(Mark One)
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(Address of principal executive offices)
None____________________________________
____________________________________
Not Applicable____________________________________
(Title of Class)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements concerning our operations and planned future acquisitions within the meaning of the safe harbor for such statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements that involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, belief, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance (often but not always using phrases such as expects, or does not expect, is expected, anticipates or does not anticipate, plans, estimates or intends, or stating that certain actions, events or results may, could, might, or will be taken to occur or be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward looking statements and are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which include statements relating to, among other things, our ability to continue to successfully compete in its market. These forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our management as well as on assumptions made by and information currently available to us at the time such statements were made. Forward looking statements are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual events or results to differ from those reflected in the forward looking statements, including, without limitation, the failure to obtain adequate financing on a timely basis and other risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of the matters set out or incorporated in this Annual Report generally and certain economic and business factors, some of which may be beyond our control. Some of the important risks and uncertainties that could effect forward looking statements as described further in this document under the headings Risk Factors, History and Development of the Company, Business Overview, Descriptions of Properties and Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
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In this Annual Report, we, us, our, Silver Standard and the Company refer to Silver Standard Resources Inc., a company incorporated under the Company Act (British Columbia), and its subsidiaries.
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Table of Contents
alteration usually referring to chemical reactions in a rock mass resulting from the passage of hydrothermal fluids.
breccia rock consisting of more or less angular fragments in a matrix of finer-grained material or cementing material.
claim that portion of public mineral lands, which a party has staked or marked out in accordance with provincial or state mining laws, to acquire the right to explore for the minerals under the surface.
conglomerate rock composed of mostly rounded fragments which are of gravel size or larger in a finer grained matrix.
crystalline means the specimen is made up of one or more groups of crystals.
cut-off grade the minimum grade of mineralization that delimits mineralization that has a reasonable prospect of economic extraction from mineralization that does not have a reasonable prospect of economic extraction.
dyke a tabular body of igneous rock that cuts across the structure of adjacent rocks or cuts massive rocks.
dilution results from the mixing in of unwanted gangue or waste rock with the ore during mining.
dolomite a magnesium bearing limestone usually containing at least 15% magnesium carbonate.
fault a fracture in a rock where there has been displacement of the two sides.
feasibility studymeans a detailed study of a deposit in which all geological, engineering, operating, economic and other relevant factors are engineered in sufficient detail that it could reasonably serve as the basis for a final decision by a financial institution to finance the development of the deposit for mineral production.
g/t grams per tonne.
gangue term used to describe worthless minerals or rock waste mixed in with the valuable minerals.
geophysics the study of the physical properties of rocks, minerals, and mineral deposits.
grade the concentration of each ore metal in a rock sample, usually given as weight percent. Where extremely low concentrations are involved, the concentration may be given in grams per tonne (g/t) or ounces per ton (oz/t). The grade of an ore deposit is calculated, often using sophisticated statistical procedures, as an average of the grades of a very large number of samples collected from throughout the deposit.
hectare a square of 100 metres on each side.
host rock the rock within which the ore deposit occurs.
igneous means a rock formed by the cooling of molten silicate material.
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Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics, can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
induced polarization method the method used to measure various electrical responses to the passage of alternating currents of different frequencies through near-surface rocks or to the passage of pulses of electricity.
Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
intrusion general term for a body of igneous rock formed below the surface.
limestone sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of carbonates, the two most common of which are calcium and magnesium carbonates.
massivea geologic body more than 100 millimeters in thickness.
Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A Mineral Reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or on the Earths crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
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mineralization usually implies minerals of value occurring in rocks.
net profits interest a royalty based on the profit, allowing for costs directly related to production. The expenses that the operator deducts from revenue are defined in the royalty agreement. Payments generally begin after payback of capital costs. The royalty holder is not responsible for contributing to capital expenses, covering operating losses or environmental liabilities.
net smelter return means the amount actually paid to the mine or mill owner from the sale of ore, minerals and other materials or concentrates mined and removed from mineral properties. This type ofroyalty provides cash flow that is free of any operating or capital costs and environmental liabilities.
outcrop means an exposure of rock at the earths surface.
oz/ton ounces per ton.
Preliminary Feasibility Study is a comprehensive study of the viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage where the mining method, in the case of underground mining, or the pit configuration, in the case of an open pit, has been established, and where an effective method of mineral processing has been determined. This Study must include a financial analysis based on reasonable assumptions of technical, engineering, operating, and economic factors and evaluation of other relevant factors which are sufficient for a qualified person acting reasonably, to determine if all or part of the Mineral Resource may be classified as a Mineral Reserve. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
Proven Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified. This definition is from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted on August 20, 2000.
reclamation bond a financial instrument or cash usually required when mechanized work is contemplated on a mineral claim. The bond may be used to reclaim any workings or put right any damage, if the reclamation of the mineral claim does not satisfy the requirements of the regulations.
sedimentary a rock formed from cemented or compacted sediments.
sediments are composed of the debris resulting from the weathering and breakup of other rocks that have been deposited by or carried to the oceans by rivers, or left over from glacial erosion or sometimes from wind action.
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sericite a fine-grained variety of mica occurring in small scales, especially in schists.
shear zone where a fault affects a width of rock rather than being a single clean break, the width of affected rock is referred to as the shear zone. The term implies movement, i.e. shearing.
silicate most rocks are made up of a small number of silicate minerals ranging from quartz (SiO2) to more complex minerals such as orthoclase feldspar (KAlSi3O8) or hornblende (Ca2Na(Mg,Fe)4(Al,Fe,Ti)Si8)22(OH)2).
sill tabular intrusion which is sandwiched between layers in the host rock.
stockwork a mineral deposit consisting of a three-dimensional network of closely spaced planar or irregular veinlets.
sulphide a mineral compound characterized by the linkage of sulphur with a metal.
tailings material rejected from a mill after recoverable valuable minerals have been extracted.
tailings pond a pond in which tailings are disposed.
tuff a finer grained pyroclastic rock made up mostly of ash and other fine grained volcanic material.
veins the mineral deposits that are found filling openings in rocks created by faults or replacing rocks on either side of faults.
waste rock which is not ore. Usually referred to that rock which has to be removed during the normal course of mining in order to get at the ore.
All disclosure about our exploration properties in this Annual Report conforms to the standards of United States Securities and Exchange Commission Industry Guide 7, Description of Property by Issuers Engaged or to be Engaged in Significant Mining Operations, other than disclosure of Mineral Resources, Measured Mineral Resources, Indicated Mineral Resources and Inferred Mineral Resources, which are Canadian geological and mining terms as defined in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 under the guidelines set out in the CIM Standards.
In this Annual Report references to Canadian National Instrument 43-101 are references to National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, of the Canadian Securities Administrators and references to CIM Standards are references to Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the CIM) Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council on August 20, 2000 as may be amended from time to time by the CIM.
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PART I
Item 1 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
A. Directors and Senior Management
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and, as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
B. Advisers
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Exchange Act, and, as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
C. Auditors
Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Item 3 Key Information
A. Selected Financial Data
The following table summarizes certain of our selected financial data. This information should be read in conjunction with the more detailed financial statements included in this Annual Report.
Table No. 1Selected Financial Data(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share and number of shares data)
* All of our operations are continuing.
** No preferred stock has been issued.
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The selected financial data is presented in Table 1 above and in the financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) prevailing in Canada as of the dates shown.
The selected financial data under U.S. GAAP for the above periods is indicated below in Table 2:
Table No. 2 Selected Financial Data (expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per and number of shares data)
Reference should be made to note 18 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of material differences between Canadian and U.S. GAAP.
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U.S./Canadian Dollar Exchange Rates
In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars (Cdn$). The Government of Canada permits a floating exchange rate to determine the value of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar (US$).
Table No. 3 below sets out the rate of exchange for the Canadian dollar at December 31, 2003, December 31, 2002, December 31, 2001, December 31, 2000 and December 31, 1999, the average rates for the period, and the range of high and low rates for the period. Table No. 4 sets out the high and low rates of exchange for the Canadian dollar for each month during the previous six months.
For purposes of these tables, the rate of exchange means the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The tables set out the number of Canadian dollars required under that formula to buy one U.S. dollar. The average rate in Table No. 3 means the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the period.
Table No. 3 U.S. Dollar/Canadian Dollar Exchange Rates for Five Most Recent Financial Years
Table No. 4 U.S. Dollar/Canadian Dollar Exchange Rates for Previous Six Months
On April 30, 2004, the exchange rate of Canadian dollars into United States dollars, based upon the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers payable in Canadian dollars as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, was US$1.0 equals Cdn$1.37.
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
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D. Risk Factors
Our exploration programs may not result in a commercial mining operation.
Mineral exploration involves significant risk because few properties that are explored contain bodies of ore that would be commercially economic to develop into producing mines. Our mineral properties are without a known body of commercial ore and our proposed programs are an exploratory search for ore. We do not know whether our current exploration programs will result in any commercial mining operation. If the exploration programs do not result in the discovery of commercial ore, we will be required to acquire additional properties and write-off all of our investments in our existing properties.
We may not have sufficient funds to complete further exploration programs.
We have limited financial resources, do not generate operating revenue, and must finance our exploration activity by other means. We do not know whether additional funding will be available for further exploration of our projects or to fulfil our anticipated obligations under our existing property agreements. If we fail to obtain additional financing, we will have to delay or cancel further exploration of our properties, and we could lose all of our interest in our properties.
Factors beyond our control may determine whether any mineral deposits we discover are sufficiently economic to be developed into a mine.
The determination of whether our mineral deposits are economic is affected by numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include:
We have no revenue from operations and no ongoing mining operations of any kind.
We are a mineral exploration company and have no revenues from operations and no ongoing mining operations of any kind. If our exploration programs successfully locate an economic ore body, we will be subject to additional risks associated with mining:
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Our properties may be subject to uncertain title.
We own, lease or have under option, unpatented and patented mining claims, mineral claims or concessions which constitute our property holdings. The ownership and validity, or title, of unpatented mining claims and concessions are often uncertain and may be contested. A successful claim contesting our title to a property will cause us to lose our rights to explore and, if warranted, develop that property. This could result in our not being compensated for our prior expenditures relating to the property.
Land reclamation requirements for our exploration properties may be burdensome.
Although variable depending on location and the governing authority, land reclamation requirements are generally imposed on mineral exploration companies (as well as companies with mining operations) in order to minimize long term effects of land disturbance. Reclamation may include requirements to:
In order to carry out reclamation obligations imposed on us in connection with our mineral exploration, we must allocate financial resources that might otherwise be spent on further exploration programs.
Political or economic instability or unexpected regulatory change in the countries where our properties are located could adversely affect our business.
Certain of our properties are located in countries, provinces and states more likely to be subject to political and economic instability, or unexpected legislative change, than is usually the case in certain other countries, provinces and states. Our mineral exploration activities could be adversely affected by:
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any of which may adversely affect our business in that country.
We may be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
We maintain our bank accounts mainly in Canadian and U.S. dollars. Any appreciation in the currencies of Argentina, Australia, Chile, Mexico or other countries where we carryout exploration activities against the Canadian or U.S. dollar will increase our costs of carrying out operations in such countries. In addition, any decrease in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar will result in a loss on our books to the extent we hold funds in U.S. dollars.
We face industry competition in the acquisition of exploration properties and the recruitment and retention of qualified personnel.
We compete with other exploration companies, many of which have greater financial resources than us or are further in their development, for the acquisition of mineral claims, leases and other mineral interests as well as for the recruitment and retention of qualified employees and other personnel. If we require and are unsuccessful in acquiring additional mineral properties or personnel, we will not be able to grow at the rate we desire or at all.
Some of our directors and officers have conflicts of interest as a result of their involvement with other natural resource companies.
Some our directors and officers are directors or officers of other natural resource or mining-related companies such as, at present, Mr. Quartermain who serves as a director and officer of Radiant Resources Inc. (formerly Pacific Sapphire Company Ltd.) and as a director of Canplats Resources Corporation, IAMGold Corporation (formerly Repadre Capital Corporation), Vista Gold Corporation, Paso Rico Resources Ltd., Esperanza Silver Corporation (formerly Reliant Ventures Ltd.) and Strathmore Minerals Corp. These associations may give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time. As a result of these conflicts of interest, we may miss the opportunity to participate in certain transactions, which may have a material, adverse effect on our financial position.
Enforcement of judgments or bringing actions outside the United States against us and our directors and officers may be difficult.
We are organized under the law of and headquartered in British Columbia, Canada, and none of our directors and officers are citizens or residents of the United States. In addition, a substantial part of our assets are located outside the United States and Canada. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for an investor to (a) enforce in courts outside the United States judgments against us and our directors and officers obtained in United States courts based upon the civil liability provisions of United States federal securities laws or (b) bring in courts outside the United States an original action against us and our directors and officers to enforce liabilities based upon such United States securities laws.
Item 4 Information on the Company
A. History and Development of the Company
General Background
We were incorporated in British Columbia, Canada, on December 11, 1946 under the name Silver Standard Mines, Limited (NPL) and changed our name to Silver Standard Mines Limited on July 18, 1979. We changed our name to Consolidated Silver Standard Mines Limited and consolidated our common stock on a 1-for-5 basis on August 9, 1984. All references to the number of shares or per share data in this Annual Report refer to consolidated shares/data, unless otherwise indicated. We changed our name to Silver Standard Resources Inc. on April 9, 1990.
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Our head office and registered and records office is located at: Suite 1180 999 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 2W2. The contact person is Robert A. Quartermain, President. The telephone number is (604) 689-3846; the facsimile number is (604) 689-3847. We do not have a registered agent in the United States.
In June 2003, our wholly owned subsidiary Maverick Silver Inc. acquired from Vista Gold Corporation and Vista Nevada Corp. an option to acquire a 55% interest in the Maverick Springs Project located in northern Nevada, representing all of the silver resources hosted in the project. See Item 4.B Business Overview.
In June 2003, we acquired from Northern Hemisphere Development Corp. and Aber Diamond Corporation a 100% interest in the Sunrise Lake deposit located in Canadas Northwest Territories. See Item 4.B Business Overview.
In August 2003, we exercised our option to acquire a 100% interest in the Challocollo project located in Region One of Northern Chile. See Item 4.B Business Overview.
In October 2003, we announced a new silver discovery at our 100% owned La Pitarrilla property in Durango State, Mexico. See Item 4.B Business Overview.
In February 2004, we exercised our option to acquire a 100% interest in the San Marcial Silver Project located in Mexico. See Item 4.B Business Overview.
In March 2004, we acquired from Sociedad Minera Berenguela S.A. and Fossores Ltd. an option to acquire all of the silver resources contained in the Berenguela project in Peru and all of the data for the project. See Item 4.B Business Overview.
In this Annual Report all references to $ and Cdn$ refer to Canadian Dollars and all references to US$ refer to United States Dollars.
The information contained in this Annual Report is current as at December 31, 2003, other than where a different date is specified.
B. Business Overview
All disclosure about our exploration properties in this Annual Report conforms to the standards of United States Securities and Exchange Commission Industry Guide 7, Description of Property by Issuers Engaged or to be Engaged in Significant Mining Operations, other than disclosure of Mineral Resources, Measured Mineral Resources, Indicated Mineral Resources and Inferred Mineral Resources, which are geological and mining terms as defined in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 under the guidelines set out in the CIM Standards. U.S. investors in particular are advised to read carefully the definitions of these terms as well as the explanatory and cautionary notes in the Glossary, and the cautionary notes below, regarding use of these terms.
We are engaged in the exploration of silver properties in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, Peru and the United States and the acquisition of silver properties, if warranted, throughout the world. We are an exploration stage company and none of our properties are currently beyond the advanced exploration stage. There is no assurance that a commercially viable mineral deposit exists on any of our properties and further exploration work may be required before a final evaluation as to the economic and legal feasibility is determined. For further information, see Item 3.D Risk Factors.
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We have five principal mineral property interests: (1) a 50% interest in the Manantial Espejo Project in the Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, (2) the Bowdens Silver Project in the Mudgee District of Australia, (3) a 43.4% interest in the Pirquitas Project in the Province of Jujuy, Argentina, (4) La Pitarrilla in Durango State, Mexico and (5) the Shafter Silver Project in Texas, U.S.A. We also have eight secondary properties: the Challacollo Silver Project in Chile, the Diablillos Project in Argentina, an option to acquire a 55% interest in the Maverick Springs Project in northern Nevada, U.S.A., an option to acquire all of the in-ground silver at the Berenguela Project in Peru, the San Marcial Silver Project in Mexico, the San Agustin Property in Durango State, Mexico, the Silvertip Property in northern British Columbia, Canada and the Sunrise Lake Deposit in the Northwest Territories, Canada; and two long-term properties: the Candelaria Mine in west central Nevada, U.S.A. and the Sulphurets Project in British Columbia, Canada. We have several other property holdings in Australia, Mexico, Chile and Canada, which are not considered principal, secondary or long-term properties.
Principal Properties
Manantial Espejo Project
On November 4, 1998, we entered into an agreement with Triton Mining Corporation (Triton Mining), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Black Hawk Mining Inc., a Toronto Stock Exchange listed company, pursuant to which we acquired an option to acquire a 50% interest in Minera Triton Argentina S.A. (Minera Triton), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Triton Mining. In order to exercise the option, we were required to:
At the time we acquired our option to acquire a 50% interest in Minera Triton:
Under the terms of the Altovalle shareholders agreement between Minera Triton and Barrick Gold, on completion of a feasibility study for the Manantial Espejo Project, Barrick Gold was required to elect to either:
sell its interest in Altovalle to Minera Triton for US$5.00 per ounce of gold plus US$0.06 per ounce of silver contained in the proven and probable reserve supporting the feasibility study with any ounces of gold or silver mined in addition to the ounces contemplated in the proven and probable reserve in the feasibility study subject to a 3% net smelter returns royalty.
In addition, under the terms of the Altovalle shareholders agreement between Minera Triton and Barrick Gold, the following royalties were payable to Barrick Gold:
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At the time we acquired an option to acquire a 50% interest in Minera Triton, Minera Triton held its interest in Altovalle and the Manantial Espejo Project subject to a net smelter returns royalty granted to Repadre Capital Corporation (Repadre Capital) equal to 1.5% of 80% of net smelter returns in respect of production from the Manantial Espejo Project.
In August 2001, in order to increase our interest in Altovalle and the Manantial Espejo Project from an option to acquire 50% interest in Minera Triton, we acquired Barrick Golds 20% interest in Altovalle and terminated Barrick Golds rights under the Altovalle shareholders agreement by:
At the time of the acquisition of Barrick Golds interest, we were not contemplating the subsequent transactions in 2002 described below with Triton Mining and Pan American. No gain or loss was recorded on the completion of this transaction with Barrick.
Under our option agreement for the acquisition of a 50% interest in Minera Triton, we agreed with Triton Mining that if either party acquired Barrick Golds 20% interest in the Manantial Espejo Project the acquiring party would offer one-half of the 20% interest to the other party for 50% of the acquisition cost. Accordingly, we transferred to Triton Mining one-half of the 20% interest (representing 10%, valued at $460,000) and cash of $125,000 in exchange for a 40% direct interest in the Sulphurets property. The net allocation of the $528,000 purchase cost of the 40% Sulphurets property interest was $499,000 to the Sulphurets property, $21,000 to working capital (including $8,000 cash) and $8,000 for reclamation deposits. We agreed to accept the 40% interest in the Sulphurets property we did not already own as consideration for the 10% interest in Manantial Espejo Project in order to increase our interest in the Sulphurets property to 100%. No gain or loss was recorded on the completion of this transaction.
On January 22, 2002, we received from Triton Mining an offer to sell to us all of its interest in the Manantial Espejo Project pursuant to the terms of the right of first refusal contained in the shareholders agreements for Minera Triton and Altovalle. On February 22, 2002, we elected to exercise our right of first refusal and entered into an agreement with Triton Mining under which we agreed to purchase Triton Minings remaining interest in Altovalle and the Manantial Espejo Project for US $2,000,000, which at the time consisted of:
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Concurrently with entering into the agreement with Triton Mining, we entered into an agreement with Pan American Silver Corp. (Pan American) to sell to Pan American:
With the completion of the above described transactions, we currently have the following interest in the Manantial Espejo Project:
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Bowdens Silver Project
We entered into an agreement on December 23, 1996 with Golden Shamrock Mines Limited as amended by an amending agreement dated August 4, 1997, to acquire all of the issued shares of GSM Exploration Pty Limited (GSM Exploration) (now known as Silver Standard Australia Pty Limited) at a cost of US$6,712,845. The acquisition of the shares of GSM Exploration was completed on August 22, 1997. At the time, the only asset of GSM Exploration was the Bowdens Silver Project, which it acquired from CRA Exploration Pty Limited (CRA Exploration) (now known as Rio Tinto Exploration Pty Limited) pursuant to the terms of a tenement sale agreement dated August 11, 1994. Under the terms of the tenement sale agreement, CRA Exploration had the right, among other things, to:
On July 31, 1997, prior to completing the acquisition of the shares of GSM Exploration, we entered into an agreement with CRA Exploration under which CRA Exploration agreed to release all of its rights to reacquire an interest in the Bowdens Silver Project in return for:
Accordingly, with the completion of the acquisition of the shares of GSM Exploration and the signing of the agreement with CRA Exploration, we own the following interest in the Bowdens Silver Project:
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Pirquitas Project
Under an agreement dated June 21, 2002, we acquired from Stonehill Institutional Partners, L.P., Stonehill Offshore Partners Limited and Stonehill Capital Management, LLC a 43.4% interest in Sunshine Argentina, Inc., a Delaware corporation, the holder of the rights to the Pirquitas Project. The total purchase price for the 43.4% interest was:
The debenture was fully converted by the holder by December 31, 2002 into 360,636 common shares in our capital.
The holders of the remaining 56.6% interest in Sunshine Argentina, Inc. are Elliott International, L.P. and The Liverpool Limited Partnership. We are the operator of the Pirquitas Project.
We currently own 434 of the shares of Sunshine Argentina, Inc. for a 43.4% interest in the Pirquitas Project.
La Pitarrilla
We acquired by staking the original mineral claim covering La Pitarrilla in November 2002 and acquired a contiguous claim by staking in June 2003. Our application for an additional contiguous claim is pending. We have agreed to pay the following finders fee to La Cuesta International, Inc. in respect of our acquisition of La Pitarrilla:
provided that the maximum amount payable in respect of the finders fee is an aggregate of US $500,000.
We currently own a 100% interest in La Pitarrilla, subject to the above described finders fee capped at US $500,000.
Shafter Silver Project
On September 19, 2000 we entered into an agreement with SSR Acquisition, Inc. (our wholly-owned subsidiary), Coastal Capital Partners L.P., John H. Bailey, Peter Galli, Carolyn E. Galli, Mark Fidler, Kathleen Fidler and David Fraser. Under the agreement, we acquired 91.8% of the issued shares of Silver Assets, Inc. in consideration of the payment of US$0.00654 per share for a total purchase price of US$599,305.15. On November 9, 2000, a short-form merger between SSR Acquisition, Inc. and Silver Assets, Inc. was effected (under the laws of the State of California), under which we acquired the remaining issued shares of Silver Assets, Inc. for US$0.00654 per share. The purchase price for 100% of the issued shares of Silver Assets, Inc. was US$693,601 (Cdn$1,024,293).
At the time of our acquisition of Silver Assets, Inc., its sole asset was a 90.56% interest in Rio Grande Mining Company (Rio Grande), the holder of the Shafter Silver Project located near Shafter, Texas. On February 4, 2002, the Nevada Secretary of State accepted a filing document that effected our acquisition of the remaining 9.44% outstanding minority stockholdings in Rio Grande. The cost of acquiring the minority stockholding was US$55,053 and is to be paid out over time as shares are surrendered.
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Prior to our acquisition Silver Assets, Inc. and Rio Grande, Rio Grande purchased all of the major outstanding royalties on metal production from the Shafter Silver Project. One of these royalties was a 6.25 percent net smelter return royalty payable to Cyprus Amax out of future mining revenues, which Rio Grande purchased from Cyprus Amax for $50,000 cash and a $475,000 note. Following our acquisition of Silver Assets, Inc.:
The only remaining material royalty on metal production from the Shafter Silver Project is a 6.25% royalty on a narrow strip of land, covering an area of 10 acres, leased from the State of Texas that contains only a minor amount of Mineral Resource.
With the acquisition of the minority stockholdings in Silver Assets, Inc. and Rio Grande, we own a 100% interest in the Shafter Silver Project, subject to the above described royalty payable to the State of Texas.
Secondary Properties
Challacollo Silver Project
Under the terms of an option agreement dated November 16, 2001, we acquired from Sociedad Contractual Minera Septentrion (Minera Septentrion) an option to acquire a 100% interest in the Challacollo Silver Project located in northern Chile. Under the terms of the option agreement, we are required to make the following cash option payments totaling US $1,500,000 over two years:
o US $20,000 due on signing the option agreement; (paid) o US $130,000 due on March 1, 2002; (paid) o US $250,000 due on August 1, 2002; (paid) o US $500,000 due on March 1, 2003 (paid); and o US $600,000 due on August 1, 2003 (paid).
On August 1, 2003, we exercised the option and acquired a 100% interest in the Challacollo Silver Project.
A five percent finders fee is included in the cash option payments. The property is subject to an existing 2% production royalty capped at US $850,000 and a 2% production royalty to Minera Septentrion increasing to 3% once the existing 2% royalty is fully paid. The Minera Septentrion royalty may be purchased for US $1,500,000 at any time.
At the date of this Annual Report, we have the following interest in the Challacollo Silver Project:
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Diablillos Property
As of November 1, 2001, we entered into a purchase agreement with Silver Standard (BVI) Inc. (our wholly owned subsidiary) and Pacific Rim Mining Corp. (Pacific Rim) and Pac Rim Cayman and Pac Rim Caribe (III) (wholly owned subsidiaries of Pacific Rim). Under the agreement, we agreed to acquire all of Pacific Rims interest in the Diablillos property located in Salta Province, Argentina through the acquisition of all of the shares of two indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Pacific Rim: Salta Gold Ltd. and Pacific Rim Mining Corporation Argentina S.A. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we agreed to pay Pacific Rim US $3,400,000 in staged payments of:
On December 14, 2001, we completed the acquisition of the Diablillos property and made the US $1,000,000 cash payment due on closing. On December 31, 2001, we paid the US $500,000 payment then due, and on January 18, 2002 issued 383,025 common shares in our capital in satisfaction of the payments due on June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2002. On June 28, 2002, we issued 142,970 common shares in our capital in satisfaction of the payments due on June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2003. The total purchase price was $5,433,000, with $5,430,000 allocated for the property and $3,000 allocated for a provision for reclamation.
We currently own a 100% interest in the Diablillos property.
Maverick Springs Project
As required by a letter agreement dated November 7, 2002 among Vista Gold Corporation (Vista), Vista Nevada Corp. (VNC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vista, and Silver Standard, on June 9, 2003, our wholly owned subsidiary Maverick Silver Inc. entered into an exploration and development agreement with Vista and VNC, pursuant to which we acquired an option to acquire a 55% interest in the Maverick Springs Project located in northern Nevada, representing all of the silver resources hosted in the project, subject to underlying agreements and royalties described below. This option is exercisable on:
Under an option agreement dated October 7, 2002 among Newmont Mining Corporation and Newmont Capital Limited (together, Newmont), Vista and VNC, Newmont granted Vista and VNC an option to acquire a 100% interest in the Maverick Springs Project. In order to maintain the option in good standing, Vista and VNC must make the following payments and expenditures required to be made under Newmonts mining lease with the owner of the property:
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In order for Vista and VNC to exercise their option from Newmont, they are required to:
In addition, following the fourth anniversary of the option agreement with Newmont, Newmont may, on payment of 200% of Vista's expenditures on the Maverick Springs Project, acquire a 51% interest in the project. If Newmont elects to acquire a 51% interest in the Maverick Springs Project, expenditures by Vista, following the acquisition of 51% of the project by Newmont, will be capped at US $2,000,000 until a feasibility study is completed for the project.
We currently have the following interest in the Maverick Springs Project:
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Berenguela Project
On March 31, 2004, we, and our wholly owned subsidiary Silver Standard Peru S.A., entered into an option agreement with Sociedad Minera Berenguela S.A. (SOMINBESA) and Fossores Ltd. (Fossores) under which we acquired an option to acquire all of the in-ground silver resources contained in the Berenguela project in Peru. In order to maintain the option in good standing, we are required to:
In order to exercise the option, we are required to issue to SOMINBESA the number of common shares in our capital that have a value equal to:
on or before the earlier to occur of:
provided that we shall have not less than a period of 60 days following the completion of the Berenguela Resource Estimate to exercise the option, if the Berenguela Resource Estimate is completed prior to July 31, 2005.
Under the terms of the option agreement, we have the right on exercise of the option, among other things, to:
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On March 31, 2004, we also entered into a funding agreement with Fossores, under which Fossores agreed to provide us with:
o the metallurgical processes that can be used to recover the silver resources from the Berenguela project; and o a pre-feasibility study that presents an economically viable plan for the development of the Berenguela project, including silver recovery.
Under the funding agreement, we agreed to pay Fossores:
We currently have the following interest in the Berenguela Project:
San Marcial Silver Project
In January 2002, we acquired from Gold-Ore Resources Ltd. (Gold-Ore) an option to acquire up to a 100% interest in Gold-Ores option to acquire the San Marcial property located in Sinaloa State, Mexico. Under the terms of the option:
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In addition, if, following the exercise of the option, within three years of the date of the option agreement:
To exercise Gold Ores option and earn a 100% interest in the San Marcial property pursuant to the underlying option agreement, we will be required to:
In August 2002, we exercised our option with Gold-Ore to acquire an option to acquire a 100% interest in the San Marcial Project by:
In February 2004, we exercised our option to acquire a 100% interest in the San Marcial Project by making the final payment due under the option agreement of US $387,500, for total payment to the vendor of US $462,500.
At the date of this Annual Report, we have the following interest in the San Marcial Project:
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San Agustin
We acquired by staking the mineral claims covering San Agustin in April 2003. We have agreed to pay the following finders fee to La Cuesta International, Inc. in respect of our acquisition of the San Agustin Property:
We currently own a 100% interest in the San Agustin Property, subject to the above described finders fee capped at US $500,000.
Silvertip Property
Under an agreement dated November 27, 2002 with Imperial Metals Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary Silvertip Mining Corporation (together Imperial), we acquired a 100% interest in the Silvertip Property located in northern British Columbia. Under the agreement:
Certain of the non-core claims comprised in the property are subject to a 5% net profits interest royalty.
We currently own the following interest in the Silvertip Property:
Sunrise Lake Deposit
Under an agreement dated June 9, 2003 with Northern Hemisphere Development Corp. (Northern) and Aber Diamond Corporation (Aber), we acquired a 100% interest in the Sunrise Lake Deposit located in the South MacKenzie District, Northwest Territories, Canada. Under the agreement:
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The claims comprised in the property are subject to a 5% net profits interest royalty.
We currently own the following interest in the Sunrise Lake Deposit:
Long-Term Properties
Candelaria Mine
On November 1, 1999, we entered into an option agreement with Kinross Candelaria Mining Company, a Delaware corporation and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Kinross Gold Corporation, a Toronto Stock Exchange listed company, (together Kinross) under which we acquired an option to acquire a 100% interest in the Candelaria mine, located in Mineral and Esmeralda counties of the State of Nevada. Under the option agreement, in consideration of the issuance to Kinross of 50,000 of our common shares, we were granted the right to carry out a six month due diligence review of the Candelaria mine. In order to exercise the option, we were required to:
In addition to the payments and share issuances, on exercise of the option:
On March 28, 2000, we entered into an amending agreement with Kinross, under which Kinross agreed to extend the term of the option by three months (to a nine-month term) on our payment to Kinross of $50,000 and issuance to Kinross of 27,500 of our common shares. Under further amending agreements dated July 12, 2000, October 27, 2000 and November 29, 2000, the term of the option was extended, without payment of any further consideration, to March 31, 2001. On March 30, 2001, we delivered notice of exercise of the option to Kinross, which provided for the closing of the purchase on amended terms. On October 1, 2001, we acquired from Kinross Gold U.S.A., Inc. (Kinross Gold) all of the shares of Kinross Candelaria Mining Company, the owner of the Candelaria mine and related assets, on:
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Under the purchase agreement, Kinross Gold agreed to maintain the reclamation bonding for the Candelaria mine in place until April 1, 2003, extendable to April 1, 2004 on our payment to Kinross Gold of US $50,000. In March 2003, we paid the US $50,000 for Kinross Gold to maintain the reclamation bonding in place until April 1, 2004 at which time we are required to provide substitute reclamation bonding. Reclamation bonding for the property is currently US $1,679,435. We have pledged the shares of Kinross Candelaria Mining Company to Kinross Gold, Inc. as collateral pending our arrangement of reclamation bonding. In March 2004, we filed a substitute reclamation bond and related documents with the Bureau of Land Management to assume the reclamation bonding for the Candelaria Mine. As at the date of this annual report, the Bureau of Land Management has not processed our filing, and Kinross Gold has granted us an extension of the time in which we are required to provide substitute reclamation bonding.
Under the terms of the purchase agreement, Kinross Gold is responsible for completing the reclamation of the mine, and we agreed, among other things, to assume all liabilities, including environmental monitoring, relating to the mine following the completion of reclamation by Kinross Gold. Kinross Gold completed the reclamation of the Candelaria Mine in 2003. With the completion of the reclamation of the mine by Kinross Gold, we are responsible for the establishment of plant growth on the property. In the event the seeding by Kinross Gold on the property does not result in sufficient plant growth, we will be required to reseed the property at an estimated cost of US $136,800; and, if reseeding does not establish sufficient plant growth, we will be required to place a soil cap on the heap leach pads at an estimated cost of US $1,272,100. In addition, on reclamation of the mine, we must monitor the mine at a total estimated cost of US $20,300 over a five year period.
We acquired the Candelaria mine for the large silver resource that remained on the property at the time of closure of the mine by Kinross Gold. Our due diligence review of the property included re-drilling 9 holes in the Deep Diablo area, limited metallurgical studies, engineering scoping studies and a complete environmental audit. The drilling confirmed the original resource estimate. Metallurgical and engineering studies demonstrated that conventional milling of the ore is feasible at higher silver prices. The environmental review did not identify any significant environmental issues and confirmed that the substantial amount of reclamation work completed to date satisfied all state and federal guidelines.
At the date of this Annual Report, we have the following interest in the Candelaria mine:
Sulphurets Project (Newhawk Arrangement)
On September 30, 1999 pursuant to a plan of arrangement (the Newhawk Arrangement), holders of common shares of Newhawk Gold Mines Ltd. (Newhawk) exchanged every six Newhawk shares for one of our common shares. There were 13,712,707 common shares of Newhawk issued and outstanding at the time of the Newhawk Arrangement which were exchanged for 2,285,451 of our common shares. On completion of the Newhawk Arrangement, Newhawk became our wholly-owned subsidiary.
At the time of the acquisition of Newhawk, its principal asset was a 60% interest in the Sulphurets Project (at the time 40% owned by Black Hawk Mining Inc. (Black Hawk), which interest we subsequently acquired) and a 100% interest in the Snowfield Property located in northwest British Columbia. The Sulphurets Project consists of a 60% interest in the Bruceside Property.
Following the Newhawk Arrangement, we completed reclamation work on the Sulphurets Project then underway. Reclamation work in 1999 was approved by the British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks and Ministry of Forests. Total reclamation costs incurred in 1999 were $1,161,333. As at the date of this Annual Report, reclamation bonding totals $5,000 in respect of the Sulphurets Project.
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Under an agreement with Triton Mining (a wholly owned subsidiary of Black Hawk) described under the heading Manantial Espejo Project above, we acquired, among other things, Black Hawks 40% interest in the Sulphurets Project in exchange for a 10% interest in Altovalle, a cash payment of $125,000 and 1.2% net smelter returns royalty on production in excess of current resources of silver and gold already outlined on the Sulphurets Project.
In November 2001, we granted Sean Morriss an option to acquire all of the shares of Newhawk, the holder of the Sulphurets Project, and the Snowfields and Blue Ice properties exercisable on payment of Cdn $3,800,000. The option may be exercised by Mr. Morriss at any time on or before the close of business on May 30, 2002, and may be further extended. In the event the option is exercised, we anticipate recording a gain of approximately $151,000 on the disposition. We did not contemplate the granting of the option to Sean Morriss at the time of the acquisition of the Sulphurets Project. The option granted to Mr. Morriss expired without exercise.
We currently own all of the shares of Newhawk Gold Mines Ltd., which owns a 100% interest in the Sulphurets Project.
El Asiento Project
Under an agreement dated July 25, 2003 with Corporacion Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL), the state mining company of Bolivia, we returned the El Asiento Project to COMIBOL. For disclosure as to this project, please see our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2000 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Other Properties
Duthie Property
We acquired the Duthie Property in November 1978 for its then known silver reserve, based on the then prevailing price of silver, and functioning mill. The Duthie Property is located 12 kilometers west of Smithers, British Columbia, approximately 1.2 kilometers north of Aldrich Lake. It operated intermittently from 1923 to the mid-1980s. Over much of this period, some hand-picked direct-shipping ore was mined, especially in the early years. Of an estimated 80,000 tons mined, about 59,400 tons were milled. Concentrate shipments totaled 7,144 tons.
At the time of acquisition of the Duthie Property, we were not responsible for, and had no obligation in respect of, the reclamation of historical tailings. In the early 1990s, British Columbia adopted legislation which resulted in our becoming responsible for the reclamation of historical tailings on the Duthie Property. As a result, we submitted a reclamation proposal for the tailings impoundment area that contained three reclamation options to the Province of British Columbia in March 1994. We have since completed a study which defines the most appropriate reclamation option and in March 1998 submitted the results of the study to the Province of British Columbia. A reclamation option was accepted by the Province of British Columbia in June 1999, subject to possible refinements. During 2001, 2002 and 2003, we carried out reclamation work of $177,000, $155,000 and $81,000, respectively. Reclamation work will continue in 2004 at an estimated cost of $148,000. Remaining reclamation obligations include placing perimeter ditches around the tailings impoundment area, capping the tailings, constructing a wetland and monitoring the results in subsequent years. Estimated costs for the remaining reclamation are $545,000, which amount has been included in our provision for reclamation and includes $12,000 per year for ongoing monitoring.
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Silver Standard Mine Property
We acquired the Silver Standard Mine Property in 1947, placed the mine in production in 1948 and operated the property as a mine until 1958. As the former mine operator, we are responsible for the reclamation of the property.
Our environmental consultants are studying the property to determine whether reclamation is required for the tailings on the property and the property in general. Accordingly, a reclamation plan has not been formulated. If a reclamation plan is required, determination of reclamation costs must await submission of the plan to and acceptance by appropriate government agencies, until that time monitoring is not required. The only remedial work required on the property at this time is the closure of mine workings, which has an estimated cost of $250,000, which amount has been included in our provision for reclamation.
Others
We have several other property holdings in Australia, Chile, Mexico, Canada and the United States, which are not considered our principal, secondary or long-term properties. These property interests are being held for possible future exploration and development, reclamation work, sale, or joint venture. Interests in all of our properties are currently held through claims, leases and options and through working interests. We review such holdings on a regular basis to determine if they should be retained.
C. Organizational Structure
We have 14 material subsidiaries. The following table sets out the name, jurisdiction of incorporation and incorporation date, date of our acquisition and our interest in each of our material subsidiaries:
Table No. 5Material Subsidiaries
(1) We owned a 90.56% interest on acquisition, which increased to 100% on February 4, 2002.
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D. Property, Plant and Equipment
Location, Access and Infrastructure
Our 50% owned Manantial Espejo property is located in southern Argentina in the province of Santa Cruz, centered at longitude 69º 30' west and latitude 48º 46 north. The nearest major city is Puerto San Julian, located on the Atlantic coast, 160 kilometers east of the property. See the following Manantial Espejo Project, Location Map.
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Rio Gallegos, 360 kilometers south and Comodoro Rivadavia, 420 kilometers north, from Puerto San Julian, are served by daily flights to Buenos Aires. Access to the property is from Provincial Route 25, a maintained gravel road, which runs from San Julian on the coast to Gobernador Gregores, some 60 kilometers beyond the property. Within the property, gravel and dirt roads provide good access to the resource area, which is 9 kilometers from the main road. In winter or during infrequent rainstorms 4-wheel drive is recommended.
There are no nearby power lines or telecommunication lines. A natural gas transmission line is located within 150 kilometers of the property, passing just west of San Julian. There is no history of mining in the area, but local laborers can be found in Gobernador Gregores.
Land Tenure
The Manantial Espejo property consists of 19 mineral concessions covering a total of 23,615 hectares, extending 36 kilometers east-west and 19 kilometers north-south. In order to maintain our rights to these concessions we are required to make canon payments to the Argentine government.
In August 2001, we acquired, together with Triton Mining through Minera Triton, two ranches totalling 28,000 hectares (108.1 square miles) for US$575,000, including buildings and improvements, payable over three years. The two ranches cover the main areas of defined mineralization at Manantial Espejo.
History
Exploration was first carried out on the property in the 1970s by the Argentine government. The following is a chronological description of mineral exploration on the Manantial Espejo property:
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To date, a total of 508 drill holes totalling 55,449 meters have been completed on the Manantial Espejo Project, excluding the wagon drill holes completed by St. Joe Minerals Corp. The greater the number of drill holes and closer the spacing between holes, the greater the knowledge of the deposit.
Geology and Mineralization
The structural setting of the known mineralization is related to the continental extension and volcanism that occurred during the mid-late Jurassic age. North-northwest trending rift structures, up to 20 kilometers wide, host many of the known precious metal occurrences. These major structures are associated with west-northwest trending faults, and the mineralization at Manantial is thought to be associated with the intersection of the structures.
Volcanic rocks constitute the main bedrock type of the area. These rocks are in the order of 400 meters thick in the project area and are overlain by or may grade laterally into the fine tuffs, tuffaceous sandstones and conglomerates of the Middle to Upper Jurassic age. The currently known epithermal prospects within the area are hosted in these rock formations.
Mineralization at Manantial is hosted in three main veins: the Maria Vein, Karina/Union Vein and Concepcion Vein. The majority of the mineralization outlined to date is in the Maria Vein. The vein is a thick multiphase silica vein exposed on surface for more than 1.0 kilometer and has been intersected at a depth of up to 275 meters. This vein is up to 40 meters thick on surface and averages 8 meters in thickness, with the true width ranging from 0.63 meters to 20 meters, with an average true width of 7.8 meters. The vein is open to the east and at depth.
The Maria Vein exhibits two quartz textures, older quartz which may also contain grey silica, amethyst and vuggy quartz, and younger sulphide-rich vein quartz breccia that often crosscuts the earlier vein and carries fragments of it. Sulphide content is low and is primarily 3-5 percent pyrite. Minor amounts of galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite and covellite have been observed.
Gold occurs as electrum inclusions contained in pyrite. Very minor visible gold in the 200-micron size has been observed in drill core along goethite-coated fractures. The silver occurs as electrum along with minor amounts of argentite, acanthite, sulfosalts, and prousite-pyrargerite.
The Karina/Union Vein is exposed on surface for a distance of 850 meters and has been drilled to a depth of 150 meters. The host rocks, alteration and mineralogy of the vein is similar to the Maria Vein.
The Concepcion Vein is a single quartz vein mineralized over a distance of 300-meters. Mineralization is open at depth and at both ends. The host rocks, mineralogy and alteration are similar to the other veins on the property.
Resource Estimates
As of the date of this report, the Manantial Espejo Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
Three veins: Maria, Karina/Union, and Concepcion, have been investigated in sufficient detail to enable a resource to be estimated by Pincock, Allen & Holt, a division of Hart Crowser Inc., ("PAH") in reports dated April 6, 2001, June 27, 2001, July 17, 2001 and July 27, 2001. In PAHs opinion, the Mineral Resource set out below has been prepared according to accepted industry standards using accepted practices, and that the work completed has been both thorough and as accurate as possible given the available database. It is also PAHs opinion that the classification of Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources as estimated herein, meet the definitions of Measured, Indicated, and Inferred Mineral Resources as stated by Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and defined by the CIM Standards.
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Table 6Silver Standard Resources Inc.Manantial Espejo PropertyMeasured and Indicated Mineral Resource Estimate(165 g/t Silver - Equivalent Cutoff Grade - Cutoff Ratio is 55:1 Silver:Gold)
Table 7Silver Standard Resources Inc.Manantial Espejo PropertyInferred Mineral Resource Estimate(165 g/t Silver - Equivalent Cutoff Grade - Cutoff Ratio is 55:1 Silver:Gold)
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Location and Access
Our Bowdens property is located approximately 200 kilometers northwest of Sydney in eastern New South Wales, Australia, near latitude 32º 39S, longitude 149º 52E. Access is by the paved road between Mudgee (population 7,500) and Rylstone (population 750) and by numerous gravel and dirt roads that criss-cross the area. See the following Bowdens Property General Location Map.
The area includes sheep ranches, farms and weekend cottages. Several large coal mines and limestone quarries are found both south of Rylstone and north of the property. The rail line between MudgeeLue-Rylstone-Kandos has recently reopened allowing rail access to Sydney via Kandos and Lithgow. A high-tension power line crosses the property. Skilled workers are available from Mudgee and other nearby towns.
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The Bowdens Property consists of one exploration tenement covering 379 square kilometers held 100 percent by Silver Standard Australia Pty. Ltd, our wholly-owned subsidiary. In order to maintain our interest in the property, we are required to make annual work expenditures on the property. For the years ended January 31, 2003 and January 31, 2004 minimum required expenditures are A$85,000 per year.
In April 1999, we purchased the 133.75 hectare farm that overlies the mineralization and a large portion of the area currently being considered for the process plant, waste dumps and tailings pond. The surface rights to the adjoining 50.05 hectare farm, which is the proposed location for the planned mill facilities, were purchased in 2001. In March, 2003, we completed the purchase of a third farm covering an area of 1,140 hectares, which provides us with surface rights for the location of the waste dumps and tailings pond and adjoins the previously purchased farms.
The original tenements covering the mineralization of the Bowdens property were granted to CRA Exploration Pty Limited (CRA Exploration) during 1989 and 1990. The following is a chronological description of mineral exploration on the Bowdens Project:
To December 31, 2003, a total of 409 holes totalling 44,391 metres have been completed on the Bowdens Project since 1989.
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Regional Geology and Mineralization
The Bowdens Project is located within a shallow depression that formed during the Late Silurian to Middle Devonian ages. Other rocks exposed in the area include Devonian age marine sediments, Middle Carboniferous age granite intrusives and the Permian age Rylstone volcanics.
Outcropping along the eastern margin of the depression are volcanic rocks. Mineralization at Bowdens is hosted by the rocks near the base of this formation.
Our geologists have identified three styles of mineralization and alteration. First, a silica alteration that is best developed within the volcanics with pervasive silica forming up to 60 percent of the rock. Visible sulfides comprise 5 to 7 percent of the rock and are composed of mainly fine-grained pyrite with minor galena and sphalerite. Occasionally quartz-sulfide veinlets form stockworks and sheeted zones within this style of mineralization. Second, a quartz vein or vein-breccia style of alteration is well developed in an area of mineralization. Vein widths range from 5.0 centimeters up to 1.5 meters and consist of fine layers of chalcedonic and crystalline quartz with thin rhodochrosite bands. Sulphides are associated with quartz and sometimes form bands of pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Third, a sericitic green clay alteration is best developed in the crystal tuff and ignimbrites and consists of sericite, carbonate, epidote, and minor 1 to 2 percent pyrite.
As of the date of this report, the Bowdens Silver Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
James A. McCrea, P. Geo., of Surrey, British Columbia completed the following resource estimate for the Bowdens Property in accordance with the standards of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the definitions of the CIM Standards. Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. reviewed and confirmed James A. McCrea's classification of Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources for the Bowdens Project, in a report dated March 18, 2004.
Table 8Silver Standard Resources Inc.Bowdens PropertyMeasured and Indicated Mineral Resource Estimate(40 g/t Silver-Equivalent Cutoff Grade - capped)
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Table 9Silver Standard Resources Inc.Bowdens PropertyInferred Mineral Resource Estimate(40 g/t Silver-Equivalent Cutoff Grade - capped)
Our 43.4% owned Pirquitas Project is a polymetallic (silver, tin, and zinc) deposit situated in the Puna de Atacama of northwestern Argentina, in the Province of Jujuy. The project site is located approximately 355 km northwest of the city of San Salvador de Jujuy. Access to the site is on public roads. The project is located in mountainous terrain with elevations ranging from 4,100 to 4,400 meters above mean sea level. There are no nearby power lines or telecommunication lines. See the following Pirquitas Project, Location Map.
The Pirquitas Project consists of 47 mineral concessions covering a total of 3,841 hectares. In order to maintain our rights to these concessions we are required to make canon payments to the Argentine government.
The Pirquitas Project also includes surface rights covering an area of approximately 7,498 hectares, which can be used for purposes such as housing, infrastructure facilities, processing plants, waste and tailing disposal sites, and other facilities to support mining operations.
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Pirquitas is the largest historical producer of tin and silver in Argentina. The following is a chronological description of mining on the Pirquitas Project:
1932-1935 Tin placer deposits were first discovered in the area in 1932. Dredging of the tin placers commenced in 1933.
Geology in northwestern Argentina is divided into three subparallel north by northeasterly-oriented structural belts: the Sub-Andean Range, the Eastern Cordillera, and the Puna, in which Pirquitas is located. These belts are defined by differences in mineral deposits, tectonic activity, and rock types.
The Sub-Andean Range is approximately 110 kilometers wide, with elevations ranging from 300 to 2,500 meters. This belt is mostly void of known mineral deposits, and is characterized by thick sequences of sedimentary rocks that have large open folds. The rocks range from Proterozoic to Recent, have no sign of volcanic activity and very little intrusive activity.
The Eastern Cordillera is 70 to 130 kilometers wide, with elevations ranging from 1,300 to 6,200 meters. Mineral deposits are mostly base metals. This belt contains granites intruding sedimentary rocks. Regional high angle reverse faulting and associated uplift are present, separating it from the Sub-Andean Range to the east.
The Puna is 90 to 240 kilometers wide, with elevations ranging from 3,900 to 6,700 meters. Mineral deposits are dominated by base and precious metals but sulfur and borax deposits also exist. Proterozoic rocks are dominant and include interbedded sandstone and shale. Pirquitas mineralization is located in the latter unit.
Mineralization is controlled by the dominant structural fabric and, to a lesser extent, by the permeability and porosity characteristics of the host rocks. Silver, tin, and zinc are spatially associated in a broad sense, but locally, the relationship is tenuous; there are veinlets with only one, all three, or any combination of the three metals. There are also veinlets devoid of any silver, tin, and zinc.
There appear to be three principal styles of mineralization: low-grade disseminated/weak, discontinuous stockwork, sheeted zones of microveinlets, and veins/veinlets. The broad, low-grade halo of silver mineralization is centered on San Miguel, but in general, also encompasses the Potosí vein. Isolated, discontinuous zones of higher-grade micro-stockwork sporadically occur within this broad halo of low-grade mineralization.
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The tin mineralization includes a poorly defined, broad, low-grade zone of mineralization with very tight, narrow zones of higher grade veinlets and veins, similar to the silver mineralization. In the central core of the deposit these higher-grade zones exhibit good continuity and correlate well through the deposit.
Zinc mineralization has an inverted bowl-shaped geometry with a weakly to unmineralized core. Higher-grade zones also seem to trend east-southeast, but these merge into broad zones toward the west end of San Miguel. These broad zones of higher-grade mineralization are open-ended. Underground, veinlet mineralization occurs in a similar fashion to the silver and tin, but high-grade zinc is not confined to the narrow veinlets.
As of the date of this report, the Pirquitas Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
Mine Development Associates of Reno, Nevada completed the following resource estimate for the Pirquitas Project in accordance with the standards of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the definitions of the CIM Standards, in a report dated May 16, 2003.
Table 10Silver Standard Resources Inc.Pirquitas ProjectMeasured and Indicated Mineral Resource Estimate - In Situ Resource(Diluted Resource, All Metals, Based on Silver Cutoff of 30 g/t Silver)
In addition to these in situ resource, Mine Development Associates also reported that the Winters Company, an independent consulting firm reported that recent sampling and metallurgical test work completed by Sunshine Argentina has enabled the jig tailings to be classified as Measured and Indicated.
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Table 11Silver Standard Resources Inc.Pirquitas ProjectMeasured and Indicated Mineral Resource Estimate - Jig Tails
La Pitarrilla Property
The Pitarrilla Property is located in the northern part of the State of Durango, Mexico, approximately 150 kilometers north of Durango City. The property can be accessed from several all-weather roads. Electrical power is generated at a dam at Palmito located 30 kilometers to the north. See the following Pitarrilla Property Location Map.
The Pitarrilla Property is comprised of two mineral claims covering an area of approximately 7,166 hectares and a mineral claim application covering an additional 4,200 hectares. In order to maintain our rights to these concessions we are required to make canon payments to the Mexican government.
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In the late 1990s, Monarch Resources drill tested several gold anomalies on the eastern flank of the Cerro La Pitarrilla. We acquired the property by staking in late 2002 and shortly thereafter undertook two programs of mapping and prospecting. This work located the three known zones of silver mineralization (Cordon Colorado, Peña Dyke and Javelina Creek), two of which have been tested by 97 drill holes totalling approximately 11,000 metres.
Silver mineralization is localized in a volcanic rock bed, forming the Cordon Colorado zone, and a volcanic rock dyke in the Peña Dyke area. Both areas of mineralization formed as part of a large volcanic complex measuring 2.5 kilometers by 4 kilometers. Silver mineralization is restricted to the volcanic rock phases.
As of the date of this report, the Pitarrilla Property is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
James A. McCrea, P. Geo., of Surrey, British Columbia completed the following resource estimate for the Pitarrilla Property in accordance with the standards of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the definitions of the CIM Standards.
Table 12Silver Standard Resources Inc.La Pitarrilla PropertyIndicated Mineral Resource Estimate(40 g/t Silver - Cutoff Grade)
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Table 13Silver Standard Resources Inc.La Pitarrilla PropertyInferred Mineral Resource Estimate(40 g/t Silver - Cutoff Grade)
The Shafter Silver Project is located in south central Presidio County, in southwestern Texas, at latitude 29°30 north and longitude 104°20 west. The town of Shafter, at the eastern border of the district, is 43 miles south of Marfa, and 18 miles northeast of Presidio on the Mexico border, at the northeast border of the Mexican State of Chihuahua. The Big Bend National Park is about 60 miles to the southeast of Shafter. Access to the property is by paved roads from El Paso via Marfa. The closest major airport is at El Paso. See the following Shafter Silver Project Location Map.
The Shafter Silver Project is on private land in the State of Texas, other than a narrow strip of land leased from the state. We control approximately 3,500 acres of private land on and around the mine sites. We also have the right to acquire, via a lease option taken out in April 1998 by Rio Grande Mining Company (Rio Grande), now our indirect subsidiary, a contiguous 16,000-acre tract of private ranch land (single owner), which includes the Red Hills copper-molybdenum deposit and several miles of land on-trend between Shafter and Red Hills.
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The mineralized areas in the Shafter district were first explored in 1880 by John Spencer, and his Mexican workers. It is thought that some old workings near the Perry Mine may date back to early prospecting by Spanish explorers. The first official mining company was the Presidio Mining Company organized in 1881. The following is a chronological description of mineral exploration in the Shafter district:
Many of the worlds largest carbonate-hosted silver-lead-zinc deposits occur in northern Mexico, and some have been in production since the 1600s. These deposits occur in thick Jurassic age to Cretaceous age sedimentary depressions overlying older Paleozoic age rocks. The regional geology in the area of south western Texas is similar to that described above with a thick Jurassic-Cretaceous age sedimentary depression overlying the older Paleozoic age basement rocks. Thick carbonate sequences extend over 1,600 kilometers in length from southeastern Arizona and southern New Mexico, through northern Mexico and southwestern Texas. The carbonate formations often exceed 3,000 meters in thickness, and consist of continuous sections of limestone with minor dolomite. The silver-lead-zinc deposits in these areas are referred to as carbonate-hosted deposits because of their irregular but sharp contact with their enclosing carbonate host rocks.
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The mineral deposits in the Shafter Mining District occur in the upper units of the Permian age limestone, mainly as replacement bodies. The mineralization took place after the intrusion of dikes and sills of Tertiary age. The ore minerals have all had some oxidation and much of the silver is in argentite and cerargyrite. There is little evidence in the Shafter Mining District to indicate the source of the mineralizing solutions that formed the silver-lead-zinc deposits. No evidence of contact metamorphism has been noted, and this may indicate that the mineralizing solutions have travelled some distance, either horizontally or vertically through the carbonate rocks.
Mineralogy is fairly consistent within the whole district. Locally at the Presidio Deposit the principal silver minerals are argentite and minor native silver. Other minerals are quartz, calcite, goethite, and some dolomite, hemimorphite, willemite, galena and sphalerite. Secondary minerals are cerusite, goethite and hematite. The Shafter deposit is an eastward extension of the previously mined Presidio Deposit.
As of the date of this report, the Shafter Silver Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
PAH developed a three-dimensional computerized model of the Shafter silver deposit that was used in the development of the geologic resource estimate. PAHs estimated geologic resource includes all material in the model without regard to mineability. The resource estimation does not provide for any dilutional effects that will be experienced during mining and is based on a density factor of 12.0 cubic-feet per ton applied to all material. PAH, in a report dated April 10, 2001, believes that the classification of the resources meets the standards of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the definitions of the CIM Standards.
Table 14Silver Standard Resources Inc.Shafter Silver ProjectMeasured and Indicated Mineral Resource Estimate(5.0 oz/ton Silver - Cutoff Grade)
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Table 15Silver Standard Resources Inc.Shafter Silver ProjectInferred Mineral Resource Estimate(5.0 oz/ton Silver - Cutoff Grade)
Challacollo Project
The Challacollo project is located 130 kilometres southeast of Iquique and 15 kilometres east of the Pan American Highway at an elevation is 4,900 feet (1,500 meters) above sea level in the Region of Tarapaca (Region One) in northern Chile and covers an area of approximately 14.5 square miles (37.5 square kilometres). See the following Challacollo Project Location Map.
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The Challacollo deposit consists of four main north-south trending veins. The principal vein, Lolon is 2,000 metres in length and has historically been prospected and developed along 700 metres. Mineralization is hosted in a dominant quartz-rich zone that averages up to 13 metres in width and crosscuts volcanic rocks. During the 1990s, 22 holes, along with significant underground sampling was undertaken by various exploration groups.
In late 2001 and early 2002, we completed an extensive sampling program of the underground workings at 25 metre intervals comprised of over 1,000 samples and a seven hole, 746-metre drill program which tested approximately 600 metres of strike length of the Lolon vein that extends on surface for 2,000 metres. In 2003, a 5,685 metre drill program of infill and step out drilling was completed and a resource estimate for the project was prepared in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards.
As of the date of this report, the Challacollo Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
We completed an updated polygonal estimate of the resources for the Challacollo Project in July 2003, which included the results of the 2001 and 2002 underground sampling and drill programs and the 2003 drill program. The resource estimate is based on a cut-off of 50 grams of silver per tonne and was prepared in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards. Sundance Ventures reviewed and confirmed our classification of Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources for the Challacollo Project, in a report dated September 17, 2003.
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Table 16Silver Standard Resources Inc.Challacollo ProjectSilver Standard Indicated Mineral Resource Estimate with Sundance Review(50 g/t Silver Cutoff Grade)
Table 17Silver Standard Resources Inc.Challacollo ProjectSilver Standard Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate with Sundance Review(50 g/t Silver Cutoff Grade)
Diablillos Project
The Diablillos silver-gold project is located on the Puna Plateau in the province of Salta in northwestern Argentina near its border with Chile. The property consists of seven concessions totalling 13.9 square miles (3,600 hectares) and is accessible by road. In order to maintain our rights to these concessions we are required to make canon payments to the Argentine government. See the following Diablillos Project Location Map.
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The silver-dominant mineralization at Diablillos is hosted by a high sulphidation epithermal system in volcanic rocks. The mineralization is largely confined between two northeast-striking faults approximately 1,300 feet (400 metres) apart.
Silver mineralization in the Oculto deposit (the main area of mineralization) occurs as native silver, chloragerite and matildite. As mineralization is both oxide and sulphide, recoveries in heap leach tests were sufficiently low to recommend milling as the optimal method of recovery.
Much of the recent work on the Oculto deposit at Diablillos was completed by Barrick Gold Corporation. The Oculto deposit is defined by 17 diamond drill holes totalling 3,010 metres and 79 reverse circulation holes totalling 19,114 metres. Barrick drilled altogether 24 diamond drill holes and 150 reverse circulation holes. In 2003, we drilled 20 holes totaling 3,046 meters, chiefly to test geophysical anomalies.
As of the date of this report, the Diablillos Property is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
Mine Development Associates of Reno, Nevada completed the following resource estimate for the Oculto deposit in accordance with the standards of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the definitions of the CIM Standards, in a report dated August 3, 2001.
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Table 18Silver Standard Resources Inc.Diablillos PropertyInferred Mineral Resource Estimate(42 g/t Silver Cutoff Grade - 0.7 g/t Gold Cutoff Grade)
* overlapping mineralized zones.
The Maverick Springs Project is located approximately half-way between Elko and Ely, Nevada and covers approximately 3,970 acres within the prospective region of gold/silver mineralization known as the Carlin Trend. See the following Maverick Springs Project Location Map. The Carlin Trend is thought to mark a deep penetrating fault that separates relatively thick and stable continental crust to the east from a zone of thinned transitional crust to the west.
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The Maverick Springs Project is underlain primarily by sediments covered by local basin-fill volcanic rocks. Limestones and sediments are the dominant hosts to the silver-gold mineralization at Maverick Springs. The mineralization does not crop out and has been delineated by programs of reverse circulation and diamond core drill holes. The mineralization trends north-northeast and occurs as a gently-folded sub-horizontal zone, of dimensions of approximately 8,000 feet in length and 2,500 feet wide. The zone of mineralization is approximately 200 feet thick and occurs at depths of 500 feet to 600 feet below surface.
Prior to Vista and VNC acquiring the option on the property from Newmont, geological mapping, soil and stream geochemical surveys, and a substantial amount of drilling were carried out on the property. A total of 130 drill holes were completed during this period, of which 37 were shallow conventional rotary or percussion holes, 39 were reverse circulation holes, and 54 were diamond core holes. Following the acquisition of the option from Newmont, Vista completed a wide-spaced seven hole reverse circulation drill program to test for continuation of the previously identified mineralized zone. In 2003, Vista completed an additional 16 reverse circulation holes to further test for the continuation of mineralization.
As of the date of this report, the Maverick Springs Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
Snowden Mining Industry Consultants of Vancouver, British Columbia completed the following resource estimate for the Maverick Springs Project in accordance with the standards of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the definitions of the CIM Standards, in a report dated April 13, 2004.
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Table 19Silver Standard Resources Inc.Maverick Springs ProjectIndicated Mineral Resource Estimate(1 oz/ton Silver-Equivalent Cutoff Grade)
Table 20Silver Standard Resources Inc.Maverick Springs ProjectInferred Mineral Resource Estimate(1 oz/ton Silver-Equivalent Cutoff Grade)
The Berenguela project is located 50 km west of Juliaca, in the Province of Lampa on the Altiplano of southern Peru and is comprised of two mining concessions covering an area of approximately 200 hectares. Access is good with a major paved highway adjacent to the property and a main-line railway passes within 5 kilometers of the property. See the following Berenguela Project Location Map.
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The Berenguela deposit is hosted by limestone overlying a layer of gypsum. The limestone varies in thickness from 30 meters to 100 meters. Mineralization consists of massive replacement of the limestone by manganese dioxide minerals and variable amounts of silver and copper. The deposit is a tabular body that occurs at surface over an area of approximately 75 hectares and is accessible by underground workings and several open pits.
The property was mined continuously from 1905 to 1965 by Lampa Mining Company, of Britain, as a silver-copper mine. In the 1960s, Charter Consolidated Mining Co. and Asarco Inc. each explored the Berenguela property. The two companies completed a total of 6,600 meters of diamond drilling and channel-sampled underground workings at 1.5-meter intervals over 5,108 meters. In 1968, Charter Consolidated developed an open pit plan and calculated a mineable ore reserve for the property. Since the completion of the mineable ore reserve estimate, no significant amount of ore has been mined from the property. The ore reserve calculated by Charter Consolidated does not comply with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards. Under Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards, the mineable reserve would be classified as a mineral resource.
In the late 1960s the Peruvian Government nationalized Berenguela. SOMINBESA acquired the property from Minero-Peru (a state owned mining company) in 1995 and has completed engineering studies for the development of the property. Under our option agreement, we have agreed to undertake additional drilling and prepare a resource estimate for the project in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards.
As of the date of this report, the Berenguela Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
The San Marcial silver project is located in Sinaloa State, Mexico 56 miles (90 kilometres) due east of Mazatlan in the Sierra Madre Mountains in west central Mexico and is comprised of two claims covering an area of 4.8 square mile (1,250 hectare). The concession is generally road accessible year round except during the rainy season when 4-wheel drive vehicles are required. See the following San Marcial Silver Project Location Map. In order to maintain our rights to these concessions we are required to make canon payments to the Mexican government.
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The geology at San Marcial can be sub-divided into two distinct underlying rock types, an upper volcanic group of rocks occurring in the higher and more mountainous portions of the property in the northeast, and the underlying lower volcanic group of rocks that occur at lower elevations. The known silver prospects at San Marcial are hosted along what appears to be a narrow set of northwest trending fault structures in two known vein systems; both of which outcrop at surface and can be identified by small historical diggings over a strike length of approximately 300 metres. Prior to our acquisition of the property, Gold-Ore carried out regional stream sediment sampling, geological mapping, rock sampling, trenching and completed the drilling of six holes totaling 601.7 metres. Following acquisition, we completed two drill programs totalling 2526.8 meters in 14 holes.
As of the date of this report, the San Marcial Silver Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
We completed an estimate of the resources for the San Marcial Silver Project in August 2002. The resource estimate is based on a cut-off of 30 grams of silver per tonne and was prepared in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards. Sundance Ventures reviewed and confirmed our classification of Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources for the San Marcial Silver Project in a report dated October 15, 2002.
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Table 21Silver Standard Resources Inc.San Marcial Silver ProjectSilver Standard Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate with Sundance Review(30 g/t Silver Cutoff Grade - uncapped)
San Agustin Property
The San Agustin Property is comprised of two mineral claims covering an area of approximately 575 hectares and is located 85 kilometers north of Durango City in the State of Durango. Infrastructure is close by and paved Highway 45 passes 10 kilometers east of the property. See the following San Agustin Property Location Map. In order to maintain our rights to these concessions we are required to make canon payments to the Mexican government.
The local geology consists of a volcanic dome complex resting on fine sedimentary rocks. Blocks of the sedimentary rocks are locally separated by volcanic rocks. The entire package was structurally brecciated and mineralized with gold and silver, which outcrops at surface. Surface oxidation averages 20 meters to 30 meters in depth.
Prior to our staking the property, exploration activities were completed on the property in the 1990s consisting of mapping, soil sampling and 69 drill holes totaling 10,400 meters outlining the San Agustin gold silver mineralization.. We recently completed a reverse circulation drill program, which totaled 3,890 meters in 24 holes. The results of this program, along with the prior drill holes, have been used to calculate a preliminary resource.
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As of the date of this report, the San Agustin Property is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
James A. McCrea, P. Geo., of Surrey, British Columbia completed the following polygonal preliminary resource estimate for the San Agustin Property in accordance with the standards of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the definitions of the CIM Standards.
Table 22Silver Standard Resources Inc.San Agustin PropertyPreliminary Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate(0.5 g/t Gold Cutoff Grade)
The Silvertip Property is located in northern British Columbia approximately 85 km (50 miles) south of Watson Lake, Yukon Territory. See the following Silvertip Property Location Map.
Silvertip is a high grade carbonate replacement deposit. Exploration work to date has included 71,472 meters of drilling in 491 holes and 2.67 kilometers of underground development. We have not carried out any work on the Silvertip Property since our acquisition of the property.
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As of the date of this report, the Silvertip Property is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
Imperial Metals Corporation, the parent company of the former owner of the Silvertip Property, prepared the following resource estimate for the property in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards.
Table 23Silver Standard Resources Inc.Silvertip ProjectIndicated Mineral Resource Estimate
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Table 24Silver Standard Resources Inc.Silvertip ProjectInferred Mineral Resource Estimate
Sunrise Lake Property
The Sunrise Lake Property is located about 130 kilometers by air east-northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Access to the property is typically by ski- or float equipped aircraft. The Sunrise Lake Property consists of 6 mining leases, which form a contiguous block with an aggregate area of 1618 ha.
The Sunrise deposit consists of a lens of polymetallic massive sulphides overlying stringer zones of low-grade mineralization. The massive sulphide lens is 3 meters to 4 meters thick and has a strike length of about 120 meters at the surface. At depth it is up to 190 meters long. The deposit remains open down plunge.
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Hemisphere and Aber discovered the Sunrise deposit in October 1987. During 1987 and 1988, they drilled a total 18,951 meters in 65 diamond drill holes on the Sunrise deposit and 1,280 meters in 12 holes on peripheral targets. In 1998, they completed an additional seven diamond drill holes aggregating 1,543 meters. We have not carried out any exploration activities on the property since acquisition.
As of the date of this report, the Sunrise Lake Property is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
We completed an updated polygonal estimate of the resources for the Sunrise Lake Property in August 2003. The resource estimate is based on a cut-off of 30 grams of silver per tonne and was prepared in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the CIM Standards. Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. reviewed and confirmed our classification of Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources for the Sunrise Property in a report dated September 3, 2003.
Table 25Silver Standard Resources Inc.Sunrise Lake PropertySilver Standard Indicated Mineral Resource Estimate with Roscoe Postle Review(30 g/t Silver Cutoff Grade - Uncut)
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Table 26Silver Standard Resources Inc.Sunrise Lake PropertySilver Standard Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate with Roscoe Postle Review(30 g/t Silver Cutoff Grade - Uncut)
The Candelaria mine is located in the Candelaria Hills in west central Nevada approximately 55 miles south of Hawthorne, Nevada and approximately five miles west of Highway 95, which connects Reno, Nevada to Las Vegas, Nevada. Access to the property is by paved road from Highway 95. The mine site is connected to the local power grid and has water wells and pumping equipment in place. See the following Candelaria Mine Location Map.
The Candelaria District developed into the richest silver district in the State of Nevada, following discovery of high grade veins in 1864. From then until 1954, the property produced 22 million ounces of silver. The property was acquired by Occidental Minerals and later Nerco Minerals, who built the present processing facility and operated the mine from 1980 until 1989. During that time they produced over 33 million ounces of silver. Kinross Candelaria Mining Company, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Kinross Gold Corporation, (Kinross) purchased the property in 1994 and operated the mine until January 1999. Kinross produced over 13 million ounces of silver, bringing the total historical production for the property to over 68 million ounces of silver.
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Mineralization within the district is confined to the Candelaria Shear. High grade veins form along contacts of intrusive dikes within the host volcanics. Lower grade, bulk tonnage mineralization extends as a halo from the veins into the surrounding shear zone. The main ore bodies vary in width from 80 to 120 feet averaging 3.5 to 4.1 ounces of silver per ton.
Reclamation of the site has been ongoing for the past several years. The mine dumps have been recontoured and re-seeded, and both of the heap leach piles have been rinsed with fresh water and re-seeded. Kinross completed re-contouring and re-seeding of the leach ponds in the first quarter of 2002. We have completed an environmental audit of the property. The environmental audit did not identify any significant environmental issues and confirmed that the substantial amount of reclamation work completed to date met all state and federal guidelines. See Item 4.B Business Overview.
As of the date of this report, the Candelaria Mine is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
Sulphurets Project
The Sulphurets Project is located in the Coast Range Mountains of northwestern British Columbia approximately 900 kilometers north of Vancouver and 240 kilometers north of the town of Prince Rupert. Latitude and longitude are 56 degrees 29 minutes north and 129 degrees 13 minutes west, respectively.
Access from the town of Stewart (62 kilometers south-southeast of the property) is currently by helicopter. During the underground exploration period in the late 1980s, freight, supplies and personnel were transported from Stewart overland via paved Highway 37, then by gravel road to Bowser Lake, then by barge along Bowser Lake (25 kilometers) then by road along Bowser River and finally by tracked vehicle up the Knipple Glacier (15 kilometers) and a further 3.0 kilometers of gravel roads to the camp site.
The towns of Terrace and Smithers are located in the same general region as the Sulphurets Project. Both are directly accessible by daily air service from Vancouver. Stewart has good road access but does not have scheduled air service.
The Sulphurets Project consists of 28 recorded claims covering an area of 2,968 hectares. The claims are in good standing until 2010 and, thereafter, can be maintained in good standing by carrying out additional work on the property or paying a fee to the Government of British Columbia. The area encompassing the Sulphurets property has been intermittently explored for precious and base metals for more than 100 years.
A north-trending zone of intense quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration 100 to 450 meters wide and 4.5 kilometers long cuts through the central part of the claim group. The alteration is pervasive and hosts over 40 known zones of structurally controlled quartz-carbonate gold-silver bearing veins, stockworks and breccias. The most important ore-bearing structures occur within a complex vein system and can range from a few centimeters up to 50 meters wide and can contain up to 60 percent quartz. Individual mineralized zones range in length from several meters to several hundred meters.
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The property was actively explored from the 1970s to 1994. Newhawk acquired its initial interest in the property in 1984 and carried out a series of exploration programs that included mapping, trenching, sampling, underground development on the West Zone of the property, and both surface and underground diamond drilling. A feasibility study was completed in 1990. Prior to our acquisition of Newhawk, in excess of $40 million had been spent on the exploration and development of the property. We have not carried out any exploration work on the property since we acquired it in 1999.
As of the date of this report, the Sulphurets Project is without known Mineral Reserves and any activity carried out on the property is exploratory in nature.
Office Space
Until March 2003, we leased, along with Repadre Capital Corporation (now known as IAMGold Corporation) (Repadre), 3969 square feet of office space in Vancouver, British Columbia at 1180 999 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia under the terms of a lease which expired March 31, 2003. Our share of the rent for the office space was $6,194 per month. Following March 2003, we assumed responsibility for the lease of the entire office space and entered into a further lease for the premises expiring March 31, 2008 with monthly rent of $9,700. The property is used as our head office.
In April 1999, Repadre acquired Golden Knight Resources Inc. (Golden Knight), a mining company whose shares were listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Prior to Golden Knights acquisition by Repadre, we shared office space with Golden Knight and had two common directors, Robert Quartermain, who was President and CEO of Golden Knight, and Gordon Davis. Following the acquisition of Golden Knight, Repadre continued to pay for Golden Knights share of the leased premises until March 2003 and Robert Quartermain was appointed a director of Repadre. See Item 6D. Employees.
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Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
A. Operating Results
Managements discussion and analysis (MD&A) provides a detailed analysis of our business and compares our 2003 financial results with those of the previous two years. In order to better understand the MD&A, it should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes. We prepare and file with various Canadian regulatory authorities our consolidated financial statements and MD&A in Canadian dollars and in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Reference should be made to note 18 of the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of material measurement differences between Canadian and U.S. GAAP and their effect on the consolidated financial statements. Our Annual Information Form is filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
Critical accounting policies and changes in accounting policies
Our accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenditures during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those reported.
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Mineral property costs
We record our interests in mineral properties at cost. The costs of acquiring mineral properties and related exploration and development expenditures are deferred and will be amortized against future production following commencement of commercial production or are written off if the properties are sold, allowed to lapse or abandoned. General exploration, overhead and administration costs are expensed in the period they are incurred.
Management of the company regularly reviews the net carrying value of each mineral property. Where information is available and conditions suggest impairment, estimated future net cash flows from each property are calculated using estimated future prices, proven and probable reserves, and operating capital and reclamation costs on an undiscounted basis. Reductions in the carrying value of each property would be recorded to the extent the net book value of the investment exceeds the estimated future cash flows. Where estimates of future net cash flows are not available and where other conditions suggest impairment, management assesses if carrying value can be recovered.
Managements estimates of mineral prices, recoverable proven and probable reserves, and operating, capital and reclamation costs are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may affect the recoverability of mineral property costs. Although management has made its best estimate of these factors, it is possible that changes could occur in the near term that could adversely affect managements estimate of the net cash flows to be generated from its properties. We presently have no proven or probable reserves.
Option payments received are treated as a reduction of the carrying value of the related mineral property and deferred costs until the payments are in excess of costs incurred, at which time they are then credited to income.
Provision for reclamation
On January 1, 2003, we adopted a new standard of accounting for asset retirement obligations. A description of this policy and the impact it had on adoption is discussed in the Financial Results section which follows.
Recently issued accounting policies
The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) has issued amendments to Section 3870 Stock-based Compensation and Other Stock-based Payments, which require an expense to be recognized in financial statements for all forms of employee stock-based compensation, including stock options. We will be required to adopt the standard on January 1, 2004, which will result in compensation expense on stock options granted to directors and employees, previously only disclosed on a pro forma basis, to be charged to earnings. Had we followed the fair value method for valuing stock options granted to directors and officers, an additional compensation cost of $2,840,000 (2002 $1,664,000) would have been recorded in 2003.
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2003 Compared with 2002
Selected Financial data
(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)
* Investment gains of $516,000 and foreign exchange gains of $352,000 were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2002.
For the year ended December 31, 2003, we incurred a loss of $3,938,000 or $0.10 per share compared to a loss of $2,198,000 or $0.06 per share in 2002. The greater loss is due to a combination of lower investment income, a greater foreign exchange loss and cost increases in certain categories of expenditures. An analysis of the constituent parts of expenses follows:
With the increase in the price of both precious and base metals, the price of in-ground silver resource ounces available for acquisition increased. As an alternative, to create shareholder value, we increased our expenditures on grass roots exploration resulting in our success at La Pitarrilla and expansion of our activities in Mexico. We expense these costs until such time as a property is acquired. In 2003, exploration costs were $465,000, representing a $186,000 increase from the prior year. We incurred $293,000 of our 2003 exploration costs in Mexico. In 2004, Mexico will continue to be the focus of a significant portion of our exploration efforts. We will also have exploration programs in Chile and Argentina.
In 2003, we did not abandon or write off any property costs. In 2002, the Blueys property was written off at a cost of $53,000.
On January 1, 2003, we adopted the new standard of accounting for asset retirement obligations which harmonizes with U.S. GAAP. The new standard requires the recognition of a liability for obligations associated with the retirement of fixed assets when the liability is incurred. A liability is recognized initially at fair value if a reasonable estimate of the fair value can be made, and the resulting amount is capitalized as part of the asset. The liability is accreted over time through periodic charges to earnings or mineral property costs. In subsequent periods, we adjust the carrying amounts of the asset and the liability for changes in estimates of the amount or timing of underlying future cash flows. The cumulative effect of the change through January 1, 2003, which was recorded in 2003, was to increase mineral property cost by $17,000 and reclamation by $21,000.
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Reclamation expense for the year 2003 was $507,000, compared to $420,000 in 2002 for an increase of $87,000 for the year.
Expenses were $2,575,000 in 2003 compared to $2,147,000 in 2002, an increase of $428,000. The two areas contributing to the majority of the increase were in the areas of general and administration costs and salaries and employee benefits.
General and administrative costs increased $175,000 in 2003 and were $1,579,000 for the year. Insurance expense for the year increased $67,000 during the year to $205,000. Premium increases were the main reason for this additional expense and costs in this area are not expected to decline in the near future. Costs relating to shareholder relations, which includes costs associated with preparing our annual and quarterly reports and the mailing thereof, increased $112,000 in the year to $319,000. As our number of shareholders increased 25% over the past year, so did the costs of keeping our shareholders informed. The costs of preparing our annual and quarterly reports increased $49,000 in 2003 with mailing costs increasing $46,000 from $86,000 to $132,000. In 2003, the company incurred $649,000 in the area of investor relations and this was comparable to 2002 costs. Greater costs were incurred relating to meetings with institutional investors and shareholders. Our president had a total of twelve meetings with shareholders in various U.S. cities in 2003. Offsetting these cost increases were lower costs in the areas of capital taxes and donations.
Professional fees were $143,000 for 2003 compared to $153,000 in 2002. Cost increases for accounting and audit services were more than offset by a $49,000 reduction in the cost of legal services. In early 2003, the company hired in-house legal counsel, which resulted in a reduction in the use of external counsel.
Salaries and employee benefits for the year were $654,000 compared to $434,000 in 2002 an increase of $220,000. The two main reasons for the increase are the addition of the in-house legal counsel mentioned above and salary increases that took place at the beginning of 2003. Bonus payments for staff for 2003 were $155,000 compared to $101,000 in 2002.
The company granted 66,500 (2002 74,900) stock options to non-employees in 2003. The fair value of these options was $187,000 (2002 $161,000), with the company expensing $169,000 (2002 $132,000) of this assigned value and deferring $18,000 (2002 $29,000) into mineral property costs.
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In 2003, we incurred net other expenses of $391,000 compared to other income of $701,000 in 2002. In 2003, we had investment income of $379,000 compared to income of $305,000 in the prior year. Lower short-term interest rates were more than offset by higher cash and investment balances. In 2002, we recorded gains on the sale of marketable securities of $544,000. In 2003, we did not sell any of our marketable securities, but we did write-down $101,000 of our investments. At December 31, 2003, we held marketable securities carried at a cost of $1,457,000 with a market value of $9,730,000. In 2002 we recorded interest of $92,000 relating to interest on a convertible debenture obligation. There was no interest expense for 2003 as the debenture had been converted to common stock in late 2002. The foreign exchange loss for 2003 was $669,000 compared to a loss of $37,000 in 2002. The large increase in the loss for the year was a direct result of the impact that the strengthening Canadian dollar had on our U.S. cash and cash equivalent balances at the beginning of 2003. At December 31, 2002, we held US $5,800,000, which had been received as subscriptions for our common stock. As we require U.S. dollars to meet our various property obligations, the funds were not converted to Canadian dollars. During 2003, the Canadian dollar appreciated 22% against the U.S. dollar, with the majority of this increase occurring by mid-year. Going forward, we have adopted a policy that will limit foreign exchange losses and gains.
2002 Compared with 2001
For the year ended December 31, 2002, we incurred a loss of $2,198,000 or $0.06 per share compared to a loss of $3,377,000 or $0.13 per share in 2001. The lower loss is mainly a result of lower mineral property write-offs and gains on sales of marketable securities in 2002 offset by cost increases for certain other categories of expenses.
Expenditures on grass roots exploration and property examinations increased to $279,000 from the $107,000 recorded in 2001. This increase reflected increased activities in Mexico and Chile as we made an effort to locate potential new properties through exploration as well as acquisitions. We have been successful in this regard as three new properties were staked in Mexico and two in Chile. Once a property has been acquired, the acquisition costs are deferred as mineral property costs. In 2002, the Blueys property in Australia was abandoned and we wrote-off our $53,000 investment. In 2001, we wrote-off $1,744,000 relating to our remaining investment in the El Asiento property in Bolivia.
Reclamation costs expensed in 2002 were $420,000 compared to $201,000 an increase of $219,000. On-going environmental and reclamation expenditures were $322,000 reflecting greater activity at sites in British Columbia. In 2002, unlike 2001, there were excellent weather conditions for reclamation at the Duthie property. In 2002 we reviewed our environmental obligations and accrued an additional $98,000 provision (2000 $nil) on reclamation in British Columbia.
At December 31, 2002, we had accrued $843,000 relating to our various reclamation obligations. Of this amount, $357,000 related to the Duthie property, $240,000 related to the Silver Standard Mine property, $112,000 related to the Silvertip property in British Columbia and $89,000 related to the Candelaria Mine property in Nevada, with the balance relating to our other properties. The Duthie property and Silver Standard Mine property accruals were charged to earnings in 1995 and 1996. The Candelaria Mine property accrual was established in 2002. The Diablillos property and Silvertip property accruals were established in conjunction with their acquisition in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The accruals cover monitoring costs.
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Expenses were $2,147,000 during 2002 compared to $1,517,000, an increase of $630,000. Of the increase, $298,000 related to general and administrative costs including depreciation, $73,000 for professional fees, $127,000 for salary and employee benefits and $132,000 for stock-based compensation for non-employees.
General and administrative costs were $1,404,000 compared to $1,105,000 in 2001. Approximately $100,000 of the increase was in the area of investor and shareholder relations, including consulting. This increase related to costs associated with the private placement in the second quarter of 2002 and a number of other investor and shareholder awareness initiatives undertaken in 2002. These shareholder awareness costs continued in 2003. The other areas where there have been increases are in the areas of insurance, capital tax and transfer agent and filing fees.
Professional fees were $153,000 in 2002 compared to $80,000 in 2001. The increase relates to the requirement for more accounting, audit and legal professional services and the increased costs for these services.
Salaries and employee benefits expensed were $434,000 in 2002 compared to $307,000 in 2001. During the second quarter of 2002, $101,000 in bonus payments were made to nine employees and our relatively low salaries compared to peer companies were increased. The costs of our benefit plans were $32,000 higher than in 2001.
Effective January 1, 2002, we adopted the new accounting standard for stock-based compensation. We granted 74,900 stock options to non-employees in 2002. The fair value of these options was $161,000 and we expensed $132,000 of this assigned value and deferred $29,000 into mineral property costs. As permitted under the standard, we elected not to follow the fair value method of accounting for stock options granted for directors and employees. Had we followed the fair value method, an additional compensation cost of $1,664,000 would have been recorded.
Other income for 2002 was $701,000 compared to $192,000 in 2001. Investment income was $305,000 in 2002 compared to $176,000 in 2001. Lower short-term interest rates were more than offset by higher cash and investment balances. We recorded gains on the disposal of marketable securities in the amount of $544,000 in 2002. There were no gains in 2001. Interest expense for 2002 was $92,000 compared to $nil in 2001. During 2002, we issued a 10% US $1,340,000 convertible debenture in relation to our acquisition of a 43.4% interest in the Pirquitas property. By the end of the year, this debenture was converted to equity.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
3. FINANCIAL POSITION AND LIQUIDITY
Cash From Operations
Cash flow from operations was a usage of $3,303,000 in 2003, compared to usages of $2,250,000 in 2002 and $1,646,000 in 2001.
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Investing Activities
Total cash invested in mineral property costs including acquisitions over the last three years are detailed below:
The above table reflects cash expenditures by property. It does not include the value of shares issued for mineral properties and other non-cash charges.
Acquisitions
See Item 4.A General Background.
Marketable Securities
Other investing activities in 2003 included the purchase of $1,042,000 (2002 $527,000; 2001 nil) in marketable securities.
We sold certain of our marketable securities in 2002 to realize proceeds of $757,000 with a gain on the sale of $544,000. There were no similar sales in 2003 or 2001. At December 31, 2003, the quoted market value of the marketable securities was $9,730,000 (2002 $1,358,000) compared to the carried cost of $1,457,000 (2002 $313,000).
Financing Activities
During 2003, we raised a total of $13,229,000 from new equity compared to $26,725,000 in 2002 and $11,174,000 in 2001. Although there were no funds raised through private placements in 2003, we incurred $54,000 in share issuance costs. These costs related to registration costs for a private placement that closed in December 2002.
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In mid January 2004, we closed a private placement of 2,955,000 units at a price of $14.80 per unit for gross proceeds of $43,734,000. Each unit consists of one common share and one-half of one common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant is exercisable on payment of $18.50 into one of our common shares for a period of two years. Robert Quartermain, our President and one of our directors, acquired 25,000 units under the private placement. The common shares, the common share purchase warrants and the common shares deliverable upon exercise of any of the warrants have not been and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, and, subject to certain exceptions, may not be offered or sold within the United States. Finders fees of 5% in units, 5% in both cash and warrants (each whole warrant entitling the holder to acquire one common share for a period of two years at a price of $18.50) and 4.25% in cash are payable on various portions of the placement.
In addition, at December 31, 2003, the company had received $455,000 on the exercise of 92,900 common share purchase warrants. The common shares were not issued until subsequent to year-end.
Cash Resources and Liquidity
At December 31, 2003, we had working capital of $16,893,000. This working capital compares to $16,430,000 at the same time in 2002 and $5,520,000 in 2001.
We have planned expenditures on properties of approximately $8,200,000 in 2004, with other planned expenditures of $2,500,000 for administration, reclamation and capital programs. Many of the $8,200,000 in planned property expenditures are discretionary.
A summary of our contractual obligations is as follows:
With our strong working capital position, the closing of the $43,734,000 private placement in January 2004, our marketable securities and in-the-money warrants outstanding, we will be able to meet all of our obligations for the foreseeable future.
4. STRATEGY
Since 1990, demand for silver has exceeded the combination of silver mine supply and scrap recycling. To the end of 2003, surface stockpiles of silver which had accumulated during the 1970s and 1980s declined by more than 1.6 billion ounces. Since surface stockpiles are finite, we believe the gap between supply and demand must inevitably be met through higher silver prices that will encourage increased production. Since three-quarters of current mine supply of silver is a by-product of gold or base metal operations, the beneficiaries of higher silver prices will be companies focused primarily on silver.
We commenced acquiring and developing a diverse portfolio of silver-dominant properties in 1993 with the expectation that a pipeline of primary silver operations would be developed with increasing higher silver prices. Criteria for the acquisition of key projects have included: sufficient drilling to warrant a resource calculation, thereby reducing technical risk; a relatively low acquisition cost on a per resource ounce basis in order to enhance the economics of future operations; good exploration potential; metallurgy that favors low environmental impact when production commences; and limited environmental impact from any historic operations in order to minimize future contingencies or obligations.
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As our resource base has grown, and leverage on a per share basis has increased, our common shares have behaved like an open-ended call option or proxy on silver prices which has enhanced our ability to finance growth.
Since April of 2003, the Commodities Research Bureau Index for basic materials (which are priced in U.S. dollars), frequently used as an indicator of future inflation, has advanced close to 20%. The Index indicates stronger demand for basic materials worldwide as well as a 12% decline in the trade-weighted value of the U.S. dollar.
In the same time frame, spot silver prices have risen from approximately US$4.60 per ounce to US$6.90 per ounce, an increase of 50%. The combination of strong fundamentals for silver, strong demand for industrial metals, including silver, and devaluation of the U.S. dollar appear to be important factors in continued strengthening of silver prices.
As these higher silver prices have enhanced the economics of our projects, we must evaluate the most effective opportunities for deploying shareholder capital. Since the beginning of 2003, our market capitalization has more than tripled, indicating heightened interest in our prospects.
Depending on market conditions and our determination of the most effective use of shareholder capital, production financing may be provided from then current cash; equity and/or debt financing; sale of a partial property interest to another mining company in exchange for construction funding; or sale on non-core assets.
5. RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
6. IMPACT OF INFLATION
Currently, inflation in Canada is similar to that in the U.S. Inflation is not expected to have a material impact on us beyond the impact on all businesses generally, such as higher cost of materials, services and salaries.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
We are a mineral exploration company with no producing properties, the information required by this item is inapplicable.
D. Trend Information
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E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
F. Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations.
See Item 5.B Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Item 6 Directors, Senior Management and Employees
The following table lists as of April 30, 2003 the names of our directors and senior management. Each of the directors and senior officers has served in his or her respective capacity since his or her election and/or appointment and will serve until the next annual general meeting of shareholders or until a successor is duly elected, unless the office is vacated in accordance with our Articles.
Table No. 27Our Directors and Senior Management
(1) Member of the Audit Committee
(2) Resident of Canada
(3) Member of the Compensation Committee
Our Board of Directors and Senior Management
The following is a brief description of the principal business activities of our directors and senior management:
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Robert A. Quartermain
Mr. Quartermain is responsible for our day to day operations as well as strategic planning and the raising of capital to fund our operations. Mr. Quartermain devotes approximately 95% of his time to our business. The remainder of Mr. Quartermains time is divided equally between Canplats Resources Corporation (Canplats) and Radiant Resources Inc., formerly known as Pacific Sapphire Company Ltd., (Radiant). We have employed Mr. Quartermain in this capacity since January 1985 and have entered into an employment agreement with him. See Executive Compensation Employment Agreements
Mr. Quartermain graduated in 1977 from University of New Brunswick with a Bachelor of Science Degree in geology and from Queens University in 1981 with a Master of Science Degree in mineral exploration and is a registered member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia. From 1976 to 1982 he worked for the Geological Survey of Canada and in private industry on mapping and exploration programs. Mr. Quartermain also worked for Teck Corp. before becoming president of the Company in 1985. Mr. Quartermain serves as a director and officer of Radiant and as a director of Canplats, IAMGold Corporation (formerly Repadre Capital Corporation), Vista Gold Corporation, Rare Element Resources Ltd. (formerly Paso Rico Resources Ltd.), Esperenza Silver Corporation (formerly Reliant Ventures Ltd.) and Strathmore Minerals Corp.
R.E. Gordon Davis
Mr. Davis graduated with a Bachelor of Applied Science Degree in Geological Engineering in 1962 and is a registered member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia. He was a Director and Senior Executive with Dynasty Explorations Ltd. and its successor corporation, Cyprus Anvil Mining Corporation from 1964 to 1982. Since 1982, Mr. Davis has been a director of a number of resource companies including Pine Point Mines Ltd., Cabre Exploration Ltd., Golden Knight Resources Inc. and Northern Crown Mines Ltd. In addition, Mr. Davis has been a director of Canplats since October 1999 and President of Canplats since March 2000, a mineral resource exploration company whose shares are listed on the TSX Venture Exchange.
David L. Johnston
Mr. Johnston is a registered member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia with a lengthy career in senior management at Canadian major mining companies. Prior to his election to our board, Mr. Johnston was president and general manager from 1996 to 2000 of Highland Valley Copper Corporation, operator of North Americas third largest open pit copper mine. From 1990 to 1996, he served as vice president of Cominco Metals and from 1985 to 1990, he was president of Pine Point Mines Limited, operator of a significant open pit lead-zinc mine in Canadas Northwest Territories.
William Meyer
Mr. Meyer was formerly vice president, exploration for Teck Corporation and president of Teck Exploration Ltd. He graduated from the University of British Columbia with a Bachelor of Science Degree in geology in 1962. After graduation, he was employed as an exploration geologist with Phelps Dodge Corporation of Canada and later as senior geologist with Gibraltar Mines Ltd. In 1967, he joined the consulting firm of Western Geological Services as a partner and in 1975 formed his own consulting firm, W. Meyer and Associates. Mr. Meyer joined Teck Corporation in 1979 as exploration manager for Western Canada and the United States. In 1991, he was appointed vice president, exploration, for Teck Corporation responsible for the direction of exploration activities for Teck and its associated companies worldwide. He retired from Teck in 1999. Mr Meyer is also a director of Minco Mining and Metals Corporation, GGL Diamond Corporation, Cantech Ventures Inc., Transamerica Resources Corporation and Lysander Minerals Corp.
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Catherine McLeod-Seltzer
Ms. McLeod-Seltzer has been President and director of Pacific Rim Mining Corp. a Toronto Stock Exchange listed mining company, since 1997. She is also Co-Chairman and a director of Stornoway Ventures Ltd. and a director of, Bear Creek Mining Corporation and Miramar Mining Corp. Ms. McLeod-Seltzer graduated from Trinity Western University in 1984 with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Business Administration.
Linda J. Sue
Ms. Sue devotes approximately 90% of her time to our business, with the remainder of her time split between Canplats and Radiant. Ms. Sue has been employed by us since 1981. Her responsibilities include management of our land titles system.
Ross A. Mitchell
Mr. Mitchell devotes approximately 90% of his time to our business, with the remainder of his time split between Canplats and Radiant. Prior to his appointment in 1996, Mr. Mitchell was employed by Westmin Resources and its predecessor Western Mines Ltd. from 1975. He held various financial positions including controller treasurer of Western Mines from 1975 to 1980 and assistant treasurer and controller of the mining division at Westmin until 1985. He was then appointed treasurer of Westmin and became vice president and treasurer in 1989, the position he held until 1995. He earned a Bachelor of Commerce Degree from the University of British Columbia in 1971 and a C.A. from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of British Columbia in 1973.
Kenneth C. McNaughton
Mr. McNaughton devotes approximately 75% of his time to our business, with the remainder of his time allocated to Canplats. Mr. McNaughton earned a Bachelor of Applied Science Degree and Master of Applied Science Degree in geological engineering in 1981 and 1983, respectively, from the University of Windsor and is a registered member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia. Before joining Silver Standard, he worked as contract engineer for Oretech Engineering and worked on exploration programs for three bulk mineable gold or copper/gold deposits in Arizona and British Columbia. From 1984 to 1989, he was employed by Corona Corporation and its affiliate Mascot Gold Mines Ltd. as a project geologist and engineer for projects in British Columbia.
Joseph J. Ovsenek
Mr. Ovsenek devotes 95% of his time to our business, with the remainder of his time allocated to Canplats. Mr. Ovsenek has served in this capacity since February 2003. Mr. Ovsenek graduated from the University of British Columbia with a Bachelor of Applied Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1983 and from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Laws Degree in 1989 and is a registered member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia. Prior to joining us, he was a partner with the law firm of Bragagnolo & Ovsenek, Solicitors.
There are no family relationships among the members of our board of directors or the members of our senior management.
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B. Compensation
We have no formal plan for compensating our directors for their services in their capacity as directors. The board of directors may award special remuneration to any director undertaking any special services on our behalf other than services ordinarily required of a director. Other than indicated below, no director received any compensation for his or her services as a director, including committee participation and/or special assignments.
Compensation of Named Executive Officers
We currently have three named executive officers, Robert Quartermain, our President, Joe Ovsenek, our Senior Vice President and Ken McNaughton, our Vice President, Exploration (the Named Executive Officers). The following table sets out the compensation awarded, paid to or earned by our Named Executive Officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003:
Table No. 28Summary Compensation Table
Represents life and medical insurance payments made and contributions made to our Group RRSP plan. Under this plan, Mr. McNaughton contributes 6% of his monthly earnings and we contribute 5.5%. We contributed a total of $4,958 in 2003.
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Table No. 29Options Granted for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2003
(1) Each option is exercisable into one common share in our capital stock.
Aggregated Option Exercises in Last Financial Year and Financial Year-End Option Values
The following table sets out details of all exercises of stock options during the year ended December 31, 2003 by the Named Executive Officers and the financial year-end value of unexercised options on an aggregated basis:
Table No. 30Option Exercises / Year-End Option Values
Number of our common shares acquired on the exercise of stock options.
Calculated using the closing prices for a board lot of our common shares on the TSX Venture Exchange on day prior to day of exercise.
Value using the closing price of our common shares on the TSX Venture Exchange on December 31, 2003 of $14.49 per share, less the exercise price per share.
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Compensation to Directors and Executive Officers
Total compensation for all directors and senior officers during the year ended December 31, 2003 totalled $652,300.
Executive Benefits
We have not instituted any pension plans or retirement benefit plans, other than a group RRSP, and none are proposed at this time. Other than as disclosed in this Annual Report, we have not paid any additional compensation to our directors and senior officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.
Employment Agreements
We engaged Robert A. Quartermain to act as our chief executive officer under an agreement dated January 1, 2003. The agreement provides for Mr. Quartermain to receive a base salary of $180,000 per year for a period of one year to be renewed for further one-year terms on agreement between the parties. Mr. Quartermain must devote at least 20 days per month in performance of his duties and responsibilities with any additional time compensated at a rate of $500 per day or equivalent time off. Upon termination, Mr. Quartermain may receive, depending on the circumstances, a payment of up to two times his base salary. Effective January 1, 2004, we entered into a further agreement with Mr. Quartermain to act as our chief executive officer. The agreement provides for Mr. Quartermain to receive a base salary of $200,000 per year for a period of two years to be renewed for further one-year terms on agreement between the parties. Upon termination, Mr. Quartermain may receive, depending on the circumstances, a payment of up to two times his base salary.
Options to Purchase Securities from Company or Subsidiaries
Options Outstanding
Stock Options to purchase our securities are granted to our directors and employees on terms and conditions acceptable to the regulatory authorities in Canada, notably the TSX Venture Exchange (the Exchange). At our annual general meeting held on May 14, 2003, our shareholders approved the adoption of a stock option plan that reserves for issuance up to a maximum of 8% (including existing stock options) of our issued and outstanding shares on the exercise of incentive stock options. We did not have formal stock option plan before such date.
Under our stock option plan, (a) stock options in favor of any one individual may not exceed 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock, (b) no stock option is transferable by the optionee other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, (c) a stock option is exercisable during the lifetime of the optionee only by such optionee, (d) the maximum term of each stock option is five years, with the vesting period determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors and (e) the minimum exercise price for a stock option is the last closing price of our common shares on the TSX Venture Exchange immediately preceding the granting of the option.
The number of stock options and the number of common shares subject to such stock options granted to executive officers as a group, directors who are not executive officers as a group and employees and consultants as a group are set out below as of December 31, 2003. The exercise price of the stock options is stated in Canadian dollars.
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Table No. 31Outstanding Stock Options
In addition, as at December 31, 2003, we had the following outstanding share purchase warrants, with each share purchase warrant entitling the holder thereof to acquire one of our common shares:
Table No. 32Outstanding Share Purchase Warrants
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C. Board Practices
Our directors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual general meeting of our shareholders or until their successors in office are duly elected or appointed. We do not have an executive committee. All directors are elected for a one-year term. All officers serve at the pleasure of the Board. The next annual general meeting of our shareholders has been called for June 15, 2004.
Our Board of Directors has two committees: the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. The members of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee do not have any fixed terms for holding their positions, are appointed and replaced from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors and do not receive any separate remuneration for acting as members of the committees.
The Audit Committee, comprised of R.E. Gordon Davis, William Meyer and Catherine McLeod-Seltzer, has the responsibility of, among other things, reviewing with management and our independent auditors our annual financial statements and related footnotes, management's discussion and analysis and the annual information form, for the purpose of recommending approval by the Board of Directors. Each of the members of the Audit Committee is an independent director.
The Compensation Committee, comprised of R.E. Gordon Davis, William Meyer and Catherine McLeod-Seltzer, has the responsibility for determining executive and management direct remuneration and stock options. The Presidents function in relation to the Compensation Committee is to make specific recommendations on remuneration with supporting commentary on individual performance and industry standards. Each of the members of the Compensation Committee is an independent director.
Currently, we do not have service contracts with any of our directors or those of our subsidiaries providing for benefits upon termination of employment, other than Mr. Quartermains employment agreement in respect of his engagement as our chief executive officer (see Item 6.B Compensation).
D. Employees
At our corporate head office in Vancouver, we had 10 full and 3 part-time employees as at December 31, 2003, including the members of senior management, three of whom, one full time and two part time, were involved in shareholder and investor communications, three of whom were responsible for project exploration, four of whom carried out our management and executive functions and three of whom, two full time and one part time, provided administrative support. We had 12 (nine full and three part-time) employees, including the members of senior management, as at December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001, respectively.
E. Share Ownership
The following table sets out, as of April 28, 2004 the number of our common shares beneficially owned by the Named Executive Officers, whom, to our knowledge, possess sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares shown.
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Table No. 33Named Executive Officers Share Ownership
*includes options and warrants exercisable within 60 days.
As at April 28, 2004, our directors and officers held, as a group, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of 304,000 common shares and 6,500 share purchase warrants exercisable at a price of $4.80 per share until May 10, 2004 and 12,500 share purchase warrants exercisable at a price of $18.50 per share until January 15, 2006.
The number of stock options and the number of common shares subject to such stock options granted to the Named Executive Officers are set out below as of April 30, 2004. The exercise price of the stock options is stated in Canadian dollars.
Table No. 34Named Executive Officers Stock Options
Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
To the best of our knowledge at the date of this Annual Report, no shareholder directly or indirectly owns more than 5% of our issued shares.
Prior to mid-2000, Teck Corporation was a major shareholder. During the past three years, Teck Corporation has reduced its shareholdings from 2,275,721 on April 30, 2000 to nil on April 30, 2003.
To the best of our knowledge, we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person severally or jointly.
Our common stock is issued in registered form and the following information is taken from the records of Computershare Trust Company of Canada (located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), the registrar and transfer agent for the common stock.
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On December 31, 2003, the shareholders list for our common stock showed 2,796 registered shareholders and 42,604,832 shares outstanding. 970 of these registered shareholders were U.S. residents, owning 18,024,042 shares representing 42.3% of our issued and outstanding shares.
Since January 1, 2003, we have entered or have proposed to enter into the following transactions that have materially affected or will materially affect us in which any director, executive officer, or beneficial holder of more than 10% of the outstanding common stock, or any of their respective relatives, spouses, associates or affiliates has had or will have any direct or material indirect interest.
We provide administrative and technical services under arrangements with Canplats Resources Corporation, a publicly traded company with two common directors (Robert A. Quartermain and R.E. Gordon Davis), and Radiant Resource Inc. (formerly Pacific Sapphire Company Ltd.), a publicly traded company with one common director (Robert A. Quartermain). Under these arrangements, we are reimbursed for providing administrative and technical services, including the salaries and benefits of senior officers and staff.
In addition, Robert A. Quartermain, our President and one of our directors, participated in a private placement of our units in January 2004 (see Item 5.B Liquidity and Capital Resources).
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Exchange Act, and, as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this sub-item.
Item 8 Financial Information
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in Canadian dollars (Cdn$) and are prepared in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"), which differ in certain respects from those principles that we would have followed had our audited consolidated financial statements been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The major measurement differences between Canadian and US GAAP, as they affect us, are disclosed in note 18 to the audited consolidated financial statements.
Exhibited hereto are audited consolidated financial statements prepared by our management, audited by an independent auditor and accompanied by an audit report:
Auditors Report, dated February 20, 2004.
Consolidated Balance Sheets as at December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002 (in Canadian Dollars).
Consolidated Statements of Loss and Deficit for the years ended December 31, 2003, December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001 (in Canadian Dollars).
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001 (in Canadian Dollars).
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2003, December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001 (in Canadian Dollars).
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We have not paid dividends in the past five years and do not expect to pay dividends in the near future. Our present policy is to retain future earnings for use in our operations and the expansion of our business.
B. Significant Changes
No significant changes have occurred since the date of our most recent audited financial statements, December 31, 2003, other than the following:
we completed a private placement of 2,955,000 of our units at a price of $14.80 per unit, with each unit comprised of one of our common shares and one-half of one common share purchase warrant exercisable for a period of two years at a price of $18.50 per share; and
to March 31, 2004, we have received $7,721,000 due to the issuance of 1,614,887 common shares relating to the exercising of stock options and warrants.
Item 9 The Offer and Listing
A. Offer and Listing Details
Our common stock is listed on the TSX Venture Exchange (the TSX) (formerly known as the Canadian Venture Exchange Inc., the successor exchange resulting from the merger of the Vancouver Stock Exchange and Alberta Stock Exchange effective November 29, 1999) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, having the trading symbol SSO and CUSIP #82823L-10-6 and is quoted on Nasdaq SmallCap Market with the symbol SSRI. Our common stock commenced trading on the Vancouver Stock Exchange in 1947 and was first quoted on Nasdaq SmallCap Market on August 1, 1996.
The following tables set out the reported high and low prices for (a) the five most recent fiscal years; (b) each quarterly period for the past two fiscal years and for the first quarter of 2004; and (c) each month for the past six months.
Table No. 35High and Low Price for the Five Most Recent Fiscal Yearson the TSX (Cdn$'s)
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Table No. 36High and Low Price for the Five Most Recent Fiscal Yearson the Nasdaq SmallCap Market (US$'s)
Table No. 37High and Low Prices for each Quarterly Period for the Past Two Fiscal Yearsand for the First Quarter of 2004 on the TSX (Cdn$'s)
Table No. 38High and Low Prices for each Quarterly Period for the Past Two Fiscal Yearsand for the First Quarter of 2004 on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market (US$'s)
Table No. 39High and Low Prices for each Month for the Past Six Months on the TSX (Cdn$'s)
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Table No. 40High and Low Prices for each Month for the Past Six Monthson the Nasdaq SmallCap Market (US$'s)
B. Plan of Distribution
C. Markets
See the first paragraph of this Item 9.
D. Selling Shareholders
E. Dilution
F. Expenses of the Issue
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Item 10 Additional Information
A. Share Capital
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Incorporation
We were incorporated in British Columbia, Canada, under Certificate of Incorporation number 21492 on December 11, 1946. We do not have any stated objects or purposes as such are not required by the corporate laws of the Province of British Columbia. Rather, we are, by such corporate laws, entitled to carry on any activities whatsoever, which are not specifically precluded by other statutory provisions of the Province of British Columbia.
Powers and Functions of the Directors
The powers and functions of the directors are set out in our Articles which were adopted and filed July 12, 1979. They provide:
a director is obligated to disclose his potential interest in a proposal, arrangement or contract being considered by us, and may not vote on any proposal, arrangement or contract proposed, but such director shall be counted in the quorum at the meeting of the directors at which the proposal, arrangement or contract is approved;
the directors may, in the absence of an independent quorum, vote compensation to themselves;
there are no limitations on the exercise by the directors of our borrowing powers;
there are no provisions for the retirement or non-retirement of directors under an age limit; and
there is no requirement for a director to hold any of our shares.
Rights and Restrictions Attached to the Shares
As all of our authorized and issued shares are of one class there are no special rights or restrictions of any nature or kind attached to any of the shares. All authorized and issued shares rank equally in respect to the declaration and receipt of dividends, the rights to share in any profits or surplus on our liquidation, dissolution or winding. Each share has attached to it one non-cumulative vote.
Alteration of Share Rights
To alter the rights of holders of our issued shares such alteration must be approved by the majority vote of 75% of our issued shares attending and voting at a meeting of our shareholders.
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Annual General Meetings
Annual general meetings are called and scheduled upon decision by the Board of Directors. The directors may convene an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders. The holders of not less than 5% of our issued shares may requisition an extraordinary meeting of the shareholders. All meetings of the shareholders may be attended by registered shareholders or persons who hold powers of attorney or proxies given to them by registered shareholders.
Foreign Ownership Limitations
Our Memorandum and Articles do not contain limitations prohibiting shares being held by non-residents, foreigners or any other group.
Change of Control
There are no provisions in our Memorandum and Articles that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control, or that would operate with respect to any proposed merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring.
Share Ownership Reporting Obligations
There are no provisions in our Memorandum and Articles requiring share ownership to be disclosed. The securities laws of the Province of British Columbia require disclosure of shareholdings by:
persons who are our directors or senior officers; and
a person who has direct or indirect beneficial ownership of, control or direction over, or a combination of direct or indirect beneficial ownership of and control or direction over our securities carrying more than 10% of the voting rights attached to all of our outstanding voting securities.
Differences from U.S. Law
The threshold of share ownership percentage requiring disclosure of ownership is higher in the home jurisdiction of British Columbia than the U.S. where U.S. securities law prescribes a 5% threshold for ownership disclosure.
C. Material Contracts
The following is a summary of each material contract, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which we or any member of the group is a party, for the two years immediately preceding publication of the document, including dates, parties, general nature of the contracts, terms and conditions, and amount of any consideration passing to or from us or any other member of the group.
Finders fee agreement dated May 1, 2002 between Silver Standard and Global Resource Investments Ltd. in respect of the private placement of 1,152,000 units of Silver Standard. Under the finders fee agreement, Silver Standard issued 80,640 units to Global in consideration of services provided in respect of such private placement. For disclosure as to this agreement, please see Item 5.B Liquidity and Capital Resources under the heading Events in 2002 Private Placement of our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
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Purchase agreement dated June 21, 2002 among Stonehill Institutional Partners, L.P., Stonehill Offshore Partners Limited, Stonehill Capital Management, LLC and Silver Standard. See Item 4.B under the heading Pirquitas Project for a description of the purchase agreement.
Letter agreement dated November 7, 2002 among Vista Gold Corporation, Vista Nevada Corp. and Silver Standard. See Item 4.B under the heading Maverick Springs Project for a description of the letter agreement.
Royalty purchase agreement dated December 2, 2002 between Pan American Silver Corporation and Silver Standard. See Item 4.B Business Overview under the heading Manantial Espejo Project for a description of the purchase agreement.
Purchase agreement dated November 27, 2002 among Imperial Metals Corporation, Silvertip Mining Corporation and Silver Standard. See Item 4.B under the heading Silvertip Property for a description of the purchase agreement.
Exploration and development agreement dated June 9, 2003 among Vista Gold Corporation, Vista Nevada Corp. and Maverick Silver Inc. See Item 4.B under the heading Maverick Springs Project for a description of the exploration and development agreement.
Purchase agreement dated June 9, 2003 among Northern Hemisphere Development Corp., Aber Diamond Corporation and Silver Standard. See Item 4.B under the heading Sunrise Lake for a description of the purchase agreement.
Option agreement dated March 31, 2004 among Sociedad Minera Berenguela S.A., Fossores Ltd., Silver Standard Peru S.A. and Silver Standard. See Item 4.B under the heading Berenguela Project for a description of the purchase agreement.
Funding agreement dated March 31, 2004 among Fossores Ltd. and Silver Standard. See Item 4.B under the heading Berenguela Project for a description of the purchase agreement.
Exchange Controls and Investment Canada Act
Canada has no system of exchange controls. There are no exchange restrictions on borrowing from foreign countries nor on the remittance of dividends, interest, royalties and similar payments, management fees, loan repayments, settlement of trade debts, or the repatriation of capital. Any such remittances to United States residents, however, may be subject to a withholding tax pursuant to the Canadian Income Tax Act as modified by the reciprocal tax treaty between Canada and the United States. See Item 10 E, Taxation.
The Investment Canada Act (the Act), enacted on June 20, 1985, requires prior notification to the Government of Canada on the acquisition of control of Canadian businesses by non-Canadians, as defined in the Act. Certain acquisitions of control, discussed below, are reviewed by the Government of Canada. The term acquisition of control is defined as any one or more non-Canadian persons acquiring all or substantially all of the assets used in the Canadian business, or the acquisition of the voting shares of a Canadian corporation carrying on the Canadian business or the acquisition of the voting interests of an entity controlling or carrying on the Canadian business. The acquisition of the majority of the outstanding shares is deemed to be an acquisition of control of a corporation. The acquisition of less than a majority, but one-third or more, of the voting shares of a corporation is presumed to be an acquisition of control of a corporation unless it can be established that the purchaser will not control the corporation.
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Investments requiring notification and review are all direct acquisitions of Canadian businesses with assets of C$5,000,000 or more (subject to the comments below on WTO investors), and all indirect acquisitions of Canadian businesses (subject to the comments below on WTO investors) with assets of more than C$50,000,000 or with assets of between C$5,000,000 and C$50,000,000 which represent more than 50% of the value of the total international transaction. In addition, specific acquisitions or new businesses in designated types of business activities related to Canadas cultural heritage or national identity could be reviewed if the Government of Canada considers that it is in the public interest to do so.
The Act was amended with the implementation of the Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) to provide for special review thresholds for WTO investors, as defined in the Act. WTO investor generally means (i) an individual, other than a Canadian, who is a national or a WTO member (such as, for example, the United States), or who has the right of permanent residence in relation to that WTO member, (ii) governments of WTO members, and (iii) entities that are not Canadian controlled, but which are WTO investor controlled, as determined by rules specified in the Act. The special review thresholds for WTO investors do not apply, and the general rules described above do apply, to the acquisition of control of certain types of businesses specified in the Act, including a business that is a cultural business. If the WTO investor rules apply, an investment in our shares by or from a WTO investor will be reviewable only if it is an investment to acquire control of Silver Standard and the value of our assets is equal to or greater than a specified amount (the WTO Review Threshold). The WTO Review Threshold is adjusted annually by a formula relating to increases in the nominal gross domestic product of Canada. The 2000 WTO Review Threshold is C$192,000,000.
If any non-Canadian, whether or not a WTO investor, acquires control of Silver Standard by the acquisition of shares, but the transaction is not reviewable as described above, the non-Canadian is required to notify the Canadian government and to provide certain basic information relating to the investment. A non-Canadian, whether or not a WTO investor, is also required to provide a notice to the government on the establishment of a new Canadian business. If our business is then a prescribed type of business activity related to Canadas cultural heritage or national identity, and if the Canadian government considers it to be in the public interest to do so, then the Canadian government may give notice in writing within 21 days requiring the investment to be reviewed.
For non-Canadians (other than WTO investors), an indirect acquisition of control, by the acquisition of voting interests of an entity that directly or indirectly controls Silver Standard, is reviewable if the value of our assets is then C$50,000,000 or more. If the WTO investor rules apply, then this requirement does not apply to a WTO investor, or to a person acquiring the entity from a WTO investor. Special rules specified in the Act apply if the value of our assets is more than 50% of the value of the entity so acquired. By these special rules, if the non-Canadian (whether or not a WTO investor) is acquiring control of an entity that directly or indirectly controls Silver Standard, and the value of our assets and all other entities carrying on business in Canada, calculated in the manner provided in the Act and the regulations under the Act, is more than 50% of the value, calculated in the manner provided in the Act and the regulations under the Act, of the assets of all entities, the control of which is acquired, directly or indirectly, in the transition of which the acquisition of control of Silver Standard forms a part, then the thresholds for a direct acquisition of control as discussed above will apply, that is, a WTO Review Threshold of C$192,000,000 (in 2000) for a WTO investor or a threshold of C$5,000,000 for a non-Canadian other than a WTO investor. If the value exceeds that level, then the transaction must be reviewed in the same manner as a direct acquisition of control by the purchase of our shares.
If an investment is reviewable, an application for review in the form prescribed by the regulations is normally required to be filed with the Director appointed under the Act (the Director) prior to the investment taking place and the investment may not be consummated until the review has been completed. There are, however, certain exceptions. Applications concerning indirect acquisitions may be filed up to 30 days after the investment is consummated and applications concerning reviewable investments in culture-sensitive sectors are required upon receipt of a notice for review. In addition, the Minister (a person designated as such under the Act) may permit an investment to be consummated prior to completion of the review, if he is satisfied that delay would cause undue hardship to the acquirer or jeopardize the operations of the Canadian business that is being acquired. The Director will submit the application to the Minister, together with any other information or written undertakings given by the acquirer and any representation submitted to the Director by a province that is likely to be significantly affected by the investment.
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The Minister will then determine whether the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada, taking into account the information provided and having regard to certain factors of assessment where they are relevant. Some of the factors to be considered are (i) the effect of the investment on the level and nature of economic activity in Canada, including the effect on employment, on resource processing, and on the utilization of parts, components and services produced in Canada; (ii) the effect of the investment on exports from Canada; (iii) the degree and significance of participation by Canadians in the Canadian business and in any industry in Canada of which it forms a part; (iv) the effect of the investment on productivity, industrial efficiency, technological development, product innovation and product variety in Canada; (v) the effect of the investment on competition within any industry or industries in Canada; (vi) the compatibility of the investment with national industrial, economic and cultural policies; (vii) the compatibility of the investment with national industrial, economic and cultural policies taking into consideration industrial, economic and cultural objectives enunciated by the government or legislature of any province likely to be significantly affected by the investment; and (viii) the contribution of the investment to Canadas ability to compete in world markets.
The Act sets certain time limits for the Director and the Minister. Within 45 days after a completed application has been received, the Minister must notify the acquirer that (a) he is satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada, or (b) he is unable to complete his review, in which case he shall have 30 additional days to complete his review (unless the acquirer agrees to a longer period), or (c) he is not satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada.
Where the Minister has advised the acquirer that he is not satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada, the acquirer has the right to make representations and submit undertakings within 30 days of the date of the notice (or any further period that is agreed upon between the acquirer and the Minister). On the expiration of the 30 day period (or the agreed extension), the Minister must quickly notify the acquirer (i) that he is now satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada or (ii) that he is not satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada. In the latter case, the acquirer may not proceed with the investment or, if the investment has already been consummated, must divest itself of control of the Canadian business.
The Act provides civil remedies for non-compliance with any provision. There are also criminal penalties for breach of confidentiality or providing false information.
E. Taxation
A brief description of certain provisions of the tax treaty between Canada and the United States is included below, together with a brief outline of certain taxes, including withholding provisions, to which United States security holders are subject under existing laws and regulations of Canada. The consequences, if any, of provincial, state and local taxes are not considered.
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The Company recommends security holders seek the advice of their own tax advisors, tax counsel or accountants with respect to the applicability or effect on their own individual circumstances of the matters referred to herein and of any provincial, state or local taxes.
Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences
The discussion under this heading summarizes the principal Canadian federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of shares of common stock of the Company for a shareholder of the Company who is not a resident of Canada but is a resident of the United States and who will acquire and hold shares of common stock of the Company as capital property for the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the Canadian Tax Act). This summary does not apply to a shareholder who carries on business in Canada through a permanent establishment situated in Canada or performs independent personal services in Canada through a fixed base in Canada if the shareholders holding in the Company is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. This summary is based on the provisions of the Canadian Tax Act and the regulations thereunder and on an understanding of the administrative practices of Revenue Canada, and takes into account all specific proposals to amend the Canadian Tax Act or regulations made by the Minister of Finance of Canada as of the date hereof. It has been assumed that there will be no other relevant amendment of any governing law although no assurance can be given in this respect. The Company recommends security holders seek the advice of their own Canadian and U.S. tax advisors.
The provisions of the Canadian Tax Act are subject to income tax treaties to which Canada is a party, including the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980), as amended (the Convention).
Dividends on Common Shares and Other Income
Under the Canadian Tax Act, a non-resident of Canada is generally subject to Canadian withholding tax at the rate of 25% on dividends paid or deemed to have been paid to him or her by a corporation resident in Canada. The Convention limits the rate to 15 percent if the shareholder is a resident of the United States and the dividends are beneficially owned by and paid to such shareholder, and to 5 percent if the shareholder is also a corporation that beneficially owns at least 10 percent of the voting stock of the payor corporation.
The amount of a stock dividend (for tax purposes) would generally be equal to the amount by which the paid up or stated capital of the Company had increased by reason of the payment of such dividend. The Company will furnish additional tax information to shareholders in the event of such a dividend. Interest paid or deemed to be paid on the Companys debt securities held by non-Canadian residents may also be subject to Canadian withholding tax, depending upon the terms and provisions of such securities and any applicable tax treaty.
The Convention generally exempts from Canadian income tax dividends paid to a religious, scientific, literary, educational or charitable organization or to an organization constituted and operated exclusively to administer a pension, retirement or employee benefit fund or plan, if the organization is a resident of the United States and is exempt from income tax under the laws of the United States.
Dispositions of Common Shares
Under the Canadian Tax Act, a taxpayers capital gain or capital loss from a disposition of a share of common stock of the Company is the amount, if any, by which his or her proceeds of disposition exceed (or are exceeded by, respectively) the aggregate of his or her adjusted cost base of the share and reasonable expenses of disposition. The capital gain or loss must be computed in Canadian currency using a weighted average adjusted cost base for identical properties. One-half of a capital gain (the taxable capital gain) is included in income, and one-half of a capital loss in a year (the allowable capital loss) is deductible from taxable capital gains realized in the same year. The amount by which a shareholders allowable capital loss exceeds the taxable capital gain in a year may be deducted from a taxable capital gain realized by the shareholder in the three previous years or any subsequent year, subject to certain restrictions in the case of a corporate shareholder and subject to adjustment when the capital gains inclusion rate in the year of disposition differs from the inclusion rate in the year the deduction is claimed.
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If a share of common stock of the Company is disposed of to the Company other than in the open market in the manner in which shares would normally be purchased by the public, the proceeds of disposition will, in general terms, be considered as limited to the paid-up capital of the share and the balance of the price paid will be deemed to be a dividend. In the case of a shareholder that is a corporation, the amount of any capital loss otherwise determined may be reduced, in certain circumstances, by the amount of dividends previously received in respect of the shares disposed of, unless the corporation owned the shares for at least 365 days prior to sustaining the loss and (together with corporations, persons and other entities, with whom the corporation was not dealing at arms length) did not own more than five percent of the shares of any class of the corporation from which the dividend was received. These loss limitation rules may also apply where a corporation is a member of a partnership or a beneficiary of a trust that owned the shares disposed of.
Under the Canadian Tax Act, a non-resident of Canada is subject to Canadian tax on taxable capital gains, and may deduct allowable capital losses, realized on a disposition of taxable Canadian property. Shares of common stock of the Company will constitute taxable Canadian property of a shareholder at a particular time if the shareholder used the shares in carrying on business in Canada, or if at any time in the five years immediately preceding the disposition 25 percent or more of the issued shares of any class or series in the capital stock of the Company belonged to one or more persons in a group comprising the shareholder and persons with whom the shareholder did not deal at arms length and in certain other circumstances. Corporations disposing of taxable Canadian property must file a Canadian tax return to report the disposition.
The Convention relieves United States residents from liability for Canadian tax on capital gains derived on a disposition of shares unless:
the value of the shares is derived principally from real property in Canada, including the right to explore for or exploit natural resources and rights to amounts computed by reference to production;
the shareholder was resident in Canada for 120 months during any period of 20 consecutive years preceding, and at any time during the 10 years immediately preceding, the disposition and the shares were owned by him when he or she ceased to be resident in Canada; or
the shares formed part of the business property of a permanent establishment that the holder has or had in Canada within the 12 months preceding the disposition.
United States Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is a general discussion of certain possible United States federal income tax consequences, under current law, generally applicable to a U.S. Holder (as hereinafter defined) of common shares of the Company. This discussion does not address all potentially relevant federal income tax matters and it does not address consequences peculiar to persons subject to special provisions of federal income tax law, such as those described below as excluded from the definition of a U.S. Holder. In addition, this discussion does not cover any state, local or foreign tax consequences (see Taxation Certain Canadian Federal Tax Consequences above).
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The following discussion is based upon the sections of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), Treasury Regulations, published Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rulings, published administrative positions of the IRS and court decisions that are currently applicable, any or all of which could be materially and adversely changed, possibly on a retroactive basis, at any time and which are subject to differing interpretations. This discussion does not consider the potential effects, both adverse and beneficial, of any proposed legislation which, if enacted, could be applied, possibly on a retroactive basis, at any time. The Company recommends holders and prospective holders of common shares of the Company consult their own tax advisors about the federal, state, local, and foreign tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of common shares of the Company.
U.S. Holders
As used herein, a U.S. Holder means a holder of common shares of the Company who is (i) a citizen or individual resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or partnership created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof, (iii) an estate whose income is taxable in the United States irrespective of source or (iv) a trust subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and control of a United States fiduciary as described Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code. This summary does not address the tax consequences to, and U.S. Holder does not include, persons subject to specific provisions of federal income tax law, such as tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts and other tax-deferred accounts, financial institutions, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, broker-dealers, persons or entities that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, shareholders subject to the alternative minimum tax, shareholders who hold common shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion transaction, constructive sale or other arrangement involving more than one position, and shareholders who acquired their common shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services. This summary is limited to U.S. Holders who own common shares as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. This summary does not address the consequences to a person or entity holding an interest in a shareholder or the consequences to a person of the ownership, exercise or disposition of any options, warrants or other rights to acquire common shares.
Distribution on Common Shares of the Company
U.S. Holders receiving dividend distributions (including constructive dividends) with respect to common shares of the Company are required to include in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes the gross amount of such distributions, equal to the U.S. dollar value of such distributions on the date of receipt (based on the exchange rate on such date), to the extent that the Company has current or accumulated earnings and profits, without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distributions. Such Canadian tax withheld may be credited, subject to certain limitations, against the U.S. Holders federal income tax liability or, alternatively, may be deducted in computing the U.S. Holders federal taxable income by those who itemize deductions. (See more detailed discussion at Foreign Tax Credit below). To the extent that distributions exceed current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Company, they will be treated first as a return of capital up to the U.S. Holders adjusted basis in the common shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of the common shares. Preferential tax rates for long-term capital gains are applicable to a U.S. Holder which is an individual, estate or trust. There are currently no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gains for a U.S. Holder which is a corporation.
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In the case of foreign currency received as a dividend that is not converted by the recipient into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Generally any gain or loss recognized upon a subsequent sale or other disposition of the foreign currency, including the exchange for U.S. dollars, will be ordinary income or loss. However, an individual whose realized gain does not exceed $200 will not recognize that gain, to the extent that there are no expenses associated with the transaction that meet the requirements for deductibility as a trade or business expense (other than travel expenses in connection with a business trip) or as an expense for the production of income.
Dividends paid on the common shares of the Company generally will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction provided to corporations receiving dividends from certain United States corporations. A U.S. Holder which is a corporation and which owns shares representing at least 10% of the voting power and value of the Company may, under certain circumstances, be entitled to a 70% (or 80% if the U.S. Holder owns shares representing at least 20% of the voting power and value of the Company) deduction of the United States source portion of dividends received from the Company (unless the Company qualifies as a foreign personal holding company or a passive foreign investment company, as defined below). The availability of this deduction is subject to several complex limitations which are beyond the scope of this discussion.
Under current Treasury Regulations, dividends paid on the Companys common shares, if any, generally will not be subject to information reporting and generally will not be subject to U.S. backup withholding tax. However, dividends and the proceeds from a sale of the Companys common shares paid in the U.S. through a U.S. or U.S. related paying agent (including a broker) will be subject to U.S. information reporting requirements and may also be subject to the 31% U.S. backup withholding tax, unless the paying agent is furnished with a duly completed and signed Form W-9 or the recipient is exempt from such procedures. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules will be allowed as a refund or a credit against the U.S. Holders U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is furnished to the IRS. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax counsel regarding the information reporting and backup withholding rules applicable to the Companys common shares.
Foreign Tax Credit
A U.S. Holder who pays (or has withheld from distributions) Canadian income tax with respect to the ownership of common shares of the Company may be entitled, at the option of the U.S. Holder, to either receive a deduction or a tax credit for such foreign tax paid or withheld. Generally, it will be more advantageous to claim a credit because a credit reduces United States federal income taxes on a dollar-for-dollar basis, while a deduction merely reduces the taxpayers income subject to tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid by (or withheld from) the U.S. Holder during that year. There are significant and complex limitations which apply to the credit, among which is the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of the U.S. Holders United States income tax liability that the U.S. Holders foreign source income bears to his or its worldwide taxable income. In the determination of the application of this limitation, the various items of income and deduction must be classified into foreign and domestic sources. Complex rules govern this classification process. In addition, this limitation is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income such as passive income, high withholding tax interest, financial services income, shipping income, and certain other classifications of income. Dividends distributed by the Company will generally constitute passive income or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, financial services income for these purposes. In addition, U.S. Holders which are corporations that own 10% or more of the voting stock of the Company may be entitled to an indirect foreign tax credit under Section 902 with respect to the payment of dividends by the Company under certain circumstances and subject to complex rules and limitations. The availability of the foreign tax credit and the application of the limitations on the credit are fact specific, and U.S. Holders of common shares of the Company should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular circumstances.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
U.S. Information reporting requirements may apply with respect to the payment of dividends to U.S. Holders of the Companys common shares. Under Treasury regulations currently in effect, non-corporate holders may be subject to backup withholding at a 31% rate with respect to dividends when such holder (1) fails to furnish or certify a correct taxpayer identification number to the payor in the required manner, (2) is notified by the IRS that it has failed to report payments of interest or dividends properly or (3) fails, under certain circumstances, to certify that it has been notified by the IRS that it is subject to backup withholding for failure to report interest and dividend payments. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a U.S. Holder generally will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holders U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. Certain U.S. Holders, including corporations, are not subject to backup withholding.
Disposition of Common Shares of the Company
A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss upon the sale of common shares of the Company equal to the difference, if any, between (i) the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received, and (ii) the shareholders tax basis in the common shares of the Company. Preferential tax rates apply to long-term capital gains of U.S. Holders which are individuals, estates or trusts. This gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the common shares are a capital asset in the hands of the U.S. Holder, which will be long-term capital gain or loss if the common shares of the Company are held for more than one year. Deductions for net capital losses are subject to significant limitations. For U.S. Holders who are not corporations, any unused portion of such net capital loss may be carried over to be used in later tax years until such net capital loss is thereby exhausted. For U.S. Holders that are corporations (other than corporations subject to Subchapter S of the Code), an unused net capital loss may be carried back three years and carried forward five years from the loss year to be offset against capital gains until such net capital loss is thereby exhausted.
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Currency Exchange Gains or Losses
U.S. Holders generally are required to calculate their taxable incomes in United States dollars. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder who purchases common shares of the Company with Canadian dollars will be required to determine the tax basis of such shares in United States dollars based on the exchange rate prevailing on the settlement date of the purchase (and may be required to recognize the unrealized gain or loss, if any, in the Canadian currency surrender in the purchase transaction). Similarly, a U.S. Holder receiving dividends or sales proceeds from common shares of the Company in Canadian dollars will be required to compute the dividend income or the amount realized on the sale, as the case may be, in United States dollars based on the exchange rate prevailing at the time of receipt in the case of dividends and on the settlement date in the case of sales on an established securities exchange. Gain or loss, if any, recognized on a disposition of Canadian currency in connection with the described transactions generally will be treated as ordinary gain or loss.
Other Considerations
In the following circumstances, the above sections of this discussion may not describe the United States federal income tax consequences resulting from the holding and disposition of common shares:
Foreign Personal Holding Company
If at any time during a taxable year (i) more than 50% of the total combined voting power or the total value of the Companys outstanding shares is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals who are citizens or residents of the United States and (ii) 60% (50% in some circumstances) or more of the Companys gross income for such year was foreign personal holding company income (e.g. dividends, interest and similar income), the Company may be treated as a foreign personal holding company. In that event, U.S. Holders that hold common shares would be required to include in gross income for such year their allocable portions of such foreign personal holding company income to the extent the Company does not actually distribute such income. The Company does not believe that it currently qualifies as a foreign personal holding company. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be considered a foreign personal holding company for the current or any future taxable year.
Foreign Investment Company
If 50% or more of the combined voting power or total value of the Companys outstanding shares is held, directly or indirectly, by citizens or residents of the United States, United States domestic partnerships or corporations, or estates or trusts other than foreign estates or trusts (as defined by the Code Section 7701(a)(31)), and the Company is found to be engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities, commodities, or any interest therein, it is possible that the Company may be treated as a foreign investment company as defined in Section 1246 of the Code, causing all or part of any gain realized by a U.S. Holder selling or exchanging common shares to be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain. The Company does not believe that it currently qualifies as a foreign investment company. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be considered a foreign investment company for the current or any future taxable year.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Certain United States income tax legislation contains rules governing passive foreign investment companies (PFIC) which can have significant tax effects on U.S. Holders of foreign corporations. These rules do not apply to non-U.S. Holders. Section 1297 of the Code defines a PFIC as a corporation that is not formed in the United States and, for any taxable year, either (i) 75% or more of its gross income is passive income, which includes interest, dividends and certain rents and royalties or (ii) the average percentage, by fair market value (or, if the corporation is not publicly traded and either is a controlled foreign corporation or makes an election, by adjusted tax basis), of its assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income is 50% or more. If a foreign corporation owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the stock a second corporation, then for purposes of the PFIC tests described above, the first corporation will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets of, and as receiving a proportionate share of the income of, the second corporation. The Company believes that it qualified as a PFIC for its most recently ended fiscal year and may qualify as a PFIC in subsequent fiscal years. There can be no assurance that the Companys determination concerning its PFIC status will not be challenged or that it will be able to satisfy record keeping requirements that will be imposed on a qualified electing fund (QEF). Each U.S. Holder of the Company is urged to consult a tax advisor with respect to how the PFIC rules affect their tax situation.
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A U.S. Holder who holds stock in a foreign corporation during any year in which such corporation qualifies as a PFIC is subject to United States federal income taxation under one of two alternative tax regimes at the election of each such U.S. Holder. The following is a discussion of such two alternative tax regimes applied to such U.S. Holders of the Company. In addition, special rules apply if a foreign corporation qualifies as both a PFIC and a controlled foreign corporation (as defined below) and a U.S. Holder owns, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of such foreign corporation (See more detailed discussion at Controlled Foreign Corporation below).
A U.S. Holder who elects in a timely manner to treat the Company as a QEF (an Electing U.S. Holder) will be subject, under Section 1293 of the Code, to current federal income tax for any taxable year in which the Company qualifies as a PFIC on his pro rata share of the Companys (i) net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), which will be taxed as long-term capital gain to the Electing U.S. Holder and (ii) ordinary earnings (the excess of earnings and profits over net capital gain), which will be taxed as ordinary income to the Electing U.S. Holder, in each case, for the shareholders taxable year in which (or with which) the Companys taxable year ends, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed.
The effective QEF election also allows the Electing U.S. Holder to (i) generally treat any gain realized on the disposition of his common shares in the Company (or deemed to be realized on the pledge of his shares) as capital gain; (ii) treat his share of the Companys net capital gain, if any, as long-term capital gain instead of ordinary income; and (iii) either avoid interest charges resulting from PFIC status altogether, or make an annual election, subject to certain limitations, to defer payment of current taxes on his share of the Companys annual realized net capital gain and ordinary earnings subject, however, to an interest charge. If the Electing U.S. Holder is not a corporation, such an interest charge would be treated as personal interest that is not deductible.
The procedure a U.S. Holder must comply with in making an effective QEF election will depend on whether the year of the election is the first year in the U.S. Holders holding period in which the Company is a PFIC. If the U.S. Holder makes a QEF election in such first year, i.e., a timely QEF election, then the U.S. Holder may make the QEF election by simply filing the appropriate documents at the time the U.S. Holder files his tax return for such first year. If, however, the Company qualified as a PFIC in a prior year, then in addition to filing documents, the U.S. Holder must elect to recognize (i) under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code (discussed herein), any gain that he would otherwise recognize if the U.S. Holder sold his stock on the qualification date or (ii) if the Company is a controlled foreign corporation, the U.S. Holders pro rata share of the Companys post-1986 earnings and profits as of the qualification date. The qualification date is the first day of the Companys first tax year in which the Company qualified as a QEF with respect to such U.S. Holder. The elections to recognize such gain or earnings and profits can only be made if such U.S. Holders holding period for the common shares of the Company includes the qualification date. By electing to recognize such gain or earnings and profits, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to have made a timely QEF election. A U.S. Holder who made elections to recognize gain or earnings and profits after May 1, 1992 and before January 27, 1997 may, under certain circumstances, elect to change such U.S. Holders qualification date to the first day of the first QEF year. U.S. Holders are urged to consult a tax advisor regarding the availability of and procedure for electing to recognize gain or earnings and profits under the foregoing rules.
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A QEF election, once made with respect to the Company, applies to the tax year for which it was made and to all subsequent tax years, unless the election is invalidated or terminated, or the IRS consents to revocation of the election. If a QEF election is made by a U.S. Holder and the Company ceases to qualify as a PFIC in a subsequent tax year, the QEF election will remain in effect, although not applicable, during those tax years in which the Company does not qualify as a PFIC. Therefore, if the Company again qualifies as a PFIC in a subsequent tax year, the QEF election will be effective and the U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules described above for Electing U.S. Holders in such tax year and any subsequent tax years in which the Company qualifies as a PFIC. In addition, the QEF election remains in effect, although not applicable, with respect to an Electing U.S. Holder even after such U.S. Holder disposes of all of his or its direct and indirect interest in the shares of the Company. Therefore, if such U.S. Holder reacquires an interest in the Company, that U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules described above for Electing U.S. Holders for each tax year in which the Company qualifies as a PFIC.
If a U.S. Holder does not make a timely QEF election during a year in which it holds (or is deemed to have held) the common shares in question and the Company is a PFIC (a Non-Electing U.S. Holder), then special taxation rules under Section 1291 of the Code will apply to (i) gains realized on the disposition (or deemed to be realized by reasons of a pledge) of his common shares in the Company and (ii) certain excess distributions (generally, distributions received in the current taxable year that are in excess of 125% of the average distributions received during the three preceding years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holders holding period) by the Company.
A Non-Electing U.S. Holder generally would be required to pro rate all gains realized on the disposition of his common shares in the Company and all excess distributions on his common shares in the Company over the entire holding period for the common shares. All gains or excess distributions allocated to prior years of the U.S. Holder (other than years prior to the first taxable year of the Company during such U.S. Holders holding period and beginning after January 1, 1987 for which it was a PFIC) would be taxed at the highest tax rate for each such prior year applicable to ordinary income. The Non-Electing U.S. Holder also would be liable for interest on the foregoing tax liability for each such prior year calculated as if such liability had been due with respect to each such prior year. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder that is not a corporation must treat this interest charge as personal interest which, as discussed above, is wholly nondeductible. The balance of the gain or the excess distribution will be treated as ordinary income in the year of the disposition or distribution, and no interest charge will be incurred with respect to such balance.
If the Company is a PFIC for any taxable year during which a Non-Electing U.S. Holder holds common shares of the Company, then the Company will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such common shares in the Company, even if it is no longer definitionally a PFIC. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder may terminate this deemed PFIC status by electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules discussed above for Non-Electing U.S. Holders) as if such common shares in the Company had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year for which it was a PFIC.
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Effective for tax years of U.S. Holders beginning after December 31, 1997, U.S. Holders who hold, actually or constructively, marketable stock (as specifically defined in the Treasury Regulations) of a foreign corporation that qualifies as a PFIC may annually elect to mark such stock to the market (a mark-to-market election). If such an election is made, such U.S. Holder will generally not be subject to the special taxation rules of Section 1291 discussed above. However, if the mark-to-market election is made by a Non-Electing U.S. Holder after the beginning of the holding period for the PFIC stock, then the Section 1291 rules will apply to certain dispositions of, distributions on and other amounts taxable with respect to the common shares in the Company. A U.S. Holder who makes the mark-to market election will include in income for the taxable year for which the election was made an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common shares of the Company as of the close of such tax year over such U.S. Holders adjusted basis in such common shares. In addition, the U.S. Holder is allowed a deduction for the lesser of (i) the excess, if any, of such U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in the common shares over the fair market value of such shares as of the close of the tax year, or (ii) the excess, if any, of (A) the mark-to-market gains for the common shares in the Company included by such U.S. Holder for prior tax years, including any amount which would have been included for any prior tax year but for the Section 1291 interest on tax deferral rules discussed above with respect to Non-Electing U.S. Holders, over (B) the mark-to-market losses for shares that were allowed as deductions for prior tax years. A U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in the common shares of the Company will be adjusted to reflect the amount included in or deducted from income as a result of a mark-to-market election. A mark-to-market election applies to the taxable year in which the election is made and to each subsequent taxable year, unless the common shares of the Company cease to be marketable, as specifically defined, or the IRS consents to revocation of the election. Because the IRS has not established procedures for making a mark-to-market election, U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisor regarding the manner of making such an election.
Under Section 1291(f) of the Code, the IRS has issued Treasury Regulations that, subject to certain exceptions, would treat as taxable certain transfers of PFIC stock by Non-Electing U.S. Holders that are generally not otherwise taxed, such as gifts, exchanges pursuant to corporate reorganizations, and transfers at death. Generally, in such cases the basis of the common shares of the Company in the hands of the transferee and the basis of any property received in the exchange for those common shares would be increased by the amount of gain recognized. Under the Proposed Treasury Regulations, an Electing U.S. Holder would not be taxed on certain transfers of PFIC stock, such as gifts, exchanges pursuant to corporate reorganizations, and transfers at death. The transferees basis in this case will depend on the manner of the transfer. The specific tax effect to the U.S. Holder and the transferee may vary based on the manner in which the common shares are transferred. Each U.S. Holder of the Company is urged to consult a tax advisor with respect to how the PFIC rules affect their tax situation.
Certain special, generally adverse, rules will apply with respect to common shares of the Company while the Company is a PFIC whether or not it is treated as a QEF. For example under Section 1298(b)(6) of the Code, a U.S. Holder who uses PFIC stock as security for a loan (including a margin loan) will, except as may be provided in regulations, be treated as having made a taxable disposition of such shares.
Controlled Foreign Corporation
If more than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares entitled to vote or the total value of the shares of the Company is owned, actually or constructively, by citizens or residents of the United States, United States domestic partnerships or corporations, or estates or trusts other than foreign estates or trusts (as defined by the Code Section 7701(a)(31)), each of which own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares entitled to vote of the Company (United States Shareholder), the Company could be treated as a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) under Subpart F of the Code. This classification would effect many complex results, one of which is the inclusion of certain income of a CFC which is subject to current U.S. tax. The United States generally taxes United States Shareholders of a CFC currently on their pro-rata shares of the Subpart F income of the CFC. Such United States Shareholders are generally treated as having received a current distribution out of the CFCs Subpart F income and are also subject to current U.S. tax on their pro rata shares of the CFCs earnings invested in U.S. property. The foreign tax credit described above may reduce the U.S. tax on these amounts. In addition, under Section 1248 of the Code, gain from the sale or exchange of shares by a U.S. Holder of common shares of the Company which is or was a United States Shareholder at any time during the five-year period ending with the sale or exchange is treated as ordinary income to the extent of earnings and profits of the Company attributable to the shares sold or exchanged. If a foreign corporation is both a PFIC and a CFC, the foreign corporation generally will not be treated as a PFIC with respect to United States Shareholders of the CFC. This rule generally will be effective for taxable years of United States Shareholders beginning after 1997 and for taxable years of foreign corporations ending with or within such taxable years of United States Shareholders. Special rules apply to United States Shareholders who are subject to the special taxation rules under Section 1291 discussed above with respect to a PFIC. Because of the complexity of Subpart F, a more detailed review of these rules is outside of the scope of this discussion. The Company does not believe that it currently qualifies as a CFC. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be considered a CFC for the current or any future taxable year.
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F. Dividends and Paying Agents
G. Statement by Experts
H. Documents on Display
Any of the documents referred to above can be viewed at our registered office, which is located at Suite 1180, 999 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. All of these documents are in English.
I. Subsidiary Information
This information is not required for reports filed in the United States.
Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
At this time, we are not subject to any interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk.
Item 12 Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Item 14 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Item 15 Controls and Procedures
As of December 31, 2003, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be included in our periodic reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner.
In addition, there have been no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect those controls subsequent to the date of their last evaluation.
Item 16 [Reserved]
A. Audit committee financial expert.
We do not have an audit committee financial expert. We are focused on the exploration and acquisition of silver properties and do not have any sales or revenue. As a result, our board of directors is comprised of individuals with extensive exploration and mining experience. We are considering the appointment of an individual to our board of directors and audit committee to assume the role of audit committee financial expert.
B. Code of Ethics.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other senior financial officers performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct is available for viewing on our website at www.silver-standard.com.
C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The following is a summary of the aggregate fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years by our principal accountant.
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Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our audit committee has established policies and procedures that are intended to control the services provided by our auditors and to monitor their continuing independence. Under these policies, no services may be undertaken by our auditors unless the engagement is specifically approved by our audit committee or the services are included within a category which has been pre-approved by our audit committee. The maximum charge for services is established by the audit committee when the specific engagement is approved or the category of services pre-approved. Management is required to notify the audit committee of the nature and value of pre-approved services undertaken.
Our audit committee will not approve engagements relating to, or pre-approve categories of, non-audit services to be provided by our auditors (i) if such services are of a type the performance of which would cause our auditors to cease to be independent within the meaning of applicable Securities and Exchange Commission or Nasdaq rules, and (ii) without consideration, among other things, of whether our auditors are best situated to provide the required services and whether the required services are consistent with their role as auditor.
All services provided by our principal accountant in 2003 were pre-approved by our audit committee.
D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees.
E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.
PART III
Item 17 Financial Statements
Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in Canadian Dollars (Cdn$) and are prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP, which differs in certain respects from those principles that we would have followed had our audited consolidated financial statements been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The major measurement differences between Canadian and US GAAP, as they affect us, are disclosed in note 18 to the audited consolidated financial statements.
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The financial statements and notes thereto as required under Item 17 are attached to this Annual Report, are individually listed under Item 19, and are found immediately following the text of this Annual Report. The audit report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is included in this Annual Report immediately preceding the financial statements.
Item 18 Financial Statements
Item 19 Exhibits
All Financial Statements and Exhibits referred to in this Item 19 are incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.
A. Financial Statements
B. Exhibits
Description
Memorandum, Articles and Certificate of Incorporation incorporated by reference from Exhibit 1.1 to Registration Statement under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 on Form 20-F, file no. 0-26424 filed on July 13, 1995.
Certification of President Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of President Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Consent of Pincock, Allen & Holt, a division of Hart Crowser Inc.
Consent of Mine Development Associates
Consent of James A. McCrea, P. Geo.
Consent of Roscoe Postle Associates Inc.
Consent of Sundance Ventures
Consent of Snowden Mining Industry Consultants
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
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Silver Standard Resources Inc.(an exploration stage company)
Consolidated Financial StatementsDecember 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars)
F-1
March 12, 2004
Managements Responsibility for Financial Reporting
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the company have been prepared by management in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and reconciled to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States as set out in note 18, and contain estimates based on managements judgement. Management maintains an appropriate system of internal controls to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are authorized, assets safeguarded, and proper records maintained.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has met with the companys independent auditors to review the scope and results of the annual audit, and to review the financial statements and related financial reporting matters prior to submitting the financial statements to the Board for approval.
The companys independent auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, are appointed by the shareholders to conduct an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in Canada and the United States, and their report follows.
F-2
Independent Auditors Report
To the Shareholders of Silver Standard Resources Inc.
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Silver Standard Resources Inc. as at December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the consolidated statements of loss and deficit and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Canada and the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the company as at December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles. As required by the British Columbia Company Act, we report that, in our opinion, these principles have been applied on a consistent basis.
"PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP"
Chartered Accountants
Vancouver, B.C., Canada February 20, 2004
F-3
Silver Standard Resources Inc.(an exploration stage company)Consolidated Balance SheetsAs at December 31, 2003 and 2002____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars)
Subsequent event (note 19)
Approved by the Board of Directors:
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Silver Standard Resources Inc.(an exploration stage company)Consolidated Statements of Loss and DeficitFor the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts)
F-5
Silver Standard Resources Inc.(an exploration stage company)Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Supplementary cash flow information (note 14)
F-6
Silver Standard Resources Inc.(an exploration stage company)Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsDecember 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(all tabular amounts are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, unless otherwise stated)
F-7
F-8
F-9
In June 2002, the company acquired a 43.4% interest in Sunshine Argentina, Inc. (Sunshine) which owns the surface and mineral rights for the Pirquitas silver project (note 5(c)). The company paid $4,556,000 (US$3,000,000) in cash and issued a US$1,340,000 convertible debenture for a total of $6,592,000. The company assigned the purchase price to acquisition costs relating to the Pirquitas property. By December 31, 2002, the debenture was fully converted by the issuance of 360,636 common shares with a value of $2,092,000. In July 2003, the Company issued 9,980 common shares with a value of $74,850 in full settlement of the interest due relating to the debenture (note 8).
F-10
In November 2001, the company acquired 100% of Pacific Rim Argentina, a company incorporated in Argentina that owns the mineral rights for the Diablillos silver-gold project in Argentina (note 5(a)). The company has accounted for the acquisition as a purchase for total consideration of $5,429,649 (US$3,426,391).
In August 2001, the company acquired a 20% direct interest in the Manantial Espejo property (note 5(b)) by issuing 400,000 common shares valued at $920,000. The value of the common shares issued was based on market price. The company then transferred half of this interest (representing 10% valued at $460,000) and cash of $125,000 to Black Hawk Mining Corporation (Black Hawk) in exchange for the remaining 40% interest in the Sulphurets property such that the company now owns 100% of Sulphurets.
In April 2001, the company exercised its option to acquire a 100% interest in the Candelaria property (note 5(j)). The acquisition closed on October 1, 2001 with the company making cash payments of $103,947 (US$65,834), issuing 600,000 common shares valued at $1,962,000, issuing 600,000 common share purchase warrants valued at $326,000 (note 10), issuing a $300,000 non-interest bearing promissory note (which was settled during 2002 by the issuance of 70,922 common shares) and the assumption of all liabilities relating to the property following completion of reclamation by Kinross. The cost of monitoring on completion of reclamation is estimated to be US$20,300 over a five-year period. The fair value of the consideration amounted to $2,691,947, which was allocated to mineral property costs. The value of the common shares issued was based on market price.
F-11
F-12
F-13
Acquisition and exploration costs incurred during the year are as follows
F-14
F-15
F-16
F-17
F-18
(i) The mortgage is collateralized by certain properties in the Shafter project (note 5(l)).
F-19
F-20
During the year ended December 31, 2001, the company completed two private placements. In May 2001, the company issued 764,000 units at $1.97 per unit. Each unit consisted of one common share and one common share purchase warrant exercisable into a common share of the company at $2.32 per share until June 25, 2003. The company issued an additional 24,570 units as a finders fee on this placement. In October 2001, the company issued 1,150,000 units at $2.60 per unit. Each unit consisted of one common share and one common share purchase warrant exercisable into a common share of the company at $3.00 per share until October 29, 2003. The company issued an additional 34,700 units as a finders fee on this placement.
During the year ended December 31, 2002, the company completed two private placements. In May 2002, the company issued 4,200,000 units at $4.00 or US$2.51 per unit for gross proceeds of $16,531,000. Each unit consisted of one common share and one common share purchase warrant exercisable into 4,200,000 common shares at $4.80 per share until May 10, 2004. The company issued an additional 80,640 units valued at $322,560 and paid $112,697 in cash as a finders fee on this placement. In December 2002, the company issued 550,000 units at US$4.05 per unit for gross proceeds of $3,448,500. Each unit consisted of one common share and 0.55 of one non-transferable common share purchase warrant such that 302,500 warrants were issued. Each whole warrant is exchangeable into one common share at US$5.05 until December 18, 2004. The company paid $146,500 in cash as a finders fee on this placement. Other costs associated with both private placements totalled $343,000.
F-21
The changes in stock options issued to officers, employees, directors and non-employees are as follows:
As of December 31, 2003, incentive stock options represent 4.3% of issued and outstanding common capital.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2003:
F-22
F-23
The changes in warrants outstanding are as follows:
The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding at December 31, 2003:
During the year ended December 31, 2003, the company recorded management fees and expense reimbursements of $112,600 (2002 $176,900; 2001 $312,900) from companies related by common management. At December 31, 2003, accounts receivable include $46,100 (2002 $78,500; 2001 $93,500) from these related parties.
F-24
The company holds marketable securities in a number of companies that have a common director and one company with two common directors.
During the year ended December 31, 2003, the company settled a receivable with the receipt of shares valued at $50,000 from a company related by common management. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the company settled mineral property payables of $3,026,000 with the issuance of 525,995 shares to a company with a director in common.
The income taxes shown on the consolidated statements of loss and deficit differ from the amounts obtained by applying statutory rates due to the following:
Future income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the companys future tax assets as of December 31 are as follows:
F-25
As of December 31, 2003, the company has approximately $13,979,000 in operating losses, $6,041,000 in capital losses, and $9,994,000 in accumulated Canadian and foreign exploration and development expenditures available to reduce future taxable income. The potential benefit of these losses has not been reflected in these consolidated financial statements. The operating losses expire as follows:
F-26
A reconciliation of the provision for reclamation is as follows:
The provision for reclamation is based on the following key assumptions:
F-27
During the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002, and 2001, the company conducted non-cash financing and investing activities as set out below. Non-cash operating activities are not presented.
Interest paid in the year was $nil. (2002 $2,000; 2001 $nil).
F-28
The company has committed to payments under operating leases for the rental of office space. The future minimum lease payments are $116,000 required in each of the next four years and $29,000 in year five.
Mineral property commitments are described in note 5.
F-29
The company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada (Canadian GAAP), which differ in certain respects from those principles that the company would have followed had its consolidated financial statements been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The major measurement differences between Canadian and U.S. GAAP and their effect on the consolidated financial statements are summarized below:
Under Canadian GAAP, the costs of acquiring mineral properties and related exploration and development expenditures are deferred (note 2). Under U.S. GAAP, exploration costs are those incurred prior to having prepared a final feasibility study establishing the presence of proven and probable reserves and are expensed as incurred. When proven and probable reserves are determined for a property and a final feasibility study prepared, then any subsequent exploration and development costs of the property would be capitalized. Once in production, any subsequent development costs would be treated as production costs charged to production. The company currently has no reserves and no producing properties. The capitalized costs of such properties would then be measured periodically for recoverability of carrying values under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 144. Based on this guidance, for US GAAP purposes, the company has written off mineral exploration and acquisition costs in the year incurred (note (f)).
Under U.S. GAAP, securities that are available-for-sale are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains or losses are part of comprehensive income. Under Canadian GAAP, there is no adjustment made for unrealized gains. The $100,000 write-off of Other Assets relates to the write-off of the Sandy K. Mines Ltd. investment at the time of acquisition (note (f)).
Under Canadian GAAP, before the introduction of Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) 1581 Business Combinations, the fair value of shares issued by an acquirer to effect a business combination was based on the quoted market price of shares at the date of acquisition. Under U.S. GAAP, the fair value of shares issued is based on the market price at the date the business combination agreement is agreed to and announced.
Under Canadian GAAP, the company includes in cash equivalents, short-term investments with an initial maturity of over 90 days that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. For U.S. GAAP purposes, these investments would not be included in cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2003, short-term investments of $nil (2002 $4,151,000) would be excluded from cash equivalents for U.S. GAAP.
F-30
Canadian GAAP provides for investments in jointly controlled entities to be accounted for using proportionate consolidation. Under U.S. GAAP, investments in incorporated joint ventures are to be accounted for using the equity method. Under an accommodation of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the accounting for joint ventures need not be reconciled from Canadian to U.S. GAAP. The different accounting treatment affects only the display and classification of financial statement items and not net income or shareholders equity. The companys interest in jointly controlled entities is reflected in the Pirquitas and Manantial Espejo mineral properties (note 5).
Consolidated summarized balance sheets
F-31
Consolidated statements of loss and deficit
Consolidated statements of cash flows
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
F-32
Restatement
F-33
F-34
END OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
Silver Standard Resources Inc.__________________________________(Company)
By: /s/ Robert A. Quartermain ________________________________Robert A. Quartermain, President & Director
Date: May 20, 2004
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Exhibit 12.1
CERTIFICATIONPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Robert A. Quartermain, certify that:
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Silver Standard Resources Inc.;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The companys other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the companys disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the companys internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the companys internal control over financial reporting; and
The companys other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the companys auditors and the audit committee of the companys board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the companys ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the companys internal control over financial reporting.
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Exhibit 12.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Ross A. Mitchell, certify that:
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Exhibit 13.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Silver Standard Resources Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2003, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Annual Report"), I hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
The Annual Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the registrant.
Robert A. Quartermain Robert A. QuartermainPresident
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Exhibit 13.2
Ross A. Mitchell Ross A. MitchellVice President, Finance
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