Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 001-34436
Starwood Property Trust, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland
27-0247747
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
591 West Putnam Avenue
Greenwich, Connecticut
06830
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrants telephone number, including area code:
(203) 422-8100
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The number of shares of the issuers common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2014 was 222,402,882.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements, including without limitation, statements concerning our operations, economic performance and financial condition. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are developed by combining currently available information with our beliefs and assumptions and are generally identified by the words believe, expect, anticipate and other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance, which may be materially different from that expressed in, or implied by, any such statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their respective dates.
These forward-looking statements are based largely on our current beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or within our control, and which could materially affect actual results, performance or achievements. Factors that may cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
· factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014, including those set forth under the captions Risk Factors and Business;
· defaults by borrowers in paying debt service on outstanding indebtedness;
· impairment in the value of real estate property securing our loans;
· availability of mortgage origination and acquisition opportunities acceptable to us;
· our ability to fully integrate LNR Property LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (LNR), which was acquired on April 19, 2013, into our business and achieve the benefits that we anticipate from this acquisition;
· potential mismatches in the timing of asset repayments and the maturity of the associated financing agreements;
· national and local economic and business conditions;
· general and local commercial and residential real estate property conditions;
· changes in federal government policies;
· changes in federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations;
· increased competition from entities engaged in mortgage lending and securities investing activities;
· changes in interest rates; and
· the availability of and costs associated with sources of liquidity.
In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurances that the results referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will in fact occur. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, we undertake no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any such obligation to, update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, changes to future results over time or otherwise.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Part I
Financial Information
Item 1.
Financial Statements
4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
10
Note 1 Business and Organization
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
11
Note 3 Acquisitions and Divestitures
14
Note 4 Loans
15
Note 5 Investment Securities
19
Note 6 Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
23
Note 7 Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Note 8 Secured Financing Agreements
24
Note 9 Convertible Senior Notes
26
Note 10 Loan Securitization/Sale Activities
27
Note 11 Derivatives and Hedging Activity
28
Note 12 Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
30
Note 13 Variable Interest Entities
Note 14 Related-Party Transactions
31
Note 15 Stockholders Equity
33
Note 16 Earnings per Share
34
Note 17 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
36
Note 18 Fair Value
37
Note 19 Income Taxes
42
Note 20 Commitments and Contingencies
43
Note 21 Segment Data
44
Note 22 Subsequent Events
50
Item 2.
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
51
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
70
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
73
Part II
Other Information
Legal Proceedings
74
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5.
Item 6.
Exhibits
76
3
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)
As of September 30, 2014
As of December 31, 2013
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
327,322
317,627
Restricted cash
45,725
69,052
Loans held-for-investment, net
5,198,927
4,363,718
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value
248,165
206,672
Loans transferred as secured borrowings
142,516
180,414
Investment securities ($522,835 and $566,789 held at fair value)
894,302
935,107
Intangible assetsservicing rights ($130,420 and $150,149 held at fair value)
145,790
177,173
Residential real estate, net
749,214
Non-performing residential loans
215,371
Investment in unconsolidated entities
110,569
122,954
Goodwill
140,437
Derivative assets
13,354
7,769
Accrued interest receivable
35,065
37,630
Other assets
123,472
95,813
Variable interest entity (VIE) assets, at fair value
109,468,293
103,151,624
Total Assets
116,893,937
110,770,575
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
154,058
225,374
Related-party payable
24,866
17,793
Dividends payable
108,056
90,171
Derivative liabilities
5,462
24,192
Secured financing agreements, net
2,708,108
2,257,560
Convertible senior notes, net
1,006,927
997,851
Secured borrowings on transferred loans
142,575
181,238
VIE liabilities, at fair value
108,879,922
102,649,263
Total Liabilities
113,029,974
106,443,442
Commitments and contingencies (Note 20)
Equity:
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 223,602,551 issued and 222,388,801 outstanding as of September 30, 2014 and 196,139,045 issued and 195,513,195 outstanding as of December 31, 2013
2,236
1,961
Additional paid-in capital
3,793,428
4,300,479
Treasury stock (1,213,750 shares and 625,850 shares)
(23,635
)
(10,642
Accumulated other comprehensive income
69,681
75,449
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
7,302
(84,719
Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders Equity
3,849,012
4,282,528
Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
14,951
44,605
Total Equity
3,863,963
4,327,133
Total Liabilities and Equity
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2014
2013
Revenues:
Interest income from loans
110,669
94,045
321,034
236,671
Interest income from investment securities
28,640
17,804
85,714
52,621
Servicing fees
34,641
36,509
101,533
75,644
Other revenues
7,418
2,034
15,816
3,908
Total revenues
181,368
150,392
524,097
368,844
Costs and expenses:
Management fees
24,943
20,925
77,849
52,140
Interest expense
39,739
34,017
115,265
74,091
General and administrative
47,640
47,474
136,835
95,847
Business combination costs
342
17,958
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs
759
1,393
1,924
2,390
Depreciation and amortization
3,017
3,435
12,807
5,663
Loan loss allowance, net
1,575
1,160
1,933
1,915
Other expense
2,701
513
10,416
742
Total costs and expenses
120,374
109,259
357,029
250,746
Income before other income, income taxes and non-controlling interests
60,994
41,133
167,068
118,098
Other income:
Income of consolidated VIEs, net
87,778
47,963
190,810
79,912
Change in fair value of servicing rights
(7,897
(1,867
(18,671
1,031
Change in fair value of investment securities, net
1,860
(2,278
15,180
(3,265
Change in fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale, net
15,517
25,857
48,018
26,315
Earnings from unconsolidated entities
3,805
2,222
13,432
6,733
Gain on sale of investments, net
1,332
6,184
12,965
19,690
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net
29,275
(22,451
11,619
(65
Foreign currency (loss) gain, net
(21,466
9,580
(16,212
3,495
Total other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI)
(264
(86
(2,256
(1,460
Noncredit portion of OTTI recognized in other comprehensive income
264
1,246
1,007
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
(52
(1,010
(453
Other income, net
374
738
413
Total other income
110,232
65,532
256,869
133,806
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
171,226
106,665
423,937
251,904
Income tax provision
(3,836
(13,721
(13,733
(25,679
Income from continuing operations
167,390
92,944
410,204
226,225
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 3)
(3,698
(1,551
(12,044
Net income
89,246
408,653
214,181
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
(2,346
(1,886
(5,140
(4,124
Net income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.
165,044
87,360
403,513
210,057
Earnings per share data attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.:
Basic:
0.73
0.53
1.89
1.41
Loss from discontinued operations
(0.02
(0.01
(0.08
0.51
1.88
1.33
Diluted:
1.87
Dividends declared per common share
0.48
0.46
1.44
1.36
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (net change by component):
Cash flow hedges
530
(197
559
1,583
Available-for-sale securities
3,954
(1,768
(2,166
(15,895
Foreign currency remeasurement
(9,765
10,967
(4,161
3,924
Other comprehensive (loss) income
(5,281
9,002
(5,768
(10,388
Comprehensive income
162,109
98,248
402,885
203,793
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests
Comprehensive income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.
159,763
96,362
397,745
199,669
Common stock
Additional
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc.
Non-
Par
Paid-In
Treasury Stock
(Accumulated
Income
Stockholders
Controlling
Total
Shares
Value
Capital
Amount
Deficit)
(Loss)
Equity
Interests
Balance, January 1, 2014
196,139,045
625,850
Proceeds from public offering of common stock
25,300,000
253
564,442
564,695
Proceeds from ATM Agreement
759,000
18,338
18,346
Proceeds from DRIP Plan
2,430
58
Equity offering costs
(1,623
Common stock repurchased
587,900
(12,993
Stock-based compensation
1,025,144
21,491
21,501
Manager incentive fee paid in stock
376,932
8,986
8,990
5,140
Dividends declared, $1.44 per share
(311,492
Spin-off of SWAY
(1,118,743
(1,594
(1,120,337
Other comprehensive income, net
VIE non-controlling interests
382
Distribution to non-controlling interests
(33,582
Balance, September 30, 2014
223,602,551
1,213,750
Balance, January 1, 2013
136,125,356
1,361
2,721,353
(72,401
79,675
2,719,346
77,859
2,797,205
59,225,000
593
1,512,926
1,513,519
(955
Convertible senior notes
48,502
523,731
12,865
12,870
13,188
367
4,124
Dividends declared, $1.36 per share
(227,177
Other comprehensive loss, net
(1,067
Non-controlling interest assumed through LNR acquisition
8,705
Contributions from non-controlling interests
1,399
(47,914
Balance, September 30, 2013
195,887,275
1,959
4,295,058
(89,521
69,287
4,266,141
43,106
4,309,247
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred financing costs
8,501
7,044
Amortization of convertible debt discount and deferred fees
9,376
5,693
Accretion of net discount on investment securities
(17,174
(23,484
Accretion of net deferred loan fees and discounts
(16,756
(26,917
Amortization of premium from secured borrowings on transferred loans
(862
(1,211
Share-based compensation
Share-based component of incentive fees
Change in fair value of fair value option investment securities
(15,180
3,265
Change in fair value of consolidated VIEs
(71,105
(22,428
18,671
(1,031
Change in fair value of loans held-for-sale
(48,018
(26,315
Change in fair value of derivatives
(14,595
(2,196
Foreign currency loss (gain), net
15,767
(3,481
Gain on non-performing loans and sale of investments
(13,907
(23,728
Other-than-temporary impairment
1,010
989
13,178
8,022
(13,432
(3,245
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated entities
9,354
2,315
Capitalized costs written off
1,517
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Related-party payable, net
7,073
25,475
Accrued interest receivable, less purchased interest
(29,770
(8,603
(6,192
(6,874
(46,997
36,087
Originations of loans held-for-sale, net of principal collections
(1,159,058
(847,844
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale
1,165,583
851,609
Net cash provided by operating activities
236,544
173,992
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Spin-off of Starwood Waypoint Residential Trust
(111,960
Purchase of LNR, net of cash acquired
(586,383
Purchase of investment securities
(67,230
(82,754
Proceeds from sales of investment securities
100,166
442,877
Proceeds from principal collections on investment securities
40,999
56,793
Origination and purchase of loans held-for-investment
(2,123,947
(1,658,240
Proceeds from principal collections on loans
966,350
394,616
Proceeds from loans sold
341,472
369,621
Acquisition and improvement of single family homes
(61,901
(458,733
Proceeds from sale of single family homes
1,784
6,696
Purchase of other assets
(18,731
(1,631
Purchase of non-performing loans
(153,141
Proceeds from sale of non-performing loans
1,153
27,198
(21,973
(8,558
Distribution of capital from unconsolidated entities
38,946
3,210
Payments for purchase or termination of derivatives
(16,081
(648
Proceeds from termination of derivatives
5,611
9,940
Return of investment basis in purchased derivative asset
1,222
1,533
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash, net
8,890
(54,860
Net cash used in investing activities
(915,230
(1,692,464
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Borrowings under financing agreements
2,917,281
2,691,382
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes
1,037,926
Principal repayments on borrowings
(2,459,837
(3,123,571
Payment of deferred financing costs
(11,536
(13,281
Proceeds from secured borrowings
95,000
Proceeds from common stock issuances
583,099
Payment of equity offering costs
Payment of dividends
(293,607
(210,843
Distributions to non-controlling interests
Issuance of debt of consolidated VIEs
88,412
8,760
Repayment of debt of consolidated VIEs
(129,724
(93,293
Distributions of cash from consolidated VIEs
32,601
18,598
Net cash provided by financing activities
691,484
1,876,727
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
12,798
358,255
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
177,671
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
(3,103
908
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
536,834
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest
110,208
54,548
Income taxes paid
19,040
24,794
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Net assets distributed in spin-off of Starwood Waypoint Residential Trust
1,008,377
Dividends declared, but not yet paid
90,130
Consolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability additions)
27,094,681
15,033,274
Deconsolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability reductions)
8,502,882
584,804
Unsettled common stock repurchased
12,993
Fair value of assets acquired
1,152,360
Fair value of liabilities assumed
562,279
Unsettled trades and loans receivable
14,338
Interest only security received in connection with securitization
1,889
9
(Unaudited)
1. Business and Organization
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. (STWD together with its subsidiaries, we or the Company) is a Maryland corporation that commenced operations in August 2009, upon the completion of our initial public offering (IPO). We are focused primarily on originating, acquiring, financing and managing commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real estate debt investments, commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), and other commercial real estate-related debt investments in both the U.S. and Europe. We refer to the following as our target assets:
· commercial real estate mortgage loans, including preferred equity interests;
· CMBS; and
· other commercial real estate-related debt investments.
Our target assets may also include residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), certain residential mortgage loans, distressed or non-performing commercial loans, commercial properties subject to net leases and equity interests in commercial real estate. As market conditions change over time, we may adjust our strategy to take advantage of changes in interest rates and credit spreads as well as economic and credit conditions.
We have two reportable business segments as of September 30, 2014:
· Real estate investment lending (the Lending Segment)includes all business activities of the Company, excluding the LNR business, which generally represents investments in real estate-related loans and securities that are held-for-investment.
· LNRincludes all business activities of the acquired LNR Property LLC (LNR) business excluding the consolidation of securitization VIEs.
On April 19, 2013, we acquired the equity of LNR and certain of its subsidiaries for an initial agreed upon purchase price of approximately $859 million, which was reduced for transaction expenses and distributions occurring after September 30, 2012, resulting in cash consideration of approximately $730 million. Immediately prior to the acquisition, an affiliate of the Company acquired the remaining equity comprising LNRs commercial property division for a purchase price of $194 million. The portion of the LNR business acquired by us includes the following: (i) servicing businesses in both the U.S. and Europe that manage and work out problem assets, (ii) an investment business that is focused on selectively acquiring and managing real estate finance investments, including unrated, investment grade and non-investment grade rated CMBS, including subordinated interests of securitization and resecuritization transactions, and high yielding real estate loans; and (iii) a mortgage loan business which originates conduit loans for the primary purpose of selling these loans into securitization transactions.
On January 31, 2014, we completed the spin-off of our former single family residential (SFR) segment to our stockholders. The newly-formed real estate investment trust, Starwood Waypoint Residential Trust (SWAY), is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and trades under the ticker symbol SWAY. Our stockholders received one common share of SWAY for every five shares of our common stock held at the close of business on January 24, 2014. As part of the spin-off, we contributed $100 million to the unlevered balance sheet of SWAY to fund its growth and operations. As of January 31, 2014, SWAY held net assets of $1.1 billion. The net assets of SWAY consisted of approximately 7,200 units of single-family homes and residential non-performing mortgage loans as of January 31, 2014. In connection with the spin-off, 40.1 million shares of SWAY were issued. Refer to Note 3 herein for additional information regarding SFR segment financial information, which has been presented within discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations included herein.
We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust (REIT) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). As such, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on that portion of our net income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders by prescribed dates and comply with various other requirements.
We are organized as a holding company and conduct our business primarily through our various wholly-owned subsidiaries. We are externally managed and advised by SPT Management, LLC (our Manager) pursuant to the terms of a management agreement. Our Manager is controlled by Barry Sternlicht, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Our Manager is an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group, a privately-held private equity firm founded and controlled by Mr. Sternlicht.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Balance Sheet Presentation of LNR Variable Interest Entities
The acquisition of LNR substantially changed the presentation of our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). As noted above, LNR operates an investment business that acquires unrated, investment grade and non-investment grade rated CMBS. These securities represent interests in securitization structures (commonly referred to as special purpose entities, or SPEs). These SPEs are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying collateral and distribute those payments to the certificate holders. Under GAAP, SPEs typically qualify as variable interest entities (VIEs). These are entities that, by design, either (1) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) have equity investors that do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entitys operations through voting rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses, or do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity.
Because LNR often serves as the special servicer of the trusts in which it invests, consolidation of these structures is required pursuant to GAAP as outlined in detail below. This results in a consolidated balance sheet which presents the gross assets and liabilities of the SPEs. The assets and other instruments held by these SPEs are restricted and can only be used to fulfill the obligations of the entity. Additionally, the obligations of the SPEs do not have any recourse to the general credit of any other consolidated entities, nor to us as the consolidator of these SPEs.
The SPE liabilities initially represent investment securities on our balance sheet (pre-consolidation). Upon consolidation of these VIEs, our associated investment securities are eliminated, as is the interest income related to those securities. Similarly, the fees we earn in our roles as special servicer of the bonds issued by the consolidated VIEs or as collateral administrator of the consolidated VIEs are also eliminated. Finally, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible associated with the eliminated fee streams is eliminated in consolidation.
Please refer to the segment data in Note 21 herein for a presentation of the LNR business without consolidation of these VIEs.
Basis of Accounting and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs. Intercompany amounts have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows have been included.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (the Form 10-K), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.
Refer to our Form 10-K for a description of our recurring accounting policies. We have included disclosure in this Note 2 regarding principles of consolidation and other accounting policies that (i) are required to be disclosed quarterly, (ii) we view as critical, or (iii) became significant since December 31, 2013 due to a corporate action or increase in the significance of the underlying business activity.
Variable Interest Entities
We evaluate all of our interests in VIEs for consolidation. When our interests are determined to be variable interests, we assess whether we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE. ASC 810, Consolidation, defines the primary beneficiary as the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could be potentially significant. We consider our variable interests as well as any variable interests of our related parties in making this determination. Where both of these factors are present, we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and we consolidate the VIE. Where either one of these factors is not present, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate the VIE.
To assess whether we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance, we consider all facts and circumstances, including our role in establishing the VIE and our ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes first, identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance; and second, identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE or have the right to unilaterally remove those decision makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE.
To assess whether we have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, we consider all of our economic interests, including debt and equity investments, servicing fees, and other arrangements deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires that we apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE. Factors considered in assessing significance include: the design of the VIE, including its capitalization structure; subordination of interests; payment priority; relative share of interests held across various classes within the VIEs capital structure; and the reasons why the interests are held by us.
Our purchased investment securities include CMBS, which are unrated and non-investment grade rated securities issued by CMBS trusts. In certain cases, we may contract to provide special servicing activities for these CMBS trusts, or, as holder of the controlling class, we may have the right to name and remove the special servicer for these trusts. In our role as special servicer, we provide services on defaulted loans within the trusts, such as foreclosure or work-out procedures, as permitted by the underlying contractual agreements. In exchange for these services, we receive a fee. These rights give us the ability to direct activities that could significantly impact the trusts economic performance. However, in those instances where an unrelated third party has the right to unilaterally remove us as special servicer, we do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the trusts economic performance. We evaluated all of our positions in such investments for consolidation.
For VIEs in which we are determined to be the primary beneficiary, all of the underlying assets, liabilities and equity of the structures are recorded on our books, and the initial investment, along with any associated unrealized holding gains and losses, are eliminated in consolidation. Similarly, the interest income earned from these structures, as well as the fees paid by these trusts to us in our capacity as special servicer, are eliminated in consolidation. Further, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible asset associated with the servicing fee streams, and the corresponding allocable amortization or change in fair value of the servicing intangible asset, are also eliminated in consolidation.
We perform ongoing reassessments of: (1) whether any entities previously evaluated under the majority voting interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain events, and therefore subject to the VIE consolidation framework, and (2) whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding our involvement with a VIE causes our consolidation conclusion regarding the VIE to change.
We have elected the fair value option in measuring the assets and liabilities of any VIEs we consolidate. Fluctuations in the fair values of the VIE assets and liabilities, along with trust interest income and trust interest and administrative expenses, are presented net in income of consolidated VIEs in our consolidated statements of operations.
12
Discontinued Operations
On January 31, 2014, we completed the spin-off of our former SFR segment to our stockholders as discussed in Note 1. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 205, Presentation of Financial Statements, the results of the SFR segment are presented within discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013.
Fair Value Option
The guidance in ASC 825, Financial Instruments, provides a fair value option election that allows entities to make an irrevocable election of fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. The decision to elect the fair value option is determined on an instrument by instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to this guidance are required to be reported separately in our consolidated balance sheets from those instruments using another accounting method.
We have elected the fair value option for eligible financial assets and liabilities of our consolidated VIEs, loans held-for-sale originated by LNRs conduit platform, purchased CMBS issued by VIEs we could consolidate in the future and certain investments in marketable equity securities. The fair value elections for VIE and securitization related items were made in order to mitigate accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the instruments and the related assets and liabilities that we consolidate at fair value. The fair value elections for mortgage loans held-for-sale originated by LNRs conduit platform were made due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value elections for investments in marketable equity securities were made because the shares are listed on an exchange, which allows us to determine the fair value using a quoted price from an active market.
Loans Receivable and Provision for Loan Losses
In our Lending Segment we purchase and originate commercial real estate debt and related instruments generally to be held as long-term investments at amortized cost. We are required to periodically evaluate each of these loans for possible impairment. Impairment is indicated when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. If a loan is determined to be impaired, we write down the loan through a charge to the provision for loan losses. Actual losses, if any, could ultimately differ from these estimates.
We perform a quarterly review of our portfolio of loans. In connection with this review, we assess the performance of each loan and assign a risk rating based on several factors including risk of loss, loan-to-value ratio (LTV), collateral performance, structure, exit plan, and sponsorship. Loans are rated 1 through 5, from less risk to greater risk, in connection with this review.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant and subjective estimate that we make is the projection of cash flows we expect to receive on our loans, investment securities and intangible assets, which has a significant impact on the amounts of interest income, credit losses (if any), and fair values that we record and/or disclose. In addition, the fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are estimated using a discounted cash flows method is significantly impacted by the rates at which we estimate market participants would discount the expected cash flows.
Reclassifications and Measurement Period Adjustments
As a result of the spin-off, the results from our SFR segment have been reclassified as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. In addition, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, which had no effect on our previously reported net income. In that regard, we reclassified $449.1 million of proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale by LNR to cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 in order to conform to the current period presentation, which is also consistent with the presentation in our Form 10-K. These proceeds were previously reported as a non-cash financing activity and reflected net against principal repayments on borrowings for the related repurchase agreements that were settled net with those proceeds.
13
The prior period financial statements included herein reflect the retrospective measurement period adjustment related to the LNR acquisition as described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K. Such adjustment reduced earnings from unconsolidated entities and net income by $2.4 million and $4.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively.
Recent Accounting Developments
On April 10, 2014 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which requires only those disposals which represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major impact on an entitys operations or financial results be presented as discontinued operations. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within those annual periods, and requires prospective application. Early adoption is permitted for disposals not already reported in previously issued financial statements. We do not expect the application of this ASU to materially impact the Company.
On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which establishes key principles by which an entity determines the amount and timing of revenue recognized from customer contracts. The ASU is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is not permitted. We do not expect the application of this ASU to materially impact the Company.
On June 12, 2014 the FASB issued ASU 2014-11, Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures, which requires entities to account for repurchase-to-maturity transactions as secured borrowings rather than as sales and expands disclosure requirements related to certain transfers of financial assets. The ASU is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2014. Early application is not permitted. We do not expect the application of this ASU to materially impact the Company.
On August 5, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-13, Consolidation (Topic 810) - Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (CFE), which establishes a measurement alternative allowing qualifying entities to measure both the CFEs financial assets and financial liabilities based on the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable. The measurement alternative is available upon initial consolidation of the CFE or adoption of this ASU and can be applied on a CFE-by-CFE basis. The ASU is effective for annual periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early application is permitted. We have elected to apply this measurement alternative to all of our existing consolidated CFEs. Application of this ASU has no impact on the Company as it is consistent with our existing accounting practices.
3. Acquisitions and Divestitures
SFR Spin-off
As described in Note 1, on January 31, 2014, we completed the spin-off of our former SFR segment to our stockholders. The results of operations for the SFR segment are presented within discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. We have no continuing involvement with the SFR segment following the spin-off. Subsequent to the spin-off, SWAY entered into a management agreement with an affiliate of our Manager. The following table presents the summarized consolidated results of discontinued operations for the SFR segment prior to the spin-off (in thousands):
5,155
3,876
8,913
14,048
(1)
6,369
27,543
Loss before other income and income taxes
(8,893
(2,493
(18,630
5,195
942
6,598
Loss before income taxes
(12,032
Income tax benefit (provision)
(12
Net loss
(1) Costs and expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 include allocated interest expense of $2.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively. Refer to Note 21 for discussion of our cost allocation method.
The following table presents the summarized consolidated balance sheet of the SFR segment as of January 31, 2014, the date of the spin-off (in thousands):
January 31, 2014
111,960
189
812,017
211,019
9,498
1,144,683
24,346
1,130,405
Accumulated deficit
(11,662
Total Stockholders Equity
1,118,743
1,594
1,120,337
LNR Acquisition
As described in Note 1, on April 19, 2013, we acquired the equity of LNR for an initial agreed upon purchase price of $859 million, which was reduced for transaction expenses and distributions occurring after September 30, 2012, resulting in cash consideration of approximately $730 million. We applied the provisions of ASC 805 in accounting for our acquisition of LNR. Refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of the LNR acquisition including the final purchase price allocation and retrospective measurement period adjustments.
4. Loans
Our loans held-for-investment are accounted for at amortized cost and our loans held-for-sale are accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, unless we have elected the fair value option. The following tables summarize our investments in mortgages and loans by subordination class as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Carrying Value
Face Amount
Weighted Average Coupon
Weighted Average Life (WAL) (years)(2)
September 30, 2014
First mortgages
3,384,985
3,445,226
5.6
%
3.7
Subordinated mortgages(1)
386,865
418,221
8.5
4.0
Mezzanine loans
1,432,994
1,429,777
10.6
3.1
Total loans held-for-investment
5,204,844
5,293,224
Loans held-for-sale, fair value option elected
248,620
4.7
9.8
142,681
5.3
2.5
Total gross loans
5,595,525
5,684,525
Loan loss allowance (loans held-for-investment)
(5,917
Total net loans
5,589,608
December 31, 2013
2,714,512
2,766,217
5.5
4.3
407,462
442,475
9.7
4.2
1,245,728
1,246,841
11.7
3.5
4,367,702
4,455,533
209,099
9.6
180,483
5.4
2.9
4,754,788
4,845,115
(3,984
4,750,804
(1) Subordinated mortgages include B-notes and junior participations in first mortgages where we do not own the senior A-note or senior participation. If we own both the A-note and B-note, we categorize the loan as a first mortgage loan.
(2) Represents the WAL of each respective group of loans as of the respective balance sheet date. The WAL of each individual loan is calculated using amounts and timing of future principal payments, as projected at origination.
As of September 30, 2014, approximately $4.2 billion, or 74.5%, of all of our loans were variable rate and paid interest principally at LIBOR plus a weighted-average spread of 6.18%. The following table summarizes our investments in floating rate loans (amounts in thousands):
Index
Base Rate
1 Month LIBOR USD
0.1565%
129,608
0.1677%
150,076
3 Month LIBOR GBP
0.5653%
385,448
0.5253%
392,950
3 Month LIBOR EUR
0.0571%
28,658
LIBOR floor
0.15% - 3.00% (1)
3,618,041
0.19% - 3.00% (1)
2,688,308
4,161,755
3,231,334
(1) The weighted-average LIBOR floor was 0.36% and 0.49% as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
Our loans are typically collateralized by real estate. As a result, we regularly evaluate the extent and impact of any credit deterioration associated with the performance and/or value of the underlying collateral property, as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower. Specifically, a propertys operating results and any cash reserves are analyzed and used to assess (i) whether cash flow from operations is sufficient to cover the debt service requirements currently and into the future, (ii) the ability of the borrower to refinance the loan at maturity, and/or (iii) the propertys liquidation value. We also evaluate the financial wherewithal of any loan guarantors as well as the borrowers competency in managing and operating the properties. In addition, we consider the overall economic environment, real estate sector, and geographic sub-market in which the borrower operates. Such impairment analyses are completed and reviewed by asset management and finance personnel who utilize various data sources, including (i) periodic financial data such as property operating statements, occupancy, tenant profile, rental rates, operating expenses, the borrowers exit plan, and capitalization and discount rates, (ii) site inspections, and (iii) current credit spreads and discussions with market participants.
Our evaluation process as described above produces an internal risk rating between 1 and 5, which is a weighted-average of the numerical ratings in the following categories: (i) sponsor capability and financial condition, (ii) loan and collateral performance relative to underwriting, (iii) quality and stability of collateral cash flows, and (iv) loan structure. We utilize the overall risk ratings as a concise means to monitor any credit migration on a loan as well as on the whole portfolio. While the overall risk rating is generally not the sole factor we use in determining whether a loan is impaired, a loan with a higher overall risk rating would tend to have more adverse indicators of impairment, and therefore would be more likely to experience a credit loss.
The rating categories generally include the characteristics described below, but these are utilized as guidelines and therefore not every loan will have all of the characteristics described in each category:
Rating
Characteristics
1
· Sponsor capability and financial conditionSponsor is highly rated or investment grade or, if private, the equivalent thereof with significant management experience.
· Loan collateral and performance relative to underwritingThe collateral has surpassed underwritten expectations.
· Quality and stability of collateral cash flowsOccupancy is stabilized, the property has had a history of consistently high occupancy, and the property has a diverse and high quality tenant mix.
· Loan structureLoan-to-collateral value ratio (LTV) does not exceed 65%. The loan has structural features that enhance the credit profile.
· Sponsor capability and financial conditionStrong sponsorship with experienced management team and a responsibly leveraged portfolio.
· Loan collateral and performance relative to underwritingCollateral performance equals or exceeds underwritten expectations and covenants and performance criteria are being met or exceeded.
16
· Quality and stability of collateral cash flowsOccupancy is stabilized with a diverse tenant mix.
· Loan structureLTV does not exceed 70% and unique property risks are mitigated by structural features.
· Sponsor capability and financial conditionSponsor has historically met its credit obligations, routinely pays off loans at maturity, and has a capable management team.
· Loan collateral and performance relative to underwritingProperty performance is consistent with underwritten expectations.
· Quality and stability of collateral cash flowsOccupancy is stabilized, near stabilized, or is on track with underwriting.
· Loan structureLTV does not exceed 80%.
· Sponsor capability and financial conditionSponsor credit history includes missed payments, past due payment, and maturity extensions. Management team is capable but thin.
· Loan collateral and performance relative to underwritingProperty performance lags behind underwritten expectations. Performance criteria and loan covenants have required occasional waivers. A sale of the property may be necessary in order for the borrower to pay off the loan at maturity.
· Quality and stability of collateral cash flowsOccupancy is not stabilized and the property has a large amount of rollover.
· Loan structureLTV is 80% to 90%.
· Sponsor capability and financial conditionCredit history includes defaults, deeds-in-lieu, foreclosures, and/or bankruptcies.
· Loan collateral and performance relative to underwritingProperty performance is significantly worse than underwritten expectations. The loan is not in compliance with loan covenants and performance criteria and may be in default. Sale proceeds would not be sufficient to pay off the loan at maturity.
· Quality and stability of collateral cash flowsThe property has material vacancy and significant rollover of remaining tenants.
· Loan structureLTV exceeds 90%.
As of September 30, 2014, the risk ratings for loans subject to our rating system, which excludes loans on the cost recovery method and loans for which the fair value option has been elected, by class of loan were as follows (amounts in thousands):
Balance Sheet Classification
Loans Held-For-Investment
Loans
Risk Rating Category
First Mortgages
Subordinated Mortgages
Mezzanine Loans
Cost Recovery Loans
Loans Held- For-Sale
Transferred As Secured Borrowings
% of Total Loans
102,161
113,510
214,834
12,936
443,441
7.9
3,138,864
241,107
1,102,588
129,580
4,612,139
82.5
93,446
32,248
115,572
241,266
45,965
0.8
N/A
446
4,103
252,714
4.5
3,380,882
100.0
17
As of December 31, 2013, the risk ratings for loans subject to our rating system by class of loan were as follows (amounts in thousands):
94,981
103,369
153,119
13,022
364,491
7.7
2,452,763
272,375
1,012,674
167,392
3,905,204
82.1
153,987
31,718
79,935
265,640
12,781
219,453
4.6
2,701,731
After completing our impairment evaluation process, we concluded that no impairment charges were required on any individual loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2014 or December 31, 2013. As of September 30, 2014, approximately $4.1 million of our loans held-for-investment were in default, all of which are within the LNR Segment and were acquired as non-performing loans prior to the April 19, 2013 acquisition.
In accordance with our policies, we record an allowance for loan losses equal to (i) 1.5% of the aggregate carrying amount of loans rated as a 4, plus (ii) 5% of the aggregate carrying amount of loans rated as a 5. The following table presents the activity in our allowance for loan losses (amounts in thousands):
Allowance for loan losses at January 1
3,984
2,061
Provision for loan losses
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Allowance for loan losses at September 30
5,917
3,976
Recorded investment in loans related to the allowance for loan loss
287,231
265,068
The activity in our loan portfolio was as follows (amounts in thousands):
Balance at January 1
3,000,335
Acquisitions/originations/additional funding
3,283,546
2,770,895
Capitalized interest(1)
31,994
12,481
Basis of loans sold(2)
(1,505,764
(1,221,396
Loan maturities/principal repayments
(1,009,222
(394,908
Discount accretion/premium amortization
16,756
26,917
Changes in fair value
Unrealized foreign currency remeasurement gain (loss)
(21,088
3,784
(1,517
Change in loan loss allowance, net
(1,933
(1,915
Transfer to other assets
(3,503
Balance at September 30
4,220,991
(1) Represents accrued interest income on loans whose terms do not require current payment of interest.
(2) See Note 10 for additional disclosure on these transactions.
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5. Investment Securities
Investment securities were comprised of the following as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Carrying Value as of
RMBS, available-for-sale
216,319
296,236
Single-borrower CMBS, available-for-sale
106,086
114,346
CMBS, fair value option (1)
697,733
550,282
Held-to-maturity (HTM) securities
371,467
368,318
Equity security, fair value option
15,471
15,247
Subtotal - Investment securities
1,407,076
1,344,429
VIE eliminations (1)
(512,774
(409,322
Total investment securities
(1) Certain fair value option CMBS are eliminated in consolidation against VIE liabilities pursuant to ASC 810.
Purchases, sales and principal collections for all investment securities were as follows (amounts in thousands):
Three Months ended
Available-for-sale
CMBS, fair
HTM
RMBS
CMBS
value option
Securities
Security
Purchases
13,777
Sales
5,588
Principal collections
21,870
21,885
September 30, 2013
21,982
23,871
206,972
14,124
2,546
16,670
Nine Months ended
67,230
68,134
32,032
40,155
805
38
20,090
23,601
37,174
82,754
12,713
413,323
10,072
6,769
46,762
10,031
RMBS and Single-borrower CMBS, Available-for-Sale
With the exception of one CMBS classified as HTM, the Company classified all of its RMBS and CMBS investments where the fair value option has not been elected as available-for-sale as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. These RMBS and CMBS are reported at fair value in the balance sheet with changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI).
The tables below summarize various attributes of our investments in available-for-sale RMBS and single-borrower CMBS where the fair value option has not been elected as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Unrealized Gains or (Losses) Recognized in AOCI
Purchase Amortized Cost
Credit OTTI
Recorded Amortized Cost
Non-Credit OTTI
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Net Fair Value Adjustment
Fair Value
170,026
(10,152
159,874
56,709
56,445
Single-borrower CMBS
97,817
8,269
267,843
257,691
64,978
64,714
322,405
253,912
(11,134
242,778
(55
55,154
(1,641
53,458
100,687
13,659
354,599
343,465
68,813
67,117
410,582
Weighted Average Coupon(1)
Weighted Average Rating (Standard & Poors)
WAL (Years)(3)
1.0
B
7.0
11.6
BB+
(2)
3.4
6.8
11.5
5.9
(1) Calculated using the September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 one-month LIBOR rate of 0.157% and 0.168%, respectively, for floating rate securities.
(2) As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, approximately 99.4% and 98.8%, respectively, of the CMBS securities were rated BB+.
(3) Represents the WAL of each respective group of securities as of the respective balance sheet date. The WAL of each individual security is calculated using projected amounts and projected timing of future principal payments.
As of September 30, 2014, $0.5 million, or 0.5%, of the single-borrower CMBS were variable rate. As of December 31, 2013, $1.3 million, or 1.2%, of the single-borrower CMBS were variable rate. As of September 30, 2014, approximately $143.3 million, or 66.3%, of RMBS were variable rate and paid interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread of 0.44%. As of December 31, 2013, approximately $256.1 million, or 86.5%, of RMBS were variable rate and paid interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread of 0.37%. We purchased all of the RMBS at a discount that will be accreted into income over the expected remaining life of the security. The majority of the income from this strategy is earned from the accretion of these discounts.
20
The following table contains a reconciliation of aggregate principal balance to amortized cost for our RMBS and single-borrower CMBS as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, excluding CMBS where we have elected the fair value option (amounts in thousands):
Principal balance
283,891
414,020
Accretable yield
(93,849
(101,046
Non-accretable difference
(30,168
(70,196
Total discount
(124,017
(171,242
Amortized cost
The principal balance of credit deteriorated RMBS was $228.5 million and $320.4 million as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Accretable yield related to these securities totaled $71.2 million and $78.3 million as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
The following table discloses the changes to accretable yield and non-accretable difference for our RMBS and single-borrower CMBS during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, excluding CMBS where we have elected the fair value option (amounts in thousands):
Accretable Yield
Non-Accretable Difference
Three Months ended September 30, 2014
Balance as of July 1, 2014
90,876
38,642
Accretion of discount
(4,015
Principal write-downs
(633
(853
OTTI
Transfer to/from non-accretable difference
7,841
(7,841
Balance as of September 30, 2014
93,849
30,168
Nine Months ended September 30, 2014
Balance as of January 1, 2014
101,046
70,196
(13,902
(1,508
(13,091
(18,937
213
19,583
(19,583
Subject to certain limitations on durations, we have allocated an amount to invest in RMBS that cannot exceed 10% of our total assets excluding LNR VIEs. We have engaged a third party manager who specializes in RMBS to execute the trading of RMBS, the cost of which was $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, which has been recorded as management fees in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
21
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities (i) where we have not elected the fair value option, (ii) that were in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and (iii) for which OTTIs (full or partial) have not been recognized in earnings (amounts in thousands):
Estimated Fair Value
Unrealized Losses
Securities with a loss less than 12 months
Securities with a loss greater than 12 months
26,344
1,809
(1,444
(252
CMBS, Fair Value Option
As discussed in the Fair Value Option section of Note 2 herein, we elect the fair value option for LNRs CMBS in an effort to eliminate accounting mismatches resulting from the current or potential consolidation of securitization VIEs. As of September 30, 2014, the fair value and unpaid principal balance of CMBS where we have elected the fair value option, before consolidation of securitization VIEs, was $697.7 million and $3.9 billion, respectively. These balances represent our economic interests in these assets. However, as a result of our consolidation of securitization VIEs, the vast majority of this fair value ($512.8 million at September 30, 2014) is eliminated against VIE liabilities before arriving at our GAAP balance for fair value option CMBS. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, we purchased $43.4 million and $195.2 million of CMBS, respectively, for which we elected the fair value option. Due to our consolidation of securitization VIEs, $29.7 million and $128.0 million, respectively, of these amounts are reflected as repayment of debt of consolidated VIEs in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, none of our CMBS where we have elected the fair value option were variable rate. The table below summarizes various attributes of our investment in fair value option CMBS as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Weighted Average Rating
WAL (Years)(1)
CMBS, fair value option
4.8
CCC
5.7
CC
4.4
(1) The WAL of each security is calculated based on the period of time over which we expect to receive principal cash flows. Expected principal cash flows are based on contractual payments net of expected losses.
(2) As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, excludes $39.2 million and $55.5 million, respectively, in fair value option CMBS that are not rated.
HTM Securities
The table below summarizes various attributes of our investments in HTM securities as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Net Carrying Amount (Amortized Cost)
Gross Unrealized Holding Gains
Gross Unrealized Holding Losses
Preferred interests
287,327
273
287,600
84,140
(40
84,100
371,700
284,087
135
284,222
84,231
368,453
22
During 2013, we originated two preferred equity interests of $246.1 million and $37.2 million, respectively, in limited liability companies that own commercial real estate. These preferred equity interests mature in December 2018 and April 2015, respectively. During 2013, we also purchased a CMBS security with a face value and purchase price of $84.1 million, which we expect to hold to maturity. The stated maturity of this security is November 2016.
Equity Security, Fair Value Option
During 2012, we acquired 9,140,000 ordinary shares from a related-party (approximately a 4% interest) in Starwood European Real Estate Finance Limited (SEREF), a debt fund that is externally managed by an affiliate of our Manager and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. We have elected to report the investment using the fair value option because the shares are listed on an exchange, which allows us to determine the fair value using a quoted price from an active market, and also due to potential lags in reporting resulting from differences in the respective regulatory requirements. The fair value of the investment remeasured in U.S. dollars (USD) was $15.5 million and $15.2 million as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
6. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
The below table summarizes our investments in unconsolidated entities as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Participation /
Carrying value as of
Carrying value over (under) equity in net assets as of
Ownership %(1)
September 30, 2014(2)
Equity method:
Investor entity which owns equity in two real estate services providers
50%
20,423
19,371
Small balance bridge loan financing venture
26,931
26,121
European investment fund
4,569
23,779
(2,883
Mezzanine loan venture
49%
23,335
23,676
Bridge loan venture
various
10,282
14,163
Various
25% - 50%
5,185
4,371
90,725
111,481
Cost method:
Investment funds which own equity in a loan servicer and other real estate assets
4% - 6%
9,225
8,014
2% - 10%
10,619
3,459
19,844
11,473
(1) None of these investments are publicly traded and therefore quoted market prices are not available.
(2) Differences between the carrying value of our investment and the underlying equity in net assets of the investee are accounted for as if the investee were a consolidated entity in accordance with ASC 323, InvestmentsEquity Method and Joint Ventures.
In October 2014, we committed $150 million for a 33% equity interest in SCG Core-Plus Retail Fund, L.P., a newly formed partnership established by an affiliate of our Manager for the purpose of acquiring and operating four regional shopping malls. Refer to Note 22 for further discussion.
7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets of LNR acquired on April 19, 2013. The goodwill recognized is attributable to value embedded in LNRs existing platform, which includes an international network of commercial real estate asset managers, work-out specialists, underwriters and administrative support professionals as well as proprietary historical performance data on commercial real estate assets.
Servicing Rights Intangibles
In connection with the LNR acquisition, we identified domestic and European servicing rights that existed at the purchase date, based upon the expected future cash flows of the associated servicing contracts. All of our servicing fees are specified by these Pooling and Servicing Agreements. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the balance of the domestic servicing intangible was net of $57.7 million and $80.6 million, respectively, that was eliminated in consolidation pursuant to ASC 810 against VIE assets in connection with our consolidation of securitization VIEs. Before VIE consolidation, as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the domestic servicing intangible had a balance of $188.1 million and $230.7 million, respectively, which represents our economic interest in this asset.
The table below presents information about our GAAP servicing intangibles for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):
Domestic servicing rights, at fair value
Fair value at January 1
150,149
Acquisition of LNR
156,993
Changes in fair value due to changes in inputs and assumptions
1,030
Other
(1,058
Fair value at September 30
130,420
158,023
European servicing rights
Net carrying amount at January 1 (fair value of $29.3 million)
27,024
32,649
Foreign exchange (loss) gain
(190
1,825
Amortization and OTTI
(11,464
(4,765
Net carrying value at September 30 (fair value of $15.9 million and $31.4 million)
15,370
29,709
Total servicing rights at September 30
187,732
8. Secured Financing Agreements
The following table is a summary of our secured financing agreements in place as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands):
Pledged
Asset
Maximum
Carrying Value at
Current
Extended
Carrying
Facility
September 30,
December 31,
Maturity
Maturity(a)
Pricing
Size
Lender 1 Repo 1
(b)
LIBOR + 1.85% to 5.25%
1,140,557
1,000,000
(c)
686,995
449,323
Lender 1 Repo 2
(d)
LIBOR + 1.90%
214,803
145,000
130,367
127,943
Lender 1 Repo 3
Dec 2014
Dec 2016
LIBOR + 2.75%
161,693
120,021
154,133
Lender 2 Repo 1
Oct 2015
Oct 2018
LIBOR + 1.75% to 2.75%
328,615
325,000
222,802
100,886
Lender 3 Repo 1
May 2017
May 2019
LIBOR + 2.85%
180,570
126,733
50,871
Conduit Repo 1
Sep 2015
Sep 2016
219,928
250,000
165,098
129,843
Conduit Repo 2
Nov 2014(e)
LIBOR + 2.10%
5,444
150,000
4,125
Lender 4 Repo 1
Oct 2017
LIBOR + 2.60%
433,216
340,473
347,697
Lender 5 Repo 1
Dec 2014(f)
LIBOR + 2.00%
58,467
Lender 6 Repo 1
Aug 2017
Aug 2018
79,493
64,000
Borrowing Base
Sep 2017
LIBOR + 3.25% (g)
809,747
285,000
(h)
124,504
169,104
Term Loan
Apr 2020
LIBOR + 2.75% (g)
2,985,124
666,731
664,523
(i)
669,293
6,643,330
3,717,425
(a) Subject to certain conditions as defined in the respective facility agreement.
(b) Maturity date for borrowings collateralized by loans of January 2017 before extension options and January 2019 assuming initial extension options. Maturity date for borrowings collateralized by CMBS of January 2015 before extension options and January 2016 assuming initial extension options.
(c) In October 2014, we amended the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility to upsize available borrowings from $1.0 billion to $1.25 billion.
(d) The date that is 180 days after the buyer delivers notice to seller, subject to a maximum date of March 13, 2015.
(e) In October 2014, we amended the Conduit Repo 2 facility to extend the maturity date to November 2016 assuming the exercise of a one-year extension.
(f) In October 2014, we amended the Lender 5 Repo1 facility to extend the maturity date to December 2015.
(g) Subject to borrowers option to choose alternative benchmark based rates pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement. The Term Loan is also subject to a 75 basis point floor.
(h) Maximum borrowings under this facility were temporarily increased from $250.0 million to $285.0 million. This increase expired on October 17, 2014.
(i) Term loan outstanding balance is net of $2.2 million and $2.5 million of unamortized discount as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
In the normal course of business, the Company is in discussions with its lenders to extend or amend any financing facilities which contain near term expirations.
In January 2014, we amended the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility to (i) upsize available borrowings to $1.0 billion from $550 million; (ii) extend the maturity date for loan collateral to January 2019 and for CMBS collateral to January 2016, each from August 2014, and each assuming initial extension options; (iii) allow for up to four additional one-year extension options with respect to any loan collateral that remains financed at maturity, in an effort to match the term of the maturity dates of these assets; (iv) reduce pricing and debt-yield thresholds for purchased assets; and (v) amend certain financial covenants to contemplate the spin-off of the SFR segment. STWD guarantees certain of the obligations of the consolidated subsidiary, which is the borrower under the repurchase agreement, up to a maximum liability of either 25% or 100% of the then-currently outstanding repurchase price of purchased assets, depending upon the type of asset being financed. In October 2014, we again amended this facility to upsize available borrowings to $1.25 billion. Refer to Note 22 for further discussion.
In May 2014, we amended our Lender 3 Repo 1 facility to (i) increase additional borrowings by $42.7 million; (ii) extend the maturity date for loan collateral to May 2019, assuming the exercise of two one-year extension options; (iii) reduce pricing for all purchased assets; and (iv) increase advance rates for certain purchased assets.
In July 2014, we amended the Lender 2 Repo 1 facility to upsize available borrowings from $225 million to $325 million and reduce pricing.
In July 2014, we amended the Lender 1 Repo 2 facility to reduce available borrowings from $175 million to $145 million. Term and pricing were unchanged.
In August 2014, we executed a $250 million repurchase facility (Lender 6 Repo 1) with a new lender. The facility has a three year term with a one year extension available at the option of the lender. The facility carries an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 2.75% and eligible collateral includes identified commercial mortgage loans and other asset types at the discretion of the lender.
In September 2014, we amended the Conduit Repo 1 facility to extend the maturity date to September 2016, assuming the exercise of a one-year extension option, and reduce pricing.
In October 2014, we amended the Conduit Repo 2 facility to extend the maturity date. Refer to Note 22 for further discussion.
In October 2014, we amended the Lender 5 Repo1 facility to extend the maturity date to December 2015 and reduce pricing.
Our secured financing agreements contain certain financial tests and covenants. As of September 30, 2014, we were in compliance with all such covenants.
25
The following table sets forth our five-year principal repayments schedule for the secured financings, assuming no defaults or expected extensions and excluding the loans transferred as secured borrowings. Our credit facilities generally require principal to be paid down prior to the facilities respective maturities if and when we receive principal payments on, or sell, the investment collateral that we have pledged. The amount reflected in each period includes principal repayments on our credit facilities that would be required if (i) we received the repayments that we expect to receive on the investments that have been pledged as collateral under the credit facilities, as applicable, and (ii) the credit facilities that are expected to have amounts outstanding at their current maturity dates are extended where extension options are available to us (amounts in thousands):
2014 (remainder of)
231,992
2015
158,518
2016
174,244
2017
672,144
2018
276,124
Thereafter(1)
1,197,294
2,710,316
(1) Principal paydown of the Term Loan through 2020 excludes $2.2 million of discount amortization.
Secured financing maturities for the remainder of 2014 primarily relate to $165.1 million on the Conduit Repo 1 facility and $58.5 million on the Lender 5 Repo 1 facility.
As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we had approximately $25.7 million and $22.5 million, respectively, of deferred financing costs from secured financing agreements, net of amortization, which is included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, approximately $2.9 million, and $8.2 million, respectively, of amortization was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, approximately $2.1 million, and $7.0 million, respectively, of amortization was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
9. Convertible Senior Notes
On February 15, 2013, we issued $600.0 million of 4.55% Convertible Senior Notes due 2018 (the 2018 Notes). On July 3, 2013, we issued $460.0 million of 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 (the 2019 Notes). The following summarizes the unsecured Convertible Senior Notes (collectively, the Convertible Notes) outstanding as of September 30, 2014 (amounts in thousands, except rates):
Principal Amount
Coupon Rate
Effective Rate(1)
Conversion Rate(2)
Maturity Date
Remaining Period of Amortization
2018 Notes
599,981
4.55
6.08
44.8925
3/1/2018
3.4 years
2019 Notes
459,997
4.00
5.37
47.7746
1/15/2019
4.3 years
Total principal
1,059,978
1,060,000
Net unamortized discount
(53,051
(62,149
Carrying amount of debt components
Carrying amount of conversion option equity components recorded in additional paid-in capital
(1) Effective rate includes the effects of underwriter purchase discount and the adjustment for the conversion option, the value of which reduced the initial liability and was recorded in additional paid-in-capital.
(2) The conversion rate represents the number of shares of common stock issuable per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes converted, as adjusted in accordance with the applicable indentures as a result of the spin-off of the SFR segment and cash dividend payments. The if-converted value of the 2019 Notes exceeded their principal amount by $22.6 million at September 30, 2014 since the closing market price of $21.96 per share exceeded the implicit conversion price of $20.93 per share for the 2019 Notes. The Company has asserted its intent and ability to settle the principal
amount of the Convertible Notes in cash. As a result, conversion of this principal amount, totaling 47.9 million and 48.0 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, was not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share (EPS). However, the conversion spread value, representing 1.0 million and 0.9 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, was included in the computation of diluted EPS. The if-converted value of the 2018 Notes was less than their principal amount by $8.6 million at September 30, 2014 since the closing market price of the Companys common stock of $21.96 per share was less than the implicit conversion price of $22.28 per share. As a result, no dilution related to the 2018 Notes was included in the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion.
As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we had approximately $1.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of deferred financing costs from our Convertible Notes, net of amortization, which is included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Conditions for Conversion
Prior to September 1, 2017 for the 2018 Notes and July 15, 2018 for the 2019 Notes, the Convertible Notes will be convertible only upon satisfaction of one or more of the following conditions: (1) the closing market price of the Companys common stock is at least 130% of the conversion price of the respective Convertible Notes for at least 20 out of 30 trading days prior to the end of the preceding fiscal quarter, (2) the trading price of the Convertible Notes is less than 98% of the product of (i) the conversion rate and (ii) the closing price of the Companys common stock during any five consecutive trading day period, (3) the Company issues certain equity instruments at less than the 10-day average closing market price of its common stock or the per-share value of certain distributions exceeds the market price of the Companys common stock by more than 10% or (4) other specified corporate events (significant consolidation, sale, merger, share exchange, fundamental change, etc.) occur.
On or after September 1, 2017 for the 2018 Notes and July 15, 2018 for the 2019 Notes, holders may convert each of their notes at the applicable conversion rate at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.
Impact of Spin-off on Convertible Senior Notes
As described in Note 1, on January 31, 2014, the Company distributed all of its interest in the SFR segment to the Companys stockholders of record as of January 24, 2014. As the per-share value of the distribution was expected to exceed 10% of the last reported market price of the Companys common stock on the trading day prior to the announcement for such distribution, holders of the Convertible Notes were eligible to surrender their notes for conversion at any time during the period beginning November 26, 2013 (the 45th trading day immediately prior to the scheduled ex-dividend date for the distribution) and ending on the close of the business day immediately preceding February 3, 2014, the ex-dividend date for such distribution. During this period, the Company received notices of conversion totaling $19 thousand and $3 thousand in principal for the 2018 Notes and 2019 Notes, respectively. The cash settlement of these conversions occurred in April 2014.
Due to the distribution, the quarterly dividend threshold amounts for the Convertible Notes were adjusted to $0.3548 and $0.3710 (from $0.44 and $0.46) per share of common stock for the 2018 Notes and 2019 Notes, respectively, effective February 3, 2014.
Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion regarding our accounting for the Convertible Notes.
October 2014 Convertible Senior Notes
On October 8, 2014, we issued $431.3 million of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2017. Refer to Note 22 for further discussion.
10. Loan Securitization/Sale Activities
As described below, we regularly sell loans and notes under various strategies. We evaluate such sales as to whether they meet the criteria for treatment as a salelegal isolation, ability of transferee to pledge or exchange the transferred assets without constraint, and transfer of control.
Within LNR, we originate commercial mortgage loans with the intent to sell these mortgage loans to SPEs for the purposes of securitization. These SPEs then issue CMBS that are collateralized in part by these assets, as well as other assets transferred to the SPE. In certain instances, we retain a subordinated interest in the SPE and serve as special servicer for the SPE. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, we sold $482.1 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, par value of loans held-for-sale from our conduit platform for their fair values of $498.8 million and $1.2 billion, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the sale proceeds were used in part to repay $361.5 million and $839.6 million, respectively, of the outstanding balance of the repurchase agreements associated with these loans.
Within the Lending Segment (refer to Note 21), we originate or acquire loans and then subsequently sell a portion, which can be in various forms including first mortgages, A-Notes, senior participations and mezzanine loans. Typically, our motivation for entering into these transactions is to effectively create leverage on the subordinated position that we will retain and hold for investment. In certain instances, we continue to service the loan following its sale. The following table summarizes our loans sold and loans transferred as secured borrowings by the Lending Segment net of expenses (in thousands):
Loan Transfers Accounted for as Sales
Loan Transfers Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
Proceeds
For the three months ended September 30,
142,896
138,958
271,553
272,131
For the nine months ended September 30,
347,755
368,933
11. Derivatives and Hedging Activity
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
We are exposed to certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions. Refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of our risk management objectives and policies.
Designated Hedges
Our objective in using interest rate derivatives is to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
In connection with our repurchase agreements, we have entered into seven outstanding interest rate swaps that have been designated as cash flow hedges of the interest rate risk associated with forecasted interest payments. As of September 30, 2014, the aggregate notional amount of our interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk totaled $132.6 million. Under these agreements, we will pay fixed monthly coupons at fixed rates ranging from 0.56% to 2.23% of the notional amount to the counterparty and receive floating rate LIBOR. Our interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk have maturities ranging from November 2015 to May 2021.
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in AOCI and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, we did not recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in earnings.
Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the associated variable-rate debt. Over the next twelve months, we estimate that an additional $0.8 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense. We are hedging our exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions over a maximum period of 80 months.
Non-designated Hedges
Derivatives not designated as hedges are derivatives that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting under GAAP or which we have not elected to designate as hedges. We do not use these derivatives for speculative purposes but instead they are used to manage our exposure to foreign exchange rates, interest rate changes, and certain credit spreads. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments in our
condensed consolidated statements of operations. The LNR conduit platform uses interest rate and credit index instruments to manage exposures related to commercial mortgage loans held-for-sale.
We have entered into a series of forward contracts whereby we agreed to sell an amount of foreign currency for an agreed upon amount of USD at various dates through January 2018. These forward contracts were executed to economically fix the USD amounts of foreign denominated cash flows expected to be received by us related to foreign denominated loan investments.
As of September 30, 2014, we had 60 foreign exchange forward derivatives to sell pounds sterling (GBP) with a total notional amount of £219.7 million, 30 foreign exchange forward derivatives to sell Euros (EUR) with a total notional amount of 109.6 million, 2 foreign exchange forward derivatives to sell Swedish Krona (SEK) with a total notional of SEK 23.0 million, 1 foreign exchange forward derivative to sell Norwegian Krone (NOK) with a notional of NOK 1.3 million and 1 foreign exchange forward to sell Danish Krone (DKK) with a notional of DKK 3.2 million that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships. As of September 30, 2014, there were 48 interest rate swaps where the Company is paying fixed rates, with maturities ranging from 2 to 10 years and a total notional amount of $286.5 million, 3 interest rate swaps where the Company is receiving fixed rates with maturities ranging from 0 to 3 years and a total notional of $17.4 million and 7 credit index instruments with a total notional amount of $35.0 million. The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Fair Value of Derivatives in an Asset Position(1) As of
Fair Value of Derivatives in a Liability Position(2) As of
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps
198
125
242
729
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
2,213
5,102
849
983
Foreign exchange contracts
10,005
269
22,480
Credit index instruments
938
2,273
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
13,156
7,644
5,220
23,463
Total derivatives
(1) Classified as derivative assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2) Classified as derivative liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The tables below present the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (effective portion)
(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (effective portion)
(Loss) Gain Recognized in Income (ineffective portion)
Location of (Loss) Recognized in Income
186
(344
(594
(397
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(522
(1,081
332
(1,251
29
Derivatives Not Designated as
Location of Gain (Loss)
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for the Three Months Ended September 30,
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Hedging Instruments
Recognized in Income
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments
1,054
(4,261
(5,639
2,752
28,123
(17,459
18,293
(2,692
98
(731
(1,035
(125
Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
We have entered into agreements with certain of our derivative counterparties that contain provisions providing that if we were to default on any of our indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, we may also be declared in default on our derivative obligations. We also have certain agreements that contain provisions providing that if our ratio of principal amount of indebtedness to total assets at any time exceeds 75%, then we could be declared in default of our derivative obligations.
As of September 30, 2014, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk related to these agreements, was $0.3 million. As of September 30, 2014, we had posted collateral of $20.6 million related to these agreements. If we had breached any of these provisions at September 30, 2014, we could have been required to settle our obligations under the agreements at their termination liability value of $0.3 million.
12. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
The following tables present the potential effects of netting arrangements on our financial position for financial assets and liabilities within the scope of ASC 210-20, Balance SheetOffsetting, which for us are derivative assets and liabilities as well as repurchase agreement liabilities (amounts in thousands):
(ii)
(iii) = (i) - (ii)
(iv) Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
(i) Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
Financial Instruments
Cash Collateral Received / Pledged
(v) = (iii) - (iv) Net Amount
4,832
4,683
3,839
630
Repurchase agreements
1,919,081
1,924,543
1,923,913
692
1,916
5,161
7,150
16,350
1,419,163
1,443,355
1,419,855
13. Variable Interest Entities
Investment Securities
As discussed in Note 2, we evaluate all of our investments and other interests in entities for consolidation, including our investments in CMBS and our retained interests in securitization transactions we initiated, all of which are generally considered to be variable interests in VIEs.
The VIEs consolidated in accordance with ASC 810 are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying collateral and distribute those payments to the certificate holders. The assets and other instruments held by these securitization entities are restricted and can only be used to fulfill the obligations of the entity. Additionally, the obligations of the
securitization entities do not have any recourse to the general credit of any other consolidated entities, nor to us as the primary beneficiary. The SPE liabilities initially represent investment securities on our balance sheet (pre-consolidation). Upon consolidation of these VIEs, our associated investment securities are eliminated, as is the interest income related to those securities. Similarly, the fees we earn in our roles as special servicer of the bonds issued by the consolidated VIEs or as collateral administrator of the consolidated VIEs are also eliminated. Finally, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible associated with the eliminated fee streams is eliminated in consolidation.
VIEs in which we are the Primary Beneficiary
The inclusion of the assets and liabilities of VIEs in which we are deemed the primary beneficiary has no economic effect on us. Our exposure to the obligations of VIEs is generally limited to our investment in these entities. We are not obligated to provide, nor have we provided, any financial support for any of these consolidated structures.
VIEs in which we are not the Primary Beneficiary
In certain instances, we hold a variable interest in a VIE in the form of CMBS, but either (i) we are not appointed, or do not serve as, special servicer or (ii) an unrelated third party has the rights to unilaterally remove us as special servicer. In these instances, we do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance. In other cases, the variable interest we hold does not obligate us to absorb losses or provide us with the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could potentially be significant. For these structures, we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and we do not consolidate these VIEs.
As of September 30, 2014, one of our collateralized debt obligation (CDO) structures was in default, which pursuant to the underlying indentures, changes the rights of the variable interest holders. Upon default of a CDO, the trustee or senior note holders are allowed to exercise certain rights, including liquidation of the collateral, which at that time, is the activity which would most significantly impact the CDOs economic performance. Further, when the CDO is in default, the collateral administrator no longer has the option to purchase securities from the CDO. In cases where the CDO is in default and we do not have the ability to exercise rights which would most significantly impact the CDOs economic performance, we do not consolidate the VIE. As of September 30, 2014, this CDO structure was not consolidated. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, one of our CDOs, which was previously in default as of December 31, 2013, ceased to be in default. This event triggered the initial consolidation of the CDO and its underlying assets during the three months ended March 31, 2014.
As noted above, we are not obligated to provide, nor have we provided, any financial support for any of our securitization SPEs, whether or not we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. As such, the risk associated with our involvement in these VIEs is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the entity. As of September 30, 2014, our maximum risk of loss related to VIEs in which we were not the primary beneficiary was $185.0 million on a fair value basis.
As of September 30, 2014, the securitization SPEs which we do not consolidate had debt obligations to beneficial interest holders with unpaid principal balances of $60.4 billion. The corresponding assets are comprised primarily of commercial mortgage loans with unpaid principal balances corresponding to the amounts of the outstanding debt obligations.
14. Related-Party Transactions
Management Agreement
We are party to a management agreement (the Management Agreement) with our Manager. Under the Management Agreement, our Manager, subject to the oversight of our board of directors, is required to manage our day-to-day activities, for which our Manager receives a base management fee and is eligible for an incentive fee and stock awards. Our Managers personnel perform certain due diligence, legal, management and other services that outside professionals or consultants would otherwise perform. As such, in accordance with the terms of our Management Agreement, our Manager is paid or reimbursed for the documented costs of performing such tasks, provided that such costs and reimbursements are in amounts no greater than those which would be payable to outside professionals or consultants engaged to perform such services pursuant to agreements negotiated on an arms-length basis. Refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of this agreement.
Base Management Fee. For the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, approximately $13.8 million and $13.5 million, respectively, was incurred for base management fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, approximately $40.7 million and $35.9 million, respectively, was incurred for base management fees. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there were $13.8 million and $0, respectively, of unpaid base management fees included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Incentive Fee. For the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, approximately $4.3 million and $4.8 million, respectively, was incurred for incentive fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, approximately $15.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively, was incurred for incentive fees. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, approximately $4.3 million and $6.8 million, respectively, of unpaid incentive fees were included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Expense Reimbursement. For the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, approximately $1.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively, was incurred for executive compensation and other reimbursable expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, approximately $5.7 million and $6.3 million, respectively, was incurred for executive compensation and other reimbursable expenses. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, approximately $2.1 million and $4.4 million, respectively, of unpaid reimbursable executive compensation and other expenses were included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Manager Equity Plan
In January 2014, we granted 2,489,281 restricted stock units to our Manager under the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Manager Equity Plan (Manager Equity Plan). In connection with these grants and prior similar grants, we recognized share-based compensation expense of $6.3 million and $3.9 million within management fees in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, we recognized $19.8 million and $12.4 million, respectively, related to these awards. Refer to Note 15 herein for further discussion of these grants.
Investments in Loans
In October 2012, we co-originated $475.0 million in financing for the acquisition and redevelopment of a 10-story retail building located at 701 Seventh Avenue in the Times Square area of Manhattan through a joint venture with Starwood Distressed Opportunity Fund IX (Fund IX), an affiliate of our Manager. In January 2014, we refinanced the initial financing with an $815.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine financing to facilitate the further development of the property. Fund IX did not participate in the refinancing. As such, the joint venture distributed $31.6 million to Fund IX for the liquidation of Fund IXs interest in the joint venture.
In July 2014, we announced the co-origination of a £101.75 million first mortgage loan for the development of a 46-story residential tower and 18-story housing development containing a total of 366 private residential and affordable housing units located in London. We will originate £86.75 million of the loan, and private funds managed by an affiliate of our Manager will provide £15.0 million.
In July 2014, we co-originated a 99.0 million mortgage loan for the refinancing and refurbishment of a 239 key, full service hotel located in Amsterdam, Netherlands with SEREF and other private funds, both affiliates of our Manager. We originated 58.0 million of the loan, SEREF provided 25.0 million and the private funds provided 16.0 million.
LNR Related-Party Arrangement
In connection with the LNR acquisition, we were required to cash collateralize certain obligations of LNR, including letters of credit and performance obligations. Fund IX funded $6.2 million of this obligation, but the account is within our name and is thus reflected within our restricted cash balance. We have recognized a corresponding payable to Fund IX of $4.4 million and $6.2 million within related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entity
In October 2014, we committed $150 million for a 33% equity interest in SCG Core-Plus Retail Fund, L.P. (the Fund), of which $132 million was funded on October 14, 2014. The Fund is a newly formed partnership established for the purpose of acquiring and operating four leading regional shopping malls located in Florida, Michigan, North Carolina and Virginia. All leasing services and asset management functions for the newly acquired properties will be conducted by an affiliate of our Manager which specializes in redeveloping, managing and repositioning retail real estate assets. In addition, another affiliate of our Manager will serve as general partner of the Fund. In consideration for its services, the general partner will earn incentive distributions that are payable once we, along with the other limited partners, receive 100% of our capital and a preferred return of 8%.
32
15. Stockholders Equity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 we declared the following dividends:
Record Date
Declare Date
Pay Date
Frequency
9/30/14
8/6/14
10/15/14
Quarterly
6/30/14
5/6/14
7/15/14
3/31/14
2/24/14
4/15/14
On April 11, 2014, we issued 22.0 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $491.0 million. In connection with this offering, the underwriters had a 30-day option to purchase an additional 3.3 million shares of common stock, which they exercised in full, resulting in additional gross proceeds of $73.7 million.
On May 15, 2014, we established the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan (the DRIP Plan) which provides stockholders with a means of purchasing additional shares of our common stock by reinvesting the cash dividends paid on our common stock and by making additional optional cash purchases. Shares of our common stock purchased under the DRIP Plan will either be issued directly by the Company or purchased in the open market by the plan administrator. The Company may issue up to 11 million shares of common stock under the DRIP Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, shares issued under the DRIP Plan were not material.
On May 27, 2014, we entered into an amended and restated At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the ATM Agreement) with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated to sell shares of the Companys common stock of up to $500 million from time to time, through an at the market equity offering program. Sales of shares under the ATM Agreement will be made by means of ordinary brokers transactions on the NYSE or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we issued 759 thousand shares under the ATM Agreement for gross proceeds of $18.3 million. There were no shares issued under the ATM agreement during the three months ended September 30, 2014.
On September 26, 2014, our board of directors authorized and announced the repurchase of up to $250 million of our outstanding common stock over a period of one year. Purchases made pursuant to the program will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases are discretionary and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the three months ended September 30, 2014, we repurchased 587,900 shares of common stock for a total cost of $13.0 million under the program.
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company currently maintains the Manager Equity Plan, the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Equity Plan (the Equity Plan), and the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Non-Executive Director Stock Plan (Non-Executive Director Stock Plan). Refer to Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further information regarding these plans.
On January 2, 2014, the Company granted 2,000,000 restricted stock units to our Manager under the Manager Equity Plan. These awards vest ratably on a quarterly basis over a three-year period beginning on March 31, 2014 and had a grant date fair value of $55.4 million. On January 31, 2014, in connection with the spin-off of the SFR segment, the Company granted our Manager 489,281 restricted stock units of the Company in consideration of the Managers unvested restricted stock units. As part of the spin-off, all holders of the Companys common stock and vested restricted common stock received one SWAY common share for every five shares of the Companys common stock. At the time of the spin-off, the Manager held certain unvested restricted stock units that were not entitled to any SWAY shares. Under the legal documentation governing the outstanding restricted stock units, the Manager was entitled to receive additional restricted stock units in an amount equal to the number of such outstanding restricted stock units times the amount received in the spin-off by a holder of a share of STWD common stock (i.e., the price per share of a SWAY common share divided by five) divided by the fair market value of a share of STWD common stock on the date of the spin-off. Such make-whole issuance resulted in the Manager receiving 489,281 additional restricted stock units. In order to prevent dilution of the rights of our equity plan participants resulting from this make-whole issuance, the Equity Plan and Manager Equity Plan provide for, and, on August 12, 2014, our board of directors authorized, an increase of 489,281 shares to the maximum number of shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan and Manager Equity Plan.
As of September 30, 2014, there were 3.9 million shares available for future grants under the Manager Equity Plan, the Equity Plan and the Non-Executive Director Stock Plan.
Schedule of Non-Vested Shares and Share Equivalents
Non-Executive Director Stock Plan
Equity Plan
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
11,228
22,502
510,415
544,145
22.88
Granted
3,852
162,458
2,489,281
2,655,591
27.94
Vested
(11,228
(59,557
(858,834
(929,619
26.64
Forfeited
125,403
2,140,862
2,270,117
27.25
16. Earnings per Share
We present both basic and diluted EPS amounts in our financial statements. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the maximum potential dilution that could occur from (i) our share-based compensation, consisting of unvested restricted stock units and awards, (ii) contingently issuable shares to our Manager; and (iii) the in-the-money conversion options associated with our outstanding Convertible Notes (see further discussion below). Potential dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation if they have an anti-dilutive effect in the period.
The Companys unvested restricted stock units and awards contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends and thus are participating securities. Due to the existence of these participating securities, the two-class method of computing EPS is required, unless another method is determined to be more dilutive. Under the two-class method, undistributed earnings are reallocated between shares of common stock and participating securities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the two-class method resulted in the most dilutive EPS calculation.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income from continuing operations and the number of shares of common stock used in the computations of basic EPS and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share amounts):
For the Three Month Ended September 30,
For the Nine Month Ended September 30,
Basic Earnings
Continuing Operations:
Income from continuing operations attributable to STWD common stockholders
91,058
405,064
222,101
Less: Income attributable to unvested shares
(1,742
(310
(4,898
(1,133
Basic Income from continuing operations
163,302
90,748
400,166
220,968
Discontinued Operations:
Basic Net income attributable to STWD common stockholders after allocation to participating securities
87,050
398,615
208,924
Diluted Earnings
Basic Income from continuing operations attributable to STWD common stockholders
Add: Undistributed earnings to unvested shares
653
1,187
Less: Undistributed earnings reallocated to unvested shares
(650
(1,182
Diluted Income from continuing operations
163,305
400,171
Basic Loss from discontinued operations
Diluted Net income attributable to STWD common stockholders after allocation to participating securities
398,620
Number of Shares:
Basic Average shares outstanding
222,481
171,520
212,351
156,615
Effect of dilutive securities Convertible Notes
966
932
Effect of dilutive securities Contingently Issuable Shares
96
Diluted Average shares outstanding
223,543
213,379
Earnings Per Share Attributable to STWD Common Stockholders:
As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, unvested restricted shares of 2.3 million and 0.7 million, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS as their effect was determined to be anti-dilutive.
Also as of September 30, 2014, there were 48.9 million potential shares of common stock contingently issuable upon the conversion of the Convertible Notes. The Company has asserted its intent and ability to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes in cash. As a result, this principal amount, representing 47.9 million and 48.0 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, was not included in the computation of diluted EPS. However, as discussed in Note 9, the
35
conversion option associated with the 2019 Notes is in-the-money as the if-converted value of the 2019 Notes exceeded its principal amount by $22.6 million at September 30, 2014. The dilutive effect to EPS is determined by dividing this conversion spread value by the average share price. The conversion spread value is the value that would be delivered to investors in shares based on the terms of the Convertible Notes, upon an assumed conversion. In calculating the dilutive effect of these shares, the treasury stock method was used and resulted in a dilution of 1.0 million shares and 0.9 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The conversion option associated with the 2018 Notes is out-of-the-money because the if-converted value of the 2018 Notes was less than their principal amount by $8.6 million at September 30, 2014, therefore, there was no dilutive effect to EPS for the 2018 Notes.
17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The changes in AOCI by component are as follows (in thousands):
Effective Portion of Cumulative Loss on Cash Flow Hedges
Cumulative Unrealized Gain on Available-for- Sale Securities
Foreign Currency Translation
Balance at July 1, 2014
(575
60,446
15,091
74,962
OCI before reclassifications
4,190
(5,389
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
344
(236
108
Net period OCI
Balance at September 30, 2014
(45
64,400
5,326
Three Months ended September 30, 2013
Balance at July 1, 2013
(791
68,119
(7,043
60,285
6,821
17,194
397
(8,589
(8,192
Balance at September 30, 2013
(988
66,351
Cumulative Unrealized Gain on Available-for-Sale Securities
Balance at January 1, 2014
(604
66,566
9,487
9,563
4,880
1,081
(11,729
(10,648
Nine Months ended September 30, 2013
Balance at January 1, 2013
(2,571
82,246
7,360
11,616
1,251
(23,255
(22,004
The reclassifications out of AOCI impacted the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 as follows:
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI during the Three Months Ended September 30,
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI during the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Affected Line Item
Details about AOCI Components
in the Statements
Losses on cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities:
Net realized gain on sale of investments
236
8,537
11,942
22,802
52
(213
453
8,589
11,729
23,255
Total reclassifications for the period
(108
8,192
10,648
22,004
18. Fair Value
GAAP establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the observability of inputs utilized in measuring financial assets and liabilities at fair value. GAAP establishes market-based or observable inputs as the preferred source of values, followed by valuation models using management assumptions in the absence of market inputs. The three levels of the hierarchy are described below:
Level IInputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
Level IIInputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instruments anticipated life.
Level IIIInputs reflect managements best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.
Valuation Process
We have valuation control processes in place to validate the fair value of the Companys financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value including those derived from pricing models. These control processes are designed to assure that the values used for financial reporting are based on observable inputs wherever possible. Refer to Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of our valuation process.
We determine the fair value of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis in accordance with the methodology described in our Form 10-K.
The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets by their level in the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Level I
Level II
Level III
Financial Assets:
Loans held-for-sale, fair value option
291,045
Equity security
Domestic servicing rights
VIE assets
110,383,067
110,354,242
Financial Liabilities:
VIE liabilities
105,068,183
3,811,739
108,885,384
105,073,645
255,306
47,300
208,006
104,083,003
55,069
104,012,687
101,051,279
1,597,984
102,673,455
101,075,471
The changes in financial assets and liabilities classified as Level III were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Loans Held-for-sale
Domestic Servicing Rights
VIE Assets
VIE Liabilities
July 1, 2014 balance
154,412
231,605
282,361
138,318
114,091,158
(5,186,125
109,711,729
Total realized and unrealized gains(losses):
Included in earnings:
Change in fair value / gain on sale
535
2,471
(7,898
(5,261,507
237,693
(5,013,189
Net accretion
4,035
Included in OCI
7,602
(9,662
(2,060
Purchases / Originations
577,216
590,993
(498,789
(5,588
(504,377
Issuances
(16,655
Cash repayments / receipts
(191
(21,870
20,189
(1,849
Transfers into Level III
1,440
(770,785
(769,345
Transfers out of Level III
1,940,522
Consolidations of VIEs
3,103,150
(48,745
3,054,405
Deconsolidations of VIEs
635
(2,464,508
12,167
(2,451,706
September 30, 2014 balance
(3,811,739
106,542,503
Amount of total (losses) gains included in earnings attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2014
(455
3,963
(5,025,734
July 1, 2013 balance
171,176
319,655
164,399
159,891
97,284,473
(2,334,660
95,764,934
Total realized and unrealized (losses) gains:
Change in fair value
25,856
4,620
(1,868
(4,283,956
239,094
(4,016,254
Impairment
5,940
4,842
474
5,316
457,468
481,339
(375,204
(8,760
(175
(14,124
(163
(5,041
(19,503
5,098
(88,806
(83,708
483,608
4,359,149
(69,075
4,290,074
(153
September 30, 2013 balance
279,121
316,261
198,146
97,359,666
(1,783,640
96,527,577
Amount of total (losses) gains included in earnings attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2013
6,011
7,057
5,428
(4,028,234
January 1, 2014 balance
(1,597,984
102,414,703
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
47,955
11,676
12,070
(12,275,130
337,529
(11,884,571
(214
13,922
2,988
(7,455
(4,467
1,159,607
60,348
1,219,955
(1,052,862
(68,134
(29,301
(1,150,297
(88,412
(487
(40,155
(806
106,538
65,090
54,221
(3,325,922
(3,271,701
(112,720
(180
2,653,379
2,539,421
(6,715
(1,941,689
25,146,277
857
(8,502,882
44,822
(8,457,203
11,742
14,907
(11,930,078
39
January 1, 2013 balance
333,153
256,502
62,432
90,989,793
(1,994,243
89,471,477
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) :
2,129
3,452
(8,078,597
333,542
(7,712,129
17,846
2,970
2,382
5,352
848,137
23,910
892,137
(851,539
(12,712
(10,072
(874,323
(294
(46,762
74,694
27,475
117,413
(578,319
(460,906
636,291
(1,208
(247,706
14,784,360
(584,804
861
(583,943
Amount of total gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2013
21,363
1,854
(7,714,797
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, we transferred $1.4 million and $54.2 million, respectively of CMBS investments from Level II to Level III due to a decrease in the observable relevant market activity. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we transferred $5.1 million and $117.4 million, respectively, of CMBS investments from Level II to Level III due to a decrease in the observable relevant market activity.
The following table presents the fair values of our financial instruments not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands):
Financial assets not carried at fair value:
Loans held-for-investment and loans transferred as secured borrowings
5,341,443
5,470,512
4,544,132
4,609,040
Securities, held-to-maturity
15,909
29,327
Financial liabilities not carried at fair value:
Secured financing agreements and secured borrowings on transferred loans
2,850,683
2,846,807
2,438,798
2,436,708
1,153,644
1,160,000
40
The following is quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs in our Level III measurements for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollar amounts in thousands):
Valuation
Range as of (1)
Technique
Unobservable Input
Discounted cash flow
Yield (b)
4.5% - 5.4%
5.2% - 5.9%
Duration(c)
5.0 10.0 years
5.0 - 10.0 years
Constant prepayment rate(a)
1.1% - 19.4%
(0.6)% - 16.6%
Constant default rate(b)
1.3% - 10.0%
1.4% - 11.3%
Loss severity(b)
11% 79%(e)
15% - 92%(e)
Delinquency rate(c)
3% - 41%
3% - 48%
Servicer advances(a)
16% - 96%
24% - 95%
Annual coupon deterioration(b)
0% - 0.7%
Putback amount per projected total collateral loss(d)
0% - 11%
0% - 9%
Yield(b)
0% - 566.7%
0% - 890.0%
0 - 11.6 years
0 - 11.0 years
Debt yield(a)
8.25%
8.75%
Discount rate(b)
15%
Control migration(b)
0% - 80%
0% - 686.6%
0% - 952.3%
0 20.1 years
0 - 22.7 years
(1) The ranges of significant unobservable inputs are represented in percentages and years.
Sensitivity of the Fair Value to Changes in the Unobservable Inputs
(a) Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
(b) Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
(c) Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in either a significantly lower or higher (lower or higher) fair value measurement depending on the structural features of the security in question.
(d) Any delay in the putback recovery date leads to a decrease in fair value, for the majority of securities in our RMBS portfolio.
41
(e) 83% and 90% of the portfolio falls within a range of 45%-80% as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
19. Income Taxes
Certain of our subsidiaries have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRSs). TRSs permit us to participate in certain activities from which REITs are generally precluded, as long as these activities meet specific criteria, are conducted within the parameters of certain limitations established by the Code, and are conducted in entities which elect to be treated as taxable subsidiaries under the Code. To the extent these criteria are met, we will continue to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
Our TRSs engage in various real estate related operations, including special servicing of commercial real estate, originating and securitizing commercial mortgage loans, and investing in entities which engage in real estate related operations. The majority of our TRSs are held within the LNR segment. As of September 30, 2014, $987.6 million of the LNR assets, including $196.1 million in cash, were owned by TRS entities. Our TRSs are not consolidated for federal income tax purposes, but are instead taxed as corporations. For financial reporting purposes, a provision for current and deferred taxes is established for the portion of earnings recognized by us with respect to our interest in TRSs.
Our income tax provision consisted of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):
Current:
Federal
10,044
11,465
20,668
21,396
Foreign
905
1,011
4,136
1,581
State
2,041
1,892
3,840
3,753
Total current
12,990
14,368
28,644
26,730
Deferred:
(7,390
59
(10,438
122
(539
(716
(2,737
(1,181
(1,225
(1,736
Total deferred
(9,154
(647
(14,911
(1,039
Total income tax provision (1)
3,836
13,721
13,733
25,691
(1) Includes provision of $0 reflected in discontinued operations for both the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, and $0 and $12 thousand reflected in discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented net by tax jurisdiction and are reported in other assets and other liabilities, respectively. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, our U.S. tax jurisdiction was in a net deferred tax asset position, while our European tax jurisdiction was in a net deferred tax liability position. The following table presents each of these tax jurisdictions and the tax effects of temporary differences on their respective net deferred tax assets and liabilities (in thousands):
U.S.
Deferred tax asset, net
Reserves and accruals
15,518
11,454
Domestic intangible assets
8,201
(714
Investment securities and loans
(3,258
(892
2,449
1,811
Deferred income
424
Net operating and capital loss carryforwards
2,343
967
Valuation allowance
(2,343
(799
Other U.S. temporary differences
216
(242
23,550
11,644
Europe
Deferred tax liability, net
(3,460
(6,257
10,305
10,951
(10,305
(10,951
Other European temporary differences
(360
(527
(3,820
(6,784
Net deferred tax assets
19,730
4,860
Unrecognized tax benefits were not material as of and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014.
The following table is a reconciliation of our federal income tax determined using our statutory federal tax rate to our reported income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Federal statutory tax rate
59,929
35.0
36,038
147,836
83,955
REIT and other non-taxable income
(52,979
(30.9
)%
(23,991
(23.3
(133,483
(31.6
(61,284
(25.5
State income taxes
930
0.5
1,902
1.8
1,953
3,774
1.6
Federal benefit of state tax deduction
(326
(0.2
(666
(0.6
(683
(1,321
712
0.4
0.3
(4,430
(2.6
438
(3,050
(0.7
567
0.2
Effective tax rate
2.2
13.3
3.3
10.7
20. Commitments and Contingencies
As of September 30, 2014, we had future funding commitments on 51 loans totaling $2.2 billion, primarily related to construction projects, capital improvements, tenant improvements, and leasing commissions. Generally, funding commitments are subject to certain conditions that must be met, such as customary construction draw certifications, minimum debt service coverage ratios or executions of new leases before advances are made to the borrower.
Management is not aware of any other contractual obligations, legal proceedings, or any other contingent obligations incurred in the normal course of business that would have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
21. Segment Data
In its operation of the business, management, including our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis prior to the impact of consolidating VIEs under ASC 810. The segment information within this note is reported on that basis. During the quarter, we changed our methodology for allocating certain shared costs including management fee expense. Prior periods presented have been adjusted to conform to this new methodology. Refer to Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of the composition of our reportable business segments.
The table below presents our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2014 by business segment (amounts in thousands):
Real Estate Investment Lending
LNR
Subtotal
LNR VIEs
106,369
4,300
15,729
30,136
45,865
(17,225
63
58,826
58,889
(24,248
130
7,604
7,734
(316
122,291
100,866
223,157
(41,789
Management fees (1)
17,330
7,571
24,901
Interest expense (1)
33,138
6,601
9,049
38,414
47,463
177
583
176
61,675
58,480
120,155
219
60,616
42,386
103,002
(42,008
(18,312
10,415
(140
52,067
51,927
(50,067
1,875
5,905
7,780
(3,975
Gain on derivative financial instruments, net
26,540
2,735
Foreign currency (loss), net
(21,019
(447
8,588
57,493
66,081
44,151
Income before income taxes
69,204
99,879
169,083
2,143
233
(4,069
69,437
95,810
165,247
(203
(2,143
69,234
(1) Due to the structure of our business, certain costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. Costs that are identifiable are allocated to the segments that benefit so that one segment is not solely burdened by this cost. Allocated costs
are primarily comprised of interest expense related to our consolidated debt (excluding VIEs) and management fees payable to our Manager, both of which represent shared costs. Each allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated. During the three months ended September 30, 2014, management fees and interest expense of $7.6 million and $5.0 million, respectively, were allocated to the LNR segment.
The table below presents our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2013 by business segment (amounts in thousands):
Single Family Residential
90,837
3,208
12,301
18,792
31,093
(13,289
59,566
(23,057
116
2,240
2,356
(322
103,254
83,806
187,060
(36,668
12,815
8,064
20,879
46
29,427
4,590
3,539
43,752
47,291
183
1,181
212
268
245
48,732
60,298
109,030
229
54,522
23,508
78,030
(36,897
(3,939
2,072
(157
9,820
9,663
(11,941
896
2,104
3,000
(778
Loss on derivative financial instruments
(17,166
(5,285
Foreign currency gain, net
9,555
Total other income (loss)
(740
28,956
28,216
37,316
53,782
52,464
106,246
419
(619
(13,102
53,163
39,362
92,525
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income (loss)
88,827
(1,467
(419
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.
51,696
(1) Additional management incentive fees of $2.8 million were allocated to the LNR segment in order to conform to our current allocation method.
45
The table below presents our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 by business segment (amounts in thousands):
311,348
9,686
49,196
83,225
132,421
(46,707
172,845
173,098
(71,565
318
16,437
16,755
(939
361,115
282,193
643,308
(119,211
51,959
24,979
791
77,729
120
95,949
18,225
1,091
21,900
114,391
136,291
544
1,318
606
10,364
173,111
181,372
1,882
356,365
664
188,004
100,821
(1,882
286,943
(119,875
(43,291
24,620
565
105,313
105,878
(90,698
6,847
9,741
16,588
(3,156
16,142
(4,523
Foreign currency loss, net
(15,376
(836
(796
54
684
20,983
114,310
135,293
121,576
208,987
215,131
422,236
1,701
(293
(13,440
208,694
201,691
408,503
(3,433
406,952
(3,439
(1,701
205,255
(1) Refer to Note 1 to the table above for the three months ended September 30, 2014. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, management fees and interest expense of $24.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively, were allocated to the LNR segment while $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, were allocated to the SFR segment.
The table below presents our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 by business segment (amounts in thousands):
231,203
5,468
42,179
30,550
72,729
(20,108
112,426
(36,782
291
4,212
4,503
(595
273,673
152,656
426,329
(57,485
41,738
10,338
52,076
64
66,794
7,297
11,192
84,325
95,517
330
1,787
603
359
383
141,743
108,609
250,352
394
131,930
44,047
175,977
(57,879
2,175
(1,144
Change in fair value of investment securities
(83
16,208
16,125
(19,390
3,488
4,219
7,707
(974
(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments
(2,939
2,874
Foreign currency gain (loss), net
3,537
(42
23,240
52,162
75,402
58,404
155,170
96,209
251,379
525
(1,645
(24,034
153,525
72,175
225,700
213,656
(3,599
(525
149,926
47
The table below presents our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2014 by business segment (amounts in thousands):
140,142
186,531
326,673
649
33,769
11,956
5,194,824
Loans held-for-sale
Investment securities
709,343
Intangible assetsservicing rights
203,503
(57,713
47,934
69,175
117,109
(6,540
10,532
2,822
34,338
727
38,054
86,722
124,776
(1,304
VIE assets, at fair value
6,351,452
1,651,874
8,003,326
108,890,611
49,659
103,981
153,640
418
20,268
4,598
5,189
2,538,886
169,222
3,871,560
278,074
4,149,634
108,880,340
Preferred stock
2,401,673
1,391,755
Treasury stock
64,184
5,497
Retained earnings (deficit)
30,754
(23,452
2,475,212
1,373,800
4,680
10,271
2,479,892
3,853,692
48
The table below presents our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2013 by business segment (amounts in thousands):
232,270
40,274
44,807
317,351
276
36,593
32,208
251
4,350,937
794,147
Intangible assets-servicing rights
257,736
(80,563
50,167
76,170
126,337
(3,383
3,138
4,631
35,501
31,020
57,620
8,045
96,685
(872
5,714,187
1,380,940
1,017,688
8,112,815
102,657,760
66,127
135,882
23,056
225,065
309
11,245
6,548
24,149
2,127,717
3,498,498
272,316
3,793,870
102,649,572
1,987,133
1,308,500
1,004,846
68,092
7,357
132,625
(207,233
(10,111
2,179,169
1,108,624
994,735
36,520
(103
36,417
8,188
2,215,689
994,632
4,318,945
49
22. Subsequent Events
Our significant events subsequent to September 30, 2014 were as follows:
Convertible Senior Notes
On October 8, 2014, we issued $431.3 million in aggregate principal amount of our 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 (the 2017 Notes) for total net proceeds of approximately $420.8 million. The 2017 Notes are unsecured and have an initial conversion rate of 41.7397 per $1,000 principal amount, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $23.96 per share of common stock. Prior to April 15, 2017, the Notes will be convertible only upon certain circumstances and during certain periods, and thereafter will be convertible at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day prior to maturity.
Secured Financing Agreements
In October 2014, we amended the Conduit Repo 2 facility to extend the maturity date to November 2016 assuming the exercise of a one-year extension.
In October 2014, we amended the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility to (i) upsize available borrowings from $1.0 billion to $1.25 billion; (ii) increase the maximum advance rate on certain asset classes; and (iii) amend certain financial covenants.
Dividend Declaration
On November 5, 2014, our board of directors declared a dividend of $0.48 per share for the fourth quarter of 2014, which is payable on January 15, 2015 to common stockholders of record as of December 31, 2014.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (the Form 10-K). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. See Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements at the beginning of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
· Real estate investment lending (the Lending Segment)includes all business activities of the Company, excluding the LNR Property LLC (LNR) business, which generally represents investments in real estate related loans and securities that are held-for-investment.
· LNRincludes all business activities of the acquired LNR business excluding the consolidation of securitization VIEs.
Refer to Note 1 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion of our business and organization including our material business acquisitions and dispositions.
Developments During the Third Quarter of 2014
· Originated a $480.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine financing for the construction of a 54-story Class A+ office and luxury condominium tower in San Francisco, California, of which the Company funded $104.1 million during the third quarter. Following the origination, the Company sold $172.8 million of the first mortgage and $115.2 million of the mezzanine loan.
· Originated a $264.3 million first mortgage land improvement loan on 196 acres of oceanfront land in Orange County, California, of which the Company funded $62.0 million during the third quarter.
· Originated and fully funded a $150.0 million first mortgage financing for the redevelopment of a luxury resort in Maui, Hawaii.
· Announced the co-origination of £86.75 million in a £101.75 million first mortgage loan for the development of a 46-story residential tower and 18-story housing development containing a total of 366 private residential and affordable housing units located in London.
· Acquired a $123.4 million portfolio of diverse office, retail and multi-family loans throughout the United States.
· Originated a $103.3 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan for the refinancing and expansion of a 149-key, full service boutique hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, of which the Company funded $65.0 million during the third quarter.
· Originated an $81.5 million first mortgage and mezzanine financing secured by a 36-building office and industrial portfolio in Lenexa, Kansas, of which the Company funded $57.4 million during the third quarter.
· Co-originated 58.0 million in a 99.0 million mortgage loan for the refinancing and refurbishment of a 239-key, full service hotel located in Amsterdam, Netherlands with SEREF and other private funds, both affiliates of our Manager. The Company funded 23.2 million during the third quarter.
· Funded $71.7 million of previously originated loan commitments during the third quarter.
· Sold $209.9 million of previously originated loan commitments during the third quarter.
· Named special servicer on three new issue CMBS deals with total unpaid principal balances of $3.4 billion.
· Purchased $43.4 million of CMBS, including $36.8 million in new issue B-pieces.
· Originated new conduit loans of $577.2 million.
· Received proceeds of $498.8 million from sales of conduit loans.
· Amended our Lender 2 Repo 1 facility to upsize available borrowings from $225 million to $325 million and reduce pricing.
· Executed a $250 million repurchase facility with a new lender. The facility has a three year term with a one year extension available at the option of the lender. The facility carries an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 2.75% and eligible collateral includes identified commercial mortgage loans and other asset types at the discretion of the lender.
· Amended the Conduit Repo 1 facility to extend the maturity date to September 2016, assuming the exercise of a one-year extension option, and reduce pricing.
· Established a share repurchase program which allows for the repurchase of up to $250 million of our outstanding common stock over a period of one year. During the third quarter, we repurchased 587,900 shares of common stock at a total cost of $13.0 million under the program.
Developments During the Second Quarter of 2014
· Originated a $152.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine financing for the acquisition of a Class A office campus in Pleasanton, California, of which the Company funded $106.5 million during the second quarter.
· Originated a $120.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine refinancing of existing first mortgage, senior mezzanine and junior mezzanine loans on a six property office portfolio located in Rosslyn, Virginia. The Company was the original lender on the $49.8 million junior mezzanine loan. The Company fully funded the refinancing during the second quarter.
· Originated a $69.6 million first mortgage and mezzanine financing for the acquisition of a Class A office building in Parsippany, New Jersey, of which the Company funded $58.9 million during the second quarter.
· Originated a $62.2 million first mortgage financing for the acquisition of a 953 key, full service hotel in San Diego, California, of which the Company funded $59.6 million during the second quarter.
· Originated a $59.7 million first mortgage and mezzanine financing for the acquisition of a seven property office portfolio in Minneapolis, Minnesota, of which the Company funded $54.3 million during the second quarter.
· Originated a $58.0 million first mortgage financing for the acquisition of a Class A office building in San Francisco, California. The Company fully funded the loan during the second quarter.
· Funded $72.3 million of previously originated loan commitments during the second quarter.
· Named special servicer on six new issue CMBS deals with total unpaid principal balances of $6.6 billion.
· Purchased $107.1 million of CMBS, including $97.0 million in new issue B-pieces.
· Originated new conduit loans of $320.6 million.
· Received proceeds of $364.3 million from sales of conduit loans.
· Amended our Lender 3 Repo 1 facility to (i) increase additional borrowings by $42.7 million; (ii) extend the maturity date for loan collateral to May 2019, assuming the exercise of two one-year extension options; (iii) reduce pricing for all purchased assets; and (iv) increase advance rates for certain purchased assets.
· Issued 22.0 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $491.0 million. In connection with this offering, the underwriters had a 30-day option to purchase an additional 3.3 million shares of common stock, which they exercised in full, resulting in additional gross proceeds of $73.7 million.
· Entered into an amended and restated At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the ATM Agreement) with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated to sell shares of the Companys common stock of up to $500 million from time
to time, through an at the market equity offering program. During the second quarter, we issued 759 thousand shares under the ATM Agreement for gross proceeds of $18.3 million.
· Established the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan (the DRIP Plan) which provides stockholders with a means of purchasing additional shares of our common stock by reinvesting the cash dividends paid on our common stock and by making additional optional cash purchases. During the second quarter, shares issued under the DRIP Plan were not material.
Developments During the First Quarter of 2014
· Completed the spin-off of our SFR segment to our stockholders on January 31, 2014, as described in Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein.
· Originated a $450.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine construction financing for the development of a 57-story tower containing luxury condominium residences and ground floor retail space in Manhattan, New York, of which the Company funded $26.1 million during the first quarter.
· Originated a $234.9 million first mortgage and mezzanine construction financing for the development of a mixed-use luxury residential and retail development in the Flushing area of Queens, New York, of which the Company funded $19.9 million during the first quarter.
· Co-originated $407.5 million out of a total of $815.0 million of first mortgage and mezzanine financing, which was used to refinance and recapitalize loans the Company had co-originated in October 2012 for the acquisition and redevelopment of a 10-story retail building in the Times Square area of Manhattan, New York, including the addition of a hotel. The Companys balance under the prior loans was $210.9 million. The Company funded $182.0 million of the financing during the first quarter.
· Originated and fully funded $197.2 million of first mortgage and mezzanine financing secured by an 89-asset bank branch portfolio in California.
· Originated a $179.5 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan to finance the acquisition of a premier data center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, of which the Company funded $99.9 million during the first quarter.
· Originated a $113.5 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan to finance the acquisition of a 31-story class A office tower located in Burbank, California, of which the Company funded $74.0 million during the first quarter.
· Named special servicer on three new issue CMBS deals with total unpaid principal balances of $3.2 billion.
· Purchased $44.7 million of CMBS, including $38.9 million in new issue B-pieces.
· Originated new conduit loans of $261.8 million.
· Received proceeds of $302.5 million from sales of conduit loans.
· Amended one of our repurchase facilities to upsize available borrowings to $1.0 billion from $550 million, extend the maturity date, allow for additional extension options, reduce pricing and debt-yield thresholds for purchased assets and amend certain financial covenants to contemplate the spin-off of the SFR segment.
Subsequent Events
Refer to Note 22 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for a discussion of subsequent events.
Results of Operations
The discussion below is based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and therefore reflects the elimination of certain key financial statement line items related to the consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs), particularly within revenues and other income, as discussed in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements
53
included herein. For a discussion of our results of operations excluding the impact of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 810 as it relates to the consolidation of VIEs, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section herein.
The following table compares our summarized results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 by business segment (amounts in thousands):
For the Nine months ended September 30,
$ Change
Lending segment
19,037
87,442
LNR segment
17,060
129,537
(5,121
(61,726
30,976
155,253
Costs and expenses (1):
12,943
31,368
(1,818
72,763
SFR segment allocations
(10
270
11,115
106,283
9,328
(2,257
28,537
62,148
6,835
63,172
44,700
123,063
Income from continuing operations before income taxes:
15,422
53,817
47,415
118,922
1,724
1,176
64,561
172,033
9,885
11,946
3,698
10,493
(460
(1,016
77,684
193,456
(1) Allocations of certain prior period costs and expenses among segments have been reclassified to conform to our current allocation method.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
Lending Segment
Revenues
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, revenues of our Lending Segment increased $19.0 million to $122.3 million, compared to $103.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. This increase was primarily due to (i) a $15.5 million increase in interest income from loans, which reflects a $1.4 billion net increase in loan investments of our Lending Segment between September 30, 2013 and 2014, mainly resulting from new loan originations, and (ii) a $3.4 million increase in interest income from investment securities principally related to a preferred equity investment we originated in the fourth quarter of 2013.
Costs and Expenses
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, costs and expenses of our Lending Segment increased $12.9 million to $61.7 million, compared to $48.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The increase was primarily due to increases of $5.5 million in general and administrative (G&A) expenses, $4.5 million in management fees, and $3.7 million in interest expense. The increase in G&A expenses reflects higher legal fees principally associated with the administration of our additional financing facilities and higher compensation expense. The increase in management fees reflects the impacts of (i) higher levels of invested capital which resulted in an increased base management fee in the third quarter of 2014 and (ii) higher manager stock compensation expense resulting from awards granted in the first quarter of 2014. The increase in interest expense reflects a $1.5 billion increase in outstanding balances under secured financing agreements of our Lending Segment between September 30, 2013 and 2014. These borrowings, along with equity issuances, are used to fund the growth of our investment portfolio.
Other Income
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, other income of our Lending Segment increased $9.3 million to $8.6 million, from a $0.7 million loss for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The increase was primarily due to a $43.7 million favorable swing in gain (loss) on derivatives partially offset by a $30.6 million unfavorable swing in foreign currency gain (loss) and a $4.8 million decrease in gain on sales of investments, the timing and amount of which vary by period. The favorable swing in gain (loss) on derivatives was primarily due to $28.1 million of unrealized gains on foreign currency hedges in the third quarter of 2014 driven by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against European currencies compared to a $17.5 million loss in the third quarter of 2013 driven by the weakening of the U.S. dollar against European currencies. These foreign currency hedges are used to fix the U.S. dollar amounts of cash flows (both interest and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated loans and CMBS investments. The favorable swing in these foreign currency hedges is greater than the offsetting unfavorable swing in foreign currency gain (loss) mainly because the portion of unrealized foreign currency gain (loss) associated with our available-for-sale CMBS investments is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income rather than earnings, in accordance with GAAP, whereas the full change in fair value of the related currency hedges is reported in earnings since they are not designated hedges.
LNR Segment and VIEs
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, revenues of our LNR Segment increased $11.9 million to $59.0 million after consolidated VIE eliminations of $41.8 million, compared to $47.1 million after consolidated VIE eliminations of $36.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The VIE eliminations are merely a function of the number of CMBS trusts consolidated in any given period, and as such, are not a meaningful indicator of the operating results for this segment. The increase in revenues in the third quarter of 2014 was primarily due to increases of $7.4 million in interest income from CMBS investments, $1.1 million in interest income from loans and $3.4 million in other revenues, particularly rental revenue, compared to the third quarter of 2013.
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, costs and expenses of our LNR Segment decreased $1.8 million to $58.7 million, compared to $60.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The VIE eliminations were nominal for both periods. The decrease in costs and expenses was primarily due to a decrease of $5.3 million in G&A expenses, primarily due to the absence of retention bonus expenses associated with the acquisition of LNR in 2013. The decrease was partially offset by increases of (i) $2.0 million in direct and allocated interest expense and (ii) $1.8 million in costs of rental operations included in other expense.
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, other income of our LNR Segment increased $35.3 million to $101.6 million including additive net VIE eliminations of $44.2 million, from $66.3 million including additive net VIE eliminations of $37.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. Income of consolidated VIEs reflects amounts associated with LNRs variable interests in CMBS trusts it consolidates, including special servicing fees, interest income, and changes in fair value of CMBS and servicing rights. As noted above, this number is merely a function of the number of CMBS trusts consolidated in any given period, and as such, is not a meaningful indicator of the operating results for this segment. The increase in other income in the third quarter of 2014 compared to the third quarter of 2013 was primarily due to increases of $39.8 million in income of consolidated VIEs, $8.0 million from derivatives which are used to hedge interest rate risk and credit risk on LNRs conduit loans held-for-sale and $4.1 million in the change in fair value of investment securities. These increases were partially offset by decreases of $10.3 million in the change in fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale, which reflects both realized and unrealized net gains, and $6.0 million in the change in fair value of domestic servicing rights, which reflects the expected amortization of this deteriorating asset, net of increases in fair value due to the attainment of new servicing contracts.
55
Income Tax Provision
Most of our consolidated income tax provision relates to the taxable nature of LNRs loan servicing and loan conduit businesses which are housed in TRSs. Our tax provision for the three months ended September 30, 2014, as well as the overall effective tax rate, is lower than for the three months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to the finalization of our tax planning strategies associated with the LNR acquisition.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, revenues of our Lending Segment increased $87.4 million to $361.1 million, compared to $273.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. This increase was primarily due to (i) an $80.1 million increase in interest income from loans, which reflects a $1.4 billion net increase in loan investments of our Lending Segment between September 30, 2013 and 2014, mainly resulting from new loan originations and (ii) a $7.0 million increase in interest income from investment securities principally related to a preferred equity investment we originated in the fourth quarter of 2013.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, costs and expenses of our Lending Segment increased $31.4 million to $173.1 million, compared to $141.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The increase was primarily due to increases of $29.1 million in interest expense, $10.7 million in G&A expenses and $10.2 million in management fees, all partially offset by the absence of $18.0 million of business combination costs incurred in the 2013 period associated with the LNR acquisition. The increase in interest expense reflects our issuance of $1.1 billion total principal amount of 4.55% and 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes in February and July of 2013, respectively, and a $1.5 billion increase in outstanding balances under secured financing agreements of our Lending Segment between September 30, 2013 and 2014. These borrowings, along with equity issuances, are used to fund the growth of our investment portfolio. The increase in G&A expenses reflects higher legal fees principally associated with the administration of our financing facilities and higher compensation expense. The increase in management fees reflects the impacts of (i) higher levels of invested capital which resulted in an increased base management fee in the 2014 period and (ii) higher manager stock compensation expense resulting from awards granted in the first quarter of 2014.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, other income of our Lending Segment decreased $2.2 million to $21.0 million, from $23.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. This decrease was primarily due to a $6.7 million decrease in gain on sales of investments, partially offset by a $3.4 million increase in earnings from unconsolidated entities. A $19.1 million favorable swing in gain (loss) on derivatives, primarily foreign exchange contracts, was mostly offset by an $18.9 million unfavorable swing in foreign currency gain (loss).
The Company acquired LNR on April 19, 2013. Therefore, a comparison of results of the LNR Segment and VIEs for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 is not meaningful as the current year period has an additional 108 days of operational activity.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, revenues of our LNR Segment were $163.0 million and $95.2 million, respectively, after consolidated VIE eliminations of $119.2 million and $57.5 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, these revenues primarily consisted of $101.3 million of servicing fees and $46.2 million of interest income from investment securities and loans, after consolidated VIE eliminations of $71.6 million and $46.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, these revenues primarily consisted of $75.6 million of servicing fees and $15.9 million of interest income from investment securities and loans, after consolidated VIE eliminations of $36.8 million and $20.1 million, respectively. The VIE eliminations are merely a function of the number of CMBS trusts consolidated in any given period, and as such, are not a meaningful indicator of the operating results for this segment. The increase in revenues of $129.5 million (before VIE eliminations) is not only attributable to additional days in the nine months ended September 30, 2014, but also to improved performance of the CMBS book.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, costs and expenses of our LNR Segment were $182.0 million and $109.0 million, respectively, including nominal VIE eliminations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, these costs and expenses primarily consisted of G&A expenses of $114.9 million, allocated management fees of $25.1 million, direct and allocated interest expense of $18.2 million, depreciation and amortization of $12.8 million (including $10.7 million related to the European servicing rights intangible) and other expenses of $11.0 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, these costs and expenses primarily consisted of G&A expenses of $84.6 million, allocated management fees of $10.4 million, direct and allocated interest expense of $7.3 million, depreciation and amortization of $5.7 million (including $4.8 million related to the European servicing rights intangible) and other expenses of $1.0 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, other income of our LNR Segment was $235.9 million and $110.6 million, respectively, including additive net VIE eliminations of $121.6 million and $58.4 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, other income primarily consisted of $190.8 million of income of consolidated VIEs, $62.6 million of net increases in fair value of investment securities and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which are accounted for using the fair value option, all partially offset by an $18.7 million decrease in fair value of our domestic servicing rights, which reflects the expected amortization of this deteriorating asset, net of increases in fair value due to the attainment of new servicing contracts. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, other income primarily consisted of $79.9 million of income of consolidated VIEs, $23.1 million of net increases in fair value of investment securities and mortgage loans held-for-sale and $2.9 million of net gain on derivatives. Income of consolidated VIEs reflects amounts associated with LNRs variable interests in the CMBS trusts it consolidates, including special servicing fees, interest income, and changes in fair value of CMBS and servicing rights. As noted above, this number is merely a function of the number of CMBS trusts consolidated in any given period, and as such, is not a meaningful indicator of the operating results for this segment.
Most of our consolidated income tax provision relates to the taxable nature of LNRs loan servicing and loan conduit businesses which are housed in TRSs. Our tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, as well as the overall effective tax rate, is lower than for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to the finalization of our tax planning strategies associated with the LNR acquisition.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Core Earnings is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate Core Earnings as GAAP net income (loss) excluding non-cash equity compensation expense, the incentive fee due under our Management Agreement, depreciation and amortization of real estate (to the extent that we own properties), any unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income for the period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income. The amount is adjusted to exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain other non-cash adjustments as determined by our Manager and approved by a majority of our independent directors.
We believe that Core Earnings provides an additional measure of our core operating performance by eliminating the impact of certain non-cash expenses and facilitating a comparison of our financial results to those of other comparable REITs with fewer or no non-cash adjustments and comparison of our own operating results from period to period. Our management uses Core Earnings in this way, and also uses Core Earnings to compute the incentive fee due under our management agreement. The Company believes that its investors also use Core Earnings or a comparable supplemental performance measure to evaluate and compare the performance of the Company and its peers, and as such, the Company believes that the disclosure of Core Earnings is useful to (and expected by) its investors.
However, the Company cautions that Core Earnings does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), or an indication of our cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), a measure of our liquidity, or an indication of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. In addition, our methodology for calculating Core Earnings may differ from the methodologies employed by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly, our reported Core Earnings may not be comparable to the Core Earnings reported by other REITs.
In assessing the appropriate weighted average diluted share count to apply to Core Earnings for purposes of determining Core earnings per share (EPS), management considered the following: (i) in accordance with GAAP, the two-class method was deemed
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most dilutive; and (ii) under the two-class method, our participating securities were determined to be anti-dilutive and were thus excluded from the denominator. Because compensation expense related to participating securities is added back for Core Earnings purposes pursuant to the definition above, there is no dilution to Core Earnings resulting from the associated expense recognition. As a result, we determined that the two-class method, adjusted to include (instead of exclude) participating securities, was the most conservative and appropriate weighted average share count to apply to the calculation. The following table presents the diluted weighted average shares used in our calculation of Core EPS (in thousands):
Diluted weighted average shares
226,120
172,395
216,155
157,650
The definition of Core Earnings allows management to make adjustments, subject to the approval of a majority of the independent directors, in non-standard situations where such adjustments are considered appropriate in order for Core Earnings to be calculated in a manner consistent with its definition and objective. We encountered this type of situation during 2014 when a hedged loan was expected to be repaid, but was instead extended. The series of foreign exchange forward contracts which hedged this loan were in a loss position on the expected repayment date. In order to accommodate the revised repayment date, the hedges were extended. In doing so, the counterparty required that the existing hedges be effectively liquidated. As a result, for GAAP and Core Earnings purposes, the loss on the hedge is realized, while the corresponding gain on the loan continues as unrealized until the repayment occurs. In an effort to treat this transaction consistently with similar past transactions, and to match the income statement effects of a hedge with the related hedged item, we modified the definition of Core Earnings to allow for hedged loans and their corresponding hedges to be treated as realized in the same accounting period.
The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2014, by business segment (amounts in thousands):
Costs and expenses
(61,675
(58,480
(120,155
Other income
Income attributable to non-controlling interests
Add / (Deduct):
Non-cash equity compensation expense
6,498
272
6,770
Management incentive fee
4,288
532
Interest income adjustment for securities
542
3,085
3,627
Other non-cash items
338
Reversal of unrealized (gains) / losses on:
(15,517
(396
(52,067
(52,463
Derivatives
(27,088
(4,001
(31,089
Foreign currency
21,020
(4,671
Recognition of realized gains / (losses) on:
16,660
8,175
947
959
(858
Core Earnings
70,952
53,851
124,803
Core Earnings per Weighted Average Diluted Share
0.31
0.24
0.55
The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2013, by business segment (amounts in thousands):
(48,732
(60,298
(109,030
Other (loss) income
4,041
4,775
Change in Control Plan
7,291
234
1,552
1,786
Loan loss allowance
874
(Gains) / losses on:
Loans held for sale
(14,355
(715
(6,162
(6,877
Impairment of real estate
78
Gain on foreclosure of non-performing loans
(3,320
17,180
11,086
28,266
(9,433
(886
U.S. special servicing intangible
3,939
Core Earnings (Loss)
63,585
46,158
(5,388
104,355
Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share
0.37
0.27
(0.03
0.61
The Lending Segments Core Earnings increased by $7.4 million, from $63.6 million during the third quarter of 2013 to $71.0 million in the third quarter of 2014. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $122.8 million, costs and expenses were $53.6 million, other income was $1.7 million and income tax benefit was $0.2 million.
Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, increased by $19.9 million due to growth of $1.4 billion in our loan portfolio since September 30, 2013.
Core costs and expenses increased by $10.1 million in the third quarter of 2014, primarily due to (i) a $5.5 million increase in general and administrative expenses primarily due to higher legal fees principally associated with the administration of our increased financing facilities and higher compensation expense and (ii) a $3.7 million increase in interest expense associated with the various facilities utilized to fund the growth of our investment portfolio.
Core other income decreased by $4.6 million, principally due to lower gains on sales of investments. The nature and timing of investment sales will depend upon a variety of factors, including our current outlook and strategy with respect to an investment,
other available investment opportunities, and market pricing. As a result, gains (or losses) from sales of our investments have fluctuated over time, and we would expect this variability to continue for the foreseeable future.
LNR Segment
The LNR Segments Core Earnings increased by $7.7 million, from $46.2 million during the third quarter of 2013 to $53.9 million in the third quarter of 2014. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $104.0 million, costs and expenses were $53.1 million, other income was $7.0 million and income taxes were $4.0 million.
Core revenues increased by $19.3 million in the third quarter of 2014, primarily due to increases of $14.6 million in interest income on our CMBS investments and conduit loans, and $5.4 million in other revenues, including $3.4 million in rental income. Servicing fees declined slightly, by $0.7 million. The treatment of CMBS interest income on a GAAP basis is complicated by our application of the ASC 810 consolidation rules. In an attempt to treat these securities similar to the trusts other investment securities, we compute core interest income pursuant to an effective yield methodology. In doing so, we segregate the portfolio into various categories based on the components of the bonds cash flows and the volatility related to each of these components. We then accrete interest income on an effective yield basis using the components of cash flows that are reliably estimable. Other minor adjustments are made to reflect managements expectations for other components of the projected cash flow stream.
Core costs and expenses increased by $5.0 million in the third quarter of 2014, primarily due to increases of $2.0 million in interest expense and $1.8 million in cost of rental operations.
Core other income decreased by $15.6 million in the third quarter of 2014, primarily due to an $18.3 million decrease in fair value of the domestic servicing rights intangible and a $6.1 million decrease in gains on derivatives that were either effectively terminated or novated, all partially offset by a $5.2 million increase in profit realized upon securitization of loans by our conduit business and $4.1 million of higher gains on sales of CMBS. The decrease in fair value of the domestic servicing rights intangible reflects the expected amortization of this deteriorating asset, net of increases in fair value due to the attainment of new servicing contracts. Derivatives include instruments which hedge interest rate risk and credit risk on our conduit loans. For GAAP purposes, the loans, CMBS and derivatives are accounted for at fair value, with all changes in fair value (realized or unrealized) recognized in earnings. The adjustments to Core Earnings outlined above are also applied to the GAAP earnings of our unconsolidated entities.
Income taxes, which principally relate to the operating results of our servicing and conduit businesses which are held in TRSs, decreased $9.0 million primarily due to the finalization of our tax planning strategies associated with the LNR acquisition.
Single Family Residential Segment
As discussed in Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein, the SFR segment was spun off to our stockholders on January 31, 2014.
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The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, by business segment (amounts in thousands):
(173,111
(181,372
(356,365
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
20,787
714
15,511
1,279
1,602
1,540
3,142
(808
8,940
8,132
587
(12,027
(105,313
(117,340
(16,408
2,082
(14,326
15,376
(5,263
46,045
10,992
22,306
33,298
(851
(1,810
(2,661
(1,139
223,110
140,353
(1,893
361,570
1.03
0.65
1.67
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The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, by business segment (amounts in thousands):
(141,743
(108,609
(250,352
4,822
15,803
346
2,981
3,327
(832
3,848
(6,011
(463
(11,410
(11,873
536
1,744
5,049
6,793
(3,722
(1,432
(2,175
161,485
81,800
(11,847
231,438
0.52
1.47
The Lending Segments Core Earnings increased by $61.6 million, from $161.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to $223.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $360.3 million, costs and expenses were $150.4 million, other income was $16.9 million and income taxes were $0.3 million.
Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, increased by $87.5 million due to growth of $1.4 billion in our loan portfolio since September 30, 2013.
Core costs and expenses increased by $23.5 million, primarily due to (i) a $29.2 million increase in interest expense associated with the various facilities utilized to fund the growth of our investment portfolio and (ii) a $10.2 million increase in general and administrative expenses primarily due to higher legal fees principally associated with the administration of our financing facilities and higher compensation expense, all partially offset by the absence of $18.0 million of costs associated with the LNR acquisition in 2013.
Core other income decreased by $3.9 million on a net basis principally due to lower gains on sales of investments. The nature and timing of investment sales will depend upon a variety of factors, including our current outlook and strategy with respect to an investment, other available investment opportunities, and market pricing. As a result, gains (or losses) from sales of our investments have fluctuated over time, and we would expect this variability to continue for the foreseeable future.
The Company acquired LNR on April 19, 2013. Therefore, a comparison of the LNR Segment Core Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 is not meaningful as the current year period has an additional 108 days of operational activity.
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The LNR Segment contributed Core Earnings of $140.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $291.1 million, costs and expenses were $161.7 million, other income was $24.3 million and income taxes were $13.4 million.
Core revenues benefited from servicing fees of $172.8 million, CMBS interest income of $92.2 million, interest income on our conduit loans of $9.1 million, and $17.0 million of other revenues, including $9.6 million of management fees and $6.5 million of rental income. Our U.S. servicing operation earned $138.9 million in fees during the period while our European servicer earned $33.9 million. The treatment of CMBS interest income on a GAAP basis is complicated by our application of the ASC 810 consolidation rules. In an attempt to treat these securities similar to the trusts other investment securities, we compute core interest income pursuant to an effective yield methodology. In doing so, we segregate the portfolio into various categories based on the components of the bonds cash flows and the volatility related to each of these components. We then accrete interest income on an effective yield basis using the components of cash flows that are reliably estimable. Other minor adjustments are made to reflect managements expectations for other components of the projected cash flow stream.
Included in core costs and expenses were general and administrative expenses of $112.9 million, allocated interest expense of $14.7 million, amortization expense of $10.7 million, allocated segment management fees of $9.4 million, cost of rental operations of $3.9 million and direct interest expense of $3.5 million. Amortization expense principally represents the amortization of the European special servicing rights intangible, which reflects the deterioration of this asset as fees are earned.
Core other income includes profit realized upon securitization of loans by our conduit business, gains on sales of CMBS, gains and losses on derivatives that were either effectively terminated or novated, and earnings from unconsolidated entities. These items are typically offset by a decrease in the fair value of our domestic servicing rights intangible which reflects the expected amortization of this deteriorating asset, net of increases in fair value due to the attainment of new servicing contracts. Derivatives include instruments which hedge interest rate risk and credit risk on our conduit loans. For GAAP purposes, the loans, CMBS and derivatives are accounted for at fair value, with all changes in fair value (realized or unrealized) recognized in earnings. The adjustments to Core Earnings outlined above are also applied to the GAAP earnings of our unconsolidated entities.
Income taxes principally relate to the operating results of our servicing and conduit businesses, which are held in TRSs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet our cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, make new investments where appropriate, pay any dividends to our stockholders, and other general business needs. We closely monitor our liquidity position and believe that we have sufficient current liquidity and access to additional liquidity to meet our financial obligations for at least the next 12 months. Our strategy for managing liquidity and capital resources has not changed since December 31, 2013, other than as set forth below. Please refer to our Form 10-K for a description of these strategies.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of September 30, 2014, we had cash and cash equivalents of $327.3 million.
Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
GAAP
VIE Adjustments
Excluding LNR VIEs
(373
236,171
(127,954
(195,184
Proceeds from sales and collections of investment securities
141,165
121,013
262,178
Proceeds from principal collections and sale of loans
1,307,822
Acquisition and improvement of single family homes and acquisition of non-performing loans, net of sales proceeds
Net cash flows from other investments and assets
(8,069
(1,770
(9,839
Decrease in restricted cash, net
(8,711
(923,941
Proceeds from common stock issuances, net of offering costs
581,476
129,724
(32,601
8,711
700,195
12,425
(276
(649
The discussion below is on a non-GAAP basis, after removing adjustments principally resulting from the consolidation of LNRs VIEs under ASC 810. These adjustments principally relate to (i) purchase of CMBS related to consolidated VIEs, which are reflected as repayments of VIE debt on a GAAP basis and (ii) sales of CMBS related to consolidated VIEs, which are reflected as VIE distributions on a GAAP basis. There is no significant net impact to cash flows from operations or to overall cash resulting from these consolidations. Refer to Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion.
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $12.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014, reflecting net cash provided by operating activities of $236.2 million and net cash provided by financing activities of $700.2 million partially offset by net cash used in investing activities of $923.9 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $236.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 related primarily to cash interest income of $275.9 million from our loan origination and conduit programs, plus cash interest income on investment securities of $119.5 million. Servicing fees provided cash of $169.7 million and other revenues provided $20.6 million. Offsetting these revenues were cash interest expense of $110.2 million, general and administrative expenses of $99.6 million, a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $75.9 million, management fees of $42.7 million and income tax payments of $19.0 million.
Net cash used in investing activities of $923.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 related primarily to the origination and acquisition of new loans held-for-investment of $2.1 billion, $112.0 million distributed in connection with the SWAY spin-off, the acquisition and improvement of real estate and non-performing residential loans of $61.9 million, all partially offset by proceeds received from principal repayments and sales of loans of $1.3 billion.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $700.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 related primarily to net proceeds from our April 2014 equity offering and other common stock issuances of $581.5 million and net borrowings after repayments on our secured debt of $445.9 million, partially offset by dividend distributions of $293.6 million and distributions to non-controlling entities of $33.6 million.
Our Investment Portfolio
The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned across various property types within our Lending Segment as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
Asset Specific Financing
Net Investment
Vintage
3,437,681
1,501,346
1,879,536
1989-2014
Subordinated mortgages
2,000
384,865
1998-2014
57,678
1,375,316
2006-2014
(59
RMBSAFS(1)
85,952
2003 - 2007
CMBSAFS(1)
2012 - 2013
HTM securities(2)
313,000
14,819
Investments in unconsolidated entities
6,196,587
6,094,617
1,892,433
4,202,184
2,749,072
1,099,628
1,602,103
1989 - 2013
4,000
403,462
1999-2013
2010-2013
180,484
(824
168,293
100,648
309,851
15,133
5,520,373
5,375,665
1,471,276
3,904,389
(1) RMBS and CMBS available-for-sale (AFS) securities.
(2) Mandatorily redeemable preferred equity interests in commercial real estate entities and CMBS held-to-maturity (HTM).
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As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, our Lending Segments investment portfolio, excluding other investments, had the following characteristics based on carrying values:
Collateral Property Type
Office
37.4
33.1
Hospitality
26.8
25.6
Multi-family
13.1
1.3
Retail
7.2
Mixed Use
7.1
16.9
Residential
5.0
Industrial
Geographic Location
West
30.4
25.7
North East
22.9
20.8
International
15.4
South East
11.4
17.7
Mid Atlantic
9.1
Midwest
7.8
South West
6.0
The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned within our LNR Segment as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (amounts in thousands):
3,934,692
Servicing rights intangibles
169,223
78,942
Loans held-for-investment
7,545
4,190,857
1,222,679
1,053,456
3,871,803
76,829
17,144
4,098,046
1,103,641
973,798
(1) Includes $512.8 million and $409.3 million of CMBS reflected in VIE liabilities in accordance with ASC 810 as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(2) Includes $57.7 million and $80.6 million of servicing rights intangibles reflected in VIE assets in accordance with ASC 810 as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
New Credit Facilities
In January 2014, we amended our Lender 1 Repo 1 facility to (i) upsize available borrowings to $1.0 billion from $550 million; (ii) extend the maturity date for loan collateral to January 2019 and for CMBS collateral to January 2016, each from August 2014, and each assuming initial extension options; (iii) allow for up to four additional one-year extension options with respect to any loan collateral that remains financed at maturity, in an effort to match the term of the maturity dates of these assets; (iv) reduce pricing and debt-yield thresholds for purchased assets; and (v) amend certain financial covenants to contemplate the spin-off of the SFR segment. STWD guarantees certain of the obligations of the consolidated subsidiary, which is the borrower under the repurchase
66
agreement, up to a maximum liability of either 25% or 100% of the then-currently outstanding repurchase price of purchased assets, depending upon the type of asset being financed. In October 2014, we again amended the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility to (i) upsize available borrowings from $1.0 billion to $1.25 billion; (ii) increase the maximum advance rate on certain asset classes; and (iii) amend certain financial covenants.
In October 2014, we amended the Lender 5 Repo 1 facility to extend its maturity date to December 2015 and reduce pricing.
Borrowings under Various Financing Arrangements
The following table is a summary of our financing facilities as of September 30, 2014 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Current Maturity
Extended Maturity(a)
Pledged Asset Carrying Value
Maximum Facility Size
Outstanding balance
Approved but Undrawn Capacity(b)
Unallocated Financing Amount(c)
(e)
73,405
239,600
(f)
14,633
102,198
84,902
Nov 2014 (g)
145,875
Dec 2014 (h)
186,000
LIBOR + 3.25%(i)
(j)
160,496
LIBOR + 2.75%(i)
(k)
933,704
(b) Approved but undrawn capacity represents the total draw amount that has been approved by the lender related to those assets that have been pledged as collateral, less the drawn amount.
(c) Unallocated financing amount represents the maximum facility size less the total draw capacity that has been approved by the lender.
(d) Maturity date for borrowings collateralized by loans of January 2017 before extension options and January 2019 assuming initial extension options. Maturity date for borrowings collateralized by CMBS of January 2015 before extension options and January 2016 assuming initial extension options.
(e) In October 2014, we amended the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility to upsize available borrowings from $1.0 billion to $1.25 billion.
(f) The date that is 180 days after the buyer delivers notice to seller, subject to a maximum date of March 13, 2015.
(g) In October 2014, we amended the Conduit Repo 2 facility to extend the maturity date to November 2016 assuming the exercise of a one-year extension.
(h) In October 2014, we amended the Lender 5 Repo1 facility to extend the maturity date to December 2015.
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(i) Subject to borrowers option to choose alternative benchmark based rates pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement. The Term Loan is also subject to a 75 basis point floor.
(j) Maximum borrowings under this facility were temporarily increased from $250.0 million to $285.0 million. This increase expires on October 17, 2014.
(k) Term loan outstanding balance is net of $2.2 million of unamortized discount.
Refer to Note 8 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for further disclosure regarding the terms of our financing arrangements.
Variance between Average and Quarter-End Credit Facility Borrowings Outstanding
The following table compares the average amount outstanding of our secured financing agreements during each quarter and the amount outstanding as of the end of each quarter, together with an explanation of significant variances:
Quarter Ended
Quarter-End Balance (in 000s)
Weighted-Average Balance During Quarter (in 000s)
Variance (in 000s)
Explanations for Significant Variances
1,850,572
406,988
(a)
March 31, 2014
2,601,062
2,536,926
64,136
June 30, 2014
2,561,267
2,366,435
194,832
2,766,428
(58,320
(a) Variance primarily due to the following: (i) $375.0 million in proceeds from the upsize of the Term Loan in December 2013, and (ii) $86.1 million draw on the Borrowing Base facility.
(b) Variance primarily due to the following: (i) $281.6 million in draws on the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility subsequent to its upsizing in January 2014; partially offset by (ii) $146.0 million repayment on the Borrowing Base facility in March 2014.
(c) Variance primarily due to the following: (i) $90.0 million drawn on the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility in June 2014; (ii) $84.4 million drawn on the borrowing base facility in June 2014; and (iii) $43.5 million drawn on the Lender 2 Repo 1 facility in June 2014.
(d) Variance primarily due to the following: (i) $51.2 million repayment on the Lender 1 Repo 1 facility in September 2014; (ii) $137.7 million repayment on the Conduit Repo 2 facility in August 2014; offset by (iii) $116.5 million draw on the Borrowing Base facility in September 2014.
Scheduled Principal Repayments on Investments and Overhang on Financing Facilities
The following scheduled and/or projected principal repayments on our investments were based upon the amounts outstanding and contractual terms of the financing facilities in effect as of September 30, 2014 (amounts in thousands):
Scheduled Principal Repayments on Loans and Preferred Interests
Scheduled/Projected Principal Repayments on RMBS and CMBS
Projected Required Repayments of Financing
Scheduled Principal Inflows Net of Financing Outflows
Fourth Quarter 2014
268,624
27,238
(231,992
63,870
First Quarter 2015
23,730
12,717
(133,843
(97,396
Second Quarter 2015
54,474
21,387
(6,401
69,460
Third Quarter 2015
9,207
12,486
18,260
356,035
73,828
(375,669
54,194
Issuances of Equity Securities
We may raise funds through capital market transactions by issuing capital stock. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to access the capital markets at any particular time or on any particular terms. We have authorized 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock and 500,000,000 shares of common stock. At September 30, 2014, we had 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock available for issuance and 277,611,199 shares of common stock available for issuance.
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On May 15, 2014, we established the DRIP Plan which provides stockholders with a means of purchasing additional shares of our common stock by reinvesting the cash dividends paid on our common stock and by making additional optional cash purchases. Shares of our common stock purchased under the DRIP Plan will either be issued directly by the Company or purchased in the open market by the plan administrator.
On May 27, 2014, we entered into the ATM Agreement with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated to sell shares of the Companys common stock of up to $500 million from time to time, through an at the market equity offering program. Sales of shares under the ATM Agreement will be made by means of ordinary brokers transactions on the NYSE or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at negotiated prices.
Refer to Note 15 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for discussion of our issuances of equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
Repurchases of Equity Securities
On September 26, 2014, our board of directors authorized and announced the repurchase of up to $250 million of our outstanding common stock over a period of one year. Purchases made pursuant to the program will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases are discretionary and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
Other Potential Sources of Financing
On October 8, 2014, we issued $431.3 million in aggregate principal of our 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2017.
In the future, we may also use other sources of financing to fund the acquisition of our target assets, including other secured as well as unsecured forms of borrowing and/or sale of certain investment securities which no longer meet our return requirements. We may also seek to raise further equity capital, issue debt securities or liquidate investment securities which no longer meet our return requirements in order to fund our future investments.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have relationships with unconsolidated entities and/or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as SPEs or VIEs. We are not obligated to provide, nor have we provided, any financial support for any SPEs or VIEs. As such, the risk associated with our involvement is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the entity. Refer to Note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion.
Dividends
We intend to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its net taxable income. We intend to continue to pay regular quarterly dividends to our stockholders in an amount approximating our net taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating and debt service requirements. If our cash available for distribution is less than our net taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities. Please refer to our Form 10-K for a detailed dividend history.
The Companys board of directors declared the following dividends during the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
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Leverage Policies
Our strategies with regards to use of leverage have not changed significantly since December 31, 2013. Please refer to our Form 10-K for a description of our strategies regarding use of leverage.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Contractual obligations as of September 30, 2014 are as follows (amounts in thousands):
Less than 1 year
1 to 3 years
3 to 5 years
More than 5 years
Secured financings(a)
375,669
463,140
1,238,620
632,887
Secured borrowings on transferred loans(b)
13,622
129,059
Loan funding obligations
2,226,028
1,107,857
1,103,705
14,466
Future lease commitments
38,645
6,682
11,901
11,419
8,643
6,177,648
1,503,830
1,707,805
2,324,483
641,530
(a) Includes available extension options.
(b) These amounts relate to financial asset sales that were required to be accounted for as secured borrowings. As a result, the assets we sold remain on our consolidated balance sheet for financial reporting purposes. Such assets are expected to provide match funding for these liabilities.
The table above does not include interest payable, amounts due under our Management Agreement or derivative agreements as those contracts do not have fixed and determinable payments.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Refer to the section of our Form 10-K entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCritical Accounting Estimates for a full discussion of our critical accounting estimates. Our critical accounting estimates have not materially changed since December 31, 2013.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We seek to manage our risks related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value while, at the same time, seeking to provide an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns through ownership of our capital stock. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience and seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake. Our strategies for managing risk and our exposure to such risks have not changed materially since December 31, 2013. Refer to our Form 10-K Item 7A for further discussion.
Market Risk
Our loans and investments are subject to credit risk. The performance and value of our loans and investments depend upon the owners ability to operate the properties that serve as our collateral so that they produce cash flows adequate to pay interest and principal due to us. To monitor this risk, our Managers asset management team reviews our investment portfolios and in certain instances is in regular contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary.
We seek to further manage credit risk associated with our loans held-for-sale through the purchase of credit index instruments. The following table presents our credit index instruments as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Face Value of Loans Held-for-Sale
Aggregate Notional Value of Credit Index Instruments
Number of Credit Index Instruments
35,000
50,000
Our RMBS portfolio had a weighted average Standard and Poors rating of B-, as of both September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Our CMBS fair value option portfolio, including CMBS eliminated in consolidation pursuant to ASC 810 and excluding unrated CMBS, had a weighted average rating of CCC and CC, as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
As of September 30, 2014, we had not elected the fair value option for the following CMBS (1) $105.5 million of an available-for-sale CMBS rated BB+, (2) $84.1 million of a held-to-maturity CMBS rated BB-, and (3) a $0.5 million interest-only debt security rated BBB-.
Capital Market Risk
We are exposed to risks related to the equity capital markets, and our related ability to raise capital through the issuance of our common stock or other equity instruments. We are also exposed to risks related to the debt capital markets, and our related ability to finance our business through borrowings under repurchase obligations or other debt instruments. As a REIT, we are required to distribute a significant portion of our taxable income annually, which constrains our ability to accumulate operating cash flow and therefore requires us to utilize debt or equity capital to finance our business. We seek to mitigate these risks by monitoring the debt and equity capital markets to inform our decisions on the amount, timing, and terms of capital we raise.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our investments and the related financing obligations. In general, we seek to match the interest rate characteristics of our investments with the interest rate characteristics of any related financing obligations such as repurchase agreements, bank credit facilities, term loans, revolving facilities and securitizations. In instances where the interest rate characteristics of an investment and the related financing obligation are not matched, we mitigate such interest rate risk through the utilization of interest rate swaps of the same duration. The following table presents financial instruments where we have utilized interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk and the related interest rate swaps as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Face Value of Hedged Instruments
Aggregate Notional Value of Interest Rate Swaps
Number of Interest Rate Swaps
Instrument hedged as of September 30, 2014
17,348
17,368
212,500
74,000
Secured financing agreements
126,235
132,561
676,094
436,429
Instrument hedged as of December 31, 2013
60,810
60,905
175,400
25,000
18,939
9,700
168,766
177,100
871,634
448,105
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The following table summarizes the estimated annual change in net investment income for our LIBOR-based investments and our LIBOR-based debt assuming increases or a decrease in LIBOR and adjusted for the effects of our interest rate hedging activities (amounts in thousands):
Income (Expense) Subject to Interest Rate Sensitivity
Variable-rate investments and indebtedness
3.0% Increase
2.5% Increase
2.0% Increase
1.5% Increase
1.0% Increase
1.0% Decrease (1)
Investment income from variable-rate investments
4,283,671
132,880
109,520
86,169
62,878
39,852
(6,640
Interest expense from variable-rate debt
(2,579,950
(73,965
(61,066
(48,166
(35,266
(22,366
4,386
Net investment income from variable rate instruments
1,703,721
58,915
48,454
38,003
27,612
17,486
(2,254
(1) Assumes LIBOR does not go below 0%.
Foreign Currency Risk
We intend to hedge our currency exposures in a prudent manner. However, our currency hedging strategies may not eliminate all of our currency risk due to, among other things, uncertainties in the timing and/or amount of payments received on the related investments, and/or unequal, inaccurate, or unavailability of hedges to perfectly offset changes in future exchange rates. Additionally, we may be required under certain circumstances to collateralize our currency hedges for the benefit of the hedge counterparty, which could adversely affect our liquidity.
Consistent with our strategy of hedging foreign currency exposure on certain investments, we typically enter into a series of forwards to fix the U.S. dollar amount of foreign currency denominated cash flows (interest and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated loan and CMBS investments. Accordingly, the notional values and expiration dates of our foreign currency hedges approximate the amounts and timing of future payments we expect to receive on the related investments. The following table represents our current currency hedge exposure as it relates to our loan investments and a CMBS investment denominated in foreign currencies, along with the aggregate notional amount of the hedges in place (amounts in thousands except for number of contracts, using the September 30, 2014 pound sterling (GBP) closing rate of 1.6213, Euro (EUR) closing rate of 1.2631, Swedish Krona (SEK) closing rate of 0.1386, Norwegian Krone (NOK) closing rate of 0.1556, Danish Krone (DKK) closing rate of 0.1697):
Carrying Value of Investment
Local Currency
Number of foreign exchange contracts
Aggregate Notional Value of Hedges Applied
Expiration Range of Contracts
10,620
GBP
11,917
October 2014 March 2016
105,547
114,241
March 2015 March 2016
24,072
28,660
October 2014 August 2016
27,976
EUR
33,565
November 2014 February 2016
96,269
121,334
October 2014 April 2017
57,551
October 2014 January 2016
57,004
60,881
October 2014 October 2016
1,643
4,057
March 2015
7,999
EUR, DKK, NOK, SEK
13,279
December 2015
28,657
34,657
February 2016 October 2016
18,449
October 2014 January 2018
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2014 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART IIOTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Currently, no material legal proceedings are pending or, to our knowledge, threatened or contemplated against us, that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
In addition to the following risk factor, refer to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Risks Related to Regulatory Matters
Mortgage loan servicing is an increasingly regulated business.
The mortgage loan servicing activities of our LNR segment are subject to a still evolving set of regulations, including regulations being promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. In addition, various governmental authorities have recently increased their investigative focus on the activities of mortgage loan servicers. As a result, we may have to spend additional resources and devote additional management time to address any regulatory concerns, which may reduce the resources available to grow our business. In addition, if we fail to operate the servicing activities of our LNR segment in compliance with existing and future regulations, our business, reputation, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information regarding our purchases of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2014:
Period
Total number of shares purchased
Average repurchase price per share
Number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program (1)
Value of shares available for purchase under the program (in thousands)
September 2014
22.10
237,007
(1) On September 26, 2014, our board of directors authorized and announced the repurchase of up to $250 million of our outstanding common stock over a period of one year.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
Date: November 5, 2014
By:
/s/ BARRY S. STERNLICHT
Barry S. Sternlicht Chief Executive Officer Principal Executive Officer
/s/ RINA PANIRY
Rina Paniry Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
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Item 6. Exhibits.
(a) Index to Exhibits
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No.
Description
31.1
Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2
32.1
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document