Companies: 10,785     total market cap: $133.796 T
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Arrow Financial
AROW
#7024
Rank
$0.55 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$33.57
Share price
0.66%
Change (1 day)
30.42%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. Arrow Financial
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2020 Q3

Arrow Financial - 10-Q quarterly report FY2020 Q3


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2020
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 0-12507

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New York22-2448962
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

250 Glen StreetGlens FallsNew York12801
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:518 745-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 per shareAROWNASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes    ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☑ Yes     ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☑
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standard provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. __☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐  Yes   ☑ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
ClassOutstanding as of October 30, 2020
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share15,491,432


ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
3
41
71
71
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
74

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2019
ASSETS  
Cash and Due From Banks$54,286 $47,035 $65,882 
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks396,380 23,186 26,416 
Investment Securities: 
Available-for-Sale at Fair Value374,928 357,334 314,182 
Held-to-Maturity (Approximate Fair Value of $233,501 at September 30, 2020; $249,618 at December 31, 2019; and $259,128 at September 30, 2019)
224,799 245,065 255,095 
Equity Securities1,511 2,063 1,996 
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank Stock5,574 10,317 6,627 
Loans2,592,455 2,386,120 2,335,591 
Allowance for Loan Losses(28,446)(21,187)(20,931)
Net Loans2,564,009 2,364,933 2,314,660 
Premises and Equipment, Net42,075 40,629 40,228 
Goodwill21,873 21,873 21,873 
Other Intangible Assets, Net1,789 1,661 1,713 
Other Assets90,460 70,179 64,150 
Total Assets$3,777,684 $3,184,275 $3,112,822 
LIABILITIES  
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits$690,232 $484,944 $516,876 
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts912,980 689,221 801,446 
Savings Deposits1,354,956 1,046,568 929,691 
Time Deposits over $250,000112,555 123,968 96,770 
Other Time Deposits194,135 271,353 269,764 
Total Deposits3,264,858 2,616,054 2,614,547 
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase73,949 51,099 72,869 
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances— 130,000 48,000 
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances50,000 30,000 30,000 
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts20,000 20,000 20,000 
Finance Leases5,228 5,254 5,263 
Other Liabilities37,989 30,140 29,915 
Total Liabilities3,452,024 2,882,547 2,820,594 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Preferred Stock, $1 Par Value and 1,000,000 Shares Authorized at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019
— — — 
Common Stock, $1 Par Value; 30,000,000 Shares Authorized (20,194,474 Shares Issued at September 30, 2020 and 19,606,449 at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019)
20,194 19,606 19,606 
Additional Paid-in Capital353,062 335,355 334,597 
Retained Earnings33,434 33,218 27,375 
Unallocated ESOP Shares (None at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and 5,151 Shares at September 30, 2019)
— — (100)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss(253)(6,357)(8,979)
Treasury Stock, at Cost (4,705,102 Shares at September 30, 2020; 4,608,258 Shares at December 31, 2019 and 4,632,657 Shares at September 30, 2019)
(80,777)(80,094)(80,271)
Total Stockholders’ Equity325,660 301,728 292,228 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$3,777,684 $3,184,275 $3,112,822 
    See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
3


ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME  
Interest and Fees on Loans$24,706 $24,620 $74,657 $70,543 
Interest on Deposits at Banks64 182 229 572 
Interest and Dividends on Investment Securities:
Fully Taxable1,557 2,018 5,621 6,671 
Exempt from Federal Taxes969 1,132 3,017 3,606 
Total Interest and Dividend Income27,296 27,952 83,524 81,392 
INTEREST EXPENSE  
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts264 500 1,061 1,435 
Savings Deposits806 2,317 4,450 5,926 
Time Deposits over $250,000292 451 1,263 1,362 
Other Time Deposits576 1,255 2,360 3,099 
Federal Funds Purchased and
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase		17 28 55 75 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances219 820 865 3,513 
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to
Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts		173 250 574 780 
Interest on Financing Leases49 28 148 71 
Total Interest Expense2,396 5,649 10,776 16,261 
NET INTEREST INCOME24,900 22,303 72,748 65,131 
Provision for Loan Losses2,271 518 8,083 1,445 
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES22,629 21,785 64,665 63,686 
NONINTEREST INCOME  
Income From Fiduciary Activities2,265 2,212 6,613 6,571 
Fees for Other Services to Customers2,619 2,623 7,348 7,570 
Insurance Commissions1,713 1,936 5,077 5,590 
Net (Loss) Gain on Securities(72)146 (552)222 
Net Gain on Sales of Loans1,433 257 2,193 501 
Other Operating Income739 517 2,876 1,020 
Total Noninterest Income8,697 7,691 23,555 21,474 
NONINTEREST EXPENSE  
Salaries and Employee Benefits10,408 10,015 31,003 29,061 
Occupancy Expenses, Net1,427 1,324 4,221 4,023 
Technology and Equipment Expense3,228 3,305 9,807 9,689 
FDIC Assessments309 (480)770 (56)
Other Operating Expense2,115 2,627 6,685 7,634 
Total Noninterest Expense17,487 16,791 52,486 50,351 
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES13,839 12,685 35,734 34,809 
Provision for Income Taxes2,793 2,618 7,402 7,074 
NET INCOME$11,046 $10,067 $28,332 $27,735 
Average Shares Outstanding 1:
  
Basic15,472 15,404 15,453 15,375 
Diluted15,481 15,441 15,467 15,417 
Per Common Share:  
Basic Earnings$0.71 $0.65 $1.83 $1.80 
Diluted Earnings0.71 0.65 1.83 1.80 

    1 2019 Share and Per Share Amounts have been restated for the September 25, 2020 3% stock dividend.
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
4


ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30Nine Months Ended September 30
2020201920202019
Net Income$11,046 $10,067 $28,332 $27,735 
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax:
  Net Unrealized Securities Holding (Losses) Gains
Arising During the Period		(296)499 5,823 4,323 
  Net Unrealized Gain on Cash Flow Hedge
Agreements		238— 37 — 
  Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss42 127 127 381 
  Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Cost 39 42 117 127 
Other Comprehensive Income23 668 6,104 4,831 
  Comprehensive Income$11,069 $10,735 $34,436 $32,566 

    See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2020
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Unallo-cated ESOP
Shares		Accumu-lated
Other Com-
prehensive
Loss		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019$19,606 $335,355 $33,218 $— $(6,357)$(80,094)$301,728 
Net Income— — 28,332 — — — 28,332 
Other Comprehensive Income — — — — 6,104 — 6,104 
3% Stock Dividend (588,025 Shares)
588 15,818 (16,406)— — — — 
Cash Dividends Paid, $.757 per Share
— — (11,710)— — — (11,710)
Stock Options Exercised, Net  (26,039 Shares)
— 344 — — — 252 596 
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock
  Plan  (4,245 Shares)
— 83 — — — 42 125 
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock
  Purchase Plan  (13,697 Shares)
— 260 — — — 132 392 
Shares Issued for Dividend
  Reinvestment Plans (48,473 Shares)
— 887 — — — 462 1,349 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense— 315 — — — — 315 
Purchase of Treasury Stock
  (52,257 Shares)
— — — — — (1,571)(1,571)
Balance at September 30, 2020$20,194 $353,062 $33,434 $— $(253)$(80,777)$325,660 
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2020
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Unallo-cated ESOP
Shares		Accumu-lated
Other Com-
prehensive
Loss		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance at June 30, 2020$19,606 $336,643 $42,704 $— $(276)$(80,990)$317,687 
Net Income— — 11,046 — — — 11,046 
Other Comprehensive Income— — — — 23 — 23 
3% Stock Dividend (588,025 Shares)
588 15,818 (16,406)— — — — 
Cash Dividends Paid, $.252 per Share
— — (3,910)— — — (3,910)
Stock Options Exercised, Net  (8,884 Shares)
— 107 — — — 81 188 
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock
  Purchase Plan  (4,739 Shares)
— 84 — — — 43 127 
Shares Issued for Dividend
  Reinvestment Plans (16,443 Shares)
— 304 — — — 153 457 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense— 106 — — — — 106 
Purchase of Treasury Stock
  (2,236 Shares)
— — — — — (64)(64)
Balance at September 30, 2020$20,194 $353,062 $33,434 $— $(253)$(80,777)$325,660 
6

Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2019
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Unallo-cated ESOP
Shares		Accumu-lated
Other Com-
prehensive
Loss		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018$19,035 314,533 29,257 (100)$(13,810)$(79,331)$269,584 
Net Income— — 27,735 — — — 27,735 
Other Comprehensive Income— — — — 4,831 — 4,831 
3% Stock Dividend (570,884 Shares)
571 17737(18,308)— — — — 
Cash Dividends Paid, $.735 per Share 1
— — (11,309)— — — (11,309)
Stock Options Exercised, Net (76,775 Shares)
— 802 — — — 838 1,640 
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock
  Plan  (3,997 Shares)
— 86 — — — 44 130 
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock
  Purchase Plan  (11,403 Shares)
— 236 — — — 124 360 
Shares Issued for Dividend
  Reinvestment Plans (39,078 Shares)
— 911 — — — 422 1,333 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense— 292 — — — — 292 
Purchase of Treasury Stock
 (70,711 Shares)
— — — — — (2,368)(2,368)
Balance at September 30, 2019$19,606 $334,597 $27,375 $(100)$(8,979)$(80,271)$292,228 
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2019
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Unallo-cated ESOP
Shares		Accumu-lated
Other Com-
prehensive
Loss		Treasury
Stock		Total
Balance at June 30, 2019$19,035 $316,229 $39,397 $(100)$(9,647)$(80,265)$284,649 
Net Income— — 10,067 — — — 10,067 
Other Comprehensive Income— — — — 668 — 668 
3% Stock Dividend (570,884 Shares)
571 17,737 (18,308)— — — — 
Cash Dividends Paid, $.245 per Share 1
— — (3,781)— — — (3,781)
Stock Options Exercised, Net (14,063 Shares)
— 164 — — — 151 315 
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock
  Purchase Plan  (3,455 Shares)
— 73 — — — 37 110 
Shares Issued for Dividend
  Reinvestment Plans (12,380 Shares)
— 296 — — — 133 429 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense— 98 — — — — 98 
Purchase of Treasury Stock
 (10,151 Shares)
— — — — — (327)(327)
Balance at September 30, 2019$19,606 $334,597 $27,375 $(100)$(8,979)$(80,271)$292,228 

1 Cash dividends paid per share have been adjusted for the September 25, 2020 3% stock dividend.
See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.



7

ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in Thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:20202019
Net Income$28,332 $27,735 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Provision for Loan Losses8,083 1,445 
Depreciation and Amortization4,669 3,994 
Net Loss (Gain) on Securities Transactions552 (222)
Loans Originated and Held-for-Sale(60,335)(20,612)
Proceeds from the Sale of Loans Held-for-Sale52,099 19,424 
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans(2,193)(501)
Net (Gain) Loss on the Sale of Premises and Equipment, Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets(157)798 
Contributions to Retirement Benefit Plans(540)(492)
Deferred Income Tax Benefit (2,255)(644)
Shares Issued Under the Directors’ Stock Plan125 130 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense315 292 
Tax Benefit from Exercise of Stock Options41 199 
Net Increase in Other Assets(5,924)(9,302)
Net Increase in Other Liabilities4,751 10,480 
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities27,563 32,724 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Proceeds from the Maturities and Calls of Securities Available-for-Sale75,449 79,077 
Purchases of Securities Available-for-Sale(86,832)(70,418)
Proceeds from the Maturities and Calls of Securities Held-to-Maturity26,570 31,161 
Purchases of Securities Held-to-Maturity(6,848)(3,398)
Net Increase in Loans(197,577)(140,360)
Proceeds from the Sales of Premises and Equipment, Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets2,332 1,282 
Purchase of Premises and Equipment(3,639)(6,698)
Net Decrease in Other Investments4,743 8,879 
Purchase of Bank Owned Life Insurance(12,000)— 
Net Cash Used By Investing Activities(197,802)(100,475)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net Increase in Deposits648,804 268,963 
Net Decrease in Short-Term Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings(130,000)(186,000)
Net Increase in Short-Term Borrowings22,850 18,210 
Finance Lease Payments(26)(19)
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances40,000 — 
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances(20,000)(15,000)
Purchase of Treasury Stock(1,571)(2,368)
Stock Options Exercised, Net596 1,640 
Shares Issued Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan392 360 
Shares Issued for Dividend Reinvestment Plans1,349 1,333 
Cash Dividends Paid(11,710)(11,309)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities550,684 75,810 
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents380,445 8,059 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period70,221 84,239 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$450,666 $92,298 
Supplemental Disclosures to Statements of Cash Flow Information:
Interest on Deposits and Borrowings$11,367 $15,329 
Income Taxes8,369 7,131 
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity:
Transfer of Loans to Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets711 1,530 

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

Note 1.     ACCOUNTING POLICIES

In the opinion of the management of Arrow Financial Corporation (Arrow, the Company, we, or us), the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all of the adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019; the results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; the changes in stockholders' equity for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; and the cash flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.

Management’s Use of Estimates - The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period.  Due to the uncertainty regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, management utilized estimates and assumptions in its evaluation of potential impairment of the Company's right-of-use lease assets, goodwill and intangible assets. Our most significant estimate is the allowance for loan losses. Other estimates include the evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities, pension and other post-retirement liabilities and an analysis of a need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
A material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term is the allowance for loan losses.  In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management obtains appraisals for properties.  The allowance for loan losses is management’s best estimate of probable loan losses incurred as of the balance sheet date.  While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions.  
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements of Arrow for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in Arrow's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following accounting standards have been adopted in the first nine months of 2020:

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2018-13 "Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" as part of its disclosure framework, and pursuant to which FASB has eliminated, amended and added disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. For Arrow, the standard became effective, on a prospective basis, on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this change in fair value disclosure did not have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in the period subsequent to its adoption.
In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-15 "Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract" which will require companies to defer potentially significant, specified implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that are currently often expensed under US GAAP. For Arrow, the standard was adopted, on a prospective basis, on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in the period subsequent to its adoption.
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities ("ASU 2018-17"). ASU 2018-17 provides that indirect interests held through related parties in common control arrangements should be considered on a proportional basis for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. For Arrow, the standard was effective on January 1, 2020 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in the period subsequent to its adoption.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued, such as LIBOR. Companies can apply the ASU immediately. However, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022), and provides optional relief for contract modifications, hedge accounting and Held-to-maturity debt securities. For Arrow, this standard was effective January 1, 2020 and can be applied prospectively beginning January 1, 2020 for contract modifications and hedging relationships. The one-time election to sell and/or transfer securities classified as Held-to-maturity may be made at any point after March 12, 2020. Arrow is evaluating the impact of this standard as it will provide relief for contracts currently tied to LIBOR and hedge accounting relationships.
9

Note 2.    INVESTMENT SECURITIES (In Thousands)

The following table is the schedule of Available-For-Sale Securities at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019:
Available-For-Sale Securities
U.S. Government & Agency
Obligations		State and
Municipal
Obligations		Mortgage-
Backed
Securities		Corporate
and Other
Debt
Securities		Total
Available-
For-Sale
Securities
September 30, 2020
Available-For-Sale Securities,
at Amortized Cost		$35,001 $593 $329,887 $1,000 $366,481 
Gross Unrealized Gains184 — 8,700 — 8,884 
Gross Unrealized Losses (18)— (219)(200)(437)
Available-For-Sale Securities,
at Fair Value 		35,167 593 338,368 800 374,928 
Available-For-Sale Securities,
Pledged as Collateral, at Fair Value		308,879 
Maturities of Debt Securities,
at Amortized Cost:
Within One Year$— $68 $7,383 $— $7,451 
From 1 - 5 Years20,001 125 297,144 — 317,270 
From 5 - 10 Years15,000 400 25,360 1,000 41,760 
Over 10 Years— — — — — 
Maturities of Debt Securities,
at Fair Value:
Within One Year$— $68 $7,575 $— $7,643 
From 1 - 5 Years20,171 125 305,562 — 325,858 
From 5 - 10 Years14,996 400 25,231 800 41,427 
Over 10 Years— — — — — 
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position, at Fair Value:
Less than 12 Months$29,982 $— $13,847 $— $43,829 
12 Months or Longer— — 54,239 800 55,039 
Total$29,982 $— $68,086 $800 $98,868 
Number of Securities in a
Continuous Loss Position		4 — 26 1 31 
Unrealized Losses on
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position:
Less than 12 Months$18 $— $36 $— $54 
12 Months or Longer— — 183 200 383 
Total$18 $— $219 $200 $437 
Disaggregated Details:
US Agency Obligations,
at Amortized Cost		$35,001 
US Agency Obligations,
at Fair Value		35,167 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Amortized Cost		$69,575 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Fair Value		69,407 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Amortized Cost		260,312 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Fair Value		268,961 
10

Available-For-Sale Securities
U.S. Government & Agency
Obligations		State and
Municipal
Obligations		Mortgage-
Backed
Securities		Corporate
and Other
Debt
Securities		Total
Available-
For-Sale
Securities
December 31, 2019
Available-For-Sale Securities,
at Amortized Cost		$5,002 $764 $349,944 $1,000 $356,710 
Gross Unrealized Gains52 — 1,852 — 1,904 
Gross Unrealized Losses— — (1,080)(200)(1,280)
Available-For-Sale Securities,
at Fair Value		5,054 764 350,716 800 357,334 
Available-For-Sale Securities,
Pledged as Collateral,
at Fair Value		164,426 
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position, at Fair Value:
Less than 12 Months$— $— $52,491 $— $52,491 
12 Months or Longer— — 97,164 800 97,964 
Total$— $— $149,655 $800 $150,455 
Number of Securities in a
Continuous Loss Position		— — 54 1 55 
Unrealized Losses on
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position:
Less than 12 Months$— $— $317 $— $317 
12 Months or Longer— — 763 200 963 
Total$— $— $1,080 $200 $1,280 
Disaggregated Details:
US Agency Obligations,
at Amortized Cost		$5,002 
US Agency Obligations,
at Fair Value		5,054 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Amortized Cost		$61,102 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Fair Value		60,616 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Amortized Cost		288,842 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Fair Value		290,100 
11

Available-For-Sale Securities
U.S. Government & Agency
Obligations		State and
Municipal
Obligations		Mortgage-
Backed
Securities		Corporate
and Other
Debt
Securities		Total
Available-
For-Sale
Securities
September 30, 2019
Available-For-Sale Securities,
at Amortized Cost		$5,003 $965 $306,374 $1,000 $313,342 
Gross Unrealized Gains53 — 1,482 — 1,535 
Gross Unrealized Losses— — (495)(200)(695)
Available-For-Sale Securities,
at Fair Value		5,056 965 307,361 800 314,182 
Available-For-Sale Securities,
Pledged as Collateral, at Fair Value		232,043 
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position, at Fair Value:
Less than 12 Months$— $— $4,763 $— $4,763 
12 Months or Longer— — 114,483 800 115,283 
Total$— $— $119,246 $800 $120,046 
Number of Securities in a
Continuous Loss Position		— — 48 1 49 
Unrealized Losses on Securities
in a Continuous Loss Position:
Less than 12 Months$— $— $70 $— $70 
12 Months or Longer— — 425 200 625 
Total$— $— $495 $200 $695 
Disaggregated Details:
US Agency Obligations,
at Amortized Cost		$5,003 
US Agency Obligations,
at Fair Value		5,056 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Amortized Cost		$64,455 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Fair Value		64,364 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Amortized Cost		241,919 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Fair Value		242,997 


12


The following table is the schedule of Held-To-Maturity Securities at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019:
Held-To-Maturity Securities
State and
Municipal
Obligations		Mortgage-
Backed
Securities		Total
Held-To
Maturity
Securities
September 30, 2020
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
at Amortized Cost		$195,735 $29,064 $224,799 
Gross Unrealized Gains7,488 1,257 8,745 
Gross Unrealized Losses(43)— (43)
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
at Fair Value		203,180 30,321 233,501 
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
Pledged as Collateral, at Fair Value		221,844 
Maturities of Debt Securities,
at Amortized Cost:
Within One Year$15,605 $4,685 $20,290 
From 1 - 5 Years138,412 24,379 162,791 
From 5 - 10 Years40,656 — 40,656 
Over 10 Years1,062 — 1,062 
Maturities of Debt Securities,
at Fair Value:
Within One Year$15,677 $4,812 $20,489 
From 1 - 5 Years143,598 25,509 169,107 
From 5 - 10 Years42,825 — 42,825 
Over 10 Years1,080 — 1,080 
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position, at Fair Value:
Less than 12 Months$1,476 $— $1,476 
12 Months or Longer— — — 
Total$1,476 $— $1,476 
Number of Securities in a
Continuous Loss Position		4 — 4 
Unrealized Losses on Securities
in a Continuous Loss Position:
Less than 12 Months$42 $— $42 
12 Months or Longer1 — 1 
Total$43 $— $43 
Disaggregated Details:
US Government Agency
Securities, at Amortized Cost		$10,669 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Fair Value		11,049 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Amortized Cost		18,395 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Fair Value		19,272 
13

Held-To-Maturity Securities
State and
Municipal
Obligations		Mortgage-
Backed
Securities		Total
Held-To
Maturity
Securities
December 31, 2019
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
at Amortized Cost		$208,243 $36,822 $245,065 
Gross Unrealized Gains4,170 477 4,647 
Gross Unrealized Losses(94)— (94)
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
at Fair Value		212,319 37,299 249,618 
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
Pledged as Collateral, at Fair Value		237,969 
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position, at Fair Value:
Less than 12 Months$1,438 $— $1,438 
12 Months or Longer1,994 — 1,994 
Total$3,432 $— $3,432 
Number of Securities in a
Continuous Loss Position		10 — 10 
Unrealized Losses on
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position:
Less than 12 Months$85 $— $85 
12 Months or Longer9 — 9 
Total$94 $— $94 
Disaggregated Details:
US Government Agency
Securities, at Amortized Cost		$1,703 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Fair Value		1,720 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Amortized Cost		35,119 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Fair Value		35,579 
September 30, 2019
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
at Amortized Cost		$215,661 $39,434 $255,095 
Gross Unrealized Gains3,669 408 4,077 
Gross Unrealized Losses(34)(10)(44)
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
at Fair Value		219,296 39,832 259,128 
Held-To-Maturity Securities,
Pledged as Collateral, at Fair Value		244,373 
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position, at Fair Value:
Less than 12 Months$763 $3,082 $3,845 
12 Months or Longer6,764 1,711 8,475 
Total$7,527 $4,793 $12,320 
Number of Securities in a
Continuous Loss Position		19 19 38 
14

Held-To-Maturity Securities
State and
Municipal
Obligations		Mortgage-
Backed
Securities		Total
Held-To
Maturity
Securities
Unrealized Losses on
Securities in a Continuous
Loss Position:
Less than 12 Months$1 $9 $10 
12 Months or Longer33 1 34 
Total$34 $10 $44 
Disaggregated Details:
US Government Agency
Securities, at Amortized Cost		$1,844 
US Government Agency
Securities, at Fair Value		1,854 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Amortized Cost		37,590 
Government Sponsored Entity
Securities, at Fair Value		37,978 

In the tables above, maturities of mortgage-backed securities are included based on their expected average lives. Actual maturities will differ because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
Securities in a continuous loss position, in the tables above for September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, do not reflect any deterioration of the credit worthiness of the issuing entities.
 U.S. government agency securities, including mortgage-backed securities, are all rated AAA by Moody's and AA+ by Standard and Poor's.  The state and municipal obligations are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured.  Obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid.  Credit analysis is performed in-house based upon data that has been submitted by the issuers to the New York State Comptroller. That analysis shows no deterioration in the credit worthiness of the municipalities.  Subsequent to September 30, 2020, there were no securities downgraded below investment grade.  
The unrealized losses on these temporarily impaired securities are primarily the result of changes in interest rates for fixed rate securities where the interest rate received is less than the current rate available for new offerings of similar securities, changes in market spreads as a result of shifts in supply and demand, and/or changes in the level of prepayments for mortgage related securities. Because there is no current intention to sell any of our temporarily impaired securities, and because it is not more likely than not that it would be required to sell the securities prior to recovery, the impairment is considered temporary.
Pledged securities in the tables above are primarily used to collateralize state and municipal deposits, as required under New York State law. A portion of the pledged securities are used to collateralize repurchase agreements and pooled deposits of our trust customers.

The following table is the schedule of Equity Securities at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019:
Equity Securities
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2019
Equity Securities, at Fair Value$1,511$2,063$1,996

The following is a summary of realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
Quarterly Period Ended:Year-to-Date Period Ended:
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Net (Loss) Gain on Equity Securities$(72)$146 $(552)$222 
Less: Net gain (loss) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities sold during the period— — — — 
Unrealized net (loss) gain recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date$(72)$146 $(552)$222 
15

Note 3.    LOANS (In Thousands)

Loan Categories and Past Due Loans

The following table presents loan balances outstanding as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019 and an analysis of the recorded investment in loans that are past due at these dates.  Generally, Arrow considers a loan past due 30 or more days when the borrower is two payments past due. Loans held-for-sale of $10,580, $150 and $1,905 as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively, are included in the residential real estate balances for current loans.
Schedule of Past Due Loans by Loan Category
Commercial
CommercialReal EstateConsumerResidentialTotal
September 30, 2020
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days$43 $— $4,238 $428 $4,709 
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days79 85 2,853 765 3,782 
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days22 1,475 1,303 1,517 4,317 
Total Loans Past Due144 1,560 8,394 2,710 12,808 
Current Loans275,777 539,673 841,132 923,065 2,579,647 
Total Loans$275,921 $541,233 $849,526 $925,775 $2,592,455 
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
and Still Accruing Interest		$— $— $— $121 $121 
Nonaccrual Loans72 1,475 1,559 2,898 6,004 
December 31, 2019
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days$150 $— $5,670 $152 $5,972 
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days42 266 2,700 2,027 5,035 
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days21 326 445 1,807 2,599 
Total Loans Past Due213 592 8,815 3,986 13,606 
Current Loans150,447 509,949 802,383 909,735 2,372,514 
Total Loans$150,660 $510,541 $811,198 $913,721 $2,386,120 
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
and Still Accruing Interest		$— $— $— $253 $253 
Nonaccrual Loans81 326 663 2,935 4,005 
September 30, 2019
Loans Past Due 30-59 Days$99 $— $5,216 $241 $5,556 
Loans Past Due 60-89 Days48 30 1,624 1,011 2,713 
Loans Past Due 90 or more Days— 328 415 2,387 3,130 
Total Loans Past Due147 358 7,255 3,639 11,399 
Current Loans141,988 497,725 798,542 885,937 2,324,192 
Total Loans$142,135 $498,083 $805,797 $889,576 $2,335,591 
Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
and Still Accruing Interest		$— $— $86 $980 $1,066 
Nonaccrual Loans28 465 564 2,408 3,465 
    
The Company disaggregates its loan portfolio into the following four categories:

Commercial - The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of commercial customers including term loans, time notes and lines of credit. Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital needs such as inventory and receivables, business expansion and equipment purchases. Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower. Generally, these loans carry a higher risk than commercial real estate loans, due primarily to the nature of the underlying collateral, which can be business assets such as equipment and accounts receivable and generally have a lower liquidation value than real estate. In the event of default by the borrower, the Company may be required to liquidate collateral at deeply discounted values. To reduce the risk, management usually obtains personal guarantees to support the borrowing, as permitted by applicable law.


16

Commercial Real Estate - The Company offers commercial real estate loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions and improvements to commercial properties. Commercial real estate loans are often made to finance the purchases of real property which generally consists of real estate with completed structures. These commercial real estate loans are typically secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities, and both owner- and non-owner-occupied facilities. These loans are typically less risky than commercial loans, since they are secured by real estate and buildings, and are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property. However, the Company also offers commercial construction and land development loans to finance projects. Many projects will ultimately be used by the borrowers' businesses, while others are developed for resale. These real estate loans are also typically secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities and both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied facilities. There is enhanced risk during the construction period, since the loan is secured by an incomplete project.

Consumer Loans - Included in this category are automobile loans. The Company primarily finances the purchases of automobiles indirectly through dealer relationships located throughout upstate New York and Vermont. Most of these indirect consumer loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from one to five years. Indirect consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed. The Company also offers a variety of consumer installment loans to finance personal expenditures. Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from one to five years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. In addition to installment loans, the Company also offers personal lines of credit and overdraft protection. Several of these consumer loans are unsecured, which carry a higher risk of loss.

Residential - Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by first or second mortgages on primary residences. The Company originates fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for construction, the purchase of real estate or refinancing of an existing mortgage. These loans are collateralized primarily by owner-occupied properties generally located in the Company’s market area. Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower), or have private mortgage insurance. The Company’s underwriting analysis for residential mortgage loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, and a review of the borrower’s financial condition. Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. It is the Company's general practice to underwrite residential real estate loans to secondary market standards. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period. In addition, the Company offers fixed home equity loans, as well as variable rate home equity lines of credit, to consumers to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, education and other uses.  The Company's policy allows for a maximum loan to value ratio of 80%, although periodically higher advances are allowed.  The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a second junior lien position on one-to-four-family residential real estate).  Risk is generally reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows.  A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table presents a roll-forward of the allowance for loan losses and other information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses:
Allowance for Loan Losses
Commercial
CommercialReal EstateConsumerResidentialTotal
Roll-forward of the Allowance for Loan Losses for the Quarterly Periods:
June 30, 2020$1,917 $8,361 $10,639 $5,383 $26,300 
Charge-offs(17)(5)(370)— (392)
Recoveries— — 267 — 267 
Provision419 1,013 609 230 2,271 
September 30, 2020$2,319 $9,369 $11,145 $5,613 $28,446 
June 30, 2019$1,231 $5,459 $9,654 $4,351 $20,695 
Charge-offs(11)— (351)(40)(402)
Recoveries— — 120 — 120 
Provision42 162 263 51 518 
September 30, 2019$1,262 $5,621 $9,686 $4,362 $20,931 
17

Allowance for Loan Losses
Commercial
CommercialReal EstateConsumerResidentialTotal
Roll-forward of the Allowance for Loan Losses for the Year-to-Date Periods:
December 31, 2019$1,386 $5,830 $9,408 $4,563 $21,187 
Charge-offs(37)(5)(1,268)(50)(1,360)
Recoveries3 — 533 — 536 
Provision967 3,544 2,472 1,100 8,083 
September 30, 2020$2,319 $9,369 $11,145 $5,613 $28,446 
December 31, 2018$1,218 $5,644 $8,882 $4,452 $20,196 
Charge-offs(12)(29)(1,137)(54)(1,232)
Recoveries98 — 424 — 522 
Provision(42)6 1,517 (36)1,445 
September 30, 2019$1,262 $5,621 $9,686 $4,362 $20,931 
September 30, 2020
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment$18 $— $— $28 $46 
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment2,301 9,369 11,145 5,585 28,400 
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment47 1,128 124 1,427 2,726 
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment$275,874 $540,105 $849,402 $924,348 $2,589,729 
December 31, 2019
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment$5 $— $— $42 $47 
Allowance for creditlosses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment1,381 5,830 9,408 4,521 21,140 
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment35 — 107 959 1,101 
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment$150,625 $510,541 $811,091 $912,762 $2,385,019 
18

Allowance for Loan Losses
Commercial
CommercialReal EstateConsumerResidentialTotal
September 30, 2019
Allowance for loan losses - Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment$5 $— $— $— $5 
Allowance for credit losses - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment1,257 5,621 9,686 4,362 20,926 
Ending Loan Balance - Individually Evaluated for Impairment36 — 113 575 724 
Ending Loan Balance - Collectively Evaluated for Impairment$142,099 $498,083 $805,684 $889,001 $2,334,867 
    
Through the provision for loan losses, an allowance for loan losses is maintained that reflects the best estimate of the incurred risk of loss in the Company’s loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Additions are made to the allowance for loan losses through a periodic provision for loan losses. Actual loan losses are charged against the allowance for loan losses when loans are deemed uncollectible and recoveries of amounts previously charged off are recorded as credits to the allowance for loan losses.
Our loan officers and risk managers meet at least quarterly to discuss and review the conditions and risks associated with certain criticized and classified commercial-related relationships. In addition, our independent internal loan review department performs periodic reviews of the credit quality indicators on individual loans in the commercial loan portfolio.
The Company uses a two-step process to determine the provision for loan losses and the amount of the allowance for loan losses. An evaluation of impaired loans is performed on a quarterly basis. Impaired loans are generally nonaccrual loans over $250 thousand and all troubled debt restructured loans. Specific reserves on individually identified impaired loans that are not collateral dependent are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate of each loan. For loans that are collateral dependent, impairment is measured based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs, and such impaired amounts are generally charged off. In general, Arrow's impaired loans are collateral dependent impaired loans that have limited exposure or require limited specific reserves because of the amount of collateral support with respect to these loans. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured. In these cases, interest is recognized on a cash basis.
The remainder of the portfolio is evaluated on a pooled basis, as described below. For each homogeneous loan pool, a total loss factor is estimated based on the historical net loss rates adjusted for applicable qualitative factors. The total loss factors assigned to each loan category are updated on a quarterly basis. For the commercial, commercial construction and commercial real estate categories, the loan categories are further segregated by credit risk profile (pools of loans graded pass, special mention and accruing substandard). Additional description of the credit risk classifications is detailed in the Credit Quality Indicators section of this note.
The historical net loss rate is determined for each loan category using a trailing three-year net charge-off average. While historical net loss experience provides a reasonable starting point for analysis, historical net losses, or even recent trends in net losses, do not by themselves form a sufficient basis to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. Therefore, historical net loss factors are considered and adjusted for qualitative factors that impact the incurred risk of loss associated with the loan categories within the total loan portfolio. These include:
•Changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and adversely classified loans
•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans
•Changes in the value of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans
•Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses
•Changes in the quality of the loan review system
•Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff
•Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectibility of the portfolio
•The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations
•The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the  existing portfolio or pool
    
19


Loan Credit Quality Indicators

The following table presents the credit quality indicators by loan category at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019:
Loan Credit Quality Indicators
Commercial
CommercialReal EstateConsumerResidentialTotal
September 30, 2020
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category:
Satisfactory$264,094 $493,982 $758,076 
Special Mention1,485 12,620 14,105 
Substandard10,342 34,631 44,973 
Doubtful— — — 
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity:
Performing$847,967 $922,756 $1,770,723 
Nonperforming1,559 3,019 4,578 
December 31, 2019
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category:
Satisfactory$144,283 $484,267 $628,550 
Special Mention32 263 295 
Substandard6,345 26,011 32,356 
Doubtful— — — 
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity:
Performing$810,535 $910,533 $1,721,068 
Nonperforming663 3,188 3,851 
September 30, 2019
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category:
Satisfactory$135,355 $471,637 $606,992 
Special Mention107 2,484 2,591 
Substandard6,673 23,962 30,635 
Doubtful— — — 
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity:
Performing$805,147 $886,188 $1,691,335 
Nonperforming650 3,388 4,038 

For the purposes of the table above, nonperforming consumer and residential loans are those loans on nonaccrual status or are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest.
The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process is $1.3 million.
For the allowance calculation, an internally developed system of five credit quality indicators is used to rate the credit worthiness of each commercial loan defined as follows:

1) Satisfactory - "Satisfactory" borrowers have acceptable financial condition with satisfactory record of earnings and sufficient historical and projected cash flow to service the debt.  Borrowers have satisfactory repayment histories and primary and secondary sources of repayment can be clearly identified;

2) Special Mention - Loans in this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date.  "Special mention" assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.  Loans which might be assigned this credit quality indicator include loans to borrowers with deteriorating financial strength and/or earnings record and loans with potential for problems due to weakening economic or market conditions;

20

3) Substandard - Loans classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth or paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. “Substandard” loans may include loans which are likely to require liquidation of collateral to effect repayment, and other loans where character or ability to repay has become suspect. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard;

4) Doubtful - Loans classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.  Although possibility of loss is extremely high, classification of these loans as “loss” has been deferred due to specific pending factors or events which may strengthen the value (e.g. possibility of additional collateral, injection of capital, collateral liquidation, debt restructure, economic recovery, etc).  Loans classified as “doubtful” need to be placed on non-accrual; and

5) Loss - Loans classified as “loss” are considered uncollectible with collateral of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.  As of the date of the balance sheet, all loans in this category have been charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.  

Commercial loans are generally evaluated on an annual basis depending on the size and complexity of the loan relationship, unless the credit related quality indicator falls to a level of "special mention" or below, when the loan is evaluated quarterly.  The credit quality indicator is one of the factors used in assessing the level of incurred risk of loss in our commercial related loan portfolios.


21

Impaired Loans

The following table presents information on impaired loans as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019 based on whether the impaired loan has a recorded related allowance or has no recorded related allowance:
Impaired Loans
Commercial
CommercialReal EstateConsumerResidentialTotal
September 30, 2020
Recorded Investment:
With No Related Allowance$— $1,124 $124 $1,178 $2,426 
With a Related Allowance46 — — 249 295 
Unpaid Principal Balance:
With No Related Allowance— 1,128 124 1,178 2,430 
With a Related Allowance47 — — 249 296 
December 31, 2019
Recorded Investment:
With No Related Allowance$— $— $108 $699 $807 
With a Related Allowance34 — — 260 294 
Unpaid Principal Balance:
With No Related Allowance— — 107 699 806 
With a Related Allowance35 — — 260 295 
September 30, 2019
Recorded Investment:
With No Related Allowance$— $— $114 $575 $689 
With a Related Allowance35 — — — 35 
Unpaid Principal Balance:
With No Related Allowance— — 113 575 $688 
With a Related Allowance36 — — — 36 
For the Quarter Ended:
September 30, 2020
Average Recorded Balance:
With No Related Allowance$2 $1,127 $120 $938 $2,187 
With a Related Allowance46 — — 253 299 
Interest Income Recognized:
With No Related Allowance— — — — — 
With a Related Allowance— — — — — 
Cash Basis Income:
With No Related Allowance— — — — — 
With a Related Allowance— — — — — 
September 30, 2019
Average Recorded Balance:
With No Related Allowance$— $1 $119 $1,489 $1,609 
With a Related Allowance36 — — — 36 
Interest Income Recognized:
With No Related Allowance— — — — — 
With a Related Allowance— — — — — 
Cash Basis Income:
With No Related Allowance— — — — — 
With a Related Allowance— — — — — 

At September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, all impaired loans were considered to be collateral dependent and were therefore evaluated for impairment based on the fair value of collateral less estimated cost to sell. Interest income recognized in the table above represents income earned after the loans became impaired and includes restructured loans in compliance with their modified terms and nonaccrual loans where interest income was recognized on a cash basis.

22

Loans Modified in Trouble Debt Restructurings

The following table presents information on loans modified in trouble debt restructurings during the periods indicated.
Loans Modified in Trouble Debt Restructurings During the Period
Commercial
CommercialReal EstateConsumerResidentialTotal
For the Quarter Ended:
September 30, 2020
Number of Loans— — — — — 
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment$— $— $— $— $— 
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment— — — — — 
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts— — — — — 
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment— — — — — 
September 30, 2019
Number of Loans— — — — — 
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment$— $— $— $— $— 
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment— — — — — 
Subsequent Default, Number of Contracts— — — — — 
Subsequent Default, Recorded Investment— — — — — 

In general, prior to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, loans requiring modification are restructured to accommodate the projected cash-flows of the borrower. Such modifications may involve a reduction of the interest rate, a significant deferral of payments or forgiveness of a portion of the outstanding principal balance. As indicated in the table above, no loans modified during the preceding twelve months subsequently defaulted as of September 30, 2020. In accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, if a short-term loan modification (e.g. six months) is made for a borrower as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and who was current on contractual payments as of December 31, 2019, this modification is not considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR).


Note 4.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (In Thousands)

The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of Arrow's off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit and commitments under standby letters of credit as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019:
Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2019
Notional Amount:
Commitments to Extend Credit$364,861 $349,718 $340,976 
Standby Letters of Credit3,330 3,129 3,164 
Fair Value:
Commitments to Extend Credit$— $— $— 
Standby Letters of Credit30 31 26 
    
Arrow is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers.  These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.  Commitments to extend credit include home equity lines of credit, commitments for residential and commercial construction loans and other personal and commercial lines of credit.  Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.  The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of the involvement Arrow has in particular classes of financial instruments.
23

Arrow's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments.  Arrow uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.  Since many of the commitments are not expected to be fully drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  Arrow evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis.  Home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate.  Construction lines of credit are secured by underlying real estate.  For other lines of credit, the amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by Arrow upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the counterparty.  Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties.  Most of the commitments are variable rate instruments.
Arrow does not issue any guarantees that would require liability-recognition or disclosure, other than its standby letters of credit.
Arrow has issued conditional commitments in the form of standby letters of credit to guarantee payment on behalf of a customer and guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party.  Standby letters of credit generally arise in connection with commercial lending relationships. The credit risk involved in issuing these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Contingent obligations under standby letters of credit at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019 represent the maximum potential future payments Arrow could be required to make.  Typically, these instruments have terms of 12 months or less and expire unused; therefore, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  Each customer is evaluated individually for creditworthiness under the same underwriting standards used for commitments to extend credit and on-balance sheet instruments. Company policies governing loan collateral apply to standby letters of credit at the time of credit extension.  Loan-to-value ratios will generally range from 50% for movable assets, such as inventory, to 100% for liquid assets, such as bank CD's.  Fees for standby letters of credit range from 1% to 3% of the notional amount.  Fees are collected upfront and amortized over the life of the commitment. The carrying amount and fair value of Arrow's standby letters of credit at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, were insignificant.  The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on the fees currently charged for similar agreements or the cost to terminate the arrangement with the counterparties.
The fair value of commitments to extend credit is determined by estimating the fees to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms and present creditworthiness of the counterparties, and for fixed rate loan commitments, the difference between the current and committed interest rates.  Arrow provides several types of commercial lines of credit and standby letters of credit to its commercial customers.  The pricing of these services is not isolated as Arrow considers the customer's complete deposit and borrowing relationship in pricing individual products and services.  The commitments to extend credit also include commitments under home equity lines of credit, for which Arrow charges no fee.  The carrying value and fair value of commitments to extend credit are not material and Arrow does not expect to incur any material loss as a result of these commitments.
In the normal course of business, Arrow and its subsidiary banks become involved in a variety of routine legal proceedings.  At present, there are no legal proceedings pending or threatened, which in the opinion of management and counsel, would result in a material loss to Arrow.







24

Note 5.    COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In Thousands)

The following table presents the components of other comprehensive income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
Schedule of Comprehensive Income
Three Months Ended September 30Nine Months Ended September 30,
TaxTax
Before-Tax(Expense)Net-of-TaxBefore-Tax(Expense)Net-of-Tax
AmountBenefitAmountAmountBenefitAmount
2020
Net Unrealized Securities Holding (Losses) Gains on Securities Available-for-Sale Arising During the Period$(397)$101 $(296)$7,823 $(2,000)$5,823 
Net Unrealized Gains on Cash Flow Swap317 (79)238 48 (11)37 
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss57 (15)42 171 (44)127 
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Cost53 (14)39 159 (42)117 
  Other Comprehensive Income$30 $(7)$23 $8,201 $(2,097)$6,104 
2019
Net Unrealized Securities Holding Gains on Securities Available-for-Sale Arising During the Period$668 $(169)$499 $5,796 $(1,473)$4,323 
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Actuarial Loss172 (45)127 514 (133)381 
Amortization of Net Retirement Plan Prior Service Cost56 (14)42 169 (42)127 
  Other Comprehensive Income$896 $(228)$668 $6,479 $(1,648)$4,831 


25

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component:
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (1)
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale SecuritiesUnrealized Loss on Cash Flow SwapDefined Benefit Plan ItemsTotal
Net Actuarial Gain (Loss)Net Prior Service (Cost) Credit
For the Quarter-To-Date periods ended:
June 30, 2020$6,584 $(201)$(5,762)$(897)$(276)
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications(296)238— — (58)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income— — 42 39 81 
Net current-period other comprehensive income(296)238 42 39 23 
September 30, 2020$6,288 $37 $(5,720)$(858)$(253)
June 30, 2019$127 $— $(8,717)$(1,057)$(9,647)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications499 — — — 499 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss— — 127 42 169 
Net current-period other comprehensive income 499 — 127 42 668 
September 30, 2019$626 $— $(8,590)$(1,015)$(8,979)
For the Year-To-Date periods ended:
December 31, 2019$465 $— $(5,847)$(975)$(6,357)
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications5,823 37 — — 5,860 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income— — 127 117 244 
Net current-period other comprehensive income5,823 37 127 117 6,104 
September 30, 2020$6,288 $37 $(5,720)$(858)$(253)
December 31, 2018$(3,697)$— $(8,971)$(1,142)$(13,810)
Other comprehensive income or loss before reclassifications4,323 — — — 4,323 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income— — 381 127 508 
Net current-period other comprehensive income4,323 — 381 127 4,831 
September 30, 2019$626 $— $(8,590)$(1,015)$(8,979)

(1) All amounts are net of tax.
26


The following table presents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income:
Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Amounts Reclassified
Details about Accumulated Otherfrom Accumulated OtherAffected Line Item in the Statement
Comprehensive Income (Loss) ComponentsComprehensive IncomeWhere Net Income Is Presented
For the Quarter-to-date periods ended:
September 30, 2020
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Prior-service costs$(53)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial loss(57)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
(110)Total before Tax
29 Provision for Income Taxes
Total reclassifications for the period$(81)Net of Tax
September 30, 2019
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Prior-service costs$(56)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial loss(172)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
(228)Total before Tax
59 Provision for Income Taxes
Total reclassifications for the period$(169)Net of Tax
For the Year-to-date periods ended:
September 30, 2020
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Prior-service costs$(159)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial loss(171)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
(330)Total before Tax
86 Provision for Income Taxes
Total reclassifications for the period$(244)Net of Tax
September 30, 2019
Amortization of defined benefit pension items:
Prior-service costs$(169)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
Actuarial loss(514)
(1)
Salaries and Employee Benefits
(683)Total before Tax
175 Provision for Income Taxes
Total reclassifications for the period$(508)Net of Tax
(1) These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost.

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Note 6.    STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Dollars In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

Arrow has established three stock-based compensation plans: a Long Term Incentive Plan, an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). All share and per share data have been adjusted for the September 25, 2020 3% stock dividend.

Long Term Incentive Plan
The Long Term Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the Long Term Incentive Plan.

Stock Options - Options may be granted at a price no less than the greater of the par value or fair market value of such shares on the date on which such option is granted, and generally expire ten years from the date of grant.  The options usually vest over a four-year period.

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity for the year to date period ended September 30, 2020.
SharesWeighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2020248,495 $26.78 
Granted52,324 34.25 
Exercised(26,822)22.23 
Forfeited(2,834)28.79 
Outstanding at September 30, 2020271,163 28.65 
Vested at Period-End147,759 25.84 
Expected to Vest123,404 32.01 
Stock Options Granted
Weighted Average Grant Date Information:
Fair Value of Options Granted$4.84 
Fair Value Assumptions:
Dividend Yield2.90 %
Expected Volatility20.25 %
Risk Free Interest Rate1.53 %
Expected Lives (in years)6.68


The following table presents information on the amounts expensed related to stock options for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
For the Three Months Ended September 30,For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Amount expensed$76 $79 $227 $237 

Restricted Stock Units - The Company grants restricted stock units which gives the recipient the right to receive shares of Company stock upon vesting. The fair value of each restricted stock unit is the market value of Company stock on the date of grant. 100% of the restricted stock unit awards vest three years from the grant date. Once vested, the restricted stock units become vested units and are no longer forfeitable. Vested units settle upon retirement of the recipient. Unvested restricted stock unit awards will generally be forfeited if the recipient ceases to be employed by the Company, with limited exceptions.

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The following table summarizes information about restricted stock unit activity for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Restricted Stock UnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 20207,721 $30.27 
Granted3,942 34.25 
Non-vested at September 30, 202011,663 31.62 
Non-vested at January 1, 20193,582 30.70 
Granted4,139 29.89 
Non-vested at September 30, 20197,721 30.27 


The following table presents information on the amounts expensed related to restricted stock units for the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
For the Three Months Ended September 30,For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Amount expensed$30 $19 $88 $55 

    
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Arrow sponsors an ESPP under which employees may purchase Arrow's common stock at a 5% discount below market price. Under current accounting guidance, a stock purchase plan with a discount of 5% or less is not considered a compensatory plan.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Arrow maintains an ESOP, pursuant to which substantially all employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate upon satisfaction of applicable service requirements.  The ESOP borrowed funds from one of Arrow’s subsidiary banks to purchase outstanding shares of Arrow’s common stock.  The notes, which were fully repaid as of December 31, 2019, required annual payments of principal and interest through 2019.  As the debt was repaid, shares were released from collateral based on the proportion of debt paid to total debt outstanding for the year and allocated to active employees.  In addition, the Company makes additional cash contributions to the Plan each year.
Shares pledged as collateral were reported as unallocated ESOP shares in stockholders' equity. As shares were released from collateral, Arrow reported compensation expense equal to the current average market price of the shares, and the shares became outstanding for earnings per share computations.
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Note 7.    RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Dollars in Thousands)

Arrow sponsors qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for its employees. Arrow maintains a non-contributory pension plan, which covers substantially all employees.  Effective December 1, 2002, all active participants in the qualified defined benefit pension plan were given a one-time irrevocable election to continue participating in the traditional plan design, for which benefits were based on years of service and the participant’s final compensation (as defined), or to begin participating in the new cash balance plan design.  All employees who participate in the plan after December 1, 2002 automatically participate in the cash balance plan design.  The interest credits under the cash balance plan are based on the 30-year U.S. Treasury rate in effect for November of the prior year with a minimum interest credit of 3%.  The service credits under the cash balance plan are equal to 6.0% of eligible salaries for employees who become participants on or after January 1, 2003.  For employees in the plan prior to January 1, 2003, the service credits are scaled based on the age of the participant, and range from 6.0% to 12.0%. The funding policy is to contribute up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes and to make all payments required under The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).  Arrow also maintains a supplemental non-qualified unfunded retirement plan to provide eligible employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries with benefits in excess of qualified plan limits imposed by federal tax law.

Arrow has multiple non-pension postretirement benefit plans.  The health care, dental and life insurance plans are contributory, with participants’ contributions adjusted annually.  Arrow’s policy is to fund the cost of postretirement benefits based on the current cost of the underlying policies.  However, the health care plan provision for automatic increases of Company contributions each year is based on the increase in inflation and is limited to a maximum of 5%.  

As of December 31, 2019, Arrow updated its mortality assumption to the Pri-2012 mortality tables for employees, healthy annuitants and contingent survivors, adjusted for mortality improvements with the Scale MP-2019 mortality improvement scale on a generational basis to reflect newly published mortality tables. The Pension Plan uses the sex-distinct amount-weighted tables, the Select Executive Retirement Plan uses the sex-distinct white collar amount-weighted tables, and the Postretirement Benefit Plan uses the sex-distinct headcount-weighted tables. The change in mortality tables resulted in a decrease in liabilities for the Employee's Pension Plan, the Select Executive Retirement Plan and the Postretirement Benefit Plan.

The mortality table used in determining the present value of a lump sum payment/annuitizing cash balance accounts was changed to the applicable mortality table for the determination of present values under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 417(e)(3)(B). This table is currently a 50/50 blend of male and female rates from the 2020 sex distinct optional combined mortality tables, as prescribed under IRC Section 430. The change in mortality table was made to reflect the continued improvement in mortality rates and resulted in an increase in liabilities for the Employee's Pension Plan and the Select Executive Retirement Plan.

The interest rates used in determining the present value of a lump sum payment/annuitizing cash balance accounts were changed to the segment rates in effect for the January 1, 2020 plan year (2.04%, 3.09%, 3.68%) as of December 31, 2019. This change resulted in a decrease in liability for the Employees' Pension Plan and the Select Executive Retirement Plan.

The following tables provide the components of net periodic benefit costs for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Employees'Select ExecutivePostretirement
PensionRetirementBenefit
PlanPlanPlans
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020:
Service Cost 1
$416 $102 $30 
Interest Cost 2
387 48 78 
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2
(902)— — 
Amortization of Prior Service Cost 2
15 11 27 
Amortization of Net Loss 2
20 37 — 
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost$(64)$198 $135 
Plan Contributions During the Period$— $116 $54 
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019:
Service Cost 1
$382 $81 $30 
Interest Cost 2
513 54 91 
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2
(765)— — 
Amortization of Prior Service Cost 2
17 14 25 
Amortization of Net Loss (Gain) 2
153 29 (10)
Net Periodic Cost$300 $178 $136 
Plan Contributions During the Period$— $117 $51 
30

Net Periodic Benefit Cost
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020:
Service Cost 1
$1,247 $306 $92 
Interest Cost 2
1,159 144 233 
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2
(2,706)— — 
Amortization of Prior Service Cost 2
47 32 80 
Amortization of Net Loss 2
61 110 — 
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost$(192)$592 $405 
Plan Contributions During the Period$— $349 $191 
Estimated Future Contributions in the Current Fiscal Year$— $— $— 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019:
Service Cost 1
$1,146 $243 $91 
Interest Cost 2
1,253 162 273 
Expected Return on Plan Assets 2
(2,296)— — 
Amortization of Prior Service Cost 2
52 41 76 
Amortization of Net Loss (Benefit) 2
460 86 (32)
Net Periodic Cost$615 $532 $408 
Plan Contributions During the Period$— $350 $142 
Footnotes:
1. Included in Salaries and Employee Benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Income
2. Included in Other Operating Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income

A contribution to the qualified pension plan in 2020 was not required, and currently, additional contributions in 2020 are not expected. Arrow makes contributions to its other post-retirement benefit plans in an amount equal to benefit payments for the year.


Note 8.    EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) for periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.  All share and per share amounts have been adjusted for the September 25, 2020, 3% stock dividend.
Earnings Per Share
Three Months EndedYear-to-Date Period Ended:
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share - Basic:
Net Income$11,046 $10,067 $28,332 $27,735 
Weighted Average Shares - Basic15,472 15,404 15,453 15,375 
Earnings Per Share - Basic$0.71 $0.65 $1.83 $1.80 
Earnings Per Share - Diluted:
Net Income$11,046 $10,067 $28,332 $27,735 
Weighted Average Shares - Basic15,472 15,404 15,453 15,375 
Dilutive Average Shares Attributable to Stock Options9 37 14 42 
Weighted Average Shares - Diluted15,481 15,441 15,46715,417 
Earnings Per Share - Diluted$0.71 $0.65 $1.83 $1.80 
31

Note 9.    FAIR VALUES (Dollars In Thousands)

FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. There are no nonfinancial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The only assets or liabilities that Arrow measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019 were securities available-for-sale, equity securities and derivatives. Arrow held no securities or liabilities for trading on such dates.
The table below presents the financial instrument's fair value and the amounts within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
Fair ValueQuoted Prices
In Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis:
September 30, 2020
Assets:
Securities Available-for Sale:
   U.S. Government & Agency Obligations$35,167 $— $35,167 $— 
   State and Municipal Obligations593 — 593 — 
   Mortgage-Backed Securities338,368 — 338,368 — 
   Corporate and Other Debt Securities800 — 800 — 
     Total Securities Available-for-Sale374,928 — 374,928 — 
Equity Securities1,511 — 1,511 — 
     Total Securities Measured on a Recurring Basis376,439 — 376,439 — 
Derivatives, included in other assets6,366 — 6,366 — 
     Total Measured on a Recurring Basis$382,805 $— $382,805 $— 
Liabilities:
Derivatives, included in other liabilities6,366 — 6,366 — 
     Total Measured on a Recurring Basis$6,366 $— $6,366 $— 
December 31, 2019
Assets:
Securities Available-for Sale:
   U.S. Government & Agency Obligations$5,054 $— $5,054 $— 
   State and Municipal Obligations764 — 764 — 
   Mortgage-Backed Securities350,716 — 350,716 — 
   Corporate and Other Debt Securities800 — 800 — 
     Total Securities Available-for-Sale357,334 — 357,334 — 
Equity Securities2,063 — 2,063 — 
32

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
Fair ValueQuoted Prices
In Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
     Total Securities Measured on a Recurring Basis359,397 — 359,397 — 
Derivatives, included in other liabilities69 — 69 — 
Total Measured on a Recurring Basis$359,466 $— $359,466 $— 
Liabilities:
Derivatives, included in other liabilities$69 $— $69 $— 
Total Measured on a Recurring Basis$69 $— $69 $— 
September 30, 2019
Assets:
Securities Available-for Sale:
   U.S. Government & Agency Obligations$5,056 $— $5,056 $— 
   State and Municipal Obligations965 — 965 — 
   Mortgage-Backed Securities307,361 — 307,361 — 
   Corporate and Other Debt Securities800 — 800 — 
     Total Securities Available-for-Sale314,182 — 314,182 — 
Equity Securities1,996 — 1,996 — 
     Total Securities Measured on a Recurring Basis$316,178 $— $316,178 $— 
Derivatives, included in other assets498$— 498
Total Measured on a Recurring Basis$316,676 $— $316,676 $— 
Liabilities:
Derivatives, included in other liabilities498 — 498— 
Total Measured on a Recurring Basis$498 $— $498 $— 
Fair ValueQuoted Prices
In Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Losses Recognized in Earnings
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis:
September 30, 2020
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans$594 $— $— $594 
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net126 — — 126 — 
December 31, 2019
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans$285 $— $— $285 
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net1,261 — — 1,261 (186)
September 30, 2019
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans$324 $— $— $324 
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets, Net1,274 — — 1,274 (111)

33


The fair value of financial instruments is determined under the following hierarchy:
•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
•Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;
•Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).


Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The fair value of Level 1 securities available-for-sale are based on unadjusted, quoted market prices from exchanges in active markets. The fair value of Level 2 securities available-for-sale are based on an independent bond and equity pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities and an independent equity pricing service for equity securities not actively traded.  The pricing services use a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models.  Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows.  The fair value of Level 2 derivatives is determined using inputs that are observable in the market place obtained from third parties including yield curves, publicly available volatilities, and floating indexes.

Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

The fair value of collateral dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned was based on third-party appraisals less estimated cost to sell. The appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. Other assets which might have been included in this table include mortgage servicing rights, goodwill and other intangible assets. Arrow evaluates each of these assets for impairment at least annually, with no impairment recognized for these assets at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019.

Fair Value Methodology for Financial Instruments Not Measured on a Recurring or Nonrecurring Basis

The fair value for securities held-to-maturity is determined utilizing an independent bond pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities.  The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models.  Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows.
ASU 2016-01 "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" requires that the fair value for loans must be disclosed using the "exit price" notion which is a reasonable estimate of what another party might pay in an orderly transaction. Fair values for loans are calculated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics.  Loans are segregated by type such as commercial, commercial real estate, residential mortgage, indirect auto and other consumer loans.  Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable interest rate terms and by performing and nonperforming categories.  The fair value of performing loans is calculated by determining the estimated future cash flow, which is the contractual cash flow adjusted for estimated prepayments. The discount rate is determined by starting with current market yields, and first adjusting for a liquidity premium. This premium is separately determined for each loan type. Then a credit loss component is determined utilizing the credit loss assumptions used in the allowance for loan and lease loss model. Finally, a discount spread is applied separately for consumer loans vs. commercial loans based on market information and utilization of the swap curve.  
The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows, except that the fair value is limited to the extent that the customer could redeem the certificate after imposition of a premature withdrawal penalty.  The discount rates are estimated using the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York ("FHLBNY") yield curve, which is considered representative of Arrow’s time deposit rates. The fair value of all other deposits is equal to the carrying value.
The fair value of FHLBNY advances is calculated by the FHLBNY.
The carrying amount of FHLBNY and FRB stock approximates fair value. If the stock was redeemed, the Company will receive an amount equal to the par value of the stock.
The book value of the outstanding trust preferred securities (Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts) are considered to approximate fair value since the interest rates are variable (indexed to LIBOR) and Arrow is well-capitalized.

34



Fair Value by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following table presents a summary of the carrying amount, the fair value or an amount approximating fair value and the fair value hierarchy of Arrow’s financial instruments:
Schedule of Fair Values by Balance Sheet Grouping
Fair Value Hierarchy
Carrying ValueFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
September 30, 2020
Cash and Cash Equivalents$450,666 $450,666 $450,666 $— $— 
Securities Available-for-Sale374,928 374,928 — 374,928 — 
Securities Held-to-Maturity224,799 233,501 — 233,501 — 
Equity Securities1,511 1,511 — 1,511 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock		5,574 5,574 — 5,574 — 
Net Loans2,564,009 2,560,043 — — 2,560,043 
Accrued Interest Receivable7,962 7,962 — 7,962 — 
Derivatives, included in other assets6,366 6,366 6,366 
Deposits3,264,858 3,265,208 — 3,265,208 — 
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities
Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase		73,949 73,949 — 73,949 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances50,000 51,576 — 51,576 — 
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued
to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts		20,000 20,000 — 20,000 — 
Accrued Interest Payable841 841 — 841 — 
Derivatives, included in other liabilities6,366 6,366 — 6,366 — 
35

Schedule of Fair Values by Balance Sheet Grouping
Fair Value Hierarchy
Carrying ValueFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
December 31, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents$70,221 $70,221 $70,221 $— $— 
Securities Available-for-Sale357,334 357,334 — 357,334 — 
Securities Held-to-Maturity245,065 249,618 — 249,618 — 
Equity Securities2,063 2,063 — 2,063 
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock		10,317 10,317 — 10,317 — 
Net Loans2,364,933 2,332,797 — — 2,332,797 
Accrued Interest Receivable7,377 7,377 — 7,377 — 
Derivatives, included in other assets69 69 — 69 — 
Deposits2,616,054 2,614,170 — 2,614,170 — 
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities
Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase		51,099 51,099 — 51,099 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances130,000 130,000 — 130,000 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances30,000 29,993 — 29,993 — 
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued
to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts		20,000 20,000 — 20,000 — 
Accrued Interest Payable1,436 1,436 — 1,436 — 
Derivatives, included in other liabilities69 69 — 69 — 
September 30, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents$92,298 $92,298 $92,298 $— $— 
Securities Available-for-Sale314,182 314,182 — 314,182 — 
Securities Held-to-Maturity255,095 259,128 — 259,128 — 
Equity Securities1,996 1,996 — 1,996 
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock		6,627 6,627 — 6,627 — 
Net Loans2,314,660 2,274,701 — — 2,274,701 
Accrued Interest Receivable8,097 8,097 — 8,097 — 
Derivatives, included in other assets498 498 — 498 — 
Deposits2,614,547 2,610,404 — 2,610,404 — 
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities
Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase		72,869 72,869 — 72,869 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Overnight Advances48,000 48,000 — 48,000 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Term Advances30,000 29,988 — 29,988 — 
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued
to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts		20,000 20,000 — 20,000 — 
Accrued Interest Payable1,500 1,500 — 1,500 — 
Derivatives, included in other liabilities498 498 — 498 — 
36

Note 10.    LEASES (Dollars In Thousands)

The Company is a lessee in its leases, which are mainly for financial services locations in addition to leases for corporate vehicles. These leases generally require the Company to pay third-party expenses on behalf of the Lessor, which are referred to as variable payments. Under some leases, the Company pays the variable payments to the lessor, and in other leases, the Company pays the variable payments directly to the applicable third party. None of the Company's current leases include any residual value guarantees or any subleases, and there are no significant rights and obligations of the Company for leases that have not commenced as of the reporting date.
Arrow leases four of its branch offices, at market rates, from Stewart’s Shops Corp.  Mr. Gary C. Dake, President of Stewart’s Shops Corp., serves as a director on the board of directors of each of Arrow and Saratoga National Bank and Trust Company.

The following includes quantitative data related to the Company's leases as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
Nine Months Ended
Finance Lease Amounts:ClassificationSeptember 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Right-of-Use AssetsPremises and Equipment, Net$5,036 $5,199 
Lease LiabilitiesFinance Leases5,228 5,263 
Operating Lease Amounts:
Right-of-Use AssetsOther Assets$5,496 $5,815 
Lease LiabilitiesOther Liabilities5,577 5,876 
Other Information:
Cash Paid For Amounts Included In The Measurement Of Lease Liabilities:
Operating Outgoing Cash Flows From Finance Leases$148 $71 
Operating Outgoing Cash Flows From Operating Leases567 563 
Financing Outgoing Cash Flows From Finance Leases26 19 
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained In Exchange For New Finance Lease Liabilities— 5,271 
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained In Exchange For New Operating Lease Liabilities294 6,266 
Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term - Finance Leases (Yrs.)29.431.05
Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term - Operating Leases (Yrs.)13.113.75
Weighted-average Discount Rate—Finance Leases3.75 %3.75 %
Weighted-average Discount Rate—Operating Leases3.27 %3.35 %

Lease cost information for the Company's leases is as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Lease Cost:
Finance Lease Cost:
   Reduction of Right-of-Use Assets$44 $28 $133 $72 
   Interest on Lease Liabilities49 28 148 71 
Operating Lease Cost214 211 624 577 
Short-term Lease Cost11 17 32 73 
Variable Lease Cost77 45 165 140 
Total Lease Cost$395 $329 $1,102 $933 
37

Future Lease Payments at September 30, 2020 are as follows:
Operating
Leases
Financing
Leases
Twelve Months Ended:
9/30/2021$781 $243 
9/30/2022665 243 
9/30/2023601 243 
9/30/2024590 247 
9/30/2025551 259 
Thereafter3,773 7,867 
Total Undiscounted Cash Flows$6,961 $9,102 
Less: Net Present Value Adjustment1,384 3,874 
   Lease Liability$5,577 $5,228 
38



Note 11.    DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (In Thousands)

Arrow is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. Arrow principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. Arrow manages economic risks, including interest rate, primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative instruments. Specifically, Arrow enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. Arrow's derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to certain fixed rate borrowings. Arrow also has interest rate derivatives that result from a service provided to certain qualifying customers and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The Company manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Arrow enters into interest rate swap agreements with its commercial customers to provide them with a long-term fixed rate, while simultaneously Arrow entered into offsetting interest rate swap agreements with a counterparty to swap the fixed rate to a variable rate to manage interest rate exposure.
These interest rate swap agreements are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes. As the interest rate swap agreements have substantially equivalent and offsetting terms, they do not present any material exposure to the Arrow's consolidated statements of income. Arrow records its interest rate swap agreements at fair value and is presented on a gross basis within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities arising from these derivatives are included, net, in other income in the consolidated statement of income.

The following table depicts the fair value adjustment recorded related to the notional amount of derivatives outstanding as well as the notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments - Interest Rate Swap Agreements
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2019
Fair value adjustment included in other assets $6,366 $69 $498 
Fair value adjustment included in other liabilities6,366 69 498 
Notional amount166,329 44,531 39,577 

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Arrow has entered into interest rate swaps to synthetically fix the variable rate interest payments associated with $20 million in outstanding subordinated trust securities. These agreements are designated as cash flow hedges.
For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedge transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on Arrow's Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts borrowings.

The following table indicates the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI and on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of income.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Cash Flow Hedge Agreements
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2019
Amount of gain recognized in AOCI$48 $— $— 
Amount of gain reclassified from AOCI interest expense— — — 


Note 12.    COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the global economy, including the banking sector and many industries in which our customers operate, in a variety of significant ways.




39




Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Arrow Financial Corporation:

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheets of Arrow Financial Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, and changes in stockholders’ equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated interim financial information). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 28, 2020, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This consolidated interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of consolidated interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Albany, New York
November 5, 2020


40

Item 2.
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
September 30, 2020

NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this Report), the terms "Arrow," "the registrant," "the Company," "we," "us," and "our" generally refer to Arrow Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries as a group, except where the context indicates otherwise. At certain points in this Form 10-Q, Arrow's performance is compared with that of the Company's "peer group" of financial institutions. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the peer group for the purposes of this Form 10-Q is comprised of the group of 146 domestic bank holding companies with $3 to $10 billion in total consolidated assets as identified in the Federal Reserve Board’s "Bank Holding Company Performance Report" for June 30, 2020 (the most recent such report currently available), and peer group data contained herein has been derived from such report.

THE COMPANY AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Arrow is a two-bank holding company headquartered in Glens Falls, New York.  The banking subsidiaries are Glens Falls National Bank and Trust Company (Glens Falls National) whose main office is located in Glens Falls, New York, and Saratoga National Bank and Trust Company (Saratoga National) whose main office is located in Saratoga Springs, New York.  Active subsidiaries of Glens Falls National include Upstate Agency, LLC (an insurance agency that sells property and casualty insurance and also specializes in selling and servicing group health care policies and life insurance), North Country Investment Advisers, Inc. (a registered investment adviser that provides investment advice to Arrow's proprietary mutual funds) and Arrow Properties, Inc. (a real estate investment trust, or REIT). Arrow also owns directly two subsidiary business trusts, organized in 2003 and 2004, which issued trust preferred securities (TRUPs), which are still outstanding.

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not historical in nature but rather are based on the Company's beliefs, assumptions, expectations, estimates and projections about the future. These statements are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and involve a degree of uncertainty and attendant risk. Words such as "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "anticipate," "estimate," "continue," and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements regarding the Company's asset quality, the level of allowance for credit losses, the sufficiency of liquidity sources, interest rate change exposure, changes in accounting standards, and the Company's tax plans and strategies. Some of these statements, such as those included in the interest rate sensitivity analysis in Part I, Item 3, entitled "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," are merely presentations of what future performance or changes in future performance would look like based on hypothetical assumptions and on simulation models. Other forward-looking statements are based on Arrow's general perceptions of market conditions and trends in business activity, both the Company's and in the banking industry generally, as well as current management strategies for future operations and development.

These forward-looking statements may not be exhaustive, are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to quantify or, in some cases, to identify.  You should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. In the case of all forward-looking statements, our actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what the statements predict or forecast.  Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to the following, which are or may be amplified by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic:
•the current and rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on economic, market and social conditions;
•other rapid and dramatic changes in economic and market conditions;
•sharp fluctuations in interest rates, economic activity, or consumer spending patterns;
•sudden changes in the market for products provided, such as real estate loans;
•significant changes in banking or other laws and regulations, including both enactment of new legal or regulatory measures or the modification or elimination of pre-existing measures;
•significant changes in U.S. monetary or fiscal policy, including new or revised monetary programs or targets adopted or announced by the Federal Reserve ("monetary tightening or easing") or significant new federal legislation materially affecting the federal budget ("fiscal tightening or expansion");
•competition from other sources (e.g., non-bank entities);
•similar uncertainties inherent in banking operations or business generally, including technological developments and changes; and
•other risks detailed from time to time within our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

The Company is under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Report to conform such statements to actual results. All forward-looking statements, express or implied, included in this Report and the documents incorporated by reference and that are attributable to the Company are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that the Company or any persons acting on our behalf may issue. This Report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the 2019 Annual Report) and our other filings with the SEC.

41

USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The SEC has adopted Regulation G, which applies to certain public disclosures, including earnings releases, made by registered companies that contain "non-GAAP financial measures."  GAAP is generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.  Under Regulation G, companies making public disclosures containing non-GAAP financial measures must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure and a statement of the Company’s reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure as part of its financial disclosures.  The SEC has exempted from the definition of "non-GAAP financial measures" certain commonly used financial measures that are not based on GAAP.  When these exempted measures are included in public disclosures, supplemental information is not required.  The following measures used in this Report, which are commonly utilized by financial institutions, have not been specifically exempted by the SEC and may constitute "non-GAAP financial measures" within the meaning of the SEC's rules, although the Company is unable to state with certainty that the SEC would so regard them.

Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin: Net interest income, as a component of the tabular presentation by financial institutions of Selected Financial Information regarding their recently completed operations, as well as disclosures based on that tabular presentation, is commonly presented on a tax-equivalent basis.  That is, to the extent that some component of the institution's net interest income, which is presented on a before-tax basis, is exempt from taxation (e.g., is received by the institution as a result of its holdings of state or municipal obligations), an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from that component is added to the actual before-tax net interest income total.  This adjustment is considered helpful in comparing one financial institution's net interest income to that of another institution or in analyzing any institution’s net interest income trend line over time, to correct any analytical distortion that might otherwise arise from the fact that financial institutions vary widely in the proportions of their portfolios that are invested in tax-exempt securities, and from the fact that even a single institution may significantly alter over time the proportion of its own portfolio that is invested in tax-exempt obligations.  Moreover, net interest income is itself a component of a second financial measure commonly used by financial institutions, net interest margin, which is the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets.  For purposes of this measure as well, tax-equivalent net interest income is generally used by financial institutions, again to provide a better basis of comparison from institution to institution and to better demonstrate a single institution’s performance over time. The Company follows these practices.

The Efficiency Ratio: Financial institutions often use an "efficiency ratio" as a measure of expense control.  The efficiency ratio typically is defined as the ratio of noninterest expense to net interest income and noninterest income.  Net interest income as utilized in calculating the efficiency ratio is typically the same as the net interest income presented in Selected Financial Information table discussed in the preceding paragraph, i.e., it is expressed on a tax-equivalent basis.  Moreover, many financial institutions, in calculating the efficiency ratio, also adjust both noninterest expense and noninterest income to exclude from these items (as calculated under GAAP) certain recurring component elements of income and expense, such as intangible asset amortization (which is included in noninterest expense under GAAP but may be excluded therefrom for purposes of calculating the efficiency ratio) and securities gains or losses (which are reflected in the calculation of noninterest income under GAAP but may be excluded therefrom for purposes of calculating the efficiency ratio).  The Company makes these adjustments.

Tangible Book Value per Share:  Tangible equity is total stockholders’ equity less intangible assets.  Tangible book value per share is tangible equity divided by total shares issued and outstanding.  Tangible book value per share is often regarded as a more meaningful comparative ratio than book value per share as calculated under GAAP, that is, total stockholders’ equity including intangible assets divided by total shares issued and outstanding.  Intangible assets include many items, but in our case, essentially represents goodwill.

Adjustments for Certain Items of Income or Expense:  In addition to our regular utilization in our public filings and disclosures of the various non-GAAP measures commonly utilized by financial institutions discussed above, the Company also may elect from time to time, in connection with our presentation of various financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as net income, earnings per share (i.e. EPS), return on average assets (i.e. ROA), and return on average equity (i.e. ROE), to provide as well certain comparative disclosures that adjust these GAAP financial measures, typically by removing them from the impact of certain transactions or other material items of income or expense that are unusual or unlikely to be repeated.  The Company will do so only if it believes that provision of the resulting non-GAAP financial measures may improve the average investor's understanding of our results of operations by separating out items that have a disproportional positive or negative impact on the particular period in question or by otherwise permitting a better comparison from period-to-period in our results of operations with respect to our fundamental lines of business, including the commercial banking business.
The Company believes that the non-GAAP financial measures disclosed from time-to-time are useful in evaluating our performance and that such information should be considered as supplemental in nature, and not as a substitute for or superior to, the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.  Non-GAAP financial measures may differ from similar measures presented by other companies.
    


42


Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Quarterly Information
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Quarter Ended9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Net Income$11,046 $9,159 $8,127 $9,740 $10,067 
Transactions in Net Income (Net of Tax):     
Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Investments(53)(80)(279)50 109 
Share and Per Share Data:1
    
Period End Shares Outstanding15,489 15,461 15,432 15,448 15,418 
Basic Average Shares Outstanding15,472 15,441 15,446 15,427 15,404 
Diluted Average Shares Outstanding15,481 15,448 15,476 15,476 15,441 
Basic Earnings Per Share$0.71 $0.59 $0.53 $0.63 $0.65 
Diluted Earnings Per Share0.71 0.59 0.53 0.63 0.65 
Cash Dividend Per Share0.252 0.252 0.252 0.252 0.245 
Selected Quarterly Average Balances:    
  Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks$242,928 $155,931 $32,787 $28,880 $27,083 
  Investment Securities592,457 607,094 603,748 582,982 545,073 
  Loans2,582,253 2,518,198 2,394,346 2,358,110 2,308,879 
  Deposits3,082,499 2,952,432 2,670,009 2,607,421 2,472,528 
  Other Borrowed Funds136,117 129,383 170,987 177,877 231,291 
  Stockholders’ Equity324,269 316,380 306,527 296,124 289,016 
  Total Assets3,583,322 3,437,155 3,180,857 3,113,114 3,023,043 
Return on Average Assets, annualized1.23 %1.07 %1.03 %1.24 %1.32 %
Return on Average Equity, annualized13.55 %11.64 %10.66 %13.05 %13.82 %
Return on Average Tangible Equity, annualized 2
14.61 %12.58 %11.55 %14.18 %15.05 %
Average Earning Assets$3,417,638 $3,281,223 $3,030,881 $2,969,972 $2,881,035 
Average Paying Liabilities2,545,435 2,457,690 2,362,515 2,293,804 2,213,642 
Interest Income27,296 28,002 28,226 28,367 27,952 
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment 3
284 281 288 321 344 
Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3
27,580 28,283 28,514 28,688 28,296 
Interest Expense2,396 3,160 5,220 5,449 5,649 
Net Interest Income24,900 24,842 23,006 22,918 22,303 
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3
25,184 25,123 23,294 23,239 22,647 
Net Interest Margin, annualized2.90 %3.05 %3.05 %3.06 %3.07 %
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent, annualized 3
2.93 %3.08 %3.09 %3.10 %3.12 %
Efficiency Ratio Calculation: 4
    
Noninterest Expense$17,487 $17,245 $17,754 $17,099 $16,791 
Less: Intangible Asset Amortization56 57 58 60 61 
Net Noninterest Expense$17,431 $17,188 $17,696 $17,039 $16,730 
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3
$25,184 $25,123 $23,294 $23,238 $22,647 
Noninterest Income8,697 7,164 7,694 7,081 7,691 
Less: Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Invest.(72)(106)(374)67 146 
Net Gross Income$33,953 $32,393 $31,362 $30,252 $30,192 
Efficiency Ratio 4
51.34 %53.06 %56.42 %56.32 %55.41 %
Period-End Capital Information:     
Total Stockholders’ Equity (i.e. Book Value)$325,660 $317,687 $309,398 $301,728 $292,228 
Book Value per Share 1
21.03 20.55 20.05 19.53 18.95 
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net23,662 23,535 23,513 23,534 23,586 
Tangible Book Value per Share 1,2
19.50 19.03 18.53 18.01 17.42 
Capital Ratios:5
     
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio9.17 %9.32 %9.87 %9.98 %10.04 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio 13.20 %13.07 %12.84 %12.94 %12.93 %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio14.06 %13.94 %13.72 %13.83 %13.85 %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio15.28 %15.10 %14.76 %14.78 %14.81 %
Assets Under Trust Admin. & Investment Mgmt.$1,537,128 $1,502,866 $1,342,531 $1,543,653 $1,485,116 
43

Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Quarterly Information - Continued
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Footnotes:
1.
Share and Per Share Data have been restated for the September 25, 2020, 3% stock dividend.
2.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation: Tangible Book Value, Tangible Equity and Return on Tangible Equity exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net from total equity.  These are non-GAAP financial measures which the Company believes provide investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 42.
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP)$325,660 $317,687 $309,398 $301,728 $292,228 
Less: Goodwill and Other Intangible assets, net23,662 23,535 23,513 23,534 23,586 
Tangible Equity (Non-GAAP)$301,998 $294,152 $285,885 $278,194 $268,642 
Period End Shares Outstanding15,489 15,461 15,432 15,448 15,418 
Tangible Book Value per Share
(Non-GAAP)		$19.50 $19.03 $18.53 $18.01 $17.42 
Net Income11,046 9,159 8,127 9,740 10,067 
Return on Average Tangible Equity (Net Income/Tangible Equity - Annualized)14.61 %12.58 %11.55 %14.18 %15.05 %
3.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation: Net Interest Margin, Tax-Equivalent is the ratio of our annualized tax-equivalent net interest income to average earning assets. This is also a non-GAAP financial measure which Arrow believes provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 42.
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Interest Income (GAAP)$27,296 $28,002 $28,226 $28,367 $27,952 
Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment
(Non-GAAP)		284 281 288 321 344 
Interest Income - Tax Equivalent
(Non-GAAP)		$27,580 $28,283 $28,514 $28,688 $28,296 
Net Interest Income (GAAP)$24,900 $24,842 $23,006 $22,918 $22,303 
Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment
(Non-GAAP)		284 281 288 321 344 
Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent
(Non-GAAP)		$25,184 $25,123 $23,294 $23,239 $22,647 
Average Earning Assets$3,417,638 $3,281,223 $3,030,881 $2,969,972 $2,881,035 
Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP)*2.93 %3.08 %3.09 %3.10 %3.12 %
4.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures: Financial Institutions often use the "efficiency ratio", a non-GAAP ratio, as a measure of expense control. Arrow believes that the efficiency ratio provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. Arrow defines efficiency ratio as the ratio of our noninterest expense to our net gross income (which equals tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, as adjusted). There is no GAAP financial measure that is closely comparable to the efficiency ratio. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 42.
5.
For the current quarter, all of the regulatory capital ratios in the table above, as well as the Total Risk-Weighted Assets and Common Equity Tier 1 Capital amounts listed in the table below, are estimates based on, and calculated in accordance with, bank regulatory capital rules. All prior quarters reflect actual results. The CET1 ratio at September 30, 2020 listed in the tables (i.e., 13.20%) exceeds the sum of the required minimum CET1 ratio plus the fully phased-in Capital Conservation Buffer (i.e., 7.00%).
 9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Total Risk Weighted Assets$2,321,637 $2,283,430 $2,275,902 $2,237,127 $2,184,214 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital306,356 298,362 292,165 289,409 282,485 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio13.20 %13.07 %12.84 %12.94 %12.93 %
* Quarterly ratios have been annualized.

44


Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Year-to-Date Information
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended9/30/20209/30/2019
Net Income$28,332 $27,735 
Transactions Recorded in Net Income (Net of Tax):  
Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Investments(412)166 
Share and Per Share Data: 1
 
Period End Shares Outstanding15,489 15,418 
Basic Average Shares Outstanding15,453 15,375 
Diluted Average Shares Outstanding15,467 15,417 
Basic Earnings Per Share$1.83 $1.80 
Diluted Earnings Per Share1.83 1.80 
Cash Dividend Per Share0.76 0.74 
Selected Year-to-Date Average Balances: 
  Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks$144,244 $26,121 
  Investment Securities601,069 580,062 
  Loans2,498,573 2,258,633 
  Deposits2,902,307 2,419,390 
  Other Borrowed Funds145,463 271,198 
  Stockholders’ Equity315,757 280,769 
  Total Assets3,401,114 2,999,354 
Return on Average Assets, annualized1.11 %1.24 %
Return on Average Equity, annualized11.99 %13.21 %
Return on Average Tangible Equity, annualized 2
12.95 %14.42 %
Average Earning Assets3,243,886 2,864,816 
Average Paying Liabilities2,455,544 2,224,463 
Interest Income83,524 81,392 
Tax-Equivalent Adjustment 3
853 1,093 
Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3
84,377 82,485 
Interest Expense10,776 16,261 
Net Interest Income72,748 65,131 
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3
73,601 66,224 
Net Interest Margin, annualized3.00 %3.04 %
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent, annualized 3
3.03 %3.09 %
Efficiency Ratio Calculation: 4
 
Noninterest Expense$52,486 $50,351 
Less: Intangible Asset Amortization171 184 
Net Noninterest Expense52,315 50,167 
Net Interest Income, Tax-Equivalent 3
73,601 66,224 
Noninterest Income23,555 21,474 
Less: Net Changes in Fair Value of Equity Securities(552)222 
Net Gross Income97,708 87,476 
Efficiency Ratio 4
53.54 %57.35 %

45


Arrow Financial Corporation
Selected Year-to-Date Information - Continued
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts - Unaudited)
Footnotes:
1.
Share and Per Share Data have been restated for the September 25, 2020, 3% stock dividend.
2.
Tangible Book Value, Tangible Equity and Return on Tangible Equity exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net from total equity.  These are non-GAAP financial measures which the Company believes provide investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 42.
9/30/20209/30/2019
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP)$325,660 $292,228 
Less: Goodwill and Other Intangible assets, net23,662 23,586 
Tangible Equity (Non-GAAP)$301,998 $268,642 
Period End Shares Outstanding15,489 15,418 
Tangible Book Value per Share (Non-GAAP)$19.50 $17.42 
Net Income28,332 27,735 
Return on Average Tangible Equity (Net Income/Tangible Equity - Annualized)12.95 %14.42 %
3.
Net Interest Margin is the ratio of our annualized tax-equivalent net interest income to average earning assets. This is also a non-GAAP financial measure which the Company believes provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 42.
9/30/20209/30/2019
Interest Income (GAAP)$83,524 $81,392 
Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP)$853 $1,093 
Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP)$84,377 $82,485 
Net Interest Income (GAAP)$72,748 $65,131 
Add: Tax-Equivalent adjustment (Non-GAAP)853 1,093 
Net Interest Income - Tax Equivalent (Non-GAAP)$73,601 $66,224 
Average Earning Assets$3,243,886 $2,864,816 
Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP)*3.03 %3.09 %
4.
Financial Institutions often use the "efficiency ratio", a non-GAAP ratio, as a measure of expense control. The Company believes efficiency ratio provides investors with information that is useful in understanding financial performance. Efficiency ratio is defined as the ratio of our noninterest expense to our net gross income (which equals our tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, as adjusted). See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on page 42.
 * Year-to-date ratios have been annualized.

46


Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis
(Dollars In Thousands)
Quarter Ended September 30:20202019
InterestRateInterestRate
AverageIncome/Earned/AverageIncome/Earned/
BalanceExpensePaidBalanceExpensePaid
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks$242,928 $64 0.10 %$27,083 $182 2.67 %
Investment Securities:
Fully Taxable395,349 1,557 1.57 328,328 2,018 2.44 
Exempt from Federal Taxes197,108 969 1.96 216,745 1,132 2.07 
Loans2,582,253 24,706 3.81 2,308,879 24,620 4.23 
Total Earning Assets3,417,638 27,296 3.18 2,881,035 27,952 3.85 
Allowance for Credit Losses(26,310)(20,617)
Cash and Due From Banks37,905 36,423 
Other Assets154,089 126,202 
Total Assets$3,583,322 $3,023,043 
Deposits:
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts$764,614 264 0.14 $686,017 500 0.29 
Savings Deposits1,314,241 806 0.24 924,868 2,317 0.99 
Time Deposits of $250,000 or More121,027 292 0.96 86,018 451 2.08 
Other Time Deposits209,436 576 1.09 285,448 1,255 1.74 
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits2,409,318 1,938 0.32 1,982,351 4,523 0.91 
Short-Term Borrowings60,894 17 0.11 176,028 703 1.58 
FHLBNY Term Advances & Other Long-Term Debt70,000 392 2.23 50,000 395 3.13 
Finance Leases5,223 49 3.73 5,263 28 2.11 
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities2,545,435 2,396 0.37 2,213,642 5,649 1.01 
Noninterest-bearing deposits673,181 490,177 
Other Liabilities40,437 30,208 
Total Liabilities3,259,053 2,734,027 
Stockholders’ Equity324,269 289,016 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$3,583,322 $3,023,043 
Net Interest Income$24,900 $22,303 
Net Interest Spread2.81 %2.84 %
Net Interest Margin2.90 %3.07 %
47

Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis
(Dollars In Thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30:20202019
InterestRateInterestRate
AverageIncome/
Earned/
AverageIncome/
Earned/
BalanceExpensePaidBalanceExpensePaid
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Banks
$144,244 $229 0.21 %$26,121 $572 2.93 %
Investment Securities:
Fully Taxable399,958 5,621 1.88 353,428 6,671 2.52 
Exempt from Federal Taxes
201,111 3,017 2.00 226,634 3,606 2.13 
Loans2,498,573 74,657 3.99 2,258,633 70,543 4.18 
Total Earning Assets3,243,886 83,524 3.44 2,864,816 81,392 3.80 
Allowance for Credit Losses(24,037)(20,352)
Cash and Due From Banks34,624 34,907 
Other Assets146,641 119,983 
Total Assets$3,401,114 $2,999,354 
Deposits:
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts$737,647 1,061 0.19 $728,931 1,435 0.26 
Savings Deposits1,207,896 4,450 0.49 879,576 5,926 0.90 
Time Deposits of $250,000 or More
127,659 1,263 1.32 87,714 1,362 2.08 
Other Time Deposits236,879 2,360 1.33 257,044 3,099 1.61 
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits
2,310,081 9,134 0.53 1,953,265 11,822 0.81 
Short-Term Borrowings69,132 241 0.47 212,977 3,102 1.95 
FHLBNY Term Advances and Other Long-Term Debt
71,095 1,253 2.35 54,469 1,266 3.11 
Finance Leases5,236 148 3.78 3,752 713.72 
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities
2,455,544 10,776 0.59 2,224,463 16,261 0.98 
Noninterest-bearing deposits592,226 466,125 
Other Liabilities37,587 27,998 
Total Liabilities3,085,357 2,718,586 
Stockholders’ Equity315,757 280,768 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
$3,401,114 $2,999,354 
Net Interest Income$72,748 $65,131 
Net Interest Spread2.85 %2.82 %
Net Interest Margin3.00 %3.04 %


48

OVERVIEW
    
The following discussion and analysis focuses on and reviews the results of operations for the three month period ended September 30, 2020 and the financial condition as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.  The discussion below should be read in conjunction with the selected quarterly and annual information set forth above and the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial data presented elsewhere in this Report.  When necessary, prior-year financial information has been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation.

COVID-19 Pandemic:
In March 2020, the World Health Organization recognized COVID-19 as a pandemic. In response, the United States federal government and various state and local governments have, among other actions, imposed travel and business restrictions and required or advised communities in which we do business to adopt stay-at-home orders and social distancing guidelines, causing some businesses to adjust, reduce or suspend operating activities. Like many businesses, we expect the operations and financial results to continue to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The severity, magnitude and duration of the current pandemic are still uncertain, rapidly changing and hard to predict.
Arrow continues to manage its COVID-19 response with health and safety concerns as a top priority. In the third quarter, the Business Continuity Task Force, representing leadership from across the organization, focused on maintaining protocols that have allowed Arrow to keep the team healthy and the branches open. Arrow actively monitors developments, and if future restrictions are imposed, is confident in its ability to continue to provide essential banking services and meet customer needs.
Throughout the third quarter, Arrow maintained open lobbies for the majority of its bank branches and insurance offices. Safety measures continue to be followed, including clear shields for desks and teller lines, hand sanitizing stations, required face coverings, and social distancing markers. Traffic to lobbies is stable, and Arrow continues to promote usage of no-contact alternatives such as digital banking, drive-ins and ATMs. While some positions have returned to the office, a significant portion of the Arrow workforce remains remote as part of our risk-mitigation strategy. Additionally, employee travel remains paused, self-quarantine protocol is in place for personal travel to areas classified as hot spots, in-person meetings are minimized, social distancing is strongly enforced, and increased cleaning and sanitizing of Arrow's locations continue. Arrow believes these measures have helped to keep the workforce healthy and has aided in community efforts to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Arrow will continue to utilize these measures as appropriate based on public health guidance.
During the third quarter, support continued for customers experiencing financial hardship. Arrow worked closely with individuals and businesses seeking temporary financial assistance. On the small business side, support for Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") borrowers shifted from taking new loan applications to preparing for loan forgiveness. In total, Arrow has assisted more than 1,400 small businesses in acquiring more than $142.7 million in PPP funding. The Arrow team has engaged in regular communication concerning updates to the PPP and the start of our digital forgiveness application process.
While COVID-19 did not have a material adverse effect on third-quarter 2020 financial results, Arrow is actively monitoring the impact of the pandemic on the business and results of operations. Currently, all banking locations and a portion of insurance locations are open to the public, and through a mix of onsite and remote work amongst the Arrow team, Arrow continues to meet customer needs and deliver high-quality service daily.
As Arrow cannot predict the duration or scope of the pandemic or its impact on economic and financial markets or its impact on the business, Arrow is unable to reasonably estimate the overall impact on the Company. For further discussion of the impact COVID-19 has had and may in the future have on Arrow and its financial results and operations, please refer to the risk factor included in Item 8.01 of Arrow's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 24, 2020.

Summary of Q3 2020 Financial Results: Net income for the third quarter of 2020 was $11.0 million, compared to $10.1 million in the third quarter of 2019. Net interest income increased to $24.9 million in the third quarter of 2020, compared to $22.3 million for the comparable quarter of 2019.
Diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter was $0.71, an increase of 9.2% from the EPS of $0.65 reported for the third quarter of 2019. Return on average equity (ROE) for the third quarter of 2020 decreased to 13.55%, as compared to a ROE of 13.82% for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. Return on average assets (ROA) for the 2020 third quarter was 1.23%, a decrease from an ROA of 1.32% for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
Total loans reached $2.6 billion as of September 30, 2020, which represented an increase of $256.9 million, or 11.0% as compared to September 30, 2019. In the third quarter, loans grew by $30.5 million. The consumer loan portfolio grew by $43.7 million, or 5.4%, as compared to September 30, 2019, primarily within the indirect automobile lending program. Total outstanding residential real estate loans increased $36.2 million, or 4.1%, as compared to September 30, 2019. Total outstanding commercial loans increased $176.9 million, or 27.6%, as compared to September 30, 2019. The increase in commercial loans includes $142.7 million of the Small Business Administration's Paycheck Protection Program loans.
At September 30, 2020, deposit balances reached $3.3 billion, up $650.3 million, or 24.9%, from the prior-year level. Deposit growth for the third quarter of 2020 was $196.1 million. Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 21.1% of total deposits at September 30, 2020, compared to 19.8% of total deposits on September 30, 2019. At September 30, 2020, other time deposits were $194.1 million, a decrease of $75.6 million compared to the prior year. Municipal deposits increased $218.8 million, or 34.6% from September 30, 2019.
Net interest income for the third quarter increased to $24.9 million, up 11.6% from $22.3 million in the comparable quarter of 2019. The net interest margin was 2.90% for the quarter, compared to 3.07% for the third quarter of 2019. The decrease in net interest margin from the prior year was due to a variety of factors, including: lower interest rates, increased cash balances and the impact of participating in the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program.
49

Noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $8.7 million, compared to $7.7 million in the comparable 2019 quarter. For the third quarter of 2020, the net gain on the sale of loans was $1.4 million. In addition, income from fiduciary activities for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased over the comparable quarter of 2019.
Noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2020 increased 4.1% to $17.5 million, from $16.8 million for the third quarter of 2019. Salaries and benefits increased $393 thousand. In the third quarter, both the Saratoga National Bank Latham branch and the Capital Region Business Development Office opened, increasing occupancy expenses for the quarter.
Asset quality remained strong at September 30, 2020, with continued low levels of nonperforming loans and net charge-offs. Nonperforming loans at September 30, 2020, were $6.3 million, up $1.6 million from the level at September 30, 2019. Net charge-offs, expressed as an annualized percentage of average loans outstanding, were 0.02% for the three month period ended September 30, 2020, a decrease from both 0.06% for the three month period ended December 31, 2019 and from 0.05% for the three month period ended September 30, 2019. The allowance for loan losses was $28.4 million at September 30, 2020, which represented 1.10% of loans outstanding, as compared to 0.90% at September 30, 2019. The loss provision expense for the third quarter of 2020 was $2.3 million, up $1.8 million from the provision expense for the comparable 2019 quarter. Although credit quality remains very strong, the increase in loss provision reflects the uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
The changes in net income, net interest income and net interest margin between the three month periods are discussed in detail under the heading "RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," beginning on page 65.

Regulatory Capital and Increase in Stockholders' Equity: At September 30, 2020, Arrow continued to exceed all required minimum capital ratios under the current bank regulatory capital rules as implemented under Dodd-Frank (the "Capital Rules") at both the holding company and bank levels.  At that date, both subsidiary banks, as well as the holding company, continued to qualify as "well-capitalized" under the capital classification guidelines as defined by the Capital Rules.  Because of continued profitability and strong asset quality, the regulatory capital levels throughout recent years have consistently remained well in excess of the various required regulatory minimums in effect from time to time, as they do at present.  Pursuant to the Capital Rules, required minimum regulatory capital levels for insured banks and their parent holding companies increased in 2019.
The federal bank regulators have issued a final rule to implement the “community bank leverage ratio”, introducing an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations (the CBLR framework).  To qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must satisfy certain requirements, including having a leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance-sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities.  A qualifying community banking organization that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the CBLR framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the “prompt corrective action” regulations and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based capital ratios. Subsequently, Section 4012 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act required the federal banking agencies to temporarily lower the threshold for election of the CBLR framework, issuing two interim final rules to set the CLBR at 8% as of the second quarter of 2020 and then gradually re-establish the CBLR at 9%.
Under the final rule, the CBLR will remain at 8% through the end of 2020. Community banks that have a leverage ratio of 8% or greater and meet certain other criteria may elect to use the CBLR framework. Beginning in 2021, the CBLR will increase to 8.5% for the calendar year. Community banks will have until January 1, 2022, before the leverage ratio requirement to use the CBLR framework will return to 9%.
The final rule also maintains a two-quarter grace period for a qualifying community banking organization whose leverage ratio falls no more than one percentage point below the applicable CBLR requirement.
The CBLR final rule became effective as of January 1, 2020, and Arrow and both subsidiary banks have opted out of utilizing the CBLR framework. The Capital Rules promulgated under Dodd-Frank will remain applicable to Arrow.
Stockholders’ equity was $325.7 million at September 30, 2020, an increase of $23.9 million, or 7.9%, from the December 31, 2019 level of $301.7 million, and an increase of $33.4 million, or 11.4%, from the prior-year level. The increase in stockholders' equity over the first nine months of 2020 principally reflected the following factors: (i) $28.3 million of net income for the period, plus (ii) other comprehensive income of $6.1 million, plus (iii) issuance of $2.8 million of common stock through employee benefit and dividend reinvestment plans; reduced by (iv) cash dividends of $11.7 million; and (v) repurchases of common stock of $1.6 million. The components of the change in stockholders’ equity since year-end 2019 are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity on page 6, and are discussed in more detail in the next section.
At September 30, 2020, book value per share was $21.03, up by 11.0% over the prior-year level. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP measure that deducts intangible assets from stockholders' equity) was $19.50, an increase of $2.08,or 11.9%, over the level as of September 30, 2019. See the disclosure on page 42 related to the use of non-GAAP financial measures including tangible book value.
On September 30, 2020, the Company's closing stock price was $29.73, representing a trading multiple of 1.52 to tangible book value. As adjusted for the 3% stock dividend distributed on September 25, 2020, in the third quarter of 2020, the Company paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25. Further discussion of dividends is included in the Capital Components; Stock Repurchases; Dividends section located on page 62.

Loan Quality: Net charge-offs for the third quarter of 2020 were $125 thousand as compared to $282 thousand for the comparable 2019 quarter. The ratio of net charge-offs to average loans (annualized) was 0.02% for the three month period ended September 30, 2020, a decrease from both 0.06% for the three month period ended December 31, 2019 and from 0.05% for the three month period ended September 30, 2019. At September 30, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was $28.4 million representing 1.10% of total loans, which is an increase from the September 30, 2019 ratio of 0.90%. Although credit quality remains very strong, the increase in loan loss provision expense reflects the uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. As permitted by the CARES Act, Arrow has elected to defer the adoption of the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") methodology in determining credit losses.
50

Nonperforming loans were $6.3 million at September 30, 2020, representing 0.24% of period-end loans, an increase from the September 30, 2019 ratio of 0.20%. The ratio continues to compare favorably with the weighted average ratio of the peer group of 0.59% at June 30, 2020.

Loan Segments: As of September 30, 2020, total loans grew by $206.3 million, or 8.6%, as compared to the balance at December 31, 2019. The largest increase was in commercial and commercial real estate loans, which increased by $156.0 million, or 23.6%, from December 31, 2019. The majority of the increase in commercial loans resulted from the origination of approximately $142.7 million of Small Business Administration's Paycheck Protection Program loans. In addition, consumer loans expanded $38.3 million, or 4.7%. The economic factors resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including but not limited to restrictions on non-essential businesses, will most likely adversely impact loan growth for the remainder of the year.
•Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Loans: Combined, these loans comprise 31.5% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. Commercial property values in the Company’s region have largely remained stable year-to-date, however, there remains uncertainty surrounding market conditions due to the pandemic. Appraisals on nonperforming and watched CRE loan properties are updated as deemed necessary, usually when the loan is downgraded or when there has been significant market deterioration since the last appraisal. The temporary closure of nonessential business in New York has impacted, and may continue to impact, the Bank's customer base. Government intervention, with programs such as the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program, may mitigate the economic risk to both Arrow and its customers, however the full impact cannot be determined at this time.
•Consumer Loans: These loans (primarily automobile loans) comprised 32.8% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. Consumer automobile loans at September 30, 2020, were $844 million, or 99.4% of this portfolio segment. In the first nine months of 2020, Arrow did not experience any significant increase in the delinquency rate or in the percentage of nonperforming loans in this segment. The vast majority of automobile loans are initiated through the purchase of vehicles by consumers with automobile dealers. The physical sale of vehicles through dealerships had been curtailed for a significant part of 2020 as part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York and Vermont, our primary dealer network. Thus, the volume of originations of consumer loans will be negatively impacted, although the magnitude of the impact cannot be determined.
•Residential Real Estate Loans: These loans, including home equity loans, made up 35.7% of the total loan portfolio at period-end. The residential real estate market in the Company's service area has been stable in recent periods. Arrow originated nearly all of the residential real estate loans currently held in the loan portfolio and applies conservative underwriting standards to loan originations. Arrow typically sells a portion of residential real estate mortgage originations into the secondary market. The ratio of the sales of originations to total originations tends to fluctuate from period to period based on market conditions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not yet possible to determine the long term economic impact of the mandated closure of non-essential business and its resulting impact on our residential real estate loan portfolio. It should be noted, however, that in the third quarter of 2020, historically low interest rates have led to higher originations compared to the third quarter of the prior year.

Liquidity and Access to Credit Markets: The Company has not experienced any liquidity problems or special concerns in recent years or thus far in 2020. Arrow’s liquidity position provides the necessary flexibility to address any unexpected near-term disruptions that may develop as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic such as: reduced cash-flows from the investment and loan portfolios and aggressive funding of programs associated with response efforts.  Interest-bearing cash balances at September 30, 2020 were $396.4 million compared to $26.4 million at September 30, 2019.  Operating collateralized lines of credit are established and available through the FHLBNY and FRB, totaling $1.3 billion. The terms of Arrow's lines of credit have not changed significantly in recent periods (see the general liquidity discussion on page 62). Historically, the Company has principally relied on asset-based liquidity (i.e., funds in overnight investments and cash flow from maturing investments and loans) with liability-based liquidity as a secondary source of funds (the main liability-based sources are an overnight borrowing arrangement with correspondent banks, an arrangement for overnight borrowing and term credit advances from the FHLBNY, and an additional arrangement for short-term advances at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window). Regular liquidity stress tests and tests of the contingent liquidity plan are performed to ensure that an adequate amount of available funds can be generated to meet a wide variety of potential liquidity crises including the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Visa Class B Common Stock: Arrow's subsidiary bank, Glens Falls National, like other Visa member banks, bears some indirect contingent liability for Visa's direct liability arising out of certain antitrust claims involving merchant discounts to the extent that Visa's liability might exceed the amount funded in its litigation escrow account. On September 18, 2018, Visa issued a press release announcing that it and other defendants entered into a settlement agreement with class action plaintiffs in the related litigation case. But certain merchants opted out of the class action settlement and filed separate litigation cases. Once the class action and other merchant litigation cases are settled and the balance in the litigation escrow account is sufficient to cover the litigation claims and related expenses, Arrow could potentially realize a gain on the receipt of Visa Class A common stock. On September 27, 2019, Visa deposited $300 million into the litigation escrow account that was established pursuant to Visa’s U.S. retrospective responsibility plan, which reduces the conversion rate of Class B shares to Class A shares. This did not have a significant effect on the number of Class B shares currently convertible to Class A shares by Glens Falls National. At September 30, 2020, Glens Falls National held 27,771 shares of Visa Class B common stock, and utilizing the conversion ratio to Class A common stock at that time, these Class B shares would convert to 45,000 shares of Visa Class A common stock. Since the litigation settlement is not certain, the Company does not recognize any economic value for these shares.
51

CHANGE IN FINANCIAL CONDITION

Summary of Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
(Dollars in Thousands)
September 30, 2020
At Period-End


December 31,
2019
September 30, 2019$ Change
From December		$ Change
From
September		% Change
From December (not annualized)		% Change
From
September
Interest-Bearing Bank Balances$396,380 $23,186 $26,416 $373,194 $369,964 1,609.6 %1,400.5 %
Securities Available-for-Sale374,928 357,334 314,182 17,594 60,746 4.9 %19.3 %
Securities Held-to-Maturity224,799 245,065 255,095 (20,266)(30,296)(8.3)%(11.9)%
Equity Securities 1,511 2,063 1,996 (552)(485)(26.8)%(24.3)%
Loans (1)
2,592,455 2,386,120 2,335,591 206,335 256,864 8.6 %11.0 %
Allowance for loan losses28,446 21,187 20,931 7,259 7,515 34.3 %35.9 %
Earning Assets (1)
3,595,647 3,024,085 2,939,907 571,562 655,740 18.9 %22.3 %
Total Assets$3,777,684 $3,184,275 $3,112,822 $593,409 $664,862 18.6 %21.4 %
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits$690,232 $484,944 $516,876 $205,288 $173,356 42.3 %33.5 %
Interest-Bearing Checking
Accounts		912,980 689,221 801,446 223,759 111,534 32.5 %13.9 %
Savings Deposits1,354,956 1,046,568 929,691 308,388 425,265 29.5 %45.7 %
Time Deposits over $250,000112,555 123,968 96,770 (11,413)15,785 (9.2)%16.3 %
Other Time Deposits194,135 271,353 269,764 (77,218)(75,629)(28.5)%(28.0)%
Total Deposits$3,264,858 $2,616,054 $2,614,547 $648,804 $650,311 24.8 %24.9 %
Federal Funds Purchased and
Securities Sold Under
Agreements to Repurchase		$73,949 $51,099 $72,869 $22,850 $1,080 44.7 %1.5 %
FHLBNY Advances - Overnight— 130,000 48,000 (130,000)(48,000)(100.0)%(100.0)%
FHLBNY Advances - Term50,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 66.7 %66.7 %
Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated
Subsidiary Trusts		20,000 20,000 20,000 — — — %— %
Stockholders' Equity325,660 301,728 292,228 23,932 33,432 7.9 %11.4 %
(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans.
    
Changes in Earning Assets: The loan portfolio at September 30, 2020, was $2.6 billion, an increase of $206.3 million, or 8.6%, from the December 31, 2019 level and up by $256.9 million, or 11.0%, from the September 30, 2019 level. The following trends were experienced in our largest segments:
•Commercial and commercial real estate loans: This segment of the loan portfolio increased by $156.0 million, or 23.6%, during the first nine months of 2020. The majority of the increase resulted from the origination of approximately of $142.7 million of the Small Business Administration's Payroll Protection Program loans.
•Consumer loans (primarily automobile loans through indirect lending): As of September 30, 2020, these loans, primarily auto loans, increased by $38.3 million, or 4.7%, from the December 31, 2019 balance. The physical sale of vehicles through dealerships, which had been curtailed for a portion of the year as part of the New York State and Vermont response to the COVID-19 pandemic, has resumed. However, while certain restrictions and guidelines have been lifted or relaxed, they may be reinstituted in response to the continuing effects of the pandemic.
•Residential real estate loans: This segment increased during the first nine months of 2020 by $12.1 million, or 1.3%. The likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of residential real estate loans is difficult to determine. We expect that elevated unemployment and the temporary closure of some non-essential businesses in New York State may have an adverse impact on new originations. The rapid decline of interest rates has, however, increased near-term demand for refinancing and new purchase loans, both with existing and new customers.

Changes in Sources of Funds: Deposit balances reached $3.3 billion, up $650.3 million, or 24.9%, from the prior-year level. Deposit growth for the third quarter of 2020 was $196.1 million. Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 21.1% of total deposits at September 30, 2020, compared to 19.8% of total deposits on September 30, 2019. At September 30, 2020, other time deposits were $194.1 million, a decrease of $75.6 million compared to the prior year. Municipal deposits increased $218.8 million, or 34.6% from September 30, 2019.
52

Municipal Deposits: Fluctuations in balances of interest-bearing checking accounts are largely the result of timing and behavior of municipal deposits.  Municipal deposits on average represent 20% to 25% of total deposits, although slightly higher at September 30, 2020. Municipal deposits are typically placed in interest-bearing checking, savings and various time deposit accounts.
In general, there is a seasonal pattern to municipal deposits which dip to a low point in August each year.  Account balances tend to increase throughout the fall and into early winter from tax deposits, flatten out after the beginning of the ensuing calendar year, and increase again at the end of March from the electronic deposit of NYS Aid payments to school districts.  In addition to seasonal behavior, the overall level of municipal deposit balances fluctuates from year-to-year as a result of local economic factors as well as competition from other banks and non-bank entities.

FINANCIAL CONDITION
Investment Portfolio Trends
The table below presents the changes in the period-end balances for available-for-sale, held-to-maturity and equity securities from December 31, 2019 to September 30, 2020 (in thousands).
(Dollars in Thousands)
Fair Value at Period-EndNet Unrealized Gains (Losses)
For Period Ended
9/30/202012/31/2019Change9/30/202012/31/2019Change
Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Agency Securities$35,167 $5,054 $30,113 $166 $52 $114 
State and Municipal Obligations593 764 (171)— — — 
Mortgage-Backed Securities
338,368 350,716 (12,348)8,481 772 7,709 
Corporate and Other Debt Securities800 800 — (200)(200)— 
Total$374,928 $357,334 $17,594 $8,447 $624 $7,823 
Securities Held-to-Maturity:
State and Municipal Obligations$203,180 $212,319 $(9,139)$7,445 $4,076 $3,369 
Mortgage-Backed Securities30,321 37,299 (6,978)1,257 477 780 
Total$233,501 $249,618 $(16,117)$8,702 $4,553 $4,149 
Equity Securities $1,511 $2,063 $(552)$— $— $— 
At September 30, 2020, the Company held no investment securities in the securities portfolios that consisted of or included, directly or indirectly, obligations of foreign governments or governmental agencies of foreign issuers.
In the periods referenced above, Mortgage-Backed Securities consisted solely of mortgage pass-through securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs") issued or guaranteed by U.S. federal agencies.  Mortgage pass-through securities provide to the investor monthly portions of principal and interest pursuant to the contractual obligations of the underlying mortgages. CMOs are pools of mortgage-backed securities, the repayments on which have generally been separated into two or more components (tranches), where each tranche has a separate estimated life and yield.  The Company's practice has been to purchase pass-through securities and CMOs that are issued or guaranteed by U.S. federal agencies, and the tranches of CMOs purchased are generally those having shorter average lives and/or durations. As a result of payment deferrals on underlying loan collateral that make up mortgage-backed securities, some cashflows may be temporarily impacted.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
Each quarter all investment securities with a fair value less than amortized cost are evaluated in the available-for-sale portfolio, the held-to-maturity portfolio and the equity securities portfolio, to determine if there exists other-than-temporary impairment for any such security as defined under generally accepted accounting principles. The evaluation also examined the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other-than-temporary impairment. There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses in the first nine months of 2020.
Change in Net Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses): Nearly all of the change in net unrealized gains or losses during recent periods has been attributable to changes in the market rates during the periods in question, with no change in the credit-worthiness of the issuers.

53

Investment Sales, Purchases and Maturities
There were no sales of investment securities within the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.

The following table summarizes purchases of investment securities within the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, as well as proceeds from the maturity and calls of investment securities within each portfolio for the respective periods presented:
(In Thousands)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
Purchases:9/30/20209/30/20199/30/20209/30/2019
Available-for-Sale Portfolio
Mortgage-Backed Securities$30,000 $55,028 $86,832 $70,418 
Maturities & Calls$32,809 $27,391 $75,449 $79,077 

Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
Purchases:9/30/20209/30/20199/30/20209/30/2019
Held-to-Maturity Portfolio
State and Municipal Obligations$1,842 $1,302 $6,848 $3,398 
Maturities & Calls$10,384 $8,553 $26,570 $31,161 

Loan Trends
The following three tables present, for each of the last five quarters, the quarterly average balances by loan type, the percentage of total loans represented by each loan type and the annualized yield of each loan category. Over the last five quarters, the average balances for Commercial, Commercial Real Estate, Consumer and Residential Real Estate have steadily increased, although at different rates. As result of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is uncertain if this consistent growth will continue through the pandemic.

Quarterly Average Loan Balances
(Dollars in Thousands)
Quarter Ended
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Commercial$276,296 $234,732 $140,486 $133,550 $125,498 
Commercial Real Estate538,914 530,808 518,931 505,639 493,819 
Consumer841,009 840,734 818,892 817,463 809,641 
Residential Real Estate926,034 911,924 916,037 901,458 879,921 
Total Loans$2,582,253 $2,518,198 $2,394,346 $2,358,110 $2,308,879 

Percentage of Total Quarterly Average Loans
Quarter Ended
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Commercial9.3 %9.3 %5.9 %5.7 %5.4 %
Commercial Real Estate21.1 %21.1 %21.6 %21.4 %21.4 %
Consumer33.4 %33.4 %34.2 %34.7 %35.1 %
Residential Real Estate36.2 %36.2 %38.3 %38.2 %38.1 %
Total Loans100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %

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Quarterly Yield on Loans
Quarter Ended
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Commercial3.73 %3.84 %4.52 %4.54 %4.60 %
Commercial Real Estate3.91 %4.05 %4.34 %4.53 %4.57 %
Consumer3.89 %3.90 %3.97 %4.01 %3.95 %
Residential Real Estate3.86 %4.08 %4.20 %4.20 %4.27 %
Total Loans3.81 %4.01 %4.18 %4.19 %4.23 %
    
The average yield of the overall total loan portfolio decreased during each of the previous four quarters. The COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid decline to historically low market rates, as well as the addition of $142.7 million of Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program loans (as described below) will continue to negatively impact loan yields for the remainder of 2020.

Maintenance of High Quality in the Loan Portfolio: In early 2020, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no significant fluctuations in the quality of the loan portfolio or any segment thereof. In general, residential real estate loans have historically been underwritten to secondary market standards for prime loans and the Company has not engaged in subprime mortgage lending as a business line. Similarly, high underwriting standards have generally been applied to commercial and commercial real estate lending operations and generally in the indirect lending program as well. The economic events related to the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically elevated unemployment and the temporary mandated closure of nonessential business, may impact the ability of our borrowers to satisfy their obligations.

Commercial Loans and Commercial Real Estate Loans: Substantially all commercial and commercial real estate loans in the loan portfolio were extended to businesses or borrowers located in the Company's regional markets. A portion of the loans in the commercial portfolio have variable rates tied to Prime, LIBOR or FHLBNY rates.
Many of the commercial and commercial real estate loans are in industries that have been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, Arrow originated over 1,400 PPP loans totaling approximately $142.7 million. The PPP loans yield 1% and Arrow expects to earn approximately $5.1 million in fees related to the origination of these loans. The original term on the PPP loans is two years, however the borrower will have the option to apply for forgiveness. Subsequent to the funding of the loans, additional guidance was provided that the term of the loan may be extended to five years if both parties agree to the revised terms. Arrow is recognizing the fees earned over the life of the loan and will accelerate recognition of the fees if the loan is forgiven by the Small Business Administration. Additional government intervention, if any, may mitigate the economic risk to both Arrow and its customers, however, the extent of such intervention and its impact cannot be determined at this time.

Consumer Loans: At September 30, 2020, consumer loans (primarily automobile loans originated through dealerships located primarily in upstate New York and Vermont) continue to be a significant component of Arrow's business, comprising more than one third of this total loan portfolio. The physical sale of vehicles through dealerships had been curtailed for a portion of the year as part of the New York State and Vermont response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we believe, the volume of originations of consumer loans have been impacted. However, the magnitude of the impact cannot be determined.
New consumer loan volume for the first nine months of 2020 was $292.8 million, down from the $319.6 million originated in the first nine months of 2019.
For credit quality purposes, Arrow assigns potential automobile loan customers into one of four tiers, ranging from lower to higher quality in terms of anticipated credit risk. Arrow's experienced lending staff not only utilizes credit evaluation software tools but also reviews and evaluates each loan individually prior to the loan being funded. Arrow believes that this disciplined approach to evaluating risk has contributed to maintaining the strong credit quality in this portfolio. The COVID-19 pandemic has created elevated unemployment, which may impact borrowers' ability to satisfy their obligations to Arrow. Government intervention may mitigate a significant portion of the credit risk, however, the extent of such intervention and its impact cannot be determined at this time.

Residential Real Estate Loans: In recent years, residential real estate loans, including home equity loans, have represented the largest category of the total loan portfolio. Gross originations for residential real estate loans (including refinancings of mortgage loans) for the first nine months of 2020 were $157.0 million, as compared to $102.2 million for the first nine months of 2019. Arrow has also sold portions of these originations in the secondary market. In the first nine months of 2020, the Company sold $50.5 million, or 32.2%, of originations. In the first nine months of 2019, $19.0 million, or 18.6%, of originations were sold. Arrow expects to continue to sell a portion of mortgage loan originations in upcoming periods if market conditions warrant. It is not currently possible to determine the long term economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had resulted in the temporary closure of non-essential business and elevated unemployment.


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Deposit Trends
The following tables provide information on trends in the balance and mix of the deposit portfolio by presenting, for each of the last five quarters, the quarterly average balances by deposit type and the percentage of total deposits represented by each deposit type. The quarterly average balances of both noninterest-bearing deposits and interest-bearing checking and savings accounts have increased significantly in the last two quarters. Time deposits, over $250,000 as well as other time deposits, have decreased over the last two quarters. Market rates, beginning to decline prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, reached historic lows in the first quarter and have remained low through the third quarter. We do not currently expect any change in the rate environment for remainder of 2020.

Quarterly Average Deposit Balances
(Dollars in Thousands)
Quarter Ended
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits$673,181 $624,125 $478,481 $491,494 $490,177 
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts764,614 740,284 707,747 724,668 686,017 
Savings Deposits1,314,241 1,215,296 1,092,980 1,003,612 924,868 
Time Deposits over $250,000121,027 135,978 126,046 120,321 86,018 
Other Time Deposits209,436 236,749 264,755 267,326 285,448 
Total Deposits$3,082,499 $2,952,432 $2,670,009 $2,607,421 $2,472,528 

Percentage of Total Quarterly Average Deposits
Quarter Ended
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Noninterest-Bearing Deposits21.8 %21.1 %17.9 %18.8 %19.8 %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts24.8 25.1 26.5 27.8 27.7 
Savings Deposits42.7 41.2 41.0 38.5 37.5 
Time Deposits over $250,0003.9 4.6 4.7 4.6 3.5 
Other Time Deposits6.8 8.0 9.9 10.3 11.5 
Total Deposits100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %
    
Quarterly Cost of Deposits
Quarter Ended
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Demand Deposits— %— %— %— %— %
Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts0.14 %0.17 %0.28 %0.30 %0.29 %
Savings Deposits0.24 %0.39 %0.91 %0.98 %0.99 %
Time Deposits over $250,0000.96 %1.30 %1.70 %1.88 %2.08 %
Other Time Deposits1.09 %1.33 %1.52 %1.67 %1.74 %
Total Deposits0.25 %0.37 %0.68 %0.72 %0.73 %
    
During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the total cost of deposits continued to decrease. The Federal Reserve set the targeted short-term rates to 0.00%-0.25% in response to the economic uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Arrow is well positioned for a variety of rate environments, see Part I, Item 3, entitled "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," for further discussion.
56


Non-Deposit Sources of Funds
The Company's other sources of funds include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, overnight advances and term advances from the FHLBNY. The securities sold under agreements to repurchase are short-term in nature and are collateralized by investment securities. The term advances from the FHLBNY are fixed rate non-callable advances with original maturities of three to five years.
Arrow no longer relies on TRUPs as a source of new funds. As a result of the passage of Dodd-Frank in 2010 and its removal of Tier 1 regulatory capital treatment for TRUPs issued after Dodd-Frank's grandfathering date, the Company, like other banking organizations of Arrow's size or larger, have not issued any TRUPs since that date and are not likely to issue any TRUPs in the future. However, consistent with the grandfathering provision in Dodd-Frank, the $20 million principal amount of Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts listed on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 (i.e., previously issued TRUPs) will, subject to certain limits, continue to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital for Arrow until such TRUPs mature or are redeemed. This is further discussed under "Capital Resources" beginning on page 60 of this Report. These trust preferred securities are subject to early redemption by the Company if the proceeds cease to qualify as Tier 1 capital of Arrow for any reason, or if certain other unanticipated but negative events should occur. An example of such an event would be an adverse change in tax laws that might deny the Company the ability to deduct interest paid on these obligations for federal income tax purposes.
In the first quarter of 2020, Arrow entered into an interest rate swap agreement to synthetically fix the variable rate interest payments associated with $20 million in outstanding subordinated trust securities.
57


ASSET QUALITY
The following table presents information related to the allowance and provision for loan losses for the past five quarters.

Summary of the Allowance and Provision for Loan Losses
(Dollars in Thousands, Loans Stated Net of Unearned Income)
9/30/20206/30/20203/31/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Loan Balances:
Period-End Loans$2,592,455 $2,561,915 $2,414,193 $2,386,120 $2,335,591 
Average Loans, Year-to-Date2,498,573 2,456,272 2,394,346 2,283,707 2,258,633 
Average Loans, Quarter-to-Date2,582,253 2,518,198 2,394,346 2,358,110 2,308,879 
Period-End Assets3,777,684 3,547,177 3,291,332 3,184,275 3,112,822 
Allowance for loan losses, Year-to-Date:
Allowance for loan losses, Beginning of Period$21,187 $21,187 $21,187 $20,196 20,196 
Provision for Loan Losses, YTD8,083 5,812 2,772 2,079 1,445 
Loans Charged-off, YTD(1,360)(968)(481)(1,735)(1,232)
Recoveries of Loans Previously Charged-off536 269 159 647 522 
Net Charge-offs, YTD(824)(699)(322)(1,088)$(710)
Allowance for loan losses, End of Period$28,446 $26,300 $23,637 $21,187 $20,931 
Allowance for loan losses, Quarter-to-Date:
Allowance for loan losses, Beginning of Period$26,300 $23,637 $21,187 $20,931 $20,695 
Provision for Loan Losses, QTD2,271 3,040 2,772 634 518 
Loans Charged-off, QTD(392)(487)(481)(503)(402)
Recoveries of Loans Previously Charged-off267 110 159 125 120 
Net Charge-offs, QTD(125)(377)(322)(378)(282)
Allowance for loan losses, End of Period$28,446 $26,300 $23,637 $21,187 $20,931 
Nonperforming Assets, at Period-End:
Nonaccrual Loans$6,004 $5,461 $4,943 $4,005 $3,465 
Loans Past Due 90 or More Days
and Still Accruing Interest		121 901 437 253 1,066 
Restructured and in Compliance with
Modified Terms		157 150 136 143 150 
Total Nonperforming Loans6,282 6,512 5,516 4,401 4,681 
Repossessed Assets126 116 160 139 76 
Other Real Estate Owned— 595 782 1,122 1,198 
Total Nonperforming Assets$6,408 $7,223 $6,458 $5,662 $5,955 
Asset Quality Ratios:
Allowance to Nonperforming Loans452.82 %403.87 %428.52 %481.41 %447.15 %
Allowance to Period-End Loans1.10 %1.03 %0.98 %0.89 %0.90 %
Provision to Average Loans (Quarter) (1)
0.35 %0.49 %0.47 %0.11 %0.09 %
Provision to Average Loans (YTD) (1)
0.43 %0.48 %0.47 %0.09 %0.09 %
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans (Quarter) (1)
0.02 %0.06 %0.05 %0.06 %0.05 %
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans (YTD) (1)
0.04 %0.06 %0.05 %0.05 %0.04 %
Nonperforming Loans to Total Loans0.24 %0.25 %0.23 %0.18 %0.20 %
Nonperforming Assets to Total Assets0.17 %0.20 %0.20 %0.18 %0.19 %
  (1) Annualized

Provision for Loan Losses
Through the provision for loan losses, an allowance is maintained that reflects the Company's best estimate of probable incurred loan losses related to specifically identified impaired loans as well as the inherent risk of loss related to the remaining portfolio. Loan charge-offs are recorded to this allowance when loans are deemed uncollectible, in whole or in part. As loans become past due, consideration is given to the status of those loans and whether or not to classify them as nonaccrual loans. Any loans listed as "past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest" have been evaluated and determined to be secured and is the process of collection.
As permitted by the CARES Act, Arrow has elected to defer the adoption of the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") methodology in determining credit losses.
In the third quarter of 2020, the Company made a $2.3 million provision for loan losses, compared to a provision of $518 thousand for the third quarter of 2019 and a provision of $8.1 million for the first nine months of 2020. The significant increase in the provision for loan losses reflects the uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic despite the continued strong asset quality of Arrow. See
58

Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for a discussion on how the Company classifies credit quality indicators as well as the balance in each category.
The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.10% at September 30, 2020, an increase from 0.89% at December 31, 2019 and an increase of 20 basis points from 0.90% at September 30, 2019.
The accounting policy relating to the allowance for credit losses is considered to be a critical accounting policy, given the uncertainty involved in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, and the material effect that such judgments may have on the results of operations. The process for determining the provision for loan losses is described in Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

Risk Elements
Nonperforming assets at September 30, 2020 amounted to $6.4 million, up from the $5.7 million total at December 31, 2019 and an increase of $0.5 million, from September 30, 2019. For the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, ratios of nonperforming assets to total assets have remained below the average ratios for the peer group. (See page 41 for a discussion of the peer group.) At June 30, 2020, the ratio of loans past due 90 or more days plus nonaccrual loans plus other real estate owned to total assets was 0.20%, below the 0.48% ratio of the peer group at such date (the latest date for which peer group information is available). At September 30, 2020 the ratio was 0.17%, which is below the most recent ratio for the peer group.
The following table presents the balance of other non-current loans at period-end as to which interest income was being accrued (i.e. loans 30 to 89 days past due, as defined in bank regulatory guidelines). These non-current loans are not included in nonperforming assets, but entail heightened risk.
Loans Past Due 30-89 Days and Accruing Interest
($ in 000's)
9/30/202012/31/20199/30/2019
Commercial Loans$122 $192 $148 
Commercial Real Estate Loans85 266 30 
Residential Real Estate Loans1,224 1,960 1,000 
Consumer Loans - Primarily Indirect Automobile6,963 8,305 6,804 
   Total Loans Past Due 30-89 Days
and Accruing Interest		$8,394 $10,723 $7,982 
    
At September 30, 2020, the loans in the above-referenced category totaled $8.4 million, a decrease of $2.3 million, or 21.7%, from the $10.7 million of such loans at December 31, 2019. The September 30, 2020 total of non-current loans equaled 0.32% of loans then outstanding, compared to 0.49% at December 31, 2019 and 0.34% at September 30, 2019. The decrease from December 31, 2019 is primarily attributable to a decrease in delinquent automobile loans and residential real estate loans.
The number and dollar amount of performing loans that demonstrate characteristics of potential weakness from time-to-time (potential problem loans) typically is a very small percentage of the loan portfolio. See the table of Credit Quality Indicators in Note 3 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. The Company considers all performing commercial and commercial real estate loans classified as substandard or lower (as reported in Note 3) to be potential problem loans. The dollar amount of such loans at September 30, 2020 was $45.0 million, up from the dollar amount of such loans at December 31, 2019, when the amount was $32.4 million. These loans will continue to be closely monitored and the Company expects to collect all payments of contractual principal and interest in full on these classified loans. Total nonperforming assets at period-end increased by $453 thousand from September 30, 2019.
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically unemployment levels and the temporary mandated closure of nonessential businesses, may impact the borrowers' ability to satisfy their obligations, and may therefore result in increased delinquencies. Government interventions, on both the federal and state level, have been deployed to mitigate a significant portion of the credit risk. Arrow cannot make a determination as to the overall impact on its business of the COVID-19 pandemic at this time.
As of September 30, 2020, the Company held no property in other real estate owned. At this time, the Company does not expect to acquire a significant number of other real estate properties in the near term as a result of payment defaults or the foreclosure process.

59

Loan Deferrals Related to COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has created economic uncertainty resulting in elevated unemployment as well as the temporary closure of nonessential businesses. In the table below, loans deferred by industry sector as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented and compared to total loans by sector as of September 30, 2020. In accordance with the CARES Act, the deferrals listed below are not considered troubled debt restructurings. In 2020, Arrow originated $142.7 million of PPP loans. These loans are included in the loan balances by sector as listed below, however, these loans are not considered deferred as of September 30, 2020.
COVID-19 Deferrals by Loan Category at September 30, 2020
($ in 000's)
Balances by SectorDeferrals
Total% of Total LoansBalance% of Loan Segment% of Total Loans
Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Loans:
Lessors of Non-Residential Real Estate$141,550 5.5 %$6,809 0.8 %0.3 %
Health Care and Social Assistance126,126 4.9 %— — %— %
Lessors of Residential Real Estate107,377 4.1 %105 — %— %
Hotels and Motels105,883 4.1 %65,304 8.0 %2.5 %
Arts/Recreation/Restaurants/Vacation Camps53,268 2.1 %12,557 1.5 %0.5 %
Retail46,008 1.8 %121 — %— %
Construction & Related36,671 1.4 %— — %— %
Other200,271 7.7 %1,180 — %— %
Total Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Loans817,154 31.5 %86,076 10.5 %3.3 %
Consumer Loans849,526 32.8 %2,810 0.3 %0.1 %
Residential Real Estate Loans925,775 35.7 %11,098 1.2 %0.4 %
Total Loans$2,592,455 $99,984 3.9 %

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Regulatory Capital Standards

Capital Adequacy Requirements. An important area of banking regulation is the federal banking system's promulgation and enforcement of minimum capitalization standards for banks and bank holding companies.
As reported in the Regulatory Reform section above, the federal bank regulators have issued a final rule to implement the Community Bank Leverage Ratio ("CBLR"), introducing an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banks that satisfy certain requirements, including having a leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance-sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities.  A qualifying community bank that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the CBLR framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the “prompt corrective action” regulations and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based capital ratios.  The CBLR is calculated as the ratio of “tier 1 capital” divided by “average total consolidated assets.”  This final rule was effective as of January 1, 2020, and qualifying community banks can utilize the CBLR framework for purposes of filing their call reports or Form FR Y-9C, as applicable, for the first quarter of 2020 (i.e., as of March 31, 2020). Arrow elected to opt out of utilizing the CBLR framework. The Capital Rules promulgated under Dodd-Frank will remain applicable to Arrow.

The following is a summary of certain definitions of capital under the various capital measures in the Dodd-Frank Capital Rules:

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1): Equals the sum of common stock instruments and related surplus (net of treasury stock), retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), and qualifying minority interests, minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Such deductions will include AOCI, if the organization has exercised its irrevocable option not to include AOCI in capital (the Company made such an election). Mortgage-servicing assets, deferred tax assets, and investments in financial institutions are limited to 15 percent of CET1 in the aggregate and 10 percent of CET1 for each such item individually.
Additional Tier 1 Capital: Equals the sum of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, tier 1 minority interests, grandfathered TRUPs, and Troubled Asset Relief Program instruments, minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.
Tier 2 Capital: Equals the sum of subordinated debt and preferred stock, total capital minority interests not included in Tier 1, and allowance for loan and lease losses (not exceeding 1.25% of risk-weighted assets) minus applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.
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The following table presents the minimum regulatory capital ratios applicable to the holding company and banks under the current Capital Rules:
Capital Ratio2020
Minimum CET1 Ratio4.500 %
Capital Conservation Buffer ("Buffer")2.500 %
Minimum CET1 Ratio Plus Buffer7.000 %
Minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio6.000 %
Minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Plus Buffer8.500 %
Minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio8.000 %
Minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Plus Buffer10.500 %
Minimum Leverage Ratio4.000 %

These minimum capital ratios, especially the CET1 ratio (4.5%) and the enhanced Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (6.0%), represent a heightened and more restrictive capital regime than institutions like Arrow previously had to meet under the prior capital rules.
At September 30, 2020, Arrow's holding company and both of its subsidiary banks exceeded by a substantial amount each of the applicable minimum capital ratios established under the Capital Rules, including the minimum CET1 Ratio, the minimum Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, the minimum Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, and the minimum Leverage Ratio, including in the case of each risk-based ratio, the capital buffer.

Prompt Corrective Action Capital Classifications. Under applicable banking law, federal banking regulators are required to take prompt corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not meet certain minimum capital requirements.  For these purposes, the regulators have established five capital classifications for banking institutions, ranging from the highest category of "well-capitalized" to the lowest category of "critically under-capitalized". Under the current capital classifications, a banking institution is considered "well-capitalized" if it meets the following capitalization standards on the date of measurement: a CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.50% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.00% or greater, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.00% or greater, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.00% or greater, provided the institution is not subject to any regulatory order or written directive regarding capital maintenance. Federal banking law also ties the ability of banking organizations to engage in certain types of activities and to utilize certain procedures to such organizations' continuing to qualify for inclusion in one of the two highest rankings of these capitalization categories, i.e., as "well-capitalized" or "adequately capitalized."

Current Capital Ratios: The table below sets forth the regulatory capital ratios of Arrow's holding company and two subsidiary banks, Glens Falls National and Saratoga National, under the current Capital Rules, as of September 30, 2020:

CommonTier 1Total
EquityRisk-BasedRisk-BasedTier 1
Tier 1 CapitalCapitalCapitalLeverage
RatioRatioRatioRatio
Arrow Financial Corporation13.20 %14.06 %15.28 %9.17 %
Glens Falls National Bank & Trust Co.13.98 %13.98 %15.21 %8.82 %
Saratoga National Bank & Trust Co.12.29 %12.29 %13.51 %8.63 %
FDICIA's Prompt Corrective Action - "Well-Capitalized" Standard (2019)6.50 %8.00 %10.00 %5.00 %
Regulatory Minimum effective 1/1/2019
7.000%(1)
8.500%(1)
10.500%(1)
4.00 %
(1) Including the fully phased-in 2.50% capital conservation buffer

At September 30, 2020, Arrow and its subsidiary banks exceeded the minimum regulatory capital ratios established under the current Capital Rules and each also qualified as "well-capitalized", the highest category in the new capital classification scheme established by federal bank regulatory agencies under the "prompt corrective action" standards, as described above.

Capital Components; Stock Repurchases; Dividends
Stockholders' Equity: Stockholders’ equity was $325.7 million at September 30, 2020, an increase of $23.9 million, or 7.9%, from the December 31, 2019 level of $301.7 million, and an increase of $33.4 million, or 11.4%, from the prior-year level. The increase in stockholders' equity over the first nine months of 2020 principally reflected the following factors: (i) $28.3 million of net income for the
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period, plus (ii) other comprehensive income of $6.1 million, plus (iii) issuance of $2.8 million of common stock through employee benefit and dividend reinvestment plans; reduced by (iv) cash dividends of $11.7 million; and (v) repurchases of common stock of $1.6 million under the Board-approved stock repurchase program described below.

Trust Preferred Securities: In each of 2003 and 2004, the Company issued $10 million of trust preferred securities (TRUPs) in a private placement. Under the Federal Reserve Board's regulatory capital rules then in effect, TRUPs proceeds typically qualified as Tier 1 capital for bank holding companies such as Arrow, but only in amounts up to 25% of Tier 1 capital, net of goodwill less any associated deferred tax liability. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, any trust preferred securities that Arrow might issue on or after the grandfathering date set forth in Dodd-Frank (May 19, 2010) would not qualify as Tier 1 capital under bank regulatory capital guidelines. For Arrow, TRUPs outstanding prior to the grandfathering cutoff date set forth in Dodd-Frank (May 19, 2010) would continue to qualify as Tier 1 capital until maturity or redemption, subject to limitations. Thus, Arrow's outstanding TRUPs continue to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital, subject to such limitations.
In the first quarter of 2020, Arrow entered into an interest rate swap agreement to synthetically fix the variable rate interest payments associated with $20 million in outstanding subordinated trust securities. The effective fixed rate is 3.43% until maturity. These agreements are designated as cash flow hedges.

Stock Repurchase Program: In October 2019, the Board of Directors approved a $5.0 million stock repurchase program, effective January 1, 2020 (the 2020 Repurchase Program), under which management is authorized, in its discretion, to permit the Company to repurchase up to $5 million of shares of Arrow's common stock during 2020, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, to the extent management believes the Company's stock is reasonably priced and such repurchases appear to be an attractive use of available capital and in the best interests of shareholders. This 2020 Repurchase Program replaced a similar repurchase program which was in effect during 2019 (the 2019 program), which also authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of shares of Arrow's common stock. As of September 30, 2020 approximately $1.5 million had been used under the 2020 Repurchase Program to repurchase Arrow shares. No stock repurchases have occurred in the third quarter. This total does not include repurchases of Arrow's Common Stock other than through its 2020 Repurchase Program, i.e., repurchases of Arrow shares on the market utilizing funds accumulated under Arrow's Dividend Reinvestment Plan and the surrender or deemed surrender of Arrow stock to the Company in connection with employees' stock-for-stock exercises of compensatory stock options to buy Arrow stock.

Dividends: The Company's common stock is traded on NasdaqGS® under the symbol AROW. The high and low stock prices for the past seven quarters listed below represent actual sales transactions, as reported by NASDAQ. On October 28, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a 2020 fourth quarter cash dividend of $0.26 payable on December 15, 2020. Per share amounts and share counts in the following tables have been restated for the September 25, 2020 3% stock dividend.
Cash
Market PriceDividends
LowHighDeclared
2019
First Quarter$28.71 $34.17 $0.245 
Second Quarter30.05 32.94 0.245 
Third Quarter29.38 34.28 0.245 
Fourth Quarter31.09 37.19 0.252 
2020
First Quarter$20.18 $36.93 $0.252 
Second Quarter 22.87 30.76 0.252 
Third Quarter 24.58 29.13 0.252 
Fourth Quarter (dividend payable December 15, 2020)TBDTBD
Quarter Ended September 30
20202019
Cash Dividends Per Share$0.252 $0.245 
Diluted Earnings Per Share0.71 0.65 
Dividend Payout Ratio35.49 %37.69 %
Total Equity (in thousands)325,660 $292,228 
Shares Issued and Outstanding (in thousands)15,489 15,418 
Book Value Per Share$21.03 $18.95 
Intangible Assets (in thousands)23,662 23,586 
Tangible Book Value Per Share$19.50 $17.42 

LIQUIDITY
The objective of effective liquidity management is to ensure that the Company has the ability to raise cash when needed at a reasonable cost.  This includes the capability of meeting expected and unexpected obligations to the Company's customers at any time. Given the uncertain nature of customer demands and the need to maximize earnings, the Company must have available reasonably priced sources of funds, both on- and off-balance sheet, that can be accessed quickly in time of need. With the COVID-19 pandemic, liquidity management is critical for Arrow. Arrow’s liquidity position provides the necessary flexibility to address any unexpected near-
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term disruptions that may develop as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic such as: reduced cash-flows from the investment and loan portfolios and aggressive funding of programs associated with response efforts. 
Arrow's primary sources of available liquidity are overnight investments in federal funds sold, interest bearing bank balances at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and cash flow from investment securities and loans.  Certain investment securities are selected at purchase as available-for-sale based on their marketability and collateral value, as well as their yield and maturity.  The securities available-for-sale portfolio was $374.9 million at September 30, 2020, an increase of $17.6 million, from the year-end 2019 level. Due to the potential for volatility in market values, Arrow may not always be able to sell securities on short notice at their carrying value, even to provide needed liquidity. Arrow also held interest-bearing cash balances at September 30, 2020 of $396.4 million compared to $23.2 million at December 31, 2019.
In addition to liquidity from cash, short-term investments, investment securities and loans, the Company has supplemented available operating liquidity with additional off-balance sheet sources such as a federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks and credit lines with the FHLBNY. The federal funds lines of credit are with two correspondent banks totaling $52 million which were not drawn on during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
To support the borrowing relationship with the FHLBNY, the Company has pledged collateral, including residential mortgage, home equity and commercial real estate loans. At September 30, 2020, the Company had outstanding collateral obligations with the FHLBNY of $120 million; as of that date, the unused borrowing capacity at the FHLBNY was approximately $720 million. Brokered deposits have also been identified as an available source of funding accessible in a relatively short time period. At September 30, 2020, the balance of outstanding brokered deposits totaled $74.5 million. Also, Arrow's two bank subsidiaries have each established a borrowing facility with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, pledging certain consumer loans as collateral for potential "discount window" advances, which are maintained for contingency liquidity purposes. At September 30, 2020, the amount available under these facilities was approximately $604 million in the aggregate, and there were no advances then outstanding.
Arrow performs regular liquidity stress tests and tests of the contingent liquidity plan to ensure that an adequate amount of available funds can be generated to meet a wide variety of potential liquidity crises including the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Arrow measures and monitors basic liquidity as a ratio of liquid assets to total short-term liabilities, both with and without the availability of borrowing arrangements. Based on the level of overnight funds investments, available liquidity from the investment securities portfolio, cash flows from the loan portfolio, the stable core deposit base and the significant borrowing capacity, the Company believes that the available liquidity is sufficient to meet all funding needs that may arise in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic or any other reasonably likely events or occurrences, although there can be no assurance that it will be sufficient. At September 30, 2020, the basic liquidity ratio, including the FHLBNY collateralized borrowing capacity, was 29.3% of total assets, or $956 million in excess of the internally-set minimum target ratio of 4%.
Arrow did not experience any significant liquidity constraints in the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 and did not experience any such constraints in recent prior years. Arrow has not at any time during such period been forced to pay above-market rates to obtain retail deposits or other funds from any source.

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RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The following accounting standards have been issued and become effective for the Company at a future date:
    
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" ("CECL") which will change the way financial entities measure expected credit losses for financial assets, primarily loans. Under this ASU, the "incurred loss" model will be replaced with an "expected loss" model which will recognize losses over the life of the instrument and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information. Currently, credit losses on available-for-sale securities reduce the carrying value of the instrument and cannot be reversed. Under CECL, the amount of the credit loss is carried as a valuation allowance and can be reversed. The standard also requires expanded credit quality disclosures. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04 "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses; Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging; and Topic 825, Financial Instruments," which clarifies that the estimate of expected credit losses should include expected recoveries of financial assets, and that contractual extension or renewal options that are not unconditionally cancellable by the lender are considered when determining the contractual term over which expected credit losses are measured. The Company's loan terms for contractual extensions and renewal options are unconditionally cancellable by the Company (that is, the Company has no obligation to extend or renew existing loans), and therefore are not considered in measuring expected credit losses. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05 "Targeted Transition Relief," which allows entities to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets measured at amortized cost, not including held-to-maturity investment securities which will continue to be measured at amortized cost. This will apply to those institutions that elect the fair value option on newly originated or purchased financial assets, to avoid the possibility of dual measurement methodologies for identical or similar financial assets.
As permitted by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, Arrow has elected to defer the adoption of the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") methodology in determining credit losses. The initial adjustment will not be reported in earnings, but as the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and the adoption will require additional disclosures in future periods. The Company has held CECL working group meetings that included individuals from various functional areas relevant to the implementation of CECL. The Company's CECL working group has developed accounting policies for credit losses including, among other things, management’s decisions regarding portfolio segmentation, life of loan considerations, and a reasonable and supportable forecasting methodology. The CECL pronouncement describes several acceptable methodologies for calculating expected losses on a loan or a pool of loans. The Company has identified the discounted cash flow method for determining losses for the commercial loan portfolios and the residential real estate portfolios, and the vintage method for the consumer indirect loan portfolio. As a result of analyses performed, including the availability of future economic data, the Company will utilize an 18-month reasonable and supportable forecast period, and revert to an historic loss rate using the straight-line method over a two year reversion period. The Company has identified the economic data that it believes best correlate with expected loan losses through the use of various regression analyses of historical economic information and loan losses. The adoption of this standard will change the way qualitative factors are determined as compared to the current incurred loss allowance for loan losses model.
The Company has performed parallel CECL reserve calculations as of December 31, 2019, March 31, 2020, June 30, 2020, and September 30, 2020. The Company has also developed a control framework and continues to monitor updates to financial reporting requirements and regulatory guidance, and evaluates the impact on the consolidated financial statements, disclosures, processes and internal controls.
Based on the December 31, 2019 parallel run, review of the portfolio, including the composition, characteristics and quality of the underlying loans, and the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts as of the adoption date, the Company believes the adjustment to retained earnings related to the initial adoption of CECL will result in an immaterial impact. Assuming the CECL reserve for credit losses was recorded, Arrow would still remain a well-capitalized financial institution. Regulators have developed two deferral options related to the adoption of CECL and the resulting computation of regulatory capital ratios. The initial deferral method, the 2019 CECL Rule, allows a financial institution to elect a three year deferral of the initial CECL adoption amount for the computation of regulatory capital. An additional deferral method, the Interim Final Rule, allows a financial institution that implements CECL before the end of 2020, the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL's effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three year transition period. Arrow is in the process of evaluating these deferral methods.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 "Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans" which applies to all companies that provide defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans for their employees. Certain disclosure requirements have been eliminated such as reporting the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next year, and reporting the effects of a one-percentage-point change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate on the aggregate of the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost and on the benefit obligation for postretirement healthcare benefits. New required disclosures for reporting the weighted-average interest rate used to credit cash balance and similar plans that have a promised interest credit, the reasons for significant gains and losses affecting benefit obligations and other requirements for reporting aggregate information related to pension plans. For Arrow, the standard becomes effective at December 31, 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this change affecting defined benefit plan disclosures will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 "Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes" (Topic 740), which removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Arrow will adopt this standard effective on January 1, 2021. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its financial position or the results of operations in periods subsequent to its adoption.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared With
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Summary of Earnings Performance
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Net Income$11,046 $10,067 $979 9.7 %
Diluted Earnings Per Share0.71 0.65 0.06 9.2 %
Return on Average Assets1.23 %1.32 %(0.09)%(6.8)%
Return on Average Equity13.55 %13.82 %(0.27)%(2.0)%
    
Net income was $11.0 million and diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $.71 for the third quarter of 2020, compared to net income of $10.1 million and diluted EPS of $.65 for the third quarter of 2019. Return on average assets (ROA) for the third quarter of 2020 was 1.23%, down from 1.32% in the third quarter of 2019. In addition, return on average equity (ROE) decreased to 13.55% for the third quarter of 2020, down from 13.82% in the third quarter of 2019.
        
The following narrative discusses the quarter-to-quarter changes in net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.

Net Interest Income
Summary of Net Interest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Interest and Dividend Income$27,296 $27,952 $(656)(2.3)%
Interest Expense2,396 5,649 (3,253)(57.6)%
Net Interest Income24,900 22,303 2,597 11.6 %
Average Earning Assets(1)
3,417,638 2,881,035 536,603 18.6 %
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities2,545,435 2,213,642 331,793 15.0 %
Yield on Earning Assets(1)
3.18 %3.85 %(0.67)(17.4)%
Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities0.37 1.01 (0.64)(63.4)
Net Interest Spread2.81 2.84 (0.03)(1.1)
Net Interest Margin2.90 3.07 (0.17)(5.5)
(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans.

Net interest income for the recently completed quarter increased by $2.6 million, or 11.6%, from the third quarter of 2019, due to a variety of factors including; balance sheet growth, lower market rates, and a more favorable funding mix, with higher deposit balances and lower wholesale borrowings. Total loans increased $30.5 million in the third quarter of 2020. At September 30, 2020, deposit balances reached $3.3 billion, up $650.3 million, or 24.9%, from the prior-year level. Deposit growth for the third quarter of 2020 was $196.1 million. Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 21.1% of total deposits at September 30, 2020, compared to 19.8% of total deposits on September 30, 2019. Net interest margin decreased 17 basis points in the third quarter of 2020 to 2.90%, from 3.07% during the third quarter of 2019. Average earning asset yields were 67 basis points lower as compared to the third quarter of 2019 due primarily to the increased cash balances and the impact of participating in the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program loans. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 64 basis points from the quarter ended September 30, 2019. The Company defines net interest margin as net interest income divided by average earning assets, annualized. Further detailed information is presented above under the section entitled "Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis." The impact of recent interest rate changes on Arrow's deposit and loan portfolios are discussed above in this Report under the sections entitled "Deposit Trends" and "Loan Trends."
As discussed previously under the heading "Asset Quality" beginning on page 58, the provision for loan losses for the third quarter of 2020 was $2.3 million, compared to a provision of $518 thousand for the third quarter of 2019.

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Noninterest Income
Summary of Noninterest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Income From Fiduciary Activities$2,265 $2,212 $53 2.4 %
Fees for Other Services to Customers2,619 2,623 (4)(0.2)%
Insurance Commissions1,713 1,936 (223)(11.5)%
Net (Loss) Gain on Securities Transactions(72)146 (218)(149.3)%
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans1,433 257 1,176 457.6 %
Other Operating Income739 517 222 42.9 %
Total Noninterest Income$8,697 $7,691 $1,006 13.1 %
    
Total noninterest income in the current quarter was $8.7 million, an increase of $1.0 million from the comparable quarter of 2019. Income from fiduciary activities for the third quarter of 2020 increased by 2.4% from the third quarter of 2019. Fees for other services to customers were $2.6 million for the third quarter of 2020. Insurance commissions decreased to $1.7 million for the third quarter of 2020 compared to $1.9 million for the third quarter of 2019, due primarily to a decline in the employee benefits sector of the business. Net loss on security transactions of $72 thousand for the first quarter of 2020 was the result in the decrease in the fair value of equity securities. Net gain on the sale of loans in the third quarter of 2020 increased by $1.2 million from the third quarter of 2019. The change was a result of favorable market conditions leading to an increase in loan sale volume. See page 51 for the discussion of loan sales. Other operating income increased $222 thousand from the comparable quarter in 2019, primarily the result of the disposal of fixed asset charges which occurred in the third quarter of 2019.

Noninterest Expense
Summary of Noninterest Expense
(Dollars in Thousands)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Salaries and Employee Benefits$10,408 10,015 $393 3.9 %
Occupancy Expense of Premises, Net1,427 1,324 103 7.8 %
Technology and Equipment Expense3,228 3,305 (77)(2.3)%
FDIC and FICO Assessments309 (480)789 (164.4)%
Amortization56 61 (5)(8.2)%
Other Operating Expense2,059 2,566 (507)(19.8)%
Total Noninterest Expense$17,487 $16,791 $696 4.1 %
Efficiency Ratio51.34 %55.41 %(4.07)(7.3)%
    
Noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2020 was $17.5 million, an increase of $0.7 million, or 4.1%, from the third quarter of 2019. Salaries and benefit expenses increased $0.4 million, or 3.9%, from the comparable quarter in 2019. In the third quarter, both the Saratoga National Bank Latham branch and the Capital Region Business Development office opened which increased occupancy expenses for the quarter. FDIC Small Bank Assessment Credits were recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
The efficiency ratio continues to be solid at 51.34% for the third quarter of 2020 and 55.41% for the comparable 2019 quarter. The efficiency ratio (a ratio where lower is better), is a commonly used non-GAAP financial measure in the banking industry that purports to reflect an institution's operating efficiency. The Company calculates the efficiency ratio as the ratio of noninterest expense (excluding, under the Company's definition, intangible asset amortization) to (i) net interest income (on a tax-equivalent basis) plus (ii) noninterest income (excluding net securities gains or losses). See the discussion on this non-GAAP measure on page 42 of this Report under the heading "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and the related tabular information and notes on pages 43 through 46 of this Report. The efficiency ratio included by the Federal Reserve Board in its "Bank Holding Company Performance Reports" excludes net securities gains or losses from the denominator (as does the Company's calculation), but unlike the Company's ratio does not exclude intangible asset amortization from the numerator. The Company's efficiency ratios in recent periods have generally compared favorably to the ratios of the peer group as disclosed in the Federal Reserve Performance Reports (see page 41 for a discussion of the peer group). For the three month period ended June 30, 2020 (the most recent reporting period for which peer group information is available), the peer group's efficiency ratio was 60.15% compared to the Company's ratio of 53.06% (not adjusted for the definitional difference).
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Income Taxes
Summary of Income Taxes
(Dollars in Thousands)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Provision for Income Taxes$2,793 $2,618 $175 6.7 %
Effective Tax Rate20.2 %20.6 %(0.4)(1.9)%

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared With
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Summary of Earnings Performance
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Net Income$28,332 $27,735 $597 2.2 %
Diluted Earnings Per Share1.83 1.80 0.03 1.7 
Return on Average Assets1.11 %1.24 %(0.13)%(10.5)
Return on Average Equity11.99 %13.21 %(1.22)%(9.2)
    
Net income was $28.3 million and diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $1.83 for the first nine months of 2020, compared to net income of $27.7 million and diluted EPS of $1.80 for the first nine months of 2019. Return on average assets (ROA) for the first nine months of 2020 was 1.11%, a decrease from 1.24% for the first nine months of 2019. In addition, return on average equity (ROE) decreased to 11.99% for the first nine months of 2020 from 13.21% for the first nine months of 2019.
    
The following narrative discusses the period-to-period changes in net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.

Net Interest Income
Summary of Net Interest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Interest and Dividend Income$83,524 $81,392 $2,132 2.6 %
Interest Expense10,776 16,261 (5,485)(33.7)%
Net Interest Income72,748 65,131 7,617 11.7 %
Average Earning Assets (1)
3,243,886 2,864,816 379,070 13.2 %
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities2,455,544 2,224,463 231,081 10.4 %
Yield on Earning Assets (1)
3.44 %3.80 %(0.36)%(9.5)%
Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities0.59 0.98 (0.39)%(39.8)%
Net Interest Spread2.85 2.82 0.03 %1.1 %
Net Interest Margin3.00 3.04 (0.04)%(1.3)%
(1) Includes Nonaccrual Loans
Net interest income, for the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 increased by $7.6 million or 11.7%, over the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, net interest margin decreased to 3.00% from 3.04% for the comparable period of 2019. The yield on earning assets decreased to 3.44% from 3.80% for the comparable prior period. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased to 0.59% from 0.98% for the comparable prior period due largely to the balance sheet growth, lower market rates, and a more favorable funding mix, with higher deposit balances and lower wholesale borrowings in the current year. Arrow defines net interest margin as net interest income divided by average earning assets, annualized. Further detailed information is presented above under the section entitled "Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis." The impact of recent interest rate changes on Arrow's deposit and loan portfolios are discussed above in this Report under the sections entitled "Deposit Trends" and "Loan Trends."
As discussed previously under the heading "Asset Quality" beginning on page 58, the provision for loan losses for the first nine months of 2020 was $8.1 million, compared to a provision of $1.4 million for the 2019 period.

68

Noninterest Income
Summary of Noninterest Income
(Dollars in Thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Income From Fiduciary Activities6,613 6,571 $42 0.6 %
Fees for Other Services to Customers7,348 7,570 (222)(2.9)
Insurance Commissions5,077 5,590 (513)(9.2)
Net (Loss) Gain on Securities(552)222 (774)(348.6)
Net Gain on the Sale of Loans2,193 501 1,692 337.7 
Other Operating Income2,876 1,020 1,856 182.0 
Total Noninterest Income$23,555 $21,474 $2,081 9.7 %
    
Total noninterest income in the first nine months of 2020 was $23.6 million, an increase of $2.1 million, or 9.7%, from total noninterest income of $21.5 million for the first nine months of 2019. Fees for other services to customers, the largest segment of noninterest income, were $7.3 million. Income from fiduciary activities for the first nine months of 2020 was consistent with 2019. Insurance commissions declined 9.2% to $5.1 million for the first nine months of 2020, compared to $5.6 million in the first nine months of 2019, due primarily to the increased competition in the employee benefits sectors of the business. Net loss on securities were $552 thousand in the first nine months of 2020 compared to a net gain of $222 thousand for the first nine months of 2019. This was the result of a decrease in the fair value of equity securities. Net gain on the sale of loans in the first nine months of 2020 increased by $1.7 million, or 337.7% from the first nine months of 2019. The change was a result of favorable market conditions leading to an increase in loan sale volume. See page 51 for the discussion of loan sales. Other operating income was $2.9 million, an increase of 182.0% from the comparative nine month period of 2019. The increase is primarily the result of the following: $857 thousand increase of fees received as part of interest rate swap agreements in 2020, loss on the disposal of fixed assets that occurred in 2019, gain on the sale of other real estate owned in 2020 and loss on the sale of other real estate owned in 2019.

Noninterest Expense
Summary of Noninterest Expense
(Dollars in Thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Salaries and Employee Benefits$31,003 $29,061 $1,942 6.7 %
Occupancy Expense of Premises, Net4,221 4,023 198 4.9 
Technology and Equipment Expense9,807 9,689 118 1.2 
FDIC and FICO Assessments770 (56)826 (1,475.0)
Amortization171 184 (13)(7.1)
Other Operating Expense6,514 7,450 (936)(12.6)
Total Noninterest Expense$52,486 $50,351 $2,135 4.2 
Efficiency Ratio53.54 %57.35 %(3.81)(6.6)
    
Noninterest expense for the first nine months of 2020 was $52.5 million, an increase of $2.1 million, or 4.2%, from the expense for the first nine months of 2019. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased 6.7% in the first nine months of 2020 over the 2019 period. In the third quarter, both the Saratoga National Bank Latham branch and the Capital Region Business Development office opened which increased occupancy expenses on the year. Technology and Equipment Expense were flat as compared to the 2019 period. FDIC Small Bank Assessment Credits were recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
The Company's efficiency ratio was 53.54% for the first nine months of 2020 and 57.35% for the comparable 2019 period. This ratio (a ratio where lower is better), is a commonly used non-GAAP financial measure in the banking industry that purports to reflect operating efficiency. The Company calculates the efficiency ratio as the ratio of noninterest expense (excluding, under the Company's definition, intangible asset amortization) to (i) net interest income (on a tax-equivalent basis) plus (ii) noninterest income (excluding net securities gains or losses). See the discussion on this non-GAAP measure on page 42 of this Report under the heading "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and the related tabular information and notes on pages 43 through 46 of this Report.


69

Income Taxes
Summary of Income Taxes
(Dollars in Thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019Change% Change
Provision for Income Taxes$7,402 $7,074 $328 4.6 %
Effective Tax Rate20.7 %20.3 %0.4 2.0 

The increase in the effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2020 over the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to the reduction of tax exempt investments held and the related investment income combined with the reduced tax benefit related to stock based compensation.

70

Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In addition to credit risk in the loan portfolio and liquidity risk, discussed earlier, the Company's business activities also generate market risk.  Market risk is the possibility that changes in future market rates (interest rates) or prices (market value of financial instruments) will make the Company's position (i.e., assets and operations) less valuable.  The Company's primary market risk is interest rate volatility. The ongoing monitoring and management of interest rate risk is an important component of the asset/liability management process, which is governed by policies that are reviewed and approved annually by the Board of Directors.  The Board of Directors delegates responsibility for carrying out asset/liability oversight and control to management's Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO").  In this capacity ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting the asset/liability profile based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends.  
Changes in market interest rates, whether increases or decreases, can trigger repricing and changes in the pace of payments for both assets and liabilities (prepayment risk). This may individually or in combination affect net interest income, net interest margin, and ultimately net income, either positively or negatively. ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify this interest rate risk by projecting net interest income in various interest rate scenarios.  
The Company's standard simulation model applies a parallel shift in interest rates, ramped over a 12-month period, to capture the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income.  The results are compared to ALCO policy limits which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth and a 200 basis point upward and a 100 basis point downward shift in interest rates. Additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk, including periodic stress testing involving hypothetical sudden and significant interest rate spikes, are also evaluated.
The following table summarizes the percentage change in net interest income as compared to the base scenario, which assumes no change in market interest rates as generated from the standard simulation model. The results are presented for each of the first two years of the simulation period for the 200 basis point increase in interest rate scenario and the 100 basis point decrease in interest rate scenario.
As of September 30, 2020:
Change in Interest Rate
+ 200 basis points- 100 basis points
Calculated change in Net Interest Income - Year 1(0.46)%(0.87)%
Calculated change in Net Interest Income - Year 20.57%(12.07)%

Historically, there has existed an inverse relationship between changes in prevailing rates and the Company's net interest income, suggesting that liabilities and sources of funds generally reprice more quickly than earning assets (near-term liability sensitivity). However, when net interest income is simulated over a longer time frame, this exposure is limited, and actually reverses, as asset yields continue to reprice while the cost of funding reaches assumed ceilings or floors (long-term asset sensitivity).
The hypothetical estimates underlying the sensitivity analysis are based upon numerous assumptions, including: the nature and timing of changes in interest rates including yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows, and others.  While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, the Company cannot make any assurance as to the predictive nature of these assumptions including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Also, as market conditions vary from those assumed in the sensitivity analysis, actual results will differ due to: prepayment/refinancing levels likely deviating from those assumed, the varying impact of interest rate changes on caps or floors on adjustable rate assets, the potential effect of changing debt service levels on customers with adjustable rate loans, depositor early withdrawals and product preference changes, unanticipated shifts in the yield curve and other internal/external variables.  Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis does not reflect actions that ALCO might take in responding to or anticipating changes in interest rates. The COVID-19 pandemic may impact markets, rates, behavior and other estimates used in the above scenarios.

Item 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of Arrow's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2020. Based upon that evaluation, senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Further, there were no changes made in the Company's internal control over financial reporting, including but not limited to changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that had materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
71


PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
On an ongoing basis, the Company, including its subsidiary banks, is often the subject of, or a party to, various legal claims by other parties against the Company, by the Company against other parties, or involving the Company, which arise in the normal course of business. The various pending legal claims against the Company will not, in the opinion of management based upon consultation with counsel, result in any material liability.
Item 1.A.
Risk Factors
The Risk Factors identified in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as supplemented by the risk factor included in Item 8.01 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 24, 2020, continue to represent the most significant risks to the Company's future results of operations and financial conditions, without further modification or amendment.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information about purchases by Arrow during the three months ended September 30, 2020 of common stock (our only class of equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934):
Third Quarter
2020
Calendar Month
(A)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased 1
(B)
Average Price
Paid Per Share 1
(C)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or Programs 2
(D)
Maximum
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that
May Yet be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs 2
July971 $27.48 — $3,493,345 
August1,597 28.00 — 3,493,345 
September19,811 26.94 — 3,493,345 
   Total22,379 27.04 — 
1 The total number of shares purchased by the Company and the average price paid per share listed in columns (A) and (B) consist of (i) any shares purchased in such periods in open market or private transactions under the Arrow Financial Corporation Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the "DRIP") by the administrator of the DRIP, (ii) shares surrendered or deemed surrendered to Arrow in such periods by holders of options to acquire Arrow common stock received by them under Arrow's long-term incentive plans in connection with their stock-for-stock exercise of such options and (iii) shares purchased under the publicly-announced 2020 Repurchase Program. In the months indicated, the listed number of shares purchased included the following number of shares purchased by Arrow through such methods: July - DRIP purchases (971 shares); August - DRIP purchases (1,597 shares); and September - DRIP purchases (17,508 shares), stock-for-stock option exercises (2,303 shares).
2 Includes only those shares acquired by Arrow pursuant to its publicly-announced stock repurchase programs. Our only publicly-announced stock repurchase program in effect for the third quarter of 2020 was the 2020 Repurchase Program approved by the Board of Directors and announced in October 2019, under which the Board authorized management, in its discretion, to repurchase from time to time during calendar year 2020, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, up to $5 million of Arrow common stock subject to certain exceptions.
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities - None
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures - None
72

Item 5.
Other Information - None
Item 6.
Exhibits
Exhibit NumberExhibit
3.(i)
3.(ii)
15
31.1
31.2
32
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

    












73


SIGNATURES
    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
ARROW FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Registrant
November 5, 2020/s/Thomas J. Murphy
DateThomas J. Murphy
President and Chief Executive Officer
November 5, 2020/s/Edward J. Campanella
DateEdward J. Campanella
Senior Vice President, Treasurer and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)


74

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