Companies: 10,761     total market cap: A$190.870 T
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Banc of California
BANC
#4176
Rank
A$3.84 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
A$24.90
Share price
0.86%
Change (1 day)
11.01%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. Banc of California
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2019 Q3

Banc of California - 10-Q quarterly report FY2019 Q3


Text size:
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number 001-35522
 
BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Maryland
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
04-3639825
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
3 MacArthur Place, Santa Ana, California
(Address of principal executive offices)
92707
(Zip Code)
(855) 361-2262
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
☒
 
Accelerated filer
 
☐
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
☐ 
 
Smaller reporting company
 
☐
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)  Yes ☐ No ☒


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
BANC
 
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 7.375% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D
 
BANC PRD
 
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 7.00% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E
 
BANC PRE
 
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.
As of November 5, 2019, the registrant had outstanding 50,406,683 shares of voting common stock and 477,321 shares of Class B non-voting common stock.


BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT
September 30, 2019
Table of Contents
 
 
Page
 
 
Part I – Financial Information
4
 
 
 
Item 1 –
Financial Statements
4
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
4
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations
5
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income
6
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
7
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
8
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9
 
 
 
Item 2 –
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
48
 
 
 
Item 3 –
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
78
 
 
 
Item 4 –
Controls and Procedures
79
 
 
Part II – Other Information
80
 
 
 
Item 1 –
Legal Proceedings
80
 
 
 
Item 1A –
Risk Factors
80
 
 
 
Item 2 –
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
81
 
 
 
Item 3 –
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
81
 
 
 
Item 4 –
Mine Safety Disclosures
81
 
 
 
Item 5 –
Other Information
81
 
 
 
Item 6 –
Exhibits
82
 
 
Signatures
83


2

Forward-Looking Statements
When used in this report and in public stockholder communications, in other documents of Banc of California, Inc. (the Company, we, us and our) filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), or in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, the words or phrases “believe,” “will,” “should,” “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimate,” “project,” “plans,” “guidance” or similar expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. These statements may relate to our future financial performance, strategic plans or objectives, revenue, expense or earnings projections, or other financial items of Banc of California Inc. and its affiliates (the "Company", "we", "us" or "our"). By their nature, these statements are subject to numerous uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the statements.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated or projected include, but are not limited to, the following:
i.
an ongoing investigation by the SEC as well as any related litigation or other litigation may result in adverse findings, reputational damage, the imposition of sanctions, increased costs, the diversion of management time and resources, and other negative consequences;
ii.
the costs and effects of litigation generally, including legal fees and other expenses, settlements and judgments;
iii.
the risk that our performance may be adversely affected by the CEO transition we have recently undergone;
iv.
the risk that the benefits we realize from exiting the third party mortgage origination and brokered single-family residential lending business will be less than anticipated and that the costs we incur from exiting that business will be greater than anticipated;
v.
the risk that we will not be successful in the implementation of our capital utilization strategy and our other strategies for transitioning to a traditional community bank;
vi.
risks that any merger and acquisition transactions of the Company may disrupt current plans and operations and lead to difficulties in customer and employee retention, risks that the costs, fees, expenses and charges related to these transactions could be significantly higher than anticipated and risks that the expected revenues, cost savings, synergies and other benefits of these transactions might not be realized to the extent anticipated, within the anticipated timetables, or at all;
vii.
the credit risks of lending activities, which may be affected by deterioration in real estate markets and the financial condition of borrowers, and the operational risk of lending activities, including but not limited to the effectiveness of our underwriting practices and the risk of fraud, any of which credit and operational risks may lead to increased loan and lease delinquencies, losses and nonperforming assets in our loan and lease portfolio, and may result in our allowance for loan losses not being adequate to cover actual losses and require us to materially increase our loan and lease loss reserves;
viii.
the transition to a new accounting standard adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss, which will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans, and provide for the expected credit losses as allowances for loan losses;
ix.
the quality and composition of our securities portfolio;
x.
changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, or changes in financial markets;
xi.
continuation of or changes in the short-term interest rate environment, changes in the levels of general interest rates, volatility in the interest rate environment, the relative differences between short- and long-term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources;
xii.
fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes and other properties and fluctuations in commercial and residential real estate values in our market area;
xiii.
our ability to develop and maintain a strong core deposit base or other low cost funding sources necessary to fund our activities;
xiv.
results of examinations of us by regulatory authorities and the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, limit our business activities, require us to change our business mix, increase our allowance for loan losses, write-down asset values, or increase our capital levels, or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and earnings;
xv.
legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business, including, without limitation, changes in tax laws and policies and changes in regulatory capital or other rules, and the availability of resources to address or respond to such changes;
xvi.
our ability to control operating costs and expenses;
xvii.
staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our work force and potential associated charges;
xviii.
the risk that our enterprise risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for losses;
xix.
errors in estimates of the fair values of certain of our assets and liabilities, which may result in significant changes in valuation;
xx.
the network and computer systems on which we depend could fail or experience a security breach;
xxi.
our ability to attract and retain key members of our senior management team;
xxii.
increased competitive pressures among financial services companies;
xxiii.
changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits;
xxiv.
the effects of severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other external events on our business;
xxv.
the ability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
xxvi.
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the Financial Accounting Standards Board or their application to our business, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods;
xxvii.
share price volatility and reputational risks, related to, among other things, speculative trading and certain traders shorting our common shares and attempting to generate negative publicity about us; and
xxviii.
other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services and the other risks described in this report and from time to time in other documents that we file with or furnish to the SEC, including, without limitation, the risks described under “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and under “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The Company undertakes no obligation to update any such statement to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date, on which the forward-looking statement is made, except as required by law.

3

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
22,760

 
$
21,875

Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions
504,114

 
369,717

Total cash and cash equivalents
526,874

 
391,592

Securities available-for-sale, at fair value
775,662

 
1,992,500

Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value
23,936

 
7,690

Loans held-for-sale, carried at lower of cost or fair value
—

 
426

Loans receivable
6,383,259

 
7,700,873

Allowance for loan losses
(62,927
)
 
(62,192
)
Loans receivable, net
6,320,332

 
7,638,681

Federal Home Loan Bank and other bank stock, at cost
71,679

 
68,094

Premises, equipment, and capital leases, net
128,979

 
129,394

Bank owned life insurance
108,720

 
107,027

Operating lease right of use assets
23,907

 
—

Goodwill
37,144

 
37,144

Investments in alternative energy partnerships, net
27,039

 
28,988

Deferred income taxes, net
45,950

 
49,404

Income tax receivable
4,459

 
2,695

Other intangible assets, net
4,605

 
6,346

Receivable on unsettled securities sales
334,769

 
—

Other assets
191,282

 
150,596

Assets of discontinued operations
—

 
19,490

Total assets
$
8,625,337

 
$
10,630,067

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$
1,107,442

 
$
1,023,360

Interest-bearing deposits
4,662,616

 
6,893,284

Total deposits
5,770,058

 
7,916,644

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
1,650,000

 
1,520,000

Long term debt, net
173,339

 
173,174

Operating lease liabilities
25,210

 
—

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
105,742

 
74,715

Total liabilities
7,724,349

 
9,684,533

Commitments and contingent liabilities

 

Preferred stock
189,825

 
231,128

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 446,863,844 shares authorized; 51,990,143 shares issued and 50,406,763 shares outstanding at September 30, 2019; 51,755,398 shares issued and 50,172,018 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018
520

 
518

Class B non-voting non-convertible common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 3,136,156 shares authorized; 477,321 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and 477,321 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018
5

 
5

Additional paid-in capital
628,774

 
625,834

Retained earnings
120,221

 
140,952

Treasury stock, at cost (1,583,380 shares at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018)
(28,786
)
 
(28,786
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net
(9,571
)
 
(24,117
)
Total stockholders’ equity
900,988

 
945,534

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
8,625,337

 
$
10,630,067

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

4

BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
September 30,
2019
 
June 30,
2019
 
September 30,
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Interest and dividend income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, including fees
$
80,287

 
$
89,159

 
$
84,795

 
$
260,004

 
$
241,014

Securities
10,024

 
12,457

 
20,599

 
40,322

 
63,685

Other interest-earning assets
2,346

 
2,424

 
2,380

 
7,083

 
6,967

Total interest and dividend income
92,657

 
104,040

 
107,774

 
307,409

 
311,666

Interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
22,811

 
28,598

 
25,154

 
82,852

 
62,264

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
8,519

 
8,289

 
8,996

 
25,889

 
25,927

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
13

 
16

 
47

 
47

 
1,008

Long term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities
2,399

 
2,357

 
2,385

 
7,118

 
7,073

Total interest expense
33,742

 
39,260

 
36,582

 
115,906

 
96,272

Net interest income
58,915

 
64,780

 
71,192

 
191,503

 
215,394

Provision for (reversal of) loan losses
38,540

 
(1,987
)
 
1,410

 
39,065

 
23,562

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
20,375

 
66,767

 
69,782

 
152,438

 
191,832

Noninterest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer service fees
1,582

 
1,434

 
1,446

 
4,531

 
4,529

Loan servicing income
128

 
121

 
439

 
367

 
3,698

Income from bank owned life insurance
588

 
580

 
551

 
1,693

 
1,617

Impairment loss on investment securities
(731
)
 
—

 
—

 
(731
)
 
—

Net (loss) gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
(5,063
)
 
—

 
13

 
(4,855
)
 
5,532

Net gain on sale of loans
4,326

 
2,826

 
279

 
8,705

 
1,059

Net gain (loss) on sale of mortgage servicing rights
—

 
—

 
24

 
—

 
(2,426
)
Other income (loss)
2,351

 
(7,251
)
 
2,072

 
(2,524
)
 
7,458

Total noninterest income (loss)
3,181

 
(2,290
)
 
4,824

 
7,186

 
21,467

Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
25,934

 
27,506

 
24,832

 
81,879

 
85,387

Occupancy and equipment
7,767

 
7,955

 
8,213

 
23,408

 
23,783

Professional fees (reimbursement)
1,463

 
(2,903
)
 
11,966

 
9,601

 
27,446

Outside service fees
520

 
489

 
954

 
1,412

 
3,913

Data processing
1,568

 
1,672

 
1,884

 
4,736

 
5,218

Advertising and promotion
2,090

 
2,048

 
3,152

 
6,195

 
9,293

Regulatory assessments
1,239

 
2,136

 
2,138

 
5,857

 
6,426

(Gain) loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships
(940
)
 
(355
)
 
2,484

 
655

 
4,258

Reversal of provision for loan repurchases
(123
)
 
(61
)
 
(360
)
 
(300
)
 
(2,366
)
Amortization of intangible assets
500

 
621

 
693

 
1,741

 
2,363

Restructuring (reversal) expense
—

 
(158
)
 
553

 
2,637

 
4,536

All other expense
3,289

 
4,637

 
4,368

 
10,908

 
12,959

Total noninterest expense
43,307

 
43,587

 
60,877

 
148,729

 
183,216

(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
(19,751
)
 
20,890

 
13,729

 
10,895

 
30,083

Income tax (benefit) expense
(5,619
)
 
4,308

 
3,301

 
1,408

 
(1,273
)
(Loss) income from continuing operations
(14,132
)
 
16,582

 
10,428

 
9,487

 
31,356

Income from discontinued operations before income taxes (including net gain on disposal of $0, $0 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, and $0 and $1,275 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
—

 
—

 
924

 
—

 
4,249

Income tax expense
—

 
—

 
256

 
—

 
1,171

Income from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
668

 
—

 
3,078

Net (loss) income
(14,132
)
 
16,582

 
11,096

 
9,487

 
34,434

Preferred stock dividends
3,403

 
4,308

 
4,970

 
12,019

 
15,196

Income allocated to participating securities
—

 
271

 
—

 
—

 
—

Participating securities dividends
94

 
94

 
202

 
390

 
608

Impact of preferred stock redemption
5,093

 
—

 
2,307

 
5,093

 
2,307

Net (loss) income available to common stockholders
$
(22,722
)
 
$
11,909

 
$
3,617

 
$
(8,015
)
 
$
16,323

Basic (loss) earnings per common share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income from continuing operations
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.06

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.26

Income from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
0.01

 
—

 
0.06

Net (loss) income
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.32

Diluted (loss) earnings per common share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income from continuing operations
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.06

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.26

Income from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
0.01

 
—

 
0.06

Net (loss) income
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.32

Basic (loss) earnings per class B common share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income from continuing operations
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.06

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.26

Income from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
0.01

 
—

 
0.06

Net (loss) income
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.32

Diluted (loss) earnings per class B common share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income from continuing operations
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.06

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.26

Income from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
0.01

 
—

 
0.06

Net (loss) income
$
(0.45
)
 
$
0.23

 
$
0.07

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.32

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


5

BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
September 30,
2019
 
June 30,
2019
 
September 30,
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net (loss) income
$
(14,132
)
 
$
16,582

 
$
11,096

 
$
9,487

 
$
34,434

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized (loss) gain arising during the period
(994
)
 
5,423

 
(2,568
)
 
10,602

 
(23,760
)
Reclassification adjustment for OTTI loss included in net (loss) income
516

 
—

 
—

 
516

 
—

Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) included in net (loss) income
3,575

 
—

 
(9
)
 
3,428

 
(3,910
)
Total change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
3,097

 
5,423

 
(2,577
)
 
14,546

 
(27,670
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
3,097

 
5,423

 
(2,577
)
 
14,546

 
(27,670
)
Comprehensive (loss) income
$
(11,035
)
 
$
22,005

 
$
8,519

 
$
24,033

 
$
6,764

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


6

BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Treasury Stock
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
 
Voting
 
Class B Non-Voting
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
269,071

 
$
517

 
$
5

 
$
621,435

 
$
144,839

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
5,227

 
$
1,012,308

Reclassification of stranded tax effects to retained earnings
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(496
)
 
—

 
496

 
—

Adjusted Balance at December 31, 2017
269,071

 
517

 
5

 
621,435

 
144,343

 
(28,786
)
 
5,723

 
1,012,308

Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,558

 
—

 
—

 
8,558

Other comprehensive loss, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(17,265
)
 
(17,265
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,087

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,087

Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability
—

 
—

 
—

 
(97
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(97
)
Shares purchased under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
58

 
(74
)
 
—

 
—

 
(16
)
Stock appreciation right dividend equivalents
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(203
)
 
—

 
—

 
(203
)
Dividends declared ($0.13 per common share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,503
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6,503
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,113
)
 
—

 
—

 
(5,113
)
Balance at March 31, 2018
$
269,071

 
$
517

 
$
5

 
$
623,483

 
$
141,008

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
(11,542
)
 
$
993,756

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
14,780

 
—

 
—

 
14,780

Other comprehensive loss, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7,828
)
 
(7,828
)
Issuance of common stock
—

 
1

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,788

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,788

Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1,973
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,974
)
Shares purchased under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
74

 
(68
)
 
—

 
—

 
6

Stock appreciation right dividend equivalents
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(203
)
 
—

 
—

 
(203
)
Dividends declared ($0.13 per common share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,524
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6,524
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,113
)
 
—

 
—

 
(5,113
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
$
269,071

 
$
517

 
$
4

 
$
623,372

 
$
143,880

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
(19,370
)
—

$
988,688

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11,096

 
—

 
—

 
11,096

Other comprehensive loss, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,577
)
 
(2,577
)
Issuance of common stock
—

 
1

 
1

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Redemption of preferred stock
(37,943
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,307
)
 
—

 
—

 
(40,250
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,398

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,398

Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability
—

 
—

 
—

 
(48
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(48
)
Shares purchased under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
69

 
(61
)
 
—

 
—

 
8

Stock appreciation right dividend equivalents
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(202
)
 
—

 
—

 
(202
)
Dividends declared ($0.13 per common share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,465
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6,465
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,970
)
 
—

 
—

 
(4,970
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
$
231,128

 
$
518

 
$
5

 
$
624,789

 
$
140,971

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
(21,947
)
—

$
946,678

Balance at December 31, 2018
$
231,128

 
$
518

 
$
5

 
$
625,834

 
$
140,952

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
(24,117
)
 
$
945,534

Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,037

 
—

 
—

 
7,037

Other comprehensive income, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
6,026

 
6,026

Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
853

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
853

Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability
—

 
—

 
—

 
(79
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(79
)
Shares purchased under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(50
)
 
—

 
—

 
(50
)
Stock appreciation right dividend equivalents
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(202
)
 
—

 
—

 
(202
)
Dividends declared ($0.13 per common share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,486
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6,486
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,308
)
 
—

 
—

 
(4,308
)
Balance at March 31, 2019
$
231,128

 
$
518

 
$
5

 
$
626,608

 
$
136,943

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
(18,091
)
 
$
948,325

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
16,582

 
—

 
—

 
16,582

Other comprehensive income, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,423

 
5,423

Issuance of common stock
—

 
2

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,497

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,497

Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability
—

 
—

 
—

 
(797
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(797
)
Shares purchased under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(26
)
 
—

 
—

 
(26
)
Stock appreciation right dividend equivalents
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(94
)
 
—

 
—

 
(94
)
Dividends declared ($0.06 per common share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,058
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,058
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,308
)
 
—

 
—

 
(4,308
)
Balance at June 30, 2019
$
231,128

 
$
520

 
$
5

 
$
627,306

 
$
146,039

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
(12,668
)
 
$
963,544

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive (loss) income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(14,132
)
 
—

 
—

 
(14,132
)
Other comprehensive income, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,097

 
3,097

Redemption of preferred stock
(41,303
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,093
)
 
—

 
—

 
(46,396
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,494

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,494

Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability
—

 
—

 
—

 
(26
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(26
)
Shares purchased under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(23
)
 
—

 
—

 
(23
)
Stock appreciation right dividend equivalents
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(94
)
 
—

 
—

 
(94
)
Dividends declared ($0.06 per common share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,073
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,073
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,403
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,403
)
Balance at September 30, 2019
$
189,825

 
$
520

 
$
5

 
$
628,774

 
$
120,221

 
$
(28,786
)
 
$
(9,571
)
 
$
900,988

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

7

BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
9,487

 
$
34,434

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
39,065

 
23,562

(Reversal of) provision for unfunded loan commitments
(260
)
 
532

Reversal of provision for loan repurchases
(300
)
 
(2,366
)
Depreciation on premises and equipment
7,800

 
8,061

Amortization of intangible assets
1,741

 
2,363

Amortization of debt issuance cost
165

 
155

Net amortization of premium and discount on securities
738

 
908

Impairment loss on investment securities
731

 
—

Net amortization (accretion) of deferred loan costs and fees
479

 
(551
)
Accretion of discounts on purchased loans
(311
)
 
(583
)
Deferred income tax benefit
(2,600
)
 
(5,314
)
Bank owned life insurance income
(1,693
)
 
(1,617
)
Share-based compensation expense
3,844

 
5,273

Loss on interest rate swaps
8,964

 
—

Loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships
655

 
4,258

Impairment on capitalized software projects
986

 
1,975

Net revenue from mortgage banking activities
—

 
(396
)
Net gain on sale of loans
(8,705
)
 
(1,059
)
Net loss (gain) on sale of securities available for sale
4,855

 
(5,532
)
Loss from change of fair value of mortgage servicing rights
—

 
1,274

Loss on sale or disposal of property and equipment
20

 
61

Loss on sale of mortgage servicing rights
—

 
2,426

Net gain on disposal of discontinued operations
—

 
(1,275
)
Repurchase of mortgage loans
(1,929
)
 
(12,666
)
Originations of other loans held-for-sale
—

 
(6,274
)
Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on loans held-for-sale from mortgage banking
4,905

 
27,535

Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on other loans held-for-sale
426

 
7,044

Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets
(12,570
)
 
15,295

Change in accrued interest payable and other liabilities
3,633

 
(1,070
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
60,126

 
96,453

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale
822,979

 
417,870

Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities available-for-sale
38,029

 
478,200

Proceeds from principal repayments of securities available-for-sale
35,337

 
33,118

Purchases of securities available-for-sale
—

 
(425,076
)
Loan and lease originations and principal collections, net
151,655

 
(839,121
)
Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
56,551

 
51,975

Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank and other bank stock
(60,136
)
 
(47,629
)
Proceeds from sale of loans
1,140,851

 
230,291

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned
843

 
1,795

Proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights
—

 
30,056

Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment
—

 
19

Purchases of premises and equipment
(8,391
)
 
(7,546
)
Payments of capital lease obligations
(347
)
 
(339
)
Funding of equity investment
(14,599
)
 
(2,874
)
Decrease in investments in alternative energy partnerships
1,294

 
1,027

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
2,164,066

 
(78,234
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Net (decrease) increase in deposits
(2,146,586
)
 
108,839

Net increase (decrease) in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances
155,000

 
(410,000
)
Repayment of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances
(25,000
)
 
(25,000
)
Proceeds from long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances
—

 
380,000

Redemption of preferred stock
(46,396
)
 
(40,250
)
Purchase of restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability
(902
)
 
(2,119
)
Dividend equivalents paid on stock appreciation rights
(390
)
 
(607
)
Dividends paid on preferred stock
(12,019
)
 
(18,308
)
Dividends paid on common stock
(12,617
)
 
(26,252
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(2,088,910
)
 
(33,697
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
135,282

 
(15,478
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
391,592

 
387,699

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
526,874

 
$
372,221

Supplemental cash flow information
 
 
 
Interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds
120,042

 
90,365

Income taxes paid
2,822

 
4,435

Income taxes refunds received
142

 
4,502

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities
 
 
 
Transfer from loans to other real estate owned, net
276

 
434

Transfer of loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale
1,127,898

 
231,844

Equipment acquired under capital leases
40

 
41

Operating lease right of use assets recognized
28,664

 
—

Operating lease liabilities recognized
30,065

 
 
Receivable on unsettled securities sales
334,769

 
—

Reclassification of stranded tax effects to retained earnings
—

 
496

Due on unsettled securities purchases
—

 
17,500

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

8

BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
September 30, 2019

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations: Banc of California, Inc. (collectively, with its consolidated subsidiaries, the Company, we, us and our) is a financial holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, headquartered in Santa Ana, California and incorporated under the laws of Maryland. Banc of California, Inc. is subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Banc of California, National Association (the Bank), operates under a national bank charter issued by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Bank's primary regulator. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system, and maintains insurance on deposit accounts with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
The Bank offers a variety of financial services to meet the banking and financial needs of the communities it serves, with operations conducted through 32 banking offices, serving San Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and Orange counties in California as of September 30, 2019.
Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X and other SEC rules and regulations for reporting on the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are not included herein. These interim statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed by the Company with the SEC. The December 31, 2018 consolidated statements of financial condition presented herein has been derived from the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC, but does not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements.
In the opinion of management of the Company, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all of the adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations as of the dates and for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.
Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to the Company include its then wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Significant Accounting Policies: The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are based upon GAAP and conform to predominant practices within the banking industry. The Company has not made any significant changes in its critical accounting policies from those disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC, except for the accounting for leases as described below.
Leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company’s operating lease agreements are primarily for real estate space and are included within right of use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities on the September 30, 2019 consolidated balance sheet. The ROU asset is based on the operating lease liabilities adjusted for any prepaid or deferred rent. The Company has elected not to recognize on its consolidated balance sheet leases with terms of one-year or less.
ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment, at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Many of the Company’s lessee agreements include options to extend the lease, which the Company does not include in its minimum lease terms unless they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company elected the practical expedient to combine its lease and related nonlease components for the Company’s building leases. Rental expense for lease payments related to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. The allowance for loan losses (ALLL), reserve for loss on repurchased loans, reserve for unfunded loan

9

commitments, realization of deferred tax assets, the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, mortgage banking and other derivatives, Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (HLBV) of investments in alternative energy partnerships, and the fair value measurement of financial instruments are particularly subject to change and such change could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Discontinued Operations: During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company completed the sale of its Banc Home Loans division, which largely represented the Company's Mortgage Banking segment. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20, the Company determined that the sale of the Banc Home Loans division and certain other mortgage banking related assets and liabilities that would be sold or settled separately within one year met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation and the related operating results and financial condition have been presented as discontinued operations on the consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for additional information. Unless otherwise indicated, information included in these notes to the consolidated financial statements is presented on a consolidated operations basis, which includes results from both continuing and discontinued operations, as of December 31, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were no material assets, liabilities or operating income as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to discontinued operations.
Restructuring Expense: During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company continued to implement its strategic objective to de-emphasize the production of low margin loan products through its exit from the third-party mortgage origination ("TPMO") and brokered single family lending business. The Company recognized no restructuring costs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, associated with the exit from the TPMO and brokered single family lending business and CEO transition.
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements: During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the following pronouncements applicable to the Company were adopted:
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02 Topic 842, “Leases” which increases transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of right of use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Most prominent among the changes in the standard is the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Under the standard, disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company adopted Topic 842 and related updates effective January 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application, and therefore, periods prior to January 1, 2019 were not restated. The Company elected the package of practical expedients, which permits us not to reassess prior conclusions about lease identifications, lease classification and initial direct costs under the new standard. The Company did not elect to apply the hindsight practical expedient pertaining to using hindsight knowledge as of the effective date when determining lease terms and impairment. The Company also has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption (leases with terms 12 months or less) for all leases that qualify, and thus will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for those leases. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of our leases. Upon adoption, the Company recognized on its consolidated balance sheet ROU assets of approximately $23.3 million (inclusive of an adjustment to remove the Company's existing deferred rent liability of approximately $1.4 million) with a corresponding operating lease liability of approximately $24.7 million. The standard did not have an impact on our consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company's accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which amended ASC 350 "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other." The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company has early adopted this guidance prospectively as of August 31, 2019, and the adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
NOTE 2 – SALE OF BUSINESS UNIT (DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS)
Banc Home Loans Sale
On March 30, 2017, the Company completed the sale of specific assets and activities related to its Banc Home Loans division to Caliber Home Loans, Inc. (Caliber). The Banc Home Loans division largely represented the Company's Mortgage Banking segment, the activities of which related to originating, servicing, underwriting, funding and selling single family residential (SFR) mortgage loans. Assets sold to Caliber included mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) on certain conventional agency SFR

10

mortgage loans. The Banc Home Loans division, along with certain other mortgage banking related assets and liabilities that were sold or settled separately within one year, was classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Income at December 31, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Certain components of the Company’s Mortgage Banking segment, including MSRs on certain conventional agency SFR mortgage loans that were not sold as part of the Banc Home Loans sale and repurchase reserves related to previously sold loans, have been classified as continuing operations in the consolidated financial statements as they remain part of the Company’s ongoing operations. Refer to Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for additional information related to this sale.
There were no gains related to the disposal during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized gains related to the disposal of $0 thousand and $1.3 million, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized earn-out income of $881 thousand and $786 thousand, respectively, related to the sale to Caliber, which is included in other noninterest income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized earn-out income of $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively. At September 30, 2019 there were no material assets or liabilities associated with discontinued operations. At December 31, 2018, assets and liabilities of discontinued operations totaled $19.5 million and zero, respectively.
NOTE 3 – FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value Hierarchy
ASC 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The topic describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
•
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
•
Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
Securities Available-for-Sale: The fair values of securities available-for-sale are generally determined by quoted market prices in active markets, if available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, the Company primarily employs independent pricing services that utilize pricing models to calculate fair value. Such fair value measurements consider observable data such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, yield curves, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and respective terms and conditions for debt instruments. The Company employs procedures to monitor the pricing service's assumptions and establishes processes to challenge the pricing service's valuations that appear unusual or unexpected. Level 2 securities include U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) loan pool securities, U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise (GSE) residential mortgage-backed securities, non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations, and corporate debt securities. When a market is illiquid or there is a lack of transparency around the inputs to valuation, including at least one unobservable input, the securities are classified as Level 3 and reliance is placed upon internally developed models, and management judgment and evaluation for valuation. The Company had no securities available-for-sale classified as Level 3 at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
Loans Held-for-Sale, Carried at Fair Value: The fair value of loans held-for-sale is based on commitments outstanding from investors as well as what secondary market investors are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics, except for loans that are repurchased out of GNMA loan pools that become severely delinquent which are valued based on an internal model that estimates the expected loss the Company will incur on these loans. Loans previously sold to GNMA that are delinquent more than 90 days are subject to a repurchase option when that condition exists. These loans are re-recognized at fair value and offset by a secured borrowing, as the loans are still legally owned by GNMA but failed sale accounting treatment under GAAP due to the repurchase option. Loans held-for-sale subject to recurring fair value adjustments are classified as Level 2 or, in the case of loans repurchased, Level 3. The fair value includes the servicing value of the loans as well as any

11

accrued interest. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no loans that were delinquent more than 90 days and eligible to be repurchased out of GNMA loan pools.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities:
Interest Rate Swaps and Caps.
The Company offers interest rate swaps and caps products to certain loan customers to allow them to hedge the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. The Company originates a variable rate loan and enters into a variable-to-fixed interest rate swap with the customer. The Company also enters into an offsetting swap with a correspondent bank. These back-to-back agreements are intended to offset each other and allow the Company to originate a variable rate loan, while providing a contract for fixed interest payments for the customer. The net cash flow for the Company is equal to the interest income received from a variable rate loan originated with the customer. The fair value of these derivatives is based on a discounted cash flow approach. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts, the valuation of interest rate swaps is classified as Level 2.
The Company may use interest rate swaps to offset variability in the fair values of investment securities resulting from changes in market interest rates. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company partially hedged the fair value of the MBS portfolio using interest rate swaps. At the end of the quarter, the Company took advantage of the decline in long-term interest rates and sold the majority of the MBS portfolio and unwound the majority of the interest rate swaps. 
Foreign Exchange Contracts. 
The Company offers short-term foreign exchange contracts to its customers to purchase and/or sell foreign currencies at set rates in the future. These products allow customers to hedge the foreign exchange rate risk of their deposits and loans denominated in foreign currencies. In conjunction with these products the Company also enters into offsetting contracts with institutional counterparties to hedge the Company’s foreign exchange rate risk. These back-to-back contracts allow the Company to offer its customers foreign exchange products while minimizing its exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. The fair value of these instruments is determined at each reporting period based on the change in the foreign exchange rate. Given the short-term nature of the contracts, the counterparties’ credit risks are considered nominal and resulted in no adjustments to the valuation of the short-term foreign exchange contracts. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts, the valuation of these contracts is classified as Level 2.

12

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)
 
Carrying Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA loan pools securities
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
40,374

 
—

 
40,374

 
—

Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
277

 
—

 
277

 
—

Collateralized loan obligations
 
735,011

 
—

 
735,011

 
—

Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value
 
23,936

 
—

 
3,431

 
20,505

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (1)
 
4,773

 
—

 
4,773

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts (1)
 
36

 
—

 
36

 
—

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (2)
 
5,198

 
—

 
5,198

 
—

Interest rate swaps and caps - mortgage-backed securities(3)
 
325

 
—

 
325

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts (2)
 
30

 
—

 
30

 
—

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA loan pools securities
 
$
910

 
$
—

 
$
910

 
$
—

U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
437,442

 
—

 
437,442

 
—

Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
427

 
—

 
427

 
—

Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
132,199

 
—

 
132,199

 
—

Collateralized loan obligations
 
1,421,522

 
—

 
1,421,522

 
—

Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value (4)
 
27,180

 
—

 
2,140

 
25,040

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (1)
 
1,534

 
—

 
1,534

 
—

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (2)
 
1,600

 
—

 
1,600

 
—


(1)
Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(2)
Included in Accrued expenses and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(3)
Included in Securities available-for-sale in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(4)
Includes loans held-for-sale carried at fair value of $19.5 million ($2.1 million at Level 2 and $17.4 million at Level 3) of discontinued operations, which are included in Assets of Discontinued Operations in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The following table presents a reconciliation of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), on a consolidated operations basis, for the periods indicated:

13

 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Loans repurchased from GNMA Loan Pools (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
21,075

 
$
33,234

 
$
25,040

 
$
98,940

Total gains (losses) (realized/unrealized):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings—fair value adjustment
 
2

 
(22
)
 
(1
)
 
(276
)
Additions
 
406

 
711

 
406

 
28,096

Sales, settlements, and other
 
(978
)
 
(8,167
)
 
(4,940
)
 
(101,004
)
Balance at end of period
 
$
20,505

 
$
25,756

 
$
20,505

 
$
25,756


(1)
Includes loans repurchased from GNMA Loan Pools of discontinued operations, which is included in Assets of Discontinued Operations in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, of zero and $20.9 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and $17.3 million and $32.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 in balance at beginning of period, and zero and $17.7 million, respectively, for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 in balance at end of period.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's loans repurchased from GNMA loan pools at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 included an expected loss rate of 1.55 percent for insured loans and 20.00 percent for uninsured loans. There may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results.
Fair Value Option
Loans Held-for-Sale, Carried at Fair Value: The Company elected the fair value option for certain SFR mortgage loans held-for-sale. Electing to measure SFR mortgage loans held-for-sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets. The Company also elected to record loans repurchased from GNMA at fair value, as the Company intends to sell them after curing any defects and, accordingly, they are classified as held-for-sale. Loans previously sold to GNMA that are delinquent more than 90 days are subject to a repurchase option when that condition exists. These loans are re-recognized at fair value and offset by a secured borrowing, as the loans are still legally owned by GNMA.
The following table presents the fair value and aggregate principal balance of certain assets, on a consolidated operations basis, under the fair value option:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Difference
 
Fair Value
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Difference
Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value in continuing operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
 
$
23,936

 
$
24,746

 
$
(810
)
 
$
7,690

 
$
7,906

 
$
(216
)
Non-accrual loans (1)
 
8,203

 
8,436

 
(233
)
 
2,427

 
2,538

 
(111
)
Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value in discontinued operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
19,490

 
$
20,027

 
$
(537
)
Non-accrual loans (2)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,430

 
8,496

 
(66
)
(1)
Includes loans guaranteed by the U.S. government of $7.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(2)
Includes loans guaranteed by the U.S. government of zero and $7.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
There were no loans held-for-sale that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
The assets accounted for under the fair value option are initially measured at fair value. Gains and losses from initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. The following table presents changes in fair value related to initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value included in earnings for these assets measured at fair

14

value for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net gains from fair value changes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gain on sale of loans (continuing operations)
 
$
17

 
$
11

 
$
77

 
$
198

Net revenue on mortgage banking activities (discontinued operations)
 
—

 
30

 
—

 
127


Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Interest income on loans held-for-sale under the fair value option is measured based on the contractual interest rate and reported in interest income on loans, including fees and income from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations.
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis
Impaired Loans: The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the ALLL based on collateral is generally based on recent real estate appraisals and automated valuation models (AVMs). These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically deemed significant unobservable inputs used for determining fair value and result in a Level 3 classification.
The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of the dates indicated:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)
 
Carrying Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
15,690

 
—

 
—

 
$
15,690

SBA
 
1,518

 
—

 
—

 
1,518

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA
 
$
226

 
—

 
—

 
$
226


The following table presents the gain (losses) recognized on assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(490
)
 
$
(115
)
Commercial and industrial
 
—

 
(219
)
 
—

 
(511
)
SBA
 
—

 
1

 
(46
)
 
(379
)
Other consumer
 
—

 
—

 
(88
)
 
(141
)

Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments

15

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities, on a consolidated operations basis, as of the dates indicated:
 
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
526,874

 
$
526,874

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
526,874

Securities available-for-sale
 
775,662

 
—

 
775,662

 
—

 
775,662

Federal Home Loan Bank and other bank stock
 
71,679

 
—

 
71,679

 
—

 
71,679

Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value
 
23,936

 
—

 
3,431

 
20,505

 
23,936

Loans receivable, net of ALLL
 
6,320,332

 
—

 
—

 
6,280,331

 
6,280,331

Accrued interest receivable
 
27,598

 
27,598

 
—

 
—

 
27,598

Derivative assets
 
4,809

 
—

 
4,809

 
—

 
4,809

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
5,770,058

 
—

 
—

 
5,700,325

 
5,700,325

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
 
1,650,000

 
—

 
1,681,331

 
—

 
1,681,331

Long term debt
 
173,339

 
—

 
182,457

 
—

 
182,457

Derivative liabilities
 
5,553

 
—

 
5,553

 
—

 
5,553

Accrued interest payable
 
9,112

 
9,112

 
—

 
—

 
9,112

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
391,592

 
$
391,592

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
391,592

Securities available-for-sale
 
1,992,500

 
—

 
1,992,500

 
—

 
1,992,500

Federal Home Loan Bank and other bank stock
 
68,094

 
—

 
68,094

 
—

 
68,094

Loans held-for-sale (1)
 
27,606

 
—

 
2,566

 
25,040

 
27,606

Loans receivable, net of allowance
 
7,638,681

 
—

 
—

 
7,513,910

 
7,513,910

Accrued interest receivable
 
38,807

 
38,807

 
—

 
—

 
38,807

Derivative assets
 
1,534

 
—

 
1,534

 
—

 
1,534

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
7,916,644

 
—

 
—

 
7,689,324

 
7,689,324

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
 
1,520,000

 
—

 
1,517,761

 
—

 
1,517,761

Long-term debt
 
173,174

 
—

 
174,059

 
—

 
174,059

Derivative liabilities
 
1,600

 
—

 
1,600

 
—

 
1,600

Accrued interest payable
 
13,253

 
13,253

 
—

 
—

 
13,253

(1)
Includes loans held-for-sale carried at fair value of $19.5 million ($2.1 million at Level 2 and $17.4 million at Level 3) of discontinued operations.

16

NOTE 4 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of the investment securities portfolio as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
$
40,374

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
40,374

Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
267

 
10

 
—

 
277

Collateralized loan obligations
 
748,605

 
—

 
(13,594
)
 
735,011

Total securities available-for-sale
 
$
789,246

 
$
10

 
$
(13,594
)
 
$
775,662

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA loan pool securities
 
$
911

 
$
—

 
$
(1
)
 
$
910

U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
461,987

 
—

 
(24,545
)
 
437,442

Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
418

 
9

 
—

 
427

Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
132,199

 
—

 
—

 
132,199

Collateralized loan obligations
 
1,431,171

 
141

 
(9,790
)
 
1,421,522

Total securities available-for-sale
 
$
2,026,686

 
$
150

 
$
(34,336
)
 
$
1,992,500


As of December 31, 2018, the Company changed its intent and decided to sell its non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities in an unrealized loss position due to its strategy to reposition its securities profile and recognized $3.3 million of other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses during the fourth quarter of 2018. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company completed the sale of all remaining non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities totaling $132.2 million resulting in a gain of $9 thousand. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $380.9 million and $385.8 million, respectively, in mortgage-backed securities resulting in a loss of $5.1 million and $5.0 million, respectively. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold zero and $644.5 million, respectively, in collateralized loan obligations resulting in a gain of zero and $143 thousand, respectively. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company completed the sale of all remaining corporate debt securities, totaling $76.8 million resulting in a gain of $4.9 million.
At September 30, 2019, the Company's investment securities portfolio consisted of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized loan obligations. The expected maturities of these types of securities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no holdings of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10 percent of the Company's stockholders’ equity.
The following table presents proceeds from sales and calls of securities available-for-sale and the associated gross gains and losses realized through earnings upon the sales and calls of securities available-for-sale for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Gross realized gains on sales and calls of securities available-for-sale
 
$
71

 
$
13

 
$
279

 
$
5,532

Gross realized losses on sales and calls of securities available-for-sale
 
(5,134
)
 
—

 
(5,134
)
 
—

Net realized (losses) gains on sales and calls of securities available-for-sale
 
$
(5,063
)
 
$
13

 
$
(4,855
)
 
$
5,532

Proceeds from sales and calls of securities available-for-sale
 
$
43,252

 
$
283,114

 
$
861,008

 
$
896,070


Investment securities with carrying values of $64.6 million and $163.0 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure FHLB advances, public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

17

The following table summarizes the investment securities with unrealized losses by security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated:
 
 
Less Than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Longer
 
Total
($ in thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations
 
$
435,191

 
$
(6,539
)
 
$
299,820

 
$
(7,055
)
 
$
735,011

 
$
(13,594
)
Total securities available-for-sale
 
$
435,191

 
$
(6,539
)
 
$
299,820

 
$
(7,055
)
 
$
735,011

 
$
(13,594
)
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA loan pool securities
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
910

 
$
(1
)
 
$
910

 
$
(1
)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
13,494

 
(133
)
 
423,916

 
(24,412
)
 
437,410

 
(24,545
)
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
90

 
—

 
16

 
—

 
106

 
—

Collateralized loan obligations
 
1,364,317

 
(9,480
)
 
32,790

 
(310
)
 
1,397,107

 
(9,790
)
Total securities available-for-sale
 
$
1,377,901

 
$
(9,613
)
 
$
457,632

 
$
(24,723
)
 
$
1,835,533

 
$
(34,336
)

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded OTTI for its remaining portfolio of mortgage-backed securities of $731 thousand and $731 thousand, respectively. The OTTI was recognized as a result of the Company's ongoing strategic decision to liquidate this longer duration portfolio. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, no OTTI was recorded.
At September 30, 2019, the Company’s securities available-for-sale portfolio consisted of 57 securities, 45 of which were in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2018, the Company’s securities available-for-sale portfolio consisted of 145 securities, 118 of which were in an unrealized loss position.
The Company monitors its securities portfolio to ensure it has adequate credit support. The majority of unrealized losses are related to the Company's collateralized loan obligations. The Company also considers the lowest credit rating for identification of potential OTTI for other securities. As of September 30, 2019, nearly all of the Company's non-agency mortgage-backed securities or collateralized loan obligations investment securities in an unrealized loss position received an investment grade credit rating. The decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality. Except for the remaining portfolio of 9 mortgage-backed securities which the Company intends to sell, the Company believes there was no further OTTI as of September 30, 2019. The Company does not have the intent to sell the remaining 45 securities in an unrealized loss position and further believes it is not likely that it will be required to sell these securities before their anticipated recovery.


18

The following table presents the composition and the repricing and yield information of the investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2019:
 
 
One year or less
 
More than One Year through Five Years
 
More than Five Years through Ten Years
 
More than Ten Years
 
Total
($ in thousands)
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted-Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted-Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted-Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted-Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted-Average Yield
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
40,374

 
2.56
%
 
$
40,374

 
2.56
%
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
65

 
2.68
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
212

 
5.79
%
 
277

 
5.06
%
Collateralized loan obligations
 
735,011

 
3.52
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
735,011

 
3.52
%
Total securities available-for-sale
 
$
735,076

 
3.52
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
40,586

 
2.58
%
 
$
775,662

 
3.47
%


19

NOTE 5 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The following table presents the balances in the Company’s loan portfolios as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
1,789,478

 
$
1,944,142

Commercial real estate
 
891,029

 
867,013

Multifamily
 
1,563,757

 
2,241,246

SBA
 
75,359

 
68,741

Construction
 
228,561

 
203,976

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
1,775,953

 
2,305,490

Other consumer
 
59,122

 
70,265

Total loans(1)
 
$
6,383,259

 
$
7,700,873

Allowance for loan losses
 
(62,927
)
 
(62,192
)
Loans receivable, net
 
$
6,320,332

 
$
7,638,681


(1)
Total loans include deferred loan origination costs/(fees) and premiums/(discounts), net of $15.3 million and $17.7 million, respectively, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Non-Traditional Mortgage Loans ("NTM")
The following table presents the composition of the NTM portfolio as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Green Loans (HELOC) - first liens(1)
 
76

 
$
59,538

 
9.1
%
 
88

 
$
67,729

 
8.2
%
Interest-only - first liens(2)
 
409

 
588,567

 
90.1
%
 
519

 
753,061

 
91.1
%
Negative amortization(3)
 
9

 
3,062

 
0.5
%
 
11

 
3,528

 
0.4
%
Total NTM - first liens
 
494

 
651,167

 
99.6
%
 
618

 
824,318

 
99.7
%
Other consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Green Loans (HELOC) - second liens(1)
 
7

 
2,308

 
0.4
%
 
10

 
2,413

 
0.3
%
Total NTM - second liens
 
7

 
2,308

 
0.4
%
 
10

 
2,413

 
0.3
%
Total NTM loans
 
501

 
$
653,475

 
100.0
%
 
628

 
$
826,731

 
100.0
%
Total loans receivable
 
 
 
$
6,383,259

 
 
 
 
 
$
7,700,873

 
 
% of total NTM loans to total loans receivable
 
 
 
10.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
10.7
%
 
 

Green Loans
Green Loans are single family residential first and second mortgage lines of credit with a linked checking account that allows all types of deposits and withdrawals to be performed. These loans are generally interest only for a 15-year term with a balloon payment due at maturity. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $286 thousand and $0, respectively, of the Company's Green Loans were non-performing. As a result of their unique payment feature, Green Loans possess higher credit risk; however, management believes the risk is mitigated through the Company’s loan terms and underwriting standards, including its policies on LTV ratios and the Company’s contractual ability to curtail loans when the value of the underlying collateral declines. The Company discontinued origination of Green Loans in 2011.
Interest Only Loans
Interest only loans are primarily single family residential first mortgage loans with payment features that allow interest only payments in initial periods before converting to a fully amortizing loan. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, interest only loans totaled $588.6 million and $753.1 million, respectively. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $827 thousand and $0, respectively, of the interest only loans were non-performing.
Loans with the Potential for Negative Amortization

20

Negative amortization loans totaled $3.1 million and $3.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company discontinued origination of negative amortization loans in 2007. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, none of the loans with the potential for negative amortization were non-performing. These loans pose a potentially higher credit risk because of the lack of principal amortization and potential for negative amortization; however, management believes the credit risk associated with these loans is mitigated through the loan terms and underwriting standards, including the Company’s policies on LTV ratios.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company has established credit risk management processes that include regular management review of the loan portfolio to identify problem loans. During the ordinary course of business, management may become aware of borrowers and lessees who may not be able to fulfill the contractual payment requirements of the loan agreements. Such loans are subject to increased monitoring. Consideration is given to placing the loan or lease on non-accrual status, assessing the need for additional ALLL, and partial or full charge off the principal balance. The Company maintains the ALLL at a level that is considered adequate to cover the estimated incurred losses in the loan portfolio.
The Company also maintains a separate reserve for unfunded loan commitments at a level that is considered adequate to cover the estimated incurred loss. The estimated funding of the loan commitments and credit risk factors are determined based on outstanding loans that share similar credit risk exposure are used to determine the adequacy of the reserve. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $4.4 million and $4.6 million, respectively, which are included in Accrued expenses and Other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The credit risk monitoring system is designed to identify impaired and potential problem loans, and to perform periodic evaluation of impairment and the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses in a timely manner. In addition, the Board of Directors of the Bank has adopted a credit policy that includes a credit review and control system that it believes should be effective in ensuring that the Company maintains an adequate allowance for loan losses. The Board of Directors also provides oversight and guidance for management’s allowance evaluation process.
The following table presents a summary of activity in the ALLL for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
59,523

 
$
56,678

 
$
62,192

 
$
49,333

Loans charged off
 
(35,546
)
 
(388
)
 
(39,060
)
 
(15,977
)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
 
410

 
82

 
730

 
864

Net charge-offs
 
(35,136
)
 
(306
)
 
(38,330
)
 
(15,113
)
Provision for loan losses
 
38,540

 
1,410

 
39,065

 
23,562

Balance at end of period
 
$
62,927

 
$
57,782

 
$
62,927

 
$
57,782


During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit originated in November 2017 to a borrower purportedly the subject of a fraudulent scheme. In addition, the charge-off increased the loss factor used in our allowance for loan loss for commercial and industrial loans, resulting in an additional loan loss provision of $3.0 million. On October 22, 2019, in connection with this matter, the Bank filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (Case CV '19 02031 GPC KSC) seeking to recover its losses and other monetary damages against Chicago Title Insurance Company and Chicago Title Company, asserting claims under RICO, 18 U.S.C § 1962 and for RICO Conspiracy, Fraud, Aiding and Abetting Fraud, Negligent Misrepresentation, Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Negligence. We are actively considering and pursuing available sources of recovery and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in that regard.
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company undertook an extensive collateral review of all commercial lending relationships $5 million and above not secured by real estate, consisting of 53 loans representing $536 million in commitments. The collateral review focused on security and collateral documentation and confirmation of the Bank's collateral interest. The review was performed within the Bank's Internal Audit division and the work was validated by an independent third party. Our review and outside validation have not identified any other instances of apparent fraud for the credits reviewed or concerns over the existence of collateral held by the Bank or on our behalf at third parties; however, there are no assurances that our internal review and third party validation will be sufficient to identify all such issues.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded a charge-off of $13.9 million, which reflected the outstanding balance under a $15.0 million line of credit that was originated during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Subsequent to the granting of the line of credit, representations from the borrower in applying for the line of credit were determined by the Bank to be false, and third party bank account statements provided by the borrower to secure the line of

21

credit were found to be fraudulent. The line of credit was granted after the borrower appeared to have satisfied a pre-condition that the line of credit be fully cash collateralized and secured by a bank account at a third party financial institution pledged to the Bank. As part of the Bank’s credit review and portfolio management process, the line of credit and disbursements were reviewed subsequent to closing and compliance with the borrower’s covenants was monitored. As part of this process, on March 9, 2018, the Bank received information that caused it to believe the existence of the pledged bank account had been misrepresented by the borrower and that the account had previously been closed. The Bank filed an action in Federal court pursuing the borrower and other parties. That action was voluntarily dismissed by the Bank without prejudice, and a substantially similar action was filed in Los Angeles County Superior Court. The Bank is also considering other available sources of collection and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that it will be successful in this regard.


22

The following table presents the activity and balance in the ALLL and the recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, in loans based on the impairment methodology as of or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
($ in thousands)
 
Commercial and Industrial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
SBA
 
Construction
 
Lease Financing
 
Single Family Residential Mortgage
 
Other Consumer
 
Total
ALLL:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2019
 
$
21,529

 
$
6,877

 
$
12,625

 
$
3,120

 
$
3,715

 
$
—

 
$
11,072

 
$
585

 
$
59,523

Charge-offs
 
(34,673
)
 
—

 
—

 
(738
)
 
—

 
—

 
(135
)
 
—

 
(35,546
)
Recoveries
 
59

 
—

 
—

 
50

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
298

 
410

Net (charge-offs) recoveries
 
(34,614
)
 
—

 
—

 
(688
)
 
—

 
3

 
(135
)
 
298

 
(35,136
)
Provision (reversal)
 
37,660

 
(298
)
 
(660
)
 
1,686

 
165

 
(3
)
 
342

 
(352
)
 
38,540

Balance at September 30, 2019
 
$
24,575

 
$
6,579

 
$
11,965

 
$
4,118

 
$
3,880

 
$
—

 
$
11,279

 
$
531

 
$
62,927

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2018
 
$
18,191

 
$
6,674

 
$
17,970

 
$
1,827

 
$
3,461

 
$
—

 
$
13,128

 
$
941

 
$
62,192

Charge-offs
 
(36,788
)
 
—

 
(6
)
 
(1,086
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,086
)
 
(94
)
 
(39,060
)
Recoveries
 
102

 
—

 
—

 
152

 
—

 
9

 
150

 
317

 
730

Net (charge-offs) recoveries
 
(36,686
)
 
—

 
(6
)
 
(934
)
 
—

 
9

 
(936
)
 
223

 
(38,330
)
Provision (reversal)
 
43,070

 
(95
)
 
(5,999
)
 
3,225

 
419

 
(9
)
 
(913
)
 
(633
)
 
39,065

Balance at September 30, 2019
 
$
24,575

 
$
6,579

 
$
11,965

 
$
4,118

 
$
3,880

 
$
—

 
$
11,279

 
$
531

 
$
62,927

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
4,614

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,858

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
21

 
$
7,493

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
19,961

 
6,579

 
11,965

 
1,260

 
3,880

 
—

 
11,279

 
510

 
55,434

Total ending ALLL balance
 
$
24,575

 
$
6,579

 
$
11,965

 
$
4,118

 
$
3,880

 
$
—

 
$
11,279

 
$
531

 
$
62,927

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
22,042

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
5,696

 
$
2,519

 
$
—

 
$
20,641

 
$
822

 
$
51,720

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
1,767,436

 
891,029

 
1,563,757

 
69,663

 
226,042

 
—

 
1,755,312

 
58,300

 
6,331,539

Total ending loan balances
 
$
1,789,478

 
$
891,029

 
$
1,563,757

 
$
75,359

 
$
228,561

 
$
—

 
$
1,775,953

 
$
59,122

 
$
6,383,259


23

The following table presents the activity and balance in the ALLL and the recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, in loans based on the impairment methodology as of or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018:
($ in thousands)
 
Commercial and Industrial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
SBA
 
Construction
 
Lease Financing
 
Single Family Residential Mortgage
 
Other Consumer
 
Total
ALLL:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2018
 
$
16,864

 
$
5,732

 
$
14,630

 
$
1,840

 
$
3,419

 
$
—

 
$
13,236

 
$
957

 
$
56,678

Charge-offs
 
(342
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(45
)
 
(1
)
 
(388
)
Recoveries
 
61

 
—

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
10

 
82

Net (charge-offs) recoveries
 
(281
)
 
—

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
3

 
(45
)
 
9

 
(306
)
Provision (reversal)
 
(40
)
 
280

 
843

 
22

 
(172
)
 
(3
)
 
407

 
73

 
1,410

Balance at September 30, 2018
 
$
16,543

 
$
6,012

 
$
15,473

 
$
1,870

 
$
3,247

 
$
—

 
$
13,598

 
$
1,039

 
$
57,782

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
$
14,280

 
$
4,971

 
$
13,265

 
$
1,701

 
$
3,318

 
$
—

 
$
10,996

 
$
802

 
$
49,333

Charge-offs
 
(689
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
(683
)
 
—

 
—

 
(524
)
 
(14,073
)
 
(15,977
)
Recoveries
 
158

 
—

 
—

 
240

 
—

 
12

 
436

 
18

 
864

Net (charge-offs) recoveries
 
(531
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
(443
)
 
—

 
12

 
(88
)
 
(14,055
)
 
(15,113
)
Provision (reversal)
 
2,794

 
1,041

 
2,216

 
612

 
(71
)
 
(12
)
 
2,690

 
14,292

 
23,562

Balance at September 30, 2018
 
$
16,543

 
$
6,012

 
$
15,473

 
$
1,870

 
$
3,247

 
$
—

 
$
13,598

 
$
1,039

 
$
57,782

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
122

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
133

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
640

 
$
7

 
$
902

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
16,421

 
6,012

 
15,473

 
1,737

 
3,247

 
—

 
12,958

 
1,032

 
56,880

Total ending ALLL balance
 
$
16,543

 
$
6,012

 
$
15,473

 
$
1,870

 
$
3,247

 
$
—

 
$
13,598

 
$
1,039

 
$
57,782

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
5,614

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,834

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
22,364

 
$
739

 
$
30,551

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
1,667,441

 
823,193

 
2,112,190

 
69,660

 
200,294

 
—

 
2,277,705

 
72,259

 
7,222,742

Total ending loan balances
 
$
1,673,055

 
$
823,193

 
$
2,112,190

 
$
71,494

 
$
200,294

 
$
—

 
$
2,300,069

 
$
72,998

 
$
7,253,293



24

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of the dates indicated. The recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, presents customer balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loans and net of any deferred fees and costs and any purchase premium or discount.
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Recorded Investment
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Recorded Investment
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
With no related ALLL recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
1,749

 
$
1,738

 
$
—

 
$
5,491

 
$
5,455

 
$
—

Commercial real estate
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

SBA
 
1,387

 
1,321

 
—

 
1,668

 
1,588

 
—

Construction
 
2,519

 
2,519

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
20,544

 
20,641

 
—

 
12,115

 
12,161

 
—

Other consumer
 
821

 
801

 
—

 
469

 
469

 
—

With an ALLL recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
20,310

 
20,304

 
4,614

 
—

 
—

 
—

SBA
 
4,572

 
4,375

 
2,858

 
823

 
788

 
562

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,993

 
6,032

 
161

Other consumer
 
21

 
21

 
21

 
468

 
452

 
106

Total
 
$
51,923

 
$
51,720

 
$
7,493

 
$
27,027

 
$
26,945

 
$
829

The following table presents information on impaired loans, disaggregated by class, for the periods indicated:
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
($ in thousands)
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Cash Basis Interest Recognized
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Cash Basis Interest Recognized
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
22,619

 
$
40

 
$
32

 
$
16,154

 
$
295

 
$
286

Commercial real estate
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
193

 
—

 
—

SBA
 
5,843

 
4

 
4

 
4,328

 
12

 
12

Construction
 
2,519

 
—

 
—

 
2,519

 
—

 
—

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
20,706

 
59

 
53

 
20,374

 
175

 
150

Other consumer
 
827

 
3

 
4

 
950

 
10

 
10

Total
 
$
52,514

 
$
106

 
$
93

 
$
44,518

 
$
492

 
$
458

September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
5,423

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
5,552

 
$
4

 
$
4

SBA
 
1,240

 
—

 
—

 
756

 
—

 
—

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
20,908

 
60

 
50

 
20,299

 
175

 
146

Other consumer
 
744

 
3

 
4

 
751

 
9

 
9

Total
 
$
28,315

 
$
63

 
$
54

 
$
27,358

 
$
188

 
$
159




25

Past Due Loans
The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans, excluding accrued interest receivable (which is not considered to be material), by class of loans as of dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
30 - 59 Days Past Due
 
60 - 89 Days Past Due
 
Greater than 89 Days Past due
 
Total Past Due
 
Current
 
Total
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NTM loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
$
9,821

 
$
11,112

 
$
827

 
$
21,760

 
$
629,407

 
$
651,167

Other consumer
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,308

 
2,308

Total NTM loans
 
9,821

 
11,112

 
827

 
21,760

 
631,715

 
653,475

Traditional loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
776

 
2,890

 
1,577

 
5,243

 
1,784,235

 
1,789,478

Commercial real estate
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
891,029

 
891,029

Multifamily
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,563,757

 
1,563,757

SBA
 
377

 
230

 
1,762

 
2,369

 
72,990

 
75,359

Construction
 
—

 
—

 
2,519

 
2,519

 
226,042

 
228,561

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
11,999

 
1,370

 
10,318

 
23,687

 
1,101,099

 
1,124,786

Other consumer
 
547

 
—

 
217

 
764

 
56,050

 
56,814

Total traditional loans
 
13,699

 
4,490

 
16,393

 
34,582

 
5,695,202

 
5,729,784

Total
 
$
23,520

 
$
15,602

 
$
17,220

 
$
56,342

 
$
6,326,917

 
$
6,383,259

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NTM loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
$
7,430

 
$
617

 
$
—

 
$
8,047

 
$
816,271

 
$
824,318

Other consumer
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,413

 
2,413

Total NTM loans
 
7,430

 
617

 
—

 
8,047

 
818,684

 
826,731

Traditional loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
350

 
1,596

 
3,340

 
5,286

 
1,938,856

 
1,944,142

Commercial real estate
 
—

 
582

 
—

 
582

 
866,431

 
867,013

Multifamily
 
356

 
—

 
—

 
356

 
2,240,890

 
2,241,246

SBA
 
551

 
77

 
862

 
1,490

 
67,251

 
68,741

Construction
 
—

 
939

 
—

 
939

 
203,037

 
203,976

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
7,321

 
3,160

 
9,198

 
19,679

 
1,461,493

 
1,481,172

Other consumer
 
3,132

 
573

 
446

 
4,151

 
63,701

 
67,852

Total traditional loans
 
11,710

 
6,927

 
13,846

 
32,483

 
6,841,659

 
6,874,142

Total
 
$
19,140

 
$
7,544

 
$
13,846

 
$
40,530

 
$
7,660,343

 
$
7,700,873


26

Non-accrual Loans
The following table presents non-accrual loans as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
NTM Loans
 
Traditional Loans
 
Total
 
NTM Loans
 
Traditional Loans
 
Total
Non-accrual loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
—

 
$
20,762

 
$
20,762

 
$
—

 
$
5,455

 
$
5,455

Commercial real estate
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

SBA
—

 
5,773

 
5,773

 
—

 
2,574

 
2,574

Construction
—

 
2,519

 
2,519

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
1,110

 
14,477

 
15,587

 
—

 
12,929

 
12,929

Other consumer
—

 
528

 
528

 
—

 
627

 
627

Total non-accrual loans
$
1,110

 
$
44,059

 
$
45,169

 
$
—

 
$
21,585

 
$
21,585


At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, zero and $470 thousand of loans were past due 90 days or more and still accruing.
Loans in Process of Foreclosure
At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, consumer mortgage loans of $10.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively, were secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
A modification of a loan constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including reduction in the stated interest rate, reduction in the amount of principal amortization, forgiveness of a portion of the loan balance or accrued interest, or extension of the maturity date. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Company’s internal underwriting policy.
TDR loans consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
NTM Loans
 
Traditional Loans
 
Total
 
NTM Loans
 
Traditional Loans
 
Total
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
—

 
$
15,790

 
$
15,790

 
$
—

 
$
2,276

 
$
2,276

SBA
 
—

 
266

 
266

 
—

 
187

 
187

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
2,646

 
2,408

 
5,054

 
2,668

 
2,596

 
5,264

Other consumer
 
294

 
—

 
294

 
294

 
—

 
294

Total
 
$
2,940

 
$
18,464

 
$
21,404

 
$
2,962

 
$
5,059

 
$
8,021


The Company had commitments to lend to customers with outstanding loans that were classified as TDRs of $135 thousand and zero as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018, respectively. Accruing TDRs were $6.8 million and non-accrual TDRs were $14.6 million at September 30, 2019 compared to accruing TDRs of $5.7 million and non-accrual TDRs of $2.3 million at December 31, 2018. The increase in TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to one commercial and industrial relationship.

27

The following table summarizes the pre-modification and post-modification balances of the new TDRs for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
($ in thousands)
 
Number of Loans
 
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Number of Loans
 
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial(1)
 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
10

 
$
17,339

 
$
14,692

SBA
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
3,214

 
869

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other consumer
 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Total
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12

 
$
20,553

 
$
15,561

September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
2

 
$
171

 
$
163

Total
 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
2

 
$
171

 
$
163

(1)
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment reflects a $2.3 million principal repayment by the borrower, which was a condition precedent to the modification.
The Company considers a TDR to be in payment default once it becomes 30 days or more past due following a modification. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no loans that were modified as TDRs during the past 12 months that had subsequent payment defaults during the periods.
The following table summarizes TDRs by modification type for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
Modification Type
 
 
Change in Principal Payments and Interest Rates
 
Change in Principal Payments
 
Total
($ in thousands)
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Count
 
Amount
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—



28

 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
Modification Type
 
 
Change in Principal Payments and Interest Rates
 
Change in Principal Payments
 
Total
($ in thousands)
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Count
 
Amount
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
10

 
$
14,692

 
—

 
$
—

 
10

 
$
14,692

SBA
 
2

 
$
869

 
—

 
$
—

 
2

 
$
869

Total
 
12

 
$
15,561

 
—

 
$
—

 
12

 
$
15,561

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
—

 
$
—

 
2

 
$
163

 
2

 
$
163

Total
 
—

 
$
—

 
2

 
$
163

 
2

 
$
163


Credit Quality Indicators
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company performs historical loss analysis that is combined with a comprehensive loan or lease to value analysis to analyze the associated risks in the current loan and lease portfolio. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes all loans delinquent over 60 days and non-homogeneous loans such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Pass: Loans classified as pass are in compliance in all respects with the Bank’s credit policy and regulatory requirements, and do not exhibit any potential or defined weakness as defined under “Special Mention”, “Substandard” or “Doubtful”.
Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

29

The following table presents the risk categories for total loans as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
Pass
 
Special Mention
 
Substandard
 
Doubtful
 
Total
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NTM loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
$
633,950

 
$
5,173

 
$
12,044

 
$
—

 
$
651,167

Other consumer
 
2,308

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,308

Total NTM loans
 
636,258

 
5,173

 
12,044

 
—

 
653,475

Traditional loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
1,673,655

 
77,431

 
38,392

 
—

 
1,789,478

Commercial real estate
 
887,232

 
2,520

 
1,277

 
—

 
891,029

Multifamily
 
1,551,231

 
8,428

 
4,098

 
—

 
1,563,757

SBA
 
63,543

 
3,120

 
7,894

 
802

 
75,359

Construction
 
219,056

 
6,986

 
2,519

 
—

 
228,561

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
1,100,990

 
4,291

 
18,988

 
517

 
1,124,786

Other consumer
 
55,947

 
317

 
550

 
—

 
56,814

Total traditional loans
 
5,551,654

 
103,093

 
73,718

 
1,319

 
5,729,784

Total
 
$
6,187,912

 
$
108,266

 
$
85,762

 
$
1,319

 
$
6,383,259

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NTM loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
$
811,056

 
$
10,966

 
$
2,296

 
$
—

 
$
824,318

Other consumer
 
2,413

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,413

Total NTM loans
 
813,469

 
10,966

 
2,296

 
—

 
826,731

Traditional loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
1,859,569

 
41,302

 
43,271

 
—

 
1,944,142

Commercial real estate
 
851,604

 
11,376

 
4,033

 
—

 
867,013

Multifamily
 
2,239,301

 
—

 
1,945

 
—

 
2,241,246

SBA
 
53,433

 
6,114

 
8,340

 
854

 
68,741

Construction
 
197,851

 
3,606

 
2,519

 
—

 
203,976

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
1,461,721

 
2,602

 
16,849

 
—

 
1,481,172

Other consumer
 
66,228

 
979

 
645

 
—

 
67,852

Total traditional loans
 
6,729,707

 
65,979

 
77,602

 
854

 
6,874,142

Total
 
$
7,543,176

 
$
76,945

 
$
79,898

 
$
854

 
$
7,700,873





30

Purchases, Sales, and Transfers
From time to time, the Company purchases and sells loans in the secondary market. Certain loans are transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value and any reductions in value on transfer are reflected as write-downs to allowance for loan losses. The Company had no purchases of loans, excluding loans held-for-sale, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The following table presents loans transferred from (to) loans held-for-sale by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
($ in thousands)
 
Transfers from Held-For-Sale
 
Transfers (to) Held-For-Sale
 
Transfers from Held-For-Sale
 
Transfers (to) Held-For-Sale
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(573
)
Multifamily
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(752,087
)
SBA
 
—

 
(559
)
 
—

 
(559
)
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(374,679
)
Total
 
$
—

 
$
(559
)
 
$
—

 
$
(1,127,898
)
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
—

 
$
(1,133
)
 
$
—

 
$
(1,133
)
Multifamily
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(71,449
)
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
—

 
(18,886
)
 
—

 
(154,899
)
Other consumer
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,362
)
Total
 
$
—

 
$
(20,019
)
 
$
—

 
$
(231,843
)


Included in transfers to loans held for sale for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is $573.9 million in multifamily loans from loans held-for-investment related to our completed Freddie Mac multifamily securitization which closed during the third quarter of 2019. The loans included in the securitization had a weighted average coupon of 3.79% and a weighted average term to initial reset of 3.5 years. The related mortgage servicing rights were also sold.

In connection with the securitization, during the second quarter of 2019, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value of $543.4 million to offset variability in the fair value of the related loans as a result of changes in market interest rates. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized a gain of $603 thousand and loss of $9.0 million, respectively, related to these swap agreements. The $9.0 million loss on these interest rate swap agreements was due to a decline in interest rates since their execution and was offset by the $8.9 million gross gain realized on the loans sold into the securitization during the third quarter of 2019.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $144 thousand and $374.8 million, respectively, in single family residential loans, resulting in a (loss) gain of $(150) thousand and $1.6 million, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $573.5 million and $751.6 million, respectively, in multifamily residential loans, resulting in a gross gain of $8.9 million and $11.7 million, respectively.
NOTE 6 – LEASES

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices, branches and loan production offices. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of one month to twenty years, some of which include options to extend the leases generally for periods of three years to five years. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

31

The components of lease expense were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2019
Operating Lease Expense
 
$
1,557

 
$
5,053

Variable Lease Expense
 
89

 
267

Sublease Income
 
—

 
(250
)
Total Lease Expense
 
$
1,646

 
$
5,070

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for operating leases:
 
 
 
 
Operating cash flows
 
$
1,673

 
$
5,292

ROU assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities:
 
 
 
 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
 
$
1,243

 
$
5,332

ROU assets recognized upon adoption of new lease standard
 
$
—

 
$
23,332


Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
Operating Leases:
 
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
 
$
23,907

Operating lease liabilities
 
25,210

 
 
September 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years):
 
 
Operating leases
 
6.74 years

Weighted-average discount rate:
 
 
Operating leases
 
2.90
%


Maturities of lease liabilities at September 30, 2019 were as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
Operating
Leases
Remainder of 2019
 
$
1,697

2020
 
6,727

2021
 
4,965

2022
 
3,387

2023
 
2,578

2024
 
1,710

Thereafter
 
7,046

Total lease payments
 
28,110

Less: present value discount
 
(2,900
)
Total Lease Liability
 
$
25,210



32

NOTE 7 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had goodwill of $37.1 million. The Company evaluates goodwill impairment as of August 31 each year, and more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. The Company completed its most recent annual goodwill impairment test as of August 31, 2019 and determined that no goodwill impairment existed.
Core deposit intangibles are amortized over their useful lives ranging from four to ten years. As of September 30, 2019, the weighted average remaining amortization period for core deposit intangibles was approximately 4.9 years.
($ in thousands)
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Value
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core deposit intangibles
 
$
30,904

 
$
26,299

 
$
4,605

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core deposit intangibles
 
$
30,904

 
$
24,558

 
$
6,346


Aggregate amortization of intangible assets was $500 thousand and $693 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively and $1.7 million and $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following table presents estimated future amortization expenses as of September 30, 2019:
($ in thousands)
 
Remainder of 2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
2023
 
2024 and After
 
Total
Estimated future amortization expense
 
$
454

 
$
1,518

 
$
1,082

 
$
799

 
$
517

 
$
235

 
$
4,605


NOTE 8 – FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES AND OTHER BORROWINGS
The following table presents the Company's advances from the FHLB as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Fixed rate:
 
 
 
 
Outstanding balance
 
$
980,000

 
$
805,000

Interest rates ranging from
 
1.81
%
 
1.61
%
Interest rates ranging to
 
3.32
%
 
3.32
%
Weighted average interest rate
 
2.51
%
 
2.58
%
Variable rate:
 
 
 
 
Outstanding balance
 
670,000

 
715,000

Weighted average interest rate
 
2.08
%
 
2.56
%

Each advance is payable at its maturity date. Advances paid early are subject to a prepayment penalty. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Bank’s advances from the FHLB were collateralized by certain real estate loans with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $3.13 billion and $4.05 billion, respectively. The Bank’s investment in capital stock of the FHLB of San Francisco totaled $44.6 million and $41.0 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Based on this collateral and the Bank’s holdings of FHLB stock, the Bank was eligible to borrow an additional $874.6 million at September 30, 2019.
The Bank maintained a line of credit of $21.0 million from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, to which the Bank pledged securities with a carrying value of $28.3 million, with no outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2019. The Bank maintained available unsecured federal funds lines with correspondent banks totaling $185.0 million, with no outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2019.
The Bank also maintained repurchase agreements and had no outstanding securities sold under agreements to repurchase at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Availabilities and terms on repurchase agreements are subject to the counterparties' discretion and the pledging of additional investment securities.
On February 14, 2019, the Company entered into a new line of credit for $15.0 million, which bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.00% and has a maturity date of February 13, 2020. At September 30, 2019, total borrowings under the line of credit were $0.

33

NOTE 9 – LONG-TERM DEBT
The following table presents the Company's long-term debt as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Par Value
 
Unamortized Debt Issuance Cost and Discount
 
Par Value
 
Unamortized Debt Issuance Cost and Discount
5.25% senior notes due April 15, 2025
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,661
)
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,826
)
Total
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,661
)
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,826
)

Senior Notes
On April 6, 2015, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.25 percent senior notes due April 15, 2025 (the Senior Notes). Net proceeds after discount were approximately $172.8 million.
The Senior Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured debt obligations and rank equally with all of the Company’s other present and future unsecured unsubordinated obligations. The Company makes interest payments on the Senior Notes semi-annually in arrears.
The Company may, at its option, on or after January 15, 2025 (i.e., 90 days prior to the maturity date of the Senior Notes), redeem the Senior Notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time, in each case on not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice. The Senior Notes will be redeemable at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the Senior Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.
The Senior Notes were issued under the Senior Debt Securities Indenture, dated as of April 23, 2012 (the Base Indenture), as supplemented by the Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 6, 2015 (the Supplemental Indenture and together with the Base Indenture, the Indenture). The Indenture contains several covenants which, among other things, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s subsidiaries to dispose of or incur liens on the voting stock of certain subsidiaries and also contains customary events of default. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Indenture at September 30, 2019.
NOTE 10 – INCOME TAXES
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 income tax (benefit) expense, on a consolidated operations basis, was $(5.6) million and $1.4 million, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 28.4% and 12.9%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 income tax expense (benefit), on a consolidated operations basis, was $3.6 million and $(102) thousand, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 24.3% and (0.3)%, respectively. During 2019, the Company had a reduction in the recognition of year-to-date tax credits from the investments in alternative energy partnerships of $412 thousand and $9.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively, of tax credits recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company uses the flow-through income statement method to account for the investment tax credits earned on the solar investments. Under this method, investment tax credits are recognized as a reduction to income tax expense and the initial book-tax difference in the basis of the investments are recognized as additional tax expense in the year they are earned.
The Company accounts for income taxes by recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon temporary differences between the amounts for financial reporting purposes and tax basis of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management will continue to evaluate both positive and negative evidence on a quarterly basis, including the reversal of its taxable temporary differences, the existence of its historical earnings, the amounts of future projected earnings as well as the tax expiration periods of its income tax credits. Based on this analysis, management determined that it was more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets would be realized; therefore, no valuation allowance was provided against the net deferred tax assets of $46.0 million and $49.4 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The overall decrease in net deferred tax assets was primarily due to increases of $2.0 million in deferred tax liabilities resulting from year-to-date temporary book-tax differences and an increase of $6.1 million in deferred tax liabilities from the decrease of unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale, as well as a $4.6 million reclass of tax credit to deferred tax assets.
ASC 740-10-25 relates to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740-10-25 prescribes a threshold and a measurement process for recognizing in the financial statements a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $1.3 million and $1.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company does not expect the total amount of

34

unrecognized tax benefits to significantly change in the next twelve months. As of September 30, 2019, the total unrecognized tax benefit that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate was $1.1 million. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties. In the event the Company is assessed interest and/or penalties by federal or state tax authorities, such amounts will be classified in the consolidated financial statements as income tax expense.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. Federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple state jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to the assessment of U.S. federal income tax for years before 2015. The statute of limitations for the assessment of California Franchise taxes has expired for tax years before 2014 (other state income and franchise tax statutes of limitations vary by state).
NOTE 11 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company uses derivative instruments and other risk management techniques to reduce its exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates in accordance with its risk management policies.
Interest Rate Swaps and Caps on Loans: The Company offers interest rate swap and cap products to certain loan customers to allow them to hedge the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. When such products are issued, the Company also enters into an offsetting swap with institutional counterparties to eliminate the interest rate risk. These back-to-back derivative agreements, which generate fee income for the Company, are intended to offset each other. The Company retains the credit risk of the original loan. The net cash flow for the Company is equal to the interest income received from a variable rate loan originated with the customer plus the fee. These swaps and caps are not designated as accounting hedges and are recorded at fair value in Other Assets and Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The changes in fair value are recorded in Other Income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, changes in fair value recorded through Other Income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations were immaterial.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, other income also includes a $603 thousand gain and $9.0 million loss on interest rate swaps related to the Freddie Mac multifamily securitization in which we sold the associated mortgage servicing rights. The $9.0 million unrealized loss on these interest rate swaps was due to a decline in interest rates since their execution and was offset by the $8.9 million gross gain realized on the loans sold into the securitization in the third quarter of 2019. 
Interest Rate Swaps and Caps on Mortgage-backed Securities: During the third quarter, the Company partially hedged the fair value of the MBS portfolio using interest rate swaps. At the end of the quarter, the Company took advantage of the decline in long term interest rates and sold the majority of the MBS portfolio and unwound the majority of the interest rate swaps. The remaining balance of the MBS portfolio and the related interest rate swap is expected to be sold and unwound in the fourth quarter 2019. The unsold portion of the MBS portfolio has been deemed other–than–temporarily impaired and, along with the fair value adjustment on the swap, has been recorded as a loss in noninterest income with a net impact of $731 thousand and is included in the carrying value of MBS.
Foreign Exchange Contracts: The Company offers short-term foreign exchange contracts to its customers to purchase and/or sell foreign currencies at set rates in the future. These products allow customers to hedge the foreign exchange rate risk of their deposits and loans denominated in foreign currencies. In conjunction with these products the Company also enters into offsetting contracts with institutional counterparties to hedge the Company’s foreign exchange rate risk. These back-to-back contracts allow the Company to offer its customers foreign exchange products while minimizing its exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. These foreign exchange contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are recorded at fair value in Other Assets and Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, changes in fair value recorded through Other Income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations were immaterial.

35

The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of derivative instruments included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of the dates indicated.
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Notional Amount
 
Fair Value(1)
 
Notional Amount
 
Fair Value(1)
Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps on loans
 
$
101,253

 
$
4,773

 
$
103,812

 
$
1,534

Foreign exchange contracts
 
494

 
36

 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
101,747

 
$
4,809

 
$
103,812

 
$
1,534

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps on loans
 
$
101,253

 
$
5,198

 
$
103,812

 
1,600

Interest rate swaps on mortgage-backed securities
 
14,469

 
325

 
—

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts
 
494

 
30

 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
116,216

 
$
5,553

 
$
103,812

 
$
1,600


(1)
The fair value of interest rate swaps and cap on loans are included in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of interest rate swaps on mortgage-backed securities are include in the carrying value of mortgage-backed securities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Company has entered into agreements with counterparty financial institutions, which include master netting agreements that provide for the net settlement of all contracts with a single counterparty in the event of default. However, the Company elected to account for all derivatives with counterparty institutions on a gross basis. Due to clearinghouse rule changes, variation margin payments are treated as settlements of derivative exposure rather than as collateral.
NOTE 12 – EMPLOYEE STOCK COMPENSATION
On May 31, 2018 (the Effective Date), the Company's stockholders approved the Company's 2018 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (2018 Omnibus Plan). As of the Effective Date, the Company discontinued granting awards under the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2013 Omnibus Plan) or any prior equity incentive plans and future stock-based compensation awards to its directors and employees will be made pursuant to the 2018 Omnibus Plan. The 2018 Omnibus Plan provides that the maximum number of shares that will be available for awards is 4,417,882, which represents the number of shares that were available for new awards under the 2013 Omnibus Plan immediately prior to the Effective Date. As of September 30, 2019, 3,623,697 shares were available for future awards.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense and the related tax benefits for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Stock options
 
$
3

 
$
32

 
$
(13
)
 
$
145

Restricted stock awards and units
 
1,491

 
1,366

 
3,857

 
5,128

Total share-based compensation expense
 
$
1,494

 
$
1,398

 
$
3,844

 
$
5,273

Related tax benefits
 
$
439

 
$
410

 
$
1,130

 
$
1,546


The following table presents unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of September 30, 2019:
($ in thousands)
 
Unrecognized Expense
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Expected Recognition Period
Stock option awards
 
$
9

 
0.8 years
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
 
11,399

 
2.3 years
Total
 
$
11,408

 
2.3 years

Stock Options

36

The Company has issued stock options to certain employees, officers and directors. Stock options are issued at the closing market price immediately before the grant date, and generally have a three to five year vesting period and contractual terms of seven to ten years. The Company recognizes an income tax deduction upon exercise of a stock option to the extent taxable income is recognized by the option holder. In the case of a non-qualified stock option, the option holder recognizes taxable income based on the fair market value of the shares acquired at the time of exercise less the exercise price.
The following table represents stock option activity for the three months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
($ in thousands except per share data)
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contract Term
 
Aggregated Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at beginning of period
 
135,521

 
$
13.65

 
5.1 years
 
 
Exercised
 
(73,000
)
 
$
13.47

 
5.6 years
 
 
Forfeited
 
—

 
$
—

 
0.0 years
 
 
Outstanding at end of period
 
62,521

 
$
13.85

 
4.6 years
 
$
18

Exercisable at end of period
 
59,149

 
$
13.86

 
4.5 years
 
$
17


The following table represents stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
($ in thousands except per share data)
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contract Term
 
Aggregated Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at beginning of period
 
186,973

 
$
13.54

 
5.8 years
 


Exercised
 
(74,836
)
 
$
13.41

 
5.2 years
 
 
Forfeited
 
(49,616
)
 
$
13.34

 
6.1 years
 


Outstanding at end of period
 
62,521

 
$
13.85

 
4.6 years
 
$
18

Exercisable at end of period
 
59,149

 
$
13.86

 
4.5 years
 
$
17


The following table sets forth information regarding unvested stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period
 
7,848

 
$
13.35

 
63,848

 
$
13.30

Vested
 
(4,476
)
 
$
13.05

 
(16,476
)
 
$
13.22

Forfeited
 
—

 
$
—

 
(44,000
)
 
$
13.29

Outstanding at end of period
 
3,372

 
$
13.75

 
3,372

 
$
13.75


Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units
The Company also has granted restricted stock awards and restricted stock units to certain employees, officers and directors. The restricted stock awards and units are valued at the closing price of the Company’s stock on the measurement date. The restricted stock awards and units fully vest after a specified period (generally ranging from one to five years) of continued service from the date of grant plus, in some cases, the satisfaction of performance conditions. These performance targets include conditions relating to the Company’s profitability and regulatory standing. The actual amounts of stock released upon vesting will be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors upon the Committee's certification of the satisfaction of the target level of performance. The Company recognizes an income tax deduction in an amount equal to the taxable income reported by the holders of the restricted stock, generally upon vesting or, in the case of restricted stock units, when settled. The following table presents unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units

37

activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period
 
1,106,854

 
$
15.93

 
833,601

 
$
19.02

Granted (1)
 
49,191

 
$
14.84

 
772,589

 
$
14.36

Vested (2)
 
(25,522
)
 
$
15.11

 
(240,779
)
 
$
18.54

Forfeited (3)
 
(63,512
)
 
$
16.62

 
(298,400
)
 
$
18.64

Outstanding at end of period
 
1,067,011

 
$
15.86

 
1,067,011

 
$
15.86


(1)
There were 23,540 and 174,935 performance-based shares/units included in shares granted for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
(2)
There were 0 and 37,572 performance-based shares/units included in vested shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
(3)
The number of forfeited shares includes aggregate performance-based shares/units of 28,617 and 171,150 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
Stock Appreciation Rights
On August 21, 2012, the Company granted to the then-acting chief executive officer, Steven A. Sugarman, a ten-year stock appreciation right (SAR).
The following table represents SARs activity and the weighted average exercise price per share as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
($ in thousands except per share data)
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contract Term
 
Aggregated Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at beginning of period
 
1,559,012

 
$
11.60

 
3.2 years
 
$
3,691

Outstanding at end of period
 
1,559,012

 
$
11.60

 
2.9 years
 
$
3,956

Exercisable at end of period
 
1,559,012

 
$
11.60

 
2.9 years
 
$
3,956


The following table represents SARs activity and the weighted average exercise price per share as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands except per share data)
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contract Term
 
Aggregated Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at beginning of period
 
1,559,012

 
$
11.60

 
3.6 years
 
$
2,662

Outstanding at end of period
 
1,559,012

 
$
11.60

 
2.9 years
 
$
3,956

Exercisable at end of period
 
1,559,012

 
$
11.60

 
2.9 years
 
$
3,956


NOTE 13 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Warrants
On November 1, 2010, the Company issued warrants to COR Advisors LLC (COR Advisors), an entity controlled by Steven A. Sugarman, who became a director of the Company on that date and later became President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company (and resigned from those and all other positions with the Company and the Bank on January 23, 2017). The warrants entitled COR Advisors to purchase up to 1,395,000 shares of non-voting common stock at an exercise price of $11.00 per share, subject to certain adjustments to the number of shares underlying the warrants as well as certain adjustments to the warrant exercise price as applicable. On August 3, 2011, COR Advisors transferred warrants for the right to purchase 960,000 shares of non-voting common stock to COR Capital Holdings LLC (COR Capital Holdings), an entity controlled by Steven A.

38

Sugarman, and transferred warrants for the right to purchase the remaining 435,000 shares of non-voting common stock to Jeffrey T. Seabold, the Company's then- (now former) Executive Vice President and Management Vice-Chair.
On August 22, 2012, COR Capital Holdings transferred its warrants for the right to purchase 960,000 shares of non-voting common stock to a living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse. These warrants vested in tranches, with each tranche being exercisable for 5 years after the tranche's vesting date. With respect to the warrants transferred by COR Capital Holdings to the living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse, warrants to purchase 50,000 shares vested on October 1, 2011 and the remainder vested in seven equal quarterly installments beginning January 1, 2012 and ending on July 1, 2013. With respect to the warrants transferred by COR Advisors to Mr. Seabold, warrants to purchase 95,000 shares vested on January 1, 2011; warrants to acquire 130,000 shares vested on each of April 1 and July 1, 2011, and warrants to purchase 80,000 shares vested on October 1, 2011.
On August 17, 2016, the living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse transferred warrants to purchase 480,000 shares to Steven A. Sugarman's brother, Jason Sugarman. These transferred warrants were last exercisable on September 30, 2016, December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and September 30, 2017 for 50,000, 130,000, 130,000, 130,000, and 40,000 shares, respectively. On August 17, 2016, Jason Sugarman irrevocably elected to fully exercise each tranche of the transferred warrants. Under his irrevocable election, Jason Sugarman directed that each such exercise would occur on the last exercisable date for each tranche using a cashless (net) exercise method and also directed that each exercise be for either non-voting common stock, or, if allowed under the terms of the warrant, for voting common stock. At September 30, 2016, December 31, 2016, March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and September 30, 2017, in accordance with Jason Sugarman’s irrevocable election, warrants to purchase 50,000, 130,000, 130,000,130,000, and 40,000 shares, respectively, had been exercised, resulting in issuances of 25,051 and 64,962 shares of the Company's voting common stock and 75,875, 77,376 and 23,237 shares of the Company's non-voting common stock, respectively. Based on automatic adjustments to the original $11.00 exercise price, the exercise price at the time of exercise was $8.80, $8.72, $8.66, $8.61 and $8.55 per share, respectively. As a result of these exercises, Jason Sugarman no longer holds any warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s stock. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, based on additional documentation received from Jason Sugarman, it was determined that Jason Sugarman was eligible to receive voting common stock under the terms of the transferred warrant for the exercises that previously occurred on March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and September 30, 2017. Accordingly, on June 6, 2018, an aggregate of 176,488 shares of the Company's non-voting common stock owned by Jason Sugarman were canceled and he was issued 176,488 shares of the Company's voting common stock in lieu thereof.
On August 16, 2016, the living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse irrevocably elected to exercise its warrants to purchase 480,000 shares. Under its irrevocable election, the living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse directed that each such exercise would occur on the last exercisable date for each tranche of such warrants (September 30, 2017, December 31, 2017, March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 with respect to 90,000, 130,000, 130,000, and 130,000 shares, respectively) using a cashless net exercise method and also directed that each exercise be for non-voting common stock. On September 30, 2017, in accordance with its irrevocable election, warrants to purchase 90,000 shares were exercised by the living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse, resulting in the issuance of 52,284 shares of the Company's non-voting common stock. Based on an automatic adjustment to the original $11.00 exercise price, the exercise price at the time of exercise was $8.55 per share.
On each of December 27, 2017, March 30, 2018 and June 29, 2018, the Company was notified that the living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse purportedly transferred warrants with respect to 130,000 shares, with a last exercisable date of December 31, 2017, 130,000 shares with a last exercisable date of March 31, 2018 and 130,000 shares with a last exercisable date of June 30, 2018, respectively, to a separate entity, Sugarman Family Partners. In accordance with the irrevocable election to exercise previously submitted by the living trust for Steven A. Sugarman and his spouse, the Company considered these transferred warrants to have been exercised with respect to 130,000 shares on December 31, 2017, 130,000 shares on March 31, 2018 and 130,000 shares on June 30, 2018, respectively, resulting in the issuance of 77,413, 72,159, and 73,543 shares of the Company's non-voting common stock, respectively, on December 31, 2017, April 2, 2018 and July 2, 2018, respectively. Based on an automatic adjustment to the original $11.00 exercise price, the exercise price at the time of exercise was $8.49 per share, $8.44 per share and $8.38 per share, respectively. As a result of these exercises, none of these warrants remain outstanding.
On December 8, 2015, March 9, 2016, June 17, 2016, and September 30, 2016, Mr. Seabold exercised his warrants with respect to 95,000, 130,000, 130,000, and 80,000 shares, respectively, using cashless (net) exercises, resulting in a net number of shares of non-voting common stock issued in the aggregate of 37,355, 53,711, 70,775, and 40,081, respectively. Based on automatic adjustments to the original $11.00 exercise price, the exercise price at the time of exercise was $9.04, $8.90, $8.84, and $8.80 per share, respectively. As a result of these exercises, Mr. Seabold no longer holds any warrants to purchase shares of the Company's stock.
Under the terms of the respective warrants, the warrants were exercisable for voting common stock in lieu of non-voting common stock following a transfer of the warrants under certain circumstances described in the terms of the warrants. The

39

terms and issuance of the foregoing warrants were approved by the Company's stockholders at a special meeting held on October 25, 2010.
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock with par value of $0.01 per share. Preferred shares outstanding rank senior to common shares both as to dividends and liquidation preference but generally have no voting rights. All of the Company's outstanding shares of preferred stock have a $1,000 per share liquidation preference. The following table presents the Company's total outstanding preferred stock as of dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Shares Outstanding
 
Liquidation Preference
 
Carrying Value
 
Shares Outstanding
 
Liquidation Preference
 
Carrying Value
Series D
7.375% non-cumulative perpetual
 
96,629

 
$
96,629

 
$
93,162

 
115,000

 
$
115,000

 
$
110,873

Series E
7.00% non-cumulative perpetual
 
100,477

 
100,477

 
96,663

 
125,000

 
125,000

 
120,255

Total
 
197,106

 
$
197,106

 
$
189,825

 
240,000

 
$
240,000

 
$
231,128


On September 17, 2018, the Company completed the redemption of all 40,250 outstanding shares of the Company's 8.00 percent Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (Series C Preferred Stock), which resulted in the simultaneous redemption of all 1,610,000 of the outstanding related depositary shares (Series C Depository Shares), each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Series C Preferred Stock, at a redemption price of the liquidation amount of $1,000 per share of Series C Preferred Stock (equivalent to $25 per Series C Depository Share). The redemption price represented an aggregate amount of $40.3 million and did not accrue interest from and following the regularly scheduled dividend payment date of September 15, 2018. Deferred stock issuance costs of $2.3 million originally recorded as a reduction to preferred stock upon issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock were reclassified to retained earnings and resulted in a non-cash reduction to net income allocated to common stockholders.
On August 23, 2019, the Company completed a tender offer for depositary shares (Series D Depositary Shares), each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Series D Preferred Stock, liquidation amount of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred Stock, resulting in the repurchase of 734,823 outstanding Series D Depository Shares and the related retirement of 18,371 outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock. The repurchase price aggregated to $19.4 million. The $1.7 million difference between the consideration paid and the carrying value of the Series D Preferred Stock was reclassified to retained earnings and resulted in a non-cash reduction to net income allocated to common stockholders.
On August 23, 2019, the Company completed a tender offer for depositary shares (Series E Depositary Shares), each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Series E Preferred Stock, liquidation amount of $1,000 per share of Series E Preferred Stock, resulting in the repurchase of 980,928 outstanding Series E Depository Shares and the related retirement of 24,523 outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock. The repurchase price aggregated $26.6 million. The $3.4 million difference between the consideration paid and the carrying value of the Series E Preferred Stock was reclassified to retained earnings and resulted in a non-cash reduction to net income allocated to common stockholders.

Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The Company’s AOCI includes unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale. Changes to AOCI are presented net of tax effect as a component of stockholders' equity. Reclassifications from AOCI are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of

40

Operations either as a gain or loss. The following table presents changes to AOCI for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
(12,668
)
 
$
(19,370
)
 
$
(24,117
)
 
$
5,227

Unrealized gain (loss) arising during the period
 
(1,408
)
 
(3,633
)
 
15,014

 
(34,111
)
Impairment loss on investment securities
 
731

 
—

 
731

 
—

Reclassification adjustment from other comprehensive income
 
5,063

 
(13
)
 
4,855

 
(5,532
)
Tax effect of current period changes
 
(1,289
)
 
1,069

 
(6,054
)
 
11,973

Total changes, net of taxes
 
3,097

 
(2,577
)
 
14,546

 
(27,670
)
Reclassification of stranded tax effects to retained earnings
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
496

Balance at end of period
 
$
(9,571
)
 
$
(21,947
)
 
$
(9,571
)
 
$
(21,947
)

NOTE 14 – VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company holds ownership interests in alternative energy partnerships and qualified affordable housing partnerships and has a variable interest in a multifamily securitization trust. The Company evaluates its interests in these entities to determine whether they meet the definition of a variable interest entity (VIE) and whether the Company is required to consolidate these entities. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which is the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIE. To determine whether or not a variable interest the Company holds could potentially be significant to the VIE, the Company considers both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of the Company's involvement with the VIE. The Company has determined that its interests in these entities meet the definition of variable interests.
Unconsolidated VIEs
Multifamily Securitization
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company transferred $573.5 million of multifamily loans, through a two-step process, to a third-party depositor which placed the multifamily loans into a third-party trust (a VIE) that issued structured pass-through certificates to investors. The transfer of these loans was accounted for as a sale for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC 860. The Company determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of this VIE as it does not have the power to direct the activities that will have the most significant economic impact on the entity. Our continuing involvement in this securitization is limited to customary obligations associated with the securitization of loans, including the obligation to cure, repurchase or substitute loans in the event of a material breach in representations. Additionally, the Company has the obligation to guarantee credit losses up to 12 percent of the aggregate unpaid principal balances at cut-off date of the securitization. This obligation is supported by a $68.8 million letter of credit between the Freddie Mac and the FHLB.
The maximum loss exposure that would be absorbed by the Company in the event that all of the assets in the securitization trust are deemed worthless is $68.8 million, which represents the aforementioned Company’s obligation to guarantee credit losses up to 12 percent. The Company believes that the loss exposure on its multifamily securitization is reduced by both loan-to-value ratios of the underlying collateral balances and the overcollateralization that exists within the securitization trust. At September 30, 2019, the Company has recognized a $4.4 million repurchase liability related to this VIE.
Alternative Energy Partnerships
The Company invests in certain alternative energy partnerships (limited liability companies) formed to provide sustainable energy projects that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits (energy tax credits). These entities were formed to invest in either newly installed residential rooftop solar leases and power purchase agreements or newly installed ground mount solar power purchase agreements. As a result of its investments, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits (recognized on the flow through and income statement method in accordance with ASC 740), and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to customers for a fixed period of time.
While the Company's interest in the alternative energy partnerships meets the definition of a VIE in accordance with ASC 810, the Company has determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary because the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities including operational and credit risk management activities. As the Company is not the primary beneficiary, the Company did not consolidate the entities. The

41

Company uses the Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (HLBV) method to account for these investments in energy tax credits as an equity investment under ASC 970-323-25-17. Under the HLBV method, an equity method investor determines its share of an investee's earnings by comparing its claim on the investee's book value at the beginning and end of the period, assuming the investee were to liquidate all assets at their U.S. GAAP amounts and distribute the resulting cash to creditors and investors under their respective priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions, is the Company’s share of the earnings or losses from the equity investment for the period. To account for the tax credits earned on investments in alternative energy partnerships, the Company uses the flow-through income statement method. Under this method, the tax credits are recognized as a reduction to income tax expense and the initial book-tax differences in the basis of the investments are recognized as additional tax expense in the year they are earned.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company funded zero and $235 thousand for its alternative energy partnerships and did not receive any return of capital from its alternative energy partnerships. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company received a return of capital of zero and funded zero, respectively, from and into these partnerships. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company received a return of capital of $1.0 million and funded zero, respectively, from and into these partnerships.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized a (gain) loss on investment of $(0.9) million and $2.5 million, respectively, through its HLBV application. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized a loss on investment of $0.7 million and $4.3 million, respectively, through its HLBV application. As a result, the balance of these investments was $27.0 million and $41.8 million at September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. From an income tax benefit perspective, the Company recognized investment tax credits of $862 thousand and $412 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $2.6 million and $9.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as well as income tax benefits (expense) relating to the recognition of its loss (gain) through its HLBV application during these periods.
The following table represents the carrying value of the associated unconsolidated assets and liabilities and the associated maximum loss exposure for alternative energy partnerships as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Cash
 
$
3,871

 
$
3,012

Equipment, net of depreciation
 
250,892

 
259,464

Other assets
 
5,728

 
4,470

Total unconsolidated assets
 
$
260,491

 
$
266,946

Total unconsolidated liabilities
 
$
6,692

 
$
6,269

Maximum loss exposure
 
$
30,835

 
$
28,988


The maximum loss exposure that would be absorbed by the Company in the event that all of the assets in alternative energy partnerships are deemed worthless is $30.8 million, which is the Company's recorded investment amount and remaining unfunded commitment at September 30, 2019.
The Company believes that the loss exposure on its investment is reduced considering that the return on its investment is provided not only by the cash flows of the underlying customer leases and power purchase agreements, but also through the significant tax benefits, including federal tax credits generated from the investments. In addition, the management arrangements include a transition manager to support any transition of the solar company sponsor whose role includes that of the servicer and operation and maintenance provider, in the event the sponsor would be required to be removed from its responsibilities (e.g., bankruptcy, breach of contract, etc.), thereby further limiting the Company’s exposure.
Qualified Affordable Housing Partnerships
The Company also invests in limited partnerships that operate qualified affordable housing projects. The returns on these investments are generated primarily through allocated Federal tax credits and other tax benefits. In addition, these investments contribute to the Company's compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. These limited partnerships are considered to be VIEs, because either (i) they do not have sufficient equity investment at risk or (ii) the limited partners with equity at risk do not have substantive kick-out rights through voting rights or substantive participating rights over the general partner. As a limited partner, the Company is not the primary beneficiary because the general partner has the ability to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance. Therefore, the Company does not consolidate these partnerships.
At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had a total investment in qualified affordable housing projects of $37.3 million and $20.0 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company

42

funded $8.3 million and $8.8 million, respectively, and recognized proportional amortization expense of $1.5 million and $2.7 million, respectively. The Company has funded $26.5 million of its $49.3 million aggregated funding commitments and had an unfunded commitment of $22.7 million at September 30, 2019. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company funded $384 thousand and $2.0 million, respectively, into qualified affordable housing projects and recognized proportional amortization expense of $498 thousand and $1.5 million, respectively. From an income tax benefit perspective, the Company recognized investment tax credits of $724 thousand and $470 thousand, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and $1.8 million and $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the maximum loss exposure that would be absorbed by the Company in the event that all of the assets in this investment are deemed worthless is $37.3 million and $20.0 million, respectively, which is the Company's recorded investment amount. The recorded investment amount is included in Other Assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and the proportional amortization expense is recorded in Income Tax Expense (Benefit) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As the investments in alternative energy partnerships and qualified affordable housing partnerships represent unconsolidated VIEs to the Company, the assets and liabilities of the investments themselves are not recorded on the Company's Statements of Financial Condition.
NOTE 15 – EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table presents computations of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
($ in thousands except per share data)
 
Common Stock
 
Class B Common Stock
 
Total
 
Common Stock
 
Class B Common Stock
 
Total
(Loss) income from continuing operations
 
$
(13,999
)
 
$
(133
)
 
$
(14,132
)
 
$
9,398

 
$
89

 
$
9,487

Less: (loss) income allocated to participating securities
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Less: participating securities dividends
 
(93
)
 
(1
)
 
(94
)
 
(386
)
 
(4
)
 
(390
)
Less: preferred stock dividends
 
(3,371
)
 
(32
)
 
(3,403
)
 
(11,906
)
 
(113
)
 
(12,019
)
Less: preferred stock redemption
 
(5,045
)
 
(48
)
 
(5,093
)
 
(5,045
)
 
(48
)
 
(5,093
)
Net loss allocated to common stockholders
 
$
(22,508
)
 
$
(214
)
 
$
(22,722
)
 
$
(7,939
)
 
$
(76
)
 
$
(8,015
)
Weighted average common shares outstanding
 
50,404,906

 
477,321

 
50,882,227

 
50,327,108

 
477,321

 
50,804,429

Dilutive effects of restricted shares/units
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Dilutive effects of stock options
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Average shares and dilutive common shares
 
50,404,906

 
477,321

 
50,882,227

 
50,327,108

 
477,321

 
50,804,429

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic loss per common share
 
$
(0.45
)
 
$
(0.45
)
 
$
(0.45
)
 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(0.16
)
Diluted loss per common share
 
$
(0.45
)
 
$
(0.45
)
 
$
(0.45
)
 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(0.16
)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were 1,062,826 and 967,376, respectively, of restricted shares/units and 60,956 and 127,212, respectively, of stock options that were not considered in computing diluted earnings per common share, because they were anti-dilutive.
The following table presents computations of basic and diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018:

43

 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
($ in thousands except per share data)
 
Common Stock
 
Class B Common Stock
 
Total
 
Common Stock
 
Class B Common Stock
 
Total
Income from continuing operations
 
$
10,330

 
$
98

 
$
10,428

 
$
31,043

 
$
313

 
$
31,356

Less: participating securities dividends
 
(200
)
 
(2
)
 
(202
)
 
(602
)
 
(6
)
 
(608
)
Less: preferred stock dividends
 
(4,923
)
 
(47
)
 
(4,970
)
 
(15,044
)
 
(152
)
 
(15,196
)
Less: preferred stock redemption
 
(2,285
)
 
(22
)
 
(2,307
)
 
(2,284
)
 
(23
)
 
(2,307
)
Income from continuing operations allocated to common stockholders
 
2,922

 
27

 
2,949

 
13,113

 
132

 
13,245

Income from discontinued operations
 
662

 
6

 
668

 
3,047

 
31

 
3,078

Net income allocated to common stockholders
 
$
3,584

 
$
33

 
$
3,617

 
$
16,160

 
$
163

 
$
16,323

Weighted average common shares outstanding
 
50,179,555

 
476,521

 
50,656,076

 
50,108,501

 
505,089

 
50,613,590

Dilutive effects of stock units
 
195,508

 
—

 
195,508

 
140,200

 
—

 
140,200

Dilutive effects of stock options
 
47,068

 
—

 
47,068

 
44,856

 
—

 
44,856

Dilutive effects of warrants
 
812

 
—

 
812

 
74,356

 
—

 
74,356

Average shares and dilutive common shares
 
50,422,943

 
476,521

 
50,899,464

 
50,367,913

 
505,089

 
50,873,002

Basic earnings per common share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
0.06

 
$
0.06

 
$
0.06

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.26

Income from discontinued operations
 
0.01

 
0.01

 
0.01

 
0.06

 
0.06

 
0.06

Net income
 
$
0.07

 
$
0.07

 
$
0.07

 
$
0.32

 
$
0.32

 
$
0.32

Diluted earnings per common share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
0.06

 
$
0.06

 
$
0.06

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.26

Income from discontinued operations
 
0.01

 
0.01

 
0.01

 
0.06

 
0.06

 
0.06

Net income
 
$
0.07

 
$
0.07

 
$
0.07

 
$
0.32

 
$
0.32

 
$
0.32


For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were 17,495 and 279,249, respectively, of stock units that were not considered in computing diluted earnings per common share, because they were anti-dilutive. There were no stock options that were anti-dilutive during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
NOTE 16 – LOAN COMMITMENTS AND OTHER RELATED ACTIVITIES
Some financial instruments, such as loan commitments, credit lines, letters of credit, and overdraft protection, are issued to meet customer financing needs. These are agreements to provide credit or to support the credit of others, as long as conditions established in the contract are met, and usually have expiration dates. Commitments may expire without being used. Risk of credit loss exists up to the face amount of these instruments. The same credit policies are used to make such commitments as are used for loans, including obtaining collateral at exercise of the commitment.
The contractual amount of financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk was as follows for the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Fixed Rate
 
Variable Rate
 
Fixed Rate
 
Variable Rate
Commitments to extend credit (1)
 
$
60

 
$
185,869

 
$
2,167

 
$
288,770

Unused lines of credit
 
828

 
1,069,930

 
1,514

 
1,119,158

Letters of credit
 
894

 
8,075

 
1,266

 
8,561


(1)
Included no commitments to extend credit related to discontinued operations at December 31, 2018.
Other Commitments
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Bank entered into certain definitive agreements which grant the Bank the exclusive naming rights to the Banc of California Stadium, a soccer stadium of The Los Angeles Football Club (LAFC), as well as the right to be the official bank of LAFC. In exchange for the Bank’s rights as set forth in the agreements, the Bank agreed to pay LAFC $100.0 million over a period of 15 years, beginning in 2017 and ending in 2032. The advertising benefits of such rights are amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded as advertising and promotion expense beginning in 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, advertising and promotion expense related to the LAFC commitment was

44

$1.7 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, advertising and promotion expense related to the LAFC commitment was $5.0 million. As of September 30, 2019, the Bank has paid $19.4 million of the $100.0 million commitment. The prepaid commitment balance, net of amortization, was $7.7 million as of September 30, 2019, which was recognized as a prepaid asset and included in Other Assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
At September 30, 2019, the Company had unfunded commitments of $22.7 million, $7.6 million, and $501 thousand for affordable housing fund investments, Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) investments, and other investments, respectively.
NOTE 17 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606 - Revenue From Contracts With Customers, for the periods indicated.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Noninterest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In scope of Topic 606
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposit service fees
 
$
599

 
$
783

 
$
1,841

 
$
2,269

Debit card fees
 
138

 
127

 
429

 
529

Investment commissions
 
146

 
380

 
685

 
1,322

Other
 
93

 
51

 
309

 
206

Noninterest income (in-scope of Topic 606)
 
976

 
1,341

 
3,264

 
4,326

Noninterest income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)
 
2,205

 
3,483

 
3,922

 
17,141

Total noninterest income
 
$
3,181

 
$
4,824

 
$
7,186

 
$
21,467


The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any significant contract balances. As of September 30, 2019, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition costs.
NOTE 18 – RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
General. Certain of our executive officers and directors, and their related interests, are customers of, or have had transactions with the Bank in the ordinary course of business, including deposits, loans and other financial services related transactions. From time to time, the Bank may make loans to executive officers and directors, and their related interests, in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms and conditions, including interest rates and collateral, as those of comparable transactions with non-insiders prevailing at the time, in accordance with the Bank’s underwriting guidelines, and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. As of the date of this filing, no related party loans were categorized as nonaccrual, past due, restructured or potential problem loans.
The Bank also has an Employee Loan Program which is available to all employees and offers executive officers, directors and principal stockholders that meet the eligibility requirements the opportunity to participate on the same terms as employees generally, provided that any loan to an executive officer, director or principal stockholder must be approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. The sole benefit provided under the Employee Loan Program is a reduction in loan fees.
Transactions with Current Related Parties
The Company and the Bank have engaged in transactions described below with the Company’s directors, executive officers, and beneficial owners of more than 5 percent of the outstanding shares of the Company’s voting common stock and certain persons related to them.
Indemnification for Costs of Counsel in Connection with Special Committee Investigation, SEC Investigation and Related Matters. On November 3, 2016, in connection with an investigation by the Special Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company Board authorized and directed the Company to provide indemnification, advancement and/or reimbursement for the costs of separate independent counsel retained by any then-current officer or director, in their individual capacity, with respect to matters related to the investigation, and to advise them on their rights and obligations with respect to the investigation. At the direction of the Company Board, this indemnification, advancement and/or reimbursement is, to the extent applicable, subject to the indemnification agreement that each officer and director previously entered into with the Company, which includes an undertaking to repay any expenses advanced if it is ultimately determined that the officer or director was not entitled to indemnification under such agreements and applicable law. In addition, the Company is providing

45

indemnification, advancement and/or reimbursement for costs related to (i) a formal order of investigation issued by the SEC on January 4, 2017 directed primarily at certain of the issues that the Special Committee reviewed and (ii) any related civil or administrative proceedings against the Company as well as officers currently or previously associated with the Company (collectively, the “Indemnity Matters”).
Indemnification costs were paid on behalf of certain executive officers and directors in amounts less than $120 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, indemnification costs paid by the Company included $290 thousand and $562 thousand, respectively, incurred by director Halle J. Benett; $290 thousand and $562 thousand, respectively, incurred by director Jonah F. Schnel; and $290 thousand and $562 thousand, respectively, incurred by director Robert Sznewajs. Indemnification costs were paid on behalf of other executive officers and directors in lesser amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Sabal Loan. On September 5, 2017, John A. Bogler became the Chief Financial Officer of the Company and the Bank. Mr. Bogler is a founding member, and since 2015 and up until his employment with the Company, was a board member and Chief Financial Officer, of Sabal Capital Partners, LLC and Sabal Investment Advisors, LLC. Sabal Capital Partners, LLC is the sole owner of Sabal Opportunities Fund I, LLC, which in turn is the sole owner of Sabal TL1, LLC; Sabal Investment Advisors, LLC is the investment manager of SIA Debt Opportunities Fund, LP. SDOF GP, LLC is the general partner of Sabal Investment Advisors, LLC (together, Sabal). As of September 1, 2018, Mr. Bogler had completely divested his ownership in Sabal, except for an investment in SDOF GP, LLC that represents only a right of Mr. Bogler to receive his pro-rata share of pass through distributions (net of expenses) by SIA Debt Opportunities Fund, LP with respect to underlying investments that were made by the fund. Effective June 26, 2015, the Bank provided a $35.0 million committed revolving repurchase facility, which was increased to $40.0 million effective June 11, 2017, to Sabal TL1, LLC, with a maximum funding amount of $100.0 million in certain situations. On June 6, 2018, the revolving repurchase facility was extended for 90 days beyond its original maturity date of June 10, 2018. The repurchase facility's outstanding balance was $3.5 million before it was completely paid off in August 2018. The extension was not renewed and expired on September 10, 2018.
Under the Sabal repurchase facility, commercial mortgage loans originated by Sabal were purchased from Sabal by the Bank, together with a simultaneous agreement by Sabal to repurchase the commercial mortgage loans from the Bank at a future date. The advances under the Sabal repurchase facility were secured by commercial mortgage loans that had a market value in excess of the balance of the advances under the facility. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the largest aggregate amount of principal outstanding under the Sabal repurchase facility was $32.5 million. The Sabal repurchase facility was paid off during the year ended December 31, 2018.
Interest on the outstanding balance under the Sabal repurchase facility accrued at the six month LIBOR rate plus a margin. $210.4 million in principal and $370 thousand in interest were paid by Sabal on the facility to the Bank during the year ended December 31, 2018.
Transactions with Former Related Parties
In addition to the transactions described above with the Company’s current directors, executive officers, and 5% or greater stockholders, and related persons, the Company and the Bank have engaged in transactions described below with the Company’s then (now former) directors and executive officers, and certain persons related to them.
Indemnification for Costs of Counsel for Former Executive Officers and Former Directors in Connection with the Indemnity Matters.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, indemnification costs paid by the Company in connection with the Indemnity Matters included $3.5 million and $10.5 million, respectively, incurred by the Company’s former Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer Steven A. Sugarman; $28 thousand and $769 thousand, respectively, incurred by the Company’s former Interim Chief Financial Officer and Chief Strategy Officer J. Francisco A. Turner; $497 thousand and $646 thousand, respectively, incurred by the Company's former General Counsel Emeritus John Grosvenor, who retired from that position effective April 15, 2019; and $38 thousand and $180 thousand, incurred by the Bank’s former director Cynthia Abercrombie. Indemnification costs were paid on behalf of other former executive officers and other former directors in lesser amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, indemnification costs paid by the Company included $1.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively, incurred by the Company’s former Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer Steven A. Sugarman; $251 thousand and $387 thousand, respectively, incurred by the Bank’s former Management Vice Chair Jeffrey T. Seabold; $197 thousand and $244 thousand, respectively, jointly incurred by the Company's former Interim Chief Financial Officer and Chief Strategy Officer J. Francisco A. Turner and the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer James J. McKinney; $3 thousand and $289 thousand, respectively, incurred by the Bank’s former director Cynthia Abercrombie; and $290 thousand and $562 thousand, respectively, incurred by the Company’s former director Jeffrey Karish. Indemnification

46

costs were paid on behalf of other former executive officers and other former directors in lesser amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Settlement Agreement. On September 5, 2017, Jeffrey T. Seabold, the Bank’s former Management Vice Chair, submitted a notice of termination of employment pursuant to his employment agreement with the Bank and, that same day, filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, against the Company and the Bank and multiple unnamed defendants asserting claims for breach of contract, wrongful termination, retaliation and unfair business practices. On January 19, 2018, the parties reached a settlement in principle through mediation and a final settlement agreement was entered into by the Company, the Bank and Mr. Seabold on February 14, 2018 (the "Settlement Agreement"). Under the Settlement Agreement, which provided for a mutual release of claims and the dismissal of Mr. Seabold’s complaint with prejudice, Mr. Seabold received lump sum cash payments from the Company and the Bank aggregating $4.3 million, less applicable withholdings for the portions of such payments representing employee compensation. Included within this amount were cash payments totaling $576 thousand representing a benefit with respect to Mr. Seabold's unvested stock options and restricted stock awards. Mr. Seabold also received a cash payment of $38 thousand as reimbursement for his premiums for health care coverage for the period October 1, 2017 through March 2019. In addition, in accordance with the Settlement Agreement the Bank paid $650 thousand of attorneys’ fees incurred by Mr. Seabold in connection with his lawsuit and the Settlement Agreement. All the cash payments to Mr. Seabold under the Settlement Agreement were made during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Settlement Agreement contains certain standstill provisions that, prior to December 31, 2018, generally restricted Mr. Seabold and his affiliates from, among other things, acquiring beneficial ownership of any shares of the Company’s common stock or common stock equivalents to the extent this would result in Mr. Seabold beneficially owning in excess of 4.99 percent of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding, soliciting proxies in opposition to any matter not recommended by the Company’s Board of Directors or in favor of any matter not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors or initiating any stockholder proposal.
NOTE 19 – LITIGATION
From time to time we are involved as plaintiff or defendant in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company establishes an accrued liability when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. The Company continues to monitor the matters for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established. As of September 30, 2019, the Company accrued $20.3 million for various litigation filed against the Company and the Bank, including an accrual for $19.75 million related to the settlement of the securities litigation previously announced by the Company and described below. There is no expected impact to earnings as a result of the settlement, as the settlement payments will be paid directly by the Company's insurance carriers and the Company has recorded an insurance receivable for $19.75 million related to this matter.
On September 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with the lead plaintiff to settle class action lawsuits that were previously consolidated in the United District Court for the Central District of California (the “Court”) under the caption In re Banc of California Securities Litigation, Case No. SACV 17-00118 AG, consolidated with SACV 17-00138 AG. Under the terms of the MOU, the Company’s insurance carriers would pay $19.75 million, which would be distributed to shareholders who purchased Company stock between April 15, 2016 and January 20, 2017, after payment of attorney’s fees and costs, to be determined by the Court. The Company would not be required to contribute any cash to the settlement payments. Pursuant to the settlement, the action against the Company would be dismissed with prejudice. Plaintiff would also dismiss its claims against the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman Steven Sugarman. While the Company does not believe the plaintiff’s claims are meritorious, the Company believes that ending the costs and distraction of the litigation is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. The settlement and the dismissals are subject to approval by the Court and meeting certain conditions, and there are no assurances that Court approval will be obtained or that those conditions will be satisfied. If the Court preliminarily approves the settlement, members of the class will be provided notice and an opportunity to object or opt out. Following the notice and opportunity for objections and opt outs, the Court will schedule a fairness hearing at which the Court will determine whether the settlement shall be finally approved. The foregoing description of the settlement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the complete text of the settlement stipulation that will be filed with the Court.

NOTE 20 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated events from the date of the consolidated financial statements on September 30, 2019 through the issuance of these consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Subsequent to September 30, 2019, the Company terminated its $15 million line of credit entered into on February 14, 2019.

47

ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the major factors that influenced our results of operations and financial condition as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. This analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and general practices within the banking industry. Within these financial statements, certain financial information contains approximate measurements of financial effects of transactions and impacts at the consolidated statements of financial condition dates and our results of operations for the reporting periods. As certain accounting policies require significant estimates and assumptions that have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and liabilities, the Company has established critical accounting policies to facilitate making the judgment necessary to prepare financial statements. The Company's critical accounting policies are described in Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements and in the “Critical Accounting Policies” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and in Note 1 Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted: The following are recently issued accounting pronouncements applicable to the Company that have not yet been adopted:
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"). This guidance is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. To achieve this objective, the amendments in this guidance replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current US GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to credit loss estimates. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is available for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.

Significant progress has been made in the implementation efforts, which include model development, documentation, and validation; identification of data sources; processes and internal controls; and establishment of formal governing policies and standards. Currently, the Company is conducting parallel runs as well as continuing to review and refine its models and methodologies. Based on current expectations of future economic conditions, the Company expects, upon adoption on January 1, 2020, its allowance for credit losses may increase up to approximately 25 percent from its allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2019, as disclosed herein, with a large portion of that increase driven by the Company's C&I and CRE portfolios. The actual impact upon adoption will depend on the characteristics of the Company's portfolios which may be affected by events that may occur until that time; macroeconomic conditions and forecasts; and finalized models, methodologies, and other management judgments.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"). The primary objective of ASU 2018-13 is to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, although early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 is not expected to significantly impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Executive Overview
The Company is focused on providing core banking products and services, including customized and innovative banking and lending solutions, designed to cater to the unique needs of California's diverse businesses, entrepreneurs and communities through its 32 full service branches in San Diego, Orange, Santa Barbara, and Los Angeles Counties. Through our 700+ dedicated professionals, the Company is committed to service and building enduring relationships by providing a higher standard of banking. The Company offers a variety of financial products and services designed around its target clients in order to serve all of their banking and financial needs. The Company continues to focus on three main initiatives designed to improve our franchise and profitability on an ongoing basis: reducing our cost of deposits, optimizing the balance sheet to focus on higher-margin products, and appropriately managing down expenses to the size and complexity of the business. Through these efforts, we continue to transform our franchise into a relationship-focused community bank, maintaining our high credit quality and serving businesses, entrepreneurs and individuals within our footprint.

48

Financial Highlights
For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, net (loss) income from continuing operations was $(14.1) million and $10.4 million, respectively. Diluted (loss) earnings from continuing operations per common share were $(0.45) and $0.06, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The decrease in net income from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to same period last year is largely the result of a $37.1 million increase in our loan loss provision, primarily attributable to a $35.1 million charge-off and its related impacts, or $0.60 per diluted common share, related to a loan originated in November 2017 to a borrower purportedly the subject of a fraudulent scheme.
Total assets were $8.63 billion at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.00 billion from $10.63 billion at December 31, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the Company’s continued progress towards transitioning to a core commercial banking platform. As part of this transition, the Company is de-emphasizing the production of lower margin loan products and is opportunistically reducing its holdings of certain investment securities.
Significant financial highlights during the three months ended September 30, 2019 included:
•
Noninterest-bearing deposits increased $114 million
•
Cost of deposits decreased by 14 basis points to 1.48%
•
Noninterest expense was $43.3 million
•
Executed on the sale of $371 million of low-yielding and long duration mortgage-backed securities, furthering the ability to remix the investment portfolio
•
Completed tender offer for $46.0 million of preferred stock, inclusive of premium and accrued dividends
•
The total risk-based capital ratio was 14.31% and the tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.84% at the end of the quarter

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Condensed Statements of Continuing Operations, Discontinued Operations and Consolidated Operations
The following table presents condensed statements of continuing operations, discontinued operations and consolidated operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Operating income for discontinued operations in 2019 was immaterial.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Continuing Operations
 
Discontinued Operations
 
Consolidated Operations
 
Continuing Operations
 
Discontinued Operations
 
Consolidated Operations
Interest and dividend income
 
$
107,774

 
$
130

 
$
107,904

 
$
311,666

 
$
505

 
$
312,171

Interest expense
 
36,582

 
—

 
36,582

 
96,272

 
—

 
96,272

Net interest income
 
71,192

 
130

 
71,322

 
215,394

 
505

 
215,899

Provision for loan losses
 
1,410

 
—

 
1,410

 
23,562

 
—

 
23,562

Noninterest income
 
4,824

 
894

 
5,718

 
21,467

 
3,871

 
25,338

Noninterest expense
 
60,877

 
100

 
60,977

 
183,216

 
127

 
183,343

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
 
13,729

 
924

 
14,653

 
30,083

 
4,249

 
34,332

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
3,301

 
256

 
3,557

 
(1,273
)
 
1,171

 
(102
)
Net income
 
$
10,428

 
$
668

 
$
11,096

 
$
31,356

 
$
3,078

 
$
34,434


49

Net Interest Income
The following table presents interest income, average interest-earning assets, interest expense, average interest-bearing liabilities, and their corresponding yields and costs expressed both in dollars and rates, on a consolidated operations basis, for the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2019
 
September 30, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Average Balance
 
Interest and Dividends
 
Yield/Cost
 
Average Balance
 
Interest and Dividends
 
Yield/
Cost
 
Average Balance
 
Interest and Dividends
 
Yield/Cost
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans(1)
 
$
6,699,312

 
$
80,287

 
4.75
%
 
$
7,445,704

 
$
89,159

 
4.80
%
 
$
7,166,373

 
$
84,925

 
4.70
%
Securities
 
1,105,499

 
10,024

 
3.60
%
 
1,304,876

 
12,457

 
3.83
%
 
2,163,037

 
20,599

 
3.78
%
Other interest-earning assets (2)
 
362,613

 
2,346

 
2.57
%
 
342,908

 
2,424

 
2.84
%
 
335,160

 
2,380

 
2.82
%
Total interest-earning assets
 
8,167,424

 
92,657

 
4.50
%
 
9,093,488

 
104,040

 
4.59
%
 
9,664,570

 
107,904

 
4.43
%
ALLL
 
(55,976
)
 
 
 
 
 
(63,046
)
 
 
 
 
 
(56,730
)
 
 
 
 
BOLI and non-interest earning assets (3)
 
584,190

 
 
 
 
 
580,133

 
 
 
 
 
554,636

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
8,695,638

 
 
 
 
 
$
9,610,575

 
 
 
 
 
$
10,162,476

 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Savings
 
$
1,055,086

 
4,722

 
1.78
%
 
$
1,083,571

 
4,950

 
1.83
%
 
$
1,231,696

 
5,122

 
1.65
%
Interest-bearing checking
 
1,511,432

 
4,483

 
1.18
%
 
1,580,165

 
4,554

 
1.16
%
 
1,789,679

 
5,054

 
1.12
%
Money market
 
755,114

 
3,093

 
1.63
%
 
853,007

 
3,902

 
1.83
%
 
966,165

 
3,455

 
1.42
%
Certificates of deposit
 
1,750,970

 
10,513

 
2.38
%
 
2,537,060

 
15,192

 
2.40
%
 
2,332,181

 
11,523

 
1.96
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
 
5,072,602

 
22,811

 
1.78
%
 
6,053,803

 
28,598

 
1.89
%
 
6,319,721

 
25,154

 
1.58
%
FHLB advances
 
1,333,739

 
8,519

 
2.53
%
 
1,287,121

 
8,289

 
2.58
%
 
1,528,674

 
8,996

 
2.33
%
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
1,922

 
13

 
2.68
%
 
2,173

 
16

 
2.95
%
 
6,418

 
47

 
2.91
%
Long term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities
 
174,111

 
2,399

 
5.47
%
 
174,161

 
2,357

 
5.43
%
 
174,361

 
2,385

 
5.43
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
6,582,374

 
33,742

 
2.03
%
 
7,517,258

 
39,260

 
2.09
%
 
8,029,174

 
36,582

 
1.81
%
Noninterest-bearing deposits
 
1,047,858

 
 
 
 
 
1,034,205

 
 
 
 
 
1,023,890

 
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
 
103,667

 
 
 
 
 
96,179

 
 
 
 
 
108,593

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
7,733,899

 
 
 
 
 
8,647,642

 
 
 
 
 
9,161,657

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
 
961,739

 
 
 
 
 
962,933

 
 
 
 
 
1,000,819

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
8,695,638

 
 
 
 
 
$
9,610,575

 
 
 
 
 
$
10,162,476

 
 
 
 
Net interest income/spread
 
 
 
$
58,915

 
2.47
%
 
 
 
$
64,780

 
2.50
%
 
 
 
$
71,322

 
2.62
%
Net interest margin (4)
 
 
 
 
 
2.86
%
 
 
 
 
 
2.86
%
 
 
 
 
 
2.93
%
(1)
For the three months ended September 30, 2018, total loans includes average loans and related interest income from discontinued operations. Total loans are net of deferred fees, related direct costs and discounts, but exclude the allowance for loan losses. Non-accrual loans are included in the average balance. Net accretion of deferred loan fees and costs of $323 thousand, $106 thousand and $323 thousand and accretion of discount on purchased loans of $186 thousand, $28 thousand and $20 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, are included in interest income.
(2)
Includes average balance of FHLB and other bank stock at cost and average time deposits with other financial institutions.

50

(3)
Includes average balance of bank-owned life insurance of $108.3 million, $107.8 million and $106.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.
(4)
Annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
The following table presents interest income, average interest-earning assets, interest expense, average interest-bearing liabilities, and their corresponding yields and costs expressed both in dollars and rates, on a consolidated operations basis, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
($ in thousands)
 
Average Balance
 
Interest and Dividends
 
Yield/Cost
 
Average Balance
 
Interest and Dividends
 
Yield/Cost
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans (1)
 
$
7,282,869

 
$
260,004

 
4.77
%
 
$
7,010,232

 
$
241,519

 
4.61
%
Securities
 
1,384,928

 
40,322

 
3.89
%
 
2,321,231

 
63,685

 
3.67
%
Other interest-earning assets (2)
 
342,597

 
7,083

 
2.76
%
 
377,925

 
6,967

 
2.46
%
Total interest-earning assets
 
9,010,394

 
307,409

 
4.56
%
 
9,709,388

 
312,171

 
4.30
%
ALLL
 
(60,294
)
 
 
 
 
 
(53,657
)
 
 
 
 
BOLI and non-interest earning assets (3)
 
579,992

 
 
 
 
 
564,856

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
9,530,092

 
 
 
 
 
$
10,220,587

 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Savings
 
$
1,112,949

 
15,152

 
1.82
%
 
$
1,114,888

 
12,308

 
1.48
%
Interest-bearing checking
 
1,548,655

 
13,562

 
1.17
%
 
1,862,215

 
13,345

 
0.96
%
Money market
 
831,401

 
11,124

 
1.79
%
 
1,058,451

 
9,978

 
1.26
%
Certificates of deposit
 
2,419,158

 
43,014

 
2.38
%
 
2,107,782

 
26,633

 
1.69
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
 
5,912,163

 
82,852

 
1.87
%
 
6,143,336

 
62,264

 
1.36
%
FHLB advances
 
1,347,330

 
25,889

 
2.57
%
 
1,688,355

 
25,927

 
2.05
%
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
2,146

 
47

 
2.93
%
 
51,542

 
1,008

 
2.61
%
Long term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities
 
174,167

 
7,118

 
5.46
%
 
174,360

 
7,073

 
5.42
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
7,435,806

 
115,906

 
2.08
%
 
8,057,593

 
96,272

 
1.60
%
Noninterest-bearing deposits
 
1,034,697

 
 
 
 
 
1,028,245

 
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
 
99,113

 
 
 
 
 
127,607

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
8,569,616

 
 
 
 
 
9,213,445

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
 
960,476

 
 
 
 
 
1,007,142

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
9,530,092

 
 
 
 
 
$
10,220,587

 
 
 
 
Net interest income/spread
 
 
 
$
191,503

 
2.48
%
 
 
 
$
215,899

 
2.70
%
Net interest margin (4)
 
 
 
 
 
2.84
%
 
 
 
 
 
2.97
%
(1)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, total loans includes average loans and related interest income from discontinued operations. Total loans are net of deferred fees, related direct costs and discounts, but exclude the allowance for loan losses. Non-accrual loans are included in the average balance. Net (amortization) accretion of deferred loan fees

51

and costs of $(479) thousand and $551 thousand and accretion of discount on purchased loans of $311 thousand and $583 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are included in interest income.
(2)
Includes average balance of FHLB and other bank stock at cost and average time deposits with other financial institutions.
(3)
Includes average balance of bank-owned life insurance of $107.8 million and $105.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(4)
Annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table presents the changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Information is provided on changes attributable to: (i) changes in volume multiplied by the prior rate; and (ii) changes in rate multiplied by the prior volume. Changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019 vs. 2018
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019 vs. 2018
 
 
Increase (Decrease) Due to
 
Net Increase (Decrease)
 
Increase (Decrease) Due to
 
Net
Increase (Decrease)
($ In thousands)
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Interest and dividend income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans (1)
 
$
(5,540
)
 
$
902

 
$
(4,638
)
 
$
9,768

 
$
8,717

 
$
18,485

Securities
 
(9,637
)
 
(938
)
 
(10,575
)
 
(26,991
)
 
3,628

 
(23,363
)
Other interest-earning assets
 
185

 
(219
)
 
(34
)
 
(686
)
 
802

 
116

Total interest and dividend income
 
$
(14,992
)
 
$
(255
)
 
$
(15,247
)
 
$
(17,909
)
 
$
13,147

 
$
(4,762
)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Savings
 
$
(780
)
 
$
380

 
$
(400
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
2,865

 
$
2,844

Interest-bearing checking
 
(827
)
 
256

 
(571
)
 
(2,450
)
 
2,667

 
217

Money market
 
(825
)
 
463

 
(362
)
 
(2,447
)
 
3,593

 
1,146

Certificates of deposit
 
(3,197
)
 
2,187

 
(1,010
)
 
4,352

 
12,029

 
16,381

FHLB advances
 
(1,186
)
 
709

 
(477
)
 
(5,839
)
 
5,801

 
(38
)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
(28
)
 
(6
)
 
(34
)
 
(1,070
)
 
109

 
(961
)
Long term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities
 
(4
)
 
18

 
14

 
(8
)
 
53

 
45

Total interest expense
 
(6,847
)
 
4,007

 
(2,840
)
 
(7,483
)
 
27,117

 
19,634

Net interest income
 
$
(8,145
)
 
$
(4,262
)
 
$
(12,407
)
 
$
(10,426
)
 
$
(13,970
)
 
$
(24,396
)
(1)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, total loans includes interest income from discontinued operations.

52

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Net interest income was $58.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $5.9 million, or 9.1 percent, from $64.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in net interest income from the prior period was largely due to an overall decrease in average interest earning assets, partially offset by a decrease in average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
Interest income on total loans was $80.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $8.9 million, or 10.0 percent, from $89.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in interest income on loans was primarily due to a $746.4 million decrease in the average balance of total loans and a 5 basis points (bps) decrease in average yield. The decrease in average balance was due mainly to the sale of $573.5 million in multifamily residential loans coupled with loan payments partially offset by loan originations. The decrease in average yield was primarily attributable to variable rate loans repricing in a declining rate environment and lower average balance of higher yielding commercial and industrial loans, partially offset by the settlement of the Freddie Mac multifamily securitization which consisted of lower yielding loans.
Interest income on securities was $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 19.5 percent, from $12.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in interest income on securities was due to a $199.4 million decrease in average balance and a 23 bps decrease in average yield. The decrease in average yield is primarily as a result of the quarterly interest rate resets on our collateralized loan obligations (“CLO”) and the sales of CLOs that occurred during the second quarter of 2019. We sold a significant amount of CLOs during the second quarter, with the full impact of the second quarter sales reflected in the third quarter.
Dividends and interest income on other interest-earning assets was $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $78 thousand, or 3.2 percent, from $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in dividends and interest income on other interest-earning assets was due to a $19.7 million increase in average balance, partially offset by a 27 bps decrease in average yield. The decrease in average yield was mainly due to lower interest rates on deposits with financial institutions. The increase in average balance was mainly due to increases in interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions as a result of sales of investment securities and loans.
Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was $22.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $5.8 million, or 20.2 percent, from $28.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was due to a 11 bps decrease in average cost, coupled with a $981.2 million decrease in average balance. The decrease in our average balance and cost of deposits from the prior quarter primarily resulted from the continued execution of our deposit strategy to focus on relationship-based clients and de-emphasize high-rate transactional customers and brokered certificates of deposit.
Interest expense on FHLB advances was $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $230 thousand, or 2.8 percent, from $8.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was due mainly to a $46.6 million increase in average balance for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, offset by a 5 bps decrease in average cost. The decrease in average cost was mainly due to a reduction in average overnight borrowing rates during the quarter ended September 30, 2019. The increase in average balance was mainly due to an increase in use of overnight borrowings.
Interest expense on long term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities was $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $42 thousand, or 1.8 percent, from $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The average balance and average cost remained relatively flat during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the previous quarter.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Net interest income was $58.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $12.4 million, or 17.4 percent, from $71.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in net interest income from the prior period was largely due to higher average cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpacing the increase in average yield on interest-earning assets, coupled by a decrease in interest earning assets.
Interest income on total loans was $80.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $4.6 million, or 5.5 percent, from $84.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in interest income on loans was primarily due to a $467.1 million decrease in the average balance of total loans offset by a

53

5 basis points (bps) increase in average yield. The decrease in average balance was due mainly to the aforementioned sale of multifamily residential loans, partially offset by loan originations. The increase in average yield was mainly due to higher interest rates on new loans and loans with variable interest rates increasing due to a higher interest rate environment between periods.
Interest income on securities was $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $10.6 million, or 51.3 percent, from $20.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in interest income on securities was due to a $1.06 billion decrease in average balance, coupled with an 18 bps decrease in average yield. The decrease in average balance was mainly due to sales of certain longer-duration and fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities, corporate debt securities, collateralized loan obligations and commercial mortgage-backed securities between periods to navigate a volatile rate environment during 2018 and remix of our earning assets from investment securities to higher yielding loans. The decrease in average yield was due to quarterly interest rate resets on our CLOs and the sales of CLOs that occurred during 2019.
Dividends and interest income on other interest-earning assets was $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, remaining consistent with the prior period amount. Between periods, there was a 25 bps decrease in average yield, offset by a $27.5 million increase in average balance. The decrease in average yield was mainly due to lower interest rates on deposits with financial institutions. The increase in average balance was mainly due to increases in interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions as a result of sales of investment securities and loans.
Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was $22.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.3 million, or 9.3 percent, from $25.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was due to a $1.25 billion decrease in average balance, partially offset by a 20 bps increase in average cost. The increase in average cost was mainly due to a higher interest rate environment between periods. The decrease in average balance primarily related to the use of proceeds from the sale of loans and investments to redeem higher cost brokered certificates of deposits in 2019, coupled with the shift in our deposit strategy to focus on relationship-based customers and de-emphasize high-rate transactional customers.
Interest expense on FHLB advances was $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $477 thousand, or 5.3 percent, from $9.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was due mainly to a $194.9 million decrease in average balance for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, partially offset by a 20 bps increase in average cost. The increase in average cost was mainly due to a higher interest rate environment between periods. The decrease in average balance was mainly due to reduced term advances, primarily three- to ten-year duration, based on available cash resulting from the Company's sales and calls of investment securities and loans during 2019.
Interest expense on long term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities was $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $14 thousand from $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The average balance and average cost remained relatively flat during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period last year.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Net interest income was $191.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $24.4 million, or 11.3 percent, from $215.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in net interest income from the prior period was largely due to higher average cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpacing the increase in average yield on interest-earning assets, coupled with an decrease in interest earning assets.
Interest income on total loans was $260.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $18.5 million, or 7.7 percent, from $241.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in interest income on loans was primarily due to a $272.6 million increase in the average balance of total loans and a 16 bps increase in average yield. The increase in average balance was due mainly to increased loan originations, partially offset by loan sales and principal paydowns and payoffs. The increase in average yield was mainly due to higher interest rates on new loans and loans with variable interest rates increasing due to a rising interest rate environment through the first half of 2019.
Interest income on securities was $40.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $23.4 million, or 36.7 percent, from $63.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in interest income on securities was due to a $936.3 million decrease in average balance, partially offset by a 22 bps

54

increase in average yield. The decrease in average balance was mainly due to sales of certain longer-duration and fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities, corporate debt securities, collateralized loan obligations and commercial mortgage-backed securities between periods to navigate a volatile rate environment during 2018 and remix of our earning assets from investment securities to higher yielding loans. The increase in average yield was due to higher interest rates on purchased investment securities and investment securities with variable interest rates increasing due to a rising interest rate environment between periods.
Dividends and interest income on other interest-earning assets was $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $116 thousand, or 1.7%, from $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in dividends and interest income on other interest-earning assets was due to a 30 bps increase in average yield, partially offset by a $35.3 million decrease in average balance. The increase in average yield was mainly due to higher interest rates on interest-earning deposits with financial institutions from a rising interest rate environment. The decrease in average balance was mainly due to decreases in interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions as a result of sales of investment securities and loans.
Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was $82.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $20.6 million, or 33.1%, from $62.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was due to a 51 bps increase in average cost, partially offset by a $231.2 million decrease in average interest-bearing balances. The increase in average cost was mainly due to the rising interest rate environment between periods. The decrease in average interest-bearing balances was mainly due to shifts within interest-bearing deposit balances from savings and interest-bearing checking accounts to higher yielding certificates of deposit accounts as a result of increasing market interest rates between periods, partially offset by the shift in our deposit strategy to focus on relationship-based customers and de-emphasize high-rate transactional customers.
Interest expense on FHLB advances was $25.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $38 thousand, or 0.1%, from $25.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was due mainly to a 52 bps increase in average cost, partially offset by a $341.0 million decrease in average balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in average cost was mainly due to a rising interest rate environment. The decrease in average balance was mainly due to reduced term advances, primarily three- to ten-year duration, based on available cash resulting from the Company's sales of investment securities and loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Interest expense on securities sold under repurchase agreements was $47 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $961 thousand, or 95.3% from $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company utilized a reduced amount of repurchase agreements during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as a result of cash received from sales of loans and securities over the past year used to redeem its higher yield borrowings, including securities sold under repurchase agreements.
Interest expense on long term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities was $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $45 thousand, or 0.6%, from $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The average balance and average cost remained relatively flat during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period last year.


55

Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is charged to operations to adjust the allowance for loan losses to the level required to cover estimated credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio.
The Company recorded a provision for (reversal of) loan losses of $38.5 million and $(2.0) million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019, respectively. During the third quarter, the $38.5 million provision for loan losses was primarily attributable to a $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit originated in November 2017 to a borrower purportedly the subject of a fraudulent scheme. In addition, the charge-off increased the loss factor used in our allowance for loan loss for commercial and industrial loans, resulting in an additional loan loss provision of $3.0 million. On October 22, 2019, in connection with this matter, the Bank filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (Case CV '19 02031 GPC KSC) seeking to recover its losses and other monetary damages against Chicago Title Insurance Company and Chicago Title Company, asserting claims under RICO, 18 U.S.C § 1962 and for RICO Conspiracy, Fraud, Aiding and Abetting Fraud, Negligent Misrepresentation, Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Negligence. We are actively considering and pursuing available sources of recovery and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in that regard.
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company undertook an extensive collateral review of all commercial lending relationships $5 million and above not secured by real estate, consisting of 53 loans representing $536 million in commitments. The collateral review focused on security and collateral documentation and confirmation of the Bank's collateral interest. The review was performed within the Bank's Internal Audit division and the work was validated by an independent third party. Our review and outside validation have not identified any other instances of apparent fraud for the credits reviewed or concerns over the existence of collateral held by the Bank or on our behalf at third parties; however, there are no assurances that our internal review and third party validation will be sufficient to identify all such issues.
The Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $38.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The increase in the provision during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to same period in 2018 was mainly due to the aforementioned $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit.
The Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $39.1 million and $23.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the provision for loan losses primarily reflects the aforementioned $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit, an increase of $3.0 million due to an increase in loss factors associated with this charge-off and increases in other qualitative provisions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a provision for loans losses of $23.6 million was recorded, inclusive of $13.9 million on a line of credit determined to have been fraudulently obtained and an increase of $881 thousand in provision due to a downgrade of a commercial and industrial loan with a carrying value of $23.8 million from Special Mention to Substandard due to credit deterioration, as well as an increase in loan balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
See further discussion in "Allowance for Loan Losses."
Noninterest Income (Loss)
The following table presents the breakdown of non-interest (loss) income for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
June 30,
2019
 
September 30,
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Customer service fees
 
$
1,582

 
$
1,434

 
$
1,446

 
$
4,531

 
$
4,529

Loan servicing income
 
128

 
121

 
439

 
367

 
3,698

Income from bank owned life insurance
 
588

 
580

 
551

 
1,693

 
1,617

Impairment loss on investment securities
 
(731
)
 
—

 
—

 
(731
)
 
—

Net (loss) gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
 
(5,063
)
 
—

 
13

 
(4,855
)
 
5,532

Net gain on sale of loans
 
4,326

 
2,826

 
279

 
8,705

 
1,059

Net gain (loss) on sale of mortgage servicing rights
 
—

 
—

 
24

 
—

 
(2,426
)
Other income (loss)
 
2,351

 
(7,251
)
 
2,072

 
(2,524
)
 
7,458

Total noninterest income (loss)
 
$
3,181

 
$
(2,290
)
 
$
4,824

 
$
7,186

 
$
21,467

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2019

56

Noninterest income (loss) was $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $5.5 million, or 238.9 percent, from $(2.3) million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in noninterest income was primarily due to increases in net gain on sale of loans and other income of $1.5 million and $9.6 million, respectively, between periods. These increases were partially offset by net losses on the sale of investment securities totaling $5.1 million and impairment loss on investment securities of $731 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019.


Net loss on sale of securities available-for-sale was $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to no gains for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The Company sold securities available-for-sale of $380.9 million and $279.5 million, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $380.9 million in agency residential mortgage-backed securities. In addition, $731 thousand of other-than-temporary impairment was recognized on the remaining $40.4 million MBS portfolio and reflected in impairment loss on investment securities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Net gain on sale of loans was $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $573.5 million of multifamily residential loans resulting in a net gain of $5.1 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company sold jumbo SFR mortgage loans of $131.5 million resulting in a gain of $125 thousand and $178.2 million of multifamily residential loans resulting in a gain of $2.9 million.
Other income (loss) was $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $(7.3) million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The $9.6 million increase is primarily attributable to the previous quarter including a $9.6 million realized loss on interest rate swaps related to the aforementioned Freddie Mac multifamily securitization which was completed during the third quarter of 2019. The Company realized a gross gain in fair value of the associated loans sold into the securitization of $8.9 million, which is included in net gain on sale of loans.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Noninterest income was $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.6 million, or 34.1 percent, from $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in noninterest income during the three months ended September 30, 2018 was mainly due to an impairment loss on investment securities of $731 thousand and a decrease in net gain on sale of investment securities of $5.1 million, partially offset by a $4.0 million increase in net gain on sale of loans.
Loan servicing income was $128 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $311 thousand, or 70.8 percent, from $439 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease between periods is attributable to reductions in serviced balances between the periods. Servicing fees were $287 thousand and $472 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, servicing fee were offset by losses on fair value and runoff of servicing assets were $159 thousand and $33 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Net loss on sale of securities available-for-sale was $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $13 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The Company sold agency mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale of $380.9 million and $25.3 million, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. In addition, $731 thousand of other-than-temporary impairment was recognized on the remaining $40.4 million MBS portfolio and reflected in impairment loss on investment securities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company sold securities available-for-sale of $25.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 as it further repositioned its securities available-for-sale portfolio to reduce duration by selling longer-duration and fixed rate mortgage-backed securities.
Net gain on sale of loans was $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $279 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $573.5 million of multifamily residential loans resulting in a gross gain of $8.9 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold jumbo SFR mortgage loans of $23.6 million with a gain of $229 thousand, and SBA loans of $1.0 million with a gain of $50 thousand.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

57

Noninterest income was $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $14.3 million, or 66.5 percent, from $21.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in noninterest income was mainly due to a $10.4 million decrease in net (loss) gain on the sale of investment securities, coupled with a $10.0 million decrease in other income (loss), partially offset by an increase in net gain on sale of loans of $7.6 million between periods.
Loan servicing income was $367 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.3 million, or 90.1 percent, from $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease between periods is attributable to the sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $28.5 million of mortgage servicing rights on $3.55 billion in unpaid principal balances of conventional mortgage loans. Servicing fees were $917 thousand and $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Offsetting these servicing fees were losses on fair value changes and runoff of servicing assets were $550 thousand and $914 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Net (loss) gain on sale of securities available-for-sale was $(4.9) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company sold securities available-for-sale of $1.16 billion and $406.8 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Included in the $1.16 billion in securities available for sale sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $132.2 million of non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities that were sold for a gain of $9 thousand. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $385.8 million in agency mortgage-backed securities, resulting in a loss of $5.0 million. In addition, $731 thousand of other-than-temporary impairment was recognized on the remaining $40.4 million MBS portfolio and reflected in impairment loss on investment securities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company continued to reduce its collateralized loan obligations exposure by selling $644.5 million of these investments resulting in a gain of $143 thousand.
Net gain on sale of loans was $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold jumbo SFR mortgage loans of $374.8 million resulting in a gain of $1.6 million and $751.6 million of multifamily residential loans resulting in a gain of $7.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold jumbo SFR mortgage loans of $158.9 million with a loss of $408 thousand, SBA loans of $6.3 million with a gain of $480 thousand and multifamily and other consumer loans of $75.7 million with a gain of $171 thousand.
Net loss on sale of mortgage servicing rights was zero for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold $28.5 million of MSRs on $3.55 billion in unpaid principal balances of conventional mortgage loans. These transactions resulted in a net loss on sale of MSRs of $2.4 million, primarily related to transaction costs, provision for early repayments of loans and expected repurchase obligations under standard representations and warranties. There were no sales of MSRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Other (loss) income was $(2.5) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The $10.0 million decrease is primarily attributable to the aforementioned $9.6 million realized loss on interest rate swaps related to the Freddie Mac multifamily securitization which was completed during the third quarter of 2019. The Company realized a gross gain on fair value of the associated loans sold into the securitization of $8.9 million, which is included in net gain on sale of loans.
 

58

Noninterest Expense
The following table presents the breakdown of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
June 30,
2019
 
September 30,
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Salaries and employee benefits
 
$
25,934

 
$
27,506

 
$
24,832

 
$
81,879

 
$
85,387

Occupancy and equipment
 
7,767

 
7,955

 
8,213

 
23,408

 
23,783

Professional fees (reimbursement)
 
1,463

 
(2,903
)
 
11,966

 
9,601

 
27,446

Outside service fees
 
520

 
489

 
954

 
1,412

 
3,913

Data processing
 
1,568

 
1,672

 
1,884

 
4,736

 
5,218

Advertising
 
2,090

 
2,048

 
3,152

 
6,195

 
9,293

Regulatory assessments
 
1,239

 
2,136

 
2,138

 
5,857

 
6,426

Reversal of provision for loan repurchases
 
(123
)
 
(61
)
 
(360
)
 
(300
)
 
(2,366
)
Amortization of intangible assets
 
500

 
621

 
693

 
1,741

 
2,363

Restructuring (reversal) expense
 
—

 
(158
)
 
553

 
2,637

 
4,536

All other expense
 
3,289

 
4,637

 
4,368

 
10,908

 
12,959

Noninterest expense before (gain) loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships
 
44,247

 
43,942

 
58,393

 
148,074

 
178,958

(Gain) loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships
 
(940
)
 
(355
)
 
2,484

 
655

 
4,258

Total noninterest expense
 
$
43,307

 
$
43,587

 
$
60,877

 
$
148,729

 
$
183,216

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Noninterest expense was $43.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $280 thousand, or 0.6 percent, from $43.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was mainly due to decreases in salaries and employee benefits, regulatory assessments, (gain) loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships and other expenses, partially offset by increases in professional fees (reimbursement).
Salaries and employee benefits expense was $25.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.6 million, or 5.7 percent, from $27.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was mainly due to decreases in number of employees, incentives and commissions, and temporary staff expenses.
Professional fees (reimbursement) were $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $4.4 million, or 150.4 percent, from $(2.9) million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to reductions in insurance recoveries net of expenses related to securities litigation, indemnification, investigation and other legal expenses in the third quarter of $2.6 million as compared to $6.2 million in the prior quarter.
Regulatory assessments were $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $897 thousand, or 42.0 percent, from $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was mainly due to an FDIC small bank assessment credit.
All other expenses decreased $1.3 million or 29.1 percent between periods, primarily as a result of reductions in other loan-related expenses and charges related to capitalized software projects during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the previous quarter.
Gain on investments in alternative energy partnerships was $940 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $585 thousand, from a gain of $355 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in gains between periods was mainly due to decreased loss sharing allocations and resulting lower HLBV losses.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Noninterest expense was $43.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $17.6 million, or 28.9 percent, from $60.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to decreases in professional fees (reimbursement), advertising, regulatory assessments, restructuring (reversal) expenses, and all other expense, partially offset by increases in salaries and employee benefits.

59

Salaries and employee benefits expense was $25.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $1.1 million, or 4.4 percent, from $24.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was mainly due to increases in compensation, offset by reductions in contract labor and less salary deferrals based on lending activity.
Professional fees (reimbursement) were $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $10.5 million, or 87.8 percent, from $12.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to an increase in insurance recoveries for legal expenses related to the SEC investigation and various other litigation between periods.
Advertising costs were $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 33.7 percent, from $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to overall reductions in advertising expenses between periods due to a focus on digital rather than traditional marketing. Advertising costs include $1.7 million of the LAFC naming rights commitment during both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Regulatory assessments were $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $899 thousand, or 42.0 percent, from $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to an FDIC small bank assessment credit..
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, there were no restructuring (reversal) expenses. The comparable 2018 period included severance-related costs of $553 thousand as a result of the reduction in force by approximately 9% of total staffing.
(Gain) loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships was $(940) thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease in loss of $3.4 million, from a loss of $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in loss was mainly due to decreased loss sharing allocations and resulting lower HLBV losses.
All other expense was $3.3 million for the for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 24.7 percent, from $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to overall expense reductions from the Company's effort to manage its expenses on supplies, business travel, and other administrative expenditures, and insurance recoveries from previous accrued legal settlement expense, offset by impairment of capitalized software and an increase in provision for unfunded commitments.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Noninterest expense was $148.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $34.5 million, or 18.8 percent, from $183.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to decreases in salaries and employee benefits, professional fees (reimbursement), outside services, advertising, regulatory assessments, amortization of intangible assets, restructuring expense, all other expense and loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships, partially offset by a reduction in reversal of provision for loan repurchases.
Salaries and employee benefits expense was $81.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.5 million, or 4.1 percent, from $85.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to decreases in number of employees, commissions, and temporary staff expenses.
Professional fees were $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $17.8 million, or 65.0 percent, from $27.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Professional fees include $22.9 million of insurance recoveries related to securities litigation, indemnification, investigation and other legal expenses during the 2019 period, compared to $8.2 million during 2018.
Outside service fees were $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.5 million, or 63.9 percent, from $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower loan subservicing costs incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as a result of the aforementioned sale of mortgage servicing rights on $3.55 billion in unpaid principal balances of conventional mortgage loans during the comparable 2018 period.
Advertising costs were $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.1 million, or 33.3 percent, from $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to overall reductions in advertising expenses between periods due to a focus on digital rather than traditional marketing. Advertising costs include $5.0 million of the LAFC naming rights commitment during both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Regulatory assessments were $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $569 thousand, or 8.9 percent, from $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to a an FDIC small bank assessment credit.

60

Reversal of provision for loan repurchases was $300 thousand and $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to the aforementioned sale of mortgage servicing rights on $3.55 billion in unpaid principal balances of conventional mortgage loans and reduced repurchase settlement activities as well as methodology and data enhancements that occurred during 2018.
Restructuring expense was $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and consisted of severance and retention costs associated with the Company's exit from its third-party mortgage origination and brokered single family lending business and CEO transition during the first quarter of 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, restructuring expense was $4.5 million and consisted of severance-related costs in the second and third quarters of 2018 of $4.5 million as a result of the reduction in force.
All other expenses were $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.1 million, or 15.8 percent, from $13.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to overall expense reductions from the Company's effort to manage its expenses on supplies, business travel, directors' fees and other administrative expenditures, a decrease in provision for unfunded loan commitments, and insurance recoveries from previous accrued legal settlement expense.
Loss on investments in alternative energy partnerships was $655 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.6 million, from $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in loss was mainly due to decreased loss sharing allocations and resulting lower HLBV losses.
Income Tax Expense
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, income tax (benefit) expense, on a consolidated operations basis was $(5.6) million, $4.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 28.4 percent, 20.6 percent and 24.3 percent, respectively. During the third quarter of 2019, we had a pre-tax net loss of $19.8 million, resulting in approximately 13% reduction in the projected annual effective tax rate. For the full year, we expect our tax rate to normalize closer to 11%. The lower effective tax rate of 11% is primarily driven by the loss the Company incurred and we expect the rate to normalize closer to 20% in 2020.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense (benefit), on a consolidated operation basis, was $1.4 million and $(102) thousand, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 12.9 percent and (0.3) percent, respectively. The increase in income tax expense and effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily relates to the significant reduction in tax credits received by the Company on investments in alternative energy partnerships.
The Company uses the flow-through income statement method to account for the annual investment tax credits forecasted to be earned on the solar investments in the Company’s annual Effective Tax Rate. Under this method, 50% of the annual forecasted investment tax credits are recognized as a reduction to income tax expense and the initial book-tax difference in the basis of the investments are recognized as additional tax expense as of September 30, 2019.
For additional information, see Note 10 to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Investment Securities
At September 30, 2019, all of the Company’s investment securities were classified as available-for-sale.
The primary goal of our investment securities portfolio is to provide a relatively stable source of interest income while satisfactorily managing risk, including credit risk, reinvestment risk, liquidity risk and interest rate risk. Certain investment securities provide a source of liquidity as collateral for FHLB advances, repurchase agreements, certain public funds deposits, and for Federal Reserve Discount Window availability.

61

The following table presents the amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gain (loss) of the investment securities portfolio as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA loan pool securities
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
911

 
$
910

 
$
(1
)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
40,374

 
40,374

 
—

 
461,987

 
437,442

 
(24,545
)
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
267

 
277

 
10

 
418

 
427

 
9

Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
132,199

 
132,199

 
—

Collateralized loan obligations
 
748,605

 
735,011

 
(13,594
)
 
1,431,171

 
1,421,522

 
(9,649
)
Total securities available-for-sale
 
$
789,246

 
$
775,662

 
$
(13,584
)
 
$
2,026,686

 
$
1,992,500

 
$
(34,186
)
Securities available-for-sale were $775.7 million at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.22 billion, or 61.1 percent, from $1.99 billion at December 31, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to sales of $1.16 billion, calls and payoffs of $38.1 million, principal payments of $35.3 million and decrease in net unrealized losses of $20.9 million.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company changed its intent and decided to sell its non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities in an unrealized loss position due to its strategy to reposition its securities profile and recognized $3.3 million of OTTI losses during the fourth quarter of 2018. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company completed the sale of its non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities totaling $132.2 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company continued to reduce its CLO exposure by selling $644.5 million of these investments resulting in $143 thousand gain. The net proceeds from the sale of securities and the run-off in CLOs were used to redeem $1.49 billion of high cost brokered deposits and pay down $130.0 million of higher yielding FHLB advances. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $380.9 million and $385.8 million, respectively, in MBS resulting in a loss of $5.1 million and $5.0 million, respectively. The remaining balance of MBS are expected to be sold in the fourth quarter of 2019 with all of the MBS sale proceeds expected to be reinvested into a mix of security classes, resulting in an overall shorter duration for the portfolio. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded OTTI for its remaining portfolio of 9 MBS of $731 thousand and $731 thousand, respectively. The OTTI was recognized as a result of the Company's ongoing strategic decision to liquidate this longer duration portfolio.
CLOs totaled $748.6 million and $1.43 billion in amortized cost basis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 respectively. CLOs are floating rate debt securities backed by pools of senior secured commercial loans to a diverse group of companies across a broad spectrum of industries. Underlying loans are generally secured by a company’s assets such as inventory, equipment, property, and/or real estate. CLOs are structured to diversify exposure to a broad sector of industries. The payments on these commercial loans support interest and principal on the CLOs across classes that range from AAA rated to equity tranches. The Company believes that its CLO portfolio, consisting entirely of variable rate securities, supports the Company’s interest rate risk management strategy by lowering the extension risk and duration risk inherent to certain fixed rate investment securities. At September 30, 2019, the Company owned AAA and AA rated CLOs and did not own CLOs rated below AA. As all CLOs are also rated above investment grade credit ratings and were diversified across issuers, the Company believes that these CLOs enhance the Company's liquidity position. The Company also maintains pre-purchase due diligence and ongoing review processes by a dedicated credit administration team. The ongoing review process includes monitoring of performance factors including external credit ratings, collateralization levels, collateral concentration levels and other performance factors. The Company only acquires CLOs that it believes are Volcker Rule compliant.
The Company did not record OTTI for any other investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 or 2018. The Company monitors its securities portfolio to ensure it has adequate credit support. As of September 30, 2019, the Company believed there was no further OTTI and did not have the intent to sell securities with fair value below amortized cost at September 30, 2019. The Company considers the lowest credit rating for identification of potential OTTI. As of September 30, 2019, all of the Company's investment securities in an unrealized loss position received an investment grade credit rating. As part of the OTTI analysis performed, the Company believes the CLO securities are not OTTI, and the fair value is predominantly driven by interest rates.

62

The following table presents the composition of the repricing and yield information of the investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2019:
 
 
One Year or Less
 
More than One Year through Five Years
 
More than Five Years through Ten Years
 
More than Ten Years
 
Total
($ in thousands)
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted Average Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted Average Yield
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
40,374

 
2.56
%
 
$
40,374

 
2.56
%
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
65

 
2.68
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
212

 
5.79
%
 
277

 
5.06
%
Collateralized loan obligations
 
735,011

 
3.52
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
735,011

 
3.52
%
Total securities available-for-sale
 
$
735,076

 
3.52
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
40,586

 
2.58
%
 
$
775,662

 
3.47
%


63

Loans Held-for-Sale
Total loans held-for-sale on a consolidated operations basis were $23.9 million and $27.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
During the second quarter of 2019, the Company transferred $573.9 million in multifamily loans from loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale, carried at lower of cost or fair value, related to our Freddie Mac multifamily securitization which was completed during the third quarter of 2019. The loans included in the securitization had a weighted average coupon of 3.79% and a weighted average term to initial reset of 3.5 years. The related mortgage servicing rights were also sold.
The Company realized a gross gain on fair value of the loans sold into the securitization of $8.9 million, offset by a $9.6 million loss from interest rate swap agreements entered into in order to offset variability in the fair value of the securitized loans as a result of changes in market interest rates. The $8.9 million gross gain was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2019 when the securitization settled, while the corresponding loss, as previously disclosed, was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2019 because the interest rate swap agreements were entered into during May 2019 in preparation for the securitization.
As of September 30, 2019, loans held-for-sale carried at fair value, with a balance of $23.9 million, consisted of mainly repurchased conforming SFR mortgage loans that were previously sold. As of December 31, 2018, loans held-for-sale carried at fair value were mainly repurchased conforming SFR mortgage loans that were previously sold and loans previously sold to GNMA that were delinquent more than 90 days and subject to a repurchase option by the Company. Loans held-for-sale carried at fair value on a consolidated operations basis were $23.9 million and $27.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The $3.2 million, or 11.9 percent, decrease was mainly due to sales and payoffs of $4.9 million, repurchases of $1.9 million and a transfer of one loan, totaling $276 thousand, to other real estate owned, which is included in Other Assets in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Loans held-for-sale carried at fair value, as a result of the sale of the Company's Banc Home Loans division (Refer to Note 2 - Sale of Business Unit (Discontinued Operations)), that are included Assets of Discontinued Operations on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition totaled zero and $19.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Loans Receivable, Net
The following table presents the composition of the Company’s loan and lease portfolio as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Amount Change
 
Percentage Change
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
1,789,478

 
$
1,944,142

 
$
(154,664
)
 
(8.0
)%
Commercial real estate
 
891,029

 
867,013

 
24,016

 
2.8
 %
Multifamily
 
1,563,757

 
2,241,246

 
(677,489
)
 
(30.2
)%
SBA
 
75,359

 
68,741

 
6,618

 
9.6
 %
Construction
 
228,561

 
203,976

 
24,585

 
12.1
 %
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
1,775,953

 
2,305,490

 
(529,537
)
 
(23.0
)%
Other consumer
 
59,122

 
70,265

 
(11,143
)
 
(15.9
)%
Total loans(1)
 
6,383,259

 
7,700,873

 
(1,317,614
)
 
(17.1
)%
Allowance for loan losses
 
(62,927
)
 
(62,192
)
 
(735
)
 
1.2
 %
Total loans receivable, net
 
$
6,320,332

 
$
7,638,681

 
$
(1,318,349
)
 
(17.3
)%
(1)
Total loans include deferred loan origination costs/(fees) and premiums/(discounts), net of $15.3 million and $17.7 million, respectively, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $144 thousand and $374.8 million, respectively, in single family residential loans, resulting in a (loss) gain of $(150) thousand and $1.6 million, respectively.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold $573.5 million of multifamily residential loans resulting in a gross gain of $8.9 million.
Non-Traditional Mortgage Portfolio ("NTM")
The Company’s NTM portfolio is comprised of three interest only products: Green Loans, Interest Only loans and a small number of additional loans with the potential for negative amortization. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the NTM portfolio totaled $653.5 million, or 10.2 percent of the total gross loan portfolio, and $826.7 million, or 10.7 percent of

64

the total gross loan portfolio, respectively. The total NTM portfolio decreased by $173.3 million, or 21.0 percent. during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to paydowns and amortization of $215.6 million, partially offset by originations of $57.8 million.
The initial credit guidelines for the NTM portfolio were established based on the borrower's Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score, LTV ratio, property type, occupancy type, loan amount, and geography. Additionally, from an ongoing credit risk management perspective, the Company has determined that the most significant performance indicators for NTMs are LTV ratios and FICO scores. The Company reviews the NTM loan portfolio periodically, which includes refreshing FICO scores on the Green Loans and HELOCs and ordering third party automated valuation models (AVMs) to confirm collateral values.
Green Loans
The Company discontinued the origination of Green Loan products in 2011. Green Loans are SFR first and second mortgage lines of credit with a linked checking account that allows all types of deposits and withdrawals to be performed. The loans are generally interest only with a 15-year balloon payment due at maturity. The Company initiated the Green Loan products in 2005 and proactively refined underwriting and credit management practices and credit guidelines in response to changing economic environments, competitive conditions and portfolio performance. The Company continues to manage credit risk, to the extent possible, throughout the borrower’s credit cycle.
Green Loans totaled $61.8 million at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $8.3 million, or 11.8 percent from $70.1 million at December 31, 2018, primarily due to reductions in principal balances and payoffs. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $286 thousand and zero, respectively, of the Company’s Green Loans were non-performing. As a result of their unique payment feature, Green Loans possess higher credit risk due to the potential of negative amortization; however, management believes the risk is mitigated through the Company’s loan terms and underwriting standards, including its policies on loan-to-value ratios and the Company’s contractual ability to curtail loans when the value of underlying collateral declines.
The Green Loans are similar to HELOCs in that they are collateralized primarily by the equity in the borrower's home. However, some Green Loans differ from HELOCs relating to certain characteristics including one-action laws. Similar to Green Loans, HELOCs allow the borrower to draw down on the credit line based on an established loan amount for a period of time, typically 10 years, requiring an interest only payment with an option to pay principal at any time. A typical HELOC provides that at the end of the term the borrower can continue to make monthly principal and interest payments based on the loan balance until the maturity date. The Green Loan is an interest only loan with a maturity of 15 years, at which time the loan becomes due and payable with a balloon payment at maturity. The unique payment structure also differs from a traditional HELOC in that payments are made through the direct linkage of a personal checking account to the loan through a nightly sweep of funds into the Green Loan Account. This reduces any outstanding balance on the loan by the total amount deposited into the checking account. As a result, every time a deposit is made, effectively a payment to the Green Loan is made. HELOCs typically do not cause the loan to be paid down by a borrower’s depositing of funds into their checking account at the same bank.
Credit guidelines for Green Loans were established based on borrower FICO scores, property type, occupancy type, loan amount, and geography. Property types include single family residences and second trust deeds where the Company held the first liens, owner occupied as well as non-owner occupied properties. The Company utilized its underwriting guidelines for first liens to underwrite the Green Loan secured by second trust deeds as if the combined loans were a single Green Loan. For all Green Loans, the loan income was underwritten using either full income documentation or alternative income documentation.
The following table presents the Company’s Green Loans first lien portfolio at September 30, 2019 by FICO scores that were obtained during the quarter ended September 30, 2019, compared to the FICO scores for those same loans that were obtained during the quarter ended June 30, 2019:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
 
By FICO Scores Obtained During the Quarter Ended September 30, 2019
 
By FICO Scores Obtained During the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019
 
Change
($ in thousands)
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
FICO Score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
800+
 
18

 
$
10,631

 
17.9
%
 
15

 
$
10,221

 
16.6
%
 
3

 
$
410

 
4.0
 %
700-799
 
38

 
27,721

 
46.5
%
 
42

 
28,744

 
46.8
%
 
(4
)
 
(1,023
)
 
(3.6
)%
600-699
 
12

 
14,143

 
23.8
%
 
16

 
17,948

 
29.2
%
 
(4
)
 
(3,805
)
 
(21.2
)%
<600
 
5

 
3,286

 
5.5
%
 
2

 
771

 
1.3
%
 
3

 
2,515

 
326.2
 %
No FICO
 
3

 
3,757

 
6.3
%
 
3

 
3,755

 
6.1
%
 
—

 
2

 
0.1
 %
Totals
 
76

 
$
59,538

 
100.0
%
 
78

 
$
61,439

 
100.0
%
 
(2
)
 
$
(1,901
)
 
(3.1
)%

65

Interest Only Loans
Interest only loans are primarily SFR mortgage loans with payment features that allow interest only payments in initial periods before converting to a fully amortizing loan. Interest only loans totaled $588.6 million at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $164.5 million, or 21.8 percent, from $753.1 million at December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to paydowns and amortization of $206.8 million, partially offset by originations of $57.8 million. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $827 thousand and $0, respectively, of the interest only loans were non-performing.
Loans with the Potential for Negative Amortization
Negative amortization loans other than Green Loans totaled $3.1 million at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $466 thousand, or 13.2 percent, from $3.5 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company discontinued origination of negative amortization loans in 2007. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, none of the loans that had the potential for negative amortization were non-performing. These loans pose a potentially higher credit risk because of the lack of principal amortization and potential for negative amortization; however, management believes the risk is mitigated through the loan terms and underwriting standards, including the Company’s policies on loan-to-value ratios.
NTM Loan Credit Risk Management
The Company performs detailed reviews of collateral values on loans collateralized by residential real property including its NTM portfolio based on appraisals or estimates from third party AVMs to analyze property value trends periodically. AVMs are used to identify loans that have experienced potential collateral deterioration. Once a loan has been identified that may have experienced collateral deterioration, the Company will obtain updated drive by or full appraisals in order to confirm the valuation. This information is used to update key monitoring metrics such as LTV ratios. Additionally, FICO scores are obtained in conjunction with the collateral analysis. In addition to LTV ratios and FICO scores, the Company evaluates the portfolio on a specific loan basis through delinquency and portfolio charge-offs to determine whether any risk mitigation or portfolio management actions are warranted. The borrowers may be contacted as necessary to discuss material changes in loan performance or credit metrics.
The Company’s risk management policy and credit monitoring includes reviewing delinquency, FICO scores, and collateral values on the NTM loan portfolio. The Company also continuously monitors market conditions for our geographic lending areas. The Company has determined that the most significant performance indicators for NTM are LTV ratios and FICO scores. The loan review provides an effective method of identifying borrowers who may be experiencing financial difficulty before they fail to make a loan payment. Upon receipt of the updated FICO scores, an exception report is run to identify loans with a decrease in FICO score of 10 percent or more and a resulting FICO score of 620 or less. The loans are then further analyzed to determine if the risk rating should be downgraded, which may require an increase in the ALLL the Company needs to establish for potential losses. A report is prepared and regularly monitored.
As these Green loans are revolving lines of credit, the Company, based on the loan agreement and loan covenants of the particular loan, as well as applicable rules and regulations, could suspend the borrowing privileges or reduce the credit limit at any time the Company reasonably believes that the borrower will be unable to fulfill their repayment obligations under the agreement or certain other conditions are met. In many cases, the decrease in FICO score is the first red flag that the borrower may have difficulty in making their future payment obligations.
As a result, the Company proactively manages the portfolio by performing a detailed analysis with emphasis on the non-traditional mortgage portfolio. The Company’s Management Credit Committee (MCC) conducts regular meetings to review the loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful and determines whether suspension of the line or reduction in the credit limit is warranted. If the line has been suspended and the borrower would like to have their credit privileges reinstated, they would need to provide updated financials showing their ability to meet their payment obligations. From the most recent review completed during the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company made no curtailment in available commitments on Green Loans.
On the interest only loans, the Company projects future payment changes to determine if there will be an increase in payment of 3.50 percent or greater and then monitors the loans for possible delinquencies. The individual loans are monitored for possible downgrading of risk rating, and trends within the portfolio are identified that could affect other interest only loans scheduled for payment changes in the near future.
Consumer and NTM loans may entail greater risk than do traditional SFR mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles and recreational vehicles. In these cases, any repossessed collateral for a consumer and NTM loan are more dependent on the borrower‘s continued financial stability and, thus, are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness, or personal bankruptcy.

66

Loan-to-Value Ratio
LTV ratio represents estimated current loan to value ratio, determined by dividing current unpaid principal balance by latest estimated property value received per the Company policy. The table below represents the Company’s single family residential NTM first lien portfolio by LTV ratios as of the dates indicated:
 
 
Green
 
Interest Only
 
Negative Amortization
 
Total
($ in thousands)
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Count
 
Amount
 
Percent
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
< 61%
 
62

 
$
48,421

 
81.3
%
 
250

 
$
374,143

 
63.6
%
 
9

 
$
3,062

 
100.0
%
 
321

 
$
425,626

 
65.4
%
61-80%
 
11

 
8,691

 
14.6
%
 
148

 
194,710

 
33.1
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
159

 
203,401

 
31.2
%
81-100%
 
3

 
2,426

 
4.1
%
 
8

 
13,802

 
2.3
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
11

 
16,228

 
2.5
%
> 100%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
3

 
5,912

 
1.0
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
3

 
5,912

 
0.9
%
Total
 
76

 
$
59,538

 
100.0
%
 
409

 
$
588,567

 
100.0
%
 
9

 
$
3,062

 
100.0
%
 
494

 
$
651,167

 
100.0
%
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
< 61%
 
69

 
$
51,827

 
76.5
%
 
312

 
$
495,930

 
65.9
%
 
11

 
$
3,528

 
100.0
%
 
392

 
$
551,285

 
66.9
%
61-80%
 
17

 
13,476

 
19.9
%
 
201

 
245,568

 
32.6
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
218

 
259,044

 
31.4
%
81-100%
 
2

 
2,426

 
3.6
%
 
5

 
7,441

 
1.0
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
7

 
9,867

 
1.2
%
> 100%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
1

 
4,122

 
0.5
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
1

 
4,122

 
0.5
%
Total
 
88

 
$
67,729

 
100.0
%
 
519

 
$
753,061

 
100.0
%
 
11

 
$
3,528

 
100.0
%
 
618

 
$
824,318

 
100.0
%


67

Non-Performing Assets
The following table presents a summary of total non-performing assets, excluding loans held-for-sale, as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Amount Change
 
Percentage Change
Loans past due 90 days or more still on accrual
 
$
—

 
$
470

 
$
(470
)
 
(100.0
)%
Non-accrual loans
 
45,169

 
21,585

 
23,584

 
109.3
 %
Total non-performing loans
 
45,169

 
22,055

 
23,114

 
104.8
 %
Other real estate owned
 
—

 
672

 
(672
)
 
(100.0
)%
Total non-performing assets
 
$
45,169

 
$
22,727

 
$
22,442

 
98.7
 %
Performing restructured loans (1)
 
$
6,800

 
$
5,745

 
$
1,055

 
18.4
 %
Total non-performing loans to total loans
 
0.71
%
 
0.29
%
 
 
 
 
Total non-performing assets to total assets
 
0.52
%
 
0.21
%
 
 
 
 
ALLL to non-performing loans
 
139.31
%
 
281.99
%
 
 
 
 
(1) Excluded from non-performing loans
Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due, unless management believes the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Past due loans may or may not be adequately collateralized, but collection efforts are continuously pursued. Loans may be restructured by management when a borrower experiences changes to their financial condition, causing an inability to meet the original repayment terms, and where we believe the borrower will eventually overcome those circumstances and repay the loan in full.
Additional income of approximately $509 thousand and $1.2 million would have been recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, had these loans been paid in accordance with their original terms throughout the periods indicated.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, non-accrual loans increased $23.6 million due to certain single family residential, SBA and construction loans being placed on non-accrual status. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the provision for loan losses reflects the impact of the aforementioned $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit originated in November 2017 to a borrower purportedly the subject of a fraudulent scheme. In addition, the charge-off increased the loss factor used in our allowance for loan loss for commercial and industrial loans, resulting in an additional loan loss provision of $3.0 million. The provision for loan losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 also reflects a $37.7 million increase in special mention, substandard and doubtful loans, coupled with increases in delinquencies and nonperforming loans offset by the $1.36 billion reduction in the pass-rated portfolio balances and overall decreases in average loan balances as a result of sales since December 31, 2018.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Loans that the Company modifies or restructures where the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties and makes a concession to the borrower in the form of changes in the amortization terms, reductions in the interest rates, the acceptance of interest only payments and, in limited cases, reductions in the outstanding loan balances are classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). TDRs are loans modified for the purpose of alleviating temporary impairments to the borrower’s financial condition. A workout plan between a borrower and the Company is designed to provide a bridge for the cash flow shortfalls in the near term. If the borrower works through the near term issues, in most cases, the original contractual terms of the loan will be reinstated.
At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 23 and 13 loans, respectively, with an aggregate balance of $21.4 million and $8.0 million, respectively, classified as TDRs. When a loan becomes a TDR, the Company ceases accruing interest, and classifies it as non-accrual until the borrower demonstrates that the loan is again performing. The increase in TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to one commercial and industrial relationship.
At September 30, 2019, of the 23 loans classified as TDRs, 13 loans totaling $6.8 million were making payments according to their modified terms and were less than 90 days delinquent under the modified terms and, as such, were on accruing status. At December 31, 2018, of the 13 loans classified as TDRs, 12 loans totaling $5.7 million were making payments according to their modified terms and were less than 90 days delinquent under the modified terms and, as such, were on accruing status.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company maintains an ALLL to absorb probable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The ALLL is based on an ongoing assessment of the estimated probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. In evaluating the level of the ALLL, management considers the types of loans and the amount of loans in the portfolio, peer group information,

68

historical loss experience, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This methodology takes into account many factors, including the Company’s own historical and peer loss trends, loan-level credit quality ratings, loan specific attributes along with a review of various credit metrics and trends. The process involves subjective as well as complex judgments. In addition, the Company uses adjustments for numerous factors including those found in the federal banking agencies' joint Interagency Policy Statement on ALLL, which include current economic conditions, loan seasoning, underwriting experience, and collateral value changes among others. The Company evaluates all impaired loans individually using guidance from ASC 310 primarily through the evaluation of cash flows or collateral values.
The following table provides a summary of the allocation of the ALLL by loan category as well as loans receivable for each category as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
ALLL
 
Loans Receivable
 
% of
Loans in Category to Total Loans
 
ALLL
 
Loans Receivable
 
% of
Loans in Category to
Total Loans
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
24,575

 
$
1,789,478

 
28.0
%
 
$
18,191

 
$
1,944,142

 
25.2
%
Commercial real estate
 
6,579

 
891,029

 
14.0
%
 
6,674

 
867,013

 
11.3
%
Multifamily
 
11,965

 
1,563,757

 
24.5
%
 
17,970

 
2,241,246

 
29.2
%
SBA
 
4,118

 
75,359

 
1.2
%
 
1,827

 
68,741

 
0.9
%
Construction
 
3,880

 
228,561

 
3.6
%
 
3,461

 
203,976

 
2.6
%
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
11,279

 
1,775,953

 
27.8
%
 
13,128

 
2,305,490

 
29.9
%
Other consumer
 
531

 
59,122

 
0.9
%
 
941

 
70,265

 
0.9
%
Total
 
$
62,927

 
$
6,383,259

 
100.0
%
 
$
62,192

 
$
7,700,873

 
100.0
%
The following table presents the ALLL allocation among loan origination types as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Amount Change
 
Percentage Change
Loan breakdown by origination type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated loans
 
$
5,888,647

 
$
7,105,171

 
$
(1,216,524
)
 
(17.1
)%
Acquired loans not impaired at acquisition
 
494,612

 
595,702

 
(101,090
)
 
(17.0
)%
Total loans
 
$
6,383,259

 
$
7,700,873

 
$
(1,317,614
)
 
(17.1
)%
ALLL breakdown by origination type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated loans
 
$
61,306

 
$
61,255

 
$
51

 
0.1
 %
Acquired loans not impaired at acquisition
 
1,621

 
937

 
684

 
73.0
 %
Total ALLL
 
$
62,927

 
$
62,192

 
$
735

 
1.2
 %
Discount on purchased/acquired Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired loans not impaired at acquisition
 
$
9,062

 
$
11,645

 
$
(2,583
)
 
(22.2
)%
Total discount
 
$
9,062

 
$
11,645

 
$
(2,583
)
 
(22.2
)%
Percentage of ALLL to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated loans
 
1.04
%
 
0.86
%
 
0.18
%
 
 
Originated loans and acquired loans not impaired at acquisition
 
0.99
%
 
0.81
%
 
0.18
%
 
 
Total loans
 
0.99
%
 
0.81
%
 
0.18
%
 
 


69

The following table provides information regarding activity in the ALLL during the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
ALLL at beginning of period
 
$
59,523

 
$
56,678

 
$
62,192

 
$
49,333

Charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
(34,673
)
 
(342
)
 
(36,788
)
 
(689
)
Multifamily
 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
 
(8
)
SBA
 
(738
)
 
—

 
(1,086
)
 
(683
)
Single family residential mortgage
 
(135
)
 
(45
)
 
(1,086
)
 
(524
)
Other consumer
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(94
)
 
(14,073
)
Total charge-offs
 
(35,546
)
 
(388
)
 
(39,060
)
 
(15,977
)
Recoveries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
59

 
61

 
102

 
158

SBA
 
50

 
8

 
152

 
240

Lease financing
 
3

 
3

 
9

 
12

Single family residential mortgage
 
—

 
—

 
150

 
436

Other consumer
 
298

 
10

 
317

 
18

Total recoveries
 
410

 
82

 
730

 
864

Net charge-offs
 
(35,136
)
 
(306
)
 
(38,330
)
 
(15,113
)
Provision for loan losses
 
38,540

 
1,410

 
39,065

 
23,562

ALLL at end of period
 
$
62,927

 
$
57,782

 
$
62,927

 
$
57,782

Average total loans held-for-investment
 
$
6,482,566

 
$
7,123,619

 
$
7,183,761

 
$
6,945,551

Total loans held-for-investment at end of period
 
$
6,383,259

 
$
7,253,293

 
$
6,383,259

 
$
7,253,293

Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annualized net charge-offs to average total loans held-for-investment
 
2.17
%
 
0.02
%
 
0.71
%
 
0.29
%
ALLL to total loans held-for-investment
 
0.99
%
 
0.80
%
 
0.99
%
 
0.80
%
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, net charge-offs were $35.1 million and $38.3 million, respectively compared to $306 thousand and $15.1 million, respectively, during the comparable 2018 periods. Included in net charge-offs during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was the aforementioned $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit originated in November 2017 to a borrower purportedly the subject of a fraudulent scheme. In addition, the charge-off increased the loss factor used in our allowance for loan loss for commercial and industrial loans, resulting in an additional loan loss provision of $3.0 million. On October 22, 2019, in connection with this matter, the Bank filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (Case CV '19 02031 GPC KSC) seeking to recover its losses and other monetary damages against Chicago Title Insurance Company and Chicago Title Company, asserting claims under RICO, 18 U.S.C § 1962 and for RICO Conspiracy, Fraud, Aiding and Abetting Fraud, Negligent Misrepresentation, Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Negligence. We are actively considering and pursuing available sources of recovery and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in that regard. Also included in charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was a $2.0 million charge-off related to a commercial and industrial loan.
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company undertook an extensive collateral review of all lending relationships $5 million and above not secured by real estate, consisting of 53 loans representing $536 million in commitments. The collateral review focused on security and collateral documentation and confirmation of the bank's collateral interest. The review was performed within the bank's Internal Audit division and the work was validated by an independent third party. While the review and outside validation is not yet complete, to date, we have not identified any other instances of apparent fraud for the credits reviewed or concerns over the existence of collateral held by the bank or on our behalf at third parties; however, there are no assurances that our internal review and third party validation will be sufficient to identify all such issues.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a charge-off of $13.9 million, which reflected the outstanding balance under a $15.0 million line of credit that was originated during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Subsequent to the granting of the line of credit, representations from the borrower in applying for the line of credit were determined by the Bank to be false, and bank account statements provided by the borrower to secure the line of credit were found to be fraudulent. The line of credit was granted after the borrower appeared to have satisfied a pre-condition that the line

70

of credit be fully cash collateralized and secured by a bank account at a third party financial institution pledged to the Bank. As part of the Bank’s credit review and portfolio management process, the line of credit and disbursements were reviewed subsequent to closing and compliance with the borrower’s covenants was monitored. As part of this process, on March 9, 2018, the Bank received information that caused it to believe the existence of the pledged bank account had been misrepresented by the borrower and that the account had previously been closed. The Bank filed an action in Federal court pursuing the borrower and other parties. That action was voluntarily dismissed by the Bank without prejudice, and a substantially similar action was filed in Los Angeles County Superior Court. The Bank is also considering other available sources of collection and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that it will be successful in this regard.
Alternative Energy Partnerships
The Company invests in certain alternative energy partnerships (limited liability companies) formed to provide sustainable energy projects that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits (energy tax credits) and other tax benefits. The investment helps promote the development of renewable energy sources and help lower the cost of housing for residents by lowering homeowners’ monthly utility costs.
As the Company’s respective investments in these entities are more than minor, the Company has significant influence, but not control, over the investee’s activities that most significantly impact its economic performance. As a result, the Company is required to apply the equity method of accounting, which generally prescribes applying the percentage ownership interest to the investee’s GAAP net income in order to determine the investor’s earnings or losses in a given period. However, because the liquidation rights, tax credit allocations and other benefits to investors can change upon the occurrence of specified events, application of the equity method based on the underlying ownership percentages would not accurately represent the Company’s investment. As a result, the Company applies the Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (“HLBV”) method of the equity method of accounting.
The HLBV method is a balance sheet approach whereby a calculation is prepared at each balance sheet date to estimate the amount that the Company would receive if the equity investment entity were to liquidate all of its assets (as valued in accordance with GAAP) and distribute that cash to the investors based on the contractually defined liquidation priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions, is the Company’s share of the earnings or losses from the equity investment for the period.
The following table presents the activity related to the Company’s investment in alternative energy partnerships for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
26,633

 
$
44,806

 
$
28,988

 
$
48,826

New funding
 
—

 
—

 
235

 
—

Return of unused capital
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,027
)
Cash distribution from investments
 
(534
)
 
(541
)
 
(1,529
)
 
(1,760
)
Gain (loss) on investments using HLBV method
 
940

 
(2,484
)
 
(655
)
 
(4,258
)
Balance at end of period
 
$
27,039

 
$
41,781

 
$
27,039

 
$
41,781

Unfunded equity commitments
 
$
3,796

 
$
—

 
$
3,796

 
$
—

The Company’s returns on investments in alternative energy partnerships are primarily obtained through the realization of energy tax credits and other tax benefits rather than through distributions or through the sale of the investment.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company funded zero and $235 thousand, respectively, for its alternative energy partnerships and did not receive any return of capital from its alternative energy partnerships. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company did not receive any return of capital and did not fund any amounts into these partnerships. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company received a return of capital of $1.0 million and funded zero, respectively, from and into these partnerships.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized a gain on investment of $940 thousand and a loss on investment of $2.5 million, respectively, through its HLBV application. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized a loss on investment of $655 thousand and a loss of $4.3 million, respectively, through its HLBV application. As a result, the balance of these investments was $27.0 million and $41.8 million at September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. From an income tax benefit perspective, the Company recognized investment

71

tax credits of $862 thousand and $412 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $2.6 million and $9.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as well as income tax expense (benefits) relating to the recognition of its gain (loss) through its HLBV application during these periods.
The HLBV losses for the periods were largely driven by accelerated tax depreciation on equipment and the recognition of energy tax credits which reduces the amount distributable by the investee in a hypothetical liquidation under the contractual liquidation provisions.
For additional information, see Note 14 to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

72

Deposits
The following table shows the composition of deposits by type as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
Amount Change
 
Percentage Change
Noninterest-bearing deposits
 
$
1,107,442

 
$
1,023,360

 
$
84,082

 
8.2
 %
Interest-bearing demand deposits
 
1,503,208

 
1,556,410

 
(53,202
)
 
(3.4
)%
Money market accounts
 
695,530

 
873,153

 
(177,623
)
 
(20.3
)%
Savings accounts
 
1,042,162

 
1,265,847

 
(223,685
)
 
(17.7
)%
Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or less
 
736,162

 
2,388,592

 
(1,652,430
)
 
(69.2
)%
Certificates of deposit of more than $250,000
 
685,554

 
809,282

 
(123,728
)
 
(15.3
)%
Total deposits
 
$
5,770,058

 
$
7,916,644

 
$
(2,146,586
)
 
(27.1
)%
Total deposits were $5.77 billion at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.15 billion, or 27.1 percent, from $7.92 billion at December 31, 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the Company's continuous efforts to build core deposits across the Company's business units, including strong growth from the community banking and private banking channel, offset by the Company's strategic reduction of high-rate and high-volatility deposits during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, demand deposits increased by $30.9 million, consisting of $84.1 million increase in noninterest-bearing deposits partially offset by a decrease of $53.2 million of interest-bearing demand deposits. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company used proceeds from the sale of loans and investments to redeem $1.49 billion of higher cost brokered certificates of deposits.
Brokered deposits were $93.1 million at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.62 billion, or 94.6 percent, from $1.71 billion at December 31, 2018. The decrease between periods is primarily related to the aforementioned $1.49 billion reduction in higher cost brokered certificates of deposits.
The following table presents the scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit as of September 30, 2019:
($ in thousands)
 
Three Months or Less
 
Over Three Months Through Six Months
 
Over Six Months Through Twelve Months
 
Over One Year
 
Total
Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or less
 
$
217,649

 
$
169,958

 
$
255,854

 
$
92,701

 
$
736,162

Certificates of deposit of more than $250,000
 
301,411

 
216,532

 
116,098

 
51,513

 
685,554

Total certificates of deposit
 
$
519,060

 
$
386,490

 
$
371,952

 
$
144,214

 
$
1,421,716

Borrowings
The Company utilizes FHLB advances and securities sold under repurchase agreements to leverage its capital base, to provide funds for its lending activities, as a source of liquidity, and to enhance its interest rate risk management. The Company also maintains additional borrowing availabilities from Federal Reserve Discount Window and unsecured federal funds lines of credit.
Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) increased $130.0 million, or 8.6%, to $1.7 billion as of September 30, 2019, as a result of a $155.0 million net increase in short-term and overnight advances with the FHLB, offset by $25.0 million in maturities of long-term advances. As of September 30, 2019, the maturity dates of FHLB advances consisted of $670.0 million of overnight, $300.0 million maturing in three months or less, and $680.0 million maturing beyond three months. As of the end of the quarter, the overnight advance interest rate was 2.08%. The Company did not utilize repurchase agreements at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
For additional information, see Note 8 to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


73

Long Term Debt
The following table presents the Company's long term debt as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Par Value
 
Unamortized Debt Issuance Cost and Discount
 
Par Value
 
Unamortized Debt Issuance Cost and Discount
5.25% senior notes due April 15, 2025
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,661
)
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,826
)
Total
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,661
)
 
$
175,000

 
$
(1,826
)
For additional information, see Note 9 to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) included Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments
The Company maintains a reserve for unfunded loan commitments at a level that is considered adequate to cover the estimated and known inherent risks. The probability of usage of the unfunded loan commitments and credit risk factors are determined based on outstanding loans that share similar credit risk exposure. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $4.4 million and $4.6 million, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to a reduction in expected utilization of unfunded loan commitments.
The following table presents a summary of activity in the reserve for unfunded loan commitments for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
4,295

 
$
4,031

 
$
4,622

 
$
3,716

Provision for (reversal of) unfunded loan commitments
 
67

 
217

 
(260
)
 
532

Balance at end of period
 
$
4,362

 
$
4,248

 
$
4,362

 
$
4,248

Liquidity Management
The Company is required to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure a safe and sound operation. Liquidity may increase or decrease depending upon availability of funds and comparative yields on investments in relation to the return on loans. Historically, the Company has maintained liquid assets above levels believed to be adequate to meet the requirements of normal operations, including potential deposit outflows and dividend payments. Cash flow projections are regularly reviewed and updated to ensure that adequate liquidity is maintained.
Banc of California, N.A.
The Bank's liquidity, represented by cash and cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale, is a product of its operating, investing, and financing activities. The Bank's primary sources of funds are deposits, payments and maturities of outstanding loans and investment securities; sales of loans and investment securities and other short-term investments and funds provided from operations. While scheduled payments from the amortization of loans and investment securities, and maturing investment securities and short-term investments are relatively predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. In addition, the Bank invests excess funds in short-term interest-earning assets, which provide liquidity to meet lending requirements. The Bank also generates cash through borrowings. The Bank mainly utilizes FHLB advances and securities sold under repurchase agreements to leverage its capital base, to provide funds for its lending activities, as a source of liquidity, and to enhance its interest rate risk management. The Bank also has the ability to obtain brokered deposits and collect deposits through its wholesale and treasury operations. Liquidity management is both a daily and long-term function of business management. Any excess liquidity is typically invested in federal funds or investment securities. On a longer-term basis, the Bank maintains a strategy of investing in various lending products. The Bank uses its sources of funds primarily to meet its ongoing loan and other commitments, and to pay maturing certificates of deposit and savings withdrawals.
Banc of California, Inc.
The primary sources of funds for Banc of California, Inc., on a stand-alone holding company basis, are dividends and intercompany tax payments from the Bank, outside borrowing, and its ability to raise capital and issue debt securities. Dividends from the Bank are largely dependent upon the Bank's earnings and are subject to restrictions under certain regulations that limit its ability to transfer funds to the holding company. OCC regulations impose various restrictions on the

74

ability of a bank to make capital distributions, which include dividends, stock redemptions or repurchases, and certain other items. Generally, a well-capitalized bank may make capital distributions during any calendar year equal to up to 100 percent of year-to-date net income plus retained net income for the two preceding years without prior OCC approval. However, any dividend paid by the Bank would be limited by the need to maintain its well capitalized status plus the capital buffer in order to avoid additional dividend restrictions (Refer to Capital - Dividend Restrictions below for additional information). During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Bank paid dividends of $142.5 million to Banc of California, Inc. At September 30, 2019, Banc of California, Inc. had $85.6 million in cash, all of which was on deposit at the Bank. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company completed a tender offer for depositary shares representing shares of its Series D and Series E preferred stock. The total consideration for each Series E Depositary Share tendered and accepted for purchase pursuant to the offer equaled $27.13. The total consideration for each Series D Depositary Share tendered and accepted for purchase pursuant to the offer equaled $26.39. The aggregate total consideration payable by the Company for the preferred stock accepted for purchase was $46.0 million inclusive of premium to par and accrued dividends ($19.4 million of series D and $26.6 million series E depository shares). The tender resulted in a $5.1 million reduction to net income available to common shareholders.
On a consolidated basis, the Company maintained $526.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, which was 6.1 percent of total assets at September 30, 2019. The Company's cash and cash equivalents increased by $135.3 million, or 34.5 percent, from $391.6 million, or 3.7 percent of total assets, at December 31, 2018. The increase was mainly due to the decrease in deposits and reductions in FHLB advances, offset by cash received from sales of investment securities and loans. The Company has benefited from completion during late 2018 of its exit from high-rate and high-volatility institutional deposits and reduced the reliance on brokered deposits by replacing them with core deposits to fund new loan originations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company also strategically decreased its securities portfolio to navigate a volatile rate environment by completing the sale of its entire commercial mortgage-backed securities portfolio and reducing its collateralized loan obligations and mortgage-back securities exposure by selling $1.16 billion of these investments. All of these strategic actions were taken in order to expand core lending activities across the organization and reduce its reliance on higher costing brokered certificates of deposit, while attempting to reduce risk on the Company's balance sheet.
At September 30, 2019, the Company had available unused secured borrowing capacities of $874.6 million from FHLB and $21.0 million from Federal Reserve Discount Window, as well as $185.0 million from unused unsecured federal funds lines of credit. The Company also maintained repurchase agreements and had no outstanding securities sold under repurchase agreements at September 30, 2019. Availabilities and terms on repurchase agreements are subject to the counterparties' discretion and pledging additional investment securities. The Company also had unpledged securities available-for-sale of $711.1 million at September 30, 2019. On February 14, 2019, the Company entered into a new line of credit for $15.0 million, which bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.00% and has a maturity date of February 13, 2020. Subsequent to September 30, 2019, the Company terminated this $15 million line of credit.
The Company believes that its liquidity sources are stable and are adequate to meet its day-to-day cash flow requirements. As of September 30, 2019, the Company believes that there are no events, uncertainties, material commitments, or capital expenditures that were reasonably likely to have a material effect on its liquidity position.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
The following table presents the Company’s commitments and contractual obligations as of September 30, 2019:
 
 
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
($ in thousands)
 
Total Amount Committed
 
Within
One Year
 
More Than One Year Through Three Years
 
More Than Three Year Through Five Years
 
Over Five Years
Commitments to extend credit
 
$
185,929

 
$
57,684

 
$
108,715

 
$
1,711

 
$
17,819

Unused lines of credit
 
1,070,758

 
831,159

 
81,829

 
100,832

 
56,938

Standby letters of credit
 
8,969

 
7,697

 
1,161

 
91

 
20

Total commitments
 
$
1,265,656

 
$
896,540

 
$
191,705

 
$
102,634

 
$
74,777

FHLB advances
 
$
1,650,000

 
$
994,000

 
$
291,000

 
$
65,000

 
$
300,000

Long-term debt
 
175,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
175,000

Operating and capital lease obligations
 
28,930

 
7,230

 
13,887

 
3,095

 
4,718

Certificate of deposits
 
1,421,716

 
1,277,501

 
137,641

 
6,574

 
—

Total contractual obligations
 
$
3,275,646

 
$
2,278,731

 
$
442,528

 
$
74,669

 
$
479,718


75

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Bank entered into certain definitive agreements which grant the Bank the exclusive naming rights to Banc of California Stadium, a soccer stadium of LAFC, as well as the right to be the official bank of LAFC. In exchange for the Bank’s rights as set forth in the agreements, the Bank agreed to pay LAFC $100.0 million over a period of 15 years, beginning in 2017 and ending in 2032. The advertising benefits of such rights are amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded as advertising and promotion expense beginning in 2018. As of September 30, 2019, the Bank has paid $19.4 million of the $100.0 million commitment. The prepaid commitment balance, net of amortization, was $7.7 million as of September 30, 2019, which was recognized as a prepaid asset and included in Other Assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. See Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for additional information.
At September 30, 2019, the Company had unfunded commitments of $22.7 million, $7.6 million, and $4.3 million for affordable housing fund investments, SBIC investments, and other investments, including investments in alternative energy partnerships, respectively.
Capital
In order to maintain adequate levels of capital, the Company continuously assesses projected sources and uses of capital to support projected asset growth, operating needs and credit risk. The Company considers, among other things, earnings generated from operations and access to capital from financial markets. In addition, the Company performs capital stress tests on an annual basis to assess the impact of adverse changes in the economy on the Company's capital base.
Regulatory Capital
The Company and the Bank are subject to the regulatory capital adequacy guidelines that are established by the Federal banking regulators. In July 2013, the Federal banking regulators approved a final rule to implement the revised capital adequacy standards of the Basel III and to address relevant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule strengthens the definition of regulatory capital, increases risk-based capital requirements, makes selected changes to the calculation of risk-weighted assets, and adjusts the prompt corrective action thresholds. The Company and the Bank became subject to the new rule on January 1, 2015 and certain provisions of the new rule were phased in through January 1, 2019. Inclusive of the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer, the common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital and total risk-based capital ratio minimums are 7.0%, 8.5% and 10.5%, respectively.
The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company and the Bank as of dates indicated:

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum Capital Requirements
 
Minimum Required to Be Well-Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
($ in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Banc of California, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total risk-based capital
 
$
917,368

 
14.37
%
 
$
510,593

 
8.00
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital
 
850,079

 
13.32
%
 
382,945

 
6.00
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Common equity tier 1 capital
 
660,255

 
10.34
%
 
287,208

 
4.50
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 leverage
 
850,079

 
9.84
%
 
345,406

 
4.00
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Banc of California, NA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total risk-based capital
 
$
995,039

 
15.65
%
 
$
508,486

 
8.00
%
 
$
635,608

 
10.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital
 
927,751

 
14.60
%
 
381,365

 
6.00
%
 
508,486

 
8.00
%
Common equity tier 1 capital
 
927,751

 
14.60
%
 
286,024

 
4.50
%
 
413,145

 
6.50
%
Tier 1 leverage
 
927,751

 
10.75
%
 
345,244

 
4.00
%
 
431,555

 
5.00
%
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Banc of California, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total risk-based capital
 
$
977,342

 
13.71
%
 
$
570,368

 
8.00
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital
 
910,528

 
12.77
%
 
427,776

 
6.00
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Common equity tier 1 capital
 
679,400

 
9.53
%
 
320,832

 
4.50
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 leverage
 
910,528

 
8.95
%
 
407,145

 
4.00
%
 
 N/A

 
N/A

Banc of California, NA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total risk-based capital
 
$
1,120,122

 
15.71
%
 
$
570,832

 
8.00
%
 
$
712,977

 
10.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital
 
1,053,308

 
14.77
%
 
427,786

 
6.00
%
 
570,382

 
8.00
%
Common equity tier 1 capital
 
1,053,308

 
14.77
%
 
320,840

 
4.50
%
 
463,435

 
6.50
%
Tier 1 leverage
 
1,053,308

 
10.36
%
 
406,694

 
4.00
%
 
508,368

 
5.00
%
Dividend Restrictions
The Company’s principal source of funds for dividend payments is dividends received from the Bank. Federal banking laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid without prior approval of regulatory agencies. Under these regulations, in the case of the Bank, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the current year’s net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years, subject to the capital requirements described above. However, any dividend granted by the Bank would be limited by the need to maintain its well capitalized status plus the capital buffer in order to avoid additional dividend restrictions. In addition to dividends on its preferred stock, the Company declared and paid dividends on its common stock of $0.06 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2019. During April 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to reduce the quarterly dividend from $0.13 to $0.06 per common share. The Bank paid dividends of $142.5 million to Banc of California, Inc. during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. On August 23, 2019, the Company completed the repurchase of Series D and E Series preferred stock for total consideration of $19.4 million and $26.6 million, respectively. In connection with these repurchases, the OCC approved a dividend of $88.5 million from the Bank to Banc of California, Inc. The dividend exceeded the bank’s eligible amount pursuant to 12 USC 60, as of September 30, 2019. In exceeding the eligible amount, near term dividend payments will require prior OCC approval.


77

ITEM 3 — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our Risk When Interest Rates Change. The rates of interest we earn on assets and pay on liabilities generally are established contractually for a period of time. Market interest rates change over time. Accordingly, our results of operations, like those of other financial institutions, are impacted by changes in interest rates and the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities. The risk associated with changes in interest rates and our ability to adapt to these changes is known as interest rate risk and is our most significant market risk.
How We Measure Our Risk of Interest Rate Changes. As part of our attempt to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates and comply with applicable regulations, we have established asset/liability committees to monitor our interest rate risk. In monitoring interest rate risk we continually analyze and manage assets and liabilities based on their payment streams and interest rates, the timing of their maturities and/or prepayments, and their sensitivity to actual or potential changes in market interest rates.
We maintain both a management asset/liability committee (Management ALCO), comprised of select members of senior management, and a joint asset/liability committee of the Boards of Directors of the Company and the Bank (Board ALCO, together with Management ALCO, ALCOs). In order to manage the risk of potential adverse effects of material and prolonged or volatile changes in interest rates on our results of operations, we have adopted asset/liability management policies to align maturities and repricing terms of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities. The asset/liability management policies establish guidelines for the volume and mix of assets and funding sources taking into account relative costs and spreads, interest rate sensitivity and liquidity needs, while the ALCOs monitor adherence to those guidelines. The objectives are to manage assets and funding sources to produce results that are consistent with liquidity, capital adequacy, growth, risk, and profitability goals. The ALCOs meet periodically to review, among other things, economic conditions and interest rate outlook, current and projected liquidity needs and capital position, anticipated changes in the volume and mix of assets and liabilities and interest rate risk exposure limits versus current projections pursuant to our net present value of equity analysis.
In order to manage our assets and liabilities and achieve the desired liquidity, credit quality, interest rate risk, profitability and capital targets, we evaluate various strategies including:
•
Originating and purchasing adjustable rate mortgage loans,
•
Selling longer duration fixed or hybrid mortgage loans,
•
Originating shorter-term consumer loans,
•
Managing the duration of investment securities,
•
Managing our deposits to establish stable deposit relationships,
•
Using FHLB advances and/or certain derivatives such as swaps to align maturities and repricing terms, and
•
Managing the percentage of fixed rate loans in our portfolio.
At times, depending on the level of general interest rates, the relationship between long- and short-term interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors, the ALCOs may decide to increase the Company’s interest rate risk position within the asset/liability tolerance set forth by the Company's Board of Directors.
As part of its procedures, the ALCOs regularly review interest rate risk by forecasting the impact of alternative interest rate environments on net interest income and market value of portfolio equity, which is defined as the net present value of an institution’s existing assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments, and evaluating such impacts against the maximum potential changes in net interest income and market value of portfolio equity.


78

Interest Rate Sensitivity of Economic Value of Equity and Net Interest Income
The following table presents the projected change in the Bank’s net portfolio value at September 30, 2019 that would occur upon an immediate change in interest rates based on independent analysis, but without giving effect to any steps that management might take to counteract that change:
 
 
Change in Interest Rates in Basis Points (bps) (1)
($ in thousands)
 
Economic Value of Equity
 
Net Interest Income
 
Amount
 
Amount Change
 
Percentage Change
 
Amount
 
Amount Change
 
Percentage Change
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
+200 bps
 
$
981,091

 
$
(19,428
)
 
(1.9
)%
 
$
228,740

 
$
3,179

 
1.4
 %
+100 bps
 
995,049

 
(5,470
)
 
(0.5
)%
 
227,246

 
1,685

 
0.7
 %
0 bp
 
1,000,519

 
 
 
 
 
225,561

 
 
 
 
-100 bps
 
989,303

 
(11,216
)
 
(1.1
)%
 
224,401

 
(1,160
)
 
(0.5
)%
(1)
Assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.
As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the foregoing table. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable rate mortgage loans, have features which restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. Further, if interest rates change, expected rates of prepayments on loans and early withdrawals from certificates of deposit could deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the table.
Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting the Company. Other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of the Company’s business activities and operations.
ITEM 4 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Act) as of September 30, 2019 was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and other members of the Company’s senior management. The Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act is: (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Act) that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

79

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time we are involved as plaintiff or defendant in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business.
On September 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with the lead plaintiff to settle class action lawsuits that were previously consolidated in the United District Court for the Central District of California (the “Court”) under the caption In re Banc of California Securities Litigation, Case No. SACV 17-00118 AG, consolidated with SACV 17-00138 AG. Under the terms of the MOU, the Company’s insurance carriers would pay $19.75 million, which would be distributed to shareholders who purchased Company stock between April 15, 2016 and January 20, 2017, after payment of attorney’s fees and costs, to be determined by the Court. The Company would not be required to contribute any cash to the settlement payments. Pursuant to the settlement, the action against the Company would be dismissed with prejudice. Plaintiff would also dismiss its claims against the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman Steven Sugarman. While the Company does not believe the plaintiff’s claims are meritorious, the Company believes that ending the costs and distraction of the litigation is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. The settlement and the dismissals are subject to approval by the Court and meeting certain conditions, and there are no assurances that Court approval will be obtained or that those conditions will be satisfied. If the Court preliminarily approves the settlement, members of the class will be provided notice and an opportunity to object or opt out. Following the notice and opportunity for objections and opt outs, the Court will schedule a fairness hearing at which the Court will determine whether the settlement shall be finally approved. The foregoing description of the settlement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the complete text of the settlement stipulation that will be filed with the Court.
On December 7, 2017, Heather Endresen filed an action in the Los Angeles Superior Court, captioned Heather Endresen v. Banc of California, Inc.; Banc of California, N.A., Case No. BC685641. Ms. Endresen’s complaint purports to state claims for retaliation, wrongful termination, breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and various statutory claims. Ms. Endresen dismissed the action without prejudice. On May 23, 2018, Ms. Endresen filed an action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, captioned Heather Endresen v. Banc of California, Inc. and Banc of California, N.A., Case No. 8:18-cv-00899, asserting the claims she had made in the state court action and adding a claim for violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The complaint does not specify any amount of alleged damages. On August 22, 2018, Banc of California, Inc. and Banc of California, N.A. moved to compel arbitration of all of Ms. Endresen’s claims except for the Sarbanes-Oxley Act claim, pursuant to Ms. Endresen’s binding arbitration agreement. On September 20, 2018, the court granted the motion to compel arbitration and stayed the litigation on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act claim pending arbitration. Ms. Endresen has commenced arbitration, and a hearing date has been set for May 3, 2021. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously contest them.
On April 2, 2019, the first of three shareholder derivative actions, Gordon v. Benett, No. 8:19-cv-621, was filed against current and former officers and directors of Banc of California, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The Gordon action asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty against Halle J. Benett, Jonah Schnel, Jeffrey Karish, Robert Sznewajs, Eric Holoman, Chad Brownstein, Steven Sugarman, Richard Lashley, Douglas Bowers and John Grosvenor. On June 10, 2019, a second shareholder derivative action, Johnston v. Sznewajs, No. 8:19-cv-01152, was filed against current and former officers and directors of Banc of California, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The Johnston action asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment against Robert Sznewajs, Jonah Schnel, Halle Benett, Richard Lashley, Steven Sugarman, John Grosvenor, Chad Brownstein, Jeffrey Karish and Eric Holoman. On June 18, 2019, a third shareholder derivative action, Witmer v. Sugarman, No. 19STCV21088, was filed against current and former officers and directors of Banc of California, Inc. in Los Angeles County Superior Court. The Witmer action asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and corporate waste against Steven Sugarman, Ronald Nicolas, Jr., Robert Sznewajs, Chad Brownstein, Halle Benett, Douglas Bowers, Jeffrey Karish, Richard Lashley, Jonah Schel, Eric Holoman and Jeffrey Seabold. On June 24, 2019, the Witmer Action was removed to the United States District Court for the Central District of California and assigned docket number 2:19-cv-5488. On September 23, 2019, the Court, ordered that the Gordon, Johnston, and Witmer actions are consolidated for all purposes, including pre-trial proceedings and trial.
In general, all three shareholder derivative plaintiffs allege that the Company’s board wrongfully refused demands that the plaintiffs made to the Company’s board of directors that the Company should initiate litigation against the various current and former officers and directors based on their alleged role in the purported concealment of the Company’s alleged relationship with Jason Galanis and various statements made by the Company alleged to be false and misleading. The plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of damages to be paid to the Company, adoption of corporate governance reforms, and equitable and injunctive relief. The Company does not believe that the demands made by these shareholder derivative plaintiffs were wrongfully refused, and it intends to vigorously contest these actions on that basis.
ITEM 1A - RISK FACTORS

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There have been no material changes to the risk factors that appeared under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
ITEM 2 - UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
 
Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer
 
 
 
 
Total Number of Shares
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans
 
Total Number of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plan
From July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019
 
499

 
$
13.97

 
—

 
—

From August 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019
 
365

 
$
15.63

 
—

 
—

From September 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019
 
933

 
$
14.34

 
—

 
—

Total
 
1,797

 
$
14.50

 
—

 
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2019, purchases of shares of common stock related to shares surrendered by employees in order to pay employee tax liabilities associated with vested awards under the Company's employee stock benefit plans.
ITEM 3 - DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None
ITEM 4 MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
ITEM 5 - OTHER INFORMATION
None




81

ITEM 6 - EXHIBITS
2.3
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated February 28, 2017, by and between Banc of California, N. A. and Caliber Home Loans, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
2.4
Bulk Servicing Rights Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated February 28, 2017, by and between Banc of California, N. A. and Caliber Home Loans, Inc. (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.1
Second Articles of Restatement of the charter of the Registrant (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.2
Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.1
Warrant to purchase up to 1,395,000 shares of the Registrant common stock originally issued on November 1, 2010 (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 16, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.2
Senior Debt Securities Indenture, dated as of April 23, 2012, between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.3
Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 23, 2012, between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, relating to the Registrant’s 7.50% Senior Notes due April 15, 2020 and form of 7.50% Senior Notes due April 15, 2020 (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.4
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 6, 2015, between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, relating to the Registrant’s 5.25% Senior Notes due April 15, 2025 and form of 5.25% Senior Notes due April 15, 2025 (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.5
Deposit Agreement, dated as of June 12, 2013, among the Registrant, Registrar and Transfer Company, as Depositary and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts described therein (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.6
Deposit Agreement, dated as of April 8, 2015, among the Registrant, Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., collectively as Depositary, and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts described therein (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 8, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.7
Purchase Contract Agreement, dated May 21, 2014, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 21, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.8
Indenture, dated May 21, 2014, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 21, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.9
First Supplemental Indenture, dated May 21, 2014, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association relating to the Registrant's 8% Tangible Equity Units due May 15, 2017 (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 21, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.10
Deposit Agreement, dated as of February 8, 2016, among the Registrant, Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., collectively as Depositary, and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts described therein. (Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 8, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
31.1
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer)
31.2
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer)
32.0
Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350 Certification
101.0
The following financial statements and footnotes from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss); (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)


82

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
BANC OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
 
 
 
 
Date:
November 8, 2019
 
/s/ Jared Wolff
 
 
 
Jared Wolff
 
 
 
President/Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
November 8, 2019
 
/s/ John A. Bogler
 
 
 
John A. Bogler
 
 
 
Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
November 8, 2019
 
/s/ Mike Smith
 
 
 
Mike Smith
 
 
 
Senior Vice President/Chief Accounting Officer and Director of Treasury
(Principal Accounting Officer)


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