Companies: 10,761     total market cap: A$190.149 T
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Knight-Swift Transportation
KNX
#2051
Rank
A$13.16 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
A$81.07
Share price
-0.14%
Change (1 day)
18.07%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿšš Transportation
Categories
Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc. is an American, truckload motor shipping carrier based in Phoenix, Arizona.
  1. Knight-Swift Transportation
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2023 Q2

Knight-Swift Transportation - 10-Q quarterly report FY2023 Q2


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
or
☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number: 001-35007
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
knightswiftlogo2018newa18.jpg
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Delaware 20-5589597
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2002 West Wahalla Lane
Phoenix, Arizona 85027
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(602) 269-2000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock $0.01 Par ValueKNXNew York Stock Exchange
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer☒  Accelerated Filer☐
Non-accelerated Filer☐  Smaller Reporting Company☐
Emerging Growth Company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No  ☒ 
There were approximately 161,294,000 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of July 26, 2023.

Glossary of Terms
KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATIONPAGE
4
4
5
6
8
Note 1 — Introduction and Basis of Presentation
10
Note 2 — Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
11
Note 3 — Acquisitions
11
Note 4 — Income Taxes
12
Note 5 — Accounts Receivable Securitization
12
Note 6 — Debt and Financing
14
Note 7 — Defined Benefit Pension Plan
16
Note 8 — Purchase Commitments
16
Note 9 — Contingencies and Legal Proceedings
17
Note 10 — Share Repurchase Plans
18
Note 11 — Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
18
Note 12 — Fair Value Measurement
19
Note 13 — Related Party Transactions
22
Note 14 — Financial Information by Segment and Geography
22
24
56
56
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
57
57
57
57
57
57
58
59
2
Table of Contents
KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following glossary defines certain acronyms and terms used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These acronyms and terms are specific to our company, commonly used in our industry, or are otherwise frequently used throughout our document.
TermDefinition
Knight-Swift/the Company/Management/We/Us/Our
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, these terms represent Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries.
2017 MergerThe September 8, 2017 merger of Knight Transportation, Inc. and its subsidiaries and Swift Transportation Company and its subsidiaries, pursuant to which we became Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc.
2021 Debt AgreementThe Company's unsecured credit agreement, entered into on September 3, 2021, consisting of the 2021 Revolver and 2021 Term Loans, which are defined below
2021 Prudential NotesThird amended and restated note purchase and private shelf agreement, entered into on September 3, 2021 by ACT with unrelated financial entities
2021 RevolverRevolving line of credit under the 2021 Debt Agreement, maturing on September 3, 2026
2021 Term LoansThe Company's term loans under the 2021 Debt Agreement, collectively consisting of the 2021 Term Loan A-1, 2021 Term Loan A-2 and 2021 Term Loan A-3
2021 Term Loan A-1The Company's term loan under the 2021 Debt Agreement, which matured on December 3, 2022
2021 Term Loan A-2The Company's term loan under the 2021 Debt Agreement, maturing on September 3, 2024
2021 Term Loan A-3The Company's term loan under the 2021 Debt Agreement, maturing on September 3, 2026
2023 Term LoanThe Company's term loan entered into on June 22, 2023, maturing on September 3, 2026
2021 RSAFifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Receivables Sales Agreement, entered into on April 23, 2021 by Swift Receivables Company II, LLC with unrelated financial entities.
2022 RSASixth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Receivables Sales Agreement, entered into on October 3, 2022 by Swift Receivables Company II, LLC with unrelated financial entities.
ACT
AAA Cooper Transportation, and its affiliated entity
ACT AcquisitionThe Company's acquisition of 100% of the securities of ACT on July 5, 2021
Annual ReportAnnual Report on Form 10-K
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
BoardKnight-Swift's Board of Directors
BSBYBloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index
DOEUnited States Department of Energy
EPSEarnings Per Share
EmbarkEmbark Technology Inc. and its related entities
ESPPKnight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
GAAPUnited States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
IRSInternal Revenue Service
NYSENew York Stock Exchange
LTLLess-than-truckload
MMERAC MME Holdings, LLC. and its subsidiaries, MME, Inc. and Midwest Motor Express, Inc.
Quarterly ReportQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q
RSURestricted Stock Unit
SECUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFRSecured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
USThe United States of America
U.S. XpressU.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc.
UTXL
UTXL Enterprises, Inc.
3
Table of Contents Glossary of Terms
KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(In thousands, except per share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$228,957 $196,770 
Cash and cash equivalents – restricted251,438 185,792 
Restricted investments, held-to-maturity, amortized cost3,082 7,175 
Trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $25,693 and $22,980, respectively
712,197 842,294 
Contract balance – revenue in transit13,608 15,859 
Prepaid expenses100,896 108,081 
Assets held for sale59,310 40,602 
Income tax receivable17,303 58,974 
Acquisition escrow444,657 — 
Other current assets53,662 38,025 
Total current assets1,885,110 1,493,572 
Gross property and equipment5,980,256 5,740,383 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(2,018,107)(1,905,340)
Property and equipment, net3,962,149 3,835,043 
Operating lease right-of-use-assets200,708 192,358 
Goodwill3,519,339 3,519,339 
Intangible assets, net1,744,056 1,776,569 
Other long-term assets126,530 134,785 
Total assets$11,437,892 $10,951,666 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$223,482 $220,849 
Accrued payroll and purchased transportation159,066 171,381 
Accrued liabilities81,766 81,528 
Claims accruals – current portion366,238 311,822 
Finance lease liabilities and long-term debt – current portion73,304 71,466 
Operating lease liabilities – current portion41,565 36,961 
Total current liabilities945,421 894,007 
Revolving line of credit210,000 43,000 
Long-term debt – less current portion1,265,204 1,024,668 
Finance lease liabilities – less current portion333,009 344,377 
Operating lease liabilities – less current portion153,765 149,992 
Accounts receivable securitization338,641 418,561 
Claims accruals – less current portion205,605 201,838 
Deferred tax liabilities899,891 907,893 
Other long-term liabilities5,313 12,049 
Total liabilities4,356,849 3,996,385 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 7, 8, and 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 10,000 shares authorized; none issued
— — 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 500,000 shares authorized; 161,276 and 160,706 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
1,613 1,607 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(815)(2,436)
Additional paid-in capital4,412,069 4,392,266 
Retained earnings2,657,415 2,553,567 
Total Knight-Swift stockholders' equity7,070,282 6,945,004 
Noncontrolling interest10,761 10,277 
Total stockholders’ equity7,081,043 6,955,281 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$11,437,892 $10,951,666 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
 Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
 2023202220232022
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenue:
Revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge$1,390,448 $1,694,531 $2,840,741 $3,342,409 
Truckload and LTL fuel surcharge162,531 266,600 349,170 445,711 
Total revenue1,552,979 1,961,131 3,189,911 3,788,120 
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits533,237 549,956 1,069,979 1,086,012 
Fuel168,300 257,146 356,059 447,635 
Operations and maintenance101,380 106,724 200,691 202,607 
Insurance and claims137,306 102,084 275,345 200,276 
Operating taxes and licenses28,332 30,204 54,222 59,241 
Communications6,184 5,744 11,933 11,614 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment156,381 147,482 312,347 292,526 
Amortization of intangibles16,505 16,215 32,688 32,381 
Rental expense16,073 13,492 31,141 26,893 
Purchased transportation258,259 384,910 538,988 771,356 
Impairments— — — 810 
Miscellaneous operating expenses36,992 21,396 67,701 32,905 
Total operating expenses1,458,949 1,635,353 2,951,094 3,164,256 
Operating income94,030 325,778 238,817 623,864 
Other (expenses) income:
Interest income5,508 675 10,557 1,136 
Interest expense(24,354)(9,345)(47,445)(16,025)
Other income (expenses), net9,679 (25,576)19,382 (39,981)
Total other (expenses) income, net(9,167)(34,246)(17,506)(54,870)
Income before income taxes84,863 291,532 221,311 568,994 
Income tax expense21,959 72,090 54,694 141,264 
Net income62,904 219,442 166,617 427,730 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest422 50 993 99 
Net income attributable to Knight-Swift63,326 219,492 167,610 427,829 
Other comprehensive income (loss)531 (1,862)1,621 (2,234)
Comprehensive income$63,857 $217,630 $169,231 $425,595 
Earnings per share:
Basic$0.39 $1.35 $1.04 $2.61 
Diluted$0.39 $1.35 $1.04 $2.60 
Dividends declared per share:$0.14 $0.12 $0.28 $0.24 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic161,116 162,365 161,018 163,863 
Diluted161,940 163,166 161,917 164,801 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
 Year-to-Date June 30,
 20232022
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$166,617 $427,730 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment, and intangibles345,035 324,907 
Gain on sale of property and equipment(35,180)(57,808)
Impairments— 810 
Deferred income taxes(8,002)(2,439)
Non-cash lease expense22,138 19,795 
(Gain) loss on equity securities(1,870)50,937 
Other adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities36,277 25,603 
Increase (decrease) in cash resulting from changes in:
Trade receivables126,429 (103,740)
Income tax receivable41,671 (5,971)
Accounts payable5,072 2,060 
Accrued liabilities and claims accrual46,408 50,822 
Operating lease liabilities(22,187)(19,772)
Other assets and liabilities(218)7,050 
Net cash provided by operating activities722,190 719,984 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity investments3,620 4,306 
Purchases of held-to-maturity investments(30)(6,399)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment, including assets held for sale98,755 104,239 
Purchases of property and equipment(517,856)(295,522)
Expenditures on assets held for sale(634)(449)
Net cash, restricted cash, and equivalents invested in acquisitions— (1,291)
Other cash flows from investing activities155 (9,190)
Net cash used in investing activities(415,990)(204,306)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of finance leases and long-term debt(38,148)(66,440)
Proceeds from long-term debt250,000 — 
Borrowings (repayments) on revolving lines of credit, net167,000 (131,000)
Repayments of accounts receivable securitization(80,000)— 
Proceeds from common stock issued3,222 5,057 
Repurchases of the Company's common stock— (299,941)
Dividends paid(45,940)(39,721)
Other cash flows from financing activities(19,510)(20,316)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities236,624 (552,361)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash, and equivalents542,824 (36,683)
Cash, restricted cash, and equivalents at beginning of period385,345 350,023 
Cash, restricted cash, and equivalents at end of period$928,169 $313,340 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).


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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) — Continued
 Year-to-Date June 30,
 20232022
(In thousands)
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest$45,851 $14,097 
Income taxes16,870 154,819 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Equipment acquired included in accounts payable$30,789 $3,085 
Financing provided to independent contractors for equipment sold3,778 — 
Transfers from property and equipment to assets held for sale80,947 29,510 
Purchase price adjustment on acquisition— 2,163 
Contingent consideration associated with acquisitions and investments— 1,717 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities30,564 37,897 
Property and equipment obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities19,797 101,904 

Reconciliation of Cash, Restricted Cash, and Equivalents:June 30,
2023		December 31,
2022		June 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
(In thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Cash and cash equivalents$228,957 $196,770 $198,021 $261,001 
Cash and cash equivalents – restricted 1
251,438 185,792 111,449 87,241 
Acquisition escrow 2
444,657 — — — 
Other long-term assets 1
3,117 2,783 3,870 1,781 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Cash, restricted cash, and equivalents$928,169 $385,345 $313,340 $350,023 
________
1    Reflects cash and cash equivalents that are primarily restricted for claims payments.
2    Reflects restricted cash for the U.S. Xpress acquisition which closed on July 1, 2023.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Knight-Swift Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling
 Interest		Total
Stockholders’ Equity
 SharesPar Value
(In thousands, except per share data)
Balances – December 31, 2022160,706 $1,607 $4,392,266 $2,553,567 $(2,436)$6,945,004 $10,277 $6,955,281 
Common stock issued to employees512 5 158 163 163 
Common stock issued to the Board18 — 977 977 977 
Common stock issued under ESPP40 1 2,081 2,082 2,082 
Shares withheld – RSU settlement(18,271)(18,271)(18,271)
Employee stock-based compensation expense16,587 16,587 16,587 
Cash dividends paid and dividends accrued ($0.28 per share)
(45,491)(45,491)(45,491)
Net income167,610 167,610 (993)166,617 
Other comprehensive income1,621 1,621 1,621 
Investment in noncontrolling interest1,716 1,716 
Distribution to noncontrolling interest(239)(239)
Balances – June 30, 2023161,276 $1,613 $4,412,069 $2,657,415 $(815)$7,070,282 $10,761 $7,081,043 
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Total Knight-Swift Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal
Stockholders’ Equity
 SharesPar Value
(In thousands, except per share data)
Balances – December 31, 2021165,980 $1,660 $4,350,913 $2,181,142 $(563)$6,533,152 $10,298 $6,543,450 
Common stock issued to employees607 6 2,369 2,375 2,375 
Common stock issued to the Board18 — 873 873 873 
Common stock issued under ESPP35 — 1,809 1,809 1,809 
Company shares repurchased(6,001)(60)(299,881)(299,941)(299,941)
Shares withheld – RSU settlement(20,316)(20,316)(20,316)
Employee stock-based compensation expense16,952 16,952 16,952 
Cash dividends paid and dividends accrued ($0.24 per share)
(39,441)(39,441)(39,441)
Net income427,829 427,829 (99)427,730 
Other comprehensive loss(2,234)(2,234)(2,234)
Balances – June 30, 2022160,639 $1,606 $4,372,916 $2,249,333 $(2,797)$6,621,058 $10,199 $6,631,257 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) — Continued
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Knight-Swift Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling
 Interest		Total
Stockholders’ Equity
SharesPar Value
(In thousands, except per share data)
Balances – March 31, 2023161,009 $1,610 $4,401,276 $2,623,373 (1,346)$7,024,913 $10,681 $7,035,594 
Common stock issued to employees230 2 115 117 117 
Common stock issued to the Board18 — 977 977 977 
Common stock issued under ESPP19 1 1,041 1,042 1,042 
Shares withheld – RSU settlement(6,523)(6,523)(6,523)
Employee stock-based compensation expense8,660 8,660 8,660 
Cash dividends paid and dividends accrued ($0.14 per share)
(22,761)(22,761)(22,761)
Net income63,326 63,326 (422)62,904 
Other comprehensive income531 531 531 
Investment in noncontrolling interest741 741 
Distribution to noncontrolling interest(239)(239)
Balances – June 30, 2023161,276 $1,613 $4,412,069 $2,657,415 $(815)$7,070,282 $10,761 $7,081,043 
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Total Knight-Swift Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal
Stockholders’ Equity
SharesPar Value
(In thousands, except per share data)
Balances – March 31, 2022163,635 $1,636 $4,360,889 $2,209,104 (935)$6,570,694 $10,249 $6,580,943 
Common stock issued to employees243 3 1,961 1,964 1,964 
Common stock issued to the Board18 — 873 873 873 
Common stock issued under ESPP21 — 1,000 1,000 1,000 
Company shares repurchased(3,278)(33)(155,027)(155,060)(155,060)
Shares withheld – RSU settlement(4,708)(4,708)(4,708)
Employee stock-based compensation expense8,193 8,193 8,193 
Cash dividends paid and dividends accrued ($0.12 per share)
(19,528)(19,528)(19,528)
Net income219,492 219,492 (50)219,442 
Other comprehensive loss(1,862)(1,862)(1,862)
Balances – June 30, 2022160,639 $1,606 $4,372,916 $2,249,333 $(2,797)$6,621,058 $10,199 $6,631,257 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1 — Introduction and Basis of Presentation
Certain acronyms and terms used throughout this Quarterly Report are specific to the Company, commonly used in the trucking industry, or are otherwise frequently used throughout this document. Definitions for these acronyms and terms are provided in the "Glossary of Terms," available in the front of this document.
Description of Business
Knight-Swift is a transportation solutions provider, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona. During the year-to-date period ended June 30, 2023, the Company operated an average of 18,002 tractors (comprised of 16,128 company tractors and 1,874 independent contractor tractors) and 79,700 trailers within the Truckload segment and leasing activities within the non-reportable segments. The LTL segment operated an average of 3,163 tractors and 8,419 trailers. Additionally, the Intermodal segment operated an average of 631 tractors and 12,835 intermodal containers. As of June 30, 2023, the Company's four reportable segments were Truckload, LTL, Logistics, and Intermodal.
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in this Quarterly Report include the accounts of Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in Knight-Swift's 2022 Annual Report. In management's opinion, these condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP and include all adjustments necessary (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) for the fair statement of the periods presented.
With respect to transactional/durational data, references to years pertain to calendar years. Similarly, references to quarters pertain to calendar quarters.
Seasonality
In the full truckload transportation industry, results of operations generally follow a seasonal pattern. Freight volumes in the first quarter are typically lower due to less consumer demand, customers reducing shipments following the holiday season, and inclement weather. At the same time, operating expenses generally increase, and tractor productivity of the Company's Truckload fleet, independent contractors and third-party carriers decreases during the winter months due to decreased fuel efficiency, increased cold weather-related equipment maintenance and repairs, and increased insurance claims and costs attributed to higher accident frequency from harsh weather. These factors typically lead to lower operating profitability, as compared to other parts of the year. Additionally, beginning in the latter half of the third quarter and continuing into the fourth quarter, the Company typically experiences surges pertaining to holiday shopping trends toward delivery of gifts purchased over the Internet, as well as the length of the holiday season (consumer shopping days between Thanksgiving and Christmas). However, as the Company continues to diversify its business through expansion into the LTL industry, warehousing, and other activities, seasonal volatility is becoming more tempered. Additionally, macroeconomic trends and cyclical changes in the trucking industry, including imbalances in supply and demand, can override the seasonality faced in the industry.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
Note 2 — Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Date IssuedReferenceDescriptionExpected Adoption Date and MethodFinancial Statement Impact
March 2023
ASU No. 2023-01: Leases (ASC 842), Common Control Arrangements
The amendments in this ASU require that leasehold improvements associated with common control leases be amortized by the lessee over the useful life of the leasehold improvements and that leasehold improvements associated with common control leases be accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity if the lessee no longer controls the use of the asset.January 2024, Prospective or retrospectiveCurrently under evaluation, but not expected to be material
July 2023ASU No. 2023-03: Presentation of Financial Statements (ASC 205), Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (ASC 220), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (ASC 480), Equity (ASC 505), and Compensation—Stock Compensation (ASC 718)The amendments in this ASU reflect alignment to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120 ("SAB 120") that was issued by the SEC in November 2021. SAB 120 provides guidance to entities issuing share-based awards shortly before announcing material, nonpublic information. The guidance indicates that entities should consider such material nonpublic information to adjust the observable market if the effect of the release of the material nonpublic information is expected to affect the share price and the share-based awards are non-routine in nature.July 2023, prospective adoptionCurrently under evaluation, but not expected to be material
Note 3 — Acquisitions
U.S. Xpress
On July 1, 2023, the Company closed on the acquisition of Chattanooga, Tennessee-based U.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc. ("U.S. Xpress"). The transaction was partially funded using the $444.7 million recorded as "Acquisition Escrow" on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023, which was financed through the Company's existing credit facilities and the 2023 Term Loan. The Company has not completed the initial accounting for this transaction as it is still in the preliminary stages of assessing the fair value of the underlying tangible and intangible assets. The results of U.S. Xpress will be included in our consolidated results beginning in the third quarter of 2023.
See Note 6 for more information about the Company's credit facilities and the 2023 Term Loan.
The Company did not complete any other material acquisitions during the year-to-date period ended June 30, 2023.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
Note 4 — Income Taxes
Effective Tax Rate — The quarter-to-date June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 effective tax rates were 25.9% and 24.7%, respectively. The year-to-date June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 effective tax rates were 24.7% and 24.8%, respectively.
Valuation Allowance — The Company has not established a valuation allowance as it has been determined that, based upon available evidence, a valuation allowance is not required. Management believes that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits — During the quarter, the IRS concluded its audit of one of the Company's subsidiaries' previously filed amended federal income tax return. As a result, the Company no longer has unrecognized tax benefits.
Interest and Penalties — The Company had no accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2023. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $0.2 million as of December 31, 2022.
Tax Examinations — Certain of the Company's subsidiaries are currently under examination by various state jurisdictions for tax years ranging from 2019 to 2021. At the completion of these examinations, management does not expect any adjustments that would have a material impact on the Company's effective tax rate. Years subsequent to 2017 remain subject to examination.
Note 5 — Accounts Receivable Securitization
On October 3, 2022, the Company entered into the 2022 RSA, which further amended the 2021 RSA. The 2022 RSA is a secured borrowing that is collateralized by the Company's eligible receivables, for which the Company is the servicing agent. The Company's receivable originator subsidiaries sell, on a revolving basis, undivided interests in all of their eligible accounts receivable to Swift Receivables Company II, LLC ("SRCII") who in turn sells a variable percentage ownership in those receivables to the various purchasers. The Company's eligible receivables are included in "Trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts" in the consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2023, the Company's eligible receivables generally have high credit quality, as determined by the obligor's corporate credit rating.
The 2022 RSA is subject to fees, various affirmative and negative covenants, representations and warranties, and default and termination provisions customary for facilities of this type. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of June 30, 2023. Collections on the underlying receivables by the Company are held for the benefit of SRCII and the various purchasers and are unavailable to satisfy claims of the Company and its subsidiaries.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
The following table summarizes the key terms of the 2022 RSA (dollars in thousands):
2022 RSA
(Dollars in thousands)
Effective dateOctober 3, 2022
Final maturity dateOctober 1, 2025
Borrowing capacity$475,000 
Accordion option 1
$100,000 
Unused commitment fee rate 2
20 to 40 basis points
Program fees on outstanding balances 3
one month SOFR + credit adjustment spread 10 basis points + 82.5 basis points
1The accordion option increases the maximum borrowing capacity, subject to participation of the purchasers.
2The 2022 RSA commitment fee rates are based on the percentage of the maximum borrowing capacity utilized.
3As identified within the 2022 RSA, the lender can trigger an amendment by identifying and deciding upon a replacement for SOFR.
Availability under the 2022 RSA is calculated as follows:
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Borrowing base, based on eligible receivables$381,000 $456,400 
Less: outstanding borrowings 1
(339,000)(419,000)
Availability under accounts receivable securitization facilities$42,000 $37,400 
1Outstanding borrowings are included in "Accounts receivable securitization" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are offset by deferred loan costs of $0.4 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Interest accrued on the aggregate principal balance at a rate of 6.1% and 5.1% as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Refer to Note 12 for information regarding the fair value of the 2022 RSA.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
Note 6 — Debt and Financing
Other than the Company's accounts receivable securitization as discussed in Note 5, the Company's long-term debt consisted of the following:
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(In thousands)
2021 Term Loan A-2, due September 3, 2024, net 1 2
199,828 199,755 
2021 Term Loan A-3, due September 3, 2026, net 1 2
798,882 798,705 
2023 Term Loan, due September 3, 2026, net 1 3
249,002 — 
Prudential Notes, net 1
28,206 35,960 
Other2,009 3,042 
Total long-term debt, including current portion1,277,927 1,037,462 
Less: current portion of long-term debt(12,723)(12,794)
Long-term debt, less current portion$1,265,204 $1,024,668 
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Total long-term debt, including current portion$1,277,927 $1,037,462 
2021 Revolver, due September 3, 2026 1 4
210,000 43,000 
Long-term debt, including revolving line of credit$1,487,927 $1,080,462 
1Refer to Note 12 for information regarding the fair value of debt.
2As of June 30, 2023, the carrying amounts of the 2021 Term Loan A-2 and 2021 Term Loan A-3 were net of $0.2 million and $1.1 million in deferred loan costs, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amounts of the 2021 Term Loan A-2 and 2021 Term Loan A-3 were net of $0.2 million and $1.3 million in deferred loan costs, respectively.
3As of June 30, 2023, the carrying amount of the 2023 Term Loan was net of $1.0 million in deferred loan costs.
4The Company also had outstanding letters of credit of $11.3 million and $15.8 million under the 2021 Revolver, primarily related to workers' compensation and self-insurance liabilities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company also had outstanding letters of credit of $245.8 million and $173.1 million under a separate bilateral agreement which do not impact the availability of the 2021 Revolver as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
Credit Agreements
2021 Debt Agreement — On September 3, 2021, the Company entered into the $2.3 billion 2021 Debt Agreement (an unsecured credit facility) with a group of banks, replacing the Company's prior debt agreements. The following table presents the key terms of the 2021 Debt Agreement:
2021 Term Loan A-22021 Term Loan A-3
2021 Revolver 2
2021 Debt Agreement Terms(Dollars in thousands)
Maximum borrowing capacity$200,000$800,000$1,100,000
Final maturity dateSeptember 3, 2024September 3, 2026September 3, 2026
Interest rate margin reference rateBSBYBSBYBSBY
Interest rate minimum margin 1
0.75%0.88%0.88%
Interest rate maximum margin 1
1.38%1.50%1.50%
Minimum principal payment — amount$—$10,000$—
Minimum principal payment — frequencyOnceQuarterlyOnce
Minimum principal payment — commencement dateSeptember 3, 2024September 30, 2024September 3, 2026
1The interest rate margin for the 2021 Term Loans and 2021 Revolver is based on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio. As of June 30, 2023, interest accrued at 5.98% on the 2021 Term Loan A-2, 6.11% on the 2021 Term Loan A-3, and 6.17% on the 2021 Revolver.
2The commitment fee for the unused portion of the 2021 Revolver is based on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio, and ranges from 0.1% to 0.2%. As of June 30, 2023, commitment fees on the unused portion of the 2021 Revolver accrued at 0.1% and outstanding letter of credit fees accrued at 1.0%.
Pursuant to the 2021 Debt Agreement, the 2021 Revolver and the 2021 Term Loans contain certain financial covenants with respect to a maximum net leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio. The 2021 Debt Agreement provides flexibility regarding the use of proceeds from asset sales, payment of dividends, stock repurchases, and equipment financing. In addition to the financial covenants, the 2021 Debt Agreement includes usual and customary events of default for a facility of this nature and provides that, upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default, payment of all amounts payable under the 2021 Debt Agreement may be accelerated, and the lenders' commitments may be terminated. The 2021 Debt Agreement contains certain usual and customary restrictions and covenants relating to, among other things, dividends (which are restricted only if a default or event of default occurs and is continuing or would result therefrom), liens, affiliate transactions, and other indebtedness. As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the 2021 Debt Agreement.
Borrowings under the 2021 Debt Agreement are made by Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc. and are guaranteed by certain of the Company's material domestic subsidiaries (other than its captive insurance subsidiaries, driving academy subsidiary, and bankruptcy-remote special purpose subsidiary).
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
2023 Term Loan — On June 22, 2023, the Company entered into the $250.0 million 2023 Term Loan (an unsecured credit facility) with a group of banks. The 2023 Term Loan matures on September 3, 2026. There are no scheduled principal payments due until maturity. The 2023 Term Loan contains terms similar to the 2021 Debt Agreement. The proceeds received from the 2023 Term Loan were used to pay fees, commissions and expenses in connection with the Company's acquisition of U.S. Xpress. The interest rate applicable to the 2023 Term Loan is subject to a leverage-based grid and as of June 30, 2023 is equal to SOFR plus the 0.1% SOFR adjustment plus 1.375%. As of June 30, 2023, interest accrued at 6.58% on the 2023 Term Loan.

ACT's Prudential Notes — The 2021 Prudential Notes allow ACT to borrow up to $125.0 million, less amounts currently outstanding with Prudential Capital Group, provided that certain financial ratios are maintained. The 2021 Prudential Notes have interest rates ranging from 4.05% to 4.40% and various maturity dates ranging from October 2023 through January 2028. The 2021 Prudential Notes are unsecured and contain usual and customary restrictions on, among other things, the ability to make certain payments to stockholders, similar to the provisions of the Company's 2021 Debt Agreement. As of June 30, 2023, ACT had $98.2 million available for issuance under the agreement.
Fair Value Measurement — See Note 12 for fair value disclosures regarding the Company's debt instruments.
Note 7 — Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Net periodic pension income and benefits paid during the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were immaterial.
Assumptions
A weighted-average discount rate of 4.86% was used to determine benefit obligations as of June 30, 2023.
The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine net periodic pension cost:
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
Discount rate4.65 %3.38 %4.76 %2.89 %
Expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets6.00 %6.00 %6.00 %6.00 %
Refer to Note 12 for additional information regarding fair value measurements of the Company's investments.
Note 8 — Purchase Commitments
As of June 30, 2023, the Company had outstanding commitments to purchase revenue equipment of $533.2 million in the remainder of 2023 ($351.4 million of which were tractor commitments), and none thereafter. These purchases may be financed through any combination of finance leases, operating leases, debt, proceeds from sales of existing equipment, and cash flows from operations.
As of June 30, 2023, the Company had outstanding commitments to purchase facilities and non-revenue equipment of $47.4 million in the remainder of 2023, $15.9 million from 2024 through 2025, $1.0 million from 2026 through 2027, and none thereafter. Factors such as costs and opportunities for future terminal expansions may change the amount of such expenditures.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
Note 9 — Contingencies and Legal Proceedings
Legal Proceedings
The Company is party to certain legal proceedings incidental to its business. The majority of these claims relate to bodily injury, property damage, cargo and workers' compensation incurred in the transportation of freight, as well as certain class action litigation related to personnel and employment matters. We record a liability when we believe that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
Information is provided below regarding the nature, status, and contingent loss amounts, if any, associated with pending legal matters that may be material to the Company. There are inherent uncertainties in these legal matters, some of which are beyond management's control, making the ultimate outcomes difficult to predict. Moreover, management's views and estimates related to these matters may change in the future, as new events and circumstances arise and the matters continue to develop. Cash flows or results of operations could be materially affected in any particular period by the resolution of one or more of these contingencies.
The Company has made accruals with respect to its legal matters where appropriate, which are included in "Accrued liabilities" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has recorded an aggregate accrual of approximately $11.0 million, relating to the Company's outstanding legal proceedings as of June 30, 2023.
EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND PAY PRACTICES MATTERS
California Wage, Meal, and Rest Class Actions
The plaintiffs generally allege one or more of the following: that the Company 1) failed to pay the California minimum wage; 2) failed to provide proper meal and rest periods; 3) failed to timely pay wages upon separation from employment; 4) failed to pay for all hours worked; 5) failed to pay overtime; 6) failed to properly reimburse work-related expenses; and 7) failed to provide accurate wage statements.
Plaintiff(s)Defendant(s)Date institutedCourt or agency currently pending in
John Burnell 1
Swift Transportation Co., Inc
March 22, 2010
United States District Court for the Central District of California
James R. Rudsell 1
Swift Transportation Co. of Arizona, LLC and Swift Transportation Company
April 5, 2012
United States District Court for the Central District of California
Recent Developments and Current Status
In April 2019, the parties reached settlement of this matter. In January 2020, the court granted final approval of the settlement. Two objectors appealed the court’s decision granting final approval of the settlement. The likelihood that a loss has been incurred is probable and estimable, and the loss has accordingly been accrued as of June 30, 2023. The Company paid this settlement on July 10, 2023.
1    Individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
Note 10 — Share Repurchase Plans
On April 25, 2022, the Company announced that the Board approved the repurchase of up to $350.0 million of the Company's outstanding common stock (the "2022 Knight-Swift Share Repurchase Plan"). With the adoption of the 2022 Knight-Swift Share Repurchase Plan, the Company terminated the 2020 Knight-Swift Share Repurchase Plan, which had approximately $42.8 million of authorized purchases remaining upon termination.
The Company made no share repurchases during the quarter and year-to-date periods ended June 30, 2023.$0
The following table presents the Company's repurchases of its common stock during 2022 under the respective share repurchase plans, excluding advisory fees:
Share Repurchase PlanQuarter-to-Date June 30, 2022Year-to-Date June 30, 2022
Board Approval DateAuthorized AmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
(shares and dollars in thousands)
November 24, 2020$250,00098 $5,101 2,821 $149,982 
April 19, 2022 1
$350,0003,180 $149,959 3,180 $149,959 
3,278 $155,060 6,001 $299,941 
1    $200.0 million remained available under the 2022 Knight-Swift Repurchase Plan as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Note 11 — Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
Earnings per share, basic and diluted, as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, are calculated by dividing net income attributable to Knight-Swift by the respective weighted average common shares outstanding during the period.
The following table reconciles basic weighted average shares outstanding to diluted weighted average shares outstanding:
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
 2023202220232022
(In thousands)
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding161,116 162,365 161,018 163,863 
Dilutive effect of equity awards824 801 899 938 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding161,940 163,166 161,917 164,801 
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from earnings per diluted share 1
110 575 61 341 
1    Shares were excluded from the dilutive-effect calculation because the outstanding awards' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock for the periods presented.
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Note 12 — Fair Value Measurement
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company's major categories of financial assets and liabilities:
 June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets CaptionCarrying
Value		Estimated
Fair Value		Carrying
Value		Estimated
Fair Value
(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Equity method investments
Other long-term assets$90,095 $90,095 $103,517 $103,517 
Investments in equity securities
Other long-term assets3,054 3,054 1,668 1,668 
Convertible noteOther current assets11,936 11,936 11,341 11,341 
Financial Liabilities:
2021 Term Loan A-2, due September 2024 1
Long-term debt – less current portion199,828 200,000 199,755 200,000 
2021 Term Loan A-3, due September 2026 1
Long-term debt – less current portion798,882 800,000 798,705 800,000 
2023 Term Loan, due September 2026 2
Long-term debt – less current portion249,002 250,000 — — 
2021 Revolver, due September 2026Revolving line of credit210,000 210,000 43,000 43,000 
2021 Prudential Notes 3
Finance lease liabilities and long-term debt
– current portion,
Long-term debt – less current portion		28,206 28,242 35,960 36,014 
2022 RSA, due October 2025 4
Accounts receivable securitization338,641 339,000 418,561 419,000 
Contingent considerationAccrued liabilities, Other long-term liabilities1,717 1,717 4,217 4,217 
1As of June 30, 2023, the carrying amounts of the 2021 Term Loan A-2 and 2021 Term Loan A-3 were net of $0.2 million and $1.1 million in deferred loan costs, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amounts of the 2021 Term Loan A-2 and 2021 Term Loan A-3 were net of $0.2 million and $1.3 million in deferred loan costs, respectively.
2As of June 30, 2023, the carrying amount of the 2023 Term Loan was net of $1.0 million in deferred loan costs.
3As of June 30, 2023, the carrying amount of the 2021 Prudential Notes was net of approximately $36,000 in deferred loan costs and included $1.4 million in fair value adjustments. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the 2021 Prudential Notes was net of $0.1 million in deferred loan costs and included $1.7 million in fair value adjustments.
4The carrying amount of the 2022 RSA was net of $0.4 million in deferred loan costs as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements (Assets) — The following table depicts the level in the fair value hierarchy of the inputs used to estimate the fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Estimated Fair ValueLevel 1 InputsLevel 2 InputsLevel 3 InputsUnrealized Gain (Loss) Position
(In thousands)
As of June 30, 2023
Convertible notes 1
$11,936 $— $— $11,936 $1,936 
Investments in equity securities 2
3,054 3,054 — — (49,532)
As of December 31, 2022
Convertible notes 1
$11,341 $— $— $11,341 $1,341 
Investments in equity securities 2
1,668 1,668 — — (50,918)
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
1Convertible notes — The condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income include the fair value activities from the Company's convertible notes within "Other income (expenses), net". The estimated fair value is based on probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis of the corresponding pay-off/redemption.
•Quarter-to-date Gain (Loss) Activities: The Company recognized unrealized gains of $0.3 million during the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
•Year-to-date Gain (Loss) Activities: The Company recognized unrealized gains of $0.6 million during the year-to-date periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
2Investments in equity securities — The condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income include the fair value activities from the Company's investments in equity securities within "Other income (expenses), net". The estimated fair value is based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly obtainable.
•Quarter-to-date Gain (Loss) Activities: During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized unrealized gains of $0.1 million from the Company's various investments in equity securities. During the quarter ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized a loss of $30.7 million, which consisted of $35.1 million in unrealized losses, primarily from mark-to-market adjustments of the Company's equity investment in Embark. This was partially offset by $4.4 million in realized gains from the Company's other investments in equity securities.
•Year-to-date Gain (Loss) Activities: During the year-to-date period ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized unrealized gains of $1.4 million from the Company's various investments in equity securities. During the year-to-date period ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized a loss of $51.5 million, which consisted of $55.9 million, primarily from mark-to-market adjustments of the Company's investment in Embark. This was partially offset by $4.4 million realized gains from the Company's other investments in equity securities.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements (Liabilities) — The following table depicts the level in the fair value hierarchy of the inputs used to estimate the fair value of liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Estimated Fair ValueLevel 1 InputsLevel 2 InputsLevel 3 InputsTotal Gain (Loss)
(In thousands)
As of June 30, 2023
Contingent consideration 1
$1,717 $— $— $1,717 $2,500 
As of December 31, 2022
Contingent consideration 1
$4,217 $— $— $4,217 $— 
1Contingent consideration is associated with acquisitions and investments. The Company recognized a gain of $2.5 million during the quarter and year-to-date periods ended June 30, 2023 and did not recognize any gains (losses) in the quarter and year-to-date periods ended June 30, 2022 related to the revaluation of these liabilities. Refer to Note 3 for information regarding material components of these liabilities.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements (Assets) — As of June 30, 2023, the Company had no major categories of assets estimated at fair value that were measured on a nonrecurring basis.
The following table depicts the level in the fair value hierarchy of the inputs used to estimate fair value of assets measured on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2022:
 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Estimated Fair ValueLevel 1 InputsLevel 2 InputsLevel 3 InputsTotal Loss
(In thousands)
As of December 31, 2022
Buildings 1
$— $— $— $— $(810)
1    Reflects the non-cash impairment of building improvements (within the non-reportable segments).
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Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements (Liabilities) — As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no major categories of liabilities estimated at fair value that were measured on a nonrecurring basis.
Gain on Sale of Revenue Equipment — Net gains on disposals, including disposals of property and equipment classified as assets held for sale, are reported in "Miscellaneous operating expenses" in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company recorded net gains on disposals of:
•$14.3 million and $23.0 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
•$35.2 million and $57.8 million for the year-to-date periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Fair Value of Pension Plan Assets — The following table sets forth by level the fair value hierarchy of ACT's pension plan financial assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ACT's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
Estimated
Fair Value		Level 1 InputsLevel 2 InputsLevel 3 Inputs
(In thousands)
As of June 30, 2023
US equity funds$7,469 $7,469 $— $— 
International equity funds3,680 3,680 — — 
Fixed income funds42,824 42,824 — — 
Cash and cash equivalents576 576 — — 
Total pension plan assets$54,549 $54,549 $— $— 
As of December 31, 2022
US equity funds$10,901 $10,901 $— $— 
International equity funds4,828 4,828 — — 
Fixed income funds34,728 34,728 — — 
Cash and cash equivalents2,078 2,078 — — 
Total pension plan assets$52,535 $52,535 $— $— 
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED
Note 13 — Related Party Transactions
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
Provided by Knight-SwiftReceived by Knight-SwiftProvided by Knight-SwiftReceived by Knight-SwiftProvided by Knight-SwiftReceived by Knight-SwiftProvided by Knight-SwiftReceived by Knight-Swift
(In thousands)
Facility and Equipment Leases
$— $21 $— $108 $— $46 $— $186 
Other Services
$— $259 $33 $9 $27 $393 $38 $18 
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
ReceivablePayableReceivablePayable
(In thousands)
Certain affiliates 1
$— $53 $24 $39 
1"Certain affiliates" includes entities that are associated with various board members and executives and require approval by the Audit Committee of the Board prior to completing transactions. Transactions with these entities generally include facility and equipment leases, equipment sales, and other services.
Note 14 — Financial Information by Segment and Geography
Segment Information
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
Revenue:(In thousands)
Truckload$953,659 $1,188,809 $1,965,904 $2,269,340 
LTL267,105 283,847 522,409 538,972 
Logistics119,943 248,662 258,226 530,701 
Intermodal104,327 132,871 214,899 242,093 
Subtotal$1,445,034 $1,854,189 $2,961,438 $3,581,106 
Non-reportable segments130,110 128,112 272,096 245,751 
Intersegment eliminations(22,165)(21,170)(43,623)(38,737)
Total revenue$1,552,979 $1,961,131 $3,189,911 $3,788,120 
 Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
Operating income (loss):(In thousands)
Truckload$67,911 $206,296 $183,810 $411,413 
LTL30,238 43,767 56,820 70,144 
Logistics9,566 43,749 22,386 83,350 
Intermodal(6,632)14,172 (1,530)29,342 
Subtotal$101,083 $307,984 $261,486 $594,249 
Non-reportable segments(7,053)17,794 (22,669)29,615 
Operating income$94,030 $325,778 $238,817 $623,864 
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 Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment:(In thousands)
Truckload$116,430 $112,719 $233,232 $223,068 
LTL16,820 15,321 33,008 30,581 
Logistics987 546 2,030 1,142 
Intermodal4,777 4,236 9,209 8,100 
Subtotal$139,014 $132,822 $277,479 $262,891 
Non-reportable segments17,367 14,660 34,868 29,635 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment$156,381 $147,482 $312,347 $292,526 
Geographical Information
In the aggregate, total revenue from the Company's international operations was less than 5.0% of consolidated total revenue for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Additionally, long-lived assets on the Company's international subsidiary balance sheets were less than 5.0% of consolidated total assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report contains certain statements that may be considered "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical or current fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including without limitation:
•any projections of or guidance regarding earnings, earnings per share, revenues, cash flows, dividends, capital expenditures, or other financial items,
•any statement of plans, strategies, and objectives of management for future operations,
•any statements concerning proposed acquisition plans, new services, or developments,
•any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, and
•any statements of belief and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. 
In this Quarterly Report, forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make concerning:
•our ability to gain market share and adapt to market conditions, the ability of our infrastructure to support future growth, and the ability, desire, and effects of expanding our service offerings (including expansion of our LTL network), whether we grow organically or through potential acquisitions,
•our ability to recruit and retain qualified driving associates,
•future safety performance,
•future performance of our segments or businesses,
•future capital expenditures, equipment prices (including used equipment) and availability, our equipment purchasing or leasing plans (including containers in our Intermodal segment), and mix of our owned versus leased revenue equipment, and our equipment turnover,
•the impact of pending legal proceedings,
•future insurance claims, coverage, coverage limits, premiums, and retention limits, including exposure through our Iron Insurance line of business,
•the expected freight environment, including freight demand, capacity, seasonality, and volumes,
•economic conditions and growth, including future inflation, consumer spending, supply chain conditions, labor supply and relations, and US Gross Domestic Product ("GDP") changes,
•expected liquidity and methods for achieving sufficient liquidity, including our expected need or desire to incur indebtedness and our ability to comply with debt covenants,
•future fuel prices and availability and the expected impact of fuel efficiency initiatives,
•future expenses, including depreciation and amortizations, interest rates, cost structure, and our ability to control costs,
•future rates, operating profitability and margin, asset utilization, and return on capital,
•future third-party service provider relationships and availability, including pricing terms,
•future contracted pay rates with independent contractors, ability to lease equipment to independent contractors, and compensation arrangements with driving associates,
•future capital allocation, capital structure, capital requirements, and growth strategies and opportunities,
•future share repurchases and dividends,
•future tax rates,
•expected tractor and trailer fleet age, fleet size, and demand for trailer fleet,
•future investment in and deployment of new or updated technology or services,
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•political conditions and regulations, including conflicts, trade regulation, quotas, duties, or tariffs, and any future changes to the foregoing,
•future purchased transportation expense,
•the U.S. Xpress transaction, including integration efforts and any future effects of the acquisition, and
•others.
Such statements may be identified by their use of terms or phrases such as "believe," "may," "could," "will," "would," "should," "expects," "estimates," "designed," "likely," "foresee," "goals," "seek," "target," "forecast," "projects," "anticipates," "plans," "intends," "hopes," "strategy," "potential," "objective," "mission," "continue," "outlook," "feel," and similar terms and phrases. Forward-looking statements are based on currently available operating, financial, and competitive information. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, which could cause future events and actual results to materially differ from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of our Quarterly Report for the quarter period ended March 31, 2023, Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our 2022 Annual Report, and various disclosures in our press releases, stockholder reports, and other filings with the SEC.
All such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly release any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any change in the events, conditions, or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
Reference to Glossary of Terms
Certain acronyms and terms used throughout this Quarterly Report are specific to our company, commonly used in our industry, or are otherwise frequently used throughout our document. Definitions for these acronyms and terms are provided in the "Glossary of Terms," available in the front of this document.
Reference to Annual Report
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) and footnotes included in this Quarterly Report, as well as the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our 2022 Annual Report.
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Executive Summary
Company Overview
Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc. is one of North America's largest and most diversified freight transportation companies, providing multiple full truckload, LTL, intermodal, and other complementary services. Our objective is to operate our business with industry-leading margins and continued organic growth and growth through acquisitions while providing safe, high-quality, cost-effective solutions for our customers. Knight-Swift uses a nationwide network of business units and terminals in the US and Mexico to serve customers throughout North America. In addition to operating the country's largest truckload fleet, Knight-Swift also contracts with third-party equipment providers to provide a broad range of transportation services to our customers while creating quality driving jobs for our driving associates and successful business opportunities for independent contractors. Our four reportable segments are Truckload, LTL, Logistics, and Intermodal. Additionally, we have various non-reportable segments.
Key Financial Highlights — First Half of 2023
Consolidated operating income decreased 61.7% to $238.8 million in the first half of 2023, as compared to the same period last year. Net income attributable to Knight-Swift decreased 60.8% to $167.6 million.
•Truckload — 90.7% operating ratio during the first half of 2023. The Adjusted Operating Ratio1 was 89.1%, with an 11.8% year-over-year decrease in revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions, driven by a 3.0% decrease in miles per tractor and an 11.8% decrease in revenue per tractor.
•LTL — 89.1% operating ratio during the first half of 2023. The Adjusted Operating Ratio1 was 85.4%, a 320 basis point increase year-over-year, as a result of softer volumes, higher wages, and the decline in fuel surcharge revenue year-over-year.
•Logistics — 91.3% operating ratio during the first half of 2023. The Adjusted Operating Ratio1 was 90.9%, while load count decreased 29.2%.
•Intermodal — 100.7% operating ratio during the first half of 2023, with a 16.3% decrease in average revenue per load, partially offset by an increase in load count of 6.1% year-over-year.
•Non-reportable Segments — Revenue grew 10.7% year-over-year, though operating income fell to a loss of $22.7 million driven by a $37.8 million operating loss (or $0.18 per diluted share) in our third-party insurance business primarily as a result of increased frequency and unfavorable claim development during the first half of the year and premium collection issues associated with small carriers.
•Acquisition of U.S. Xpress — Having closed on July 1, 2023, our synergy teams of leaders from Knight, Swift, and U.S. Xpress are now fully engaged in sharing information, best practices, and further defining opportunities for improvement, and action plans to execute on those opportunities are well under way. We expect to apply a similar approach to integration as we used successfully in the Knight-Swift merger, using cross-functional teams composed of leaders from Knight, Swift, and U.S. Xpress, and we remain encouraged given the positive outcome of the Knight-Swift merger and certain similarities in this transaction.
•Liquidity and Capital — During the year-to-date period ended June 30, 2023, we generated $722.2 million in operating cash flows and Free Cash Flow1 of $303.1 million. We paid down $29.3 million in finance lease liabilities, $22.2 million in operating lease liabilities, and $123.0 million on our revolving credit facilities prior to obtaining financing of $250.0 million under the 2023 Term Loan and $210.0 million from our revolving credit facilities to fund the $444.7 million set aside for escrow associated with the closing of the U.S. Xpress acquisition. As of June 30, 2023, we had a balance of $229.0 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, $1.3 billion face value outstanding on the 2021 Term Loans and 2023 Term Loan, and $7.1 billion of stockholders' equity. We do not foresee material liquidity constraints or any issues with our ongoing ability to meet our debt covenants. See discussion under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for additional information.
________
1Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.
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Key Financial Data and Operating Metrics
 Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
 2023202220232022
GAAP financial data: (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Total revenue$1,552,979 $1,961,131 $3,189,911 $3,788,120 
Revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge$1,390,448 $1,694,531 $2,840,741 $3,342,409 
Net income attributable to Knight-Swift$63,326 $219,492 $167,610 $427,829 
Earnings per diluted share$0.39 $1.35 $1.04 $2.60 
Operating ratio93.9 %83.4 %92.5 %83.5 %
Non-GAAP financial data:
Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift 1
$78,618 $230,189 $197,109 $455,052 
Adjusted EPS 1
$0.49 $1.41 $1.22 $2.76 
Adjusted Operating Ratio 1
91.8 %79.9 %90.2 %80.3 %
Revenue equipment statistics by segment:
Truckload
Average tractors 2
17,851 18,055 18,002 18,010 
Average trailers 3
79,911 73,010 79,700 72,111 
LTL
Average tractors 4
3,163 3,129 3,163 3,110 
Average trailers 5
8,452 8,402 8,419 8,352 
Intermodal
Average tractors656 623 631 603 
Average containers12,842 11,491 12,835 11,259 
1Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted Operating Ratio are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be considered alternatives, or superior to, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. However, management believes that presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors regarding the Company's results of operations. Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted Operating Ratio are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under "Non-GAAP Financial Measures," below.
2Our tractor fleet within the Truckload segment had a weighted average age of 2.6 years and 2.7 years as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
3Our average trailers includes 8,377 and 6,014 trailers related to leasing activities recorded within our non-reportable segments for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our trailer fleet within the Truckload segment had a weighted average age of 10.0 years and 8.6 years as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Our average trailers includes 8,683 and 6,783 trailers related to leasing activities recorded within our non-reportable segments for the year-to-date period June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
4Our LTL tractor fleet had a weighted average age of 4.2 years and 4.6 years as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our LTL tractor fleet includes 604 and 700 tractors from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our LTL tractor fleet includes 611 and 698 tractors from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the year-to-date period June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
5Our LTL trailer fleet had a weighted average age of 8.4 years and 8.0 years as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our LTL trailer fleet includes 778 and 962 trailers from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our LTL trailer fleet includes 778 and 935 trailers from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the year-to-date period June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Market Trends and Outlook
The national unemployment rate was 3.6%1 as of June 30, 2023, as compared to 3.6%1 as of June 30, 2022. The US gross domestic product, which is the broadest measure of goods and services produced across the economy, increased by 2.4%2 on a year-over-year basis, per preliminary third-party forecasts. The increase, compared to the 2022 decrease of 0.9%, reflected increases in consumer spending, nonresidential fixed investment, state and local government spending, private inventory investment, and federal government spending that were partly offset by decreases in exports and residential fixed investment. Early estimates of the second quarter 2023 US employment cost index indicate a year-over-year increase of 4.5%1 and a sequential increase of 1.0%1.
The freight market outlook for the remainder of 2023 includes the following:
•Continued softness in freight demand through the third quarter with modest seasonal uplift in the fourth quarter;
•Non-contract rates improve modestly after bottoming in the second quarter but remain below contract rates through the third quarter while contract rate declines slow sequentially;
•Capacity continues to exit at an accelerating rate;
•Expect trailer pool service, which facilitates preloaded trailer pick-ups and/or drop trailer deliveries, to continue to be a differentiator when demand recovers;
•LTL demand under modest pressure but remains more stable than truckload;
•LTL year-over-year improvement in revenue, excluding fuel surcharge per hundredweight;
•Cost per mile stabilizes on a year-over-year basis in the back half of the year;
•Equipment availability continues to improve;
•Demand for used tractors weakens as small carriers struggle; and
•Labor alternatives in the general economy remain attractive, providing a headwind to hiring and utilization until freight conditions improve.
Based on the above market factors, our Company outlook for the remainder of 2023 includes the following:
Legacy Knight-Swift business
•Truckload rates continue to be pressured, with a year-over-year decrease in overall revenue per mile of high single to low double digits for the full year;
•Truckload tractor count down modestly with miles per tractor improving on a year-over-year basis in the second half of the year;
•LTL revenue, excluding fuel surcharge increases modestly year-over-year with relatively stable margin profile and typical seasonality;
•Logistics volume and revenue per load remains under pressure into the third quarter before improving sequentially in the fourth quarter, with an operating ratio of approximately 90% for the year;
•Intermodal operating ratio roughly breakeven for the full year with volumes up year over year; and
•Non-reportable segments to have modest revenue growth for the year and operating income in the second half roughly in line on a year-over-year basis as insurance losses are expected to moderate.
Combined Knight-Swift and U.S. Xpress
•Equipment gains to be in the range of $10 million to $15 million quarterly;
•Expect approximately $20 million increase in interest expense in the second half of 2023 as compared to the first half, reflecting approximately $800 million additional debt from U.S. Xpress acquisition and assuming the Federal Reserve rate hiking cycle is nearly complete;
•Net cash capital expenditures for the full year 2023 expected range of $700 million – $750 million, which has been updated from $640 million to $690 million to include anticipated expenditures for U.S. Xpress; and
•Expected tax rate of 25% to 26% for the full year 2023.
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In addition to the above, we expect the Truckload segment will continue to operate efficiently and the Logistics segment will continue to provide value to our customers through our power-only and traditional brokerage service offerings. Our ACT and MME teams are working together to further build out a super-regional network that we expect will provide additional yield and revenue opportunities. As of the fourth quarter of 2022, ACT and MME are on the same platform. We experienced some challenges in the integration, but believe the material challenges were addressed during the first quarter of 2023. The Intermodal segment continues to build out its network that aligns with our new rail partners. Our non-reportable segments are further expanding to complement our other service offerings even as we work to improve the underwriting profitability of our insurance program as well as reduce our exposure to small carrier risk in the current market.
We anticipate that rent expense as a percentage of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge, will increase over the remainder of 2023 as we incorporate equipment from U.S. Xpress's lease portfolio into our fleet. We anticipate that depreciation and amortization expense will increase, as a percentage of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge, as we intend to purchase, rather than enter into operating leases, for a majority of our revenue equipment, terminal improvements, or terminal expansions in the remainder of 2023. With significant tightening in the insurance markets, we may also experience changes in premiums, retention limits, and excess coverage limits in the remainder of 2023. While fuel expense is generally offset by fuel surcharge revenue, our fuel expense, net of truckload and LTL fuel surcharge revenue, may increase in the future, particularly during periods of sharply rising fuel prices. In periods of declining prices the opposite is true. Overall, we remain committed to long-term profitability as we continue to leverage opportunities across the Knight-Swift brands, and efficiently deploy our assets, while maintaining a relentless focus on cost control. This includes seeking acquisition opportunities to improve earnings, gain customers, and reach more professional drivers, as illustrated by the acquisition of U.S. Xpress and our intention to expand the geographic footprint of our LTL network.
________
1Source: bls.gov
2Source: bea.gov
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Results of Operations — Summary
Operating Results: Second Quarter 2023 Compared to Second Quarter 2022
The $156.2 million decrease in net income attributable to Knight-Swift to $63.3 million during the second quarter of 2023 from $219.5 million during the same period last year includes the following:
•Contributor — $138.4 million decrease in operating income within our Truckload segment. Quarter-over-quarter miles per tractor decreased 3.3% during the second quarter of 2023, and revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions declined by 15.5%.
•Contributor — $34.2 million decrease in operating income within our Logistics segment due to 35.0% decline in load count.
•Contributor — $20.8 million decrease in operating income within our Intermodal segment, driven by a 24.5% decrease in revenue per load, partially offset by a 4.0% increase in load count.
•Contributor — $24.8 million decrease in operating income within the non-reportable segments, primarily due to a $15.0 million operating loss from our Iron Insurance line of business.
•Contributor — $13.5 million decrease in operating income within our LTL segment partly due to a 3.9% decrease in shipments per day.
•Contributor — $15.0 million increase in consolidated interest expense primarily driven by higher interest rates.
•Offset — $35.3 million increase in "Other income (expenses), net," primarily driven by an unrealized loss on our investment in Embark recorded in the second quarter of 2022 and a net gain recorded within our portfolio of investments during the second quarter of 2023.
•Offset — $50.1 million decrease in consolidated income tax expense, primarily due to a reduction of pre-tax income. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 25.9% for the second quarter of 2023, and 24.7% for the second quarter of 2022.
Operating Results: First Half 2023 Compared to First Half 2022
The $260.2 million decrease in net income attributable to Knight-Swift to $167.6 million during the first half of 2023 from $427.8 million during the same period last year includes the following:
•Contributor — $227.6 million decrease in operating income within our Truckload segment. Miles per tractor decreased 3.0% during the first half of 2023, and revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions declined by 11.8%.
•Contributor — $61.0 million decrease in operating income within our Logistics segment due to a 29.2% decline in load count.
•Contributor — $30.9 million decrease in operating income within our Intermodal segment, driven by a 16.3% decrease in revenue per load.
•Contributor — $52.3 million decrease in operating income within the non-reportable segments, primarily due to a $37.8 million operating loss from our Iron Insurance line of business.
•Contributor — $31.4 million increase in consolidated interest expense primarily driven by higher interest rates.
•Contributor — $13.3 million decrease in operating income within our LTL segment partly due to a 4.7% decrease in shipments per day.
•Offset — $59.4 million increase in "Other income (expenses), net," primarily driven by an unrealized loss on our investment in Embark recorded in the first half of 2022 and a net gain recorded within our portfolio of investments during the first half of 2023.
•Offset — $86.6 million decrease in consolidated income tax expense was primarily due to a reduction of pre-tax income. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 24.7% for the first half of 2023, and 24.8% for the first half of 2022.
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Results of Operations — Segment Review
The Company has four reportable segments: Truckload, LTL, Logistics, and Intermodal, as well as certain non-reportable segments.
Consolidating Tables for Total Revenue and Operating Income (Loss)
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
Revenue:(In thousands)
Truckload$953,659 $1,188,809 $1,965,904 $2,269,340 
LTL267,105 283,847 522,409 538,972 
Logistics119,943 248,662 258,226 530,701 
Intermodal104,327 132,871 214,899 242,093 
Subtotal$1,445,034 $1,854,189 $2,961,438 $3,581,106 
Non-reportable segments130,110 128,112 272,096 245,751 
Intersegment eliminations(22,165)(21,170)(43,623)(38,737)
Total revenue$1,552,979 $1,961,131 $3,189,911 $3,788,120 
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
Operating income (loss):(In thousands)
Truckload$67,911 $206,296 $183,810 $411,413 
LTL30,238 43,767 56,820 70,144 
Logistics9,566 43,749 22,386 83,350 
Intermodal(6,632)14,172 (1,530)29,342 
Subtotal$101,083 $307,984 $261,486 $594,249 
Non-reportable segments(7,053)17,794 (22,669)29,615 
Operating income$94,030 $325,778 $238,817 $623,864 

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Revenue
•Our truckload services include irregular route and dedicated, refrigerated, expedited, flatbed, and cross-border transportation of various products, goods, and materials for our diverse customer base with approximately 13,500 irregular route and 4,500 dedicated tractors.
•Our LTL business, which was initially established in 2021 through the ACT acquisition and later the MME acquisition, provides our customers with regional LTL transportation service through our growing network of approximately 100 facilities and a door count of approximately 4,400. Our LTL segment operates approximately 3,200 tractors and approximately 8,500 trailers and also provides national coverage to our customers by utilizing partner carriers for areas outside of our direct network.
•Our Logistics and Intermodal segments provide a multitude of shipping solutions, including additional sources of truckload capacity and alternative transportation modes, by utilizing our vast network of third-party capacity providers and rail providers, as well as certain logistics and freight management services. We continue to offer power-only services through our Logistics segment leveraging our fleet of over 80,000 trailers.
•Our non-reportable segments include support services provided to our customers and third-party carriers including insurance, equipment maintenance, equipment leasing, warehousing, trailer parts manufacturing, and warranty services. Our non-reportable segments also include certain corporate expenses (such as legal settlements and accruals, certain impairments, and amortization of intangibles related to the 2017 Merger and various acquisitions).
•In addition to the revenues earned from our customers for the trucking and non-trucking services discussed above, we also earn fuel surcharge revenue from our customers through our fuel surcharge programs, which serve to recover a majority of our fuel costs. This generally applies only to loaded miles for our Truckload and LTL segments and typically does not offset non-paid empty miles, idle time, and out-of-route miles driven. Fuel surcharge programs involve a computation based on the change in national or regional fuel prices. These programs may update as often as weekly, but typically require a specified minimum change in fuel cost to prompt a change in fuel surcharge revenue. Therefore, many of these programs have a time lag between when fuel costs change and when the change is reflected in fuel surcharge revenue for our Truckload and LTL segments.
Expenses
Our most significant expenses typically vary with miles traveled and include fuel, driving associate-related expenses (such as wages and benefits), and services purchased from third-party service providers (including other trucking companies, railroad and drayage providers, and independent contractors). Maintenance and tire expenses, as well as the cost of insurance and claims generally vary with the miles we travel, but also have a controllable component based on safety performance, fleet age, operating efficiency, and other factors. Our primary fixed costs are depreciation and lease expense for revenue equipment and terminals, non-driver employee compensation, amortization of intangible assets, and interest expenses.
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Operating Statistics
We measure our consolidated and segment results through the operating statistics listed in the table below. Our chief operating decision makers monitor the GAAP results of our reportable segments, supplemented by certain non-GAAP information. Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for more details. Additionally, we use a number of primary indicators to monitor our revenue and expense performance and efficiency.
Operating StatisticRelevant Segment(s)Description
Average Revenue per TractorTruckloadMeasures productivity and represents revenue (excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions) divided by average tractor count
Total Miles per TractorTruckloadTotal miles (including loaded and empty miles) a tractor travels on average
Average Length of HaulTruckload, LTLFor our Truckload segment this is calculated as average miles traveled with loaded trailer cargo per order.
For our LTL segment this is calculated as average miles traveled from the origin service center to the destination service center.
Non-paid Empty Miles PercentageTruckloadPercentage of miles without trailer cargo
Shipments per DayLTLAverage number of shipments completed each business day
Weight per ShipmentLTLTotal weight (in pounds) divided by total shipments
Revenue per shipmentLTLTotal revenue divided by total shipments
Revenue xFSC per shipmentLTLTotal revenue, excluding fuel surcharge, divided by total shipments
Revenue per hundredweightLTL
Measures yield and is calculated as total revenue divided by total weight (in pounds) times 100
Revenue xFSC per hundredweightLTLTotal revenue, excluding fuel surcharge, divided by total weight (in pounds) times 100
Average TractorsTruckload, LTL, IntermodalAverage tractors in operation during the period including company tractors and tractors provided by independent contractors
Average TrailersTruckload, LTLAverage trailers in operation during the period
Average Revenue per LoadLogistics, IntermodalTotal revenue (excluding intersegment transactions) divided by load count
Gross Margin PercentageLogisticsLogistics gross margin (revenue, excluding intersegment transactions, less purchased transportation expense, excluding intersegment transactions) as a percentage of logistics revenue, excluding intersegment transactions
Average ContainersIntermodalAverage containers in operation during the period
GAAP Operating RatioTruckload,
LTL, Logistics, Intermodal		Measures operating efficiency and is widely used in our industry as an assessment of management's effectiveness in controlling all categories of operating expenses. Calculated as operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue, or the inverse of operating margin.
Non-GAAP Adjusted Operating RatioTruckload,
LTL, Logistics, Intermodal		Measures operating efficiency and is widely used in our industry as an assessment of management's effectiveness in controlling all categories of operating expenses. Consolidated and segment Adjusted Operating Ratios are reconciled to their corresponding GAAP operating ratios under "Non-GAAP Financial Measures," below.
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Segment Review
Truckload Segment
We generate revenue in the Truckload segment primarily through irregular route, dedicated, refrigerated, expedited, flatbed, and cross-border service operations across our brands. We operated approximately 13,500 irregular route tractors and approximately 4,500 dedicated route tractors in use during the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Generally, we are paid a predetermined rate per mile or per load for our truckload services. Additional revenues are generated by charging for tractor and trailer detention, loading and unloading activities, dedicated services, and other specialized services, as well as through the collection of fuel surcharge revenue to mitigate the impact of increases in the cost of fuel. The main factors that affect the revenue generated by our Truckload segment are rate per mile from our customers, the percentage of miles for which we are compensated, and the number of loaded miles we generate with our equipment.
The most significant expenses in the Truckload segment are primarily variable and include fuel and fuel taxes, driving associate-related expenses (such as wages, benefits, training, and recruitment), and costs associated with independent contractors primarily included in "Purchased transportation" in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Maintenance expense (which includes costs for replacement tires for our revenue equipment) and insurance and claims expenses have both fixed and variable components. These expenses generally vary with the miles we travel, but also have a controllable component based on safety, fleet age, efficiency, and other factors. The main fixed costs in the Truckload segment are depreciation and rent expense from tractors, trailers, and terminals, as well as compensating our non-driver employees.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands, except per tractor data)Increase (Decrease)
Total revenue$953,659 $1,188,809 $1,965,904 $2,269,340 (19.8  %)(13.4  %)
Revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions$829,373 $981,479 $1,695,353 $1,923,013 (15.5  %)(11.8  %)
GAAP: Operating income$67,911 $206,296 $183,810 $411,413 (67.1  %)(55.3  %)
Non-GAAP: Adjusted Operating Income 1
$68,210 $206,619 $184,452 $412,060 (67.0  %)(55.2  %)
Average revenue per tractor 2
$46,461 $54,361 $94,176 $106,775 (14.5  %)(11.8  %)
GAAP: Operating ratio 2
92.9 %82.6 %90.7 %81.9 %1,030  bps880  bps
Non-GAAP: Adjusted Operating Ratio 1 2
91.8 %78.9 %89.1 %78.6 %1,290  bps1,050  bps
Non-paid empty miles percentage 2
15.2 %14.6 %15.1 %14.4 %60  bps70  bps
Average length of haul (miles) 2
385 392 388 393 (1.8  %)(1.3  %)
Total miles per tractor 2
18,904 19,542 37,304 38,460 (3.3  %)(3.0  %)
Average tractors 2 3
17,851 18,055 18,002 18,010 (1.1  %)—  %
Average trailers 2 4
79,911 73,010 79,700 72,111 9.5  %10.5  %
1    Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.
2    Defined under "Operating Statistics," above.
3    Includes 15,995 and 16,172 average company-owned tractors for the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Includes 16,128 and 16,165 average company-owned tractors for the first half of 2023 and 2022, respectively.
4    Our average trailers includes 8,377 and 6,014 trailers related to leasing activities recorded within our non-reportable operating segments for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our average trailers includes 8,683 and 6,783 trailers related to leasing activities recorded within our non-reportable operating segments for the year-to-date period June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The Truckload segment experienced an extremely difficult environment, operating with a 91.8% Adjusted Operating Ratio as soft demand and a slight uptick in driver turnover were headwinds to volumes and utilization. Revenue per loaded mile, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions, declined 11.0% year-over-year as new rates continue to take effect throughout our portfolio and as pricing pressure intensified in the softer volume environment. Revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions, was $829.4 million, a decrease of 15.5% year-over-year. Miles per tractor decreased 3.3%, and revenue per tractor decreased 14.5% year-over-year as the improving revenue per tractor in our dedicated division was more than offset by declines in the over-the-road business. Cost per mile, net of fuel surcharge recovery, increased 2.7% year-over-year but was stable sequentially.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The Truckload segment operated with an 89.1% Adjusted Operating Ratio. Revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions, was $1.7 billion, a decrease of 11.8% year-over-year. Miles per tractor decreased 3.0%, and revenue per tractor decreased 11.8% year-over-year as the improving revenue per tractor in our dedicated division was more than offset by declines in the over-the-road business. Cost per mile, net of fuel surcharge recovery, increased 3.2% year-over-year.
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LTL Segment
Dothan, Alabama-based ACT and Bismarck, North Dakota-based MME, both acquired in 2021, comprise our LTL segment. We provide regional direct service and serve our customers' national transportation needs by utilizing key partner carriers for coverage areas outside of our network. We primarily generate revenue by transporting freight for our customers through our core LTL services.
Our revenues are impacted by shipment volume and tonnage levels that flow through our network. Additional revenues are generated through fuel surcharges and accessorial services provided during transit from shipment origin to destination. We focus on the following multiple revenue generation factors when reviewing revenue yield: revenue per hundredweight, revenue per shipment, weight per shipment, and length of haul. Fluctuations within each of these metrics are analyzed when determining the revenue quality of our customers' shipment density.
Our most significant expense is related to direct costs associated with the transportation of our freight moves including direct salary, wage and benefit costs, fuel expense, and depreciation expense associated with revenue equipment costs. Other expenses associated with revenue generation that can fluctuate and impact operating results are insurance and claims expenses, as well as maintenance costs of our revenue equipment. These expenses can be influenced by multiple factors including our safety performance, equipment age, and other factors. A key component of lowering our operating costs is labor efficiency within our network. We continue to focus on technological advances to improve the customer experience and reduce our operating costs.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands, except per tractor data)Increase (Decrease)
Total revenue$267,105 $283,847 $522,409 $538,972 (5.9  %)(3.1  %)
Revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions$228,578 $224,178 $442,507 $438,853 2.0  %0.8  %
GAAP: Operating income$30,238 $43,767 $56,820 $70,144 (30.9  %)(19.0  %)
Non-GAAP: Adjusted Operating Income 1
$34,158 $47,762 $64,660 $78,084 (28.5  %)(17.2  %)
GAAP: Operating ratio 2
88.7 %84.6 %89.1 %87.0 %410  bps210  bps
Non-GAAP: Adjusted Operating Ratio 1 2
85.1 %78.7 %85.4 %82.2 %640  bps320  bps
LTL shipments per day 2
18,898 19,657 18,308 19,220 (3.9  %)(4.7  %)
LTL weight per shipment 2
1,058 1,068 1,059 1,083 (0.9  %)(2.2  %)
LTL average length of haul (miles) 2
545 522 540 522 4.4  %3.4  %
LTL revenue per shipment 2
$187.92 $191.30 $188.59 $185.01 (1.8  %)1.9  %
LTL revenue xFSC per shipment 2
$160.66 $151.64 $159.60 $151.18 5.9  %5.6  %
LTL revenue per hundredweight 2
$17.77 $17.91 $17.80 $17.09 (0.8  %)4.2  %
LTL revenue xFSC per hundredweight 2
$15.19 $14.20 $15.07 $13.97 7.0  %7.9  %
LTL average tractors 2 3
3,163 3,129 3,163 3,110 1.1  %1.7  %
LTL average trailers 2 4
8,452 8,402 8,419 8,352 0.6  %0.8  %
1Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.
2Defined under "Operating Statistics," above.
3Our LTL tractor fleet includes 604 and 700 tractors from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our LTL tractor fleet includes 611 and 698 tractors from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the year-to-date period June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
4Our LTL trailer fleet includes 778 and 962 trailers from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our LTL trailer fleet includes 778 and 935 trailers from ACT's and MME's dedicated and other businesses for the year-to-date period June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — Our LTL segment operated well, producing an 85.1% Adjusted Operating Ratio during the second quarter of 2023, which represents a slight improvement sequentially but a 640 basis point degradation from the second quarter of 2022 as softer volumes, higher wages, and the decline in fuel surcharge revenues over the past year have pressured the Adjusted Operating Ratio. Shipments per day decreased 3.9% year-over-year with softer demand. Revenue per hundredweight increased 7.0% excluding fuel surcharge, while revenue per shipment increased by 5.9%, excluding fuel surcharge, reflecting a 0.9% decrease in weight per shipment.
We expect our connected LTL network and the expanding use of shipment dimensioning technology will provide additional opportunities for revenue growth. During the second quarter, we increased our door count by 50, and we expect door capacity to continue to grow by an additional 100 doors through the remainder of 2023. We remain encouraged by the strong performance within our LTL segment, and we continue to look for both organic and inorganic opportunities to geographically expand our footprint within the LTL market.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — Our LTL segment produced an 85.4% Adjusted Operating Ratio during the first half of 2023, a 320 basis point degradation over the first half of 2022. Shipments per day decreased 4.7% with softer demand. Revenue per hundredweight increased 7.9% excluding fuel surcharge, while revenue per shipment increased by 5.6%, excluding fuel surcharge, reflecting a 2.2% decrease in weight per shipment.
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Logistics Segment
The Logistics segment is less asset-intensive than the Truckload and LTL segments and is dependent upon capable non-driver employees, modern and effective information technology, and third-party capacity providers. Logistics revenue is generated by its brokerage operations. We generate additional revenue by offering specialized logistics solutions (including, but not limited to, trailing equipment, origin management, surge volume, disaster relief, special projects, and other logistic needs). Logistics revenue is mainly affected by the rates we obtain from customers, the freight volumes we ship through third-party capacity providers, and our ability to secure third-party capacity providers to transport customer freight.
The most significant expense in the Logistics segment is purchased transportation that we pay to third-party capacity providers, which is primarily a variable cost and is included in "Purchased transportation" in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Variability in this expense depends on truckload capacity, availability of third-party capacity providers, rates charged to customers, current freight demand, and customer shipping needs. Fixed Logistics operating expenses primarily include non-driver employee compensation and benefits recorded in "Salaries, wages, and benefits" and depreciation and amortization expense recorded in "Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment" in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands, except per load data)Increase (Decrease)
Total revenue$119,943 $248,662 $258,226 $530,701 (51.8  %)(51.3  %)
Revenue, excluding intersegment transactions$117,782 $247,319 $254,559 $527,490 (52.4  %)(51.7  %)
GAAP: Operating income$9,566 $43,749 $22,386 $83,350 (78.1  %)(73.1  %)
Non-GAAP: Adjusted Operating Income 1 2
$9,900 $44,083 $23,054 $84,018 (77.5  %)(72.6  %)
Revenue per load 2
$1,652 $2,257 $1,685 $2,471 (26.8  %)(31.8  %)
Gross margin percentage 2
19.4 %24.4 %19.6 %22.2 %(500  bps)(260  bps)
GAAP: Operating ratio 2
92.0 %82.4 %91.3 %84.3 %960  bps700  bps
Non-GAAP: Adjusted Operating Ratio 1 2
91.6 %82.2 %90.9 %84.1 %940  bps680  bps
1    Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.
2    Defined under "Operating Statistics," above.
Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The Logistics segment Adjusted Operating Ratio was 91.6%, with a gross margin of 19.4% in the second quarter of 2023, down from 24.4% in the second quarter of 2022 as pressure on top-line pricing is no longer being offset by corresponding reductions in purchased transportation costs. The brokerage space continues to endure soft demand, causing our load count to decline by 35.0% year-over-year, though our traditional brokerage volumes are seeing greater declines than our power-only service offering. The soft demand resulted in revenue per load decreasing by 26.8% year-over-year. We continue to leverage our consolidated fleet of approximately 80,000 trailers as we build out our power-only service. We continue to innovate with technology intended to remove friction and allow seamless connectivity, leading to services that we expect will capture new opportunities for revenue growth.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The Logistics segment Adjusted Operating Ratio was 90.9%, with a gross margin of 19.6% in the first half of 2023, down slightly from 22.2% in the first half of 2022. The brokerage space continues to endure soft demand, causing our load count to decline by 29.2% and revenue per load to decrease by 31.8% during the first half of 2023 when compared to the first half of 2022.
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Intermodal Segment
The Intermodal segment complements our regional operating model, allows us to better serve customers in longer haul lanes, and reduces our investment in fixed assets. Through the Intermodal segment, we generate revenue by moving freight over the rail in our containers and other trailing equipment, combined with revenue for drayage to transport loads between railheads and customer locations. The most significant expense in the Intermodal segment is the cost of purchased transportation that we pay to third-party capacity providers (including rail providers), which is primarily variable and included in "Purchased transportation" in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. While rail pricing is determined on an annual basis, purchased transportation varies as it relates to rail capacity, freight demand, and customer shipping needs. The main fixed costs in the Intermodal segment are depreciation of our company tractors related to drayage, containers, and chassis, as well as non-driver employee compensation and benefits.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands, except per load data)Increase (Decrease)
Total revenue$104,327 $132,871 $214,899 $242,093 (21.5  %)(11.2  %)
Revenue, excluding intersegment transactions$104,327 $132,854 $214,899 $242,046 (21.5  %)(11.2  %)
GAAP: Operating income$(6,632)$14,172 $(1,530)$29,342 (146.8  %)(105.2  %)
Average revenue per load 1
$2,749 $3,642 $2,979 $3,560 (24.5  %)(16.3  %)
GAAP: Operating ratio 1
106.4 %89.3 %100.7 %87.9 %1,710  bps1,280  bps
Load count37,945 36,474 72,138 67,989 4.0  %6.1  %
Average tractors 2
656 623 631 603 5.3  %4.6  %
Average containers 2
12,842 11,491 12,835 11,259 11.8  %14.0  %
1    Defined under "Operating Statistics," above.
2    Includes 595 and 558 company-owned tractors for the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Includes 568 and 546 company-owned tractors for the year-to-date periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The Intermodal segment operated with a 106.4% operating ratio while total revenue decreased 21.5% to $104.3 million. While load count increased year-over-year by 4.0%, revenue per load declined 24.5% as a result of soft demand, competitive truck capacity, and the winding down of a container leasing project. With improved rail pricing going into effect in the second half of the year, initiatives to reduce chassis costs, and volume support from new bid awards and improved rail service, we expect to improve the operating results of this segment moving forward. We remain focused on growing our load count and improving the efficiency of our assets as Intermodal continues to provide value to our customers and is complementary to the many services we offer.
We expect to continue to grow with new customers and expand with existing customers. With our container fleet count now approximately 12,800, we do not expect to order additional containers until we achieve meaningful improvement in our turns per container. Our capex strategy is shifting to chassis moving forward as we work to better optimize our operation and reduce equipment costs. We remain focused on growing our load count and improving the efficiency of our assets as Intermodal continues to provide value to our customers and is complementary to the many services we offer.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The Intermodal segment operated with a 100.7% operating ratio while revenue excluding intersegment transactions decreased 11.2% to $214.9 million. Load count increased year-over-year by 6.1%, reflecting continued load growth since transitioning western rail partners in January 2022.
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Non-reportable Segments
Our non-reportable segments include support services provided to our customers and third-party carriers including insurance, equipment maintenance, equipment leasing, warehousing, trailer parts manufacturing, and warranty services. Our non-reportable segments also include certain corporate expenses (such as legal settlements and accruals, certain impairments, and $12.0 million in quarterly amortization of intangibles related to the 2017 Merger and various acquisitions).
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Total revenue$130,110 $128,112 $272,096 $245,751 1.6  %10.7  %
Operating (loss) income$(7,053)$17,794 $(22,669)$29,615 (139.6  %)(176.5  %)
Revenue growth slowed to 1.6% year-over-year, largely as a result of our actions designed to address the recent challenges within our third-party insurance program, producing a $7.1 million operating loss within our non-reportable segments. Our efforts to improve our Iron Insurance line of business reduced its operating loss by $7.8 million since the first quarter to a $15.0 million operating loss (or $0.07 per diluted share) during the second quarter of 2023. We have made progress reducing the exposure basis of third party carrier risk, and we are applying more stringent underwriting criteria and higher premiums for any retained risk as policies come up for renewal. The current operating loss is primarily due to ongoing claims development and the time it takes to work higher premiums through the portfolio.
Revenue growth of 10.7% between the first half of 2023 and the first half of 2022 was offset by the challenges within our third-party insurance program, resulting in a $22.7 million operating loss within our non-reportable segments. Overall, our Iron Insurance line of business produced a $37.8 million operating loss (or $0.18 per diluted share) during the first half of 2023, primarily due to increased frequency and unfavorable claim development as well as insurance premium collection issues associated with small carriers who are struggling given the soft freight market conditions.
As noted previously, it will take some time for this pivot to fully materialize in the results, but we expect sequential income growth and a positive contribution for the non-reportable segments as a whole in the second half of the year, supported by continued revenue growth from the other activities within our non-reportable segments moving forward.
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Results of Operations — Consolidated Operating and Other Expenses
Consolidated Operating Expenses
The following tables present certain operating expenses from our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, including each operating expense as a percentage of total revenue and as a percentage of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge. Truckload and LTL fuel surcharge revenue can be volatile and is primarily dependent upon the cost of fuel, rather than operating expenses unrelated to fuel. Therefore, we believe that revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge is a better measure for analyzing many of our expenses and operating metrics.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Salaries, wages, and benefits$533,237 $549,956 $1,069,979 $1,086,012 (3.0  %)(1.5  %)
% of total revenue34.3 %28.0 %33.5 %28.7 %630  bps480  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge38.4 %32.5 %37.7 %32.5 %590  bps520  bps
Salaries, wages, and benefits expense is primarily affected by the total number of miles driven by and rates we pay to our company driving associates, and employee benefits including healthcare, workers' compensation, and other benefits. To a lesser extent, non-driver employee headcount, compensation, and benefits affect this expense. Driving associate wages represent the largest component of salaries, wages, and benefits expense.
Several ongoing market factors have reduced the pool of available driving associates, contributing to a challenging driver sourcing market, which we believe will continue. Having a sufficient number of qualified driving associates is a significant headwind, although we continue to seek ways to attract and retain qualified driving associates, including heavily investing in our recruiting efforts, our driving academies, technology, our equipment, and our terminals that improve the experience of driving associates. We expect labor costs (related to both driving associates and non-driver employees) to remain inflationary, which we expect will result in additional pay increases in the future, thereby increasing our salaries, wages, and benefits expense.
Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — Consolidated salaries, wages, and benefits decreased by $16.7 million for the second quarter of 2023, as compared to the second quarter of 2022. This decrease primarily pertained to a 4.2% decrease in miles driven by company driving associates as well as a decrease in non-driver salaries and wages.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — Consolidated salaries, wages, and benefits decreased by $16.0 million for the first half of 2023, as compared to the first half of 2022. This decrease primarily pertained to a 3.3% decrease in miles driven by company driving associates as well as a decrease in non-driver salaries and wages.
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Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Fuel$168,300 $257,146 $356,059 $447,635 (34.6  %)(20.5  %)
% of total revenue10.8 %13.1 %11.2 %11.8 %(230  bps)(60  bps)
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge12.1 %15.2 %12.5 %13.4 %(310  bps)(90  bps)
Fuel expense consists primarily of diesel fuel expense for our company-owned tractors. The primary factors affecting our fuel expense are the cost of diesel fuel, the fuel economy of our equipment, and the miles driven by company driving associates.
Our fuel surcharge programs help to offset increases in fuel prices, but generally apply only to loaded miles for our Truckload and LTL segments and typically do not offset non-paid empty miles, idle time, or out-of-route miles driven. Typical fuel surcharge programs involve a computation based on the change in national or regional fuel prices. These programs may update as often as weekly, but typically require a specified minimum change in fuel cost to prompt a change in fuel surcharge revenue for our Truckload and LTL segments. Therefore, many of these programs have a time lag between when fuel costs change and when the change is reflected in fuel surcharge revenue. Due to this time lag, our fuel expense, net of fuel surcharge, negatively impacts our operating income during periods of sharply rising fuel costs and positively impacts our operating income during periods of falling fuel costs. We continue to utilize our fuel efficiency initiatives such as trailer blades, idle-control, management of tractor speeds, fleet updates for more fuel-efficient engines, management of fuel procurement, and driving associate training programs that we believe contribute to controlling our fuel expense.
Comparison Between Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $88.8 million decrease in consolidated fuel expense for the second quarter is due to a decrease in total miles driven by company driving associates as well as lower average DOE fuel prices for the second quarter of 2023 as compared to the second quarter of 2022. Average DOE fuel prices were $3.94 per gallon for the second quarter of 2023 and $5.53 per gallon for the second quarter of 2022.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $91.6 million decrease in consolidated fuel expense for the first half is due to a decrease in total miles driven by company driving associates as well as lower average DOE fuel prices for the first half of 2023 as compared to the second quarter of 2022. Average DOE fuel prices were $4.16 per gallon for the first half of 2023 and $4.95 per gallon for the first half of 2022.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Operations and maintenance$101,380 $106,724 $200,691 $202,607 (5.0  %)(0.9  %)
% of total revenue6.5 %5.4 %6.3 %5.3 %110  bps100  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge7.3 %6.3 %7.1 %6.1 %100  bps100  bps
Operations and maintenance expense consists of direct operating expenses, such as driving associate hiring and recruiting expenses, equipment maintenance, and tire expense. Operations and maintenance expenses are typically affected by the age of our company-owned fleet of tractors and trailers and the miles driven. We expect the driver market to remain competitive throughout 2023, which could increase future driving associate development and recruiting costs and negatively affect our operations and maintenance expense. We expect to continue refreshing our tractor and trailer fleet in the coming quarters, subject to availability of new revenue equipment, to maintain the average age of our equipment.
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Operations and maintenance expense decreased $5.3 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $1.9 million for the first half of 2023 as compared to the same periods last year. The decrease was attributed to lower hiring and labor expense as well as lower road expense due to the decrease in total company miles discussed above. This was partially offset by higher maintenance expenses due to the reintegration of leased assets into our fleet.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Insurance and claims$137,306 $102,084 $275,345 $200,276 34.5  %37.5  %
% of total revenue8.8 %5.2 %8.6 %5.3 %360  bps330  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge9.9 %6.0 %9.7 %6.0 %390  bps370  bps
Insurance and claims expense consists of premiums for liability, physical damage, and cargo, and will vary based upon the frequency and severity of claims, our level of self-insurance, and premium expense. In recent years, insurance carriers have raised premiums for many businesses, including transportation companies, and as a result, our insurance and claims expense could increase in the future, or we could raise our self-insured retention limits or reduce excess coverage limits when our policies are renewed or replaced. In addition, our Iron Insurance line of business offers insurance products to third-party carriers, earning additional premium revenues, which are partially offset by increased insurance reserves, but does increase our exposure to claims and inability to collect premiums. Insurance and claims expense also varies based on the number of miles driven by company driving associates and independent contractors, the frequency and severity of accidents, trends in development factors used in actuarial accruals, and developments in large, prior-year claims. In future periods, our higher self-insured retention limits, lower excess coverage limits, and exposure through Iron Insurance may cause increased volatility in our consolidated insurance and claims expense.
Consolidated insurance and claims expense increased by $35.2 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $75.1 million for the first half of 2023, as compared to the same periods last year. The increase was predominately due to increased frequency and unfavorable claim development during the periods within our Iron Insurance line of business as well as negative developments within our self-insured retention limits.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Operating taxes and licenses$28,332 $30,204 $54,222 $59,241 (6.2  %)(8.5  %)
% of total revenue1.8 %1.5 %1.7 %1.6 %30  bps10  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge2.0 %1.8 %1.9 %1.8 %20  bps10  bps
Operating taxes and licenses include state franchise taxes, state and federal highway use taxes, property taxes, vehicle license and registration fees, and fuel and mileage taxes, among others. The expense is impacted by changes in the tax rates and registration fees associated with our tractor fleet and regional operating facilities.
Operating taxes and licenses expenses decreased by $1.9 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $5.0 million for the first half of 2023 but remained relatively flat as a percentage of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge, as compared to the same periods last year.
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Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Communications$6,184 $5,744 $11,933 $11,614 7.7  %2.7  %
% of total revenue0.4 %0.3 %0.4 %0.3 %10  bps10  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge0.4 %0.3 %0.4 %0.3 %10  bps10  bps
Communications expense is comprised of costs associated with our tractor and trailer tracking systems, information technology systems, and phone systems.
Communications expense increased $0.4 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $0.3 million or the first half of 2023 but remained relatively flat as a percentage of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge, as compared to the same periods last year.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment$156,381 $147,482 $312,347 $292,526 6.0  %6.8  %
% of total revenue10.1 %7.5 %9.8 %7.7 %260  bps210  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge11.2 %8.7 %11.0 %8.8 %250  bps220  bps
Depreciation relates primarily to our owned tractors, trailers, buildings, electronic logging devices, other communication units, and other similar assets. Changes to this fixed cost are generally attributed to increases or decreases to company-owned equipment, the relative percentage of owned versus leased equipment, and fluctuations in new equipment purchase prices. Depreciation can also be affected by the cost of used equipment that we sell or trade and the replacement of older used equipment. Management periodically reviews the condition, average age, and reasonableness of estimated useful lives and salvage values of our equipment and considers such factors in light of our experience with similar assets, used equipment market conditions, and prevailing industry practices.
Consolidated depreciation and amortization of property and equipment increased by $8.9 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $19.8 million for the first half of 2023, as compared to the same periods last year. This increase was related to an increase in owned versus leased equipment and higher depreciation for capital improvements made to our terminals.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Amortization of intangibles$16,505 $16,215 $32,688 $32,381 1.8  %0.9  %
% of total revenue1.1 %0.8 %1.0 %0.9 %30  bps10  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge1.2 %1.0 %1.2 %1.0 %20  bps20  bps
Amortization of intangibles relates to intangible assets identified with the 2017 Merger and various acquisitions. See Note 3 in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report for more details regarding details of our acquisitions.
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Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Rental expense$16,073 $13,492 $31,141 $26,893 19.1  %15.8  %
% of total revenue1.0 %0.7 %1.0 %0.7 %30  bps30  bps
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge1.2 %0.8 %1.1 %0.8 %40  bps30  bps
Rental expense consists primarily of payments for our terminals and other real estate leases and, to a lesser extent, payments for revenue equipment from operating leases. The primary factors affecting the expense are the size and location of our leased properties.
Consolidated rental expense increased $2.6 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $4.2 million for the first half of 2023, as compared to the same periods last year. The increase is primarily related to the incorporation of new facilities as we expand our network and was partially offset by a decrease in the rental expense for revenue equipment. We anticipate that rent expense as a percentage of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge, will increase over the remainder of 2023 as we incorporate equipment from U.S. Xpress's lease portfolio into our fleet.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Purchased transportation$258,259 $384,910 $538,988 $771,356 (32.9  %)(30.1  %)
% of total revenue16.6 %19.6 %16.9 %20.4 %(300  bps)(350  bps)
% of revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge18.6 %22.7 %19.0 %23.1 %(410  bps)(410  bps)
Purchased transportation expense is comprised of payments to independent contractors in our trucking operations, as well as payments to third-party capacity providers related to logistics, freight management, and non-trucking services in our logistics and intermodal businesses. Purchased transportation is generally affected by capacity in the market as well as changes in fuel prices. As capacity tightens, our payments to third-party capacity providers and to independent contractors tend to increase. Additionally, as fuel prices increase, payments to third-party capacity providers and independent contractors increase.
Consolidated purchased transportation expense decreased by $126.7 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $232.4 million for the first half of 2023, as compared to the same periods last year, primarily due to decreased load volume within our logistics business and lower miles driven by independent contractors, partially offset by increased intermodal load volume.
We expect that consolidated purchased transportation will increase as a percentage of revenue if we grow our logistics and intermodal businesses faster than our full truckload and LTL businesses. The increase could be partially offset if independent contractors exit the market due to regulatory changes.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Impairments$— $— $— $810 —  %(100.0  %)
In 2022, we incurred impairment charges associated with building improvements (within our non-reportable segments).
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Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Miscellaneous operating expenses$36,992 $21,396 $67,701 $32,905 72.9  %105.7  %
Miscellaneous operating expenses primarily consist of legal and professional services fees, general and administrative expenses, other costs, as well as net gain on sales of equipment.
Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $15.6 million increase in net consolidated miscellaneous operating expenses is primarily due to a $8.7 million decrease in gain on sales of equipment and $5.3 million in transaction fees related to the acquisition of U.S. Xpress.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $34.8 million increase in net consolidated miscellaneous operating expenses is primarily due to a $22.6 million decrease in gain on sales of equipment and $6.9 million in transaction fees related to the acquisition of U.S. Xpress.
Consolidated Other Expenses (Income)
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
QTD 2023 vs.
YTD 2023 vs.
2023202220232022
QTD 2022
YTD 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease)
Interest expense$24,354 $9,345 $47,445 $16,025 160.6 %196.1 %
Other (income) expenses, net(9,679)25,576 (19,382)39,981 (137.8 %)(148.5 %)
Income tax expense21,959 72,090 54,694 141,264 (69.5 %)(61.3 %)
Interest expense — Interest expense is comprised of debt and finance lease interest expense as well as amortization of deferred loan costs. The increase in interest expense during the second quarter and the first half of 2023 was primarily due to higher interest rates. We expect interest expense to increase by approximately $20.0 million in the second half of 2023 as compared to the first half, reflecting approximately $800.0 million of additional debt for the U.S. Xpress acquisition and assuming the Federal Reserve rate hiking cycle is nearly completed. Additional details regarding our debt are discussed in Note 6 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.
Other (income) expenses, net — Other (income) expenses, net is primarily comprised of losses and (gains) from our various equity investments, including our investment in Embark, as well as certain other non-operating income and expense items that may arise outside of the normal course of business.
Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $35.3 million increase in other (income) expenses, net is primarily driven by an unrealized loss on our investment in Embark recorded in the second quarter of 2022 and a net gain recorded within our portfolio of investments during the second quarter of 2023.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $59.4 million increase in other (income) expenses, net is primarily driven by an unrealized loss on our investment in Embark recorded in the first half of 2022 and a net gain recorded within our portfolio of investments during the first half of 2023.
Income tax expense — In addition to the discussion below, Note 4 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report provides further analysis related to income taxes.
Comparison Between the Quarters Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $50.1 million decrease in consolidated income tax expense was primarily due to a reduction of pre-tax income. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 25.9% for the second quarter of 2023, and 24.7% for the second quarter of 2022.
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $86.6 million decrease in consolidated income tax expense was primarily due to a reduction of pre-tax income. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 24.7% for the first half of 2023, and 24.8% for the first half of 2022.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The terms "Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift," "Adjusted EPS," "Adjusted Operating Income," "Adjusted Operating Ratio," and "Free Cash Flow," as we define them, are not presented in accordance with GAAP. These financial measures supplement our GAAP results in evaluating certain aspects of our business. We believe that using these measures improves comparability in analyzing our performance because they remove the impact of items from our operating results that, in our opinion, do not reflect our core operating performance. Management and the Board focus on Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift, Adjusted EPS, Adjusted Operating Income, and Adjusted Operating Ratio as key measures of our performance, all of which are reconciled to the most comparable GAAP financial measures and further discussed below. Management and the Board use Free Cash Flow as a key measure of our liquidity. Free Cash Flow does not represent residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. We believe our presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is useful because it provides investors and securities analysts the same information that we use internally for purposes of assessing our core operating performance.
Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift, Adjusted EPS, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Ratio, and Free Cash Flow are not substitutes for their comparable GAAP financial measures, such as net income, cash flows from operating activities, operating income, or other measures prescribed by GAAP. There are limitations to using non-GAAP financial measures. Although we believe that they improve comparability in analyzing our period to period performance, they could limit comparability to other companies in our industry if those companies define these measures differently. Because of these limitations, our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered measures of income generated by our business or discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. Management compensates for these limitations by primarily relying on GAAP results and using non-GAAP financial measures on a supplemental basis.
Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation G, the following tables reconcile GAAP consolidated net income attributable to Knight-Swift to non-GAAP consolidated Adjusted Net Income attributable to Knight-Swift, GAAP consolidated earnings per diluted share to non-GAAP consolidated Adjusted EPS, GAAP consolidated operating ratio to non-GAAP consolidated Adjusted Operating Ratio, GAAP reportable segment operating income to non-GAAP reportable segment Adjusted Operating Income, GAAP reportable segment operating ratio to non-GAAP reportable segment Adjusted Operating Ratio, and GAAP cash flow from operations to non-GAAP Free Cash Flow.

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Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift and Adjusted EPS
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
(In thousands)
GAAP: Net income attributable to Knight-Swift$63,326 $219,492 $167,610 $427,829 
Adjusted for:
Income tax expense attributable to Knight-Swift21,959 72,090 54,694 141,264 
Income before income taxes attributable to Knight-Swift85,285 291,582 222,304 569,093 
Amortization of intangibles 1
16,505 16,215 32,688 32,381 
Impairments 2
— — — 810 
Legal accruals 3
1,300 (2,000)1,000 3,055 
Transaction fees 4
5,332 — 6,868 — 
Severance expense 5
— — 1,452 — 
Change in fair value of deferred earnout 6
(2,500)— (2,500)— 
Adjusted income before income taxes 105,922 305,797 261,812 605,339 
Provision for income tax expense at effective rate(27,304)(75,608)(64,703)(150,287)
Non-GAAP: Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift$78,618 $230,189 $197,109 $455,052 
Note: Since the numbers reflected in the table below are calculated on a per share basis, they may not foot due to rounding.
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
GAAP: Earnings per diluted share$0.39 $1.35 $1.04 $2.60 
Adjusted for:
Income tax expense attributable to Knight-Swift0.14 0.44 0.34 0.86 
Income before income taxes attributable to Knight-Swift0.53 1.79 1.37 3.45 
Amortization of intangibles 1
0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 
Impairments 2
— — — — 
Legal accruals 3
0.01 (0.01)0.01 0.02 
Transaction fees 4
0.03 — 0.04 — 
Severance expense 5
— — 0.01 — 
Change in fair value of deferred earnout 6
(0.02)— (0.02)— 
Adjusted income before income taxes 0.65 1.87 1.62 3.67 
Provision for income tax expense at effective rate
(0.17)(0.46)(0.40)(0.91)
Non-GAAP: Adjusted EPS$0.49 $1.41 $1.22 $2.76 
1    "Amortization of intangibles" reflects the non-cash amortization expense relating to intangible assets identified in the 2017 Merger, the ACT Acquisition, and other acquisitions. Refer to Note 3 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for additional details regarding our acquisitions.
2    "Impairments" reflects the non-cash impairment of building improvements (within our non-reportable segments).
3    "Legal accruals" are included in "Miscellaneous operating expenses" in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and reflect the following:
•Second quarter 2023 legal accrual reflects the increased estimated exposure for an accrued legal matter based on a recent settlement agreement. First quarter 2023 legal accrual reflects a decrease in the estimated exposure related to an accrued legal matter previously identified as probable and estimable in prior periods based on a recent settlement agreement.
•During the second quarter of 2022, the company decreased the estimated exposure related to an accrued legal matter previously identified as probable and estimable in prior periods based on a recent settlement agreement.
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4    "Transaction fees" consists of legal and professional fees associated with the July 1, 2023 acquisition of U.S. Xpress. The transaction fees are included within "Miscellaneous operating expenses" in the condensed statements of comprehensive income.
5    "Severance expense" is included within "Salaries, wages, and benefits" in the condensed statements of comprehensive income.
6    "Change in fair value of deferred earnout" reflects the expense for the change in fair value of a deferred earnout related to the acquisition of UTXL, which is recorded in "Miscellaneous operating expenses."
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Ratio
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
GAAP Presentation(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$1,552,979 $1,961,131 $3,189,911 $3,788,120 
Total operating expenses(1,458,949)(1,635,353)(2,951,094)(3,164,256)
Operating income$94,030 $325,778 $238,817 $623,864 
Operating ratio93.9 %83.4 %92.5 %83.5 %
Non-GAAP Presentation
Total revenue$1,552,979 $1,961,131 $3,189,911 $3,788,120 
Truckload and LTL fuel surcharge(162,531)(266,600)(349,170)(445,711)
Revenue, excluding truckload and LTL fuel surcharge1,390,448 1,694,531 2,840,741 3,342,409 
Total operating expenses1,458,949 1,635,353 2,951,094 3,164,256 
Adjusted for:
Truckload and LTL fuel surcharge(162,531)(266,600)(349,170)(445,711)
Amortization of intangibles 1
(16,505)(16,215)(32,688)(32,381)
Impairments 2
— — — (810)
Legal accruals 3
(1,300)2,000 (1,000)(3,055)
Transaction fees 4
(5,332)— (6,868)— 
Severance expense 5
— — (1,452)— 
Change in fair value of deferred earnout 6
2,500 2,500 
Adjusted Operating Expenses1,275,781 1,354,538 2,562,416 2,682,299 
Adjusted Operating Income$114,667 $339,993 $278,325 $660,110 
Adjusted Operating Ratio91.8 %79.9 %90.2 %80.3 %
1    See Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift and Adjusted EPS footnote 1.
2    See Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift and Adjusted EPS footnote 2.
3    See Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift and Adjusted EPS footnote 3.
4    See Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift and Adjusted EPS footnote 4.
5    See Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift and Adjusted EPS footnote 5.
6    See Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Consolidated Adjusted Net Income Attributable to Knight-Swift and Adjusted EPS footnote 6.


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Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Reportable Segment Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Ratio
Truckload Segment
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
GAAP Presentation(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$953,659 $1,188,809 $1,965,904 $2,269,340 
Total operating expenses(885,748)(982,513)(1,782,094)(1,857,927)
Operating income$67,911 $206,296 $183,810 $411,413 
Operating ratio92.9 %82.6 %90.7 %81.9 %
Non-GAAP Presentation
Total revenue$953,659 $1,188,809 $1,965,904 $2,269,340 
Fuel surcharge(124,004)(206,931)(269,268)(345,592)
Intersegment transactions(282)(399)(1,283)(735)
Revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions829,373 981,479 1,695,353 1,923,013 
Total operating expenses885,748 982,513 1,782,094 1,857,927 
Adjusted for:
Fuel surcharge(124,004)(206,931)(269,268)(345,592)
Intersegment transactions(282)(399)(1,283)(735)
Amortization of intangibles 1
(299)(323)(642)(647)
Adjusted Operating Expenses761,163 774,860 1,510,901 1,510,953 
Adjusted Operating Income$68,210 $206,619 $184,452 $412,060 
Adjusted Operating Ratio91.8 %78.9 %89.1 %78.6 %
1    "Amortization of intangibles" reflects the non-cash amortization expense relating to intangible assets identified in historical Knight acquisitions.

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LTL Segment
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
GAAP Presentation(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$267,105 $283,847 $522,409 $538,972 
Total operating expenses(236,867)(240,080)(465,589)(468,828)
Operating income$30,238 $43,767 $56,820 $70,144 
Operating ratio88.7 %84.6 %89.1 %87.0 %
Non-GAAP Presentation
Total revenue$267,105 $283,847 $522,409 $538,972 
Fuel surcharge(38,527)(59,669)(79,902)(100,119)
Revenue, excluding fuel surcharge and intersegment transactions228,578 224,178 442,507 438,853 
Total operating expenses236,867 240,080 465,589 468,828 
Adjusted for:
Fuel surcharge(38,527)(59,669)(79,902)(100,119)
Amortization of intangibles 1
(3,920)(3,995)(7,840)(7,940)
Adjusted Operating Expenses194,420 176,416 377,847 360,769 
Adjusted Operating Income$34,158 $47,762 $64,660 $78,084 
Adjusted Operating Ratio85.1 %78.7 %85.4 %82.2 %
1"Amortization of intangibles" reflects the non-cash amortization expense relating to intangible assets identified with the ACT and MME acquisitions.
Logistics Segment
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
GAAP Presentation(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$119,943 $248,662 $258,226 $530,701 
Total operating expenses(110,377)(204,913)(235,840)(447,351)
Operating income$9,566 $43,749 $22,386 $83,350 
Operating ratio92.0 %82.4 %91.3 %84.3 %
Non-GAAP Presentation
Total revenue$119,943 $248,662 $258,226 $530,701 
Intersegment transactions(2,161)(1,343)(3,667)(3,211)
Revenue, excluding intersegment transactions117,782 247,319 254,559 527,490 
Total operating expenses110,377 204,913 235,840 447,351 
Adjusted for:
Intersegment transactions(2,161)(1,343)(3,667)(3,211)
Amortization of intangibles 1
(334)(334)(668)(668)
Adjusted Operating Expenses107,882 203,236 231,505 443,472 
Adjusted Operating Income$9,900 $44,083 $23,054 $84,018 
Adjusted Operating Ratio91.6 %82.2 %90.9 %84.1 %
1"Amortization of intangibles" reflects the non-cash amortization expense relating to intangible assets identified in the UTXL acquisition.
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Intermodal Segment
Quarter-to-Date June 30,Year-to-Date June 30,
2023202220232022
GAAP Presentation(Dollars in thousands)
Total revenue$104,327 $132,871 $214,899 $242,093 
Total operating expenses(110,959)(118,699)(216,429)(212,751)
Operating income$(6,632)$14,172 $(1,530)$29,342 
Operating ratio106.4 %89.3 %100.7 %87.9 %
Non-GAAP Presentation
Total revenue$104,327 $132,871 $214,899 $242,093 
Intersegment transactions— (17)— (47)
Revenue, excluding intersegment transactions104,327 132,854 214,899 242,046 
Total operating expenses110,959 118,699 216,429 212,751 
Adjusted for:
Intersegment transactions— (17)— (47)
Adjusted Operating Expenses110,959 118,682 216,429 212,704 
Adjusted Operating Income$(6,632)$14,172 $(1,530)$29,342 
Adjusted Operating Ratio106.4 %89.3 %100.7 %87.9 %
Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Free Cash Flow
Year-to-Date June 30, 2023
GAAP: Cash flows from operations$722,190 
Adjusted for:
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment, including assets held for sale98,755 
Purchases of property and equipment(517,856)
Non-GAAP: Free Cash Flow$303,089 
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
Our primary sources of liquidity are funds provided by operations and the following:
SourceJune 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash$228,957 
Availability under 2021 Revolver, due September 2026 1
878,760 
Availability under 2022 RSA, due April 2024 2
42,000 
Total unrestricted liquidity$1,149,717 
Cash and cash equivalents – restricted 3
699,212 
Restricted investments, held-to-maturity, amortized cost 3
3,082 
Total liquidity, including restricted cash and restricted investments$1,852,011 
1    As of June 30, 2023, we had $210.0 million borrowings under our $1.1 billion 2021 Revolver. We additionally had $11.2 million in outstanding letters of credit (discussed below) issued under the 2021 Revolver, leaving $878.8 million available under the 2021Revolver.
2    Based on eligible receivables at June 30, 2023, our borrowing base for the 2022 RSA was $381.0 million, while outstanding borrowings were $339.0 million, leaving $42.0 million available under the 2022 RSA. Refer to Note 5 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information regarding the 2022 RSA.
3    Restricted cash and restricted investments includes $444.7 million restricted for our acquisition of U.S. Xpress with the remaining amount primarily held by our captive insurance companies for claims payments. "Cash and cash equivalents – restricted" consists of $444.7 million included in "Acquisition escrow" on the condensed consolidated balance sheet held for the U.S. Xpress acquisition and $251.4 million included in "Cash and cash equivalents – restricted" on the condensed consolidated balance sheet held by Mohave and Red Rock for claims payments. The remaining $3.1 million is included in "Other long-term assets" and is held in escrow accounts to meet statutory requirements.
Uses of Liquidity
Our business requires substantial amounts of cash for operating activities, including salaries and wages paid to our employees, contract payments to independent contractors, insurance and claims payments, tax payments, and others. We also use large amounts of cash and credit for the following activities:
Capital Expenditures — When justified by customer demand, as well as our liquidity and our ability to generate acceptable returns, we make substantial cash capital expenditures to maintain a modern company tractor fleet, refresh and expand our trailer fleet, expand our network of LTL service centers, and, to a lesser extent, fund upgrades to our terminals and technology in our various service offerings. In connection with our business strategy, we regularly evaluate acquisition and strategic partnership opportunities. We expect net cash capital expenditures, will be in the range of $700.0 – $750.0 million for full-year 2023, which has been updated from $640.0 million to $690.0 million to include anticipated expenditures for U.S. Xpress. This range excludes cash outlays for potential acquisitions. We believe we have ample flexibility in our trade cycle and purchase agreements to alter our current plans if economic and other conditions warrant.
Over the long-term, we will continue to have significant capital requirements, which may require us to seek additional borrowing, lease financing, or equity capital. The availability of financing or equity capital will depend upon our financial condition and results of operations as well as prevailing market conditions. If such additional borrowing, lease financing, or equity capital is not available at the time we need it, then we may need to borrow more under the 2021 Revolver (if not then fully drawn), extend the maturity of then-outstanding debt, rely on alternative financing arrangements, engage in asset sales, limit our fleet size, or operate our revenue equipment for longer periods.
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There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional debt under our existing financial arrangements to satisfy our ongoing capital requirements. However, we believe the combination of our expected cash flows, financing available through operating and finance leases, available funds under our accounts receivable securitization, and availability under the 2021 Revolver will be sufficient to fund our expected capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months.
Principal and Interest Payments — As of June 30, 2023, we had debt, accounts receivable securitization, and finance lease obligations of $2.2 billion, which are discussed under "Material Debt Agreements," below. Certain cash flows from operations are committed to minimum payments of principal and interest on our debt and lease obligations. Additionally, when our financial position allows, we periodically make voluntary prepayments on our outstanding debt balances.
Letters of Credit — Pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Debt Agreement and the 2022 RSA, our lenders may issue standby letters of credit on our behalf. When we have certain letters of credit outstanding, the availability under the 2021 Revolver or 2022 RSA is reduced accordingly. As of June 30, 2023, we also had outstanding letters of credit of $245.8 million pursuant to a bilateral agreement which do not impact the availability of the 2021 Revolver and 2022 RSA. Standby letters of credit are typically issued for the benefit of regulatory authorities, insurance companies and state departments of insurance for the purpose of satisfying certain collateral requirements, primarily related to our automobile, workers' compensation, and general insurance liabilities.
Share Repurchases — From time to time, and depending on Free Cash Flow1 availability, debt levels, common stock prices, general economic and market conditions, as well as internal approval requirements, we may repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $200.0 million remaining under the 2022 Knight-Swift Share Repurchase Plan. Additional details regarding our share repurchase plans are discussed in Note 10 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.
Working Capital
We had a working capital surplus of $939.7 million as of June 30, 2023 and $599.6 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in our working capital surplus is primarily due to the $444.7 million acquisition escrow related to the U.S. Xpress acquisition.
Material Debt Agreements
As of June 30, 2023, we had $2.2 billion in material debt obligations at the following carrying values:
•$199.8 million: 2021 Term Loan A-2, due September 2024, net of $0.2 million in deferred loan costs
•$798.9 million: 2021 Term Loan A-3, due September 2026, net of $1.1 million in deferred loan costs
•$249.0 million: 2023 Term Loan, due September 2026, net of $1.0 million in deferred loan costs
•$338.6 million: 2022 RSA outstanding borrowings, net of $0.4 million in deferred loan costs
•$393.6 million: Finance lease obligations
•$210.0 million: 2021 Revolver, due September 2026
•$30.2 million: Other, net of approximately $36,000 in deferred loan costs
As of December 31, 2022, we had $1.9 billion in material debt obligations at the following carrying values:
•$199.8 million: 2021 Term Loan A-2, due September 2024, net of $0.2 million in deferred loan costs
•$798.7 million: 2021 Term Loan A-3, due September 2026, net of $1.3 million in deferred loan costs
•$418.6 million: 2022 RSA outstanding borrowings, net of $0.4 million in deferred loan costs
•$403.0 million: Finance lease obligations
•$43.0 million: 2021 Revolver, due September 2026
•$39.0 million: Other, net of $0.1 million in deferred loan costs
________
1Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
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Cash Flow Analysis
Year-to-Date June 30,Change
 20232022
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$722,190 $719,984 $2,206 
Net cash used in investing activities(415,990)(204,306)(211,684)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities236,624 (552,361)788,985 
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $2.2 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities included a $385.0 million decrease in operating income for year-to-date June 30, 2023, and a $31.8 million increase in cash paid for interest and was partially offset by a $137.9 million decrease in cash paid for taxes and a $230.2 million decrease in our trade receivables balances resulting in higher cash receipts. Note: Factors affecting the increase in operating income are discussed in "Results of Operations — Consolidated Operating and Other Expenses."
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — The $211.7 million increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a $227.8 million increase in net cash capital expenditures.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
Comparison Between Year-to-Date June 30, 2023 and 2022 — Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities increased by $789.0 million, primarily due to $250.0 million in proceeds from the 2023 Term Loan, $298.0 million in net proceeds from our 2021 Revolver, and a $299.9 million decrease in repurchases of our common stock. This was partially offset by in $80.0 million net repayments on our 2021 RSA.
Seasonality
Discussion regarding the impact of seasonality on our business is included in Note 1 in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, incorporated by reference herein.
Inflation
Most of our operating expenses are inflation-sensitive, with inflation generally leading to increased costs of operations. Price increases in manufacturer revenue equipment has impacted the cost for us to acquire new equipment. Cost increases have also impacted the cost of parts for equipment repairs and maintenance. The qualified driver shortage experienced by the trucking industry overall has had the effect of increasing compensation paid to our driving associates. We have also experienced inflation in insurance and claims cost related to health insurance and claims as well as auto liability insurance and claims. Prolonged periods of inflation have recently and could continue to cause interest rates, fuel, wages, and other costs to increase as well. Any of these factors could adversely affect our results of operations unless freight rates correspondingly increase.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, which is incorporated herein by reference, for the impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
We have exposure from variable interest rates, primarily related to our 2021 Debt Agreement, 2023 Term Loan, and 2022 RSA. These variable interest rates are impacted by changes in short-term interest rates. We primarily manage interest rate exposure through a mix of variable rate debt (weighted average rate of 6.2% as of June 30, 2023) and fixed rate equipment lease financing. Assuming the level of borrowings as of June 30, 2023, a hypothetical one percentage point increase in interest rates would increase our annual interest expense by $18.3 million.
Commodity Price Risk
We have commodity exposure with respect to fuel used in company-owned tractors. Increases in fuel prices would continue to raise our operating costs, even after applying fuel surcharge revenue. Historically, we have been able to recover a majority of fuel price increases from our customers in the form of fuel surcharges. The weekly average diesel price per gallon in the US decreased to $3.94 for the second quarter of 2023 from an average of $5.53 in the second quarter of 2022. The weekly average diesel price per gallon decreased to $4.16 for year-to-date June 30, 2023 from an average price of $4.95 for year-to-date June 30, 2022. We cannot predict the extent or speed of potential changes in fuel price levels in the future, the degree to which the lag effect of our fuel surcharge programs will impact us as a result of the timing and magnitude of such changes, or the extent to which effective fuel surcharges can be maintained and collected to offset such increases. We generally have not used derivative financial instruments to hedge our fuel price exposure in the past, but continue to evaluate this possibility. To mitigate the impact of rising fuel costs, we contract with some of our fuel suppliers to buy fuel at a fixed price or within banded pricing for a specified period, usually not exceeding twelve months. However, these purchase commitments only cover a small portion of our fuel consumption. Accordingly, fuel price fluctuations may still negatively impact us.

ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) to ensure that material information relating to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and the Board. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We base our internal control over financial reporting on the criteria set forth in the 2013 COSO Internal Control: Integrated Framework.
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We have confidence in our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors, misstatements, or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information about our legal proceedings is included in Note 9 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2023, and is incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
While we attempt to identify, manage, and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Our 2022 Annual Report and our Quarterly Report for the quarter period ended March 31, 2023 in the sections entitled "Item 1A. Risk Factors," describe some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business.
ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 1
(in thousands, except per share data)
April 1, 2023 to April 30, 2023— $— — $200,041 
May 1, 2023 to May 31, 2023— $— — $200,041 
June 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023— $— — $200,041 
Total— $— — $200,041 
1On April 25, 2022, we announced that the Board had approved the $350.0 million 2022 Knight-Swift Share Repurchase Plan, replacing the 2020 Knight-Swift Share Repurchase Plan. There is no expiration date associated with the 2022 Knight-Swift Share Repurchase Plan. See Note 10 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report regarding our share repurchase plans.
ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, no director or officer adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.
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ITEM 6.EXHIBITS
Exhibit 
Number		DescriptionPage or Method of Filing
3.1
3.2
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INS
Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentFiled herewith
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase DocumentFiled herewith
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase DocumentFiled herewith
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase DocumentFiled herewith
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition DocumentFiled herewith
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)Filed herewith






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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
 KNIGHT-SWIFT TRANSPORTATION HOLDINGS INC.
Date: August 2, 2023 /s/ David A. Jackson
 David A. Jackson
 Chief Executive Officer and President, in his capacity as
 such and on behalf of the registrant
Date: August 2, 2023 /s/ Adam W. Miller
 Adam W. Miller
 Chief Financial Officer, in his capacity as such and on
 behalf of the registrant
59

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