Live Nation - 10-Q quarterly report FY

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________

Form 10-Q

____________________________________



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-32601

____________________________________

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________



Delaware		20-3247759
(State of Incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9348 Civic Center Drive

Beverly Hills, CA 90210

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(310) 867-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

____________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨

Non-accelerated filer	¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging growth company	¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No

On July 19, 2018, there were 209,059,875 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, including 1,576,829 shares of unvested restricted stock awards and excluding 408,024 shares held in treasury.

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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q



		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	2
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	38
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	39
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	39
Item 5.	Other Information	39
Item 6.	Exhibits	39

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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS



AOCI	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
AOI	Adjusted operating income (loss)
Company	Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and subsidiaries
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
GAAP	United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Live Nation	Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and subsidiaries
SEC	United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Ticketmaster	The ticketing business of the Company

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)



	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(in thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,293,264		$	1,825,322
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $32,245 and $32,755, respectively	949,422			725,304
Prepaid expenses	953,966			546,713
Restricted cash	7,049			3,500
Other current assets	59,655			51,903
Total current assets	4,263,356			3,152,742
Property, plant and equipment
Land, buildings and improvements	961,655			955,937
Computer equipment and capitalized software	703,004			610,924
Furniture and other equipment	318,336			312,962
Construction in progress	97,327			133,906
	2,080,322			2,013,729
Less accumulated depreciation	1,189,883			1,127,793
	890,439			885,936
Intangible assets
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	736,888			729,265
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	368,960			369,023
Goodwill	1,823,948			1,754,589
Other long-term assets	869,218			612,708
Total assets	$	8,952,809		$	7,504,263
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, client accounts	$	900,386		$	948,637
Accounts payable	134,195			85,666
Accrued expenses	1,180,102			1,109,246
Deferred revenue	1,846,156			925,220
Current portion of long-term debt, net	84,946			347,593
Other current liabilities	60,966			160,638
Total current liabilities	4,206,751			3,577,000
Long-term debt, net	2,743,104			1,952,366
Deferred income taxes	134,974			137,635
Other long-term liabilities	169,266			174,391
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	293,194			244,727
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock	2,079			2,069
Additional paid-in capital	2,337,691			2,374,006
Accumulated deficit	(1,044,019		)	(1,079,472		)
Cost of shares held in treasury	(6,865		)	(6,865		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(125,837		)	(108,542		)
Total Live Nation stockholders’ equity	1,163,049			1,181,196
Noncontrolling interests	242,471			236,948
Total equity	1,405,520			1,418,144
Total liabilities and equity	$	8,952,809		$	7,504,263

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
				(as adjusted)						(as adjusted)
	(in thousands except share and per share data)
Revenue	$	2,868,315		$	2,683,585		$	4,350,699		$	3,926,464
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses	2,135,107			2,022,471			3,067,191			2,797,732
Selling, general and administrative expenses	476,438			434,385			911,049			817,693
Depreciation and amortization	89,785			81,165			177,656			161,697
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	108			115			146			(544		)
Corporate expenses	32,152			32,016			65,962			57,819
Operating income	134,725			113,433			128,695			92,067
Interest expense	35,992			26,878			65,733			52,888
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt	(473		)	1,049			2,470			1,049
Interest income	(2,705		)	(1,031		)	(3,888		)	(1,976		)
Equity in loss (earnings) of nonconsolidated affiliates	313			(536		)	(3,402		)	(2,876		)
Other expense (income), net	6,443			(3,466		)	6,771			(6,308		)
Income before income taxes	95,155			90,539			61,011			49,290
Income tax expense	11,799			9,984			18,683			16,505
Net income	83,356			80,555			42,328			32,785
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	13,997			(923		)	6,875			(15,700		)
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	69,359		$	81,478		$	35,453		$	48,485

Basic net income per common share available to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	0.25		$	0.31		$	0.01		$	0.08
Diluted net income per common share available to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	0.24		$	0.29		$	0.01		$	0.08

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	207,331,781			204,688,374			207,031,642			204,212,281
Diluted	215,105,119			213,879,152			215,075,203			213,119,962


Reconciliation to net income available to common stockholders of Live Nation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	69,359		$	81,478		$	35,453		$	48,485
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests	(17,172		)	(18,837		)	(33,557		)	(31,414		)
Net income available to common stockholders of Live Nation—basic and diluted	$	52,187		$	62,641		$	1,896		$	17,071

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	83,356		$	80,555		$	42,328		$	32,785
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(33,557		)	29,097			(17,295		)	40,493
Other	—			—			—			80
Comprehensive income	49,799			109,652			25,033			73,358
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	13,997			(923		)	6,875			(15,700		)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	35,802		$	110,575		$	18,158		$	89,058

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017
				(as adjusted)
	(in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	42,328		$	32,785
Reconciling items:
Depreciation	85,493			71,713
Amortization	92,163			89,984
Amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances	36,285			34,768
Non-cash compensation expense	22,946			16,101
Other, net	14,992			9,277
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:
Increase in accounts receivable	(229,016		)	(282,075		)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets	(604,699		)	(406,530		)
Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	112,065			377,770
Increase in deferred revenue	947,269			860,916
Net cash provided by operating activities	519,826			804,709
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Advances of notes receivable	(69,346		)	(9,757		)
Collection of notes receivable	14,481			2,762
Investments made in nonconsolidated affiliates	(38,201		)	(18,209		)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(100,641		)	(128,607		)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(93,256		)	(16,619		)
Purchases of intangible assets	(27,620		)	(2,078		)
Other, net	188			568
Net cash used in investing activities	(314,395		)	(171,940		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs	857,121			55,549
Payments on long-term debt	(372,650		)	(74,207		)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(31,143		)	(18,523		)
Purchases and sales of noncontrolling interests, net	(131,093		)	(8,106		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	10,854			32,629
Payments for deferred and contingent consideration	(14,655		)	(14,149		)
Other, net	(3,703		)	2,642
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	314,731			(24,165		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(48,671		)	82,687
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	471,491			691,291
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	1,828,822			1,529,575
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	2,300,313		$	2,220,866

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND OTHER INFORMATION

Preparation of Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, they include all normal and recurring accruals and adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown.

The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018, as amended by the Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on June 29, 2018.

Seasonality

Due to the seasonal nature of shows at outdoor amphitheaters and festivals, which primarily occur from May through October, the Concerts and Sponsorship & Advertising segments experience higher revenue during the second and third quarters. The Ticketing segment’s revenue is impacted by fluctuations in the availability of events for sale to the public, which vary depending upon scheduling by its clients. The Company’s seasonality also results in higher balances in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accrued expenses and deferred revenue at different times in the year. Therefore, the results to date are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Included in the June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 cash and cash equivalents balance is $733.6 million and $769.4 million, respectively, of cash received that includes the face value of tickets sold on behalf of ticketing clients and their share of service charges, which amounts are to be remitted to these clients.

Restricted cash consists of cash held in escrow accounts to fund capital improvements of certain leased or operated venues. The cash is held in these accounts pursuant to the related lease or operating agreement.

Acquisitions

During the first six months of 2018, the Company completed several acquisitions that were accounted for as business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. These acquisitions were not significant either on an individual basis or in the aggregate.

In May 2018, the Company acquired a 50% interest in a festival promotion business located in Brazil that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Income Taxes

Each reporting period, the Company evaluates the realizability of all of its deferred tax assets in each tax jurisdiction. As of June 30, 2018, the Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets in certain jurisdictions due to cumulative pre-tax losses. As a result of the valuation allowances, no tax benefits have been recognized for losses incurred in those tax jurisdictions for the first six months of 2018 and 2017.

Accounting Pronouncements - Recently Adopted

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that superseded nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The new standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the guidance is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB also issued important guidance clarifying certain guidelines of the standard including (1) reframing the indicators in the principal versus agent guidance to focus on evidence that a company is acting as a principal rather than an agent and (2) identifying performance obligations and licensing. The guidance should be applied retrospectively, either to each prior period presented in the financial statements, or only to the most current reporting period presented in the financial statements with a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018, applying it retrospectively to each prior period presented in the

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financial statements. The Company elected to use the consideration at the date of contract completion rather than estimating variable consideration in the comparative reporting periods and also elected not to provide disclosure of the amount and expected timing of recognition for consideration allocated to the remaining performance obligations. Had the Company estimated variable consideration for the comparative periods, it believes it would have resulted in an insignificant shift of revenue recognition between quarters. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact to operating income.

For the Ticketing segment, the Company no longer presents payments to certain third parties as an expense and now reflects these payments as a reduction of revenue. The remaining revenue streams of the Company were not impacted by the new guidance. The table below represents the impact of the adoption to the Company’s consolidated and Ticketing segment’s results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. The impact to the consolidated results of operations includes the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company’s Concerts and Ticketing segments.



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2017							Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Adjusted		As Reported		Adjustment			As Adjusted
	(in thousands)
Consolidated
Revenue	$	2,818,693	$	(135,108	)	$	2,683,585	$	4,231,874	$	(305,410	)	$	3,926,464
Direct operating expenses	$	2,142,874	$	(120,403	)	$	2,022,471	$	3,068,374	$	(270,642	)	$	2,797,732
Depreciation and amortization	$	95,870	$	(14,705	)	$	81,165	$	196,465	$	(34,768	)	$	161,697
Ticketing Segment
Revenue	$	484,579	$	(173,398	)	$	311,181	$	978,289	$	(354,270	)	$	624,019
Direct operating expenses	$	260,925	$	(157,739	)	$	103,186	$	522,728	$	(317,809	)	$	204,919
Depreciation and amortization	$	43,224	$	(15,659	)	$	27,565	$	90,563	$	(36,461	)	$	54,102

See Note 8—Revenue Recognition for further discussion and disclosures required under this guidance.

Other Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued amendments for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. Among other things, the guidance requires equity investments that do not result in consolidation, and which are not accounted for under the equity method, to be measured at fair value with any change in fair value recognized in net income unless the investments do not have readily determinable fair values. The amendments are to be applied through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption with the exception of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which will be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018, and the adoption did not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, in the period in which the transfer occurs. That is a change from current guidance which requires companies to defer the income tax effects of intercompany transfers of assets until the asset has been sold to an outside party or otherwise recognized. The guidance should be applied on a modified retrospective basis. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018, and the adoption did not impact its financial position or results of operations.

In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending total amounts in the statement of cash flows. The guidance should be applied on a retrospective basis to each period presented. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018, and the adoption did not have a material impact on its statements of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance that changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business and should be accounted for as an asset acquisition rather than a business combination. The guidance also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. The guidance should be applied prospectively to any transactions occurring within the period of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018, and is applying it prospectively to acquisitions occurring on or after such date.

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Accounting Pronouncements - Not Yet Adopted

Lease Accounting

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheet as a lease liability and a right-of-use asset, and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within that year, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied on a modified retrospective basis.

To assess the impact of the standard, the Company has dedicated certain of its personnel to lead the implementation effort. These personnel reviewed the amended guidance and subsequent clarifications and attended multiple training sessions in order to understand the potential impact the new standard could have on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The Company has formed a cross-functional steering committee including members from its major divisions. The Company is in the process of implementing third-party lease accounting software to record, analyze and calculate the financial statement and disclosure impacts.

The Company will finalize its conclusions in 2018 and ensure that it can produce the data necessary for the required disclosures along with assessing changes to internal controls and processes that may be required to comply with the new lease accounting and disclosure requirements. The Company will adopt this standard on January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financial position and results of operations.

NOTE 2—LONG-LIVED ASSETS

Definite-lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of definite-lived intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2018:



	Revenue- generating contracts			Client / vendor relationships			Trademarks and naming rights			Technology			Other ⁽¹⁾			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2017:
Gross carrying amount	$	789,363		$	341,449		$	126,331		$	63,666		$	135,231		$	1,456,040
Accumulated amortization	(410,011		)	(186,357		)	(32,681		)	(22,745		)	(74,981		)	(726,775		)
Net	379,352			155,092			93,650			40,921			60,250			729,265
Gross carrying amount:
Acquisitions—current year	6,128			64,321			—			22,433			13,762			106,644
Acquisitions—prior year	(1,977		)	—			—			194			1,700			(83		)
Foreign exchange	(7,723		)	(4,134		)	(884		)	(799		)	(1,934		)	(15,474		)
Other ⁽²⁾	(2,862		)	(3,698		)	—			(1,675		)	(2,306		)	(10,541		)
Net change	(6,434		)	56,489			(884		)	20,153			11,222			80,546
Accumulated amortization:
Amortization	(37,891		)	(26,204		)	(6,261		)	(11,064		)	(10,742		)	(92,162		)
Foreign exchange	3,734			2,688			246			457			1,208			8,333
Other ⁽²⁾	3,162			3,700			16			1,697			2,331			10,906
Net change	(30,995		)	(19,816		)	(5,999		)	(8,910		)	(7,203		)	(72,923		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018:
Gross carrying amount	782,929			397,938			125,447			83,819			146,453			1,536,586
Accumulated amortization	(441,006		)	(206,173		)	(38,680		)	(31,655		)	(82,184		)	(799,698		)
Net	$	341,923		$	191,765		$	86,767		$	52,164		$	64,269		$	736,888

______________

⁽¹⁾Other includes intangible assets for non-compete, venue management and leasehold agreements.

⁽²⁾Other includes netdowns of fully amortized assets.

Included in the current year acquisitions amounts above are definite-lived intangible assets primarily associated with the acquisitions of controlling interests in various concert and festival promotion businesses and artist management businesses that

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are all located in the United States, and the acquisition of certain software assets from a business located in the United States.

The 2018 additions to definite-lived intangible assets from acquisitions have weighted-average lives as follows:



	Weighted- Average Life (years)
Revenue-generating contracts	7
Client/vendor relationships	8
Technology	3
Other	12
All categories	7

Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $46.4 million and $45.4 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $92.2 million and $90.0 million, respectively.

The following table presents the Company’s estimate of amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for definite-lived intangible assets that exist at June 30, 2018:



	(in thousands)
July 1 - December 31, 2018	$	108,750
2019	$	168,845
2020	$	134,507
2021	$	90,962
2022	$	73,004

As acquisitions and dispositions occur in the future and the valuations of intangible assets for recent acquisitions are completed, amortization will vary.

Goodwill

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in each of the Company’s reportable segments for the six months ended June 30, 2018:



	Concerts			Sponsorship & Advertising			Ticketing			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2017:
Goodwill	$	1,015,913		$	401,753		$	761,786		$	2,179,452
Accumulated impairment losses	(424,863		)	—			—			(424,863		)
Net	591,050			401,753			761,786			1,754,589
Acquisitions—current year	22,247			3,890			—			26,137
Acquisitions—prior year	52,752			1,506			—			54,258
Foreign exchange	(5,637		)	(2,857		)	(2,542		)	(11,036		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018:
Goodwill	1,085,275			404,292			759,244			2,248,811
Accumulated impairment losses	(424,863		)	—			—			(424,863		)
Net	$	660,412		$	404,292		$	759,244		$	1,823,948

Included in the current year acquisitions amount above is goodwill associated with the acquisition of a controlling interest in a concert promotion business and the acquisition of a festival and concert promotion business that are both located in the United States.

Included in the prior year acquisitions amount above is a purchase price adjustment recognized in connection with contingent consideration paid during 2018 related to an acquisition that occurred prior to the Company’s adoption of the current FASB guidance for business combinations. Under the previous guidance, which was in place at the time of this acquisition,

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such contingent payments were recognized when it was determinable that the applicable financial targets were met.

The Company is in various stages of finalizing its acquisition accounting for recent acquisitions, which include the use of external valuation consultants, and the completion of this accounting could result in a change to the associated purchase price allocations, including goodwill and its allocation between segments.

NOTE 3—LONG-TERM DEBT

In March 2018, the Company issued $300 million principal amount of 5.625% senior notes due 2026, issued $550 million principal amount of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2023 and amended its senior secured credit facility to reduce the applicable interest rate for the term loan B. Total gross proceeds of $850.0 million from the issuance of the notes were used to repay $246.3 million of the outstanding principal amount of the Company’s 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2019, the related repurchase premium of $90.4 million on these convertible senior notes and accrued interest and fees of $20.8 million, leaving $492.5 million in additional cash available to repurchase the remaining outstanding principal of its 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2019 and for general corporate purposes. The Company recorded a $2.5 million loss on extinguishment of debt related to this refinancing.

Long-term debt, which includes capital leases, at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consists of the following:



	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(in thousands)
Senior Secured Credit Facility:
Term loan A	$	166,250		$	175,750
Term loan B	957,998			962,849
4.875% Senior Notes due 2024	575,000			575,000
5.625% Senior Notes due 2026	300,000			—
5.375% Senior Notes due 2022	250,000			250,000
2.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023	550,000			—
2.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019	28,674			275,000
Other long-term debt	105,926			99,393
Total principal amount	2,933,848			2,337,992
Less unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs	(105,798		)	(38,033		)
Total debt, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs	2,828,050			2,299,959
Less: current portion	84,946			347,593
Total long-term debt, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs	$	2,743,104		$	1,952,366

Future maturities of long-term debt at June 30, 2018 are as follows:



	(in thousands)
July 1 - December 31, 2018	$	74,837
2019	41,503
2020	72,036
2021	121,860
2022	819,119
Thereafter	1,804,493
Total	$	2,933,848

All long-term debt without a stated maturity date is considered current and is reflected as maturing in the earliest period shown in the table above. See Note 4—Fair Value Measurements for discussion of the fair value measurement of the Company’s long-term debt.

5.625% Senior Notes

In March 2018, the Company issued $300 million principal amount of 5.625% senior notes due 2026. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15, beginning September 15, 2018, and the notes will mature on March 15, 2026. The Company may redeem some or all of the notes at any time prior to March 15, 2021 at a

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price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption, plus a ‘make-whole’ premium. The Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes from proceeds of certain equity offerings prior to March 15, 2021, at a price equal to 105.625% of the aggregate principal amount being redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of redemption. In addition, on or after March 15, 2021, the Company may redeem some or all of the notes at any time at redemption prices that start at 104.219% of their principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. The Company must make an offer to redeem the notes at 101% of their aggregate principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date, if it experiences certain defined changes of control.

2.5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023

In March 2018, the Company issued $550 million principal amount of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2023. The notes pay interest semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15, beginning September 15, 2018, at a rate of 2.5% per annum. The notes will mature on March 15, 2023, and may not be redeemed by the Company prior to the maturity date. The notes will be convertible, under certain circumstances, until December 15, 2022, and on or after such date without condition, at an initial conversion rate of 14.7005 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, subject to adjustment, which represents a 54.4% conversion premium based on the last reported sale price for the Company’s common stock of $44.05 on March 19, 2018 prior to issuing the debt. Upon conversion, the notes may be settled in shares of common stock or, at the Company’s election, cash or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. Assuming the Company fully settled the notes in shares, the maximum number of shares that could be issued to satisfy the conversion is currently 8.1 million.

If the Company experiences a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture governing the notes, the holders of the notes may require the Company to purchase for cash all or a portion of their notes, subject to specified exceptions, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

The carrying amount of the equity component of the notes is $64.0 million, which is treated as a debt discount, and the principal amount of the liability component (face value of the notes) is $550 million. As of June 30, 2018, the remaining period for the debt discount was approximately 5 years and the value of the notes, if converted and fully settled in shares, did not exceed the principal amount of the notes. As of June 30, 2018, the effective interest rate on the liability component of the notes was 5.7%. The following table summarizes the amount of pre-tax interest cost recognized on the notes:



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018		Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	(in thousands)
Interest cost recognized relating to:
Contractual interest coupon	$	3,438	$	3,896
Amortization of debt discount	2,954		2,954
Amortization of debt issuance costs	534		534
Total interest cost recognized on the notes	$	6,926	$	7,384

2.5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2019

As noted above, in 2018, the Company acquired in private repurchase transactions and subsequently retired $246.3 million of the outstanding principal amount of its 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2019 for $336.7 million plus fees and accrued interest. The fair value of the equity component of the notes prior to repurchase was calculated assuming a 4.87% non-convertible borrowing rate resulting in $92.6 million of the total repurchase price being recorded to additional paid-in capital. The Company currently expects to repurchase the remaining outstanding principal amount of the notes in the near future.

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NOTE 4—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table shows the fair value of the Company’s significant financial assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis, which are classified on the balance sheets as cash and cash equivalents:



	Fair Value Measurements at
	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	Level 1
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	204,401	$	58,063

The Company has cash equivalents which consist of money market funds. Fair values for cash equivalents are based on quoted prices in an active market which are considered to be Level 1 inputs as defined in the FASB guidance.

The Company’s outstanding debt held by third-party financial institutions is carried at cost, adjusted for any discounts or debt issuance costs. The Company’s debt is not publicly traded and the carrying amounts typically approximate fair value for debt that accrues interest at a variable rate, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs as defined in the FASB guidance. The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Company’s senior notes and convertible senior notes:



	Estimated Fair Value at
	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	Level 2
	(in thousands)
4.875% Senior Notes due 2024	$	557,049	$	592,325
5.625% Senior Notes due 2026	$	299,469	$	—
5.375% Senior Notes due 2022	$	255,415	$	259,233
2.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023	$	576,813	$	—
2.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019	$	40,860	$	310,635

The estimated fair value of the Company’s third-party, fixed-rate debt is based on quoted market prices in active markets for the same or similar debt, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs. The Company had fixed-rate debt held by noncontrolling interest partners with a face value of $43.0 million and $44.0 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company is unable to determine a fair value for this debt.

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NOTE 5—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

During 2018, the Company has entered into new, or it has exercised options to extend existing, long-term operating leases for office space and venues. These new or extended non-cancelable lease agreements have added future minimum rental commitments of approximately $7.2 million for the remainder of 2018, $14.8 million for 2019, $13.9 million for 2020, $16.6 million for 2021, $16.9 million for 2022 and $179.2 million thereafter. The Company has leases that contain contingent payment requirements for which payments vary depending on revenue, tickets sold or other variables.

During 2018, the Company has entered into new, or it has renewed existing, long-term non-cancelable contracts with various artists and ticketing clients. These new or renewed non-cancelable contracts have added future minimum commitments of approximately $87.4 million for the remainder of 2018, $250.7 million for 2019, $122.8 million for 2020, $153.1 million for 2021, $151.9 million for 2022 and $68.7 million thereafter.

Litigation

Securities Class Action Litigation

In April 2018, a class action lawsuit, captioned Kathryn A. Poser v. Live Nation Entertainment, Inc., et al., was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint asserts claims against the Company and certain individual officers for alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. The plaintiff seeks to represent a proposed class of all persons who acquired the Company’s common stock during the alleged class period of February 23, 2017 through March 30, 2018. The complaint seeks damages allegedly caused by statements and/or omissions pertaining to the Company’s compliance with the terms of its antitrust consent decree with the United States Department of Justice related to its acquisition of Ticketmaster in 2010, as well as its internal controls regarding compliance with the consent decree. The plaintiff claims the alleged misstatements and/or omissions were materially misleading and operated to artificially inflate the price paid for the Company’s common stock during the alleged class period, and seeks unspecified compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees and costs. Based on information presently known, the Company does not believe that a loss is probable of occurring at this time, and believes that the potential liability, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Considerable uncertainty exists regarding the validity of the claims and damages asserted against the Company. As a result, the Company is currently unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss for this matter. The Company intends to vigorously defend this action.

NOTE 6—INCOME TAXES

In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was enacted, which amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses. For businesses, the TCJA reduces the corporate federal tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate. The rate reduction took effect on January 1, 2018. The TCJA enactment caused the Company’s United States deferred tax assets and liabilities to be revalued at December 31, 2017. The international provisions of the TCJA generally establish a territorial-style system for taxing foreign-sourced income of domestic multinational corporations, require companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign-sourced subsidiaries that were previously tax-deferred, and create new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. At December 31, 2017, the Company made a reasonable estimate of the effects of the TCJA on existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. The Company has not completed the calculation of the total post-1986 earnings and profits for these foreign subsidiaries. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when the Company finalizes the calculation of post-1986 foreign earnings and profits previously deferred from United States federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets.

In December 2017, the SEC issued guidance for companies that have not completed the accounting for the income tax effects of the TCJA. Under this guidance, a company may report provisional amounts based on reasonable estimates where the accounting is incomplete. These amounts are subject to adjustments during a measurement period of up to one year beginning in the reporting period of the enactment date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has determined that the impact of the TCJA on deferred taxes and the transition tax inclusion recorded on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings were provisional amounts and reasonable estimates at December 31, 2017. The amounts recorded remain reasonable estimates as of June 30, 2018 based on information available to date. Additional work is necessary for a more detailed analysis of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our historical foreign earnings as well as potential correlative adjustments. Any subsequent adjustment to the amount will be recorded in the quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete, but is not anticipated to impact tax expense due to the existence of fully-valued tax attribute carryforwards.

Although the TCJA generally eliminates United States federal income tax on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, it creates a new requirement that certain income, referred to as Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”), earned by controlled foreign corporations must be included currently in the gross income of the entity's United States taxpayer. In accordance with this guidance, the Company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either (1) treating taxes due on

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future United States inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred or (2) factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes. Because of the complexity of the new GILTI tax rules, the Company continues to evaluate this provision of the TCJA and has not yet determined its accounting policy. At June 30, 2018, because the Company is still evaluating the GILTI provisions and its analysis of future taxable income that is subject to GILTI, it has included the GILTI impact related to current-year operations only in its estimated annual effective tax rate computations and has not provided additional GILTI impact on deferred items. The GILTI taxable income inclusion does not affect the 2018 tax expense due to the existence of fully-valued tax attribute carryforwards.

Beyond the inclusions required pursuant to the TCJA, no additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings that are considered to be permanently reinvested.

NOTE 7—EQUITY

The following table shows the reconciliation of the carrying amount of stockholders’ equity attributable to Live Nation, equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, total equity and also redeemable noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 30, 2018:



	Live Nation Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity			Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
	(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,181,196		$	236,948		$	1,418,144		$	244,727
Non-cash compensation expense	23,320			—			23,320			—
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	(8,602		)	—			(8,602		)	—
Exercise of stock options	10,854			—			10,854			—
Fair value of convertible debt conversion feature, net of issuance costs	62,624			—			62,624			—
Repurchase of convertible debt conversion feature	(92,641		)	—			(92,641		)	—
Acquisitions	—			22,404			22,404			21,870
Purchases of noncontrolling interests	1,709			(1,636		)	73			(356		)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests fair value adjustments	(33,456		)	—			(33,456		)	33,456
Contributions received	—			4,900			4,900			—
Cash distributions	—			(23,269		)	(23,269		)	(7,874		)
Other	(113		)	(2,458		)	(2,571		)	78
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	35,453			5,582			41,035			1,293
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(17,295		)	—			(17,295		)	—
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	1,163,049		$	242,471		$	1,405,520		$	293,194

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents changes in the components of AOCI, net of taxes, for the six months ended June 30, 2018:



	Total (Foreign Currency Items)
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(108,542	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	(17,295		)
Net other comprehensive income	(17,295		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	(125,837	)

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Earnings Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share includes the effects of the assumed exercise of any outstanding stock options, the assumed vesting of shares of restricted stock and the assumed conversion of the convertible senior notes where dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of weighted average common shares outstanding:



	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Weighted average common shares—basic	207,331,781	204,688,374	207,031,642	204,212,281
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock	7,773,338	9,190,778	8,043,561	8,907,681
Weighted average common shares—diluted	215,105,119	213,879,152	215,075,203	213,119,962

The following table shows securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share because such securities are anti-dilutive:



	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Options to purchase shares of common stock	604,781	832,831	604,781	880,331
Restricted and deferred stock—unvested	2,668,381	264,558	2,627,154	264,558
Conversion shares related to the convertible senior notes	8,912,127	7,929,982	8,912,127	7,929,982
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding	12,185,289	9,027,371	12,144,062	9,074,871

NOTE 8—REVENUE RECOGNITION

Concerts

Concerts revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Total Concerts Revenue	$	2,380,736		$	2,249,851		$	3,419,657		$	3,113,128
Percentage of consolidated revenue	83.0		%	83.8		%	78.6		%	79.3		%

The Concerts segment generates revenue from the promotion or production of live music events and festivals in the Company’s owned or operated venues and in rented third-party venues, artist management commissions and the sale of merchandise for music artists at events. As a promoter and venue operator, the Company earns revenue primarily from the sale of tickets, concessions, merchandise, parking, venue sponsorship, ticket rebates or service charges on tickets sold by Ticketmaster or third-party ticketing agreements, and rental of the Company’s owned or operated venues. As an artist manager, the Company earns commissions on the earnings of the artists and other clients the Company represents, primarily derived from clients’ earnings for concert tours. Over 95% of Concerts’ revenue, whether related to promotion, venue operations, artist management or artist event merchandising, is recognized on the day of the related event. The majority of consideration for the Concerts segment is collected in advance of or on the day of the event. Consideration received in advance of the event is recorded as deferred revenue. Any consideration not collected by the day of the event is typically received within three months after the event date.

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Sponsorship & Advertising

Sponsorship & Advertising revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Total Sponsorship & Advertising Revenue	$	139,938		$	124,563		$	214,496		$	188,551
Percentage of consolidated revenue	4.9		%	4.6		%	4.9		%	4.8		%

The Sponsorship & Advertising segment generates revenue from sponsorship and marketing programs that provide its sponsors with strategic, international, national and local opportunities to reach customers through the Company’s venue, artist relationship and ticketing assets, including advertising on its websites. These programs can also include custom events or programs for the sponsors’ specific brands, which are typically experienced exclusively by the sponsors’ customers. Sponsorship agreements may contain multiple elements, which provide several distinct benefits to the sponsor over the term of the agreement, and can be for a single or multi-year term. The Company also earns revenue from exclusive access rights provided to sponsors in various categories such as ticket pre-sales, beverage pouring rights, venue naming rights, media campaigns, signage within the Company’s venues, and advertising on its websites. Revenue from sponsorship agreements is allocated to the multiple elements based on the relative stand-alone selling price of each separate element, which are determined using vendor-specific evidence, third-party evidence or the Company’s best estimate of the fair value. Revenue is recognized over the term of the agreement or operating season as the benefits are provided to the sponsor unless the revenue is associated with a specific event, in which case it is recognized when the event occurs. Revenue is collected in installment payments during the year, typically in advance of providing the benefit or the event. Revenue received in advance of the event or the sponsor receiving the benefit is recorded as deferred revenue.

At June 30, 2018, the Company had contracted sponsorship agreements with terms greater than one year that had approximately $766.3 million of revenue related to future benefits to be provided by the Company. The Company expects to recognize 20%, 27%, 18% and 35% of this revenue in the remainder of 2018, 2019, 2020 and thereafter, respectively.

Ticketing

Ticketing revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Total Ticketing Revenue	$	351,195		$	311,181		$	723,568		$	624,019
Percentage of consolidated revenue	12.2		%	11.6		%	16.6		%	15.9		%

Ticket fee revenue is generated from convenience and order processing fees, or service charges, charged at the time a ticket for an event is sold in either the primary or secondary markets. The Ticketing segment is primarily an agency business that sells tickets for events on behalf of its clients, which include venues, concert promoters, professional sports franchises and leagues, college sports teams, theater producers and museums. Ticket fee revenue is recognized when the ticket is sold for third-party clients and secondary market sales, as the Company has no further obligation to its client’s customers following the sale of the ticket. For the Company’s concert events, where its concert promoters control ticketing, ticket fee revenue is recognized when the event occurs because the Company also has the obligation to deliver the event to the fan. The delivery of the ticket to the fan is not considered a distinct performance obligation for the Company’s concert events because the fan cannot receive the benefits of the ticket unless the Company also fulfills its obligation to deliver the event. The majority of ticket fee revenue is collected within the month of the ticket sale. Revenue received from the sale of tickets in advance of the Company’s concert events is recorded as deferred revenue.

Ticketing contract advances, which can be either recoupable or non-recoupable, represent amounts paid in advance to the Company’s clients pursuant to ticketing agreements and are reflected in prepaid expenses or in other long-term assets if the amount is expected to be recouped or recognized over a period of more than 12 months. Recoupable ticketing contract advances are generally recoupable against future royalties earned by the clients, based on the contract terms, over the life of the contract. Royalties are typically earned by the client when tickets are sold. Royalties paid to clients are recorded as a reduction to revenue when the tickets are sold and the corresponding service charge revenue is recognized. Non-recoupable ticketing contract advances, excluding those amounts paid to support clients’ advertising costs, are fixed additional incentives occasionally paid by the Company to certain clients to secure the contract and are normally amortized over the life of the

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contract on a straight-line basis as a reduction to revenue. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had ticketing contract advances of $78.5 million and $76.0 million, respectively, in prepaid expenses and $74.4 million and $78.6 million, respectively, in other long-term assets. The Company amortized $16.3 million and $14.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $36.3 million and $34.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to non-recoupable ticketing contract advances.

Deferred Revenue

The majority of the Company’s deferred revenue is classified as current and is shown as a separate line item on the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue that is not expected to be recognized within the next twelve months is classified as long-term and reflected in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company had current deferred revenue of $925.2 million and $805.0 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The table below summarizes the amount of deferred revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)
Concerts	$	381,277	$	359,016	$	646,538	$	541,335
Sponsorship & Advertising	4,169		6,032		17,289		15,159
Ticketing	16,206		13,397		31,739		25,099
Other & Corporate	483		62		1,391		691
	$	402,135	$	378,507	$	696,957	$	582,284

NOTE 9—SEGMENT DATA

The Company’s reportable segments are Concerts, Sponsorship & Advertising and Ticketing. The Concerts segment involves the promotion of live music events globally in the Company’s owned or operated venues and in rented third-party venues, the production of music festivals, the operation and management of music venues, the creation of associated content and the provision of management and other services to artists. The Sponsorship & Advertising segment manages the development of strategic sponsorship programs in addition to the sale of international, national and local sponsorships and the placement of advertising such as signage, promotional programs, rich media offerings, including advertising associated with live streaming and music-related original content, and ads across the Company’s distribution network of venues, events and websites. The Ticketing segment involves the management of the Company’s global ticketing operations, including providing ticketing software and services to clients, ticket resale services and online access for customers relating to ticket and event information, and is responsible for the Company’s primary ticketing website, www.ticketmaster.com.

Revenue and expenses earned and charged between segments are eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s capital expenditures below include accruals for amounts incurred but not yet paid for, but are not reduced by reimbursements received from outside parties such as landlords or replacements funded by insurance proceeds.

The Company manages its working capital on a consolidated basis. Accordingly, segment assets are not reported to, or used by, the Company’s management to allocate resources to or assess performance of the segments, and therefore, total segment assets have not been presented.

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The following table presents the results of operations for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Concerts		Sponsorship & Advertising		Ticketing			Other			Corporate			Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Revenue	$	2,380,736	$	139,938	$	351,195		$	1,177		$	—		$	(4,731	)	$	2,868,315
Direct operating expenses	1,990,254		29,200		119,787			597			—			(4,731		)	2,135,107
Selling, general and administrative expenses	302,019		23,114		147,350			3,955			—			—			476,438
Depreciation and amortization	46,519		7,132		34,989			178			967			—			89,785
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	114		—		(6		)	—			—			—			108
Corporate expenses	—		—		—			—			32,152			—			32,152
Operating income (loss)	$	41,830	$	80,492	$	49,075		$	(3,553	)	$	(33,119	)	$	—		$	134,725
Intersegment revenue	$	—	$	—	$	4,731		$	—		$	—		$	(4,731	)	$	—
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Revenue	$	2,249,851	$	124,563	$	311,181		$	867		$	—		$	(2,877	)	$	2,683,585
Direct operating expenses	1,895,588		25,571		103,186			1,003			—			(2,877		)	2,022,471
Selling, general and administrative expenses	270,488		22,211		136,677			5,009			—			—			434,385
Depreciation and amortization	46,131		6,401		27,565			103			965			—			81,165
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	95		—		7			—			13			—			115
Corporate expenses	—		—		—			—			32,016			—			32,016
Operating income (loss)	$	37,549	$	70,380	$	43,746		$	(5,248	)	$	(32,994	)	$	—		$	113,433
Intersegment revenue	$	667	$	—	$	2,210		$	—		$	—		$	(2,877	)	$	—

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	Concerts			Sponsorship & Advertising		Ticketing		Other			Corporate			Eliminations			Consolidated
	(in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Revenue	$	3,419,657		$	214,496	$	723,568	$	1,954		$	—		$	(8,976	)	$	4,350,699
Direct operating expenses	2,786,419			44,951		244,071		726			—			(8,976		)	3,067,191
Selling, general and administrative expenses	563,110			43,209		296,933		7,797			—			—			911,049
Depreciation and amortization	92,054			14,742		68,622		387			1,851			—			177,656
Loss on disposal of operating assets	135			—		11		—			—			—			146
Corporate expenses	—			—		—		—			65,962			—			65,962
Operating income (loss)	$	(22,061	)	$	111,594	$	113,931	$	(6,956	)	$	(67,813	)	$	—		$	128,695
Intersegment revenue	$	—		$	—	$	8,976	$	—		$	—		$	(8,976	)	$	—
Capital expenditures	$	49,488		$	1,892	$	43,562	$	26		$	2,969		$	—		$	97,937
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Revenue	$	3,113,128		$	188,551	$	624,019	$	6,714		$	—		$	(5,948	)	$	3,926,464
Direct operating expenses	2,560,333			37,145		204,919		1,282			—			(5,947		)	2,797,732
Selling, general and administrative expenses	499,068			41,669		266,714		10,242			—			—			817,693
Depreciation and amortization	92,573			12,911		54,102		212			1,900			(1		)	161,697
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	(588		)	—		7		—			37			—			(544		)
Corporate expenses	—			—		—		—			57,819			—			57,819
Operating income (loss)	$	(38,258	)	$	96,826	$	98,277	$	(5,022	)	$	(59,756	)	$	—		$	92,067
Intersegment revenue	$	1,813		$	—	$	4,135	$	—		$	—		$	(5,948	)	$	—
Capital expenditures	$	55,006		$	3,161	$	51,068	$	65		$	16,753		$	—		$	126,053

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

“Live Nation” (which may be referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) means Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries, or one of our segments or subsidiaries, as the context requires. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes to the financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report.

Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this quarterly report (or otherwise made by us or on our behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the SEC, news releases, conferences, internet postings or otherwise) that are not statements of historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our financial position, business strategy, competitive position, potential growth opportunities, potential operating performance improvements, the effects of competition, the effects of future legislation or regulations and plans and objectives of our management for future operations. We have based our forward-looking statements on our beliefs and assumptions considering the information available to us at the time the statements are made. Use of the words “may,” “should,” “continue,” “plan,” “potential,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “outlook,” “could,” “target,” “project,” “seek,” “predict,” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth below under Part II Item 1A.—Risk Factors, in Part I Item IA.—Risk Factors of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as other factors described herein or in our annual, quarterly and other reports we file with the SEC (collectively, “cautionary statements”). Based upon changing conditions, should any one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in any forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the applicable cautionary statements. We do not intend to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.

Executive Overview

In the second quarter of 2018, our total revenue increased by $185 million, or 7%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $140 million, a 5% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. The revenue increase was largely driven by growth in our Concerts segment due to the increase in the number of events and fans attending these events, which also drove our highest second quarter concert attendance ever. All three of our segments reported revenue growth in the quarter which improved our operating income for the quarter by 19% as compared to the second quarter of 2017. For the first six months of 2018, our total revenue grew $424 million, or 11%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $335 million, a 9% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. Our three business segments delivered strong revenue increases in the first half of the year, underscoring the continued success of our strategic initiatives and the underlying health of the live event and ticketing businesses. As the leading global live event and ticketing company, we believe that we are well-positioned to provide the best service to artists, teams, fans and venues and therefore drive growth across all our businesses, and that by leveraging our leadership position in the entertainment industry to reach fans through the live concert experience, we will sell more tickets and grow our sponsorship revenue.

Our Concerts segment revenue for the quarter increased by $131 million, or 6%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $92 million, a 4% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. This increase was largely due to significant growth in arena activity in both North America and Europe along with increased amphitheater show count and attendance in North America. Our amphitheater onsite initiatives increased our ancillary spend per head year-over-year by optimizing our points of sale-to-fan ratio and expanding our product mix. We have continued to focus on platinum and premium ticket offerings for fans and improving the sell-through on our best seats. Global festival attendance was up in the second quarter with very successful events including EDC Las Vegas, Graspop in Belgium and Sweden Rocks. Overall, attendance at our shows increased by 2% in the second quarter of 2018 as compared to last year, despite the drop in stadium activity year-over-year. Our Concerts segment operating results for the quarter exceeded last year and this was again largely driven by the high volume of arena and amphitheater activity as well as our revenue growth initiatives.

For the first six months, our Concerts segment was the largest contributor to our overall revenue growth, with an increase of $307 million, or 10%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $232 million, a 7% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. As in the second quarter, this higher revenue was largely due to an increase in the number of arena shows in North America and Europe and amphitheater activity in North America. For the first half of the year, there has been a 5% increase in the overall number of fans attending our shows as compared to the first half of 2017. Operating income

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for the first six months of the year was up due to the higher number of shows in arenas and amphitheaters as well as our ticket pricing and onsite initiatives. We will continue to look for expansion opportunities, both domestically and internationally, as well as ways to market our events more effectively, in order to continue to expand our fan base and geographic reach and to sell more tickets and advertising.

Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment revenue for the quarter was up $15 million, or 12%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $13 million, an 11% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. Higher revenue resulted from new clients, growth in our online business and increased festival sponsorships, which also improved our operating income. For the first six months, Sponsorship & Advertising revenue was up $26 million, or 14%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $21 million, an 11% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. New venue products such as social moments installations and viewing decks have sold very strongly this year and we have successfully entered into new categories, broadening our client base and opportunities for growth. We believe that our extensive onsite and online reach, global venue distribution network, artist relationships and ticketing operations are the key to securing long-term sponsorship agreements with major brands, and we plan to expand these assets while extending further into new markets internationally.

Our Ticketing segment revenue for the second quarter increased by $40 million, or 13%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $36 million, a 12% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. Our fee-bearing ticket sales were up 1% in the quarter with strong growth coming from North America concert ticket sales. For the first six months, Ticketing revenue was up $100 million, or 16%, on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $89 million, a 14% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. We have sold 101 million fee-bearing tickets worldwide for the first six months, a 4% increase over last year. We continue to see strong growth in our mobile ticket sales with an increase of 34% in the first six months of the year, with mobile now representing 40% of our total ticket sales. We will continue to implement new features to drive further expansion of mobile ticket transactions and invest in initiatives aimed at improving the ticket search, purchase and transfer process which we expect will attract more ticket buyers and enhance the overall fan and venue client experience.

We continue to be optimistic about the long-term potential of our company and are focused on the key elements of our business model: expand our concert platform, drive conversion of ticket sales through social and mobile channels, sell more tickets for our Ticketmaster clients, deliver to our fans a fully-integrated offering of primary and secondary tickets, grow our sponsorship and online revenue, and drive cost efficiencies.

Our History

We were incorporated in Delaware on August 2, 2005 in preparation for the contribution and transfer by Clear Channel Communications, Inc. of substantially all of its entertainment assets and liabilities to us. We completed the separation on December 21, 2005, and became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange trading under the symbol “LYV.”

On January 25, 2010, we merged with Ticketmaster Entertainment LLC and it became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Live Nation. Effective with the merger, Live Nation, Inc. changed its name to Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.

Segment Overview

Our reportable segments are Concerts, Sponsorship & Advertising and Ticketing.

Concerts

Our Concerts segment principally involves the global promotion of live music events in our owned or operated venues and in rented third-party venues, the operation and management of music venues, the production of music festivals across the world, the creation of associated content and the provision of management and other services to artists. While our Concerts segment operates year-round, we experience higher revenue during the second and third quarters due to the seasonal nature of shows at our outdoor amphitheaters and festivals, which primarily occur from May through October. Revenue and related costs for events are generally deferred and recognized when the event occurs. All advertising costs incurred during the year for shows in future years are expensed at the end of the year.

Concerts direct operating expenses include artist fees, event production costs, show-related marketing and advertising expenses, along with other costs.

To judge the health of our Concerts segment, we primarily monitor the number of confirmed events and fan attendance in our network of owned or operated and third-party venues, talent fees, average paid attendance, market ticket pricing, advance ticket sales and the number of major artist clients under management. In addition, at our owned or operated venues and festivals, we monitor ancillary revenue per fan and premium ticket sales. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

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Sponsorship & Advertising

Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment employs a sales force that creates and maintains relationships with sponsors through a combination of strategic, international, national and local opportunities that allow businesses to reach customers through our concerts, venue, artist relationship and ticketing assets, including advertising on our websites. We drive increased advertising scale to further monetize our concerts platform through rich media offerings including advertising associated with live streaming and music-related original content. We work with our corporate clients to help create marketing programs that drive their business goals and connect their brands directly with fans and artists. We also develop, book and produce custom events or programs for our clients’ specific brands which are typically experienced exclusively by the clients’ consumers. These custom events can involve live music events with talent and media, using both online and traditional outlets. We typically experience higher revenue in the second and third quarters, as a large portion of sponsorships are associated with shows at our outdoor amphitheaters and festivals, which primarily occur from May through October.

Direct operating expenses include fulfillment costs related to our sponsorship programs, along with other costs.

To judge the health of our Sponsorship & Advertising segment, we primarily review the revenue generated through sponsorship arrangements and online advertising, and the percentage of expected revenue under contract. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

Ticketing

Our Ticketing segment is primarily an agency business that sells tickets for events on behalf of its clients and retains a portion of the service charges as our fee. Gross transaction value (“GTV”) represents the total amount of the transaction related to a ticket sale and includes the face value of the ticket as well as the service charge. Service charges are generally based on a percentage of the face value or a fixed fee. We sell tickets through websites, mobile apps, ticket outlets and telephone call centers. Our ticketing sales are impacted by fluctuations in the availability of events for sale to the public, which may vary depending upon scheduling by our clients. We also offer ticket resale services, sometimes referred to as secondary ticketing, principally through our integrated inventory platform, league/team platforms and other platforms internationally. Our Ticketing segment manages our online activities including enhancements to our ticketing websites and product offerings. Through our websites, we sell tickets to our own events as well as tickets for our clients and provide event information. Revenue related to ticketing service charges is recognized when the ticket is sold for our outside clients. For our own events, where our concert promoters control ticketing, revenue is deferred and recognized as the event occurs.

Ticketing direct operating expenses include call center costs and credit card fees, along with other costs.

To judge the health of our Ticketing segment, we primarily review GTV and the number of tickets sold through our primary and secondary ticketing operations, the number of clients renewed or added and the average royalty rate paid to clients who use our ticketing services. In addition, we review the number of visits to our websites, cost of customer acquisition, the purchase conversion rate, the overall number of customers in our database, the number and percentage of tickets sold via mobile and the number of app installs. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

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Key Operating Metrics



	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
	(in thousands except estimated events)
Concerts ⁽¹⁾
Events:
North America	6,321	5,182	11,108	8,930
International	2,756	2,543	5,142	4,751
Total estimated events	9,077	7,725	16,250	13,681
Fans:
North America	16,079	15,325	22,923	21,100
International	9,145	9,453	14,593	14,577
Total estimated fans	25,224	24,778	37,516	35,677
Ticketing ⁽²⁾
Fee-bearing tickets	48,140	47,506	101,168	97,108
Non-fee-bearing tickets	50,522	51,416	115,019	118,750
Total estimated tickets	98,662	98,922	216,187	215,858

_________

⁽¹⁾

Events generally represent a single performance by an artist. Fans generally represent the number of people who attend an event. Festivals are counted as one event in the quarter in which the festival begins, but the number of fans is based on the days the fans were present at the festival and thus can be reported across multiple quarters. Events and fan attendance metrics are estimated each quarter.

⁽²⁾

The fee-bearing tickets estimated above include primary and secondary tickets that are sold using our Ticketmaster systems or that we issue through affiliates. This metric includes primary tickets sold during the period regardless of event timing, except for our own events where our concert promoters control ticketing and which are reported as the events occur. The non-fee-bearing tickets estimated above include primary tickets sold using our Ticketmaster systems, through season seat packages and our venue clients’ box offices, along with tickets sold on our ‘do it yourself’ platform.

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Non-GAAP Measures

Reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)

AOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as operating income (loss) before certain stock-based compensation expense, loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets, depreciation and amortization (including goodwill impairment), amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances and acquisition expenses (including transaction costs, changes in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration obligations, and acquisition-related severance and compensation). We use AOI to evaluate the performance of our operating segments. We believe that information about AOI assists investors by allowing them to evaluate changes in the operating results of our portfolio of businesses separate from non-operational factors that affect net income (loss), thus providing insights into both operations and the other factors that affect reported results. AOI is not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP. A limitation of the use of AOI as a performance measure is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain amortizing assets used in generating revenue in our business. Accordingly, AOI should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, operating income (loss), net income (loss), and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. Furthermore, this measure may vary among other companies; thus, AOI as presented herein may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

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The following table sets forth the reconciliation of AOI to operating income (loss):



	Operating income (loss)			Stock- based compensation expense		Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets			Depreciation and amortization		Amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances			Acquisition expenses		AOI
	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Concerts	$	41,830		$	3,974	$	114		$	46,519	$	—		$	7,075	$	99,512
Sponsorship & Advertising	80,492			455		—			7,132		—			—		88,079
Ticketing	49,075			1,200		(6		)	34,989		17,409			239		102,906
Other and Eliminations	(3,553		)	—		—			178		(1,069		)	—		(4,444		)
Corporate	(33,119		)	6,447		—			967		—			—		(25,705		)
Total	$	134,725		$	12,076	$	108		$	89,785	$	16,340		$	7,314	$	260,348
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Concerts	$	37,549		$	1,961	$	95		$	46,131	$	—		$	2,686	$	88,422
Sponsorship & Advertising	70,380			343		—			6,401		—			—		77,124
Ticketing	43,746			1,109		7			27,565		15,659			1,143		89,229
Other and Eliminations	(5,248		)	—		—			103		(954		)	—		(6,099		)
Corporate	(32,994		)	4,752		13			965		—			20		(27,244		)
Total	$	113,433		$	8,165	$	115		$	81,165	$	14,705		$	3,849	$	221,432
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Concerts	$	(22,061	)	$	5,883	$	135		$	92,054	$	—		$	7,873	$	83,884
Sponsorship & Advertising	111,594			708		—			14,742		—			—		127,044
Ticketing	113,931			2,273		11			68,622		38,547			472		223,856
Other and Eliminations	(6,956		)	—		—			387		(2,262		)	—		(8,831		)
Corporate	(67,813		)	14,082		—			1,851		—			—		(51,880		)
Total	$	128,695		$	22,946	$	146		$	177,656	$	36,285		$	8,345	$	374,073
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Concerts	$	(38,258	)	$	4,734	$	(588	)	$	92,573	$	—		$	7,828	$	66,289
Sponsorship & Advertising	96,826			682		—			12,911		—			—		110,419
Ticketing	98,277			1,989		7			54,102		36,461			1,508		192,344
Other and Eliminations	(5,022		)	—		—			211		(1,693		)	—		(6,504		)
Corporate	(59,756		)	8,696		37			1,900		—			25		(49,098		)
Total	$	92,067		$	16,101	$	(544	)	$	161,697	$	34,768		$	9,361	$	313,450

AOI Margin

AOI margin is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate by dividing AOI by revenue. We use AOI margin to evaluate the performance of our operating segments. We believe that information about AOI margin assists investors by allowing them to evaluate changes in the operating results of our portfolio of businesses separate from non-operational factors that affect net income (loss), thus providing insights into both operations and the other factors that affect reported results. AOI margin is not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP. A limitation of the use of AOI margin as a performance measure is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain amortizing assets used in generating revenue in our business. Accordingly, AOI margin should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, operating income (loss) margin, net income (loss) margin, and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. Furthermore, this measure may vary among other companies; thus, AOI margin as presented herein may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

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Constant Currency

Constant currency is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate currency impacts as the difference between current period activity translated using the current period’s currency exchange rates and the comparable prior period’s currency exchange rates. We present constant currency information to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations.

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Segment Operating Results

Concerts

Our Concerts segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						% Change	Six Months Ended June 30,						% Change
	2018			2017				2018			2017
	(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Revenue	$	2,380,736		$	2,249,851		6%	$	3,419,657		$	3,113,128		10%
Direct operating expenses	1,990,254			1,895,588			5%	2,786,419			2,560,333			9%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	302,019			270,488			12%	563,110			499,068			13%
Depreciation and amortization	46,519			46,131			1%	92,054			92,573			(1)%
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	114			95			*	135			(588		)	*
Operating income (loss)	$	41,830		$	37,549		11%	$	(22,061	)	$	(38,258	)	42%
Operating margin	1.8		%	1.7		%		(0.6		)%	(1.2		)%
AOI**	$	99,512		$	88,422		13%	$	83,884		$	66,289		27%
AOI margin**	4.2		%	3.9		%		2.5		%	2.1		%

_______



*	Percentages are not meaningful.
**	See “—Non-GAAP Measures” above for definition and reconciliation of AOI and AOI margin.

Three Months

Revenue

Concerts revenue increased $130.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the increase of $38.8 million related to currency impacts, revenue increased $92.1 million, or 4%, primarily due to increased arena activity globally and more shows along with higher average ticket prices and increased ancillary revenue per fan in our North America amphitheaters and increased festival activity in North America. These increases were partially offset by fewer international stadium and theater and club shows. Concerts had incremental revenue of $82.7 million from the acquisitions of concerts and festival promotion businesses.

Operating results

The increased operating results for Concerts for the three months ended June 30, 2018 were primarily driven by strong operating results for our North America amphitheaters and festivals partially offset by lower stadium results and higher compensation costs associated with salary increases and headcount growth. Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018 is $8.7 million of expenses related to new acquisitions and new venues in the Concerts segment.

Six Months

Revenue

Concerts revenue increased $306.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the increase of $74.1 million related to currency impacts, revenue increased $232.4 million, or 7%, primarily due to increased arena activity globally, more shows along with higher average ticket prices and increased ancillary revenue per fan in our North America amphitheaters, more shows in our North America theaters and clubs and increased festival activity in North America. These increases were partially offset by fewer international stadium shows. Concerts had incremental revenue of $106.2 million from the acquisitions of concerts and festival promotion businesses.

Operating results

The increased operating results for Concerts for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were primarily driven by strong operating results for our North America amphitheaters, festivals and theaters and clubs partially offset by lower stadium results and higher compensation costs associated with salary increases and headcount growth. Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is $18.5 million of expenses related to new acquisitions and new venues in the Concerts segment.

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Sponsorship & Advertising

Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						% Change	Six Months Ended June 30,						% Change
	2018			2017				2018			2017
	(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Revenue	$	139,938		$	124,563		12%	$	214,496		$	188,551		14%
Direct operating expenses	29,200			25,571			14%	44,951			37,145			21%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	23,114			22,211			4%	43,209			41,669			4%
Depreciation and amortization	7,132			6,401			11%	14,742			12,911			14%
Operating income	$	80,492		$	70,380		14%	$	111,594		$	96,826		15%
Operating margin	57.5		%	56.5		%		52.0		%	51.4		%
AOI**	$	88,079		$	77,124		14%	$	127,044		$	110,419		15%
AOI margin**	62.9		%	61.9		%		59.2		%	58.6		%

_______



**	See “—Non-GAAP Measures” above for definition and reconciliation of AOI and AOI margin.

Three Months

Revenue

Sponsorship & Advertising revenue increased $15.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the increase of $2.0 million related to currency impacts, revenue increased $13.4 million, or 11%, primarily due to increased sales for our festivals.

Operating results

The increase in Sponsorship & Advertising operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily driven by the increase in festival activity partially offset by higher fulfillment costs of certain festivals and sponsorship programs.

Six Months

Revenue

Sponsorship & Advertising revenue increased $25.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the increase of $4.7 million related to currency impacts, revenue increased $21.2 million, or 11%, primarily due to increased sales for our festivals and higher online advertising in North America.

Operating results

The increase in Sponsorship & Advertising operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily driven by the increase in festival and online advertising partially offset by higher fulfillment costs of certain festivals and sponsorship programs.

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Ticketing

Our Ticketing segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						% Change	Six Months Ended June 30,						% Change
	2018			2017				2018			2017
				(as adjusted)							(as adjusted)
	(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Revenue	$	351,195		$	311,181		13%	$	723,568		$	624,019		16%
Direct operating expenses	119,787			103,186			16%	244,071			204,919			19%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	147,350			136,677			8%	296,933			266,714			11%
Depreciation and amortization	34,989			27,565			27%	68,622			54,102			27%
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	(6		)	7			*	11			7			*
Operating income	$	49,075		$	43,746		12%	$	113,931		$	98,277		16%
Operating margin	14.0		%	14.1		%		15.7		%	15.7		%
AOI**	$	102,906		$	89,229		15%	$	223,856		$	192,344		16%
AOI margin**	29.3		%	28.7		%		30.9		%	30.8		%

_______



*	Percentages are not meaningful.
**	See “—Non-GAAP Measures” above for definition and reconciliation of AOI and AOI margin.

Three Months

Revenue

Ticketing revenue increased $40.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the increase of $4.1 million related to currency impacts, revenue increased $35.9 million, or 12%, primarily due to increased North America primary ticket fees driven by higher volume for concert and theatrical events, along with higher North America resale volume driven by concert and sports events.

Operating results

The increase in Ticketing operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to increased operating results from higher primary and resale ticket sales partially offset by increased compensation costs associated with higher headcount and salary increases.

Six Months

Revenue

Ticketing revenue increased $99.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the increase of $10.8 million related to currency impacts, revenue increased $88.7 million, or 14%, primarily due to increased North America primary ticket volume and higher associated ticket fees, driven by concert events, higher North America resale volume driven by concert and sports events and increased ticket insurance revenue.

Operating results

The increase in Ticketing operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to increased operating results from higher primary and resale ticket sales along with increased ticket insurance partially offset by increased compensation costs associated with higher headcount and salary increases.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

Three Months



	Three Months Ended June 30,												% Change
	2018									2017			% Change
	As Reported			Currency Impacts			At Constant Currency**			As Adjusted			As Reported	At Constant Currency**
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	2,868,315		$	(44,903	)	$	2,823,412		$	2,683,585		7%	5%
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses	2,135,107			(34,576		)	2,100,531			2,022,471			6%	4%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	476,438			(7,837		)	468,601			434,385			10%	8%
Depreciation and amortization	89,785			(1,250		)	88,535			81,165			11%	9%
Loss on disposal of operating assets	108			—			108			115			*	*
Corporate expenses	32,152			(5		)	32,147			32,016			—	—
Operating income	134,725			$	(1,235	)	$	133,490		113,433			19%	18%
Operating margin	4.7		%				4.7		%	4.2		%
Interest expense	35,992									26,878
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt	(473		)							1,049
Interest income	(2,705		)							(1,031		)
Equity in loss (earnings) of nonconsolidated affiliates	313									(536		)
Other expense (income), net	6,443									(3,466		)
Income before income taxes	95,155									90,539
Income tax expense	11,799									9,984
Net income	83,356									80,555
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	13,997									(923		)
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	69,359								$	81,478

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*	Percentages are not meaningful.
**	See “—Non-GAAP Measures” above for definition of constant currency.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased $9.1 million, or 34%, during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to additional interest costs from the 5.625% senior notes and the 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2023 issued in March 2018.

Our debt balances and weighted-average cost of debt, excluding unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs of $105.8 million, were $2.9 billion and 4.1%, respectively, at June 30, 2018.

Other expense (income), net

Other expense (income), net includes the impact of net foreign exchange rate losses of $8.4 million and net foreign exchange rate gains of $4.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily from the revaluation of certain foreign currency denominated net assets held internationally.

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests increased $14.9 million as compared to the same period of the prior year to income of $14.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the acquisition of the remaining interests in a festival and concert promotion business in December 2017.

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Six Months



	Six Months Ended June 30,												% Change
	2018									2017			% Change
	As Reported			Currency Impacts			At Constant Currency**			As Adjusted			As Reported	At Constant Currency**
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	4,350,699		$	(89,504	)	$	4,261,195		$	3,926,464		11%	9%
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses	3,067,191			(63,584		)	3,003,607			2,797,732			10%	7%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	911,049			(21,268		)	889,781			817,693			11%	9%
Depreciation and amortization	177,656			(3,657		)	173,999			161,697			10%	8%
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	146			3			149			(544		)	*	*
Corporate expenses	65,962			(40		)	65,922			57,819			14%	14%
Operating income	128,695			$	(958	)	$	127,737		92,067			40%	39%
Operating margin	3.0		%				3.0		%	2.3		%
Interest expense	65,733									52,888
Loss on extinguishment of debt	2,470									1,049
Interest income	(3,888		)							(1,976		)
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates	(3,402		)							(2,876		)
Other expense (income), net	6,771									(6,308		)
Income before income taxes	61,011									49,290
Income tax expense	18,683									16,505
Net income	42,328									32,785
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	6,875									(15,700		)
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	35,453								$	48,485

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*	Percentages are not meaningful.
**	See “—Non-GAAP Measures” above for definition of constant currency.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased $12.8 million, or 24%, during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to additional interest costs from the 5.625% senior notes and the 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2023 issued in March 2018.

Other expense (income), net

Other expense (income), net includes the impact of net foreign exchange rate losses of $9.2 million and net foreign exchange rate gains of $7.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily from the revaluation of certain foreign currency denominated net assets held internationally.

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests increased $22.6 million as compared to the same period of the prior year to income of $6.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the acquisition of the remaining interests in a festival and concert promotion business in December 2017 along with improved operating results from certain festival promotion businesses located in the United States.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash is centrally managed on a worldwide basis. Our primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund general working capital requirements, capital expenditures and debt service requirements while our long-term liquidity needs are primarily related to acquisitions and debt repayment. Our primary sources of funds for our short-term liquidity needs will be cash flows from operations and borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, while our long-term sources of funds will be from cash flows from operations, long-term bank borrowings and other debt or equity financings. We may from time to time engage in open market purchases of our outstanding debt securities or redeem or otherwise repay such debt.

Our balance sheet reflects cash and cash equivalents of $2.3 billion at June 30, 2018 and $1.8 billion at December 31, 2017. Included in the June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 cash and cash equivalents balances are $733.6 million and $769.4 million, respectively, of cash received that includes the face value of tickets sold on behalf of our ticketing clients and their share of service charges, which we refer to as client cash. We generally do not utilize client cash for our own financing or investing activities as the amounts are payable to clients on a regular basis. Our foreign subsidiaries held approximately $885.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, excluding client cash, at June 30, 2018. We generally do not intend to repatriate these funds, but if we did, we would need to accrue and pay United States state income taxes as well as any applicable foreign withholding or transaction taxes on future repatriations. We may from time to time enter into borrowings under our revolving credit facility. If the original maturity of these borrowings is 90 days or less, we present the borrowings and subsequent repayments on a net basis in the statement of cash flows to better represent our financing activities. Our balance sheet reflects total net debt of $2.8 billion and $2.3 billion at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Our weighted-average cost of debt, excluding unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs on our term loans and notes, was 4.1% at June 30, 2018.

Our cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third-party financial institutions and consist of cash in our operating accounts and invested cash. Cash held in non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing operating accounts in many cases exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The invested cash is in interest-bearing funds consisting primarily of bank deposits and money market funds. While we monitor cash and cash equivalents balances in our operating accounts on a regular basis and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash and cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurances that access to our cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets.

For our Concerts segment, we generally receive cash related to ticket revenue at our owned or operated venues in advance of the event, which is recorded in deferred revenue until the event occurs. With the exception of some upfront costs and artist deposits, which are recorded in prepaid expenses until the event occurs, we pay the majority of event-related expenses at or after the event.

We view our available cash as cash and cash equivalents, less ticketing-related client cash, less event-related deferred revenue, less accrued expenses due to artists and cash collected on behalf of others, plus event-related prepaid expenses. This is essentially our cash available to, among other things, repay debt balances, make acquisitions, pay artist advances and finance capital expenditures.

Our intra-year cash fluctuations are impacted by the seasonality of our various businesses. Examples of seasonal effects include our Concerts segment, which reports the majority of its revenue in the second and third quarters. Cash inflows and outflows depend on the timing of event-related payments but the majority of the inflows generally occur prior to the event. See “—Seasonality” below. We believe that we have sufficient financial flexibility to fund these fluctuations and to access the global capital markets on satisfactory terms and in adequate amounts, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case, and capital could be less accessible and/or more costly given current economic conditions. We expect cash flows from operations and borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, along with other financing alternatives, to satisfy working capital requirements, capital expenditures and debt service requirements for at least the succeeding year.

We may need to incur additional debt or issue equity to make other strategic acquisitions or investments. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. We may make significant acquisitions in the near term, subject to limitations imposed by our financing agreements and market conditions.

The lenders under our revolving loans consist of banks and other third-party financial institutions. While we currently have no indications or expectations that such lenders will be unable to fund their commitments as required, we can provide no assurances that future funding availability will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. Should an individual lender default on its obligations, the remaining lenders would not be required to fund the shortfall, resulting in a reduction in the total amount available to us for future borrowings, but would remain obligated to fund their own commitments.

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Sources of Cash

Senior Secured Credit Facility

In March 2018, we amended our term loan B under the senior secured credit facility to reduce the applicable interest rate. At June 30, 2018, our senior secured credit facility consists of (i) a $190 million term loan A facility, (ii) a $970 million term loan B facility and (iii) a $365 million revolving credit facility. Subject to certain conditions, we have the right to increase the facility by an amount equal to the sum of $625 million and the aggregate principal amount of voluntary prepayments of the term B loans and permanent reductions of the revolving credit facility commitments, in each case, other than from proceeds of long-term indebtedness, and additional amounts so long as the senior secured leverage ratio calculated on a pro-forma basis (as defined in the agreement) is no greater than 3.25x. The revolving credit facility provides for borrowing up to the amount of the facility with sublimits of up to (i) $150 million for the issuance of letters of credit, (ii) $50 million for swingline loans, (iii) $200 million for borrowings in Euros and British Pounds and (iv) $50 million for borrowings in one or more other approved currencies. The senior secured credit facility is secured by (i) a first priority lien on substantially all of our tangible and intangible personal property of our domestic subsidiaries that are guarantors and (ii) a pledge of substantially all of the shares of stock, partnership interests and limited liability company interests of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of each class of capital stock of any first-tier foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions.

The interest rates per annum applicable to revolving credit facility loans and the term loan A under the senior secured credit facility are, at our option, equal to either LIBOR plus 2.25% or a base rate plus 1.25%, subject to stepdowns based on our net leverage ratio. The amended interest rates per annum applicable to the term loan B are, at our option, equal to either LIBOR plus 1.75% or a base rate plus 0.75%. We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.5% per year on the undrawn portion available under the revolving credit facility, subject to a stepdown based on our net leverage ratio, and variable fees on outstanding letters of credit.

For the term loan A, we are required to make quarterly payments increasing over time from $4.8 million to $28.5 million with the balance due at maturity in October 2021. For the term loan B, we are required to make quarterly payments of $2.4 million with the balance due at maturity in October 2023. The revolving credit facility matures in October 2021. We are also required to make mandatory prepayments of the loans under the credit agreement, subject to specified exceptions, from excess cash flow, and with the proceeds of asset sales, debt issuances and other specified events.

5.625% Senior Notes

In March 2018, we issued $300 million principal amount of 5.625% senior notes due 2026. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15, beginning September 15, 2018, and the notes will mature on March 15, 2026. We may redeem some or all of the notes at any time prior to March 15, 2021 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption, plus a ‘make-whole’ premium. We may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes from proceeds of certain equity offerings prior to March 15, 2021, at a price equal to 105.625% of the aggregate principal amount being redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the date of redemption. In addition, on or after March 15, 2021, we may redeem some or all of the notes at any time at redemption prices that start at 104.219% of their principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. We must make an offer to redeem the notes at 101% of their aggregate principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date, if we experience certain defined changes of control.

2.5% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023

In March 2018, we issued $550 million principal amount of 2.5% senior notes due 2023. The notes pay interest semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15, beginning September 15, 2018, at a rate of 2.5% per annum. The notes will mature on March 15, 2023, and may not be redeemed by the Company prior to the maturity date. The notes will be convertible, under certain circumstances, until December 15, 2022, and on or after such date without condition, at an initial conversion rate of 14.7005 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, subject to adjustment, which represents a 54.4% conversion premium based on the last reported sale price of our common stock of $44.05 on March 19, 2018. Upon conversion, the notes may be settled in shares of common stock or, at our election, cash or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. Assuming we fully settled the notes in shares, the maximum number of shares that could be issued to satisfy the conversion is currently 8.1 million.

If we experience a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture governing the notes, the holders of the notes may require the Company to purchase for cash all or a portion of their notes, subject to specified exceptions, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

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Extinguishment of Debt

In the March 2018 refinancing noted above, we received total proceeds of $850.0 million from the notes which were used to repay $246.3 million of the outstanding principal amount of our 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2019 and to pay the related repurchase premium of $90.4 million on these notes along with accrued interest and fees of $20.8 million, leaving $492.5 million in additional cash available to repurchase the remaining outstanding principal of the 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2019 and for general corporate purposes. We recorded a $2.5 million loss on extinguishment of debt related to this refinancing.

Debt Covenants

Our senior secured credit facility contains a number of restrictions that, among other things, require us to satisfy a financial covenant and restrict our and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, make certain investments and acquisitions, repurchase our stock and prepay certain indebtedness, create liens, enter into agreements with affiliates, modify the nature of our business, enter into sale-leaseback transactions, transfer and sell material assets, merge or consolidate, and pay dividends and make distributions (with the exception of subsidiary dividends or distributions to the parent company or other subsidiaries on at least a pro-rata basis with any noncontrolling interest partners). Non-compliance with one or more of the covenants and restrictions could result in the full or partial principal balance of the credit facility becoming immediately due and payable. The senior secured credit facility agreement has one covenant, measured quarterly, that relates to total leverage. The consolidated total leverage covenant requires us to maintain a ratio of consolidated total funded debt to consolidated EBITDA (both as defined in the credit agreement) of 5.25x over the trailing four consecutive quarters through September 30, 2018. The consolidated total leverage ratio will reduce to 5.0x on December 31, 2018, 4.75x on December 31, 2019 and 4.5x on December 31, 2020.

The indentures governing our 4.875% senior notes, 5.375% senior notes and 5.625% senior notes contain covenants that limit, among other things, our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to incur certain additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock, make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments, sell certain assets, agree to any restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to us, merge, consolidate or sell all of our assets, create certain liens, and engage in transactions with affiliates on terms that are not on an arms-length basis. Certain covenants, including those pertaining to incurrence of indebtedness, restricted payments, asset sales, mergers, and transactions with affiliates will be suspended during any period in which the notes are rated investment grade by both rating agencies and no default or event of default under the indenture has occurred and is continuing. The 4.875% senior notes, the 5.375% senior notes and the 5.625% senior notes contain two incurrence-based financial covenants, as defined, requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 2.0x and a maximum secured indebtedness leverage ratio of 3.5x.

Some of our other subsidiary indebtedness includes restrictions on entering into various transactions, such as acquisitions and disposals, and prohibits payment of ordinary dividends. They also have financial covenants including minimum consolidated EBITDA to consolidated net interest payable, minimum consolidated cash flow to consolidated debt service and maximum consolidated debt to consolidated EBITDA, all as defined in the applicable debt agreements.

As of June 30, 2018, we believe we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants. We expect to remain in compliance with all of our debt covenants throughout 2018.

Uses of Cash

Acquisitions

When we make acquisitions, the acquired entity may have cash on its balance sheet at the time of acquisition. All amounts related to the use of cash for acquisitions discussed in this section are presented net of any cash acquired. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we used $93.3 million of cash primarily for the payment of contingent consideration related to an acquisition that occurred prior to the current accounting guidance for business combinations along with the acquisitions of controlling interests in a concert promotion business and various artist management businesses that are all located in the United States. As of the date of acquisition, the acquired businesses had a total of $18.1 million of cash on their balance sheets, primarily related to deferred revenue for future events.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we used $16.6 million of cash primarily for the acquisitions of a concert promotion business located in Italy and a ticketing business with locations in the Czech Republic and Poland. As of the date of acquisition, the acquired businesses had a total of $8.9 million of cash on their balance sheets, primarily related to deferred revenue for future events.

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Purchases and Sales of Noncontrolling Interests, net

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we used $131.1 million of cash primarily for the final payment due in connection with the 2017 acquisition of the remaining interests in a concert and festival promotion business located in the United States.

Capital Expenditures

Venue and ticketing operations are capital intensive businesses, requiring continual investment in our existing venues and ticketing systems in order to address audience and artist expectations, technological industry advances and various federal, state and/or local regulations.

We categorize capital outlays between maintenance capital expenditures and revenue generating capital expenditures. Maintenance capital expenditures are associated with the renewal and improvement of existing venues and technology systems, web development and administrative offices. Revenue generating capital expenditures generally relate to the construction of new venues, major renovations to existing buildings or buildings that are being added to our venue network, the development of new ticketing tools and technology enhancements. Revenue generating capital expenditures can also include smaller projects whose purpose is to increase revenue and/or improve operating income. Capital expenditures typically increase during periods when venues are not in operation since that is the time that such improvements can be completed.

Our capital expenditures, including accruals for amounts incurred but not yet paid for, but net of expenditures funded by outside parties such as landlords or replacements funded by insurance proceeds, consisted of the following:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017
	(in thousands)
Maintenance capital expenditures	$	41,090	$	55,695
Revenue generating capital expenditures	52,732		60,608
Total capital expenditures	$	93,822	$	116,303

Maintenance capital expenditures during the first six months of 2018 decreased from the same period of the prior year primarily due to costs incurred in 2017 related to the relocation of certain office facilities.

We currently expect capital expenditures to be approximately $250 million for the full year of 2018.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

During 2018, we have entered into new, or we have exercised options to extend existing, long-term operating leases for office space and venues. These new or extended non-cancelable lease agreements have added future minimum rental commitments of approximately $7.2 million for the remainder of 2018, $14.8 million for 2019, $13.9 million for 2020, $16.6 million for 2021, $16.9 million for 2022 and $179.2 million thereafter.

During 2018, we have entered into new, or we have renewed existing, long-term non-cancelable contracts with various artists and ticketing clients. These new or renewed non-cancelable contracts have added future minimum commitments of approximately $87.4 million for the remainder of 2018, $250.7 million for 2019, $122.8 million for 2020, $153.1 million for 2021, $151.9 million for 2022 and $68.7 million thereafter.

Cash Flows



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	519,826		$	804,709
Investing activities	$	(314,395	)	$	(171,940	)
Financing activities	$	314,731		$	(24,165	)

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities decreased $284.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year. During the first six months of 2018, our accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased

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less as compared to the same period of the prior year based on timing of payments. Our prepaid expenses increased due to higher event-related costs and we received more cash for future events, increasing deferred revenue.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities increased $142.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to increased acquisition payments and higher advances of notes receivable and payments for purchases of intangible assets partially offset by lower purchases of property, plant and equipment. See “—Uses of Cash” above for further discussion.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities increased $338.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to net proceeds from the refinancing of debt in March 2018 partially offset by an increase in purchases of noncontrolling interests. See “—Sources of Cash” above for further discussion.

Seasonality

Our Concerts and Sponsorship & Advertising segments typically experience higher operating income in the second and third quarters as our outdoor venues and festivals are primarily used in or occur from May through October. In addition, the timing of when tickets are sold and the tours of top-grossing acts can impact comparability of quarterly results year over year, although annual results may not be impacted. Our Ticketing segment revenue is impacted by fluctuations in the availability of events for sale to the public, which vary depending upon scheduling by our clients.

Cash flows from our Concerts segment typically have a slightly different seasonality as payments are often made for artist performance fees and production costs for tours in advance of the date the related event tickets go on sale. These artist fees and production costs are expensed when the event occurs. Once tickets for an event go on sale, we generally begin to receive payments from ticket sales at our owned or operated venues and festivals in advance of when the event occurs. We record these ticket sales as revenue when the event occurs.

Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks arising from changes in market rates and prices, including movements in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

We have operations in countries throughout the world. The financial results of our foreign operations are measured in their local currencies. Our foreign subsidiaries also carry certain net assets or liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than that subsidiary’s functional currency. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we have operations. Currently, we do not have significant operations in any hyper-inflationary countries. Our foreign operations reported operating income of $57.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. We estimate that a 10% change in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies would change our operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2018 by $5.7 million. As of June 30, 2018, our primary foreign exchange exposure included the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar. This analysis does not consider the implication such currency fluctuations could have on the overall economic conditions of the United States or other foreign countries in which we operate or on the results of operations of our foreign entities. In addition, the reported carrying value of our assets and liabilities, including the total cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign operations, will also be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

We primarily use forward currency contracts, in addition to options, to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk associated with short-term artist fee commitments. We also may enter into forward currency contracts to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted operating income. At June 30, 2018, we had forward currency contracts outstanding with a notional amount of $98.3 million.

Interest Rate Risk

Our market risk is also affected by changes in interest rates. We had $2.9 billion of total debt, excluding debt discounts and issuance costs, outstanding as of June 30, 2018, of which $1.8 billion was fixed-rate debt and $1.1 billion was floating-rate debt.

Based on the amount of our floating-rate debt as of June 30, 2018, each 25-basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would increase or decrease our annual interest expense and cash outlay by approximately $2.9 million when the floor rate is not applicable. This potential increase or decrease is based on the simplified assumption that the level of floating-rate debt

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remains constant with an immediate across-the-board increase or decrease as of June 30, 2018 with no subsequent change in rates for the remainder of the period.

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges

The ratio of earnings to fixed charges is as follows:



Six months ended June 30,		Year Ended December 31,
2018	2017	2017	2016	2015	2014
1.55	1.58	*	1.38	1.03	*


*	For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2014, fixed charges exceeded earnings before income taxes and fixed charges by $10.5 million and $104.0 million, respectively.

The ratio of earnings to fixed charges was computed on a total company basis. Earnings represent income before income taxes less equity in undistributed net income (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliates plus fixed charges. Fixed charges represent interest, amortization of debt discount, debt issuance costs and premium and the estimated interest portion of rental charges. Rental charges exclude variable rent expense for events in third-party venues.

Accounting Pronouncements

Information regarding recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements can be found in Item 1.—Financial Statements—Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Other Information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such difference could be material.

Management believes that the accounting estimates involved in business combinations, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, revenue recognition, and income taxes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, resulting from the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These critical accounting estimates, the judgments and assumptions and the effect if actual results differ from these assumptions are described in Part II Financial Information—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018.

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Required information is within Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Market Risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to our company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and our board of directors.

Based on their evaluation as of June 30, 2018, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are effective to ensure that (1) the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (2) the information we are required to disclose in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls will prevent all possible errors and fraud. Our disclosure controls and procedures are, however, designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at that reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information regarding our legal proceedings can be found in Part I Financial Information—Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 5—Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Part I Financial Information—Item 1A.—Risk Factors of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018, describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business which have the potential to materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We do not believe that there have been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The information in the Exhibit Index of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated into this Item 6 by reference.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on July 26, 2018.



LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

By:	/s/ Brian Capo
	Brian Capo
	Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Description

Incorporated by Reference

Filed

Here

with

Exhibit

No.

Form

File No.

Exhibit No.

Filing Date

2.1

Share Subscription Agreement and Other Covenants entered into as of May 1, 2018, by and among Live Nation Entertainment, Inc., Live Nation International Holdings B.V., Rock City, S.A., and Roberto Medina and certain other shareholders of Rock City, S.A.

8-K

001-32601

2.1

5/10/2018

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

32.1

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

32.2

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document.

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.

Live Nation - 10-Q quarterly report FY

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