3. Other recent developmentsA restructuring package has been introduced to improve profitability and offset the effects of the current downturn in light vehicle production. The costs and provisions for this package which are referred to in this report as "Unusual Items", have been charged to the third quarter results. The Unusual Items also include provisions for contractual, warranty and liability issues. The restructuring package mainly includes restructuring costs and asset write-offs of the Seat Sub-System division, severance costs related to the U.S. and the Swedish textile operations and additional costs incurred for the partial integration of a former OEA plant into the main U.S. inflator operations.The Unusual Items total $65 million. Of the amount, $24 million relates to write-offs of assets (incl. goodwill) and $39 million to provisions - in total $63 million - which have not had any effect on the quarter's cash-flow.4. Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn July, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS 142) which abolishes the requirement for annual amortization of goodwill and introduces a specific "Benchmark Assessment Process" for evaluating whether the value of goodwill has been impaired. The new accounting principle, which will be applicable to Autoliv beginning January 1, 2002, is expected to improve Autoliv's reported annual (both pre-tax and net) income by around $50 million and reduce the Company's effective tax rate to somewhere in the region of 35%. No additional impairment charges are expected under the new statement.In August 2001 the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 143 "Asset Retirement Obligations" ("SFAS 143") regarding non-temporary removal of long-lived asset from service, whether by sale, abandonment, recycling or other method of disposal.Under SFAS 143 qualifying asset retirement obligations resulting from legal obligations associated with retirement are recorded at present fair value when the liability is deemed probable, which for assets acquired subject to existing retirement obligations will entail recognition upon acquisition.The fair present value of the retirement obligations are recorded as an increase to long-lived assets, which is subsequently amortized using a systematic and rational allocation method. Under SFAS 143 the retirement obligation is accreted to future value over time, with the increase in obligation being recorded as interest expense.SFAS 143 will become effective the first day of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002, which for the Company will be January 1, 2003, with early application permitted. The transition impact will be recorded as a cumulative change in accounting policy as of the beginning of the fiscal year. Management does not expect that the adoption of SFAS 143 will have a material impact on the of the Company's results of operations or financial position.In October 2001 the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS 144"). SFAS 144 supercedes Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of ("SFAS 121")" and those sections of Accounting Principle Board Standard No. 30 "Reporting the Results of Operations" ("APB 30"), related to discontinued operations. The scope of SFAS 144 includes long-lived assets, or groups of assets, to be held and used as well as those which are to be disposed of by sale or by other method, but excludes a number of long-lived assets such as goodwill and intangible assets not being amortized under the application of SFAS 142. Under SFAS 144 the impairment test methodologies of SFAS 121 are essentially unchanged as the standard requires testing for impairment when indicators of impairment are in evidence, and that impairment losses are recognized only if the assets carrying value is not recoverable (based on undiscounted cash flows) and the carrying value of the long lived asset (group) is higher than the fair value.SFAS 144 is effective the first day of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001, which for the Company will be January 1, 2002, with early application encouraged. The Company currently accounts for Impairment of its long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS 121, and accordingly, management does not expect that the adoption of SFAS 144 will have a material impact on the of the Company's results of operations or financial position.