UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
OR
Commission file number: 814-01175
BAIN CAPITAL SPECIALTY FINANCE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(617) 516-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of August 5, 2020, the registrant had 64,562,265.27 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) (including those relating to current and future market conditions and trends in respect thereof) that are not historical facts are based on current expectations, estimates, projections, opinions and/or beliefs of the Company, BCSF Advisors, LP (the “Advisor”) and/or Bain Capital Credit, LP and its affiliated advisers (collectively, “Bain Capital Credit”). Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors and undue reliance should not be placed thereon. Certain information contained in this Quarterly Report constitutes “forward-looking statements,” which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “estimate,” “intend,” “continue,” “target,” or “believe” or the negatives thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. Due to various risks and uncertainties, actual events or results or the actual performance of the Company may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated in such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and are difficult to predict, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements including, without limitation, the risks, uncertainties and other factors we identify in the section entitled Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Although we believe that the assumptions on which these forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, some of those assumptions may be based on the work of third parties and any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate; as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could prove to be inaccurate. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a projection or forward-looking statement in this Quarterly Report should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. These risks and uncertainties include those described or identified in the section entitled Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements or any other information contained herein, except as required by applicable law. The safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which preclude civil liability for certain forward-looking statements, do not apply to the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report because we are an investment company.
3
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements
Bain Capital Specialty Finance, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets
6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
7
Consolidated Schedule of Investments
As of June 30, 2020
(In thousands)
(unaudited)
8
9
(1)The investments bear interest at a rate that may be determined by reference to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR” or “L”), the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR” or “E”), British Pound Sterling LIBOR Rate (“GBP LIBOR”), the Norwegian Interbank Offered Rate (“NIBOR” or “N”), the Copenhagen Interbank Offered Rate (“CIBOR” or “C”), Canadian Dollar LIBOR Rate (“CDOR LIBOR”), the Bank Bill Swap Rate ("BBSW"),the Bank Bill Swap Bid Rate ("BBSY"), or the Prime Rate (“Prime” or "P") and which reset daily, monthly, quarterly or semiannually. Investments or a portion thereof may bear Payment-in-Kind ("PIK"). For each, the Company has provided the PIK or the spread over LIBOR, EURIBOR, GBP LIBOR, NIBOR, CIBOR, CDOR, BBSW, BBSY, or Prime and the current weighted average interest rate in effect at June 30, 2020. Certain investments are subject to a LIBOR, EURIBOR, GBP LIBOR, NIBOR, CIBOR, CDOR, BBSW, BBSY, or Prime interest rate floor.
(2)The negative fair value is the result of the capitalized discount on the loan or the unfunded commitment being valued below par.
(3)Position or portion thereof is an unfunded loan commitment, and no interest is being earned on the unfunded portion. The investment may be subject to an unused/letter of credit facility fee.
(4)Percentages are based on the Company’s net assets of $1,020,953 as of June 30, 2020.
(5)The negative amortized cost is the result of the capitalized discount being greater than the principal amount outstanding on the loan.
(6)The investment is not a qualifying asset under Section 55(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Company may not acquire any non-qualifying asset unless, at the time of acquisition, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the Company’s total assets. As of June 30, 2020, non-qualifying assets totaled 17.2% of the Company’s total assets.
(7) Assets or a portion thereof are pledged as collateral for the BCSF Complete Financing Solution LLC. See Note 6 "Debt".
(8)Unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) on forward currency exchange contracts.
10
(9)The principal amount (par amount) for all debt securities is denominated in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted. £ represents Pound Sterling, € represents Euro, NOK represents Norwegian krone, AUD represents Australian, CAD represents Canadian Dollar and DKK represents Kroner.
(10)As defined in the 1940 Act, the Company is deemed to be an “Affiliated Investment” of the Company as the Company owns 5% or more of the portfolio company’s securities.
(11)As defined in the 1940 Act, the Company is deemed to “Control” this portfolio company as the Company either owns more than 25% of the portfolio company’s outstanding voting securities or has the power to exercise control over management or policies of such portfolio company.
(12)Assets or a portion thereof are pledged as collateral for the 2018-1 Issuer. See Note 6 "Debt".
(13)$7 of the total par amount for this security is at P+ 5.50%.
(14)Non-Income Producing.
(15)Loan includes interest rate floor of 1.00%.
(16)Loan includes interest rate floor of 0.75%.
(17)Loan includes interest rate floor of 0.50%.
(18)Loan includes interest rate floor of 0.00%.
(19)Security valued using unobservable inputs (Level 3).
(20)The Company holds non-controlling, affiliate interest in an aircraft-owning special purpose vehicle through this investment.
(21) Assets or a portion thereof are pledged as collateral for the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility. See Note 6 "Debt".
(22)The Company generally earns a higher interest rate on the “last out” tranche of debt, to the extent the debt has been allocated to “first out” and “last out” tranches, whereby the “first out” tranche will have priority as to the “last out” tranche with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due thereunder.
(23)$4 of the total par amount for this security is at P+ 5.50%.
(24)$127 of the total par amount for this security is at P+ 5.50%.
(25)Security exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), and may be deemed to be “restricted securities” under the Securities Act. As of June 30, 2020, the aggregate fair value of these securities is $136,383 or 13.36% of the Company’s net assets. The acquisition dates of the restricted securities are as follows:
(26)$554 of the total par amount for this security is at P+4.50%.
(27)$174 of the total par amount for this security is at P+ 4.75%.
(28) Assets or a portion thereof are pledged as collateral for the BCSF Complete Financing Solution Holdco LLC. See Note 6 "Debt".
(29)Assets or a portion thereof are pledged as collateral for the 2019-1 Issuer. See Note 6 "Debt".
(30)Cash equivalents include $26,230 of restricted cash.
(31)Loan includes interest rate floor of 2.00%.
(32)Loan includes interest rate floor of 1.50%.
(33)Asset has been placed on non-accrual.
(34)Denotes that all or a portion of the debt investment includes PIK interest during the period.
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As of December 31, 2019
Control Type
Industry
Portfolio Company
Investment Type
Spread Above Index (1)
Interest Rate
Maturity Date
Principal/Shares (9)
Cost
Market Value
% of NAV (4)
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
78,225
2,403,250
6,720
117,085
$2,527,055
$66,965
2,594,020
19
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
Currency Purchased
Currency Sold
Counterparty
Settlement Date
UnrealizedAppreciation (Depreciation) (8)
20
Acquisition Date
21
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization
Bain Capital Specialty Finance, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed on October 5, 2015 and commenced investment operations on October 13, 2016. The Company has elected to be treated and is regulated as a business development company (a “BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). In addition, for tax purposes the Company has elected to be treated and intends to operate in a manner so as to continuously qualify as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing concurrently with its election to be treated as a BDC. The Company is externally managed by BCSF Advisors, LP (the “Advisor” or “BCSF Advisors”), our investment adviser that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). The Advisor also provides the administrative services necessary for the Company to operate (in such capacity, the “Administrator” or “BCSF Advisors”).
On November 19, 2018, the Company closed its initial public offering (the “IPO”), which was a Qualified IPO, issuing 7,500,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $20.25 per share. Shares of common stock of the Company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BCSF” on November 15, 2018.
The Company’s primary focus is capitalizing on opportunities within its Advisor’s Senior Direct Lending Strategy, which seeks to provide risk-adjusted returns and current income to its stockholders by investing primarily in middle-market companies with between $10.0 million and $150.0 million in EBITDA. The Company focuses on senior investments with a first or second lien on collateral and strong structures and documentation intended to protect the lender. The Company generally seeks to retain voting control in respect of the loans or particular classes of securities in which the Company invests through maintaining affirmative voting positions or negotiating consent rights that allow the Company to retain a blocking position. The Company may also invest in mezzanine debt and other junior securities and in secondary purchases of assets or portfolios, as described below. Investments are likely to include, among other things, (i) senior first lien, stretch senior, senior second lien, unitranche, (ii) mezzanine debt and other junior investments and (iii) secondary purchases of assets or portfolios that primarily consist of middle-market corporate debt. The Company may also invest, from time to time, in equity securities, distressed debt, debtor-in-possession loans, structured products, structurally subordinate loans, investments with deferred interest features, zero-coupon securities and defaulted securities.
Our operations comprise only a single reportable segment.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The Company’s consolidated financial statements and related financial information have been prepared pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. These consolidated financial statements reflect adjustments that in the opinion of the Company are necessary for the fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented herein and are not necessarily indicative of the full fiscal year. The Company has determined it meets the definition of an investment company and follows the accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946 — Financial Services — Investment Companies. The functional currency of the Company is U.S. dollars and these consolidated financial statements have been prepared in that currency. Certain prior period information has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation and this had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or the consolidated results of operations as previously reported.
The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Basis of Consolidation
The Company will generally consolidate any wholly, or substantially, owned subsidiary when the design and purpose of the subsidiary is to act as an extension of the Company’s investment operations and to facilitate the execution of the Company’s investment strategy. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the results of its subsidiaries BCSF I, LLC, BCSF II-C, LLC, BCSF CFSH, LLC, BCSF CFS, LLC, BCC Middle Market CLO 2018-1, LLC, and BCC Middle Market CLO 2019-1, LLC in its consolidated financial statements. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Since the Company is an investment company, portfolio investments held by the Company are not consolidated into the consolidated financial statements. The portfolio investments held by the Company (including its investments held by consolidated subsidiaries) are included on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as investments at fair value.
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Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.
Valuation of Portfolio Investments
Investments for which market quotations are readily available are typically valued at such market quotations. Market quotations are obtained from an independent pricing service, where available. If a price cannot be obtained from an independent pricing service or if the independent pricing service is not deemed to be current with the market, certain investments held by the Company will be valued on the basis of prices provided by principal market makers. Generally, investments marked in this manner will be marked at the mean of the bid and ask of the independent broker quotes obtained. To validate market quotations, the Company utilizes a number of factors to determine if the quotations are representative of fair value, including the source and number of quotations. Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value, subject at all times to the oversight and approval of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”), based on, among other things, the input of the Advisor, the Company’s audit committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”) and one or more independent third-party valuation firms engaged by the Board.
With respect to unquoted portfolio investments, the Company will value each investment considering, among other measures, discounted cash flow models, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public and other factors. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, the Company will use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate and/or assist us in our valuation. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material.
With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, the Advisor will undertake a multi-step valuation process, which includes among other things, the below:
In following this approach, the types of factors that are taken into account in the fair value pricing of investments include, as relevant, but are not limited to: comparison to publicly traded securities, including factors such as yield, maturity and measures of credit quality; the enterprise value of a portfolio company; the nature and realizable value of any collateral; the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flows; and the markets in which the portfolio company does business. In cases where an independent valuation firm provides fair valuations for investments, the independent valuation firm provides a fair valuation report, a description of the methodology used to determine the fair value and their analysis and calculations to support their conclusion.
23
The Company applies ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), which establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with US GAAP and required disclosures of fair value measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company determines the fair value of investments consistent with its valuation policy. The Company discloses the fair value of its investments in a hierarchy which prioritizes and ranks the level of market observability used in the determination of fair value. In accordance with ASC 820, these levels are summarized below:
A financial instrument’s level within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuations of Level 2 investments are generally based on quotations received from pricing services, dealers or brokers. Consideration is given to the source and nature of the quotations and the relationship of recent market activity to the quotations provided.
Transfers between levels, if any, are recognized at the beginning of the reporting period in which the transfers occur. The Company evaluates the source of inputs used in the determination of fair value, including any markets in which the investments, or similar investments, are trading. When the fair value of an investment is determined using inputs from a pricing service (or principal market makers), the Company considers various criteria in determining whether the investment should be classified as a Level 2 or Level 3 investment. Criteria considered includes the pricing methodologies of the pricing services (or principal market makers) to determine if the inputs to the valuation are observable or unobservable, as well as the number of prices obtained and an assessment of the quality of the prices obtained. The level of an investment within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. However, the determination of what constitutes “observable” requires significant judgment.
The fair value assigned to these investments is based upon available information and may fluctuate from period to period. In addition, it does not necessarily represent the amount that might ultimately be realized upon sale. Due to inherent uncertainty of valuation, the estimated fair value of investments may differ from the value that would have been used had a ready market for the security existed, and the difference could be material.
Securities Transactions, Revenue Recognition and Expenses
The Company records its investment transactions on a trade date basis. The Company measures realized gains or losses by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment, using the specified identification method. Interest income, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is recorded on an accrual basis. Discount and premium to par value on investments acquired are accreted and amortized, respectively, into interest income over the life of the respective investment using the effective interest method. Commitment fees are recorded on an accrual basis and recognized as interest income. Loan origination fees, original issue discount and market discount or premium are capitalized and amortized against or accreted into interest income using the effective interest method or straight-line method, as applicable. For the Company’s investments in revolving bank loans, the cost basis of the investment purchased is adjusted for the cash received for the discount on the total balance committed. The fair value is also adjusted for price appreciation or depreciation on the unfunded portion. As a result, the purchase of commitments not completely funded may result in a negative value until it is offset by the future amounts called and funded. Upon prepayment of a loan or debt security, any prepayment premium, unamortized upfront loan origination fees and unamortized discount are recorded as interest income.
Dividend income on preferred equity investments is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Dividend income on common equity investments is recorded on the record date for private portfolio companies and on the ex-dividend date for publicly traded portfolio companies. Distributions received from an equity interest, limited liability company or a limited partnership investment are evaluated to determine if the distribution should be recorded as dividend income or a return of capital.
Certain investments may have contractual payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest or dividends. PIK represents accrued interest or accumulated dividends that are added to the loan principal of the investment on the respective interest or dividend payment dates rather than being paid in cash and generally becomes due at maturity or upon being called by the issuer. PIK is recorded as interest or dividend income, as applicable. If at any point the Company believes PIK is not expected to be realized, the investment generating PIK will be placed on non-accrual status. Accrued PIK interest or dividends are generally reversed through interest or dividend income, respectively, when an investment is placed on non-accrual status.
24
Certain structuring fees and amendment fees are recorded as other income when earned. Administrative agent fees received by the Company are recorded as other income when the services are rendered.
Expenses are recorded on an accrual basis.
Non-Accrual Loans
Loans or debt securities are placed on non-accrual status when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected. Accrued interest generally is reversed when a loan or debt security is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans or debt securities may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment. Non-accrual loans and debt securities are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest are paid and, in management’s judgment, principal and interest payments are likely to remain current. The Company may make exceptions to this treatment if a loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, three and two loans have been placed on non-accrual status, respectively.
Distributions
Distributions to common stockholders are recorded on the record date. The amount to be distributed, if any, is determined by the Board each quarter, and is generally based upon the earnings estimated by the Advisor. Distributions from net investment income and net realized capital gains are determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations, which may differ from those amounts determined in accordance with US GAAP. The Company may pay distributions to its stockholders in a year in excess of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain for that year and, accordingly, a portion of such distributions may constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This excess generally would be a tax-free return of capital in the period and generally would reduce the stockholder’s tax basis in its shares. These book/tax differences are either temporary or permanent in nature. To the extent these differences are permanent, they are charged or credited to paid-in capital in excess of par, accumulated undistributed net investment income or accumulated net realized gain (loss), as appropriate, in the period that the differences arise. Temporary and permanent differences are primarily attributable to differences in the tax treatment of certain loans and the tax characterization of income and non-deductible expenses.
The Company intends to timely distribute to its stockholders substantially all of its annual taxable income for each year, except that the Company may retain certain net capital gains for reinvestment and, depending upon the level of the Company’s taxable income earned in a year, the Company may choose to carry forward taxable income for distribution in the following year and incur applicable U.S. federal excise tax. The specific tax characteristics of the Company’s distributions will be reported to stockholders after the end of the calendar year. All distributions will be subject to available funds, and no assurance can be given that the Company will be able to declare such distributions in future periods.
The Company distributes net capital gains (i.e., net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses), if any, at least annually out of the assets legally available for such distributions. However, the Company may decide in the future to retain such capital gains for investment, incur a corporate-level tax on such capital gains, and elect to treat such capital gains as deemed distributions to stockholders.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan that provides for the reinvestment of cash dividends and distributions. Prior to the IPO, stockholders who elected to “opt in” to the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan had their cash dividends and distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock, rather than receiving cash dividends and distributions.
Subsequent to the IPO, stockholders who do not “opt out” of the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan will have their cash dividends and distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock, rather than receiving cash dividends and distributions.
25
Offering Costs
Offering costs consist primarily of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the offering of shares, legal, printing and other costs associated with the preparation and filing of applicable registration statements. To the extent such expenses relate to equity offerings, these expenses are charged as a reduction of paid-in-capital upon each such offering.
Cash, Restricted Cash, and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits held at custodian banks and highly liquid investments, such as money market funds, with original maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost or amortized cost, which approximates fair value. The Company may deposit its cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions and, at certain times, such balances may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. Cash equivalents are presented separately on the consolidated schedules of investments. Restricted cash is collected and held by the trustee who has been appointed as custodian of the assets securing certain of the Company’s financing transactions.
Foreign Currency Translation
The accounting records of the Company are maintained in U.S. dollars. The fair values of foreign securities, foreign cash and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated to U.S. dollars based on the current exchange rates at the end of each business day. Income and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at current exchange rates when accrued or incurred. Unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency holdings and non-investment assets and liabilities attributable to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates are included in the net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on foreign currency translation on the consolidated statements of operations. Net realized gains and losses on foreign currency holdings and non-investment assets and liabilities attributable to changes in foreign currency exchange rates are included in net realized gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions on the consolidated statements of operations. The portion of both realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments that result from changes in foreign currency exchange rates is not separately disclosed, but is included in net realized gain (loss) on investments and net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments, respectively, on the consolidated statements of operations.
Forward Currency Exchange Contracts
The Company may enter into forward currency exchange contracts to reduce the Company’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies. A forward currency exchange contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a currency at a set price on a future date. The Company does not utilize hedge accounting and as such the Company recognizes the value of its derivatives at fair value on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities with changes in the net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on forward currency exchange contracts recorded on the consolidated statements of operations. Forward currency exchange contracts are valued using the prevailing forward currency exchange rate of the underlying currencies. Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on forward currency exchange contracts are recorded on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities by counterparty on a net basis, not taking into account collateral posted which is recorded separately, if applicable. Cash collateral maintained in accounts held by counterparties is included in collateral on forward currency exchange contracts on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. Notional amounts and the gross fair value of forward currency exchange contracts assets and liabilities are presented separately on the consolidated schedules of investments.
Changes in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) are recorded on the consolidated statements of operations in net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on forward currency exchange contracts. Net realized gains and losses are recorded on the consolidated statements of operations in net realized gain (loss) on forward currency exchange contracts. Realized gains and losses on forward currency exchange contracts are determined using the difference between the fair market value of the forward currency exchange contract at the time it was opened and the fair market value at the time it was closed or covered. Additionally, losses, up to the fair value, may arise if the counterparties do not perform under the contract terms.
Deferred Financing Costs and Debt Issuance Costs
The Company records costs related to issuance of revolving debt obligations as deferred financing costs. These costs are deferred and amortized using the straight-line method over the stated maturity life of the obligation. The Company records costs related to the issuance of term debt obligations as debt issuance costs. These costs are deferred and amortized using the effective interest method. These costs are presented as a reduction to the outstanding principal amount of the term debt obligations on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a RIC under the Code. So long as the Company maintains its status as a RIC, it will generally not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes at least annually as dividends to its stockholders. As a result, any tax liability related to income earned and distributed by the Company represents obligations of the Company’s stockholders and will not be reflected in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
26
The Company intends to comply with the applicable provisions of the Code pertaining to RICs and to make distributions of taxable income sufficient to relieve it from substantially all federal income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes is required in the consolidated financial statements. For income tax purposes, distributions made to stockholders are reported as ordinary income, capital gains, non-taxable return of capital, or a combination thereof. The tax character of distributions paid to stockholders through June 30, 2020 may include return of capital, however, the exact amount cannot be determined at this point. The final determination of the tax character of distributions will not be made until the Company files our tax return for the tax year ending December 31, 2020. The character of income and gains that the Company distributes is determined in accordance with income tax regulations that may differ from GAAP. BCSF I, LLC, BCSF II-C, LLC, BCSF CFSH, LLC, BCSF CFS, LLC, BCC Middle Market CLO 2018-1, LLC, and BCC Middle Market CLO 2019-1, LLC are disregarded entities for tax purposes and are consolidated with the tax return of the Company.
The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing its consolidated financial statements to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold are reversed and recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. All penalties and interest associated with income taxes, if any, are included in income tax expense. Conclusions regarding tax positions are subject to review and may be adjusted at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, on-going analyses of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof. Management has analyzed the Company’s tax positions and has concluded that no liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions on returns to be filed by the Company for all open tax years should be recorded. The Company identifies its major tax jurisdiction as the United States, and the Company is not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will change materially in the next 12 months. As of June 30, 2020, the tax years that remain subject to examination are from 2016 forward.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 is part of the disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements, requires entities to disclose new information, and modifies existing disclosure requirements. The guidance has been adopted and the adoption did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
Note 3. Investments
The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio, at amortized cost and fair value as of June 30, 2020 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments):
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The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio, at amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2019 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments):
The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio by geographic region, at amortized cost and fair value as of June 30, 2020 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments):
The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio by geographic region, at amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2019 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments):
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The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio by industry, at amortized cost and fair value as of June 30, 2020 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments):
(1) Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (“FIRE”).
The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio by industry, at amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2019 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments):
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Antares Bain Capital Complete Financing Solution
Prior to April 30, 2019, the Company was party to a limited liability company agreement with Antares Midco Inc. (“Antares”) pursuant to which it invested in ABC Complete Financing Solution LLC, which made investments through its subsidiary, Antares Bain Capital Complete Financing Solution LLC (together with ABC Complete Financing Solution LLC, “ABCS”). ABCS, an unconsolidated Delaware limited liability company, was formed on September 27, 2017 and commenced operations on November 29, 2017. ABCS’ principal purpose was to make investments, primarily in senior secured unitranche loans. The Company recorded its investment in ABCS at fair value. Distributions of income received from ABCS, if any, were recorded as dividend income from controlled affiliate investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Distributions received from ABCS in excess of income earned at ABCS, if any, were recorded as a return of capital and reduced the amortized cost of controlled affiliate investments.
The Company and Antares, as members of ABCS, agreed to contribute capital up to (subject to the terms of their agreement) $950.0 million in aggregate to purchase equity interests in ABCS, with the Company and Antares contributing up to $425.0 million and $525.0 million, respectively. Funding of such commitments generally required the consent of both Antares Credit Opportunities Manager LLC and the Advisor on behalf of Antares and the Company, respectively. ABCS was capitalized with capital contributions from its members on a pro-rata basis based on their maximum capital contributions as transactions were funded after they had been approved.
Investment decisions of ABCS required the consent of both the Advisor and Antares Credit Opportunities Manager LLC, as representatives of the Company and Antares, respectively. Each of the Advisor and Antares sourced investments for ABCS.
On April 30, 2019, the Company formed BCSF Complete Financing Solution Holdco, LLC (“BCSF CFSH, LLC”) and BCSF Complete Financing Solution, LLC (“BCSF Unitranche” or “BCSF CFS, LLC”), wholly-owned, newly-formed, subsidiaries. The Company received its proportionate share of all assets which represented 44.737% of ABCS. The portfolio of investments that was distributed comprised of 25 senior secured unitranche loans with a fair value of $919.0 million and cash of $3.2 million. The Company also assumed the obligation to fund outstanding unfunded commitments of $31.4 million. In connection with the distribution, the Company recognized a realized gain of $0.3 million. The Company is no longer a member of ABCS. The assets the Company received from ABCS have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
In conjunction with the distribution from ABCS, on April 30, 2019, BCSF CFS, LLC entered into a loan and security agreement (the “JPM Credit Agreement” or the “JPM Credit Facility”) as borrower, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Collateral Administrator, Collateral Agent, Securities Intermediary and Bank. On the date of the ABCS distribution, the Company had $577.5 million outstanding on the JPM Credit Facility. See Note 6 for additional information on the JPM Credit Facility.
Below is selected statements of operations information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019:
Selected Statements of Operations Information
(1) The ABCS distribution was effective April 30, 2019.
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Note 4. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Disclosures
The following table presents fair value measurements of investments by major class, cash equivalents and derivatives as of June 30, 2020, according to the fair value hierarchy:
The following table presents fair value measurements of investments by major class, cash equivalents and derivatives as of December 31, 2019, according to the fair value hierarchy:
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for investments that use Level 3 inputs for the six months ended June 30, 2020:
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Transfers between levels, if any, are recognized at the beginning of the quarter in which transfers occur. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 were primarily due to decreased price transparency. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 were primarily due to increased price transparency.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for investments that use Level 3 inputs for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
Transfers between levels, if any, are recognized at the beginning of the quarter in which transfers occur. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 were primarily due to decreased price transparency. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 were primarily due to increased price transparency.
Significant Unobservable Inputs
ASC 820 requires disclosure of quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. Disclosure of this information is not required in circumstances where a valuation (unadjusted) is obtained from a third-party pricing service and the information regarding the unobservable inputs is not reasonably available to the Company and as such, the disclosures provided below exclude those investments valued in that manner.
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The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements of assets as of June 30, 2020 were as follows:
The Company used the income approach and market approach to determine the fair value of certain Level 3 assets as of June 30, 2020. The significant unobservable inputs used in the income approach are the comparative yield and discount rate. The comparative yield and discount rate are used to discount the estimated future cash flows expected to be received from the underlying investment. An increase/decrease in the comparative yield or discount rate would result in a decrease/increase, respectively, in the fair value. The significant unobservable inputs used in the market approach is the comparable company multiple and the recovery rate. The multiple is used to estimate the enterprise value of the underlying investment. An increase/decrease in the multiple would result in an increase/decrease, respectively, in the fair value. The recovery rate represents the extent to which proceeds can be recovered. An increase/decrease in the recovery rate would result in an increase/decrease, respectively, in the fair value.
The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements of assets as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
Range of SignificantUnobservable Inputs(Weighted Average
(2))
The Company used the income approach and market approach to determine the fair value of certain Level 3 assets as of December 31, 2019. The significant unobservable input used in the income approach is the comparative yield. The significant unobservable inputs used in the income approach are the comparative yield and discount rate. The comparative yield and discount rate are used to discount the estimated future cash flows expected to be received from the underlying investment. An increase/decrease in the comparative yield or discount rate would result in a decrease/increase, respectively, in the fair value. The significant unobservable input used in the market approach is the comparable company multiple. The multiple is used to estimate the enterprise value of the underlying investment. An increase/decrease in the multiple would result in an increase/decrease, respectively, in the fair value.
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The fair value of the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6), which is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximates the carrying value of such facility. The fair values of the 2018-1 Notes (as defined in Note 6), which are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximate the carrying value of such notes. The fair value of the JPM Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6), which is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximates the carrying value of such facility. The fair values of the 2019-1 Debt (as defined in Note 6), which are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximate the carrying value of such debt. The fair values of the 2023 Notes (as defined in Note 6), which are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020, approximate the carrying value of such notes.
Note 5. Related Party Transactions
Investment Advisory Agreement
The Company entered into the first amended and restated investment advisory agreement as of November 14, 2018 (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) with the Advisor, pursuant to which the Advisor manages the Company’s investment program and related activities. On November 28, 2018, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, approved a second amended and restated advisory agreement (the “Amended Advisory Agreement”) between the Company and BCSF Advisors, LP (“the Advisor”). On February 1, 2019, Shareholders approved the Amended Advisory Agreement which replaced the existing Investment Advisory Agreement.
Base Management Fee
The Company pays the Advisor a base management fee (the “Base Management Fee”), accrued and payable quarterly in arrears. The Base Management Fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1.5% (0.375% per quarter) of the average value of the Company’s gross assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents, but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) at the end of each of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. Such amount shall be appropriately adjusted (based on the actual number of days elapsed relative to the total number of days in such calendar quarter) for any share issuance or repurchases by the Company during a calendar quarter. The Base Management Fee for any partial quarter will be appropriately prorated. Effective February 1, 2019, the base management fee has been revised to a tiered management fee structure so that the base management fee of 1.5% (0.375% per quarter) of the average value of the Company’s gross assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents, but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) will continue to apply to assets held at an asset coverage ratio down to 200%, but a lower base management fee of 1.0% (0.25% per quarter) of the average value of the Company’s gross assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents, but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) will apply to any amount of assets attributable to leverage decreasing the Company’s asset coverage ratio below 200%.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 management fees were $8.6 million and $8.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 management fees were $17.4 million and $14.7 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, $0.0 million was contractually waived and $0.0 million was voluntarily waived. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, $0.0 million was contractually waived and $1.6 million was voluntarily waived. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, $0.0 million was contractually waived and $3.9 million was voluntarily waived.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, management fees payable were $8.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively.
Incentive Fee
For the periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the incentive fee consists of two parts that are determined independently of each other such that one component may be payable even if the other is not.
The first part, the Incentive Fee based on income (the “Income Fee”), is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears as detailed below.
The second part, the capital gains incentive fee, is determined and payable in arrears as detailed below.
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Incentive Fee on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
Pre-incentive fee net investment income means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that the Company receives from portfolio companies but excluding fees for providing managerial assistance) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus operating expenses for the quarter (including the Base Management Fee, any expenses payable under the Administration Agreement, and any interest expense and dividends paid on any outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Pre-incentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature such as market discount, original issue discount (“OID”), debt instruments with PIK interest, preferred stock with PIK dividends and zero-coupon securities, accrued income that the Company has not yet received in cash.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized or unrealized capital gains or losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation. Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that the Company may pay an incentive fee in a quarter where the Company incurs a loss. For example, if the Company receives pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the Hurdle rate for a quarter, the Company will pay the applicable incentive fee even if the Company has incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and unrealized capital losses.
Prior to the calendar quarter that commenced on January 1, 2019 the incentive on income was calculated as follows:
Beginning with the calendar quarter that commenced on January 1, 2019, the incentive fee based on income is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on the aggregate pre-incentive fee net investment income in respect of the current calendar quarter and the eleven preceding calendar quarters beginning with the calendar quarter that commenced on or after January 1, 2019 (or the appropriate portion thereof in the case of any of the Company’s first eleven calendar quarters that commence on or after January 1, 2019) (in either case, the “Trailing Twelve Quarters”). This calculation is referred to as the “Three-Year Lookback.”
With respect to any calendar quarter that commenced on or after January 1, 2019, pre-incentive fee net investment income in respect of the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters is compared to a “Hurdle Amount” equal to the product of (i) the hurdle rate of 1.5% per quarter (6% annualized) and (ii) the sum of our net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness and before taking into account any incentive fees payable during the period) at the beginning of each applicable calendar quarter comprising the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters. The Hurdle Amount will be calculated after making appropriate adjustments to our NAV at the beginning of each applicable calendar quarter for our subscriptions (which shall include all issuances by us of shares of our Common Stock, including issuances pursuant to the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan) and distributions during the applicable calendar quarter.
Commencing on January 1, 2019, the quarterly incentive fee based on income is calculated, subject to the Incentive Fee Cap (as defined below), based on the amount by which (A) aggregate pre-incentive fee net investment income in respect of the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters exceeds (B) the Hurdle Amount for such Trailing Twelve Quarters. The amount of the excess of (A) over (B) described in this paragraph for such Trailing Twelve Quarters is referred to as the “Excess Income Amount.” The incentive fee based on income that is paid to the Advisor in respect of a particular calendar quarter will equal the Excess Income Amount less the aggregate incentive fees based on income that were paid to the Advisor in the preceding eleven calendar quarters (or portion thereof) comprising the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters.
The incentive fee based on income for each calendar quarter is determined as follows:
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Incentive Fee Cap
With respect to any calendar quarter that commences on or after January 1, 2019, the incentive fee based on income is subject to a cap (the “Incentive Fee Cap”). The Incentive Fee Cap in respect of any calendar quarter is an amount equal to 17.5% of the Cumulative Net Return (as defined below) during the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters less the aggregate incentive fees based on income that were paid to the Advisor in the preceding eleven calendar quarters (or portion thereof) comprising the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters.
“Cumulative Net Return” during the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters means (x) the pre-incentive fee net investment income in respect of the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters less (y) any Net Capital Loss, if any, in respect of the relevant Trailing Twelve Quarters. If, in any quarter, the Incentive Fee Cap is zero or a negative value, the Company will pay no incentive fee based on income to the Advisor in respect of that quarter. If, in any quarter, the Incentive Fee Cap for such quarter is a positive value but is less than the incentive fee based on income that is payable to the Advisor for such quarter calculated as described above, the Company will pay an incentive fee based on income to the Advisor equal to the Incentive Fee Cap in respect of such quarter. If, in any quarter, the Incentive Fee Cap for such quarter is equal to or greater than the incentive fee based on income that is payable to the Advisor for such quarter calculated as described above, the Company will pay an incentive fee based on income to the Advisor equal to the incentive fee calculated as described above for such quarter without regard to the Incentive Fee Cap.
“Net Capital Loss” in respect of a particular period means the difference, if positive, between (i) aggregate capital losses, whether realized or unrealized, in respect of such period and (ii) aggregate capital gains, whether realized or unrealized, in respect of such period.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred $0.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively, of income incentive fees (before waivers), which are included in incentive fees on the consolidated statements of operations. The Advisor has voluntarily waived $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively, of the income incentive fees earned by the Advisor during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Such income incentive fee waiver is irrevocable and such waived income incentive fees will not be subject to recoupment in future periods. This income incentive fee waiver does not impact any income incentive fees earned by the Advisor in future periods.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred $0.0 million and $8.6 million, respectively, of income incentive fees (before waivers), which are included in incentive fees on the consolidated statements of operations. The Advisor has voluntarily waived $0.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of the income incentive fees earned by the Advisor during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. As a result of the income incentive fee waivers, the Company incurred $4.5 and $6.6 million of income incentive fees (after waivers) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Such income incentive fee waiver is irrevocable and such waived income incentive fees will not be subject to recoupment in future periods. This income incentive fee waiver does not impact any income incentive fees earned by the Advisor in future periods.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $0.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively, related to the income incentive fee accrued in incentive fee payable on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities.
Annual Incentive Fee Based on Capital Gains
The second part of the incentive fee is a capital gains incentive fee that will be determined and payable in arrears in cash as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the Amended Advisory Agreement, as of the termination date), and equals (i) 15% of our realized capital gains as of the end of the fiscal year prior to the IPO, and (ii) 17.5% of our realized capital gains as of the end of the fiscal year after the IPO. In determining the capital gains incentive fee payable to the Advisor, the Company calculates the cumulative aggregate realized capital gains and cumulative aggregate realized capital losses since our inception, and the aggregate unrealized capital depreciation as of the date of the calculation, as applicable, with respect to each of the investments in our portfolio. For this purpose, cumulative aggregate realized capital gains, if any, equals the sum of the differences between the net sales price of each investment, when sold, and the cost of such investment. Cumulative aggregate realized capital losses equals the sum of the amounts by which the net sales price of each investment, when sold, is less than the cost of such investment. Aggregate unrealized capital depreciation equals the sum of the difference, if negative, between the valuation of each investment as of the applicable calculation date and the cost of such investment. At the end of the applicable year, the amount of capital gains that serves as the basis for our calculation of the capital gains incentive fee equals the cumulative aggregate realized capital gains less cumulative aggregate realized capital losses, less aggregate unrealized capital depreciation, with respect to our portfolio of investments. If this number is positive at the end of such year, then the capital gains incentive fee for such year will equal 15% before the IPO or 17.5% after the IPO, as applicable, of such amount, less the aggregate amount of any capital gains incentive fees paid in respect of our portfolio in all prior years.
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Because the IPO occurred on a date other than the first day of a fiscal year, a capital gains incentive fee was calculated as of the day before the IPO, with such capital gains incentive fee paid to the Advisor following the end of the fiscal year in which the IPO occurred. For the avoidance of doubt, such capital gains incentive fee was equal to 15% of the Company’s realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception through the day before the IPO, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gains incentive fees. Following the IPO, solely for the purposes of calculating the capital gains incentive fee, the Company will be deemed to have previously paid capital gains incentive fees prior to the IPO equal to the product obtained by multiplying (a) the actual aggregate amount of previously paid capital gains incentive fees for all periods prior to the IPO by (b) the percentage obtained by dividing (x) 17.5% by (y) 15%. In the event that the Investment Advisory Agreement shall terminate as of a date that is not a fiscal year end, the termination date shall be treated as though it were a fiscal year end for purposes of calculating and paying a capital gains incentive fee.
There was no capital gains incentive fee payable to the Advisor under the Amended Advisory Agreement as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
US GAAP requires that the incentive fee accrual consider the cumulative aggregate unrealized capital appreciation of investments or other financial instruments in the calculation, as an incentive fee would be payable if such unrealized capital appreciation were realized, even though such unrealized capital appreciation is not permitted to be considered in calculating the fee actually payable under the Amended Advisory Agreement (“GAAP Incentive Fee”). There can be no assurance that such unrealized appreciation will be realized in the future. Accordingly, such fee, as calculated and accrued, would not necessarily be payable under the Amended Advisory Agreement, and may never be paid based upon the computation of incentive fees in subsequent period.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred no incentive fees related to the GAAP Incentive Fee. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred no incentive fees related to the GAAP Incentive Fee. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $0.0 million and $0.0 million related to the GAAP Incentive Fee accrued in incentive fee payable on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities, respectively.
Administration Agreement
The Company has entered into an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with the advisor (in such capacity, the “Administrator”), pursuant to which the Administrator will provide the administrative services necessary for us to operate, and the Company will utilize the Administrator’s office facilities, equipment and recordkeeping services. Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, the Administrator has agreed to oversee our public reporting requirements and tax reporting and monitor our expenses and the performance of professional services rendered to us by others. The Administrator has also hired a sub-administrator to assist in the provision of administrative services. The Company will reimburse the Administrator for its costs and expenses and our allocable portion of overhead incurred by it in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including certain compensation paid to or compensatory distributions received by our officers (including our Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer) and any of their respective staff who provide services to us, operations staff who provide services to us, and internal audit staff, if any, to the extent internal audit performs a role in our Sarbanes-Oxley internal control assessment. Our allocable portion of overhead will be determined by the Administrator, which expects to use various methodologies such as allocation based on the percentage of time certain individuals devote, on an estimated basis, to the business and affairs of the Company, and will be subject to oversight by the Board. The Company incurred expenses related to the Administrator of $0.0 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in other general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company incurred expenses related to the Administrator of $0.0 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in other general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $0.0 and $0.0 in expenses related to the Administrator that were payable and included in “accounts payable and accrued expenses” in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities, respectively. The sub-administrator is paid its compensation for performing its sub-administrative services under the sub-administration agreement. The Company incurred expenses related to the sub-administrator of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in other general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company incurred expenses related to the sub-administrator of $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in other general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. The Administrator will not seek reimbursement in the event that any such reimbursements would cause any distributions to our stockholders to constitute a return of capital. In addition, the Administrator is permitted to delegate its duties under the Administration Agreement to affiliates or third parties and the Company will reimburse the expenses of these parties incurred and paid by the Advisor on our behalf.
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Resource Sharing Agreement
The Company’s investment activities are managed by the Advisor, an investment adviser that is registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act. The Advisor is responsible for originating prospective investments, conducting research and due diligence investigations on potential investments, analyzing investment opportunities, negotiating and structuring our investments and monitoring our investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis.
The Advisor has entered into a Resource Sharing Agreement (the “Resource Sharing Agreement”) with Bain Capital Credit, LP (“Bain Capital Credit”), pursuant to which Bain Capital Credit provides the Advisor with experienced investment professionals (including the members of the Advisor’s Credit Committee) and access to the resources of Bain Capital Credit so as to enable the Advisor to fulfill its obligations under the Amended Advisory Agreement. Through the Resource Sharing Agreement, the Advisor intends to capitalize on the significant deal origination, credit underwriting, due diligence, investment structuring, execution, portfolio management and monitoring experience of Bain Capital Credit’s investment professionals. There can be no assurance that Bain Capital Credit will perform its obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. The Resource Sharing Agreement may be terminated by either party on 60 days’ notice, which if terminated may have a material adverse consequence on the Company’s operations.
Co-investments
The Company will invest alongside our affiliates, subject to compliance with applicable regulations and our allocation procedures. Certain types of negotiated co-investments will be made only in accordance with the terms of the exemptive order the Company received from the SEC initially on August 23, 2016, as amended on March 23, 2018 (the “Order”). Under the terms of the Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors must be able to reach certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that (1) the terms of the proposed transaction are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching of our or its stockholders on the part of any person concerned, and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our Board’s approved criteria. In certain situations where co-investment with one or more funds managed by the Advisor or its affiliates is not covered by the Order, the personnel of the Advisor or its affiliates will need to decide which funds will proceed with the investment. Such personnel will make these determinations based on policies and procedures, which are designed to reasonably ensure that investment opportunities are allocated fairly and equitably among affiliated funds over time and in a manner that is consistent with applicable laws, rules and regulations.
Revolving Advisor Loan
On March 27, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured revolving loan agreement (the “Revolving Advisor Loan”) with BCSF Advisors, LP, the investment adviser of the Company. The Revolving Advisor Loan has a maximum credit limit of $50.0 million and a maturity date of March 27, 2023. The Revolving Advisor Loan accrues interest at the Applicable Federal Rate from the date of such loan until the loan is repaid in full. Please Note 6 for additional details.
Related Party Commitments
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Advisor held 487,326.10 and 389,695.20 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively. An affiliate of the Advisor is the investment manager to certain pooled investment vehicles which are investors in the Company. Collectively, these investors held 12,875,920.66 and 9,539,043.66 shares of the Company at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Non-Controlled/Affiliate and Controlled Affiliate Investments
Transactions during the six months ended June 30, 2020 in which the issuer was either an Affiliated Person or an Affiliated Person that the Company is deemed to Control are as follows:
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(1) Non-income producing.
Transactions during the year ended December 31, 2019 in which the issuer was either an Affiliated Person or an Affiliated Person a portfolio company that the Company is deemed to Control are as follows:
Note 6. Debt
In accordance with applicable SEC staff guidance and interpretations, as a BDC, with certain exceptions, effective February 2, 2019, the Company is permitted to borrow amounts such that its asset coverage ratio is at least 150% after such borrowing (if certain requirements are met), rather than 200%, as previously required. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company’s asset coverage ratio based on aggregated borrowings outstanding was 166% and 164%, respectively.
The Company’s outstanding borrowings as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:
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The combined weighted average interest rate (excluding deferred upfront financing costs and unused fees) of the aggregate borrowings outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and year ended December 31, 2019 were 3.9% and 4.7%, respectively.
The following table shows the contractual maturities of our debt obligations as of June 30, 2020:
BCSF Revolving Credit Facility
On October 4, 2017, the Company entered into the revolving credit agreement (the “BCSF Revolving Credit Facility”) with us, as equity holder, BCSF I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned and consolidated subsidiary of the Company, as borrower, and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as sole lead arranger (“Goldman Sachs”). The BCSF Revolving Credit Facility was subsequently amended on May 15, 2018 to reflect certain clarifications regarding margin requirements and hedging currencies. The maximum commitment amount under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility is $500.0 million, and may be increased up to $750.0 million. Proceeds of the loans under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility may be used to acquire certain qualifying loans and such other uses as permitted under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility. The BCSF Revolving Credit Facility includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, including certain limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, as well as usual and customary events of default for revolving credit facilities of this nature.
On January 8, 2020, the Company entered into an amended and restated credit agreement of its BCSF Revolving Credit Facility. The amendment amended the existing credit facility to, among other things, modify various financial covenants, including removing a liquidity covenant and adding a net asset value covenant with respect to the Company, as sponsor.
On March 31, 2020, the Parties entered into Omnibus Amendment No. 1 to the amended and restated credit agreement. The amendment amended the existing credit facility to, among other things, provide for enhanced flexibility to purchase or contribute and borrow against revolving loans and delayed draw term loans, and to count certain additional assets in the calculation of collateral for the outstanding advances; increase the spread payable under the facility from 2.50% to 3.25% per annum; include additional events of default to the existing credit facility, including but not limited to, a qualified equity raise not effected on or prior to June 22, 2020; and, after June 22, 2020, require the Company to maintain at least $50.0 million of unencumbered liquidity or pay down the facility by at least $50.0 million.
On May 27, 2020, the Parties entered into Amendment No. 2 to the amended and restated credit agreement. The amendment amended the existing credit facility to, among other things, (i) permit the Company to incur a lien on assets purchased with the proceeds of the rights offering and (ii) remove the requirement that the Company maintain $50.0 million in unencumbered cash after the completion of the rights offering, instead requiring a pay down of $50.0 million within two business days after the closing of the rights offering.
Assets that are pledged as collateral for the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility are not directly available to the creditors of the Company to satisfy any obligations of the Company other than the Company’s obligations under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility.
Borrowings under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin. As of June 30, 2020, the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility was accruing interest expense at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.25%. As of December 31, 2019, the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility was accruing interest expense at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.50%. The Company pays an unused commitment fee of 30 basis points (0.30%) per annum. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. Any amounts borrowed under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility, and all accrued and unpaid interest, will be due and payable, on the earliest of: (a) October 5, 2022 and (b) the date upon which all loans shall become due and payable in full, whether by acceleration or otherwise.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $323.3 million and $268.0 million borrowings under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility, respectively, and the Company was in compliance with the terms of the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility.
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For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility were as follows:
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility were as follows:
2018-1 Notes
On September 28, 2018, (the “2018-1 Closing Date”), we, through BCC Middle Market CLO 2018-1 LLC (the “2018-1 Issuer”), a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned and consolidated subsidiary of the Company, completed its $451.2 million term debt securitization (the “CLO Transaction”). The notes issued in connection with the CLO Transaction (the “2018-1 Notes”) are secured by a diversified portfolio of the 2018-1 Issuer consisting primarily of middle market loans, the majority of which are senior secured loans (the “2018-1 Portfolio”). At the 2018-1 Closing Date, the 2018-1 Portfolio was comprised of assets transferred from the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All transfers were eliminated in consolidation and there were no realized gains or losses recognized in the CLO Transaction.
The CLO Transaction was executed through a private placement of the following 2018-1 Notes:
The Class A-1 A, A-1 B, A-2, B and C 2018-1 Notes were issued at par and are scheduled to mature on October 20, 2030. The Company received 100% of the membership interests (the “Membership Interests”) in the 2018-1 Issuer in exchange for its sale to the 2018-1 Issuer of the initial closing date loan portfolio. The Membership Interests do not bear interest. As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s Membership Interests are pledged as collateral to the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility.
The Class A-1 A, A-1 B, A-2, B and C 2018-1 Notes are included in the consolidated financial statements. The Membership Interests are eliminated in consolidation.
The Company serves as portfolio manager of the 2018-1 Issuer pursuant to a portfolio management agreement between the Company and the 2018-1 Issuer. For so long as the Company serves as portfolio manager, the Company will not charge any management fee or subordinated interest to which it may be entitled.
During the reinvestment period (four years from the closing date of the CLO Transaction), pursuant to the indenture governing the 2018-1 Notes, all principal collections received on the underlying collateral may be used by the 2018-1 Issuer to purchase new collateral under the direction of the Company in its capacity as portfolio manager of the 2018-1 Issuer and in accordance with the 2018-1 Issuer’s investment strategy and the terms of the indenture.
The Company has agreed to hold on an ongoing basis the Membership Interests with an aggregate dollar purchase price of at least equal to 5% of the aggregate amount of all obligations issued by the 2018-1 Issuer for so long as the 2018-1 Notes remain outstanding.
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The 2018-1 Issuer pays ongoing administrative expenses to the trustee, independent accountants, legal counsel, rating agencies and independent managers in connection with developing and maintaining reports and providing required services in connection with the administration of the 2018-1 Issuer.
As of June 30, 2020, there were 60 first lien and second lien senior secured loans with a total fair value of approximately $414.8 million and cash of $9.9 million securing the 2018-1 Notes. As of December 31, 2019, there were 61 first lien and second lien senior secured loans with a total fair value of approximately $435.8 million and cash of $9.1 million securing the 2018-1 Notes. Assets that are pledged as collateral for the 2018-1 Notes are not directly available to the creditors of the Company to satisfy any obligations of the Company other than the Company’s obligations under the indenture governing the 2018-1 Notes. Such assets are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The creditors of the 2018-1 Issuer have received security interests in such assets and such assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of the Company (or an affiliate of the Company). The 2018-1 Portfolio must meet certain requirements, including asset mix and concentration, term, agency rating, collateral coverage, minimum coupon, minimum spread and sector diversity requirements in the indenture governing the 2018-1 Notes. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with its covenants related to the 2018-1 Notes.
Costs of $2.1 million were incurred in connection with debt securitization of the 2018-1 Notes by the 2018-1 Issuer which have been recorded as debt issuance costs and presented as a reduction to the outstanding principal amount of the 2018-1 Notes on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities and are being amortized over the life of the 2018-1 Issuer using the effective interest method. The balance of the unamortized debt issuance costs related to the 2018-1 Issuer was $1.8 million and $1.9 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2018-1 Issuer were as follows:
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2018-1 Issuer were as follows:
Citibank Revolving Credit Facility
On February 19, 2019, the Company entered into a credit and security agreement (the “Credit Agreement” or the “Citibank Revolving Credit Facility”) with the Company as equity holder and servicer, BCSF II-C, LLC as Borrower, Citibank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Collateral Administrator, Collateral Agent and Custodian. The Credit Agreement was effective as of February 19, 2019.
The facility amount under the Credit Agreement is $350.0 million. Proceeds of the loans under the Credit Agreement may be used to acquire certain qualifying loans and such other uses as permitted under the Credit Agreement. The period from the closing date until February 19, 2020 is referred to as the reinvestment period and during such reinvestment period, the Borrower may request drawdowns under the Credit Agreement. The final maturity date is the earliest of: (a) the business day designated by the Borrower as the final maturity date upon not less than three business days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Agent, the Lenders, the Custodian and the Collateral Administrator, (b) February 19, 2022 and (c) the date on which the Administrative Agent provides notice of the declaration of the final maturity date after the occurrence of an event of default. The Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, including certain limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, as well as usual and customary events of default for revolving credit facilities of this nature.
Borrowings under the Citibank Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin. During the period prior to the last day of the reinvestment period, borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.60%. Commencing on the last day of the reinvestment period, the interest rate on borrowings under the Credit Agreement will reset to three-month LIBOR plus 2.60% for the remaining term of the Credit Agreement. We pay an unused commitment fee based on a corresponding utilization rate; (i) 0 basis points (0.00%) per annum when greater than or equal to 85.0% utilization, (ii) 25 basis points (0.25%) per annum when greater than or equal to 75.0% but less than 85.0% utilization, (iii) 50 basis points (0.50%) per annum when greater than or equal to 50.0% but less than 75.0% utilization, (iv) 75 basis points (0.75%) per annum when greater than or equal to 25.0% but less than 50% utilization, or (v) 100 basis points (1.00%) per annum when less than 25.0% utilization.
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On August 28, 2019, the Citibank Revolving Credit Facility was terminated. The proceeds from the 2019-1 Debt were used to repay the total outstanding debt.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Citibank Revolving Credit Facility were as follows:
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Citibank Revolving Credit Facility were as follows:
JPM Credit Facility
On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (the “JPM Credit Agreement” or the “JPM Credit Facility”) as Borrower, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Collateral Administrator, Collateral Agent, Securities Intermediary and Bank. The facility amount under the JPM Credit Agreement was $666.6 million. Borrowings under the JPM Credit Facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.75%.
On January 29, 2020, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement (the "Amended Loan and Security Agreement") as Borrower, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Collateral Administrator, Collateral Agent, Securities Intermediary and Bank. The Amended Loan and Security Agreement amended the Existing Loan and Security Agreement to, among other things, (1) decrease the financing limit under the agreement from $666.6 million to $500.0 million; (2) decrease the minimum facility amount from $466.6 million to $300.0 million period from January 29, 2020 to July 29, 2020 (the minimum facility amount will increase to $350.0 million after July 29, 2020 until the end of the reinvestment period); (3) decrease the interest rate on financing from 2.75% per annum over the applicable LIBOR to 2.375% per annum over the applicable LIBOR; and (4) extend the scheduled termination date of the agreement from November 29, 2022 to January 29, 2025.
On March 20, 2020, the Company entered into a second amended and restated loan and security agreement between the parties (the "Second Amended Loan and Security Agreement"). The Second Amended Loan and Security Agreement, among other things, provides flexibility to contribute and borrow against revolving loans, reduce the amount required to be reserved for unfunded revolvers and delayed draw obligations and decreases the financing limit by $50.0 million within 90 days or, based on the occurrence of certain events, such earlier period as may be set forth in the Second Amended Loan and Security Agreement. The Company shall pay to the Administrative Agent $50.0 million to the prepayment of Advances and the Financing Commitments shall be reduced by the amount of principal so prepaid on the earlier of two Business days following the closing of the Rights Offering and June 18, 2020.
The facility amount under the JPM Credit Agreement is $450.0 million. Proceeds of the loans under the JPM Credit Facility may be used to acquire certain qualifying loans and such other uses as permitted under the JPM Credit Agreement. The period from the effective date of the amendment until January 29, 2023 is referred to as the reinvestment period and during such reinvestment period, the Borrower may request drawdowns under the JPM Credit Facility.
The maturity date is the earliest of: (a) January 29, 2025, (b) the date on which the secured obligations become due and payable following the occurrence of an event of default, (c) the date on which the advances are repaid in full and (d) the date after a market value cure failure occurs on which all portfolio investments have been sold and proceeds therefrom have been received by the Borrower. The stated maturity date of January 29, 2025 may be extended for successive one year periods by mutual agreement of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
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The JPM Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, including certain limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, as well as usual and customary events of default for revolving credit facilities of this nature.
Borrowings under the JPM Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin. As of June 30, 2020, the JPM Credit Facility was accruing interest expense at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.375%. The Company pays an unused commitment fee of between 37.5 basis points (0.375%) and 75 basis points (0.75%) per annum depending on the size of the unused portion of the facility. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $312.4 million and $546.8 million of borrowings under the JPM Credit Facility, respectively, and the Company was in compliance with the terms of the JPM Credit Facility.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the JPM Credit Facility were as follows:
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the JPM Credit Facility were as follows:
2019-1 Debt
On August 28, 2019, the Company, through BCC Middle Market CLO 2019-1 LLC (the “2019-1 Issuer”), a Cayman Islands limited liability company and a wholly-owned and consolidated subsidiary of the Company, and BCC Middle Market CLO 2019-1 Co-Issuer, LLC (the “Co-Issuer” and, together with the Issuer, the “Co-Issuers”), a Delaware limited liability company, completed its $501.0 million term debt securitization (the “2019-1 CLO Transaction”). The notes issued in connection with the 2019-1 CLO Transaction (the “2019-1 Notes”) are secured by a diversified portfolio of the Co-Issuers consisting primarily of middle market loans, the majority of which are senior secured loans (the “2019-1 Portfolio”). The Co-Issuers also issued Class A-1L Loans (the “Loans” and, together with the 2019-1 Notes, the “2019-1 Debt”). The Loans are also secured by the 2019-1 Portfolio. At the 2019-1 closing date, the 2019-1 Portfolio was comprised of assets transferred from the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All transfers were eliminated in consolidation and there were no realized gains or losses recognized in the 2019-1 CLO Transaction.
The 2019-1 CLO Transaction was executed through a private placement of the following 2019-1 Debt:
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The Loans and the Class A-1, A-2A, A-2B, and B Notes were issued at par. The Class C Notes were issued at a discount. The Notes are scheduled to mature on October 15, 2031. The Company received 100% of the membership interests (the “Membership Interests”) in the 2019-1 Issuer in exchange for its sale to the 2019-1 Issuer of the initial closing date loan portfolio. The Membership Interests do not bear interest. As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s Membership Interests are pledged as collateral to the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility.
The Loans and Class A-1, A-2A, A-2B, B, and C Notes are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The Membership Interests are eliminated in consolidation.
The Company serves as portfolio manager of the 2019-1 Issuer pursuant to a portfolio management agreement between the Company and the 2019-1 Issuer. For so long as the Company serves as portfolio manager, the Company will not charge any management fee or subordinated interest to which it may be entitled.
During the reinvestment period, pursuant to the indenture and loan agreement governing the 2019-1 Notes and Loans, respectively, all principal collections received on the underlying collateral may be used by the 2019-1 Issuer to purchase new collateral under the direction of the Company in its capacity as portfolio manager of the 2019-1 Issuer and in accordance with the 2019-1 Issuer investment strategy and the terms of the indenture and loan agreement, as applicable.
The Company has agreed to hold on an ongoing basis the Membership Interests with an aggregate dollar purchase price at least equal to 5% of the aggregate amount of all obligations issued by the 2019-1 Co-Issuers for so long as the 2019-1 Debt remains outstanding.
The 2019-1 Issuer pays ongoing administrative expenses to the trustee, independent accountants, legal counsel, rating agencies and independent managers in connection with developing and maintaining reports, and providing required services in connection with the administration of the 2019-1 Issuer.
As of June 30, 2020, there were 69 first lien and second lien senior secured loans with a total fair value of approximately $457.9 million and cash of $16.4 million securing the 2019-1 Debt. As of December 31, 2019, there were 65 first lien and second lien senior secured loans with a total fair value of approximately $471.3 million and cash of $22.4 million securing the 2019-1 Notes. Assets that are pledged as collateral for the 2019-1 Debt are not directly available to the creditors of the Company to satisfy any obligations of the Company other than the Company’s obligations under the indenture and loan agreement governing the 2019-1 Debt. The creditors of the 2019-1 Co-Issuers have received security interests in such assets and such assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of the Company (or an affiliate of the Company). The 2019-1 Portfolio must meet certain requirements, including asset mix and concentration, term, agency rating, collateral coverage, minimum coupon, minimum spread and sector diversity requirements in the indenture and loan agreement governing the 2019-1 Debt. As of June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with its covenants related to the 2019-1 Debt.
Costs of the offering, including the discount of the Class C Notes, of $2.8 million were incurred in connection with debt securitization of the 2019-1 Debt by the 2019-1 Co-Issuers which have been recorded as debt issuance costs and presented as a reduction to the outstanding principal amount of the 2019-1 Debt on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities and are being amortized over the life of the 2019-1 Issuer using the effective interest method. The balance of the unamortized debt issuance costs related to the 2019-1 Issuer was $2.6 million and $2.7 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The 2019-1 issuer was not in existence as of June 30, 2019 and the 2019-1 Debt were not outstanding.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2019-1 Co-Issuers were as follows:
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2019-1 Co-Issuers were as follows:
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On March 27, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured revolving loan agreement (the “Revolving Advisor Loan”) with BCSF Advisors, LP, the investment adviser of the Company. The Revolving Advisor Loan has a maximum credit limit of $50.0 million and a maturity date of March 27, 2023. The Revolving Advisor Loan accrues interest at the Applicable Federal Rate from the date of such loan until the loan is repaid in full. As of June 30, 2020, there were no borrowings under the Revolving Advisor Loan.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Revolving Advisor Loan were as follows:
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Revolving Advisor Loan were as follows:
2023 Notes
On June 10, 2020, the Company entered into a Master Note Purchase Agreement with institutional investors listed on the Purchaser Schedule thereto (the “Note Purchase Agreement”), in connection with the Company’s issuance of $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 8.50% senior unsecured notes due 2023 (the “ 2023 Notes”). The sale of the 2023 Notes generated net proceeds of approximately $146.4 million, including an offering discount of $1.5 million and debt issuance costs in connection with the transaction, including fees and commissions, of $2.1 million.
The Notes will mature on June 10, 2023 and may be redeemed in whole or in part at the Company’s option at any time or from time to time at the redemption prices set forth in the Note Purchase Agreement. The Notes will bear interest at a rate of 8.50% per year payable semi-annually on June 10 and December 10 of each year, commencing on December 10, 2020. As of June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with the terms of the note purchase agreement governing the 2023 Notes.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the components of the carrying value of the 2023 Notes were as follows:
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2023 Notes were as follows:
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For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2023 Notes were as follows:
Note 7. Derivatives
The Company is subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives. The value of foreign investments held by the Company may be significantly affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The dollar value of a foreign security generally decreases when the value of the dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated and tends to increase when the value of the dollar declines against such foreign currency.
The Company may enter into forward currency exchange contracts to reduce the Company’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies, as described in Note 2. The fair value of derivative contracts open as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is included on the consolidated schedule of investments by contract. The Company had collateral receivable of $1.6 million for June 30, 2020 and collateral payable of $0.3 million for December 31, 2019 with the counterparties on foreign currency exchange contracts. Collateral amounts posted are included in collateral on forward currency exchange contracts on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. Collateral payable is included in collateral payable on forward currency exchange contracts on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company’s average U.S. dollar notional exposure to forward currency exchange contracts was $263.4 million and $251.7 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company’s average U.S. dollar notional exposure to forward currency exchange contracts was $161.8 million and $158.6 million, respectively.
By using derivative instruments, the Company is exposed to the counterparty’s credit risk—the risk that derivative counterparties may not perform in accordance with the contractual provisions offset by the value of any collateral received. The Company’s exposure to credit risk associated with counterparty non-performance is limited to collateral posted and the unrealized gains inherent in such transactions that are recognized in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. The Company minimizes counterparty credit risk through credit monitoring procedures, executing master netting arrangements and managing margin and collateral requirements, as appropriate.
The Company presents forward currency exchange contracts on a net basis by counterparty on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. The Company has elected not to offset assets and liabilities in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities that may be received or paid as part of collateral arrangements, even when an enforceable master netting arrangement or other arrangement is in place that provides the Company, in the event of counterparty default, the right to liquidate collateral and the right to offset a counterparty’s rights and obligations.
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The following table presents both gross and net information about derivative instruments eligible for offset in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2020:
The following table presents both gross and net information about derivative instruments eligible for offset in the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019:
The effect of transactions in derivative instruments to the consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:
Included in total net gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations is net gains (losses) of $5.8 million and ($0.8) million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, foreign currency holdings and non-investment assets and liabilities attributable to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Including the total net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on forward currency exchange contracts of ($4.8) million and $1.2 million, respectively, included in the above table, the net impact of foreign currency on total net gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations is $1.0 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The effect of transactions in derivative instruments to the consolidated statements of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:
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Included in total net gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations is net gains (losses) of ($7.8) million and ($0.4) million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, foreign currency holdings and non-investment assets and liabilities attributable to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Including the total net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on forward currency exchange contracts of $9.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively, included in the above table, the net impact of foreign currency on total net gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations is $2.1 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Note 8. Distributions
The Company’s distributions are recorded on the record date. The following table summarizes distributions declared during the six months ended June 30, 2020:
The distributions declared during the six months ended June 30, 2020 were derived from investment company taxable income and net capital gain, if any.
The Company’s distributions are recorded on the record date. The following table summarizes distributions declared during the six months ended June 30, 2019:
The distributions declared during the six months ended June 30, 2019 were derived from investment company taxable income and net capital gain, if any.
The federal income tax characterization of distributions declared and paid for the fiscal year will be determined at fiscal year-end based upon the Company’s investment company taxable income for the full fiscal year and distributions paid during the full year.
Note 9. Common Stock/Capital
The Company has authorized 100,000,000,000 shares of its common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The Company has authorized 10,000,000,000 shares of its preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. Shares of preferred stock have not been issued.
Prior to the IPO, the Company had issued 43,982,137.46 shares in the private placement of the Company’s common shares (the “Private Offering”). Each investor had entered into a separate subscription agreement relating to the Company’s common stock (the “Subscription Agreements”). Each investor had made a capital commitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Subscription Agreements. Investors were required to make capital contributions to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock each time the Company delivered a drawdown notice, which were delivered at least 10 business days prior to the required funding date in an aggregate amount not to exceed their respective capital commitments. The number of shares to be issued to a stockholder was determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the contribution by a stockholder by the net asset value per share of the common stock as of the last day of the Company’s fiscal quarter or such other date and price per share as determined by the Board in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. As of December 31, 2018, aggregate commitments relating to the Private Offering were $1.3 billion. All outstanding commitments related to these Subscription Agreements were cancelled due to the completion of the IPO on November 15, 2018. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, BCSF Advisors, LP contributed in aggregate $8.8 million to the Company and received 487,326.10 shares of the Company and contributed $7.8 million to the Company and received 389,695.20 shares of the Company, respectively. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, BCSF Advisors, LP owned 0.75% and 0.75%, respectively, of the outstanding common stock of the Company.
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On November 19, 2018, the Company closed its initial public offering (the “IPO”) issuing 7,500,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $20.25 per share. Shares of common stock of the Company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BCSF” on November 15, 2018. The offering generated proceeds, before expenses, of $147.3 million. All outstanding commitments were cancelled due to the completion of the initial public offering.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were zero and 167,674.81 shares issued pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were zero and 167,674.81 shares issued pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan, respectively.
BCSF Investments, LLC and certain individuals, including Michael A. Ewald, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a Managing Director of Bain Capital Credit; Jonathan S. Lavine, Co-Managing Partner of Bain Capital, LP and Founder and Chief Investment Officer of Bain Capital Credit; John Connaughton, Co-Managing Partner of Bain Capital, LP; Jeffrey B. Hawkins, Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors and a Managing Director of Bain Capital Credit; and Michael J. Boyle, the Company’s Vice President and Treasurer and a Managing Director of Bain Capital Credit, adopted the 10b5-1 Plan in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, under which such parties would buy up to $20 million in the aggregate of the Company’s common stock in the open market during the period beginning after four full calendar weeks after the closing of the IPO and ending on the earlier of the date on which the capital committed to the 10b5-1 has been exhausted or one year after the closing of the IPO. As of December 31, 2019, zero dollars remain under the 10b5-1 Plan and no further purchases are intended under the 10b5-1 Plan.
On May 7, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50 million of its outstanding common stock in accordance with safe harbor rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Any such repurchases will depend upon market conditions and there is no guarantee that the Company will repurchase any particular number of shares or any shares at all. As of June 30, 2020, there have been no repurchases of common stock.
On May 4, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors approved a transferable subscription rights offering to our stockholders of record as of May 13, 2020. The rights entitled record stockholders to subscribe for up to an aggregate of 12,912,453 shares of our common stock. Record stockholders received one right for each share of common stock owned on the record date. The rights entitled the holders to purchase one new share of common stock for every four rights held, and record stockholders who fully exercised their rights were entitled to subscribe, subject to certain limitations and allotment rules, for additional shares that remain unsubscribed as a result of any unexercised rights. The rights were transferable and the rights were listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BCSF RT”. The rights offering expired June 5, 2020. Based on the terms of the offering and the market price of the stock during the applicable period, holders of rights participating in the offering were entitled to purchase one new share of common stock for every four rights held at a subscription price of $10.2163 per share. On June 16, 2020, the Company closed its transferrable rights offering and issued 12,912,453 shares. The offering generated net proceeds, before expenses, of $129.6 million, including the underwriting discount and commissions of $2.3 million.
Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
The Company’s investment portfolio may contain debt investments that are in the form of lines of credit and unfunded delayed draw commitments, which require the Company to provide funding when requested by portfolio companies in accordance with the terms of the underlying loan agreements.
As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $119.1 million of unfunded commitments under loan and financing agreements as follows:
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As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $215.8 million of unfunded commitments under loan and financing agreements as follows:
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Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into certain contracts that provide a variety of indemnities. The Company’s maximum exposure under these indemnities is unknown as it would involve future claims that may be made against the Company. Currently, the Company is not aware of any such claims and no such claims are expected to occur. As such, the Company does not consider it necessary to record a liability in this regard.
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Note 11. Financial Highlights
The following is a schedule of financial highlights for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
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Note 12. Subsequent Events
On July 2, 2020 , the Company entered into a third amended and restated loan and security agreement with respect to the JPM Credit Agreement to, among other things, adjust the advance rates and make certain changes of an updating nature.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2020. The information contained in this section should also be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”).
Overview
Bain Capital Specialty Finance, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us”) is an externally managed specialty finance company focused on lending to middle market companies. We have elected to be regulated as a business development company (a “BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the “1940 Act”). We are managed by BCSF Advisors, LP (our “Advisor” or “BCSF Advisors”), a subsidiary of Bain Capital Credit, LP (“Bain Capital Credit”). Our Advisor is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). Our Advisor also provides the administrative services necessary for us to operate (in such capacity, our “Administrator” or “BCSF Advisors”). Since we commenced operations on October 13, 2016 through June 30, 2020, we have invested approximately $3.7 billion in aggregate principal amount of debt and equity investments prior to any subsequent exits or repayments. We seek to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, capital appreciation through direct originations of secured debt, including first lien, first lien/last-out, unitranche and second lien debt, investments in strategic joint ventures, equity investments and, to a lesser extent, corporate bonds.
Our primary focus is capitalizing on opportunities within our Senior Direct Lending strategy, which seeks to provide risk-adjusted returns and current income to our stockholders by investing primarily in middle-market companies with between $10.0 million and $150.0 million in annual earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). However, we may, from time to time, invest in larger or smaller companies. We generally seek to retain effective voting control in respect of the loans or particular classes of securities in which we invest through maintaining affirmative voting positions or negotiating consent rights that allow us to retain a blocking position. We focus on senior investments with a first or second lien on collateral and strong structures and documentation intended to protect the lender. We may also invest in mezzanine debt and other junior securities, including common and preferred equity, on an opportunistic basis, and in secondary purchases of assets or portfolios but such investments are not the principal focus of our investment strategy. In addition, we may invest, from time to time, in distressed debt, debtor-in-possession loans, structured products, structurally subordinate loans, investments with deferred interest features, zero-coupon securities and defaulted securities.
We generate revenues primarily through receipt of interest income from the investments we hold. In addition, we generate income from various loan origination and other fees, dividends on direct equity investments and capital gains on the sales of investments. The companies in which we invest use our capital for a variety of reasons, including to support organic growth, to fund changes of control, to fund acquisitions, to make capital investments and for refinancing and recapitalizations.
Investments
Our level of investment activity may vary substantially from period to period depending on many factors, including the amount of debt and equity capital available to middle-market companies, the level of merger and acquisition activity for such companies, the level of investment and capital expenditures of such companies, the general economic environment, the amount of capital we have available to us and the competitive environment for the type of investments we make. Due to the impact of COVID-19 and related measures taken to contain its spread,the future duration and breadth of the adverse impact of COVID-19 on the broader markets in which the Company invests cannot currently be accurately predicted and future investment activity of the Company will be subject to these effects and the related uncertainty.
As a BDC, we may not acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” specified in the 1940 Act, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). Qualifying assets include investments in “eligible portfolio companies.” Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC, “eligible portfolio companies” include certain companies that do not have any securities listed on a national securities exchange and public companies whose securities are listed on a national securities exchange but whose market capitalization is less than $250 million.
As a BDC, we may also invest up to 30% of our portfolio opportunistically in “non-qualifying” portfolio investments, such as investments in non-U.S. companies.
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Revenues
We primarily generate revenue in the form of interest income on debt investments and distributions on equity investments and, to a lesser extent, capital gains, if any, on equity securities that we may acquire in portfolio companies. Some of our investments may provide for deferred interest payments or payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest. The principal amount of the debt investments and any accrued but unpaid interest generally becomes due at the maturity date. In addition, we may generate revenue in the form of commitment, origination, structuring or diligence fees, fees for providing managerial assistance and consulting fees. Loan origination fees, original issue discount and market discount or premium are capitalized, and we accrete or amortize such amounts into or against income over the life of the loan. We record contractual prepayment premiums on loans and debt securities as interest income.
Our debt investment portfolio consists of primarily floating rate loans. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 99.2% and 99.0%, respectively, of our debt investments, based on fair value, bore interest at floating rates, which may be subject to interest rate floors. Variable-rate investments subject to a floor generally reset periodically to the applicable floor, only if the floor exceeds the index. Trends in base interest rates, such as LIBOR, may affect our net investment income over the long term. In addition, our results may vary from period to period depending on the interest rates of new investments made during the period compared to investments that were sold or repaid during the period; these results reflect the characteristics of the particular portfolio companies that we invested in or exited during the period and not necessarily any trends in our business or macroeconomic trends.
Dividend income on preferred equity investments is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Dividend income on common equity investments is recorded on the record date for private portfolio companies and on the ex-dividend date for publicly traded portfolio companies.
Expenses
Our primary operating expenses include the payment of fees to our Advisor under the second amended and restated investment advisory agreement (the “Amended Advisory Agreement”), our allocable portion of overhead expenses under the administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) and other operating costs, including those described below. The Base Management Fee and Incentive Fee compensate our Advisor for its work in identifying, evaluating, negotiating, closing and monitoring our investments. We bear all other out-of-pocket costs and expenses of our operations and transactions, including:
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To the extent that expenses to be borne by us are paid by BCSF Advisors, we will generally reimburse BCSF Advisors for such expenses. To the extent the Administrator outsources any of its functions, the Company will pay the fees associated with such functions on a direct basis without profit to the Administrator. We will also reimburse the Administrator for its costs and expenses and our allocable portion of overhead incurred by it in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including certain rent and compensation paid to or compensatory distributions received by our officers (including our Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer) and any of their respective staff who provide services to us, operations staff who provide services to us, internal audit staff, if any, to the extent internal audit performs a role in our Sarbanes-Oxley internal control assessment and fees paid to third-party providers for goods or services. Our allocable portion of overhead will be determined by the Administrator, which expects to use various methodologies such as allocation based on the percentage of time certain individuals devote, on an estimated basis, to our business and affairs, and will be subject to oversight by our Board of Directors (our “Board”). We incurred expenses related to the Administrator of $0.0 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.0 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in other general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. The sub-administrator is paid its compensation for performing its sub-administrative services under the sub-administration agreement. We incurred expenses related to the sub-administrator of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in other general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. BCSF Advisors will not be reimbursed to the extent that such reimbursements would cause any distributions to our stockholders to constitute a return of capital. All of the foregoing expenses are ultimately borne by our stockholders.
Leverage
We may borrow money from time to time. However, our ability to incur indebtedness (including by issuing preferred stock), as of June 30, 2020, is limited by applicable regulations such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, must equal at least 150%. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook. As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s asset coverage was 166%.
Impact of COVID-19
In late 2019 and early 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and related respiratory disease ("COVID-19") emerged in China and spread rapidly to across the world, including to the U.S. This outbreak has led and for an unknown period of time will continue to lead to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies affected thereby. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of this outbreak, and any future outbreaks.
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It is clear that these types of events are negatively impacting and will, for at least some time, continue to negatively impact the Company and portfolio companies and in many instances the impact will be profound. For example, smaller and middle market companies in which we may invest are being significantly impacted by these emerging events and the uncertainty caused by these events. With respect to loans to such companies, the Company will be impacted if, among other things, (i) amendments and waivers are granted (or are required to be granted) to borrowers permitting deferral of loan payments or allowing for payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest payments, (ii) borrowers default on their loans, are unable to refinance their loans at maturity, or go out of business permanently, and/or (iii) the value of loans held by the Company decreases as a result of such events and the uncertainty they cause. Such emerging events, to the extent experienced, will cause the Company to suffer a loss on its investments or interest thereon. The Company will also be negatively affected if the operations and effectiveness of the Adviser or a portfolio company (or any of the key personnel or service providers of the foregoing) is compromised or if necessary or beneficial systems and processes are disrupted as a result of stay-at-home orders or other related interruptions to regular business operations. The Company has limited exposure to cyclical industries, including those currently experiencing significant distress, such as the energy, hospitality, and airline industries. The Company has no direct investments in commercial aviation companies and has focused on identifying portfolio companies in defensive industries such as technology, aerospace & defense and healthcare & pharmaceuticals with an emphasis on the durability of a portfolio company’s cash flow profile.
With respect to the Company’s investments, we have taken incremental steps in actively overseeing all of our individual portfolio companies. These measures include, among other things, (i) frequent communication with our portfolio company management teams and related private equity sponsors to understand the expected financial performance impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; (ii) re-underwriting our portfolio companies to understand the impact if the current economic environment persists; and (iii) the creation of an internal working group focused on understanding the potential financial needs of our portfolio companies and engaging with these companies and their private equity sponsors, as needed.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic and market conditions have increased the Company’s demands to provide capital to its existing portfolio companies. During the month of March 2020, we received unprecedented draw requests on revolving credit and delayed draw facilities we provided to our portfolio companies as many of them sought to husband excess cash as a defensive measure in these uncertain times. All of those draws were met in a timely fashion and we maintain adequate cash and additional borrowing capacity in reserve to meet any further such draw requests.
The Company experienced a significant reduction in our net asset value as of June 30, 2020 as compared to our net asset value as of December 31, 2019. The significant decrease is primarily the result of unrealized depreciation across the fair value of the Company’s investments resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the dilution impact from the Company’s rights offering.
As of June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with its asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act. In addition, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants within its credit facilities as of June 30, 2020. However, any continued increase in realized or unrealized depreciation of our investment portfolio or further significant reductions in our net asset value as a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise increase the risk of breaching the relevant covenants and requirements. Any breach of these requirements may adversely affect the Company's access to sufficient debt and equity capital. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may also cause the Company to limit distributions.
It is impossible to determine the scope of this outbreak, or any future outbreaks, how long any such outbreak, market disruption or uncertainties may last, the effect any governmental actions will have or the full potential impact on the Company, the Adviser and portfolio companies.
Portfolio and Investment Activity
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we invested $50.6 million, including PIK, in 21 portfolio companies, and had $67.1 million in aggregate amount of principal repayments and sales, resulting in a net decrease in investments of ($16.5) million for the period. Of the $50.6 million invested during the three months ended June 30, 2020, $19.7 million was related to drawdowns on delayed draw term loans and revolvers of our portfolio companies.
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we invested $403.1 million, including PIK, in 42 portfolio companies, including ABCS as a single portfolio company, and had $378.1 million in aggregate amount of principal repayments and sales, resulting in a net increase in investments of $25.0 million for the period. These amounts exclude the ABCS distribution transaction on April 30, 2019. On April 30, 2019, the Company received a distribution from ABCS. The portfolio of investments that were distributed comprised of 25 senior secured unitranche loans with a fair value of $919.0 million.
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During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we invested $326.9 million, including PIK, in 56 portfolio companies, and had $247.8 million in aggregate amount of principal repayments and sales, resulting in a net increase in investments of $79.1 million for the period. Of the $326.9 million invested during the six months ended June 30, 2020, $185.1 million was related to drawdowns on delayed draw term loans and revolvers of our portfolio companies.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we invested $678.7 million, including PIK, in 68 portfolio companies, including ABCS as a single portfolio company, and had $570.3 million in aggregate amount of principal repayments and sales, resulting in a net increase in investments of $108.4 million for the period. These amounts exclude the ABCS distribution transaction on April 30, 2019. On April 30, 2019, the Company received a distribution from ABCS. The portfolio of investments that were distributed comprised of 25 senior secured unitranche loans with a fair value of $919.0 million.
The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio and associated yield data as of June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio and associated yield data as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
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The following table presents certain selected information regarding our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2020:
The following table presents certain selected information regarding our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2019:
The following table shows the amortized cost and fair value of our performing and non-accrual investments as of June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
The following table shows the amortized cost and fair value of our performing and non-accrual investments as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Loans or debt securities are placed on non-accrual status when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected. Accrued interest generally is reversed when a loan or debt security is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans or debt securities may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment. Non-accrual loans and debt securities are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and, in management’s judgment, are likely to remain current. We may make exceptions to this treatment if the loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection. As of June 30, 2020, there had been three loans placed on non accrual in the Company's portfolio, comprising 1.1% of the Company's portfolio, based on fair value. This is compared to two loans on non accrual as of December 31, 2019, comprising 0.1% of the Company's portfolio, based on fair value.
The following table shows the amortized cost and fair value of the investment portfolio, cash and cash equivalents and foreign cash as of June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
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The following table shows the amortized cost and fair value of the investment portfolio, cash and cash equivalents and foreign cash as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio by industry, at amortized cost and fair value as of June 30, 2020 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments) (dollars in thousands):
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The following table shows the composition of the investment portfolio by industry, at amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2019 (with corresponding percentage of total portfolio investments) (dollars in thousands):
Our Advisor monitors our portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. It monitors the financial trends of each portfolio company to determine if they are meeting their respective business plans and to assess the appropriate course of action for each company. The Advisor has several methods of evaluating and monitoring the performance and fair value of our investments, which may include the following:
Our Advisor rates the investments in our portfolio at least quarterly and it is possible that the rating of a portfolio investment may be reduced or increased over time. For investments rated 3 or 4, our Advisor enhances its level of scrutiny over the monitoring of such portfolio company. Our internal performance ratings do not constitute any rating of investments by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization or represent or reflect any third-party assessment of any of our investments.
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The following table shows the composition of our portfolio on the 1 to 4 rating scale as of June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
The following table shows the composition of our portfolio on the 1 to 4 rating scale as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
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We and Antares, as members of ABCS, agreed to contribute capital up to (subject to the terms of their agreement) $950.0 million in aggregate to purchase equity interests in ABCS, with us and Antares contributing up to $425.0 million and $525.0 million, respectively. Funding of such commitments generally required the consent of both Antares Credit Opportunities Manager LLC and the Advisor on behalf of Antares and us, respectively. ABCS was capitalized with capital contributions from its members on a pro-rata basis based on their maximum capital contributions as transactions were funded after they had been approved.
Investment decisions of ABCS required the consent of both the Advisor and Antares Credit Opportunities Manager LLC, as representatives of us and Antares, respectively. Each of the Advisor and Antares sourced investments for ABCS.
On April 30, 2019, we formed BCSF Complete Financing Solution Holdco, LLC (“BCSF CFSH, LLC”) and BCSF Complete Financing Solution, LLC (“BCSF Unitranche” or “BCSF CFS, LLC”), wholly-owned, newly-formed, subsidiaries. We received our proportionate share of all assets which represented 44.737% of ABCS. The portfolio of investments that was distributed to us comprised of 25 senior secured unitranche loans with a fair value of $919.0 million and cash of $3.2 million. We also assumed the obligation to fund outstanding unfunded commitments of $31.4 million. In connection with the distribution, we recognized a realized gain of $0.3 million. We are no longer a member of ABCS. The assets we received from ABCS have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
In conjunction with the distribution from ABCS, on April 30, 2019, BCSF CFS, LLC entered into a loan and security agreement (the “JPM Credit Agreement” or the “JPM Credit Facility”) as borrower, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Collateral Administrator, Collateral Agent, Securities Intermediary and Bank. On the date of the ABCS distribution, the Company had $577.5 million outstanding on the JPM Credit Facility.
Below is selected statements of operations information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Results of Operations
Our operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Our operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
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Net increase in net assets resulting from operations can vary from period to period as a result of various factors, including additional financing, new investment commitments, the recognition of realized gains and losses and changes in unrealized appreciation and depreciation on the investment portfolio. Due to these factors, comparisons may not be meaningful.
Investment Income
The composition of our investment income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Interest income from investments, which includes interest and accretion of discounts and fees, decreased to $44.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $45.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to the decrease in LIBOR between the periods. Our investment portfolio at amortized cost increased to $2,610.4 million from $2,437.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Accelerated unamortized discounts from paydowns decreased to $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Dividend income decreased to $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $5.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to the closing of the ABCS distribution transaction on April 30, 2019. Other income decreased to approximately $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in amendment fees earned on certain investments. As of June 30, 2020, the weighted average yield of our investment portfolio at amortized cost decreased to 6.6% from 8.1% as of June 30, 2019.
The composition of our investment income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Interest income from investments, which includes interest and accretion of discounts and fees, increased to $93.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $75.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to the growth of our investment portfolio. Our investment portfolio at amortized cost increased to $2,610.4 million from $2,437.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Accelerated unamortized discounts from paydowns decreased to $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Dividend income decreased to $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $14.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to the closing of the ABCS distribution transaction on April 30, 2019. Other income increased to $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in amendment fees earned on certain investments and prepayment fees .
Operating Expenses
The composition of our operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
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The composition of our operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Interest and Debt Financing Expenses
Interest and debt financing expenses on our borrowings totaled approximately $17.3 million and $16.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest and debt financing expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to June 30, 2019 increased primarily due to the issuance of our 2019-1 Debt in August 2019 and the issuance of our 2023 Notes in June 2020. Interest and debt financing expenses on our borrowings totaled approximately $35.2 million and $27.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest and debt financing expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to June 30, 2019 increased primarily due to higher principal debt balances outstanding due to the issuance of our 2019-1 Debt in August 2019 and the issuance of our 2023 Notes in June 2020. The weighted average principal debt balance outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $1,649.0 million compared to $1,285.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The weighted average principal debt balance outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $1,615.4 million compared to $1,061.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
The weighted average interest rate (excluding deferred upfront financing costs and unused fees) on our debt outstanding was 3.9% and 4.7% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Management Fees
Management fee (net of waivers) increased to $8.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $6.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Management fees (gross of waivers) increased to $8.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $8.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in the cash balances as June 30, 2020, which reduces total assets in the management fee calculation. Management fees waived for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $0.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the voluntary management fee waiver related to ABCS has expired.
Management fee (net of waivers) increased to $17.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $10.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Management fees (gross of waivers) increased to $17.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $14.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in assets between the six months ended ending June 30. Management fees waived for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $0.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the voluntary management fee waiver related to ABCS has expired.
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Incentive Fees
Incentive fee (net of waivers) decreased to $0.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The Company did not incur an incentive fee for the three months ended June 30, 2020 due to the Incentive Fee Cap. Incentive fee waivers related to pre-incentive fee net investment income consisted of voluntary waivers of $0.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $0.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. For the three months ended June 30, 2020 there were no incentive fees related to the GAAP Incentive Fee.
Incentive fee (net of waivers) decreased to $0.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $6.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The Company did not incur an incentive fee for the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to the Incentive Fee Cap. Incentive fee waivers related to pre-incentive fee net investment income consisted of voluntary waivers of $0.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 there were no incentive fees related to the GAAP Incentive Fee.
Professional Fees and Other General and Administrative Expenses
Professional fees and other general and administrative expenses decreased to $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in costs associated with servicing our investment portfolio and legal fees.
Professional fees and other general and administrative expenses increased to $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in costs associated with servicing our investment portfolio and legal fees.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses
The following table summarizes our net realized and unrealized gains (losses) for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, we had net realized gains (losses) on investments of $0.1 million and ($0.3) million, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had net realized gains (losses) on foreign currency transactions of $0.1 million and ($0.3) million, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had net realized gains (losses) on forward currency contracts of $5.1 million and $7.1 million, respectively, primarily as a result of settling GBP, AUD, DKK, EUR and NOK forward contracts.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020, we had $37.2 million in unrealized appreciation on 59 portfolio company investments, which was offset by $30.9 million in unrealized depreciation on 54 portfolio company investments. Unrealized appreciation for the three months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from an increase in fair value, primarily due to a tightening spread environment and positive investment-related adjustments. Unrealized depreciation was primarily due to negative valuation adjustments.
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For the three months ended June 30, 2019, we had $11.6 million in unrealized appreciation on 83 portfolio company investments, which was offset by $14.6 million in unrealized depreciation on 57 portfolio company investments. Net unrealized depreciation for the three months ended June 30, 2019 resulted from a decrease in fair value, primarily due to negative valuation adjustments.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had unrealized depreciation on forward currency exchange contracts of ($9.9) million and ($5.9) million, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, unrealized depreciation on forward currency exchange contracts was due to EUR, GBP, DKK, NOK, AUD and CAD forward contracts. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, unrealized depreciation on forward currency exchange contracts was due to EUR, GBP, DKK, NOK and AUD forward contracts.
The following table summarizes our net realized and unrealized gains (losses) for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, we had net realized gains (losses) on investments of ($10.4) million and ($1.2) million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had net realized gains (losses) on foreign currency transactions of ($0.3) million and ($0.3) million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had net realized gains (losses) on forward currency contracts of $6.6 million and $10.7 million, respectively, primarily as a result of settling GBP, AUD, DKK, EUR and NOK forward contracts.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, we had $9.2 million in unrealized appreciation on 13 portfolio company investments which was primarily related to unrealized appreciation due to the reversal of unrealized depreciation upon pay-off and positive valuation adjustments, which was offset by $133.4 million in unrealized depreciation on 110 portfolio company investments. Unrealized depreciation for the six months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from a decrease in fair value, primarily due to negative valuation adjustments.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, we had $27.1 million in unrealized appreciation on 102 portfolio company investments, which was offset by $11.4 million in unrealized depreciation on 38 portfolio company investments. Net unrealized appreciation for the six months ended June 30, 2019 resulted from an increase in fair value, primarily due to positive valuation adjustments.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on forward currency exchange contracts of $3.3 million and ($9.1) million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, unrealized appreciation on forward currency exchange contracts was due to EUR, GBP, DKK, NOK, AUD and CAD forward contracts. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, unrealized depreciation on forward currency exchange contracts was due to EUR, GBP, DKK, NOK and AUD forward contracts.
The following table summarizes the impact of foreign currency for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
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The following table summarizes the impact of foreign currency for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Included in total net gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations is net gains (losses) of ($7.8) million and ($0.4) million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, foreign currency holdings and non-investment assets and liabilities attributable to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Including the total net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on forward currency exchange contracts of $9.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively, included in the above table, the net impact of foreign currency on total net gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations is $2.0 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the net increase in net assets resulting from operations was $21.8 million and $19.2 million, respectively. Based on the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, our per share net increase in net assets resulting from operations was $0.40 and $0.37, respectively.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations was ($82.7) million and a net increase in net assets resulting from operations of $58.5 million, respectively. Based on the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, our per share net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations was ($1.57) and $1.14, respectively.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity and capital resources are derived primarily from proceeds from equity issuances, advances from our credit facilities, 2018-1 Notes, 2019-1 Debt, 2023 Notes, and cash flows from operations. The primary uses of our cash are for (1) investments in portfolio companies and other investments and to comply with certain portfolio diversification requirements; (2) the cost of operations (including payments to the Advisor under the Investment Advisory and Administration Agreements); (3) debt service, repayment, and other financing costs; and, (4) cash distributions to the holders of our common shares.
We intend to continue to generate cash primarily from cash flows from operations, future borrowings and future offerings of securities. We may from time to time raise additional equity or debt capital through registered offerings, enter into additional debt facilities, or increase the size of existing facilities or issue debt securities. Any such incurrence or issuance would be subject to prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual and regulatory restrictions and other factors. We are required to meet an asset coverage ratio, defined under the 1940 Act as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) to our outstanding senior securities, of at least 150% after each issuance of senior securities. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our asset coverage ratio was 166% and 164%, respectively.
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At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $102.9 million and $68.8 million in cash, foreign cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, respectively.
At June 30, 2020, we had approximately $176.7 million of availability on our BCSF Revolving Credit Facility, $137.6 million of availability on our JPM Credit Facility and $50.0 million of availability on our Revolving Advisor Loan, subject to existing terms and regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2019, we had approximately $232.0 million of availability on our BCSF Revolving Credit Facility and $119.8 million of availability on our JPM Credit Facility, subject to existing terms and regulatory requirements.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash, foreign cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents increased by $34.1 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we used $19.2 million in cash for operating activities. The decrease in cash used for operating activities was primarily related to the purchase of investments of $325.4 million and a net decrease in net assets resulting from operations of ($82.7) million, which was offset by proceeds from principal payments and sales of investments of $265.7 million and the net change in unrealized depreciation on investments of $124.2 million.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we generated $54.0 million from financing activities, primarily from issuance of our common stock of $131.9 and borrowings on our debt from BCSF Revolving Credit Facility, JPM Credit Facility, Revolving Advisor Loan, and the issuance of the 2023 Notes of $485.6 million, offset by repayments on our debt of $514.5 million and distributions paid during the period of $42.4 million.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, cash, foreign cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents increased by $95.6 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we used $157.2 million in cash for operating activities, primarily to purchase investments of $782.2 million, which was offset by proceeds from principal payments and sales of investments of $562.5 million, and a net increase in net assets resulting from operations of $58.5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we generated $253.4 million from financing activities, primarily from borrowings on our BCSF Revolving Credit Facility, Citibank Revolving Credit Facility, and our JPM Credit Facility, together referred to as the “Revolving Credit Facilities,” of $626.1 million, offset by repayments on our Revolving Credit Facilities of $333.3 million and distributions paid during the period of $38.9 million.
Equity
On November 19, 2018, we closed our initial public offering (the “IPO”) issuing 7,500,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $20.25 per share. Shares of common stock of the Company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BCSF” on November 15, 2018. The offering generated net proceeds, after expenses, of $145.4 million. All outstanding capital commitments from the Company’s Private Offering, were cancelled as of the completion of the IPO.
BCSF Investments, LLC and certain individuals adopted the 10b5-1 Plan in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, under which such parties would buy up to $20 million in the aggregate of our common stock in the open market during the period beginning after four full calendar weeks after the closing of the IPO and ending on the earlier of the date on which the capital committed to the 10b5-1 has been exhausted or one year after the closing of the IPO. As of December 31, 2019, zero dollars remain under the 10b5-1 Plan and no further purchases are intended under the 10b5-1 Plan.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we did not issue shares of our common stock to investors who have opted into our dividend reinvestment plan. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we issued 167,674.81 shares of our common stock to investors who have opted into our dividend reinvestment plan.
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Debt
Debt consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
On October 4, 2017, we entered into the revolving credit agreement (the “BCSF Revolving Credit Facility”) with us, as equity holder, BCSF I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned and consolidated subsidiary of the Company, as borrower, and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as sole lead arranger (“Goldman Sachs”). The BCSF Revolving Credit Facility was subsequently amended on May 15, 2018 to reflect certain clarifications regarding margin requirements and hedging currencies. The maximum commitment amount under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility is $500.0 million, and may be increased up to $750.0 million. Proceeds of the loans under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility may be used to acquire certain qualifying loans and such other uses as permitted under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility. The BCSF Revolving Credit Facility includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, including certain limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, as well as usual and customary events of default for revolving credit facilities of this nature.
On March 31, 2020, the Parties entered into Omnibus Amendment No. 1 to the amended and restated credit agreement. The amendment amended the existing credit facility to, among other things, provide for enhanced flexibility to purchase or contribute and borrow against revolving loans and delayed draw term loans, and to count certain additional assets in the calculation of collateral for the outstanding advances; increase the spread payable under the facility from 2.50% to 3.25% per annum; include additional events of default to the existing credit facility, including but not limited to, a qualified equity raise not effected on or prior to June 22, 2020; and, after June 22, 2020, require the Company maintain at least $50.0 million of unencumbered liquidity or pay down the facility by at least $50.0 million.
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As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $323.3 million and $268.0 million borrowings under the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility, respectively, and we were in compliance with the terms of the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the BCSF Revolving Credit Facility were as follows (dollars in thousands):
On September 28, 2018 (the “2018-1 Closing Date”), we, through BCC Middle Market CLO 2018-1 LLC (the “2018-1 Issuer”), a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned and consolidated subsidiary of the Company , completed its $451.2 million term debt securitization (the “CLO Transaction”). The notes issued in connection with the CLO Transaction (the “2018-1 Notes”) are secured by a diversified portfolio of the 2018-1 Issuer consisting primarily of middle market loans, the majority of which are senior secured loans (the “2018-1 Portfolio”). At the 2018-1 Closing Date, the 2018-1 Portfolio was comprised of assets transferred from the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All transfers were eliminated in consolidation and there were no realized gains or losses recognized in the CLO Transaction.
The CLO Transaction was executed through a private placement of the following 2018-1 Notes (dollars in thousands):
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The 2018-1 Issuer pays ongoing administrative expenses to the trustee, independent accountants, legal counsel, rating agencies and independent managers in connection with developing and maintaining reports, and providing required services in connection with the administration of the 2018-1 Issuer.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2018-1 Issuer were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2018-1 Issuer were as follows (dollars in thousands):
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For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Citibank Revolving Credit Facility were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Citibank Revolving Credit Facility were as follows (dollars in thousands):
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The facility amount under the JPM Credit Agreement is currently $450.0 million. Proceeds of the loans under the JPM Credit Facility may be used to acquire certain qualifying loans and such other uses as permitted under the JPM Credit Agreement. The period from the effective date of the amendment until January 29, 2023 is referred to as the reinvestment period and during such reinvestment period, the Borrower may request drawdowns under the JPM Credit Facility.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $312.4 million and $546.8 million of borrowings under the JPM Credit Facility, respectively, and we were in compliance with the terms of the JPM Credit Facility.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the JPM Credit Facility were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the JPM Credit Facility were as follows (dollars in thousands):
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The 2019-1 CLO Transaction was executed through a private placement of the following 2019-1 Debt (dollars in thousands):
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For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2019-1 Co-Issuers were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2019-1 Co-Issuers were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Revolving Advisor Loan were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the Revolving Advisor Loan were as follows (dollars in thousands):
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As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the components of the carrying value of the 2023 Notes were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2023 Notes were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the components of interest expense related to the 2023 Notes were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Distribution Policy
The following table summarizes distributions declared during the six months ended June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
The following table summarizes distributions declared during the six months ended June 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
Distributions to common stockholders are recorded on the record date. To the extent that we have income available, we intend to distribute quarterly distributions to our stockholders. Our quarterly distributions, if any, will be determined by the Board. Any distributions to our stockholders will be declared out of assets legally available for distribution.
We have elected to be treated, and intend to operate in a manner so as to continuously qualify, as a regulated investment company (a “RIC) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2016. To qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment, among other things, we must distribute dividends to our stockholders in respect of each taxable year of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of the sum of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of our net long-term capital losses. In order to avoid the imposition of certain excise taxes imposed on RICs, we must distribute dividends to our stockholders in respect of each calendar year of an amount at least equal to the sum of: (1) 98% of our net ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for such calendar year; (2) 98.2% of our capital gains in excess of capital losses, adjusted for certain ordinary losses, generally for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year; and (3) the sum of any net ordinary income plus capital gains net income for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which we paid no federal income tax.
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We intend to distribute net capital gains (i.e., net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses), if any, at least annually out of the assets legally available for such distributions. However, we may decide in the future to retain all or a portion of our net capital gains for investment, incur a corporate-level tax on such capital gains, and elect to treat such capital gains as deemed distributions to our stockholders.
We have adopted a dividend reinvestment plan that provides for the reinvestment of cash dividends and distributions. Prior to the IPO, stockholders who “opted in” to our dividend reinvestment plan had their cash dividends and distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, rather than receiving cash dividends and distributions. Subsequent to the IPO, stockholders who do not “opt out” of our dividend reinvestment plan will have their cash dividends and distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, rather than receiving cash dividends and distributions. Stockholders could elect to “opt in” or “opt out” of our dividend reinvestment plan in their subscription agreements, through the private offering. The elections of stockholders prior to the IPO shall remain effective after the IPO.
The U.S. federal income tax characterization of distributions declared and paid for the fiscal year will be determined at fiscal year-end based upon our investment company taxable income for the full fiscal year and distributions paid during the full year.
Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We may become a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of our business to fund investments and to meet the financial needs of our portfolio companies. These instruments may include commitments to extend credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of liquidity and credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the statements of assets and liabilities.
As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $119.1 million of unfunded commitments under loan and financing agreements as follows (dollars in thousands):
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As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $215.8 million of unfunded commitments under loan and financing agreements as follows (dollars in thousands):
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Significant Accounting Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
The Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and related financial information have been prepared pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Articles 1, 6, 10 and 12 of Regulation S-X. These consolidated financial statements reflect adjustments that in the opinion of the Company are necessary for the fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented herein and are not necessarily indicative of the full fiscal year. We have determined we meet the definition of an investment company and follow the accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946 — Financial Services — Investment Companies (“ASC 946”). Our financial currency is U.S. dollars and these consolidated financial statements have been prepared in that currency.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.
Revenue Recognition
We record our investment transactions on a trade date basis. We record realized gains and losses based on the specific identification method. We record interest income, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, on an accrual basis. Discount and premium to par value on investments acquired are accreted and amortized, respectively, into interest income over the life of the respective investment using the effective interest method. Loan origination fees, original issue discount and market discount or premium are capitalized and amortized into or against interest income using the effective interest method or straight-line method, as applicable. We record any prepayment premiums, unamortized upfront loan origination fees and unamortized discounts received upon prepayment of a loan or debt security as interest income.
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Dividend income on preferred equity investments is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Dividend income on common equity investments is recorded on the record date for such distributions in the case of private portfolio companies, and on the ex-dividend date for publicly traded portfolio companies. Distributions received from a limited liability company or limited partnership investment are evaluated to determine if the distribution should be recorded as dividend income or a return of capital.
Certain investments may have contractual PIK interest or dividends. PIK represents accrued interest or accumulated dividends that are added to the loan principal of the investment on the respective interest or dividend payment dates rather than being paid in cash and generally becomes due at maturity or upon being called by the issuer. We record PIK as interest or dividend income, as applicable. If at any point we believe PIK may not be realized, we place the investment generating PIK on non-accrual status. When a PIK investment is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued, uncapitalized interest or dividends are generally reversed through interest or dividend income, as applicable.
Certain structuring fees and amendment fees are recorded as other income when earned. We record administrative agent fees received as other income when the services are rendered.
Investments for which market quotations are readily available are typically valued at such market quotations. Market quotations are obtained from an independent pricing service, where available. If we cannot obtain a price from an independent pricing service or if the independent pricing service is not deemed to be representative with the market, we value certain investments held by us on the basis of prices provided by principal market makers. Generally investments marked in this manner will be marked at the mean of the bid and ask of the independent broker quotes obtained, in some cases, primarily illiquid securities, multiple quotes may not be available and the mid of the bid/ask from one broker will be used. To validate market quotations, we utilize a number of factors to determine if the quotations are representative of fair value, including the source and number of quotations. Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value, subject at all times to the oversight and approval of the Board, based on the input of our Advisor, our Audit Committee and one or more independent third-party valuation firms engaged by our Board.
With respect to unquoted securities, we value each investment considering, among other measures, discounted cash flow models, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public and other factors. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, we use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate and/or assist us in our valuation. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material.
In following this approach, the types of factors that are taken into account in the fair value pricing of investments include, as relevant, but are not limited to: comparison to publicly traded securities, including factors such as yield, maturity and measures of credit quality; the enterprise value of a portfolio company; the nature and realizable value of any collateral; the portfolio companies ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flows; and the markets in which the portfolio company does business. In cases where an independent valuation firm provides fair valuations for investments, the independent valuation firm provides a fair valuation report, a description of the methodology used to determine the fair value and their analysis and calculations to support their conclusion. Spreads have generally widened as a result of the impact of COVID-19 and the pricing of many of the Company's portfolio securities has become more volatile. There can be no assurance that this volatility will abate over the short or medium term.
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Contractual Obligations
We have entered into the Amended Advisory Agreement with our Advisor (which supersedes the Investment Advisory Agreement dated November 14, 2018 we had previously entered into). Our Advisor has agreed to serve as our investment adviser in accordance with the terms of the Amended Advisory Agreement. Under the Amended Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to pay an annual base management fee as well as an incentive fee based on our investment performance.
On October 11, 2018, the Board approved, subject to completion of the IPO, the Investment Advisory Agreement. Beginning with the calendar quarter that commences January 1, 2019, this Investment Advisory Agreement incorporates (i) a three-year lookback provision and (ii) a cap on quarterly income incentive fee payments based on net realized or unrealized capital loss, if any, during the applicable three-year lookback period.
On November 28, 2018, our Board, including a majority of our Independent Directors, approved the Amended Advisory Agreement. On February 1, 2019 the Company’s stockholders approved the Amended Advisory Agreement. Pursuant to this Agreement, effective February 1, 2019, the base management fee of 1.5% (0.375% per quarter) of the average value of the Company’s gross assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents, but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) will continue to apply to assets held at an asset coverage ratio of 200%, but a lower base management fee of 1.0% (0.25% per quarter) of the average value of the Company’s gross assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents, but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) will apply to any amount of assets attributable to leverage decreasing the Company’s asset coverage ratio below 200%.
We have entered into an Administration Agreement with the Administrator pursuant to which the Administrator will furnish us with administrative services necessary to conduct our day-to-day operations. We reimburse the Administrator for its costs and expenses and our allocable portion of overhead incurred by it in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including certain compensation paid to or compensatory distributions received by our officers (including our Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer) and any of their respective staff who provide services to us, operations staff who provide services to us, and internal audit staff, if any, to the extent internal audit performs a role in our Sarbanes-Oxley internal control assessment.
If any of our contractual obligations discussed above are terminated, our costs may increase under any new agreements that we enter into as replacements. We would also likely incur expenses in locating alternative parties to provide the services we expect to receive under our Amended Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement.
A summary of the maturities of our principal amounts of debt and other contractual payment obligations as of June 30, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
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Subsequent Events
On July 2, 2020, the Company entered into a third amended and restated loan and security agreement with respect to the JPM Credit Agreement to, among other things, adjust the advance rates and make certain changes of an updating nature.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. We will generally invest in illiquid loans and securities including debt and equity securities of middle-market companies. Because we expect that there will not be a readily available market for many of the investments in our portfolio, we expect to value many of our portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board using a documented valuation policy and a consistently applied valuation process. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material.
Assuming that the statement of financial condition as of June 30, 2020 were to remain constant and that we took no actions to alter our existing interest rate sensitivity, the following table shows the annualized impact of hypothetical base rate changes in interest rates (dollars in thousands):
From time to time, we may make investments that are denominated in a foreign currency. These investments are translated into U.S. dollars at the balance sheet date, exposing us to movements in foreign exchange rates. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but we cannot assure you that such strategies will be effective or without risk to us. We may seek to utilize instruments such as, but not limited to, forward contracts to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in currency exchange rates.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of June 30, 2020 (the end of the period covered by this report), our management has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our current disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to material information relating to us that is required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us. From time to time, we may be a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings relating to the enforcement of our rights under loans to or other contracts with our portfolio companies.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties are not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused, and for an unknown period of time, will continue to cause, disruptions in global debt and equity markets and economies in regions in which we operate.
In late 2019 and early 2020, COVID-19 emerged in China and spread rapidly to across the world, including to the U.S. This outbreak has led and for an unknown period of time will continue to lead to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies affected thereby. With respect to the U.S. credit markets (in particular for middle market loans), this outbreak has resulted in, and until fully resolved is likely to continue to result in, the following among other things: (i) government imposition of various forms of “stay at home” orders and the closing of “non-essential” businesses, resulting in significant disruption to the businesses of many middle-market loan borrowers including supply chains, demand and practical aspects of their operations, as well as in lay-offs of employees, and, while these effects are hoped to be temporary, some effects could be persistent or even permanent; (ii) increased draws by borrowers on revolving lines of credit and other financing instruments; (iii) increased requests by borrowers for amendments and waivers of their credit agreements to avoid default, increased defaults by such borrowers and/or increased difficulty in obtaining refinancing at the maturity dates of their loans; (iv) volatility and disruption of these markets including greater volatility in pricing and spreads and difficulty in valuing loans during periods of increased volatility, and liquidity issues; and (v) rapidly evolving proposals and/or actions by state and federal governments to address problems being experienced by the markets and by businesses and the economy in general which will not necessarily adequately address the problems facing the loan market and middle market businesses. This outbreak is having, and any future outbreaks could have, an adverse impact on the markets and the economy in general, which could have a material adverse impact on, among other things, the ability of lenders to originate loans, the volume and type of loans originated, the ability of borrowers to make payments and the volume and type of amendments and waivers granted to borrowers and remedial actions taken in the event of a borrower default, each of which could negatively impact the amount and quality of loans available for investment by the Company and returns to the Company, among other things. As of the date of this prospectus, it is impossible to determine the scope of this outbreak, or any future outbreaks, how long any such outbreak, market disruption or uncertainties may last, the effect any governmental actions will have or the full potential impact on the Company, the Adviser and portfolio companies. Any potential impact to our results of operations will depend to a large extent on future developments and new information that could emerge regarding the duration and severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by authorities and other entities to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, all of which are beyond our control. These potential impacts, while uncertain, could adversely affect our and our portfolio companies’ operating results.
Although it is impossible to predict the precise nature and consequences of these events, or of any political or policy decisions and regulatory changes occasioned by emerging events or uncertainty on applicable laws or regulations that impact the Company, our portfolio companies and our investments, it is clear that these types of events are negatively impacting and will, for at least some time, continue to negatively impact the Company and portfolio companies and in many instances the impact will be profound. For example, many of the smaller and middle market companies in which we may invest are being significantly negatively impacted by these emerging events and the uncertainty caused by these events. With respect to loans to such companies, the Company will be impacted if, among other things, (i) amendments and waivers are granted (or are required to be granted) to borrowers permitting deferral of loan payments or allowing for payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest payments, (ii) borrowers default on their loans, are unable to refinance their loans at maturity, or go out of business permanently, and/or (iii) the value of loans held by the Company decreases as a result of such events and the uncertainty they cause. Such emerging events, to the extent experienced, will cause the Company to suffer a loss on its investments or interest thereon. The Company will also be negatively affected if the operations and effectiveness of the Adviser or a portfolio company (or any of the key personnel or service providers of the foregoing) is compromised or if necessary or beneficial systems and processes are disrupted as a result of stay-at-home orders or other related interruptions to regular business operations. The Company has limited exposure to cyclical industries, including those currently experiencing significant distress, such as the energy, hospitality, and airline industries. The Company has no direct investments in commercial aviation companies and has focused on identifying portfolio companies in defensive industries such as technology, aerospace & defense and healthcare & pharmaceuticals with an emphasis on the durability of a portfolio company’s cash flow profile. For more information regarding the impact of current events and market conditions on the Company and our portfolio companies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
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Uncertainty can result in or coincide with, among other things: increased volatility in the financial markets for securities, derivatives, loans, credit and currency; a decrease in the reliability of market prices and difficulty in valuing assets (including portfolio company assets); greater fluctuations in spreads on debt investments and currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private obligors and issuers); further social, economic, and political instability; nationalization of private enterprise; greater governmental involvement in the economy or in social factors that impact the economy; changes to governmental regulation and supervision of the loan, securities, derivatives and currency markets and market participants and decreased or revised monitoring of such markets by governments or self-regulatory organizations and reduced enforcement of regulations; limitations on the activities of investors in such markets; controls or restrictions on foreign investment, capital controls and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; the significant loss of liquidity and the inability to purchase, sell and otherwise fund investments or settle transactions (including, but not limited to, a market freeze); unavailability of currency hedging techniques; substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation, which can last many years and have substantial negative effects on credit and securities markets as well as the economy as a whole; recessions; and difficulties in obtaining and/or enforcing legal judgments.
We currently are operating in a period of capital markets disruption, significant volatility and economic uncertainty.
The global capital markets are experiencing a period of disruption and instability resulting in increasing spreads between the yields realized on riskier debt securities and those realized on risk-free securities, lack of liquidity in parts of the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector and the re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated market. Highly disruptive market conditions have resulted in increasing volatility and illiquidity in the global credit, debt and equity markets generally. The duration and ultimate effect of such market conditions cannot be accurately forecasted. Extreme uncertainty regarding economic markets is resulting in declines in the market values of potential investments and declines in the market values of investments after they are made or acquired by us and affecting the potential for liquidity events involving such investments or portfolio companies. During periods of market disruption, portfolio companies may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments we have made, and the risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods. Applicable accounting standards require us to determine the fair value of our investments as the amount that would be received in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. While most of our investments are not publicly traded, as part of our valuation process we consider a number of measures, including comparison to publicly traded securities. As a result, volatility in the public capital markets can adversely affect our investment valuations.
During any such periods of market disruption and instability, we and other companies in the financial services sector may have limited access, if any, to alternative markets for debt and equity capital. Equity capital may be difficult to raise because, subject to some limited exceptions that will apply to us as a BDC, we will generally not be able to issue additional shares of our common stock at a price less than NAV without first obtaining approval for such issuance from our stockholders and our Independent Directors. In addition, our ability to incur indebtedness (including by issuing preferred stock) is limited by applicable regulations such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, must equal at least 150% immediately after each time we incur indebtedness. The debt capital that will be available, if any, may be at a higher cost and on less favorable terms and conditions in the future. Any inability to raise capital could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A prolonged period of market illiquidity may cause us to reduce the volume of loans and debt securities we originate and/or fund and adversely affect the value of our portfolio investments, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Adverse developments in the credit markets may impair our ability to enter into new debt financing arrangements and otherwise negatively impact our current debt financing arrangements.
In past economic downturns, such as the financial crisis in the United States that began in mid-2007 and during other times of extreme market volatility, many commercial banks and other financial institutions stopped lending or significantly curtailed their lending activity. In addition, in an effort to stem losses and reduce their exposure to segments of the economy deemed to be high risk, some financial institutions limited refinancing and loan modification transactions and reviewed the terms of existing facilities to identify bases for accelerating the maturity of existing lending facilities. If these conditions recur, for example as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, it may be difficult for us to enter into a new credit or other borrowing facility, obtain other financing to finance the growth of our investments, or refinance any outstanding indebtedness on acceptable economic terms, or at all.
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So far, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in, and until fully resolved is likely to continue to result in, among other things, increased draws by borrowers on revolving lines of credit and increased requests by borrowers for amendments, modifications and waivers of their credit agreements to avoid default or change payment terms, increased defaults by such borrowers and/or increased difficulty in obtaining refinancing at the maturity dates of their loans. In addition, the duration and effectiveness of responsive measures implemented by governments and central banks cannot be predicted. The commencement, continuation, or cessation of government and central bank policies and economic stimulus programs, including changes in monetary policy involving interest rate adjustments or governmental policies, may contribute to the development of or result in an increase in market volatility, illiquidity and other adverse effects that could negatively impact the credit markets and the Company.
The expected discontinuation of LIBOR could have a significant impact on our business.
In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the intention to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. Such announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR and other Reference Rates on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. This announcement and any additional regulatory or market changes may have an adverse impact on our portfolio companies, our performance or our financial condition. Any replacement rate that is chosen may be less favorable than the current rates. Until the announcement of the replacement rate, our portfolio companies may continue to invest in instruments that reference LIBOR or otherwise use LIBOR due to favorable liquidity or pricing.
The expected discontinuation of LIBOR could have a significant impact on our business. We anticipate significant operational challenges for the transition away from LIBOR including, amending existing loan agreements with borrowers on investments that may have not been modified with fallback language and adding effective fallback language to new agreements in the event that LIBOR is discontinued before maturity. There may also be additional issues associated with our current processes and information systems that will need to be identified and evaluated by us. Due to the uncertainty of the replacement for LIBOR, the potential effect of any such event on our cost of capital and net investment income cannot yet be determined. Further changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of LIBOR may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR, which could have an adverse impact on the market value for or value of any LIBOR-linked securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In advance of 2021, regulators and market participants will seek to work together to identify or develop successor reference rates and how the calculation of associated spreads (if any) should be adjusted. The Federal Reserve Board, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a new index calculated by short term repurchase agreements, backed by U.S. Treasury securities, called the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The first publication of SOFR was released in April 2018. Whether or not SOFR attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement remains a question and the future of LIBOR at this time is uncertain. Additionally, prior to 2021, it is expected that industry trade associations and participants will focus on the transition mechanisms by which the reference rates and spreads (if any) in existing contracts or instruments may be amended, whether through marketwide protocols, fallback contractual provisions, bespoke negotiations or amendments or otherwise. Nonetheless, the termination of LIBOR presents risks to us and our portfolio companies. At this time, it is not possible to exhaustively identify or predict the effect of any such changes, any establishment of alternative reference rates or any other reforms that may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
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Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
The following exhibits are included, or incorporated by reference, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act).
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* Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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