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BNY Mellon (Bank of New York Mellon)
BK
#292
Rank
$81.82 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$117.34
Share price
2.11%
Change (1 day)
39.10%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. BNY Mellon (Bank of New York Mellon)
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2019 Q2

BNY Mellon (Bank of New York Mellon) - 10-Q quarterly report FY2019 Q2


Text size:
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2019
or
☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File No. 001-35651

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
13-2614959
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

240 Greenwich Street
New York, New York 10286
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code – (212) 495-1784

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Trading
symbol(s)
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
BK
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/4,000th of a share of Series C Noncumulative Preferred Stock
BK PrC
New York Stock Exchange
6.244% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Normal Preferred Capital Securities of Mellon Capital IV
BK/P
New York Stock Exchange
(fully and unconditionally guaranteed by The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation)



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
☒
 
Accelerated filer
☐
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
☐
 
Smaller reporting company
☐
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
☐
 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐    No ☒

As of June 30, 2019, 942,662,027 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, were outstanding.



THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION

Second Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q
Table of Contents 
 
 
Page
Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited)
2
 
 
Part I - Financial Information
 
Items 2. and 3. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk:
 
General
4
Overview
4
Key second quarter 2019 and subsequent events
4
Highlights of second quarter 2019 results
5
Fee and other revenue
6
Net interest revenue
8
Noninterest expense
11
Income taxes
11
Review of businesses
12
Critical accounting estimates
19
Consolidated balance sheet review
19
Liquidity and dividends
29
Capital
33
Trading activities and risk management
36
Asset/liability management
39
Off-balance sheet arrangements
39
Supplemental information - Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures
40
Recent accounting and regulatory developments
42
Website information
43
 
 
Item 1. Financial Statements:
 
Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited)
44
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statement (unaudited)
46
Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)
47
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)
48
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)
49
 
 
Page
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
Note 1—Basis of presentation
52
Note 2—Accounting changes and new accounting guidance
52
Note 3—Acquisitions and dispositions
53
Note 4—Securities
53
Note 5—Loans and asset quality
58
Note 6—Leasing
64
Note 7—Goodwill and intangible assets
65
Note 8—Other assets
67
Note 9—Contract revenue
68
Note 10—Net interest revenue
71
Note 11—Employee benefit plans
71
Note 12—Income taxes
72
Note 13—Variable interest entities and securitization
72
Note 14—Preferred stock
73
Note 15—Other comprehensive income (loss)
74
Note 16—Fair value measurement
76
Note 17—Fair value option
82
Note 18—Derivative instruments
82
Note 19—Commitments and contingent liabilities
89
Note 20—Lines of business
94
Note 21—Supplemental information to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
97
 
 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
98
Forward-looking Statements
99
 
 
Part II - Other Information
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
101
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
101
Item 6. Exhibits.
101
 
 
Index to Exhibits
102
Signature
104



The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited)
 
Quarter ended
 
Year-to-date
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and unless
  otherwise noted)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

June 30, 2018

Results applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
969

$
910

$
1,055

 
$
1,879

$
2,190

Basic earnings per share
$
1.01

$
0.94

$
1.04

 
$
1.95

$
2.15

Diluted earnings per share
$
1.01

$
0.94

$
1.03

 
$
1.95

$
2.14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee and other revenue
$
3,112

$
3,032

$
3,210

 
$
6,144

$
6,480

Income from consolidated investment management funds
10

26

12

 
36

1

Net interest revenue
802

841

916

 
1,643

1,835

Total revenue
$
3,924

$
3,899

$
4,138

 
$
7,823

$
8,316

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity (annualized)
10.4
%
10.0
%
11.2
%
 
10.2
%
11.7
%
Return on tangible common equity (annualized) – Non-GAAP (a)
21.2
%
20.7
%
23.5
%
 
20.9
%
24.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (annualized)
1.13
%
1.10
%
1.22
%
 
1.12
%
1.25
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee revenue as a percentage of total revenue
79
%
78
%
78
%
 
78
%
78
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of non-U.S. total revenue
36
%
36
%
37
%
 
36
%
37
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-tax operating margin
33
%
31
%
34
%
 
32
%
34
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest margin
1.12
%
1.20
%
1.26
%
 
1.16
%
1.24
%
Net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis – Non-GAAP (b)
1.12
%
1.20
%
1.26
%
 
1.16
%
1.25
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets under custody and/or administration (“AUC/A”) at period end (in trillions) (c)
$
35.5

$
34.5

$
33.6

 
$
35.5

$
33.6

Assets under management (“AUM”) at period end (in billions) (d)
$
1,843

$
1,841

$
1,805

 
$
1,843

$
1,805

Market value of securities on loan at period end (in billions) (e)
$
369

$
377

$
432

 
$
369

$
432

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average common shares and equivalents outstanding (in
  thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
951,281

962,397

1,010,179

 
956,887

1,013,507

Diluted
953,928

965,960

1,014,357

 
959,957

1,018,020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets
$
287,417

$
282,185

$
292,086

 
$
284,816

$
297,050

Total assets
$
342,384

$
336,165

$
346,328

 
$
339,292

$
352,219

Interest-bearing deposits
$
167,545

$
159,879

$
152,799

 
$
163,734

$
154,244

Noninterest-bearing deposits
$
52,956

$
54,583

$
64,768

 
$
53,765

$
67,869

Long-term debt
$
27,681

$
28,254

$
28,349

 
$
27,966

$
28,378

Preferred stock
$
3,542

$
3,542

$
3,542

 
$
3,542

$
3,542

Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity
$
37,487

$
37,086

$
37,750

 
$
37,287

$
37,672

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other information at period end:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends per common share
$
0.28

$
0.28

$
0.24

 
$
0.56

$
0.48

Common dividend payout ratio
28
%
30
%
23
%
 
29
%
22
%
Common dividend yield (annualized)
2.5
%
2.3
%
1.8
%
 
2.6
%
1.8
%
Closing stock price per common share
$
44.15

$
50.43

$
53.93

 
$
44.15

$
53.93

Market capitalization
$
41,619

$
48,288

$
53,927

 
$
41,619

$
53,927

Book value per common share
$
40.30

$
39.36

$
37.97

 
$
40.30

$
37.97

Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP (a)
$
20.45

$
19.74

$
19.00

 
$
20.45

$
19.00

Full-time employees
49,100

49,800

52,000

 
49,100

52,000

Common shares outstanding (in thousands)
942,662

957,517

999,945

 
942,662

999,945



2 BNY Mellon


Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited) (continued)
Regulatory capital and other ratios
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Average liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”)
117
%
118
%
118
%
 
 
 
 
Regulatory capital ratios: (f)
 
 
 
Advanced:
 
 
 
Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) ratio
11.1
%
11.1
%
10.7
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
13.2

13.2

12.8

Total capital ratio
14.0

14.0

13.6

Standardized:
 
 
 
CET1 ratio
12.4
%
12.0
%
11.7
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
14.8

14.3

14.1

Total capital ratio
15.7

15.3

15.1

 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage ratio
6.8
%
6.8
%
6.6
%
Supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”)
6.3

6.3

6.0

 
 
 
 
BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio
10.9
%
11.9
%
11.2
%
BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio
10.0

10.9

10.2

(a)
Return on tangible common equity and tangible book value per common share, Non-GAAP measures, exclude goodwill and intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 40 for the reconciliation of Non-GAAP measures.
(b)
See “Average balances and interest rates” beginning on page 9 for a reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.
(c)
Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon Global Securities Services Company (“CIBC Mellon”), a joint venture with the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, of $1.4 trillion at June 30, 2019, $1.3 trillion at March 31, 2019 and $1.4 trillion at June 30, 2018.
(d)
Excludes securities lending cash management assets and assets managed in the Investment Services business.
(e)
Represents the total amount of securities on loan in our agency securities lending program managed by the Investment Services business. Excludes securities for which BNY Mellon acts as an agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $64 billion at June 30, 2019, $62 billion at March 31, 2019 and $70 billion at June 30, 2018.
(f)
For our CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios, our effective capital ratios under U.S. capital rules are the lower of the ratios as calculated under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches. For additional information on our capital ratios, see “Capital” beginning on page 33.



BNY Mellon 3
Part I - Financial Information


Items 2. and 3. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

General

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “our,” “we,” “us,” “BNY Mellon,” the “Company” and similar terms refer to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Parent” refers to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation but not its subsidiaries.

Certain business terms used in this report are defined in the Glossary included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2018 (“2018 Annual Report”).

The following should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. Investors should also read the section titled “Forward-looking Statements.”

Overview

Established in 1784 by Alexander Hamilton, we were the first company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: BK). With a more than 230-year history, BNY Mellon is a global company that manages and services assets for financial institutions, corporations and individual investors in 35 countries.

BNY Mellon has two business segments, Investment Services and Investment Management, which offer a comprehensive set of capabilities and deep expertise across the investment lifecycle, enabling the Company to provide solutions to buy-side and sell-side market participants, as well as leading institutional and wealth management clients globally.

The diagram below presents our two business segments and lines of business, with the remaining operations in the Other segment.
 
businesses_2q19.jpg


Key second quarter 2019 and subsequent events

Share repurchase program and increase in cash dividend on common stock

In June 2019, our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $3.94 billion of common stock starting in the third quarter of 2019 and continuing through the second quarter of 2020.

Additionally, in July 2019, our Board of Directors approved an 11% increase in the quarterly cash dividend on common stock, from $0.28 to $0.31 per share. This increased quarterly cash dividend will be paid on Aug. 9, 2019.



4 BNY Mellon

Highlights of second quarter 2019 results

Net income applicable to common shareholders was $969 million, or $1.01 per diluted common share, in the second quarter of 2019. Net income applicable to common shareholders was $1.06 billion, or $1.03 per diluted common share, in the second quarter of 2018. The highlights below are based on the second quarter of 2019 compared with the second quarter of 2018, unless otherwise noted.

•
Total revenue of $3.9 billion decreased 5% primarily reflecting:
•
Fee revenue decreased 3% primarily reflecting cumulative AUM outflows since the second quarter of 2018, the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar and lower foreign exchange and securities lending revenue, partially offset by higher fees in Issuer Services, growth in clearance volumes and collateral management, as well as higher client assets and volumes in Pershing. (See “Fee and other revenue” beginning on page 6.)
•
Net interest revenue decreased 12% as the higher yield on interest-earning assets was more than offset by higher deposit and funding costs, lower noninterest-bearing deposits and loan balances and the impact of hedging activities. The impact of hedging activities is offset in foreign exchange and other trading revenue. (See “Net interest revenue” on page 8.)
•
Noninterest expense of $2.6 billion decreased 4%. Over 1% of the decrease was driven by the favorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar. The remaining decrease primarily reflects lower staff expense and decreases in most other expense categories, partially offset by continued investments in technology. (See “Noninterest expense” on page 11.)
•
Effective tax rate of 20.5%. (See “Income taxes” on page 11.)
 
Capital and liquidity

•
CET1 ratio under the Advanced Approach was 11.1% at June 30, 2019, unchanged compared with March 31, 2019, reflecting capital generated through earnings and the unrealized gain in our investment securities portfolio, offset by capital deployed through common stock repurchases, dividends payments and higher risk-weighted assets (“RWA”). (See “Capital” beginning on page 33.)
•
Repurchased 15.3 million common shares for $750 million and paid $270 million in dividends to common shareholders in the second quarter of 2019.

Highlights of our principal businesses

Investment Services
•
Total revenue decreased 3%.
•
Income before taxes decreased 8%.
•
AUC/A of $35.5 trillion, increased 6%, primarily reflecting higher market values and net new business, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar.

Investment Management
•
Total revenue decreased 10%.
•
Income before taxes decreased 17%.
•
AUM of $1.8 trillion increased 2%, primarily reflecting higher market values, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and net outflows.

See “Review of businesses” and Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our businesses.



BNY Mellon 5

Fee and other revenue

Fee and other revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD19

 
 
 
 
2Q19 vs.
 
 
 
 vs.
(dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

1Q19

2Q18

 
YTD19

YTD18

YTD18

Investment services fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset servicing fees (a)
$
1,141

$
1,122

$
1,157

2
 %
(1
)%
 
$
2,263

$
2,325

(3
)%
Clearing services fees (b)
410

398

401

3

2

 
808

825

(2
)
Issuer services fees
291

251

266

16

9

 
542

526

3

Treasury services fees
140

132

140

6

—

 
272

278

(2
)
Total investment services fees (b)
1,982

1,903

1,964

4

1

 
3,885

3,954

(2
)
Investment management and performance fees (b)
833

841

901

(1
)
(8
)
 
1,674

1,851

(10
)
Foreign exchange and other trading revenue
166

170

187

(2
)
(11
)
 
336

396

(15
)
Financing-related fees
50

51

53

(2
)
(6
)
 
101

105

(4
)
Distribution and servicing
31

31

34

—

(9
)
 
62

70

(11
)
Investment and other income
43

35

70

N/M
N/M
 
78

152

N/M
Total fee revenue
3,105

3,031

3,209

2

(3
)
 
6,136

6,528

(6)
Net securities gains (losses)
7

1

1

N/M
N/M
 
8

(48
)
N/M
Total fee and other revenue
$
3,112

$
3,032

$
3,210

3
 %
(3
)%
 
$
6,144

$
6,480

(5
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee revenue as a percentage of total revenue
79
%
78
%
78
%
 
 
 
78
%
78
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AUC/A at period end (in trillions) (c)
$
35.5

$
34.5

$
33.6

3
 %
6
 %
 
$
35.5

$
33.6

6
 %
AUM at period end (in billions) (d)
$
1,843

$
1,841

$
1,805

—
 %
2
 %
 
$
1,843

$
1,805

2
 %
(a)
Asset servicing fees include securities lending revenue of $44 million in the second quarter of 2019, $48 million in the first quarter of 2019, $60 million in the second quarter of 2018, $92 million in the first six months of 2019 and $115 million in the first six months of 2018.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain platform-related fees to clearing services fees from investment management and performance fees. Prior periods have been reclassified.
(c)
Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon of $1.4 trillion at June 30, 2019, $1.3 trillion at March 31, 2019 and $1.4 trillion at June 30, 2018.
(d)
Excludes securities lending cash management assets and assets managed in the Investment Services business.
N/M - Not meaningful.


Fee and other revenue decreased 3% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and increased 3% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects lower investment management and performance fees, investment and other income, foreign exchange and other trading revenue and asset servicing fees, partially offset by an increase in issuer services and clearing services fees. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects higher issuer services, asset servicing and clearing services fees.

Investment services fees

Investment services fees were impacted by the following compared with the second quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019:

•
Asset servicing fees decreased 1% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and increased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects lower securities lending revenue, lower client activity and the unfavorable
 
impact of a stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by growth in clearance volumes and collateral management. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects growth in clearance volumes and collateral management.
•
Clearing services fees increased 2% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 3% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both increases primarily reflect higher client assets and volumes.
•
Issuer services fees increased 9% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 16% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both increases primarily reflect higher fees in Depositary Receipts and Corporate Trust.
•
Treasury services fees was unchanged compared with the second quarter of 2018 and increased 6% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects higher payment volumes.

See the “Investment Services business” in “Review of businesses” for additional details.


6 BNY Mellon


Investment management and performance fees

Investment management and performance fees decreased 8% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 1% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects the impact of cumulative AUM outflows since the second quarter of 2018 and the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound), partially offset by higher market values. On a constant currency basis (Non-GAAP), investment management and performance fees decreased 6% compared with the second quarter of 2018. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects the timing of performance fees, partially offset by higher market values. Performance fees were $2 million in the second quarter of 2019, $12 million in the second quarter of 2018 and $31 million in the first quarter of 2019.

AUM was $1.8 trillion at June 30, 2019, an increase of 2% compared with June 30, 2018, primarily reflecting higher market values, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and net outflows.

See the “Investment Management business” in “Review of businesses” for additional details regarding the drivers of investment management and performance fees, AUM and AUM flows.

Foreign exchange and other trading revenue

Foreign exchange and other trading revenue
(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Foreign exchange
$
150

$
160

$
171

$
310

$
354

Other trading revenue
16

10

16

26

42

Total foreign exchange and other trading revenue
$
166

$
170

$
187

$
336

$
396



Foreign exchange revenue is primarily driven by the volume of client transactions and the spread realized on these transactions, both of which are impacted by market volatility and the impact of foreign currency hedging activities. In the second quarter of 2019, foreign exchange revenue totaled $150 million, a decrease of 12% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 6% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both decreases primarily reflect lower volumes and volatility. Foreign exchange revenue is primarily reported in the Investment Services business and, to a
 
lesser extent, the Investment Management business and the Other segment.

Distribution and servicing fees

Distribution and servicing fees decreased compared with the second quarter of 2018 and was unchanged compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects lower fees from mutual funds.

Investment and other income

The following table provides the components of investment and other income.

Investment and other income
(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Corporate/bank-owned life insurance
$
32

$
30

$
31

$
62

$
67

Expense reimbursements from joint venture
19

19

19

38

35

Seed capital gains (a)(b)
8

2

3

10

3

Asset-related gains
1

1

15

2

61

Other (loss) income (b)
(17
)
(17
)
2

(34
)
(14
)
Total investment and other income
$
43

$
35

$
70

$
78

$
152

(a)
Excludes seed capital gains related to consolidated investment management funds, which are reflected in operations of consolidated investment management funds.
(b)
The first quarter 2019 amounts were adjusted to correct the classification of certain revenue between seed capital and other income.


Investment and other income decreased compared with the second quarter of 2018 and increased compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects lower asset-related gains, foreign currency translation and increased pre-tax losses on investments in renewable energy, partially offset by higher seed capital gains. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects higher seed capital gains.

Year-to-date 2019 compared with year-to-date 2018

Fee and other revenue decreased 5% compared with the first six months of 2018, primarily reflecting lower investment management and performance fees, investment and other income, asset servicing fees and foreign exchange and other trading revenue, partially offset by net securities losses recorded in the first six months of 2018. The 10% decrease in investment management and performance fees primarily reflects the impact of cumulative AUM outflows since the


BNY Mellon 7

second quarter of 2018, the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and the impact of divestitures. The decrease in investment and other income primarily reflects lower asset-related gains, which included the gain on the sale of CenterSquare and gains on equity investments both recorded in the first quarter of 2018. The 3% decrease in asset servicing fees primarily reflects lower client activity, the unfavorable impact
 
of a stronger U.S. dollar and lower securities lending revenue, partially offset by growth in clearance volumes and collateral management. The 15% decrease in foreign exchange and other trading revenue primarily reflects lower foreign exchange volumes and volatility. Net securities losses in the first six months of 2018 were driven by sales of debt securities.


Net interest revenue

Net interest revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD19

 
 
 
 
2Q19 vs.
 
 
 
 vs.
(dollars in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

1Q19

2Q18

 
YTD19

YTD18

YTD18

Net interest revenue
$
802

$
841

$
916

(5
)%
(12
)%
 
$
1,643

$
1,835

(10
)%
Add: Tax equivalent adjustment
4

4

5

N/M
N/M
 
8

11

N/M
Net interest revenue on a fully taxable equivalent basis (“FTE”) – Non-GAAP (a)
$
806

$
845

$
921

(5
)%
(12
)%
 
$
1,651

$
1,846

(11
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest-earning assets
$
287,417

$
282,185

$
292,086

2
 %
(2
)%
 
$
284,816

$
297,050

(4
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest margin
1.12
%
1.20
%
1.26
%
(8
) bps
(14
) bps
 
1.16
%
1.24
%
(8
) bps
Net interest margin (FTE) –
Non-GAAP (a)
1.12
%
1.20
%
1.26
%
(8
) bps
(14
) bps
 
1.16
%
1.25
%
(9
) bps
(a)
Net interest revenue (FTE) – Non-GAAP and net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP include the tax equivalent adjustments on tax-exempt income which allows for comparisons of amounts arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practice. The adjustment to an FTE basis has no impact on net income.
N/M - not meaningful.
bps - basis points.


Net interest revenue decreased 12% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 5% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects higher yields on interest-earning assets, which were more than offset by the higher deposit and funding costs, lower noninterest-bearing deposits and loan balances and the impact of hedging activities. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2019 was primarily driven by higher interest-bearing deposit costs, lower noninterest-bearing deposit balances, lower yields on interest-earning assets and the impact of hedging activities, partially offset by the benefit of higher interest-bearing deposit balances. The impact of hedging activities is offset in foreign exchange and other trading revenue.

Net interest margin decreased 14 basis points compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 8 basis points compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects higher deposit rates, partially offset by higher asset yields. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects higher deposit rates and lower asset yields.
 
Average non-U.S. dollar deposits comprised approximately 30% of our average total deposits in the second quarter of 2019. Approximately 45% of the average non-U.S. dollar deposits in the second quarter of 2019 were euro-denominated.

Net interest revenue in future quarters will depend on the level and mix of client deposits, deposit rates, as well as the level and shape of the yield curve which may result in lower yields on interest-earning assets.

Year-to-date 2019 compared with year-to-date 2018

Net interest revenue decreased 10% compared with the first six months of 2018, primarily driven by higher yields on interest-earning assets which were more than offset by the higher deposit and funding costs, lower noninterest-bearing deposits and loan balances and the impact of hedging activities. The impact of hedging activities is offset in foreign exchange and other trading revenue. The decrease in the net interest margin primarily reflects higher deposit rates, partially offset by higher asset yields.


8 BNY Mellon


Average balances and interest rates
Quarter ended
 
June 30, 2019
 
March 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(dollars in millions)
Average
balance

Interest

Average
rates

 
Average
balance

Interest

Average
rates

 
Average balance

Interest

Average rates

Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$
61,756

$
113

0.72
%
 
$
63,583

$
139

0.87
%
 
$
69,676

$
136

0.77
%
Interest-bearing deposits with banks (primarily foreign banks)
13,666

64

1.87

 
13,857

63

1.85

 
15,748

56

1.41

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (a)
38,038

568

5.99

 
28,968

474

6.63

 
28,051

230

3.29

Margin loans
10,920

119

4.36

 
12,670

135

4.34

 
14,838

128

3.46

Non-margin loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic offices
29,492

284

3.86

 
28,177

269

3.85

 
29,970

257

3.44

Foreign offices
9,961

81

3.29

 
10,511

86

3.32

 
12,258

88

2.87

Total non-margin loans
39,453

365

3.71

 
38,688

355

3.70

 
42,228

345

3.27

Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government obligations
18,870

103

2.19

 
23,597

129

2.22

 
23,199

116

2.02

U.S. government agency obligations
66,445

428

2.58

 
64,867

427

2.63

 
63,022

374

2.37

State and political subdivisions (b)
1,735

13

2.89

 
2,206

15

2.71

 
2,677

18

2.75

Other securities (b)
30,770

157

2.04

 
28,647

151

2.13

 
28,863

126

1.75

Trading securities (b)
5,764

39

2.72

 
5,102

36

2.91

 
3,784

29

3.10

Total securities
123,584

740

2.40

 
124,419

758

2.45

 
121,545

663

2.19

Total interest-earning assets
$
287,417

$
1,969

2.74
%
 
$
282,185

$
1,924

2.75
%
 
$
292,086

$
1,558

2.14
%
Noninterest-earnings assets
54,967

 
 
 
53,980

 
 
 
54,242

 
 
Total assets
$
342,384

 
 
 
$
336,165

 
 
 
$
346,328

 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic offices
$
74,180

$
251

1.36
%
 
$
70,562

$
224

1.29
%
 
$
54,200

$
105

0.78
%
Foreign offices
93,365

181

0.78

 
89,317

167

0.76

 
98,599

68

0.28

Total interest-bearing deposits
167,545

432

1.04

 
159,879

391

0.99

 
152,799

173

0.45

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (a)
11,809

372

12.64

 
11,922

331

11.26

 
18,146

158

3.48

Trading liabilities
1,735

11

2.47

 
1,305

7

2.25

 
1,198

7

2.43

Other borrowed funds
2,455

20

3.36

 
3,305

24

2.87

 
2,399

14

2.40

Commercial paper
2,957

18

2.43

 
1,377

8

2.44

 
3,869

21

2.13

Payables to customers and broker-dealers
15,666

69

1.76

 
16,108

70

1.76

 
16,349

45

1.10

Long-term debt
27,681

241

3.45

 
28,254

248

3.52

 
28,349

219

3.06

Total interest-bearing liabilities
$
229,848

$
1,163

2.03
%
 
$
222,150

$
1,079

1.96
%
 
$
223,109

$
637

1.14
%
Total noninterest-bearing deposits
52,956

 
 
 
54,583

 
 
 
64,768

 
 
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities
18,362

 
 
 
18,628

 
 
 
16,857

 
 
Total liabilities
301,166

 
 
 
295,361

 
 
 
304,734

 
 
Temporary equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
53

 
 
 
70

 
 
 
184

 
 
Permanent equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity
41,029

 
 
 
40,628

 
 
 
41,292

 
 
Noncontrolling interests
136

 
 
 
106

 
 
 
118

 
 
Total permanent equity
41,165

 
 
 
40,734

 
 
 
41,410

 
 
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity
$
342,384

 
 
 
$
336,165

 
 
 
$
346,328

 
 
Net interest revenue (FTE) – Non-GAAP
 
$
806

 
 
 
$
845

 
 
 
$
921

 
Net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP
 
 
1.12
%
 
 
 
1.20
%
 
 
 
1.26
%
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment (b)
 
4

 
 
 
4

 
 
 
5

 
Net interest revenue – GAAP
 
$
802

 
 
 
$
841

 
 
 
$
916

 
Net interest margin – GAAP
 
 
1.12
%
 
 
 
1.20
%
 
 
 
1.26
%
(a)
Includes the average impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $51 billion for the second quarter of 2019, $44 billion for the first quarter of 2019 and $18 billion for the second quarter of 2018. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the yield on federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements would have been 2.57% for the second quarter of 2019, 2.63% for the first quarter of 2019 and 2.01% for the second quarter of 2018.  On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the rate on federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements would have been 2.39% for the second quarter of 2019, 2.40% for the first quarter of 2019 and 1.75% for the second quarter of 2018. We believe providing the rates excluding the impact of netting is useful to investors as it is more reflective of the actual rates earned and paid.
(b)
Average rates were calculated on an FTE basis, at tax rates of approximately 21%, and annualized.


BNY Mellon 9

Average balances and interest rates
Year-to-date
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(dollars in millions)
Average balance

Interest

Average rates

 
Average balance

Interest

Average rates

Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$
62,665

$
252

0.80
%
 
$
74,346

$
262

0.70
%
Interest-bearing deposits with banks (primarily foreign banks)
13,761

127

1.86

 
14,804

98

1.33

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (a)
33,528

1,042

6.26

 
27,978

400

2.88

Margin loans
11,790

254

4.35

 
15,254

243

3.21

Non-margin loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic offices
28,838

553

3.85

 
30,191

485

3.23

Foreign offices
10,235

167

3.30

 
12,387

165

2.68

Total non-margin loans
39,073

720

3.71

 
42,578

650

3.07

Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government obligations
21,220

232

2.21

 
23,329

225

1.95

U.S. government agency obligations
65,660

855

2.60

 
62,998

724

2.30

State and political subdivisions (b) 
1,969

28

2.80

 
2,776

37

2.68

Other securities (b)
29,715

308

2.08

 
29,005

249

1.72

Trading securities (b)
5,435

75

2.81

 
3,982

57

2.85

Total securities
123,999

1,498

2.42

 
122,090

1,292

2.12

Total interest-earning assets
$
284,816

$
3,893

2.75
%
 
$
297,050

$
2,945

1.99
%
Noninterest-earnings assets
54,476

 
 
 
55,169

 
 
Total assets
$
339,292

 
 
 
$
352,219

 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic offices
$
72,381

$
475

1.32
%
 
$
52,914

$
176

0.67
%
Foreign offices
91,353

348

0.77

 
101,330

114

0.23

Total interest-bearing deposits
163,734

823

1.01

 
154,244

290

0.38

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (a)
11,865

703

11.95

 
18,552

265

2.88

Trading liabilities
1,521

18

2.37

 
1,382

16

2.33

Other borrowed funds
2,878

44

3.08

 
2,260

23

2.06

Commercial paper
2,171

26

2.43

 
3,502

33

1.89

Payables to customers and broker-dealers
15,887

139

1.76

 
16,723

76

0.92

Long-term debt
27,966

489

3.48

 
28,378

396

2.78

Total interest-bearing liabilities
$
226,022

$
2,242

2.00
%
 
$
225,041

$
1,099

0.98
%
Total noninterest-bearing deposits
53,765

 
 
 
67,869

 
 
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities
18,494

 
 
 
17,710

 
 
Total liabilities
298,281

 
 
 
310,620

 
 
Temporary equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
65

 
 
 
188

 
 
Permanent equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity
40,829

 
 
 
41,214

 
 
Noncontrolling interests
117

 
 
 
197

 
 
Total permanent equity
40,946

 
 
 
41,411

 
 
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity
$
339,292

 
 
 
$
352,219

 
 
Net interest revenue (FTE) – Non-GAAP
 
$
1,651

 
 
 
$
1,846

 
Net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP
 
 
1.16
%
 
 
 
1.25
%
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment (b)
 
8

 
 
 
11

 
Net interest revenue – GAAP
 
$
1,643

 
 
 
$
1,835

 
Net interest margin – GAAP
 
 
1.16
%
 
 
 
1.24
%
(a)
Includes the average impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $47 billion for the first six months of 2019 and $16 billion for the first six months of 2018. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the yield on federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements would have been 2.59% for the first six months of 2019 and 1.84% for the first six months of 2018.  On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the rate on federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements would have been 2.39% for the first six months of 2019 and 1.55% for the first six months of 2018. We believe providing the rates excluding the impact of netting is useful to investors as it is more reflective of the actual rates earned and paid.
(b)
Average rates were calculated on an FTE basis, at tax rates of approximately 21%, and annualized.



10 BNY Mellon


Noninterest expense

Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD19

 
 
 
 
2Q19 vs.
 
 
 
 vs.
(dollars in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

1Q19

2Q18

 
YTD19

YTD18

YTD18

Staff
$
1,421

$
1,524

$
1,489

(7
)%
(5
)%
 
$
2,945

$
3,065

(4
)%
Professional, legal and other purchased services
337

325

328

4

3

 
662

619

7

Software and equipment
304

283

266

7

14

 
587

500

17

Net occupancy
138

137

156

1

(12
)
 
275

295

(7
)
Sub-custodian and clearing
115

105

110

10

5

 
220

229

(4
)
Distribution and servicing
94

91

106

3

(11
)
 
185

212

(13
)
Business development
56

45

62

24

(10
)
 
101

113

(11
)
Bank assessment charges
31

31

47

—

(34
)
 
62

99

(37
)
Amortization of intangible assets
30

29

48

3

(38
)
 
59

97

(39
)
Other
121

129

135

(6
)
(10
)
 
250

257

(3
)
Total noninterest expense
$
2,647

$
2,699

$
2,747

(2
)%
(4
)%
 
$
5,346

$
5,486

(3
)%
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 


Full-time employees at period end
49,100

49,800

52,000

(1
)%
(6
)%
 
 
 
 


Total noninterest expense decreased 4% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 2% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects lower staff expense, the favorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar and decreases in most other expense categories, partially offset by continued investments in technology. The investments in technology are included in staff, professional, legal and other purchased services, and software and equipment expenses. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects lower staff expense, driven by the impact of vesting of long-term stock awards for retirement eligible employees recorded in the first quarter of 2019. The decrease was partially offset by higher software and equipment, volume-related and professional, legal and other purchased services expenses.
 
Our investments in technology infrastructure and platforms are expected to continue at recent levels. As a result, we expect to incur higher technology-related expenses in 2019 than in 2018. This increase is expected to be mostly offset by decreases in other expenses as we continue to manage overall expenses.

Year-to-date 2019 compared with year-to-date 2018

Noninterest expense decreased 3% compared with the first six months of 2018. The decrease primarily reflects lower staff expense, the favorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar and decreases in most other expense categories, partially offset by continued investments in technology.

Income taxes

BNY Mellon recorded an income tax provision of $264 million (20.5% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2019, $286 million (20.5% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2018 and $237 million (19.9% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2019. For additional information, see Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



BNY Mellon 11

Review of businesses

We have an internal information system that produces performance data along product and service lines for our two principal businesses, Investment Services and Investment Management, and the Other segment.

Business accounting principles

Our business data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than the generally accepted accounting principles used for consolidated financial reporting. These measurement principles are designed so that reported results of the businesses will track their economic performance.

For information on the accounting principles of our businesses, see Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For information on the primary products and services in each line of business, the primary types of revenue by business and how our businesses are presented and analyzed, see Note 23 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report.

Business results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made. There were no significant organizational changes in the second quarter of 2019. The results are also subject to refinements in revenue and expense allocation methodologies, which are typically reflected on a prospective basis.

The results of our businesses may be influenced by client and other activities that vary by quarter. In the first quarter, staff expense typically increases reflecting the vesting of long-term stock awards for retirement-eligible employees. In the third quarter, volume-related fees may decline due to reduced client
 
activity. In the third quarter, staff expense typically increases, reflecting the annual employee merit increase. In the fourth quarter, we typically incur higher business development and marketing expenses. In our Investment Management business, performance fees are typically higher in the fourth and first quarters, as those quarters represent the end of the measurement period for many of the performance fee-eligible relationships.

The results of our businesses may also be impacted by the translation of financial results denominated in foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar. We are primarily impacted by activities denominated in the British pound and the euro. On a consolidated basis and in our Investment Services business, we typically have more foreign currency-denominated expenses than revenues. However, our Investment Management business typically has more foreign currency-denominated revenues than expenses. Overall, currency fluctuations impact the year-over-year growth rate in the Investment Management business more than the Investment Services business. However, currency fluctuations, in isolation, are not expected to significantly impact net income on a consolidated basis.

Fee revenue in Investment Management, and to a lesser extent in Investment Services, is impacted by the value of market indices. At June 30, 2019, we estimate that a 5% change in global equity markets, spread evenly throughout the year, would impact fee revenue by less than 1% and diluted earnings per common share by $0.03 to $0.05.

See Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the consolidating schedules which show the contribution of our businesses to our overall profitability.



12 BNY Mellon

Investment Services business

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD19

(dollars in millions unless otherwise noted)
 
 
 
 
 
2Q19 vs.
 
 
 
 vs.
2Q19

1Q19

4Q18

3Q18

2Q18

1Q19

2Q18

 
YTD19

YTD18

YTD18

Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment services fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset servicing fees (a)
$
1,120

$
1,103

$
1,106

$
1,136

$
1,135

2
 %
(1
)%
 
$
2,223

$
2,278

(2
)%
Clearing services fees (b)
411

398

398

393

400

3

3

 
809

824

(2
)
Issuer services fees
291

251

286

288

265

16

10

 
542

525

3

Treasury services fees
140

132

139

136

140

6

—

 
272

278

(2
)
Total investment services fees (b)
1,962

1,884

1,929

1,953

1,940

4

1

 
3,846

3,905

(2
)
Foreign exchange and other trading revenue
153

157

163

161

172

(3
)
(11
)
 
310

341

(9
)
Other (b)(c)
112

113

121

116

121

(1
)
(7
)
 
225

237

(5
)
Total fee and other revenue
2,227

2,154

2,213

2,230

2,233

3

—

 
4,381

4,483

(2
)
Net interest revenue
775

796

827

827

874

(3
)
(11
)
 
1,571

1,718

(9
)
Total revenue
3,002

2,950

3,040

3,057

3,107

2

(3
)
 
5,952

6,201

(4
)
Provision for credit losses
(4
)
8

6

1

1

N/M
N/M
 
4

(6
)
N/M
Noninterest expense (excluding amortization of intangible assets)
1,934

1,949

2,090

1,995

1,931

(1
)
—

 
3,883

3,844

1

Amortization of intangible assets
20

20

22

35

36

—

(44
)
 
40

72

(44
)
Total noninterest expense
1,954

1,969

2,112

2,030

1,967

(1
)
(1
)
 
3,923

3,916

—

Income before taxes
$
1,052

$
973

$
922

$
1,026

$
1,139

8
 %
(8
)%
 
$
2,025

$
2,291

(12
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

Pre-tax operating margin
35
%
33
%
30
%
34
%
37
%


 
 
34
%
37
%


 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 


Securities lending revenue
$
40

$
44

$
43

$
52

$
55

(9
)%
(27
)%
 
$
84

$
103

(18
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 




 
 
 


Total revenue by line of business:
 
 
 
 
 




 
 
 


Asset Servicing
$
1,391

$
1,407

$
1,435

$
1,458

$
1,520

(1
)%
(8
)%
 
$
2,798

$
3,039

(8
)%
Pershing
564

554

558

558

558

2

1

 
1,118

1,139

(2
)
Issuer Services
446

396

441

453

431

13

3

 
842

849

(1
)
Treasury Services
317

317

328

324

329

—

(4
)
 
634

650

(2
)
Clearance and Collateral Management
284

276

278

264

269

3

6

 
560

524

7

Total revenue by line of business
$
3,002

$
2,950

$
3,040

$
3,057

$
3,107

2
 %
(3
)%
 
$
5,952

$
6,201

(4
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

Average loans
$
32,287

$
33,171

$
35,540

$
35,044

$
38,002

(3
)%
(15
)%
 
$
32,726

$
38,598

(15
)%
Average deposits
$
201,146

$
195,082

$
203,416

$
192,741

$
203,064

3
 %
(1
)%
 
$
198,131

$
208,567

(5
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 


AUC/A at period end (in trillions) (d)
$
35.5

$
34.5

$
33.1

$
34.5

$
33.6

3
 %
6
 %
 
$
35.5

$
33.6

6
 %
Market value of securities on loan at period end (in billions) (e)
$
369

$
377

$
373

$
415

$
432

(2
)%
(15
)%
 
$
369

$
432

(15
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 


Pershing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Average active clearing accounts (U.S. platform) (in thousands)
6,254

6,169

6,125

6,108

6,080

1
 %
3
 %
 
 
 
 
Average long-term mutual fund assets (U.S. platform)
$
532,384

$
507,606

$
489,491

$
527,336

$
512,645

5
 %
4
 %
 
 
 
 
Average investor margin loans (U.S. platform)
$
9,440

$
10,093

$
10,921

$
10,696

$
10,772

(6
)%
(12
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clearance and Collateral Management:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average tri-party collateral management balances (in billions)
$
3,400

$
3,266

$
3,181

$
2,995

$
2,801

4
 %
21
 %
 
 
 
 
(a)
Asset servicing fees include the fees from the Clearance and Collateral Management business.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain platform-related fees to clearing services fees from investment management and performance fees. Prior periods have been reclassified.
(c)
Other revenue includes investment management and performance fees, financing-related fees, distribution and servicing revenue and investment and other income.
(d)
Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon of $1.4 trillion at June 30, 2019, $1.3 trillion at March 31, 2019, $1.2 trillion at Dec. 31, 2018 and $1.4 trillion at Sept. 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018.
(e)
Represents the total amount of securities on loan in our agency securities lending program managed by the Investment Services business. Excludes securities for which BNY Mellon acts as agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $64 billion at June 30, 2019, $62 billion at March 31, 2019, $58 billion at Dec. 31, 2018, $69 billion at Sept. 30, 2018 and $70 billion at June 30, 2018.
N/M - Not meaningful.


BNY Mellon 13

Business description

BNY Mellon Investment Services provides business services and technology solutions to entities including financial institutions, corporations, foundations and endowments, public funds and government agencies. Our lines of business include: Asset Servicing, Pershing, Issuer Services, Treasury Services and Clearance and Collateral Management.

We are one of the leading global investment services providers with $35.5 trillion of AUC/A at June 30, 2019.

•
We are the primary provider of U.S. government securities clearance and a provider of non-U.S. government securities clearance.
•
We are a leading provider of tri-party collateral management services with an average of $3.4 trillion serviced globally including approximately $2.5 trillion of the U.S. tri-party repo market.
•
Our agency securities lending program is one of the largest lenders of U.S. and non-U.S. securities, servicing a lendable asset pool of approximately $4.1 trillion in 34 separate markets.

The Asset Servicing business provides a comprehensive suite of solutions. As one of the largest global custody and fund accounting providers and a trusted partner, we offer services for the safekeeping of assets in capital markets globally as well as alternative investment and structured product strategies. We provide custody and foreign exchange services, support exchange-traded funds and unit investment trusts and provide our clients outsourcing capabilities. We deliver securities lending and financing solutions on both an agency and principal basis. Our market leading liquidity services portal enables cash investments for institutional clients and includes fund research and analytics.

Pershing provides clearing, custody, business and technology solutions, delivering dependable operational support to financial organizations globally.

The Issuer Services business includes Corporate Trust and Depositary Receipts. Our Corporate Trust business delivers a full range of issuer and related investor services, including trustee, paying agency, fiduciary, escrow and other financial
 
services. We are a leading provider to the debt capital markets, providing customized and market-driven solutions to investors, bondholders and lenders. Our Depositary Receipts business drives global investing by providing servicing and value-added solutions that enable, facilitate and enhance cross-border trading, clearing, settlement and ownership. We are one of the largest providers of depositary receipts services in the world, partnering with leading companies from more than 50 countries.

Our Treasury Services business includes global payments, liquidity management, payables/receivables and trade finance services for financial institutions, corporations and the public sector.

Our Clearance and Collateral Management business clears and settles equity and fixed-income transactions globally and serves as custodian for tri-party repo collateral worldwide. Our collateral services include collateral management, administration and segregation. We offer innovative solutions and industry expertise which help financial institutions and institutional investors with their liquidity, financing, risk and balance sheet challenges.

Review of financial results

AUC/A increased 6% compared with June 30, 2018 to $35.5 trillion, primarily reflecting higher market values and net new business, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar. AUC/A consisted of 35% equity securities and 65% fixed-income securities at June 30, 2019 and 37% equity securities and 63% fixed-income securities at June 30, 2018.

Total revenue of $3.0 billion decreased 3% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and increased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The drivers of total revenue by line of business are indicated below.

Asset Servicing revenue of $1.4 billion decreased 8% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 1% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects lower net interest revenue, lower foreign exchange and securities lending revenue, lower client activity and the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar. The decrease compared with the


14 BNY Mellon

first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects lower net interest revenue.

Pershing revenue of $564 million increased 1% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 2% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both increases primarily reflect higher client assets and volumes, partially offset by lower net interest revenue.

Issuer Services revenue of $446 million increased 3% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 13% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both increases primarily reflect higher fees in Depositary Receipts and Corporate Trust. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2018 was partially offset by lower net interest revenue in Corporate Trust.

Treasury Services revenue of $317 million decreased 4% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and was unchanged compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease primarily reflects lower net interest revenue.

Clearance and Collateral Management revenue of $284 million increased 6% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 3% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both increases primarily reflect growth in clearance volumes and collateral management, partially offset by lower net interest revenue.

Market and regulatory trends are driving investable assets toward lower fee asset management products at reduced margins for our clients. These dynamics are also negatively impacting our investment services fees. However, at the same time, these trends are providing additional outsourcing opportunities as clients and other market participants seek to comply with new regulations and reduce their operating costs.

 
Noninterest expense of $2.0 billion decreased 1% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 was primarily driven by lower staff expense and bank assessment charges and the favorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar, partially offset by higher investments in technology. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects lower staff expense, partially offset by higher volume-related expenses.

Year-to date 2019 compared with year-to-date 2018

Total revenue of $6.0 billion decreased 4% compared with the first six months of 2018. Asset Servicing revenue of $2.8 billion decreased 8% primarily reflecting lower net interest revenue, lower foreign exchange and securities lending revenue, the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar and lower client activity. Pershing revenue of $1.1 billion decreased 2% primarily reflecting previously disclosed lost business and lower net interest revenue, partially offset by higher client assets. Issuer Services revenue of $842 million decreased 1% primarily reflecting lower net interest revenue due to lower Corporate Trust deposits and lower fees in Depositary Receipts, partially offset by higher fees in Corporate Trust. Treasury Services revenue of $634 million decreased 2% primarily reflecting lower net interest revenue. Clearance and Collateral Management revenue of $560 million increased 7% primarily reflecting growth in collateral management and clearance volumes, partially offset by lower net interest revenue.

Noninterest expense of $3.9 billion increased less than 1% compared with the first six months of 2018 primarily reflecting higher investments in technology, partially offset by lower staff expense, the favorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar and lower bank assessment charges.



BNY Mellon 15

Investment Management business

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD19

 
 
 
 
 
 
2Q19 vs.
 
 
 
 vs.
(dollars in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

4Q18

3Q18

2Q18

1Q19

2Q18

 
YTD19

YTD18

YTD18

Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment management fees (a)
$
827

$
806

$
826

$
879

$
885

3
 %
(7
)%
 
$
1,633

$
1,783

(8
)%
Performance fees
2

31

54

30

12

N/M

(83
)
 
33

60

(45
)
Investment management and performance fees (b)
829

837

880

909

897

(1
)
(8
)
 
1,666

1,843

(10
)
Distribution and servicing
44

45

45

47

48

(2
)
(8
)
 
89

98

(9
)
Other (a)
(23
)
(18
)
(35
)
(18
)
(4
)
N/M

N/M

 
(41
)
12

N/M

Total fee and other revenue (a)
850

864

890

938

941

(2
)
(10
)
 
1,714

1,953

(12
)
Net interest revenue
67

75

73

77

77

(11
)
(13
)
 
142

153

(7
)
Total revenue
917

939

963

1,015

1,018

(2
)
(10
)
 
1,856

2,106

(12
)
Provision for credit losses
(2
)
1

1

(2
)
2

N/M

N/M

 
(1
)
4

N/M

Noninterest expense (excluding amortization of intangible assets)
645

660

702

688

685

(2
)
(6
)
 
1,305

1,377

(5
)
Amortization of intangible assets
9

9

13

13

12

—

(25
)
 
18

25

(28
)
Total noninterest expense
654

669

715

701

697

(2
)
(6
)
 
1,323

1,402

(6
)
Income before taxes
$
265

$
269

$
247

$
316

$
319

(1
)%
(17
)%
 
$
534

$
700

(24
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Pre-tax operating margin
29
%
29
%
26
%
31
%
31
%
 
 
 
29
%
33
%


Adjusted pre-tax operating margin – Non-GAAP (c)
32
%
32
%
29
%
35
%
35
%
 
 
 
32
%
37
%


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Total revenue by line of business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Asset Management
$
618

$
637

$
660

$
704

$
702

(3
)%
(12
)%
 
$
1,255

$
1,472

(15
)%
Wealth Management
299

302

303

311

316

(1
)
(5
)
 
601

634

(5
)
Total revenue by line of business
$
917

$
939

$
963

$
1,015

$
1,018

(2
)%
(10
)%
 
$
1,856

$
2,106

(12
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans
$
16,322

$
16,403

$
16,485

$
16,763

$
16,974

—
 %
(4
)%
 
$
16,363

$
16,926

(3
)%
Average deposits
$
14,615

$
15,815

$
14,893

$
14,634

$
14,252

(8
)%
3
 %
 
$
15,211

$
13,810

10
 %
(a)
Total fee and other revenue includes the impact of the consolidated investment management funds, net of noncontrolling interests. Additionally, other revenue includes asset servicing fees, treasury services fees, foreign exchange and other trading revenue and investment and other income.
(b)
On a constant currency basis, investment management and performance fees decreased 6% (Non-GAAP) compared with the second quarter of 2018. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 40 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.
(c)
Net of distribution and servicing expense. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 40 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.
N/M - Not meaningful.



16 BNY Mellon

AUM trends
 
 
 
 
 
2Q19 vs.
(dollars in billions)
2Q19

1Q19

4Q18

3Q18

2Q18

1Q19

2Q18

AUM at period end, by product type: (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
$
152

$
149

$
135

$
167

$
160

2
 %
(5
)%
Fixed income
209

208

200

202

197

—

6

Index
322

333

301

352

334

(3
)
(4
)
Liability-driven investments
709

709

659

652

663

—

7

Multi-asset and alternative investments
184

178

167

184

181

3

2

Cash
267

264

260

271

270

1

(1
)
Total AUM by product type
$
1,843

$
1,841

$
1,722

$
1,828

$
1,805

—
 %
2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 


Changes in AUM: (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance of AUM
$
1,841

$
1,722

$
1,828

$
1,805

$
1,868

 
 
Net (outflows) inflows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term strategies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
(2
)
(4
)
(8
)
(2
)
(3
)
 
 
Fixed income
(4
)
3

(1
)
2

(4
)
 
 
Liability-driven investments
1

5

14

16

2

 
 
Multi-asset and alternative investments
1

(4
)
(2
)
2

(3
)
 
 
Total long-term active strategies (outflows) inflows
(4
)
—

3

18

(8
)
 
 
Index
(22
)
(2
)
(11
)
(3
)
(7
)
 
 
Total long-term strategies (outflows) inflows
(26
)
(2
)
(8
)
15

(15
)
 
 
Short-term strategies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
2

2

(10
)
—

(11
)
 
 
Total net (outflows) inflows
(24
)
—

(18
)
15

(26
)
 
 
Net market impact
42

103

(69
)
18

17

 
 
Net currency impact
(16
)
16

(19
)
(10
)
(53
)
 
 
Divestiture/other
—

—

—

—

(1
)
 
 
Ending balance of AUM
$
1,843

$
1,841

$
1,722

$
1,828

$
1,805

—
 %
2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 




Wealth Management client assets (b)
$
257

$
253

$
239

$
261

$
254

2
 %
1
 %
(a)    Excludes securities lending cash management assets and assets managed in the Investment Services business.
(b)    Includes AUM and AUC/A in the Wealth Management business.


Business description

Our Investment Management business consists of two lines of business, Asset Management and Wealth Management. The Asset Management business offers diversified investment management strategies and distribution of investment products. The Wealth Management business provides investment management, custody, wealth and estate planning and private banking services. See pages 18 and 19 of our 2018 Annual Report for additional information on our Investment Management business.

Review of financial results

AUM increased 2% compared with June 30, 2018 primarily reflecting higher market values, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and net outflows.

Net long-term strategy outflows were $26 billion in the second quarter of 2019, primarily resulting from
 
outflows of index and fixed income funds. Market and regulatory trends have resulted in increased demand for lower fee asset management products, and for performance-based fees.

Total revenue of $917 million decreased 10% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 2% compared with the first quarter of 2019.

Asset Management revenue of $618 million decreased 12% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 3% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 primarily reflects the change in AUM, which was impacted by the cumulative outflows since the second quarter of 2018, partially offset by higher market values. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 also reflects the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and the impact of divestitures and hedging activities. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflects the timing of


BNY Mellon 17

performance fees and the impact of AUM outflows, partially offset by higher market values.

Wealth Management revenue of $299 million decreased 5% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 1% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both decreases primarily reflect lower net interest revenue, partially offset by higher market values.

Revenue generated in the Investment Management business included 38% from non-U.S. sources in the second quarter of 2019, compared with 41% in the second quarter of 2018 and 40% in the first quarter of 2019.

Noninterest expense of $654 million decreased 6% compared with the second quarter of 2018 and 2% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Both decreases reflect lower staff expense. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 also
reflects the favorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar and lower distribution and servicing expense.
 
Year-to date 2019 compared with year-to-date 2018

Total revenue of $1.9 billion decreased 12% compared with the first six months of 2018. Asset Management revenue of $1.3 billion decreased 15%, primarily reflecting net outflows, the impact of divestitures, the unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and the impact of hedging activities, partially offset by higher market values. Wealth management revenue of $601 million decreased 5%, reflecting lower net interest revenue and fees.

Noninterest expense of $1.3 billion decreased 6% compared with the first six months of 2018, primarily reflecting lower staff expense, the favorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and lower distribution and servicing expense.


Other segment

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

4Q18

3Q18

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Fee revenue
$
34

$
29

$
29

$
7

$
40

$
63

$
97

Net securities gains (losses)
7

1

—

—

1

8

(48
)
Total fee and other revenue
41

30

29

7

41

71

49

Net interest (expense)
(40
)
(30
)
(15
)
(13
)
(35
)
(70
)
(36
)
Total revenue (loss)
1

—

14

(6
)
6

1

13

Provision for credit losses
(2
)
(2
)
(7
)
(2
)
(6
)
(4
)
(6
)
Noninterest expense
39

61

160

6

81

100

168

(Loss) before taxes
$
(36
)
$
(59
)
$
(139
)
$
(10
)
$
(69
)
$
(95
)
$
(149
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans and leases
$
1,764

$
1,784

$
1,809

$
2,000

$
2,090

$
1,774

$
2,308



See page 20 of our 2018 Annual Report for additional information on the Other segment.

Review of financial results

Fee revenue, net securities gains and net interest expense are primarily related to corporate treasury and other investment activity, including hedging activity which offsets between fee revenue and net interest expense.

Noninterest expense decreased $42 million compared with the second quarter of 2018 and $22 million compared with the first quarter of 2019, primarily reflecting lower staff expense. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2018 also
 
reflects the expenses associated with relocating our corporate headquarters, of which $12 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2018.

Year-to date 2019 compared with year-to-date 2018

Losses before taxes decreased $54 million compared with the first six months of 2018. Total revenue decreased $12 million, primarily reflecting corporate treasury activity and lower asset-related gains, partially offset by net securities losses recorded in the first six months of 2018. Noninterest expense decreased $68 million, primarily reflecting expenses associated with relocating our corporate headquarters recorded in 2018 and lower staff expense.


18 BNY Mellon

Critical accounting estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report. Our critical accounting estimates are those related to the allowance for loan losses and allowance for lending-related commitments, fair value of financial instruments and derivatives, goodwill and other intangibles and litigation and regulatory contingencies, as referenced below.

Critical policy
Reference
Allowance for loan losses and allowance for lending-related commitments
2018 Annual Report, pages 24-25.
Fair value of financial instruments and derivatives
2018 Annual Report, pages 25-27.
Goodwill and other intangibles
2018 Annual Report, page 27.
Also, see below.
Litigation and regulatory contingencies
“Legal proceedings” in Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


Goodwill and other intangible assets

BNY Mellon’s three business segments include seven reporting units for which goodwill impairment testing is performed on an annual basis. The Investment Services segment is comprised of four reporting units; the Investment Management segment is comprised of two reporting units and one reporting unit is included in the Other segment.

In the second quarter of 2019, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test on all seven reporting units using an income approach to estimate fair values of each reporting unit. Estimated cash flows used in the income approach were based on management’s projections as of March 31, 2019. The discount rate applied to these cash flows was 10% and incorporated a 6% market equity risk premium. Estimated cash flows extend far into the future, and, by their nature, are difficult to estimate over such an extended time frame.

As a result of the annual goodwill impairment test of the seven reporting units, no goodwill impairment was recognized. The fair values of six of the Company’s reporting units were substantially in excess of the respective reporting units’ carrying value. The Asset Management reporting unit, with $7.2 billion of allocated goodwill, which is one of the
 
two reporting units in the Investment Management segment, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 18%. For the Asset Management reporting unit, in the future, small changes in the assumptions, such as changes in the level of AUM and operating margin, could produce a non-cash goodwill impairment. See “Critical accounting estimates” in the 2018 Annual Report for additional information on the annual goodwill impairment test.

Consolidated balance sheet review

One of our key risk management objectives is to maintain a balance sheet that remains strong throughout market cycles to meet the expectations of our major stakeholders, including our shareholders, clients, creditors and regulators.

We also seek to undertake overall liquidity risk, including intraday liquidity risk, that stays within our risk appetite. The objective of our balance sheet management strategy is to maintain a balance sheet that is characterized by strong liquidity and asset quality, ready access to external funding sources at competitive rates and a strong capital structure that supports our risk-taking activities and is adequate to absorb potential losses. In managing the balance sheet, appropriate consideration is given to balancing the competing needs of maintaining sufficient levels of liquidity and complying with applicable regulations and supervisory expectations while optimizing profitability.

At June 30, 2019, total assets were $381 billion, compared with $363 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. The increase in total assets was primarily driven by higher federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. Deposits totaled $253 billion at June 30, 2019, compared with $239 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. The increase reflects higher interest-bearing deposits in both U.S. and non-U.S. offices, partially offset by lower noninterest-bearing deposits principally in U.S. offices. Total interest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total interest-earning assets were 60% at June 30, 2019 and 54% at Dec. 31, 2018.

At June 30, 2019, available funds totaled $152 billion which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. This compares with available


BNY Mellon 19

funds of $135 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Total available funds as a percentage of total assets were 40% at June 30, 2019 and 37% at Dec. 31, 2018. For additional information on our liquid funds and available funds, see “Liquidity and dividends.”

Securities were $120.1 billion, or 32% of total assets, at June 30, 2019, compared with $119.8 billion, or 33% of total assets, at Dec. 31, 2018. Lower investments in U.S. Treasury and state and political subdivision securities were more than offset by additional investments in agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed securities and an increase in the net unrealized pre-tax gain, as well as additional investments in nearly all other types of securities. For additional information on our securities portfolio, see “Securities” and Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loans were $52 billion, or 14% of total assets, at June 30, 2019, compared with $57 billion, or 16% of total assets, at Dec. 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by lower margin loans and overdrafts. For additional information on our loan portfolio, see “Loans” and Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Long-term debt totaled $28 billion at June 30, 2019 and $29 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. The decrease
 
reflects maturities of $2.8 billion, partially offset by issuances and an increase in the fair value of hedged long-term debt. For additional information on long-term debt, see “Liquidity and dividends.”

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation total shareholders’ equity increased to $41.5 billion from $40.6 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. For additional information on our capital, see “Capital.”

Country risk exposure

The following table presents BNY Mellon’s top 10 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of June 30, 2019, as well as certain countries with higher risk profiles, and is presented on an internal risk management basis. We monitor our exposure to these and other countries as part of our internal country risk management process.

The country risk exposure below reflects the Company’s risk to an immediate default of the counterparty or obligor based on the country of residence of the entity which incurs the liability. If there is credit risk mitigation, the country of residence of the entity providing the risk mitigation is the country of risk. The country of risk for investment securities is generally based on the domicile of the issuer of the security.

Country risk exposure
Interest-bearing deposits
 
 
 
Investment securities (b)

 
 
 
Total exposure

 
(in billions)
Central banks

Banks

 
Lending (a)

 
 
Other (c)

 
 
Top 10 country exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UK
$
14.1

$
1.0

 
$
2.4

 
$
4.2

 
$
2.0

 
$
23.7

 
Germany
18.0

0.5

 
0.7

 
3.0

 
0.2

 
22.4

 
Japan
14.2

0.8

 
0.2

 
—

 
0.1

 
15.3

 
Belgium
6.0

1.0

 
0.1

 
0.2

 
—

 
7.3

 
Canada
—

1.6

 
0.2

 
2.6

 
0.8

 
5.2

 
China
—

2.2

 
0.8

 
—

 
0.3

 
3.3

 
France
—

0.2

 
—

 
2.0

 
0.4

 
2.6

 
Netherlands
—

—

 
0.3

 
1.8

 
0.1

 
2.2

 
Australia
—

1.1

 
0.3

 
0.5

 
0.3

 
2.2

 
Italy
—

0.7

 
—

 
1.3

 
—

 
2.0

 
Total Top 10 country exposure
$
52.3

$
9.1


$
5.0


$
15.6


$
4.2


$
86.2

(d)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Select country exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
$
—

$
0.2

 
$
0.1

 
$
1.3

 
$
—

 
$
1.6

 
Brazil
—

—

 
1.4

 
0.1

 
0.1

 
1.6

 
Total select country exposure
$
—

$
0.2


$
1.5


$
1.4


$
0.1


$
3.2

 
(a)
Lending includes loans, acceptances, issued letters of credit, net of participations, and lending-related commitments.
(b)
Investment securities include both the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios.
(c)
Other exposures include over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative and securities financing transactions, net of collateral.
(d)
The top 10 country exposures comprise approximately 80% of our total non-U.S. exposure.




20 BNY Mellon

Our largest country risk exposure, based on our internal country risk management process at June 30, 2019, was to the UK, which is planning to withdraw from the European Union (“EU”). For additional information, see “Recent accounting and regulatory developments - The United Kingdom’s Withdrawal from the European Union (“Brexit”)” in our first quarter 2019 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our 2018 Annual Report, “Risk Factors - The United Kingdom’s referendum decision to leave the EU has had and may continue to have negative effects on global economic conditions, global financial markets, and our business and results of operations.”

Events in recent years have resulted in increased focus on Italy, Spain and Brazil. The country risk exposure to Italy and Spain primarily consists of
 
investment grade sovereign debt. The country risk exposure to Brazil is primarily short-term trade finance loans extended to large financial institutions. We also have operations in Brazil providing investment services and investment management services.

Securities

In the discussion of our securities portfolio, we have included certain credit ratings information because the information can indicate the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed. Significant changes in ratings classifications for our securities portfolio could indicate increased credit risk for us and could be accompanied by a reduction in the fair value of our securities portfolio.


The following table shows the distribution of our total securities portfolio.

Securities portfolio
March 31, 2019

 
2Q19
change in
unrealized
gain (loss)

June 30, 2019
Fair value
as a % of amortized
cost (a)

Unrealized
gain (loss)

 
Ratings (b)
 
 
 
 
 
BB+
and
lower
 
(dollars in millions)
 Fair
value

 
Amortized
cost

Fair
value

 
 
AAA/
AA-
A+/
A-
BBB+/
BBB-
Not
rated
Agency RMBS
$
50,872

 
$
503

$
52,816

$
52,860

 
100
%
$
44

 
100
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
U.S. Treasury
19,545

 
82

18,272

18,284

 
100

12

 
100

—

—

—

—

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed (c)
12,811

 
32

13,007

13,146

 
101

139

 
76

3

20

1

—

Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)
10,800

 
56

10,678

10,689

 
100

11

 
100

—

—

—

—

Supranational
3,541

 
13

3,903

3,925

 
101

22

 
100

—

—

—

—

U.S. government agencies
3,556

 
8

3,861

3,866

 
100

5

 
100

—

—

—

—

CLOs
3,373

 
9

3,665

3,649

 
100

(16
)
 
98

—

—

1

1

Foreign covered bonds (d)
3,053

 
12

3,465

3,479

 
100

14

 
100

—

—

—

—

Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”)
2,037

 
6

2,466

2,470

 
100

4

 
100

—

—

—

—

Non-agency commercial MBS
1,476

 
30

1,968

1,993

 
101

25

 
98

2

—

—

—

Non-agency RMBS (e)
1,354

 
(1
)
1,090

1,314

 
121

224

 
13

12

5

44

26

State and political subdivisions
2,183

 
10

1,270

1,297

 
102

27

 
72

27

—

—

1

Corporate bonds
903

 
13

889

905

 
102

16

 
16

69

15

—

—

Other
1,476

 
1

1,671

1,674

 
100

3

 
89

7

—

—

4

Total securities
$
116,980

(f)
$
774

$
119,021

$
119,551

(f)
100
%
$
530

(f)(g)
95
%
2
%
2
%
1
%
—
%
(a)
Amortized cost reflects historical impairments.
(b)
Represents ratings by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or the equivalent.
(c)
Primarily consists of exposure to UK, Germany, France, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands.
(d)
Primarily consists of exposure to Canada, UK, Australia and Sweden.
(e)
Includes RMBS that were included in the former Grantor Trust of $791 million at March 31, 2019 and $753 million at June 30, 2019.
(f)
Includes net unrealized losses on derivatives hedging securities available-for-sale of $252 million at March 31, 2019 and $737 million at June 30, 2019.
(g)
Unrealized gains of $384 million at June 30, 2019 related to available-for-sale securities, net of hedges.


The fair value of our securities portfolio, including related hedges, was $119.6 billion at June 30, 2019, compared with $119.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Lower investments in U.S. Treasury and state and political subdivision securities were more than offset
 
by additional investments in agency RMBS, sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed securities and an increase in the net unrealized pre-tax gain as well as additional investments in nearly all other types of securities.


BNY Mellon 21

At June 30, 2019, the total securities portfolio had a net unrealized gain of $530 million, compared with a net unrealized loss of $907 million at Dec. 31, 2018, including the impact of related hedges. The increase in the net unrealized pre-tax gain was primarily driven by lower market interest rates.

The unrealized gain (after-tax) on our available-for-sale securities portfolio, net of hedges, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) was $287 million at June 30, 2019, compared with an unrealized loss (after-tax) of $167 million at Dec. 31, 2018.

 
At June 30, 2019, 95% of the securities in our portfolio were rated AAA/AA-, unchanged when compared with Dec. 31, 2018.

See Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the pre-tax net securities gains (losses) by security type. See Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of securities by level in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents the amortizable purchase premium (net of discount) related to the securities portfolio and accretable discount related to the 2009 restructuring of the securities portfolio.

Net premium amortization and discount accretion of securities (a)
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

4Q18

3Q18

2Q18

Amortizable purchase premium (net of discount) relating to securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at period end
$
1,315

$
1,388

$
1,429

$
1,536

$
1,642

Estimated average life remaining at period end (in years)
4.5

4.8

5.0

5.2

5.3

Amortization
$
91

$
78

$
92

$
108

$
115

Accretable discount related to the prior restructuring of the securities portfolio:
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at period end
$
181

$
193

$
207

$
224

$
239

Estimated average life remaining at period end (in years)
6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

Accretion
$
13

$
16

$
17

$
20

$
24

(a)
Amortization of purchase premium decreases net interest revenue while accretion of discount increases net interest revenue. Both were recorded on a level yield basis.


 

Loans 

Total exposure – consolidated
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
(in billions)
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total
exposure

 
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total
exposure

Non-margin loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial institutions
$
11.5

$
35.6

$
47.1

 
$
11.6

$
34.0

$
45.6

Commercial
1.7

13.6

15.3

 
2.1

15.2

17.3

Subtotal institutional
13.2

49.2

62.4

 
13.7

49.2

62.9

Wealth management loans and mortgages
15.7

0.8

16.5

 
16.0

0.8

16.8

Commercial real estate
5.2

3.6

8.8

 
4.8

3.5

8.3

Lease financings
1.2

—

1.2

 
1.3

—

1.3

Other residential mortgages
0.6

—

0.6

 
0.6

—

0.6

Overdrafts
4.7

—

4.7

 
5.5

—

5.5

Other
1.2

—

1.2

 
1.2

—

1.2

Subtotal non-margin loans
41.8

53.6

95.4

 
43.1

53.5

96.6

Margin loans
10.6

0.1

10.7

 
13.5

0.1

13.6

Total
$
52.4

$
53.7

$
106.1

 
$
56.6

$
53.6

$
110.2

 




22 BNY Mellon

At June 30, 2019, total exposures of $106.1 billion decreased 4% compared with Dec. 31, 2018, primarily reflecting lower margin loans, commercial exposure and overdrafts, partially offset by higher financial institutions exposure.
 
Our financial institutions and commercial portfolios comprise our largest concentrated risk. These portfolios comprised 59% of our total exposure at June 30, 2019 and 57% at Dec. 31, 2018. Additionally, most of our overdrafts relate to financial institutions.

Financial institutions

The financial institutions portfolio is shown below.

Financial institutions
portfolio exposure
(dollars in billions)
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total
exposure

% Inv.
grade

% due
<1 yr.

 
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total
exposure

Securities industry
$
2.5

$
24.3

$
26.8

99
%
92
%
 
$
3.1

$
22.5

$
25.6

Asset managers
1.4

6.7

8.1

98

81

 
1.3

6.1

7.4

Banks
6.5

1.0

7.5

76

98

 
6.3

1.6

7.9

Insurance
0.1

2.4

2.5

100

10

 
0.1

2.5

2.6

Government
0.1

0.3

0.4

100

16

 
0.1

0.5

0.6

Other
0.9

0.9

1.8

86

56

 
0.7

0.8

1.5

Total
$
11.5

$
35.6

$
47.1

95
%
85
%
 
$
11.6

$
34.0

$
45.6

 


The financial institutions portfolio exposure was $47.1 billion at June 30, 2019, an increase of 3% from Dec. 31, 2018, primarily reflecting higher exposure to the securities industry and asset managers portfolios, partially offset by lower exposure to the banks portfolio.

Financial institution exposures are high-quality, with 95% of the exposures meeting the investment grade equivalent criteria of our internal credit rating classification at June 30, 2019. Each customer is assigned an internal credit rating, which is mapped to an equivalent external rating agency grade based upon a number of dimensions, which are continually evaluated and may change over time. The exposure to financial institutions is generally short-term. Of these exposures, 85% expire within one year and 16% expire within 90 days. In addition, 84% of the financial institutions exposure is secured. For example, securities industry clients and asset managers often borrow against marketable securities held in custody.

For ratings of non-U.S. counterparties, our internal credit rating is generally capped at a rating equivalent to the sovereign rating of the country where the counterparty resides, regardless of the internal credit
 
rating assigned to the counterparty or the underlying collateral.

At June 30, 2019, the secured intraday credit provided to dealers in connection with their tri-party repo activity totaled $20.6 billion and was primarily included in the securities industry portfolio. Dealers secure the outstanding intraday credit with high-quality liquid collateral having a market value in excess of the amount of the outstanding credit.

Our bank exposure primarily relates to our global trade finance. These exposures are short-term in nature, with 98% due in less than one year. The investment grade percentage of our bank exposure was 76% at June 30, 2019, compared with 77% at Dec. 31, 2018. Our non-investment grade exposures are primarily in Brazil. These loans are primarily trade finance loans.

The asset manager portfolio exposure was high-quality, with 98% of the exposures meeting our investment grade equivalent ratings criteria as of June 30, 2019. These exposures are generally short-term liquidity facilities, with the majority to regulated mutual funds.



BNY Mellon 23

Commercial

The commercial portfolio is presented below.

Commercial portfolio exposure
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
(dollars in billions)
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total
exposure

% Inv.
grade

% due
<1 yr.

 
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total
exposure

Manufacturing
$
0.7

$
4.7

$
5.4

94
%
7
%
 
$
0.8

$
5.1

$
5.9

Services and other
0.7

3.9

4.6

96

16

 
0.7

4.8

5.5

Energy and utilities
0.3

3.8

4.1

95

7

 
0.5

4.1

4.6

Media and telecom
—

1.2

1.2

93

8

 
0.1

1.2

1.3

Total
$
1.7

$
13.6

$
15.3

95
%
10
%
 
$
2.1

$
15.2

$
17.3

 


The commercial portfolio exposure was $15.3 billion at June 30, 2019, a decrease of 12% from Dec. 31, 2018, primarily driven by lower unfunded commitments.

Utilities-related exposure represents approximately 76% of the energy and utilities portfolio at June 30, 2019. Included in this portfolio is unsecured funded exposure of approximately $100 million to a California utility company that filed for bankruptcy in the first quarter of 2019. In July, we entered into agreements to sell all of this exposure, which are expected to settle in the third quarter of 2019, and will result in an $8 million reduction to the allowance for credit losses.

The remaining exposure in the energy and utilities portfolio, which includes exposure to refining, exploration and production companies, integrated companies and pipelines, was 94% investment grade at June 30, 2019, and 88% at Dec. 31, 2018.

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment grade clients that are active users of our non-credit services. The following table summarizes the percentage of the financial institutions and commercial portfolio exposures that are investment grade.

Percentage of the portfolios that are investment grade
 
 
Quarter ended
 
June 30,
2019

March 31,
2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Sept. 30, 2018

June 30, 2018

Financial institutions
95
%
94
%
95
%
94
%
94
%
Commercial
95
%
95
%
95
%
95
%
96
%


 
Wealth management loans and mortgages

Our wealth management exposure was $16.5 billion at June 30, 2019, compared with $16.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Wealth management loans and mortgages primarily consist of loans to high-net-worth individuals, which are secured by marketable securities and/or residential property. Wealth management mortgages are primarily interest-only, adjustable-rate mortgages with a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 62% at origination. Less than 1% of the mortgages were past due at June 30, 2019.

At June 30, 2019, the wealth management mortgage portfolio consisted of the following geographic concentrations: California - 23%; New York - 18%; Massachusetts - 10%; Florida - 8%; and other - 41%.

Commercial real estate

Our commercial real estate exposure totaled $8.8 billion at June 30, 2019, compared with $8.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Our income-producing commercial real estate facilities are focused on experienced owners and are structured with moderate leverage based on existing cash flows. Our commercial real estate lending activities also include construction and renovation facilities. Our client base consists of experienced developers and long-term holders of real estate assets. Loans are approved on the basis of existing or projected cash flows and supported by appraisals and knowledge of local market conditions. Development loans are structured with moderate leverage, and in many instances, involve some level of recourse to the developer.

At June 30, 2019, 63% of our commercial real estate portfolio was secured. The secured portfolio is diverse by project type, with 42% secured by residential buildings, 40% secured by office


24 BNY Mellon

buildings, 9% secured by retail properties and 9% secured by other categories. Approximately 96% of the unsecured portfolio consists of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and real estate operating companies, which are both predominantly investment grade.

At June 30, 2019, our commercial real estate portfolio consisted of the following concentrations: New York metro - 42%; REITs and real estate operating companies - 36%; and other - 22%.

Lease financings

The leasing portfolio exposure totaled $1.2 billion at June 30, 2019 and $1.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2018 and consisted of exposures backed by well-diversified assets, including large-ticket transportation equipment, the largest consisting of passenger and freight train cars. At June 30, 2019, approximately 97% of the leasing portfolio exposure was investment grade, or investment grade equivalent.

Other residential mortgages

The other residential mortgages portfolio primarily consists of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans and totaled $549 million at June 30, 2019 and $594 million at Dec. 31, 2018. Included in this portfolio at June 30, 2019 were $111 million of mortgage loans purchased in 2005, 2006 and the first quarter of 2007, of which 10% of the serviced loan balance was at least 60 days delinquent.

 
Overdrafts

Overdrafts primarily relate to custody and securities clearance clients and are generally repaid within two business days.

Other loans

Other loans primarily include loans to consumers that are fully collateralized with equities, mutual funds and fixed-income securities.

Margin loans

Margin loan exposure of $10.7 billion at June 30, 2019 and $13.6 billion at Dec. 31, 2018 was collateralized with marketable securities. Borrowers are required to maintain a daily collateral margin in excess of 100% of the value of the loan. Margin loans included $1.1 billion at June 30, 2019 and $2.6 billion at Dec. 31, 2018 related to a term loan program that offers fully collateralized loans to broker-dealers. The decrease in margin loans was primarily driven by lower client demand.

Asset quality and allowance for credit losses

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment grade clients who are active users of our non-credit services. Our primary exposure to the credit risk of a customer consists of funded loans, unfunded contractual commitments to lend, standby letters of credit (“SBLC”) and overdrafts associated with our custody and securities clearance businesses.



BNY Mellon 25

The following table details changes in our allowance for credit losses.

Allowance for credit losses activity
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

June 30, 2018

(dollars in millions)
Non-margin loans
$
41,794

$
41,176

$
43,080

$
42,719

Margin loans
10,602

12,311

13,484

15,057

Total loans
$
52,396

$
53,487

$
56,564

$
57,776

Beginning balance of allowance for credit losses
$
248

$
252

$
251

$
256

Provision for credit losses
(8
)
7

—

(3
)
Net recoveries (charge-offs):
 
 
 
 
Other residential mortgages
2

—

—

1

Wealth management loans and mortgages
(1
)
—

—

—

Commercial
—

(11
)
—

—

Foreign
—

—

1

—

Net recoveries (charge-offs)
1

(11
)
1

1

Ending balance of allowance for credit losses
$
241

$
248

$
252

$
254

Allowance for loan losses
$
146

$
146

$
146

$
145

Allowance for lending-related commitments
95

102

106

109

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans
0.28
%
0.27
%
0.26
%
0.25
%
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-margin loans
0.35

0.35

0.34

0.34

Total allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans
0.46

0.46

0.45

0.44

Total allowance for credit losses as a percentage of non-margin loans
0.58

0.60

0.58

0.59



The allowance for credit losses decreased $11 million compared with Dec. 31, 2018, primarily reflecting a decrease in loans and lending-related commitments.

The provision for credit losses was a credit of $8 million in the second quarter 2019 driven by lower credit exposure. The provision of $7 million in the first quarter 2019 was driven by our exposure to a California utility company that filed for bankruptcy.

We had $10.6 billion of secured margin loans on our balance sheet at June 30, 2019 compared with $13.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2018 and $15.1 billion at June 30, 2018. We have rarely suffered a loss on these types of loans and do not allocate any of our allowance for credit losses to them. As a result, we believe that the ratio of total allowance for credit losses as a percentage of non-margin loans is a more appropriate metric to measure the adequacy of the reserve.

The allowance for loan losses and allowance for lending-related commitments represent management’s estimate of losses inherent in our credit portfolio. This evaluation process is subject to numerous estimates and judgments. To the extent actual results differ from forecasts or management’s judgment, the allowance for credit losses may be greater or less than future charge-offs.

 
Based on an evaluation of the allowance for credit losses as discussed in “Critical accounting estimates” and Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, both in our 2018 Annual Report, we have allocated our allowance for credit losses as follows.

 
Allocation of allowance
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

June 30, 2018

 
 
Commercial
32
%
33
%
32
%
30
%
 
Commercial real estate
30

30

30

29

 
Foreign
13

12

13

13

 
Financial institutions
9

9

9

10

 
Wealth management (a)
8

8

8

9

 
Other residential mortgages
6

6

6

7

 
Lease financing
2

2

2

2

 
Total
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
(a)
Includes the allowance for wealth management mortgages.


The allocation of the allowance for credit losses is inherently judgmental, and the entire allowance for credit losses is available to absorb credit losses regardless of the nature of the losses.

The credit rating assigned to each credit is a significant variable in determining the allowance. If each credit were rated one grade better, the allowance would have decreased by $56 million, while if each credit were rated one grade worse, the allowance would have increased by $107 million. Similarly, if the loss given default were one rating worse, the allowance would have increased by $34 million, while if the loss given default were one rating better,


26 BNY Mellon

the allowance would have decreased by $28 million. For impaired credits, if the net carrying value of the loans was 10% higher or lower, the allowance would have decreased or increased by less than $1 million, respectively.

Nonperforming assets

The table below presents our nonperforming assets.

Nonperforming assets
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(dollars in millions)
Nonperforming loans:
 
 
Commercial
$
96

$
—

Other residential mortgages
65

67

Wealth management loans and mortgages
23

9

Total nonperforming loans
184

76

Other assets owned
2

3

Total nonperforming assets (a)
$
186

$
79

Nonperforming assets ratio
0.35
%
0.14
%
Nonperforming assets ratio, excluding margin loans
0.45

0.18

Allowance for loan losses/nonperforming loans
79.3

192.1

Allowance for loan losses/nonperforming assets
78.5

184.8

Total allowance for credit losses/nonperforming loans
131.0

331.6

Total allowance for credit losses/nonperforming assets
129.6

319.0

(a)
In the second quarter 2019, we refined the application of our nonperforming assets policy for first lien residential mortgage loans greater than 90 days delinquent that resulted in a $12 million increase in nonperforming assets.


Nonperforming assets activity
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
Balance at beginning of quarter
$
174

$
81

Additions
17

4

Return to accrual status
—

(1
)
Charge-offs
1

(1
)
Paydowns/sales
(6
)
(4
)
Balance at end of quarter
$
186

$
79



Nonperforming assets increased by $107 million compared with Dec. 31, 2018, primarily reflecting loans to a California utility company that filed for bankruptcy. Our nonperforming assets are expected to decrease in the third quarter of 2019 as a result of sales of the loans related to this utility company.


 
Deposits

Total deposits were $252.9 billion at June 30, 2019, an increase of 6%, compared with $238.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. The increase reflects higher interest-bearing deposits in both U.S. and non-U.S. offices, partially offset by lower noninterest-bearing deposits principally in U.S. offices.

Noninterest-bearing deposits were $58.3 billion at June 30, 2019 compared with $70.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Interest-bearing deposits were $194.6 billion at June 30, 2019 compared with $168.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2018.

Short-term borrowings

We fund ourselves primarily through deposits and, to a lesser extent, other short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Short-term borrowings consist of federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, payables to customers and broker-dealers, commercial paper and other borrowed funds. Certain other borrowings, for example, securities sold under repurchase agreements, require the delivery of securities as collateral.

Information related to federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements is presented below.

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$
12,127

$
12,113

$
14,138

Average daily balance (a)
$
11,809

$
11,922

$
18,146

Weighted-average rate during the quarter (a)
12.64
%
11.26
%
3.48
%
Ending balance (b)
$
11,757

$
11,761

$
13,200

Weighted-average rate at period end (b)
14.43
%
9.82
%
4.24
%
(a)
Includes the average impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of $50,710 million for the second quarter of 2019, $44,091 million for the first quarter of 2019 and $17,975 million for the second quarter of 2018. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the weighted-average rates would have been 2.39% for the second quarter of 2019, 2.40% for the first quarter of 2019 and 1.75% for the second quarter of 2018. We believe providing the rates excluding the impact of netting is useful to investors as it is more reflective of the actual rates paid.
(b)
Includes the impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of $78,433 million at June 30, 2019, $47,461 million at March 31, 2019 and $36,766 million at June 30, 2018.


BNY Mellon 27

Fluctuations of federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements between periods reflect changes in overnight borrowing opportunities. The increase in the weighted-average rates, compared with both March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2018, primarily reflects the increase in repurchase agreement activity with the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”), where we record interest expense gross, but the average balances reflect the impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements. The increased activity primarily relates to government securities collateralized resale and repurchase agreements executed with clients that are novated to and settle with the FICC.

Information related to payables to customers and broker-dealers is presented below.

Payables to customers and broker-dealers
 
Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$
19,149

$
20,343

$
20,349

Average daily balance (a)
$
18,679

$
19,291

$
19,402

Weighted-average rate during the quarter (a)
1.76
%
1.76
%
1.10
%
Ending balance
$
18,946

$
19,310

$
19,123

Weighted-average rate at period end
1.73
%
1.75
%
1.08
%
(a)
The weighted-average rate is calculated based on, and is applied to, the average interest-bearing payables to customers and broker-dealers, which were $15,666 million in the second quarter of 2019, $16,108 million in the first quarter of 2019 and $16,349 million in the second quarter of 2018.


Payables to customers and broker-dealers represent funds awaiting re-investment and short sale proceeds payable on demand. Payables to customers and broker-dealers are driven by customer trading activity levels and market volatility.

 
Information related to commercial paper is presented below.

Commercial paper
Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$
8,894

$
4,601

$
4,470

Average daily balance
$
2,957

$
1,377

$
3,869

Weighted-average rate during the quarter
2.43
%
2.44
%
2.13
%
Ending balance
$
8,894

$
2,773

$
2,508

Weighted-average rate at period end
2.35
%
2.40
%
2.24
%


The Bank of New York Mellon issues commercial paper that matures within 397 days from date of issue and is not redeemable prior to maturity or subject to voluntary prepayment. The fluctuations in the commercial paper balances, compared with prior periods, primarily reflect funding of investments in short-term assets.

Information related to other borrowed funds is presented below.

Other borrowed funds
Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$
2,732

$
3,969

$
3,053

Average daily balance
$
2,455

$
3,305

$
2,399

Weighted-average rate during the quarter
3.36
%
2.87
%
2.40
%
Ending balance
$
1,921

$
3,932

$
3,053

Weighted-average rate at period end
3.84
%
3.31
%
2.53
%


Other borrowed funds primarily include borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), overdrafts of sub-custodian account balances in our Investment Services businesses, finance lease liabilities and borrowings under lines of credit by our Pershing subsidiaries. Overdrafts typically relate to timing differences for settlements. The decrease in other borrowed funds, compared with prior periods, primarily reflects a decrease in borrowings from the FHLB.



28 BNY Mellon

Liquidity and dividends

BNY Mellon defines liquidity as the ability of the Parent and its subsidiaries to access funding or convert assets to cash quickly and efficiently, or to roll over or issue new debt, especially during periods of market stress, at a reasonable cost, and in order to meet its short-term (up to one year) obligations. Funding liquidity risk is the risk that BNY Mellon cannot meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost for both expected and unexpected cash flow and collateral needs without adversely affecting daily operations or our financial condition. Funding liquidity risk can arise from funding mismatches, market constraints from the inability to convert assets into cash, the inability to hold or raise cash, low overnight deposits, deposit run-off or contingent liquidity events.

We also manage liquidity risk on an intraday basis. Intraday liquidity risk is the risk that BNY Mellon cannot access funds during the business day to make payments or settle immediate obligations, usually in real time. Intraday liquidity risk can arise from timing mismatches, market constraints from the inability to convert assets into cash, the inability to raise cash intraday, low overnight deposits and/or adverse stress events.
 
Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operational, legal and reputational risks also can affect BNY Mellon’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in our liquidity risk framework.

The Parent’s policy is to have access to sufficient unencumbered cash and cash equivalents at each quarter-end to cover forecasted debt redemptions, net interest payments and net tax payments for the following 18-month period, and to provide sufficient collateral to satisfy transactions subject to Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act. As of June 30, 2019, the Parent was in compliance with this policy.

For additional information on our liquidity policy, see “Risk Management - Liquidity risk” in our 2018 Annual Report.

We define available funds for internal liquidity management purposes as cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. The following table presents our total available funds at period end and on an average basis.

Available funds
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Average
(dollars in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

Cash and due from banks
$
5,556

$
5,864

$
5,083

$
4,853

$
4,916

Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
69,700

67,988

61,756

63,583

69,676

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
15,491

14,148

13,666

13,857

15,748

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
61,201

46,795

38,038

28,968

28,051

Total available funds
$
151,948

$
134,795

$
118,543

$
111,261

$
118,391

Total available funds as a percentage of total assets
40
%
37
%
35
%
33
%
34
%
 


Total available funds were $151.9 billion at June 30, 2019, compared with $134.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements and interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks.

Average non-core sources of funds, such as federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, trading liabilities, commercial paper and other borrowed funds, were $18.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $25.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease primarily reflects a decrease in federal funds
 
purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements.

Average foreign deposits, primarily from our European-based Investment Services businesses, were $91.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared with $101.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease primarily reflects client activity. Average interest-bearing domestic deposits were $72.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $52.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase primarily reflects an increase in demand deposits.



BNY Mellon 29

Average payables to customers and broker-dealers were $15.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $16.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Payables to customers and broker-dealers are driven by customer trading activity and market volatility.

Average long-term debt was $28.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $28.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Average noninterest-bearing deposits decreased to $53.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $67.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily reflecting client activity.

 
A significant reduction in our Investment Services business would reduce our access to deposits. See “Asset/liability management” for additional factors that could impact our deposit balances.

Sources of liquidity

The Parent’s three major sources of liquidity are access to the debt and equity markets, dividends from its subsidiaries, and cash on hand and cash otherwise made available in business-as-usual circumstances to the Parent through a committed credit facility with our intermediate holding company (“IHC”).

Our ability to access the capital markets on favorable terms, or at all, is partially dependent on our credit ratings, which are as follows:

Credit ratings at June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Moody’s
 
S&P
 
Fitch
 
DBRS
Parent:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term senior debt
A1
 
A
 
AA-
 
AA (low)
Subordinated debt
A2
 
A-
 
A+
 
A (high)
Preferred stock
Baa1
 
BBB
 
BBB
 
A (low)
Outlook - Parent
Stable
 
Stable
 
Stable
 
Stable
 
The Bank of New York Mellon:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term senior debt
Aa2
 
AA-
 
AA
 
AA
Subordinated debt
NR
 
A
 
NR
 
NR
Long-term deposits
Aa1
 
AA-
 
AA+
 
AA
Short-term deposits
P1
 
A-1+
 
F1+
 
R-1 (high)
Commercial paper
P1
 
A-1+
 
F1+
 
R-1 (high)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BNY Mellon, N.A.:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term senior debt
Aa2
(a)
AA-
 
AA 
(a)
AA
Long-term deposits
Aa1
 
AA-
 
AA+
 
AA
Short-term deposits
P1
 
A-1+
 
F1+
 
R-1 (high)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlook - Banks
Stable
 
Stable
 
Stable
 
Stable
(a)
Represents senior debt issuer default rating.
NR - Not rated.


Long-term debt totaled $28.2 billion at June 30, 2019 and $29.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. The decrease reflects maturities of $2.8 billion, partially offset by issuances of $1.25 billion and an increase in the fair value of hedged long-term debt. The Parent has $1.5 billion of long-term debt that will mature in the remainder of 2019.

In June 2019, The Bank of New York Mellon, our largest bank subsidiary, issued $1.25 billion of floating rate senior notes maturing in 2021 at an
 
annual interest rate of 3-month LIBOR plus 28 basis points.

The Bank of New York Mellon may issue notes and certificates of deposit (“CDs”). At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, $3.1 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, of CDs were outstanding. At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, $2.3 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, of notes issued by The Bank of New York Mellon were outstanding.



30 BNY Mellon

The Bank of New York Mellon also issues commercial paper that matures within 397 days from date of issue and is not redeemable prior to maturity or subject to voluntary prepayment. The average commercial paper outstanding was $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $3.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Commercial paper outstanding was $8.9 billion at June 30, 2019 and $1.9 billion at Dec. 31, 2018.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, our U.S. bank subsidiaries could declare dividends to the Parent of approximately $1.2 billion, without the need for a regulatory waiver. In addition, at June 30, 2019, non-bank subsidiaries of the Parent had liquid assets of approximately $1.6 billion. Restrictions on our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries are discussed in more detail in “Supervision and Regulation - Capital Planning and Stress Testing - Payment of Dividends, Stock Repurchases and Other Capital Distributions” and in Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report.

Pershing LLC has uncommitted lines of credit in place for liquidity purposes which are guaranteed by the Parent. Pershing LLC has three separate uncommitted lines of credit amounting to $750 million in aggregate. There were no borrowings under these lines in the second quarter of 2019. Pershing Limited, an indirect UK-based subsidiary of BNY Mellon, has three separate uncommitted lines of credit amounting to $350 million in aggregate. Average borrowings under these lines were $2 million, in aggregate, in the second quarter of 2019.

The double leverage ratio is the ratio of our equity investment in subsidiaries divided by our consolidated parent company equity, which includes our noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. In short, the double leverage ratio measures the extent to which equity in subsidiaries is financed by Parent company debt. As the double leverage ratio increases, this can reflect greater demands on a company’s cash flows in order to service interest payments and debt maturities. BNY Mellon’s double leverage ratio is managed in a range considering the high level of unencumbered available liquid assets held in its principal subsidiaries (such as central bank
 
deposit placements and government securities), the Company’s cash generating fee-based business model, with fee revenue representing 79% of total revenue in the second quarter of 2019, and the dividend capacity of our banking subsidiaries. Our double leverage ratio was 117.1% at June 30, 2019 and 117.7% at Dec. 31, 2018, and within the range targeted by management.

Uses of funds

The Parent’s major uses of funds are payment of dividends, repurchases of common stock, principal and interest payments on its borrowings, acquisitions and additional investments in its subsidiaries.

In May 2019, a quarterly cash dividend of $0.28 per common share was paid to common shareholders. Our common stock dividend payout ratio was 29% for the first six months of 2019.

In the second quarter of 2019, we repurchased 15.3 million common shares at an average price of $48.97 per common share for a total cost of $750 million.

In June 2019, following the Federal Reserve’s non- objection to our 2019 capital plan, BNY Mellon announced a share repurchase plan providing for the repurchase of up to $3.94 billion of common stock starting in the third quarter of 2019 and continuing through the second quarter of 2020. This new share repurchase plan replaces all previously authorized share repurchase plans.

In July 2019, BNY Mellon increased the quarterly cash dividend on common stock by approximately 11%, from $0.28 to $0.31 per share. This increased quarterly cash dividend will be paid on Aug. 9, 2019.

Liquidity coverage ratio

U.S. regulators have established an LCR that requires certain banking organizations, including BNY Mellon, to maintain a minimum amount of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (“HQLA”) sufficient to withstand the net cash outflow under a hypothetical standardized acute liquidity stress scenario for a 30-day time horizon.


BNY Mellon 31

The following table presents BNY Mellon’s consolidated HQLA at June 30, 2019, and the average HQLA and average LCR for the second quarter of 2019.

Consolidated HQLA and LCR
June 30, 2019

(dollars in billions)
Securities (a)
$
134

Cash (b)
63

Total consolidated HQLA (c)
$
197

 
 
Total consolidated HQLA - average (c)
$
166

Average LCR
117
%
(a)
Primarily includes securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, U.S. Treasury, sovereign securities, U.S. agency and investment-grade corporate debt.
(b)
Primarily includes cash on deposit with central banks.
(c)
Consolidated HQLA presented before adjustments. After haircuts and the impact of trapped liquidity, consolidated HQLA totaled $153 billion at June 30, 2019 and averaged $118 billion for the second quarter of 2019.


BNY Mellon and each of our affected domestic bank subsidiaries were compliant with the U.S. LCR requirements of at least 100% throughout the second quarter of 2019.

Statement of cash flows

The following summarizes the activity reflected on the consolidated statement of cash flows. While this information may be helpful to highlight certain macro trends and business strategies, the cash flow analysis may not be as relevant when analyzing changes in our net earnings and net assets. We believe that in addition to the traditional cash flow analysis, the discussion related to liquidity and dividends and asset/liability management herein may provide more useful context in evaluating our liquidity position and related activity.

Net cash used for operating activities was $2.5 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of
 
$1.6 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2018. In the six months ended June 30, 2019, cash flows used for operations primarily resulted from changes in accruals and trading activities, partially offset by earnings. In the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash flows provided by operations primarily resulted from earnings, partially offset by changes in accruals and trading activities.

Net cash used for investing activities was $11.4 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared with net cash provided by investing activities of $15.2 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2018. In the six months ended June 30, 2019, net cash used for investing activities primarily reflects changes in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements, partially offset by changes in loans. In the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by investing activities primarily reflects changes in interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks and changes in loans, partially offset by changes in interest-bearing deposits with banks.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $13.2 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared with net cash used for financing activities of $16.8 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2018. In the six months ended June 30, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities primarily reflects changes in deposits and changes in commercial paper, partially offset by repayment of long-term debt, changes in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements and changes in other borrowed funds. In the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash used for financing activities primarily reflects changes in deposits, repayment of long-term debt, changes in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements and common stock repurchases, partially offset by net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt.


32 BNY Mellon

Capital

Capital data
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts; common shares in thousands)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Average common equity to average assets
10.9
%
11.0
%
11.2
%
 
 
 
 
At period end:
 
 
 
BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio
10.9
%
11.9
%
11.2
%
BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio
10.0
%
10.9
%
10.2
%
Total BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity
$
41,533

$
41,225

$
40,638

Total BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity (a)
$
37,991

$
37,683

$
37,096

BNY Mellon tangible common shareholders’ equity – Non-GAAP (a)
$
19,275

$
18,896

$
18,290

Book value per common share (a)
$
40.30

$
39.36

$
38.63

Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP (a)
$
20.45

$
19.74

$
19.04

Closing stock price per common share
$
44.15

$
50.43

$
47.07

Market capitalization
$
41,619

$
48,288

$
45,207

Common shares outstanding
942,662

957,517

960,426

 
 
 
 
Cash dividends per common share
$
0.28

$
0.28

$
0.28

Common dividend payout ratio
28
%
30
%
33
%
Common dividend yield (annualized)
2.5
%
2.3
%
2.4
%
(a)
See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 40 for a reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP.


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation total shareholders’ equity increased to $41.5 billion at June 30, 2019 from $40.6 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. The increase primarily reflects earnings, the unrealized gain in our investment securities portfolio and additional paid-in capital resulting from stock awards, partially offset by common stock repurchases and dividend payments.

In the second quarter of 2019, we repurchased 15.3 million common shares at an average price of $48.97 per common share for a total of $750 million under the current program.

The unrealized gain (after-tax) on our available-for-sale securities portfolio, net of hedges, included in accumulated OCI was $287 million at June 30, 2019, compared with an unrealized loss (after-tax) of $167 million at Dec. 31, 2018. The increase in the unrealized gain, net of tax, was primarily driven by lower market interest rates.

Capital adequacy

Regulators establish certain levels of capital for bank holding companies (“BHCs”) and banks, including BNY Mellon and our bank subsidiaries, in accordance with established quantitative measurements. For the Parent to maintain its status as a financial holding company, our U.S. bank subsidiaries and BNY Mellon must, among other things, qualify as “well
 
capitalized.” As of June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, BNY Mellon and our U.S. bank subsidiaries were “well capitalized.”

Failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” status or capital adequacy rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our financial condition. See the discussion of these matters in “Supervision and Regulation - Regulated Entities of BNY Mellon and Ancillary Regulatory Requirements” and “Risk Factors - Operational Risk - Failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” and “well managed” status or capital adequacy and liquidity rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our business and financial condition,” both in our 2018 Annual Report.

The U.S. banking agencies’ capital rules are based on the framework adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, as amended from time to time. For additional information on these capital requirements, see “Supervision and Regulation” in our 2018 Annual Report. BNY Mellon is subject to the U.S. capital rules, which were gradually phased-in over a multi-year period through Jan. 1, 2019. The phase-in requirements for consolidated capital were completed on Jan. 1, 2018.



BNY Mellon 33

The table below presents our consolidated and largest bank subsidiary regulatory capital ratios.

Consolidated and largest bank subsidiary regulatory capital ratios
June 30, 2019
 
March 31, 2019

 
Dec. 31, 2018

Well capitalized

 
Minimum required

 
Capital
ratios

 
Capital
ratios

 
Capital
ratios

 
(a)
Consolidated regulatory capital ratios: (b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advanced Approach:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 ratio
N/A

(c)
8.5
%
 
11.1
%
 
11.1
%
 
10.7
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
6
%
 
10

 
13.2

 
13.2

 
12.8

Total capital ratio
10
%
 
12

 
14.0

 
14.0

 
13.6

Standardized Approach:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 ratio
N/A

(c)
8.5
%
 
12.4
%
 
12.0
%
 
11.7
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
6
%
 
10

 
14.8

 
14.3

 
14.1

Total capital ratio
10
%
 
12

 
15.7

 
15.3

 
15.1

Tier 1 leverage ratio
N/A

(c)
4

 
6.8

 
6.8

 
6.6

SLR (d)
N/A

(c)
5

 
6.3

 
6.3

 
6.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Bank of New York Mellon regulatory capital ratios: (b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advanced Approach:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 ratio
6.5
%
 
7
%
 
14.2
%
 
14.2
%
 
14.0
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
8

 
8.5

 
14.2

 
14.4

 
14.3

Total capital ratio
10

 
10.5

 
14.2

 
14.9

 
14.7

Tier 1 leverage ratio
5

 
4

 
7.3

 
7.6

 
7.6

SLR (d)
6

 
3

 
6.7

 
6.9

 
6.8

(a)
Minimum requirements for June 30, 2019 include minimum thresholds plus currently applicable buffers.
(b)
For our CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios, our effective capital ratios under U.S. capital rules are the lower of the ratios as calculated under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches. The Tier 1 leverage ratio is based on Tier 1 capital and quarterly average total assets. The fully phased-in U.S. G-SIB surcharge of 1.5% is subject to change. The countercyclical capital buffer is currently set to 0%.
(c)
The Federal Reserve’s regulations do not establish well capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.
(d)
The SLR is based on Tier 1 capital and total leverage exposure, which includes certain off-balance sheet exposures.


Our CET1 ratio determined under the Advanced Approach was 11.1% at June 30, 2019 and 10.7% at Dec. 31, 2018. The ratio increased compared with Dec. 31, 2018, primarily reflecting capital generated through earnings, the unrealized gain in our investment securities portfolio and additional paid-in capital resulting from stock awards, partially offset by capital deployed through common stock repurchases, dividend payments and higher RWAs.

Our SLR was 6.3% at June 30, 2019 and 6.0% at Dec. 31, 2018.

The Advanced Approach capital ratios are significantly impacted by RWAs for operational risk. Our operational loss risk model is informed by external losses, including fines and penalties levied
 
against institutions in the financial services industry, particularly those that relate to businesses in which we operate, and as a result external losses have impacted and could in the future impact the amount of capital that we are required to hold.

Our capital ratios are necessarily subject to, among other things, anticipated compliance with all necessary enhancements to model calibration, approval by regulators of certain models used as part of RWA calculations, other refinements, further implementation guidance from regulators, market practices and standards and any changes BNY Mellon may make to its businesses. As a consequence of these factors, our capital ratios may materially change, and may be volatile over time and from period to period.


34 BNY Mellon

The following table presents our capital components and RWAs.

Capital components and risk-weighted assets
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
CET1:
 
 
 
Common shareholders’ equity
$
37,991

$
37,683

$
37,096

Adjustments for:
 
 
 
Goodwill and intangible assets (a)
(18,716
)
(18,787
)
(18,806
)
Net pension fund assets
(331
)
(334
)
(320
)
Equity method investments
(358
)
(357
)
(361
)
Deferred tax assets
(45
)
(43
)
(42
)
Other
(7
)
(6
)
—

Total CET1
18,534

18,156

17,567

Other Tier 1 capital:
 
 
 
Preferred stock
3,542

3,542

3,542

Other
(61
)
(59
)
(65
)
Total Tier 1 capital
$
22,015

$
21,639

$
21,044

Tier 2 capital:
 
 
 
Subordinated debt
$
1,250

$
1,250

$
1,250

Allowance for credit losses
241

248

252

Other
(6
)
(1
)
(10
)
Total Tier 2 capital – Standardized Approach
1,485

1,497

1,492

Excess of expected credit losses
41

53

65

Less: Allowance for credit losses
241

248

252

Total Tier 2 capital – Advanced Approach
$
1,285

$
1,302

$
1,305

Total capital:
 
 
 
Standardized Approach
$
23,500

$
23,136

$
22,536

Advanced Approach
$
23,300

$
22,941

$
22,349

 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets:
 
 
 
Standardized Approach
$
149,226

$
151,101

$
149,618

Advanced Approach:
 
 
 
Credit Risk
$
94,304

$
92,798

$
92,917

Market Risk
3,241

3,507

3,454

Operational Risk
69,025

67,313

68,300

Total Advanced Approach
$
166,570

$
163,618

$
164,671

 
 
 
 
Average assets for Tier 1 leverage ratio
$
322,879

$
316,586

$
319,007

Total leverage exposure for SLR
$
350,747

$
344,829

$
347,943

(a)
Reduced by deferred tax liabilities associated with intangible assets and tax deductible goodwill.


 
The table below presents the factors that impacted CET1 capital.

CET1 generation
2Q19

(in millions)
CET1 – Beginning of period
$
18,156

Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
969

Goodwill and intangible assets, net of related deferred tax liabilities
71

Gross CET1 generated
1,040

Capital deployed:
 
Common stock dividend payments
(270
)
Common stock repurchases
(750
)
Total capital deployed
(1,020
)
Other comprehensive income:
 
Foreign currency translation
10

Unrealized gain on assets available-for-sale
282

Defined benefit plans
10

Total other comprehensive income
302

Additional paid-in capital (a)
57

Other additions (deductions):
 
Net pension fund assets
3

Deferred tax assets
(2
)
Embedded goodwill
(1
)
Other
(1
)
Total other deductions
(1
)
Net CET1 generated
378

CET1 – End of period
$
18,534

(a)
Primarily related to stock awards, the exercise of stock options and stock issued for employee benefit plans.


The following table shows the impact on the consolidated capital ratios at June 30, 2019 of a $100 million increase or decrease in common equity, or a $1 billion increase or decrease in RWAs, quarterly average assets or total leverage exposure.

Sensitivity of consolidated capital ratios at June 30, 2019
 
Increase or decrease of
(in basis points)
$100 million
in common 
equity
$1 billion in RWA, quarterly average assets or total leverage exposure
CET1:
 
 
 
 
Standardized Approach
7
bps
8
bps
Advanced Approach
6
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 capital:
 
 
 
 
Standardized Approach
7
 
10
 
Advanced Approach
6
 
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total capital:
 
 
 
 
Standardized Approach
7
 
11
 
Advanced Approach
6
 
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage
3
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLR
3
 
2
 




BNY Mellon 35

Capital ratios vary depending on the size of the balance sheet at period end and the levels and types of investments in assets. The balance sheet size fluctuates from period to period based on levels of customer and market activity. In general, when servicing clients are more actively trading securities, deposit balances and the balance sheet as a whole are higher. In addition, when markets experience significant volatility or stress, our balance sheet size may increase considerably as client deposit levels increase.

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (“TLAC”)

The final TLAC rule establishing external TLAC, external long-term debt (“LTD”) and related requirements for U.S. G-SIBs, including BNY Mellon, at the top-tier holding company level became effective on Jan. 1, 2019.

The following summarizes the minimum requirements for BNY Mellon’s external TLAC and external LTD ratios, plus currently applicable buffers.

 
As a % of RWAs (a)
As a % of total leverage exposure
Eligible external TLAC ratios
Regulatory minimum of 18% plus a buffer (b) equal to the sum of 2.5%, the method 1 G-SIB surcharge (currently 1%), and the countercyclical capital buffer, if any
Regulatory minimum of 7.5% plus a buffer (c) equal to 2%
Eligible external LTD ratios
Regulatory minimum of 6% plus the greater of the method 1 or method 2 G-SIB surcharge (currently 1.5%)
4.5%
(a)    RWA is the greater of Standardized and Advanced Approaches.
(b)    Buffer to be met using only CET1.
(c)
Buffer to be met using only Tier 1 capital.


External TLAC consists of the Parent’s Tier 1 capital and eligible unsecured long-term debt issued by it that has a remaining term to maturity of at least one year and satisfies certain other conditions. Eligible long-term debt consists of the unpaid principal balance of eligible unsecured debt securities, subject to haircuts for amounts due to be paid within two years, and satisfy certain other conditions. Debt issued prior to Dec. 31, 2016 has been permanently grandfathered to the extent these instruments otherwise would be ineligible only due to containing
 
impermissible acceleration rights or being governed by foreign law.

The following table presents our external TLAC and external LTD ratios.

TLAC and LTD ratios
June 30, 2019
 
Minimum
required

Minimum ratios
with buffers

 
 
Ratios

Eligible external TLAC:
 
 
 
As a percentage of RWA
18.0
%
21.5
%
26.6
%
As a percentage of total leverage exposure
7.5
%
9.5
%
12.6
%
 
 
 
 
Eligible external LTD:
 
 
 
As a percentage of RWA
7.5
%
N/A
11.9
%
As a percentage of total leverage exposure
4.5
%
N/A
5.6
%


If BNY Mellon maintains risk-based ratio or leverage TLAC measures above the minimum required level, but with a risk-based ratio or leverage below the minimum level with buffers, we will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and discretionary executive compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

Trading activities and risk management

Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers, facilitating customer trades and risk mitigating hedging in compliance with the Volcker Rule. The risk from market-making activities for customers is managed by our traders and limited in total exposure through a system of position limits, value-at-risk (“VaR”) methodology and other market sensitivity measures. VaR is the potential loss in value due to adverse market movements over a defined time horizon with a specified confidence level. The calculation of our VaR used by management and presented below assumes a one-day holding period, utilizes a 99% confidence level and incorporates non-linear product characteristics. VaR facilitates comparisons across portfolios of different risk characteristics. VaR also captures the diversification of aggregated risk at the firm-wide level.



36 BNY Mellon

VaR represents a key risk management measure and it is important to note the inherent limitations to VaR, which include:
•
VaR does not estimate potential losses over longer time horizons where moves may be extreme;
•
VaR does not take account of potential variability of market liquidity; and
•
Previous moves in market risk factors may not produce accurate predictions of all future market moves.

See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the VaR methodology.

The following tables indicate the calculated VaR amounts for the trading portfolio for the designated periods using the historical simulation VaR model.

VaR (a)
2Q19
June 30, 2019

(in millions)
Average

Minimum

Maximum

Interest rate
$
4.2

$
3.3

$
5.2

$
3.8

Foreign exchange
2.7

1.9

4.2

2.3

Equity
0.8

0.6

0.9

0.7

Credit
0.8

0.5

1.2

0.9

Diversification
(3.2
)
N/M

N/M

(3.2
)
Overall portfolio
5.3

4.0

6.9

4.5


VaR (a)
1Q19
March 31, 2019

(in millions)
Average

Minimum

Maximum

Interest rate
$
4.0

$
3.2

$
5.3

$
4.2

Foreign exchange
3.8

2.8

6.4

3.9

Equity
0.7

0.6

1.1

0.9

Credit
0.6

0.4

1.0

0.7

Diversification
(2.9
)
N/M

N/M

(3.5
)
Overall portfolio
6.2

4.6

9.5

6.2


VaR (a)
2Q18
June 30, 2018

(in millions)
Average

Minimum

Maximum

Interest rate
$
4.0

$
3.3

$
5.2

$
3.5

Foreign exchange
3.7

2.9

5.7

3.5

Equity
0.7

0.5

1.0

0.5

Credit
0.8

0.6

1.0

1.0

Diversification
(3.9
)
N/M

N/M

(3.9
)
Overall portfolio
5.3

4.3

7.0

4.6


VaR (a)
YTD19
(in millions)
Average

Minimum

Maximum

Interest rate
$
4.1

$
3.2

$
5.3

Foreign exchange
3.3

1.9

6.4

Equity
0.7

0.6

1.1

Credit
0.7

0.4

1.2

Diversification
(3.1
)
N/M

N/M

Overall portfolio
5.7

4.0

9.5


 
VaR (a)
YTD18
(in millions)
Average

Minimum

Maximum

Interest rate
$
4.2

$
3.3

$
5.5

Foreign exchange
4.5

2.9

8.3

Equity
0.8

0.5

1.2

Credit
1.1

0.6

2.6

Diversification
(4.7
)
N/M

N/M

Overall portfolio
5.9

4.3

10.4

(a)
VaR exposure does not include the impact of the Company’s consolidated investment management funds and seed capital investments.
N/M - Because the minimum and maximum may occur on different days for different risk components, it is not meaningful to compute a minimum and maximum portfolio diversification effect.


The interest rate component of VaR represents instruments whose values predominantly vary with the level or volatility of interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, sovereign debt, swaps, swaptions, forward rate agreements, exchange-traded futures and options, and other interest rate derivative products.

The foreign exchange component of VaR represents instruments whose values predominantly vary with the level or volatility of currency exchange rates or interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, currency balances, spot and forward transactions, currency options, exchange-traded futures and options, and other currency derivative products.

The equity component of VaR consists of instruments that represent an ownership interest in the form of domestic and foreign common stock or other equity-linked instruments. These instruments include, but are not limited to, common stock, exchange-traded funds, preferred stock, listed equity options (puts and calls), OTC equity options, equity total return swaps, equity index futures and other equity derivative products.

The credit component of VaR represents instruments whose values predominantly vary with the creditworthiness of counterparties. These instruments include, but are not limited to, credit derivatives (credit default swaps and exchange-traded credit index instruments), exposures from corporate credit spreads and mortgage prepayments. Credit derivatives are used to hedge various credit exposures.



BNY Mellon 37

The diversification component of VaR is the risk reduction benefit that occurs when combining portfolios and offsetting positions, and from the correlated behavior of risk factor movements.

During the second quarter of 2019, interest rate risk generated 50% of average gross VaR, foreign exchange risk generated 32% of average gross VaR, equity risk generated 9% of average gross VaR and credit risk generated 9% of average gross VaR. During the second quarter of 2019, our daily trading loss did not exceed our calculated VaR amount of the overall portfolio.

The following table of total daily trading revenue or loss illustrates the number of trading days in which our trading revenue or loss fell within particular ranges during the past five quarters.

 
Distribution of trading revenue (loss) (a)
 
 
 
Quarter ended
 
(dollars in millions)
June 30,
2019

March 31,
2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Sept. 30, 2018

June 30, 2018

 
 
Revenue range:
Number of days
 
Less than $(2.5)
—

1

1

—

1

 
$(2.5) – $0
4

5

7

6

3

 
$0 – $2.5
30

22

17

30

21

 
$2.5 – $5.0
23

23

24

20

30

 
More than $5.0
7

10

13

7

9

(a)
Trading revenue (loss) includes realized and unrealized gains and losses primarily related to spot and forward foreign exchange transactions, derivatives and securities trades for our customers and excludes any associated commissions, underwriting fees and net interest revenue.


Trading assets include debt and equity instruments and derivative assets, primarily interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, not designated as hedging instruments. Trading assets were $8.6 billion at June 30, 2019 and $7.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2018.

Trading liabilities include debt and equity instruments and derivative liabilities, primarily interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, not designated as hedging instruments. Trading liabilities were $3.8 billion at June 30, 2019 and $3.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2018.

Under our fair value methodology for derivative contracts, an initial “risk-neutral” valuation is performed on each position assuming time-discounting based on a AA credit curve. In addition, we consider credit risk in arriving at the fair value of our derivatives.
 
We reflect external credit ratings as well as observable credit default swap spreads for both ourselves and our counterparties when measuring the fair value of our derivative positions. Accordingly, the valuation of our derivative positions is sensitive to the current changes in our own credit spreads, as well as those of our counterparties.

At June 30, 2019, our OTC derivative assets, including those in hedging relationships, of $3.0 billion included a credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”) deduction of $26 million. Our OTC derivative liabilities, including those in hedging relationships, of $2.6 billion included a debit valuation adjustment (“DVA”) of $1 million related to our own credit spread. Net of hedges, the CVA decreased by $1 million and the DVA was unchanged in the second quarter of 2019, which increased foreign exchange and other trading revenue by $1 million. The net impact of these adjustments increased foreign exchange and other trading revenue by less than $1 million in the first quarter of 2019 and $2 million in the second quarter of 2018.

The table below summarizes the risk ratings for our foreign exchange and interest rate derivative counterparty credit exposure during the past five quarters. This information indicates the degree of risk to which we are exposed. Significant changes in ratings classifications for our foreign exchange and other trading activity could result in increased risk for us.

Foreign exchange and other trading counterparty risk
rating profile (a)
 
Quarter ended
 
June 30, 2019

March 31,
2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Sept. 30, 2018

June 30,
2018

 
Rating:
 
 
 
 
 
AAA to AA-
54
%
49
%
50
%
48
%
37
%
A+ to A-
26

28

28

30

41

BBB+ to BBB-
17

20

18

19

18

BB+ and
lower (b)
3

3

4

3

4

Total
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
(a)
Represents credit rating agency equivalent of internal credit ratings.
(b)
Non-investment grade.




38 BNY Mellon

Asset/liability management

Our diversified business activities include processing securities, accepting deposits, investing in securities, lending, raising money as needed to fund assets and other transactions. The market risks from these activities include interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk. Our primary market risk is exposure to movements in U.S. dollar interest rates and certain foreign currency interest rates. We actively manage interest rate sensitivity and use earnings simulation and discounted cash flow models to identify interest rate exposures.

An earnings simulation model is the primary tool used to assess changes in pre-tax net interest revenue. The model incorporates management’s assumptions regarding interest rates, market spreads, changes in the prepayment behavior of loans and securities and the impact of derivative financial instruments used for interest rate risk management purposes. These assumptions have been developed through a combination of historical analysis and future expected pricing behavior and are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ materially from projected results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, and changes in market conditions and management’s strategies, among other factors.

In the table below, we use the earnings simulation model to run various interest rate ramp scenarios from a baseline scenario. The interest rate ramp scenarios examine the impact of large interest rate movements. In each scenario, all currencies’ interest rates are shifted higher or lower. The baseline scenario is based on our quarter-end balance sheet and the spot yield curve. The 100 basis point ramp scenario assumes rates change 25 basis points above or below the yield curve in each of the next four quarters and the 200 basis point ramp scenario assumes a 50 basis point per quarter change. Interest rate sensitivity is quantified by calculating the change in pre-tax net interest revenue between the scenarios over a 12-month measurement period. The net interest revenue sensitivity methodology assumes static deposit levels and also assumes that no management actions will be taken to mitigate the effects of interest rate changes.

 
The following table shows net interest revenue sensitivity for BNY Mellon.

Estimated changes in net interest revenue
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31,
2019

June 30,
2018

Up 200 bps parallel rate ramp vs. baseline (a)
$
380

$
410

$
372

Up 100 bps parallel rate ramp vs. baseline (a)
200

208

183

Down 100 bps parallel rate ramp vs. baseline (a)
(179
)
(91
)
(70
)
Long-term up 50 bps, short-term unchanged (b)
171

149

72

Long-term down 50 bps, short-term unchanged (b)
(192
)
(178
)
(89
)
(a)
In the parallel rate ramp, both short-term and long-term rates move in four equal quarterly increments.
(b)
Long-term is equal to or greater than one year.


To illustrate the net interest revenue sensitivity to deposit runoff, we note that a $5 billion instantaneous reduction of U.S. dollar denominated noninterest-bearing deposits would reduce the net interest revenue sensitivity results in the ramp up 100 basis point and 200 basis point scenarios in the table above by approximately $150 million and approximately $180 million, respectively. The impact would be smaller if the runoff was assumed to be a mixture of interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits.

For a discussion of factors impacting the growth or contraction of deposits, see “Risk Factors - Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our liquidity,” in our 2018 Annual Report.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

Off-balance sheet arrangements discussed in this section are limited to guarantees, retained or contingent interests and obligations arising out of unconsolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”). For BNY Mellon, these items include certain guarantees. Guarantees include SBLCs issued as part of our corporate banking business and securities lending indemnifications issued as part of our Investment Services business. See Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements.


BNY Mellon 39

Supplemental information - Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures

BNY Mellon has included in this Form 10-Q certain Non-GAAP financial measures on a tangible basis as a supplement to generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) information, which exclude goodwill and intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities. BNY Mellon believes that the return on tangible common equity is additional useful information for investors because it presents a measure of those assets that can generate income, and the tangible book value per common share is additional useful information because it presents the level of tangible assets in relation to shares of common stock outstanding.

The presentation of the growth rates of investment management and performance fees on a constant
 
currency basis permits investors to assess the significance of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Growth rates on a constant currency basis were determined by applying the current period foreign currency exchange rates to the prior period revenue. BNY Mellon believes that this presentation, as a supplement to GAAP information, gives investors a clearer picture of the related revenue results without the variability caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

BNY Mellon has also included the operating margin for the Investment Management business net of distribution and servicing expense that was passed to third parties who distribute or service our managed funds. BNY Mellon believes that this measure is useful when evaluating the performance of the Investment Management business relative to industry competitors.


The following table presents the reconciliation of the return on common equity and tangible common equity.

Return on common equity and tangible common equity reconciliation
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation – GAAP
$
969

$
910

$
1,055

$
1,879

$
2,190

Add:  Amortization of intangible assets
30

29

48

59

97

Less: Tax impact of amortization of intangible assets
7

7

11

14

23

Adjusted net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, excluding amortization of intangible assets – Non-GAAP
$
992

$
932

$
1,092

$
1,924

$
2,264

 
 
 
 
 
 
Average common shareholders’ equity
$
37,487

$
37,086

$
37,750

$
37,287

$
37,672

Less: Average goodwill
17,343

17,376

17,505

17,360

17,543

Average intangible assets
3,178

3,209

3,341

3,193

3,369

Add: Deferred tax liability – tax deductible goodwill
1,094

1,083

1,054

1,094

1,054

Deferred tax liability – intangible assets
687

690

709

687

709

Average tangible common shareholders’ equity – Non-GAAP
$
18,747

$
18,274

$
18,667

$
18,515

$
18,523

 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity (annualized) – GAAP 
10.4
%
10.0
%
11.2
%
10.2
%
11.7
%
Return on tangible common equity (annualized) – Non-GAAP
21.2
%
20.7
%
23.5
%
20.9
%
24.6
%



40 BNY Mellon

The following table presents the reconciliation of book value and tangible book value per common share.

Book value and tangible book value per common share reconciliation
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

June 30, 2018

(dollars in millions, except common shares)
BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity at period end – GAAP
$
41,533

$
41,225

$
40,638

$
41,505

Less: Preferred stock
3,542

3,542

3,542

3,542

BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity at period end – GAAP
37,991

37,683

37,096

37,963

Less: Goodwill
17,337

17,367

17,350

17,418

Intangible assets
3,160

3,193

3,220

3,308

Add: Deferred tax liability – tax deductible goodwill
1,094

1,083

1,072

1,054

Deferred tax liability – intangible assets
687

690

692

709

BNY Mellon tangible common shareholders’ equity at period end – Non-GAAP
$
19,275

$
18,896

$
18,290

$
19,000

 
 
 
 
 
Period-end common shares outstanding (in thousands)
942,662

957,517

960,426

999,945

 
 
 
 
 
Book value per common share – GAAP
$
40.30

$
39.36

$
38.63

$
37.97

Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP
$
20.45

$
19.74

$
19.04

$
19.00



The following table presents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our consolidated investment management and performance fees.

Constant currency reconciliation – Consolidated
 
 
2Q19 vs.

(dollars in millions)
2Q19

2Q18

2Q18

Investment management and performance fees (a)
$
833

$
901

(8
)%
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates
—

(16
)
 
Adjusted investment management and performance fees – Non-GAAP
$
833

$
885

(6
)%
(a)
In the first quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain platform-related fees to clearing services fees from investment management and performance fees. Prior periods have been reclassified.


The following table presents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on investment management and performance fees reported in the Investment Management business.

Constant currency reconciliation – Investment Management business
 
 
2Q19 vs.

(dollars in millions)
2Q19

2Q18

2Q18

Investment management and performance fees
$
829

$
897

(8
)%
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates
—

(16
)
 
Adjusted investment management and performance fees – Non-GAAP
$
829

$
881

(6
)%


The following table presents the reconciliation of the pre-tax operating margin for the Investment Management business.

Pre-tax operating margin reconciliation - Investment Management business
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

4Q18

3Q18

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Income before income taxes – GAAP
$
265

$
269

$
247

$
316

$
319

$
534

$
700

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue – GAAP
$
917

$
939

$
963

$
1,015

$
1,018

$
1,856

$
2,106

Less:  Distribution and servicing expense
94

91

95

99

103

185

213

Adjusted total revenue, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP
$
823

$
848

$
868

$
916

$
915

$
1,671

$
1,893

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-tax operating margin – GAAP (a)
29
%
29
%
26
%
31
%
31
%
29
%
33
%
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP (a)
32
%
32
%
29
%
35
%
35
%
32
%
37
%
(a)
Income before taxes divided by total revenue.


BNY Mellon 41

Recent accounting and regulatory developments

Recently issued accounting standards

The following Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has not yet been adopted.

ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU introduces a new current expected credit losses model, which will apply to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, including held-to-maturity securities and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The guidance will also change current practice for the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities. The available-for-sale debt securities model will require the use of an allowance to record estimated credit losses and subsequent recoveries.

The standard requires a cumulative effect of initial application to be recognized in retained earnings at the date of initial application. BNY Mellon has developed expected credit loss models and approaches that include forecasting and other methodologies, and our focus for the remainder of 2019 is on model validation as well as business process refinements and testing to ensure the expected credit losses are calculated in accordance with the standard. We are continuing to assess the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements, disclosures and internal controls. The adoption impact will depend on several factors, including the composition and remaining expected lives of financial instruments at the time of adoption, the establishment of an allowance for expected credit losses on held-to-maturity securities, and the macroeconomic conditions and forecasts that exist at that date. We plan to adopt the new standard on Jan. 1, 2020.

Recent regulatory developments

For a summary of additional regulatory matters relevant to our operations, see “Supervision and Regulation” in our 2018 Annual Report. The following discussions summarize certain regulatory
 
developments that may affect BNY Mellon, the impact of which we are still evaluating.

Proposed Revisions to Resolution Planning Requirements

In April 2019, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) issued a proposed rule to modify certain resolution plan requirements. The proposal would allow U.S. G-SIBs, such as BNY Mellon, to file alternating full and, more limited, targeted resolution plans every two years. The proposal would not generally modify the components or informational requirements of full resolution plans. See “Supervision and Regulation - Recovery and Resolution” in our 2018 Annual Report for additional information.

EU Banking Reform Package

The EU Banking Reform Package entered into force on June 27, 2019 and will be implemented in various phases between 2019 and 2024. This legislative package amends the Capital Requirements Directive IV (“CRD IV”), the Capital Requirements Regulation (“CRR”), the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (“BRRD”) and the Single Resolution Mechanism Regulation (“SRMR”).

The amendments to CRD IV include a requirement for certain non-EU banking groups to have up to two “EU intermediate parent undertakings” (“EU IPUs “). All EU credit institutions and certain EU investment firms in such non-EU banking groups would need to fall within a corporate structure headed by one of the EU IPUs. BNY Mellon is assessing the impact of this requirement in conjunction with the proposed legislation introducing a new prudential regime for investment firms.

The amendments to CRR include provisions relating to the leverage ratio, net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”), minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (including closer alignment to the final Financial Stability Board TLAC standard), a revised Basel market risk framework, counterparty credit risk, exposures to CCPs, exposures to collective investment undertakings, large exposures and reporting/disclosure requirements.

The extent to which the UK implements the EU Banking Reform Package depends on Brexit outcomes.



42 BNY Mellon

Replacement of Interbank Offered Rates (“IBORs”), including LIBOR
Globally, financial market participants are beginning the transition away from LIBOR and other IBORs to alternative reference rates by the end of 2021. This transition will impact assets and liabilities on our balance sheet that reference IBORs, investments that we manage linked to IBORs in our Investment Management business and the operational servicing of products that reference IBORs in our Investment Services business.

We are working to facilitate an orderly transition from IBORs to alternative reference rates for us and our clients. Accordingly, we have created a global transition program with senior management oversight that focuses on:
•
Evaluating and monitoring the impacts across our businesses, including transactions, products and services.
•
Identifying and evaluating the scope of existing financial instruments and contracts that may be affected, the extent to which those financial instruments and contracts already contain appropriate fallback language or would require termination or amendment and any resulting economic and regulatory impact.
•
Identifying and evaluating the impact of the transition on our balance sheet, net interest revenue, capital and hedging activities as well as interest rate risk and liquidity risk.
•
Identifying and evaluating contracts and financial instruments that require us, as the lender, calculation agent or otherwise, to assign the fallback or successor rate to IBOR-linked products.
•
Identifying funds we manage or advise that invest in instruments referencing IBORs and the impact of the transition on the functioning, liquidity and value of these investments.
•
Implementing information technology systems, models and analytics to prepare for a smooth transition to alternative reference rates.

There remain, however, a number of unknown factors regarding the transition from the IBORs and/or interest rate benchmark reforms that could impact our business. For a further discussion of the various risks, see “Risk Factors - Transitions away from, or changes in the calculation of, LIBOR and other
 
benchmark rates could adversely impact our business and results of operations” in our 2018 Annual Report.

Website information

Our website is www.bnymellon.com. We currently make available the following information under the Investor Relations portion of our website. With respect to filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we post such information as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.

•
All of our SEC filings, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to these reports, as well as proxy statements and SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5;
•
Financial statements and footnotes prepared using eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”);
•
Our earnings materials and selected management conference calls and presentations;
•
Other regulatory disclosures, including: Pillar 3 Disclosures (and Market Risk Disclosure contained therein); Liquidity Coverage Ratio Disclosures; Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council - Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income for a Bank With Domestic and Foreign Offices; Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies; and the Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test Results for BNY Mellon and The Bank of New York Mellon; and
•
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Amended and Restated By-laws, Directors’ Code of Conduct and the Charters of the Audit, Finance, Corporate Governance, Nominating and Social Responsibility, Human Resources and Compensation, Risk and Technology Committees of our Board of Directors.

We may use our website, our Twitter account (twitter.com/BNYMellon) and other social media channels as additional means of disclosing information to the public. The information disclosed through those channels may be considered to be material. The contents of our website or social media channels referenced herein are not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


BNY Mellon 43
Item 1. Financial Statements
 
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
 




Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited)

 
Quarter ended
 
Year-to-date
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

June 30, 2018

Fee and other revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment services fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset servicing fees
$
1,141

$
1,122

$
1,157

 
$
2,263

$
2,325

Clearing services fees (a)
410

398

401

 
808

825

Issuer services fees
291

251

266

 
542

526

Treasury services fees
140

132

140

 
272

278

Total investment services fees (a)
1,982

1,903

1,964

 
3,885

3,954

Investment management and performance fees (a)
833

841

901

 
1,674

1,851

Foreign exchange and other trading revenue
166

170

187

 
336

396

Financing-related fees
50

51

53

 
101

105

Distribution and servicing
31

31

34

 
62

70

Investment and other income
43

35

70

 
78

152

Total fee revenue
3,105

3,031

3,209

 
6,136

6,528

Net securities gains (losses) — including other-than-temporary impairment
8

1

1

 
9

(48
)
Noncredit-related portion of other-than-temporary impairment (recognized in other comprehensive income)
1

—

—

 
1

—

Net securities gains (losses)
7

1

1

 
8

(48
)
Total fee and other revenue
3,112

3,032

3,210

 
6,144

6,480

Operations of consolidated investment management funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment income
10

26

13

 
36

2

Interest of investment management fund note holders
—

—

1

 
—

1

Income from consolidated investment management funds
10

26

12

 
36

1

Net interest revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest revenue
1,965

1,920

1,553

 
3,885

2,934

Interest expense
1,163

1,079

637

 
2,242

1,099

Net interest revenue
802

841

916

 
1,643

1,835

Total revenue
3,924

3,899

4,138

 
7,823

8,316

Provision for credit losses
(8
)
7

(3
)
 
(1
)
(8
)
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
Staff
1,421

1,524

1,489

 
2,945

3,065

Professional, legal and other purchased services
337

325

328

 
662

619

Software and equipment
304

283

266

 
587

500

Net occupancy
138

137

156

 
275

295

Sub-custodian and clearing
115

105

110

 
220

229

Distribution and servicing
94

91

106

 
185

212

Business development
56

45

62

 
101

113

Bank assessment charges
31

31

47

 
62

99

Amortization of intangible assets
30

29

48

 
59

97

Other
121

129

135

 
250

257

Total noninterest expense
2,647

2,699

2,747

 
5,346

5,486

Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
1,285

1,193

1,394

 
2,478

2,838

Provision for income taxes
264

237

286

 
501

568

Net income
1,021

956

1,108

 
1,977

2,270

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (includes $(4), $(10), $(7), $(14) and $4 related to consolidated investment management funds, respectively)
(4
)
(10
)
(5
)
 
(14
)
4

Net income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
1,017

946

1,103

 
1,963

2,274

Preferred stock dividends
(48
)
(36
)
(48
)
 
(84
)
(84
)
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
$
969

$
910

$
1,055

 
$
1,879

$
2,190


(a)
In the first quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain platform-related fees to clearing services fees from investment management and performance fees. Prior periods have been reclassified.


44 BNY Mellon
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited) (continued) 

Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation used for the earnings per share calculation
Quarter ended
 
Year-to-date
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

June 30, 2018

Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
$
969

$
910

$
1,055

 
$
1,879

$
2,190

Less:  Earnings allocated to participating securities
4

5

7

 
9

15

Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation after required adjustment for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share
$
965

$
905

$
1,048


$
1,870

$
2,175



Average common shares and equivalents outstanding of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
Quarter ended
 
Year-to-date
(in thousands)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

June 30, 2018

Basic
951,281

962,397

1,010,179

 
956,887

1,013,507

Common stock equivalents
3,891

6,071

6,451

 
4,894

7,277

Less: Participating securities
(1,244
)
(2,508
)
(2,273
)
 
(1,824
)
(2,764
)
Diluted
953,928

965,960

1,014,357

 
959,957

1,018,020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anti-dilutive securities (a)
3,999

5,550

7,208

 
4,704

7,203

(a)
Represents stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and participating securities outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted average common shares because their effect would be anti-dilutive.


Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
Quarter ended
 
Year-to-date
(in dollars)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

June 30, 2018

Basic
$
1.01

$
0.94

$
1.04

 
$
1.95

$
2.15

Diluted
$
1.01

$
0.94

$
1.03

 
$
1.95

$
2.14




See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



BNY Mellon 45
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statement (unaudited)

 
Quarter ended
 
Year-to-date
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

June 30, 2018

Net income
$
1,021

$
956

$
1,108

 
$
1,977

$
2,270

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
10

29

(400
)
 
39

(156
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during the period
287

239

(64
)
 
526

(339
)
Reclassification adjustment
(5
)
(1
)
—

 
(6
)
37

Total unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale
282

238

(64
)
 
520

(302
)
Defined benefit plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) arising during the period
—

(9
)
—

 
(9
)
—

Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost
10

10

16

 
20

33

Total defined benefit plans
10

1

16

 
11

33

Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
—

5

(14
)
 
5

(16
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (a)
302

273

(462
)
 
575

(441
)
Total comprehensive income
1,323

1,229

646

 
2,552

1,829

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(4
)
(10
)
(5
)
 
(14
)
4

Other comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

(2
)
10

 
(2
)
5

Comprehensive income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
$
1,319

$
1,217

$
651

 
$
2,536

$
1,838


(a)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders was $302 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, $271 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, $(452) million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, $573 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $(436) million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.


See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



46 BNY Mellon
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)

  
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Assets
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
5,556

$
5,864

Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
69,700

67,988

Interest-bearing deposits with banks ($2,036 and $2,394 is restricted)
15,491

14,148

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
61,201

46,795

Securities:
 
 
Held-to-maturity (fair value of $34,695 and $33,302)
34,549

33,982

Available-for-sale
85,593

85,809

Total securities
120,142

119,791

Trading assets
8,629

7,035

Loans
52,396

56,564

Allowance for loan losses
(146
)
(146
)
Net loans
52,250

56,418

Premises and equipment
2,970

1,832

Accrued interest receivable
658

671

Goodwill
17,337

17,350

Intangible assets
3,160

3,220

Other assets (includes $591 and $742, at fair value)
23,737

21,298

Subtotal assets of operations
380,831

362,410

Assets of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value
337

463

Total assets
$
381,168

$
362,873

Liabilities
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
Noninterest-bearing (principally U.S. offices)
$
58,255

$
70,783

Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices
88,395

74,904

Interest-bearing deposits in non-U.S. offices
106,227

93,091

Total deposits
252,877

238,778

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements
11,757

14,243

Trading liabilities
3,768

3,479

Payables to customers and broker-dealers
18,946

19,731

Commercial paper
8,894

1,939

Other borrowed funds
1,921

3,227

Accrued taxes and other expenses 
5,045

5,669

Other liabilities (including allowance for lending-related commitments of $95 and $106, also includes $335 and $88, at fair value)
7,916

5,774

Long-term debt (includes $383 and $371, at fair value)
28,203

29,163

Subtotal liabilities of operations
339,327

322,003

Liabilities of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value
6

2

Total liabilities
339,333

322,005

Temporary equity
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
136

129

Permanent equity
 
 
Preferred stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 35,826 and 35,826 shares
3,542

3,542

Common stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 3,500,000,000 shares; issued 1,372,971,577 and 1,364,877,915 shares
14

14

Additional paid-in capital
27,406

27,118

Retained earnings
30,081

28,652

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(2,688
)
(3,171
)
Less: Treasury stock of 430,309,550 and 404,452,246 common shares, at cost
(16,822
)
(15,517
)
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity
41,533

40,638

Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds
166

101

Total permanent equity
41,699

40,739

Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity
$
381,168

$
362,873




See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


BNY Mellon 47
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)

 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2019

2018

Operating activities
 
 
Net income
$
1,977

$
2,270

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(14
)
4

Net income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
1,963

2,274

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities:
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(1
)
(8
)
Pension plan contributions
(22
)
(19
)
Depreciation and amortization
635

677

Deferred tax (benefit)
(110
)
(230
)
Net securities (gains) losses
(8
)
48

Change in trading assets and liabilities
(1,306
)
(462
)
Change in accruals and other, net
(3,665
)
(712
)
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities
(2,514
)
1,568

Investing activities
 
 
Change in interest-bearing deposits with banks
(1,618
)
(4,592
)
Change in interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
(1,714
)
15,583

Purchases of securities held-to-maturity
(3,739
)
(2,944
)
Paydowns of securities held-to-maturity
2,078

2,099

Maturities of securities held-to-maturity
1,380

5,535

Purchases of securities available-for-sale
(21,503
)
(17,550
)
Sales of securities available-for-sale
6,346

4,867

Paydowns of securities available-for-sale
3,226

3,871

Maturities of securities available-for-sale
14,143

3,767

Net change in loans
4,116

3,699

Sales of loans and other real estate
52

6

Change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
(14,401
)
1,638

Net change in seed capital investments
25

15

Purchases of premises and equipment/capitalized software
(717
)
(505
)
Dispositions, net of cash
—

84

Other, net
940

(359
)
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities
(11,386
)
15,214

Financing activities
 
 
Change in deposits
14,255

(12,270
)
Change in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements
(2,486
)
(1,963
)
Change in payables to customers and broker-dealers
(778
)
(1,051
)
Change in other borrowed funds
(1,328
)
(5
)
Change in commercial paper
6,955

(567
)
Net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt
1,248

2,991

Repayments of long-term debt
(2,750
)
(2,200
)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options
35

70

Issuance of common stock
16

20

Treasury stock acquired
(1,305
)
(1,295
)
Common cash dividends paid
(540
)
(491
)
Preferred cash dividends paid
(84
)
(84
)
Other, net
7

10

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
13,245

(16,835
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
(11
)
(60
)
Change in cash and due from banks and restricted cash
 
 
Change in cash and due from banks and restricted cash
(666
)
(113
)
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at beginning of period
8,258

7,133

Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period
$
7,592

$
7,020

Cash and due from banks and restricted cash:
 
 
Cash and due from banks at end of period (unrestricted cash)
$
5,556

$
5,361

Restricted cash at end of period
2,036

1,659

Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period
$
7,592

$
7,020

Supplemental disclosures
 
 
Interest paid
$
2,238

$
1,046

Income taxes paid
461

436

Income taxes refunded
347

57




See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


48 BNY Mellon
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)

 
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders
Non-redeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds

Total
permanent
equity

 
Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity

(in millions, except per
share amount)
Preferred stock

Common
stock

Additional
paid-in
capital

Retained
earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax

Treasury
stock

Balance at March 31, 2019
$
3,542

$
14

$
27,349

$
29,382

$
(2,990
)
$
(16,072
)
$
122

$
41,347

(a)
$
122

Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
16

Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
—

—

2

—

—

—

40

42

 
(2
)
Net income
—

—

—

1,017

—

—

4

1,021

 
—

Other comprehensive income
—

—

—

—

302

—

—

302

 
—

Dividends:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock at $0.28 per share
—

—

—

(270
)
—

—

—

(270
)
 
—

Preferred stock
—

—

—

(48
)
—

—

—

(48
)
 
—

Repurchase of common stock
—

—

—

—

—

(750
)
—

(750
)
 
—

Common stock issued under:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee benefit plans
—

—

6

—

—

—

—

6

 
—

Stock awards and options exercised
—

—

49

—

—

—

—

49

 
—

Balance at June 30, 2019
$
3,542

$
14

$
27,406

$
30,081

$
(2,688
)
$
(16,822
)
$
166

$
41,699

(a)
$
136


(a)
Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $37,683 million at March 31, 2019 and $37,991 million at June 30, 2019.


 
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders
Non-redeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds

Total
permanent
equity

 
Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity

(in millions, except per
share amount)
Preferred stock

Common
stock

Additional
paid-in
capital

Retained
earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax

Treasury
stock

Balance at Dec. 31, 2018
$
3,542

$
14

$
27,118

$
28,652

$
(3,171
)
$
(15,517
)
$
101

$
40,739

(a)
$
129

Reclassification of certain tax effects related to adopting ASU 2018-02
—

—

—

90

(90
)
—

—

—

 
—

Adjusted balance at Jan. 1, 2019
3,542

14

27,118

28,742

(3,261
)
(15,517
)
101

40,739

 
129

Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
20

Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
(7
)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
—

—

19

—

—

—

11

30

 
(22
)
Net income
—

—

—

946

—

—

10

956

 
—

Other comprehensive income
—

—

—

—

271

—

—

271

 
2

Dividends:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock at $0.28 per share
—

—

—

(270
)
—

—

—

(270
)
 
—

Preferred stock
—

—

—

(36
)
—

—

—

(36
)
 
—

Repurchase of common stock
—

—

—

—

—

(555
)
—

(555
)
 
—

Common stock issued under:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee benefit plans
—

—

10

—

—

—

—

10

 
—

Direct stock purchase and dividend reinvestment plan
—

—

11

—

—

—

—

11

 
—

Stock awards and options exercised
—

—

191

—

—

—

—

191

 
—

Balance at March 31, 2019
$
3,542

$
14

$
27,349

$
29,382

$
(2,990
)
$
(16,072
)
$
122

$
41,347

(a)
$
122

(a)
Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $37,096 million at Dec. 31, 2018 and $37,683 million at March 31, 2019.


BNY Mellon 49
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited) (continued) 

 
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders
Non-redeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds

Total
permanent
equity

 
Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity

(in millions, except per
share amount)
Preferred stock

Common
stock

Additional
paid-in
capital

Retained
earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax

Treasury
stock

Balance at March 31, 2018
$
3,542

$
14

$
26,911

$
26,496

$
(2,343
)
$
(12,892
)
$
212

$
41,940

(a)
$
184

Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
17

Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
—

—

(2
)
—

—

—

(167
)
(169
)
 
—

Net income (loss)
—

—

—

1,103

—

—

7

1,110

 
(2
)
Other comprehensive (loss)
—

—

—

—

(452
)
—

—

(452
)
 
(10
)
Dividends:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock at $0.24 per share
—

—

—

(245
)
—

—

—

(245
)
 
—

Preferred stock
—

—

—

(48
)
—

—

—

(48
)
 
—

Repurchase of common stock
—

—

—

—

—

(651
)
—

(651
)
 
—

Common stock issued under:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee benefit plans
—

—

7

—

—

—

—

7

 
—

Direct stock purchase and dividend reinvestment plan
—

—

7

—

—

—

—

7

 
—

Stock awards and options exercised
—

—

58

—

—

—

—

58

 
—

Balance at June 30, 2018
$
3,542

$
14

$
26,981

$
27,306

$
(2,795
)
$
(13,543
)
$
52

$
41,557

(a)
$
189

(a)
Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $38,186 million at March 31, 2018 and $37,963 million at June 30, 2018.


 
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders
Non-
redeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds

Total
permanent
equity

 
Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity

(in millions, except per
share amount)
Preferred stock

Common
stock

Additional
paid-in
capital

Retained
earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax

Treasury
stock

Balance at Dec. 31, 2018
$
3,542

$
14

$
27,118

$
28,652

$
(3,171
)
$
(15,517
)
$
101

$
40,739

(a)
$
129

Reclassification of certain tax effects related to adopting
  ASU 2018-02
—

—

—

90

(90
)
—

—

—

 
—

Adjusted balance at Jan. 1, 2019
3,542

14

27,118

28,742

(3,261
)
(15,517
)
101

40,739

 
129

Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
36

Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
(7
)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
—

—

21

—

—

—

51

72

 
(24
)
Net income
—

—

—

1,963

—

—

14

1,977

 
—

Other comprehensive income
—

—

—

—

573

—

—

573

 
2

Dividends:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock at $0.56 per share
—

—

—

(540
)
—

—

—

(540
)
 
—

Preferred stock
—

—

—

(84
)
—

—

—

(84
)
 
—

Repurchase of common stock
—

—

—

—

—

(1,305
)
—

(1,305
)
 
—

Common stock issued under:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee benefit plans
—

—

16

—

—

—

—

16

 
—

Direct stock purchase and dividend reinvestment plan
—

—

11

—

—

—

—

11

 
—

Stock awards and options exercised
—

—

240

—

—

—

—

240

 
—

Balance at June 30, 2019
$
3,542

$
14

$
27,406

$
30,081

$
(2,688
)
$
(16,822
)
$
166

$
41,699

(a)
$
136

(a)
Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $37,096 million at Dec. 31, 2018 and $37,991 million at June 30, 2019.



50 BNY Mellon
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited) (continued) 

 
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders
Non-redeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds

Total
permanent
equity

 
Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity

(in millions, except per
share amount)
Preferred stock

Common
stock

Additional
paid-in
capital

Retained
earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

Treasury
stock

Balance at Dec. 31, 2017
$
3,542

$
14

$
26,665

$
25,635

$
(2,357
)
$
(12,248
)
$
316

$
41,567

(a)
$
179

Adjustment for the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-09 for contract revenue
—

—

—

(55
)
—

—

—

(55
)
 
—

Adjustment for the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2017-12 for derivatives and hedging
—

—

—

27

(2
)
—

—

25

 
—

Adjusted balance at Jan. 1, 2018
3,542

14

26,665

25,607

(2,359
)
(12,248
)
316

41,537

 
179

Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
34

Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
(32
)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
—

—

(13
)
—

—

—

(260
)
(273
)
 
13

Net income (loss)
—

—

—

2,274

—

—

(4
)
2,270

 
—

Other comprehensive (loss)
—

—

—

—

(436
)
—

—

(436
)
 
(5
)
Dividends:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock at $0.48 per share
—

—

—

(491
)
—

—

—

(491
)
 
—

Preferred stock
—

—

—

(84
)
—

—

—

(84
)
 
—

Repurchase of common stock
—

—

—

—

—

(1,295
)
—

(1,295
)
 
—

Common stock issued under:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee benefit plans
—

—

17

—

—

—

—

17

 
—

Direct stock purchase and dividend reinvestment plan
—

—

16

—

—

—

—

16

 
—

Stock awards and options exercised
—

—

296

—

—

—

—

296

 
—

Balance at June 30, 2018
$
3,542

$
14

$
26,981

$
27,306

$
(2,795
)
$
(13,543
)
$
52

$
41,557

(a)
$
189

(a)
Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $37,709 million at Dec. 31, 2017 and $37,963 million at June 30, 2018.


See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


BNY Mellon 51
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 


Note 1–Basis of presentation

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “our,” “we,” “us,” “BNY Mellon,” the “Company” and similar terms refer to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Parent” refers to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation but not its subsidiaries.

Basis of presentation

The accounting and financial reporting policies of BNY Mellon, a global financial services company, conform to U.S. GAAP and prevailing industry practices. For information on our significant accounting and reporting policies, see Note 1 in our 2018 Annual Report.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been made. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2018 Annual Report. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior periods to place them on a basis comparable with the current period presentation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates based upon assumptions about future economic and market conditions which affect reported amounts and related disclosures in our financial statements. Although our current estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be worse than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition. Amounts subject to estimates are items such as allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments, fair value of financial instruments and derivatives, goodwill and other intangibles and litigation and regulatory contingencies. Among other effects, such changes in estimates could result in future impairments of goodwill and intangible assets and establishment of allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments as well as accruals for litigation and regulatory contingencies.

 
Note 2–Accounting changes and new accounting guidance

The following accounting changes and new accounting guidance were adopted in the first quarter of 2019.

ASU 2016-02, Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU, Leases. The primary objective of this ASU is to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and expand related disclosures. This ASU requires a “right-of-use” asset and a payment obligation liability on the balance sheet for most leases and subleases. Additionally, depending on the lease classification under the standard, it may result in different expense recognition patterns and classification than under existing accounting principles. For leases classified as finance leases, it will result in higher expense recognition in the earlier periods and lower expense in the later periods of the lease.

The Company adopted this guidance on Jan. 1, 2019 using the alternative transition method on a prospective basis and recognized right-of-use assets of $1.3 billion and lease liabilities of $1.5 billion on the consolidated balance sheet, both based on the present value of the expected remaining lease payments. See Note 6 for the disclosures required by this ASU.

ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

In February 2018, the FASB issued an ASU, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU permits a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the tax effects of items within accumulated other comprehensive income that do not reflect the lower statutory tax rate which was enacted by the 2017 U.S. tax legislation. BNY Mellon adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2019, which resulted in a $90 million reclassification that decreased accumulated other comprehensive income and increased retained earnings.


52 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Note 3–Acquisitions and dispositions

We sometimes structure our acquisitions with both an initial payment and later contingent payments tied to post-closing revenue or income growth. Contingent payments were $2 million in the second quarter of 2019 and the first six months of 2019.

At June 30, 2019, we are potentially obligated to pay additional consideration which, using reasonable assumptions, could range from $4 million to $17 million over the next three years, but could be higher as certain of the arrangements do not contain a contractual maximum.

The transactions described below did not have a material impact on BNY Mellon’s results of operations.

Transactions in 2018

On Jan. 2, 2018, BNY Mellon completed the sale of CenterSquare, one of our Investment Management boutiques, and recorded a gain on this transaction. CenterSquare had approximately $10 billion in AUM in U.S. and global real estate and infrastructure investments. In addition, goodwill of $52 million was removed from the consolidated balance sheet as a result of this sale.

On June 29, 2018, BNY Mellon completed the exchange of its majority equity interest in Amherst Capital Management LLC for a minority equity stake in Amherst Holdings LLC. Goodwill of $13 million was removed from the consolidated balance sheet and a gain was recorded as a result of this sale.

Note 4–Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of securities at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, respectively.

 
Securities at June 30, 2019
Gross
unrealized
 
 
Amortized cost

Fair
value

(in millions)
Gains

Losses

Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
26,225

$
145

$
166

$
26,204

U.S. Treasury
13,805

424

32

14,197

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
12,184

161

3

12,342

Agency commercial MBS
9,499

194

15

9,678

Supranational
3,878

38

2

3,914

CLOs
3,665

1

17

3,649

Foreign covered bonds
3,385

17

4

3,398

U.S. government agencies
2,585

65

—

2,650

Other ABS
2,466

8

4

2,470

Non-agency commercial MBS
1,968

38

1

2,005

State and political subdivisions
1,253

28

1

1,280

Non-agency RMBS (a)
999

230

8

1,221

Corporate bonds
889

19

3

905

Other debt securities
1,671

9

—

1,680

Total securities available-for-sale (b)
$
84,472

$
1,377

$
256

$
85,593

Held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
26,591

$
195

$
127

$
26,659

U.S. Treasury
4,467

24

9

4,482

U.S. government agencies
1,276

1

1

1,276

Agency commercial MBS
1,179

22

1

1,200

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
823

39

—

862

Non-agency RMBS
91

4

2

93

Foreign covered bonds
80

1

—

81

Supranational
25

—

—

25

State and political subdivisions
17

—

—

17

Total securities held-to-maturity
$
34,549

$
286

$
140

$
34,695

Total securities
$
119,021

$
1,663

$
396

$
120,288


(a)
Includes $753 million that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(b)
Includes gross unrealized gains of $36 million and gross unrealized losses of $76 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized gains and losses are primarily related to Agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities.


BNY Mellon 53
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Securities at Dec. 31, 2018
Gross
unrealized
 
 
Amortized cost

Fair
value

(in millions)
Gains

Losses

Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
25,594

$
83

$
369

$
25,308

U.S. Treasury
20,190

96

210

20,076

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
10,663

108

21

10,750

Agency commercial MBS
9,836

16

161

9,691

CLOs
3,410

—

46

3,364

Supranational
2,985

7

8

2,984

Foreign covered bonds
2,890

7

19

2,878

State and political subdivisions
2,251

18

22

2,247

Other ABS
1,776

1

4

1,773

U.S. government agencies
1,676

5

24

1,657

Non-agency commercial MBS
1,491

1

28

1,464

Non-agency RMBS (a)
1,095

241

11

1,325

Corporate bonds
1,074

6

26

1,054

Other debt securities
1,236

6

4

1,238

Total securities available-for-sale (b)
$
86,167

$
595

$
953

$
85,809

Held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
25,507

$
32

$
632

$
24,907

U.S. Treasury
4,727

3

77

4,653

U.S. government agencies
1,497

—

10

1,487

Agency commercial MBS
1,195

—

26

1,169

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
833

26

—

859

Non-agency RMBS
100

4

2

102

Foreign covered bonds
80

1

—

81

Supranational
26

1

—

27

State and political subdivisions
17

—

—

17

Total securities held-to-maturity
$
33,982

$
67

$
747

$
33,302

Total securities
$
120,149

$
662

$
1,700

$
119,111

(a)
Includes $832 million that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(b)
Includes gross unrealized gains of $39 million and gross unrealized losses of $87 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized gains and losses are primarily related to Agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities.


 
The following table presents the realized gains, losses and impairments, on a gross basis.

Net securities gains (losses)
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Realized gross gains
$
12

$
5

$
2

$
17

$
4

Realized gross losses
(5
)
(4
)
(1
)
(9
)
(52
)
Recognized gross impairments
—

—

—

—

—

Total net securities gains (losses)
$
7

$
1

$
1

$
8

$
(48
)



The following table presents pre-tax net securities gains (losses) by type.

Net securities gains (losses)
 
 
 
(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

U.S. Treasury
$
3

$
1

$
—

$
4

$
(4
)
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
2

1

—

3

—

State and political subdivisions
2

—

1

2

(1
)
Agency RMBS
—

—

—

—

(42
)
Other
—

(1
)
—

(1
)
(1
)
Total net securities gains (losses)
$
7

$
1

$
1

$
8

$
(48
)



Temporarily impaired securities

At June 30, 2019, the gross unrealized losses on the securities portfolio were primarily attributable to an increase in interest rates from the date of purchase, and for certain securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, an increase in interest rates through the date they were transferred. Specifically, $76 million of the unrealized losses at June 30, 2019 and $87 million at Dec. 31, 2018 reflected in the available-for-sale sections of the tables below relate to certain securities (primarily Agency RMBS) that were transferred in prior periods from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. The transfer created a new cost basis for the securities. As a result, if these securities have experienced unrealized losses since the date of transfer, the corresponding fair value and unrealized losses would be reflected in the held-to-maturity sections of the following tables. We do not intend to sell these securities, and it is not more likely than not that we will have to sell these securities.




54 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

The following tables show the aggregate fair value of securities with a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more.

Temporarily impaired securities at June 30, 2019
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
Fair
value

Unrealized
losses

 
Fair
value

Unrealized
losses

 
Fair
value

Unrealized
losses

(in millions)
 
 
Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
9,070

$
31

 
$
7,410

$
135

 
$
16,480

$
166

U.S. Treasury
74

1

 
2,961

31

 
3,035

32

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
1,680

1

 
738

2

 
2,418

3

Agency commercial MBS
2,353

6

 
1,030

9

 
3,383

15

Supranational
814

1

 
206

1

 
1,020

2

CLOs
1,346

4

 
1,134

13

 
2,480

17

Foreign covered bonds
568

1

 
707

3

 
1,275

4

Other ABS
1,053

4

 
31

—

 
1,084

4

Non-agency commercial MBS
414

1

 
38

—

 
452

1

State and political subdivisions
—

—

 
116

1

 
116

1

Non-agency RMBS (a)
26

—

 
121

8

 
147

8

Corporate bonds
26

—

 
238

3

 
264

3

Total securities available-for-sale (b)
$
17,424

$
50

 
$
14,730

$
206

 
$
32,154

$
256

Held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
623

$
1

 
$
12,922

$
126

 
$
13,545

$
127

U.S. Treasury
—

—

 
2,066

9

 
2,066

9

U.S. government agencies
50

—

 
407

1

 
457

1

Agency commercial MBS
—

—

 
57

1

 
57

1

Non-agency RMBS
7

—

 
42

2

 
49

2

Total securities held-to-maturity
$
680

$
1

 
$
15,494

$
139

 
$
16,174

$
140

Total temporarily impaired securities
$
18,104

$
51

 
$
30,224

$
345

 
$
48,328

$
396

(a)
Includes $6 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for less than 12 months and $3 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for 12 months or more that were included in the former Grantor Trust.
(b)
Includes gross unrealized losses of $76 million for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses are primarily related to Agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. There were no gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months.


BNY Mellon 55
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Temporarily impaired securities at Dec. 31, 2018
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
(in millions)
Fair
value

Unrealized
losses

 
Fair
value

Unrealized
losses

 
Fair
value

Unrealized
losses

Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
6,678

$
30

 
$
9,250

$
339

 
$
15,928

$
369

U.S. Treasury
6,126

23

 
6,880

187

 
13,006

210

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
2,185

8

 
988

13

 
3,173

21

Agency commercial MBS
4,505

50

 
3,082

111

 
7,587

161

CLOs
3,280

46

 
2

—

 
3,282

46

Supranational
974

2

 
481

6

 
1,455

8

Foreign covered bonds
1,058

7

 
736

12

 
1,794

19

State and political subdivisions
316

1

 
668

21

 
984

22

Other ABS
1,289

4

 
23

—

 
1,312

4

U.S. government agencies
513

4

 
673

20

 
1,186

24

Non-agency commercial MBS
1,015

14

 
362

14

 
1,377

28

Non-agency RMBS (a)
94

1

 
157

10

 
251

11

Corporate bonds
685

24

 
50

2

 
735

26

Other debt securities
397

1

 
256

3

 
653

4

Total securities available-for-sale (b)
$
29,115

$
215

 
$
23,608

$
738

 
$
52,723

$
953

Held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
4,602

$
56

 
$
17,107

$
576

 
$
21,709

$
632

U.S. Treasury
157

2

 
4,343

75

 
4,500

77

U.S. government agencies
—

—

 
1,111

10

 
1,111

10

Agency commercial MBS
477

7

 
654

19

 
1,131

26

Non-agency RMBS
22

1

 
31

1

 
53

2

Total securities held-to-maturity
$
5,258

$
66

 
$
23,246

$
681

 
$
28,504

$
747

Total temporarily impaired securities
$
34,373

$
281

 
$
46,854

$
1,419

 
$
81,227

$
1,700

(a)
Includes $22 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for less than 12 months and $3 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for 12 months or more that were included in the former Grantor Trust.
(b)
Includes gross unrealized losses of $87 million for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses are primarily related to Agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. There were no gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months.


The following table shows the maturity distribution by carrying amount and yield (on a tax equivalent basis) of our securities portfolio.

Maturity distribution and yields on securities at June 30, 2019
U.S. Treasury
 
U.S. government
agencies
 
State and political
subdivisions
 
Other bonds, notes and debentures
 
Mortgage/
asset-backed
 
 
(dollars in millions)
Amount

Yield (a)

 
Amount

Yield (a)

 
Amount

Yield (a)

 
Amount

Yield (a)

 
Amount

Yield (a)

 
Total

Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One year or less
$
3,152

2.59
%
 
$
80

2.28
%
 
$
189

2.97
%
 
$
7,148

1.32
%
 
$
—

—
%
 
$
10,569

Over 1 through 5 years
5,057

1.81

 
991

2.68

 
849

3.16

 
12,999

1.34

 
—

—

 
19,896

Over 5 through 10 years
3,283

2.31

 
1,579

2.81

 
130

3.05

 
1,883

0.84

 
—

—

 
6,875

Over 10 years
2,705

3.11

 
—

—

 
112

2.96

 
209

1.78

 
—

—

 
3,026

Mortgage-backed securities
—

—

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
39,108

3.18

 
39,108

Asset-backed securities
—

—

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
6,119

3.33

 
6,119

Total
$
14,197

2.35
%
 
$
2,650

2.74
%
 
$
1,280

3.10
%
 
$
22,239

1.30
%
 
$
45,227

3.20
%
 
$
85,593

Securities held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One year or less
$
1,556

1.48
%
 
$
333

1.31
%
 
$
—

—
%
 
$
82

0.64
%
 
$
—

—
%
 
$
1,971

Over 1 through 5 years
2,600

1.96

 
759

2.33

 
3

5.68

 
487

0.57

 
—

—

 
3,849

Over 5 through 10 years
311

2.18

 
172

2.89

 
—

—

 
359

0.81

 
—

—

 
842

Over 10 years
—

—

 
12

3.25

 
14

4.76

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
26

Mortgage-backed securities
—

—

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
27,861

2.98

 
27,861

Total
$
4,467

1.81
%
 
$
1,276

2.15
%
 
$
17

4.93
%
 
$
928

0.67
%
 
$
27,861

2.98
%
 
$
34,549

(a)
Yields are based upon the amortized cost of securities.




56 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Other-than-temporary impairment

For each security in the securities portfolio, a quarterly review is conducted to determine if an OTTI has occurred. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report for a discussion of the determination of OTTI.

The following table reflects securities credit losses recorded in earnings. The beginning balance represents the credit loss component for which OTTI occurred on debt securities in prior periods. The additions represent the first time a debt security was credit impaired or when subsequent credit impairments have occurred. The deductions represent credit losses on securities that have been sold, are required to be sold, or for which it is our intention to sell.

Debt securities credit loss roll forward
 
 
(in millions)
2Q19

2Q18

Beginning balance as of March 31
$
77

$
80

Add: Initial OTTI credit losses
—

—

 Subsequent OTTI credit losses
—

—

Less: Realized losses for securities sold
—

1

Ending balance as of June 30
$
77

$
79




Debt securities credit loss roll forward
 
 
(in millions)
YTD19

YTD18

Beginning balance as of Dec. 31
$
78

$
84

Add: Initial OTTI credit losses
—

—

 Subsequent OTTI credit losses
—

—

Less: Realized losses for securities sold
1

5

Ending balance as of June 30
$
77

$
79




Pledged assets

At June 30, 2019, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $117 billion, including $90 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $7 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the FHLB. The components of the assets pledged at June 30, 2019 included $98 billion of securities, $14 billion of loans, $5 billion of trading assets and less than $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

If there has been no borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window, the Federal Reserve generally allows banks to freely move assets in and out of their pledged assets account to sell or repledge the assets
 
for other purposes. BNY Mellon regularly moves assets in and out of its pledged assets account at the Federal Reserve.

At Dec. 31, 2018, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $120 billion, including $96 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $7 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the FHLB. The components of the assets pledged at Dec. 31, 2018 included $100 billion of securities, $15 billion of loans, $4 billion of trading assets and $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, pledged assets included $19 billion and $13 billion, respectively, for which the recipients were permitted to sell or repledge the assets delivered.

We also obtain securities as collateral, including receipts under resale agreements, securities borrowed, derivative contracts and custody agreements on terms which permit us to sell or repledge the securities to others. At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, the market value of the securities received that can be sold or repledged was $164 billion and $151 billion, respectively. We routinely sell or repledge these securities through delivery to third parties. As of June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, the market value of securities collateral sold or repledged was $101 billion and $101 billion, respectively.

Restricted cash and securities

Cash and securities may be segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements. At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, cash segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements was $2 billion and $2 billion, respectively. Restricted cash is included in interest-bearing deposits with banks on the consolidated balance sheet. Securities segregated for these purposes were $2 billion at June 30, 2019 and $2 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Restricted securities were sourced from securities purchased under resale agreements and are included in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements on the consolidated balance sheet.



BNY Mellon 57
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Note 5–Loans and asset quality

Loans

The table below provides the details of our loan portfolio and industry concentrations of credit risk at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018.

Loans
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
Domestic:
 
 
Commercial
$
1,452

$
1,949

Commercial real estate
5,192

4,787

Financial institutions
4,574

5,091

Lease financings
662

706

Wealth management loans and mortgages
15,579

15,843

Other residential mortgages
549

594

Overdrafts
1,575

1,550

Other
1,122

1,181

Margin loans
10,152

13,343

Total domestic
40,857

45,044

Foreign:
 
 
Commercial
285

183

Commercial real estate
7

—

Financial institutions
6,948

6,492

Lease financings
563

551

Wealth management loans and mortgages
90

122

Other (primarily overdrafts)
3,196

4,031

Margin loans
450

141

Total foreign
11,539

11,520

Total loans (a)
$
52,396

$
56,564

(a)
Net of unearned income of $340 million at June 30, 2019 and $358 million at Dec. 31, 2018 primarily related to domestic and foreign lease financings.


Our loan portfolio consists of three portfolio segments: commercial, lease financings and mortgages. We manage our portfolio at the class level, which consists of six classes of financing receivables: commercial, commercial real estate, financial institutions, lease financings, wealth management loans and mortgages, and other residential mortgages.

The following tables are presented for each class of financing receivables and provide additional information about our credit risks and the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses.



58 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Allowance for credit losses

Activity in the allowance for credit losses is summarized as follows.

Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended June 30, 2019
Wealth management loans and mortgages

Other
residential
mortgages

 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

All
other

 
Foreign

Total

Beginning balance
$
82

$
74

$
23

$
4

$
21

$
15

$
—

 
$
29

$
248

Charge-offs
—

—

—

—

(1
)
—

—

 
—

(1
)
Recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

2

—

 
—

2

Net (charge-offs) recoveries
—

—

—

—

(1
)
2

—

 
—

1

Provision
(5
)
(2
)
(2
)
—

—

(3
)
—

 
4

(8
)
Ending balance
$
77

$
72

$
21

$
4

$
20

$
14

$
—

 
$
33

$
241

Allowance for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan losses
$
23

$
57

$
8

$
4

$
17

$
14

$
—

 
$
23

$
146

Lending-related commitments
54

15

13

—

3

—

—

 
10

95

Individually evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
96

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
16

$
—

$
—

 
$
—

$
112

Allowance for loan losses
10

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

10

Collectively evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
1,356

$
5,192

$
4,574

$
662

$
15,563

$
549

$
12,849

(a)
$
11,539

$
52,284

Allowance for loan losses
13

57

8

4

17

14

—

 
23

136


(a)
Includes $1,575 million of domestic overdrafts, $10,152 million of margin loans and $1,122 million of other loans at June 30, 2019.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2019
Wealth management loans and mortgages

Other
residential
mortgages

 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

All
other

 
Foreign

Total

Beginning balance
$
81

$
75

$
22

$
5

$
21

$
16

$
—

 
$
32

$
252

Charge-offs
(11
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

(11
)
Recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

—

Net charge-offs
(11
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

(11
)
Provision
12

(1
)
1

(1
)
—

(1
)
—

 
(3
)
7

Ending balance
$
82

$
74

$
23

$
4

$
21

$
15

$
—

 
$
29

$
248

Allowance for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan losses
$
24

$
56

$
10

$
4

$
18

$
15

$
—

 
$
19

$
146

Lending-related commitments
58

18

13

—

3

—

—

 
10

102

Individually evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
96

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
4

$
—

$
—

 
$
—

$
100

Allowance for loan losses
10

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

10

Collectively evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
1,626

$
4,921

$
4,652

$
653

$
15,724

$
574

$
13,913

(a)
$
11,324

$
53,387

Allowance for loan losses
14

56

10

4

18

15

—

 
19

136

(a)
Includes $654 million of domestic overdrafts, $12,107 million of margin loans and $1,152 million of other loans at March 31, 2019.




BNY Mellon 59
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended June 30, 2018
Wealth management loans and mortgages

Other
residential
mortgages

All
other

 
Foreign

Total

(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

 
Beginning balance
$
75

$
75

$
22

$
7

$
23

$
19

$
—

 
$
35

$
256

Charge-offs
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

—

Recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

1

—

 
—

1

Net recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

1

—

 
—

1

Provision
1

(1
)
2

(1
)
—

(2
)
—

 
(2
)
(3
)
Ending balance
$
76

$
74

$
24

$
6

$
23

$
18

$
—

 
$
33

$
254

Allowance for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan losses
$
17

$
55

$
8

$
6

$
19

$
18

$
—

 
$
22

$
145

Lending-related commitments
59

19

16

—

4

—

—

 
11

109

Individually evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
5

$
—

$
—

 
$
—

$
5

Allowance for loan losses
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 
—

—

Collectively evaluated for impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan balance
$
2,117

$
4,974

$
5,526

$
758

$
16,186

$
653

$
17,173

(a)
$
10,384

$
57,771

Allowance for loan losses
17

55

8

6

19

18

—

 
22

145

(a)
Includes $1,090 million of domestic overdrafts, $14,914 million of margin loans and $1,169 million of other loans at June 30, 2018.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019
Wealth management loans and mortgages

Other
residential
mortgages

All
other

Foreign

Total

(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

Beginning balance
$
81

$
75

$
22

$
5

$
21

$
16

$
—

$
32

$
252

Charge-offs
(11
)
—

—

—

(1
)
—

—

—

(12
)
Recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

2

—

—

2

Net (charge-offs) recoveries
(11
)
—

—

—

(1
)
2

—

—

(10
)
Provision
7

(3
)
(1
)
(1
)
—

(4
)
—

1

(1
)
Ending balance
$
77

$
72

$
21

$
4

$
20

$
14

$
—

$
33

$
241



Allowance for credit losses activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018
Wealth management loans and mortgages

Other
residential
mortgages

All
other

Foreign

Total

(in millions)
Commercial

Commercial
real estate

Financial
institutions

Lease
financings

Beginning balance
$
77

$
76

$
23

$
8

$
22

$
20

$
—

$
35

$
261

Charge-offs
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

1

Net recoveries
—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

1

Provision
(1
)
(2
)
1

(2
)
1

(3
)
—

(2
)
(8
)
Ending balance
$
76

$
74

$
24

$
6

$
23

$
18

$
—

$
33

$
254






60 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Nonperforming assets

The table below presents our nonperforming assets. 

 
Nonperforming assets
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

 
 
Nonperforming loans:
 
 
 
Commercial
$
96

$
—

 
Other residential mortgages
65

67

 
Wealth management loans and mortgages
23

9

 
Total nonperforming loans
184

76

 
Other assets owned
2

3

 
Total nonperforming assets (a)
$
186

$
79


(a)
In the second quarter of 2019, we refined the application of our nonperforming assets policy for first lien residential mortgage loans greater than 90 days delinquent that resulted in a $12 million increase in nonperforming assets.


At June 30, 2019, undrawn commitments to borrowers whose loans were classified as nonaccrual or reduced rate were not material.
 
Lost interest

Interest revenue would have increased by $4 million in the second quarter of 2019, $2 million in the first quarter of 2019, $1 million in the second quarter of 2018, $7 million in the first six months of 2019 and $2 million in the first six months of 2018 if nonperforming loans at period-end had been performing for the entire respective period.



Impaired loans

The tables below present information about our impaired loans.

Impaired loans
2Q19
1Q19
2Q18
YTD19
YTD18
(in millions)
Average recorded investment

Interest revenue recognized

Average recorded investment

Interest revenue recognized

Average recorded investment

Interest revenue recognized

Average recorded investment

Interest revenue recognized

Average recorded investment

Interest revenue recognized

Impaired loans with an allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
96

$
—

$
48

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
64

$
—

$
—

$
—

Wealth management loans and mortgages
—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

1

—

Total impaired loans with an allowance
96

—

48

—

1

—

64

—

1

—

Impaired loans without an allowance: (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wealth management loans and mortgages
10

—

4

—

4

—

8

—

4

—

Total impaired loans
$
106

$
—

$
52

$
—

$
5

$
—

$
72

$
—

$
5

$
—

(a)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the carrying value of the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance under the accounting standard related to impaired loans.


BNY Mellon 61
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Impaired loans
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
(in millions)
Recorded
investment

Unpaid
principal
balance

Related
allowance (a)

 
Recorded
investment

Unpaid
principal
balance

Related
allowance (a)

Impaired loans with an allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
96

$
96

$
10

 
$
—

$
—

$
—

Impaired loans without an allowance: (b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wealth management loans and mortgages
16

16

N/A

 
4

4

N/A

Total impaired loans (c)
$
112

$
112

$
10

 
$
4

$
4

$
—

(a)
The allowance for impaired loans is included in the allowance for loan losses.
(b)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the carrying value of the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance under the accounting standard related to impaired loans.
(c)
Excludes an aggregate of less than $1 million of impaired loans in amounts individually less than $1 million at both June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, respectively. The allowance for loan losses associated with these loans totaled less than $1 million at both June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, respectively.
N/A - Not applicable.


Past due loans

The table below presents our past due loans. 

Past due loans and still accruing interest
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
Days past due
Total
past due

 
Days past due
Total
past due

(in millions)
30-59

60-89

≥90

30-59

60-89

≥90

Wealth management loans and mortgages
$
19

$
2

$
—

$
21

 
$
22

$
1

$
5

$
28

Other residential mortgages
11

1

—

12

 
12

6

7

25

Financial institutions
10

—

—

10

 
3

3

—

6

Commercial real estate
9

—

—

9

 
1

—

—

1

Total past due loans
$
49

$
3

$
—

$
52

 
$
38

$
10

$
12

$
60

 


Troubled debt restructurings

A modified loan is considered a TDR if the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties and the creditor grants a concession to the debtor that would not otherwise be considered. We modified loans of less than $1 million in the second quarter of 2019, $1 million in the second quarter of 2018 and less than $1 million in the first quarter of 2019. The loans were primarily other residential mortgages.
 
Credit quality indicators

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment-grade clients that are active users of our non-credit services. Each customer is assigned an internal credit rating, which is mapped to an external rating agency grade equivalent, if possible, based upon a number of dimensions, which are continually evaluated and may change over time.

The following tables present information about credit quality indicators.

Commercial loan portfolio

Commercial loan portfolio – Credit risk profile
by creditworthiness category
Commercial
 
Commercial real estate
 
Financial institutions
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
 
 
Investment grade
$
1,555

$
2,036

 
$
4,577

$
4,184

 
$
9,338

$
9,586

Non-investment grade
182

96

 
622

603

 
2,184

1,997

Total
$
1,737

$
2,132

 
$
5,199

$
4,787

 
$
11,522

$
11,583






62 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

The commercial loan portfolio is divided into investment grade and non-investment grade categories based on the assigned internal credit ratings, which are generally consistent with those of the public rating agencies. Customers with ratings consistent with BBB- (S&P)/Baa3 (Moody’s) or better are considered to be investment grade. Those clients with ratings lower than this threshold are considered to be non-investment grade.

Wealth management loans and mortgages

Wealth management loans and mortgages – Credit risk
profile by internally assigned grade
 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
Wealth management loans:
 
 
Investment grade
$
6,673

$
6,901

Non-investment grade
161

106

Wealth management mortgages
8,835

8,958

Total
$
15,669

$
15,965




Wealth management non-mortgage loans are not typically rated by external rating agencies. A majority of the wealth management loans are secured by the customers’ investment management accounts or custody accounts. Eligible assets pledged for these loans are typically investment grade fixed-income securities, equities and/or mutual funds. Internal ratings for this portion of the wealth management portfolio, therefore, would equate to investment-grade external ratings. Wealth management loans are provided to select customers based on the pledge of other types of assets, including business assets, fixed assets or a modest amount of commercial real estate. For the loans collateralized by other assets, the credit quality of the obligor is carefully analyzed, but we do not consider this portfolio of loans to be investment grade.

Credit quality indicators for wealth management mortgages are not correlated to external ratings. Wealth management mortgages are typically loans to high-net-worth individuals, which are secured primarily by residential property. These loans are primarily interest-only, adjustable rate mortgages with a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 62% at origination. In the wealth management portfolio, less than 1% of the mortgages were past due at June 30, 2019.
 
At June 30, 2019, the wealth management mortgage portfolio consisted of the following geographic concentrations: California - 23%; New York - 18%; Massachusetts - 10%; Florida - 8%; and other - 41%.

Other residential mortgages

The other residential mortgage portfolio primarily consists of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans and totaled $549 million at June 30, 2019 and $594 million at Dec. 31, 2018. These loans are not typically correlated to external ratings. Included in this portfolio at June 30, 2019 were $111 million of mortgage loans purchased in 2005, 2006 and the first quarter of 2007, of which, 10% of the serviced loan balance was at least 60 days delinquent.

Overdrafts

Overdrafts primarily relate to custody and securities clearance clients and totaled $4.7 billion at June 30, 2019 and $5.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis primarily in the custody and securities clearance business and are generally repaid within two business days.

Other loans

Other loans primarily include loans to consumers that are fully collateralized with equities, mutual funds and fixed-income securities.

Margin loans

We had $10.6 billion of secured margin loans on our consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2019 compared with $13.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Margin loans are collateralized with marketable securities, and borrowers are required to maintain a daily collateral margin in excess of 100% of the value of the loan. We have rarely suffered a loss on these types of loans and do not allocate any of our allowance for credit losses to margin loans.

Reverse repurchase agreements

Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions fully collateralized with high-quality liquid securities. These transactions carry minimal credit risk and therefore are not allocated an allowance for credit losses.



BNY Mellon 63
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Note 6–Leasing

Significant accounting policy

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments. The ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date of the lease in determining the present value of lease payments. In addition to the lease payments, the determination of an ROU asset may also include certain adjustments related to lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the determination of the ROU asset and lease liability only when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while the lease expense for finance leases is recognized using the effective interest method. ROU assets are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. For operating leases, if deemed impaired, the ROU asset is written down and the remaining balance is subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis which results in lease expense recognition that is similar to finance leases.

We have elected to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component and exclude the non-lease variable components. Additionally, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities.

BNY Mellon engages in subleasing activities and reports the rental income as part of net occupancy expense, as this activity is not a significant business activity and is part of the Company’s customary business practice.

BNY Mellon engages in leverage lease transactions that were entered into prior to Dec. 31, 2018. These leases are grandfathered under the new standard and will continue to be accounted for under the prior guidance unless subsequently modified.
 
Leases

We have operating and finance leases for corporate offices, data centers and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to 20 years, some of which include options to extend or terminate the lease. In some of our corporate office locations, we may enter into sublease arrangements for portions or all of the space and/or lease term.

The following table presents the consolidated balance sheet information related to operating and finance leases.

Balance sheet information
June 30, 2019
(dollar in millions)
Operating
leases

Finance
leases

Total

Right-of-use assets (a)
$
1,160

$
21

$
1,181

Lease liability (b)
$
1,358

$
10

$
1,368

 
 
 
 
Weighted average:
 
 
 
Remaining lease term
8.3 years

3.3 years

 
Discount rate (annualized)
3.17
%
2.78
%
 
(a)
Included in premises and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet.
(b)
Operating lease liabilities are included in other liabilities and finance lease liabilities are included in other borrowed funds, both on the consolidated balance sheet.


The following table presents the components of lease expense.

Lease expense
Quarter ended
 
 
Year-to-date
 
(in millions)
June 30, 2019
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
Operating lease expense
 
$
63

 
 
$
132

Variable lease expense
 
10

 
 
19

Sublease income
 
(8
)
 
 
(16
)
Finance lease expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of right-of-use assets
 
2

 
 
4

Interest on lease liabilities
 
—

 
 
—

Total finance lease expense
 
$
2

 
 
$
4

Total lease expense
 
$
67

 
 
$
139



The following table presents cash flow information related to leases.

Cash flow information
Six months ended
 
(in millions)
June 30, 2019
 
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
 
 
Operating cash flows from finance leases
$
—

Operating cash flows from operating leases
$
134

Financing cash flows from finance leases
$
12





64 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

See Note 21 for information on non-cash operating and/or finance lease transactions.

The following table presents the maturity of lease liabilities on operating leases prior to adopting ASU 2016-02, Leases.

Maturities of lease liabilities
Operating
leases

(in millions)
For the year ended Dec. 31,
 
2019
$
264

2020
244

2021
211

2022
172

2023
136

2024 and thereafter
432

Total
$
1,459



 
The following table presents the maturities of lease liabilities after adopting ASU 2016-02, Leases.

Maturities of lease liabilities
Operating
leases

Finance
leases

(in millions)
For the year ended Dec. 31,
 
 
2019 (excluding six months ended June 30, 2019)
$
148

$
9

2020
271

1

2021
215

—

2022
175

—

2023
137

—

2024 and thereafter
600

—

Total lease payments
1,546

10

Less: Imputed interest
(188
)
—

Total
$
1,358

$
10





Note 7–Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

The tables below provide a breakdown of goodwill by business.

Goodwill by business
(in millions)
Investment
Services

Investment
Management

Other

Consolidated

Balance at Dec. 31, 2018
$
8,333

$
8,970

$
47

$
17,350

Foreign currency translation
(6
)
(7
)
—

(13
)
Balance at June 30, 2019
$
8,327

$
8,963

$
47

$
17,337



Goodwill by business
(in millions)
Investment
Services

Investment
Management

Other

Consolidated

Balance at Dec. 31, 2017
$
8,389

$
9,128

$
47

$
17,564

Dispositions
—

(65
)
—

(65
)
Foreign currency translation
(31
)
(50
)
—

(81
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
$
8,358

$
9,013

$
47

$
17,418




Intangible assets

The tables below provide a breakdown of intangible assets by business.

Intangible assets – net carrying amount by business
(in millions)
Investment
Services

Investment
Management

Other

Consolidated

Balance at Dec. 31, 2018
$
758

$
1,613

$
849

$
3,220

Amortization
(41
)
(18
)
—

(59
)
Foreign currency translation
—

(1
)
—

(1
)
Balance at June 30, 2019
$
717

$
1,594

$
849

$
3,160





BNY Mellon 65
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Intangible assets – net carrying amount by business
(in millions)
Investment
Services

Investment
Management

Other

Consolidated

Balance at Dec. 31, 2017
$
888

$
1,674

$
849

$
3,411

Amortization
(72
)
(25
)
—

(97
)
Foreign currency translation
(1
)
(5
)
—

(6
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
$
815

$
1,644

$
849

$
3,308




The table below provides a breakdown of intangible assets by type.

Intangible assets
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
(in millions)
Gross
carrying
amount

Accumulated
amortization

Net
carrying
amount

Remaining
weighted-
average
amortization
period
 
Gross
carrying
amount

Accumulated
amortization

Net
carrying
amount

Subject to amortization: (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer contracts—Investment Services
$
1,573

$
(1,227
)
$
346

10 years
 
$
1,572

$
(1,186
)
$
386

Customer relationships—Investment Management
898

(714
)
184

11 years
 
899

(699
)
200

Other
65

(14
)
51

14 years
 
26

(12
)
14

Total subject to amortization
2,536

(1,955
)
581

11 years
 
2,497

(1,897
)
600

Not subject to amortization: (b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tradenames
1,292

N/A

1,292

N/A
 
1,332

N/A

1,332

Customer relationships
1,287

N/A

1,287

N/A
 
1,288

N/A

1,288

Total not subject to amortization
2,579

N/A

2,579

N/A
 
2,620

N/A

2,620

Total intangible assets
$
5,115

$
(1,955
)
$
3,160

N/A
 
$
5,117

$
(1,897
)
$
3,220


(a)
Excludes fully amortized intangible assets.
(b)
Intangible assets not subject to amortization have an indefinite life.
N/A - Not applicable.


Estimated annual amortization expense for current intangibles for the next five years is as follows:

For the year ended
Dec. 31,
Estimated amortization expense
(in millions)
 
2019
 
$
117

2020
 
104

2021
 
81

2022
 
63

2023
 
52




Impairment testing

The goodwill impairment test is performed at least annually at the reporting unit level. Intangible assets
 
not subject to amortization are tested for impairment annually or more often if events or circumstances indicate they may be impaired.

BNY Mellon’s three business segments include seven reporting units for which goodwill impairment testing is performed on an annual basis. The Investment Services segment is comprised of four reporting units; the Investment Management segment is comprised of two reporting units and one reporting unit is included in the Other segment. As a result of the annual goodwill impairment test of the seven reporting units conducted in the second quarter of 2019, no goodwill impairment was recognized.



66 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Note 8–Other assets

The following table provides the components of other assets presented on the consolidated balance sheet.

Other assets
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
Corporate/bank-owned life insurance
$
4,970

$
4,937

Accounts receivable
4,322

3,692

Fails to deliver
4,057

2,274

Software
1,710

1,652

Prepaid pension assets
1,444

1,357

Renewable energy investments
1,201

1,264

Equity in a joint venture and other investments
1,156

1,064

Qualified affordable housing project investments
1,068

999

Income taxes receivable
743

1,125

Prepaid expense
539

385

Federal Reserve Bank stock
463

484

Seed capital
217

224

Fair value of hedging derivatives
156

289

Other (a)
1,691

1,552

Total other assets
$
23,737

$
21,298

(a)
At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, other assets include $73 million and $111 million, respectively, of Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost.


Non-readily marketable equity securities

Non-readily marketable equity securities do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are valued using a measurement alternative where the investments are carried at cost, less any impairment, and plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The observable price changes are recorded in investment and other income on the consolidated income statement. Our non-readily marketable equity securities totaled $61 million at June 30, 2019 and $55 million at Dec. 31, 2018 and are included in equity in a joint venture and other investments in the table above.

 
The following table presents the adjustments on the non-readily marketable equity securities.

Non-readily marketable equity securities
 
Life-to-date

(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Upward adjustments
$
2

$
—

$
5

$
2

$
25

$
30

Downward adjustments
(1
)
—

—

(1
)
—

(2
)
Net adjustments
$
1

$
—

$
5

$
1

$
25

$
28




Qualified affordable housing project investments

We invest in affordable housing projects primarily to satisfy the Company’s requirements under the Community Reinvestment Act. Our total investment in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $1.1 billion at June 30, 2019 and $1.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. Commitments to fund future investments in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $500 million at June 30, 2019 and $479 million at Dec. 31, 2018 and are recorded in other liabilities. A summary of the commitments to fund future investments is as follows: 2019 – $98 million; 2020 – $144 million; 2021 – $152 million; 2022 – $82 million; 2023 – $6 million; and 2024 and thereafter – $18 million.

Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized were $39 million in the second quarter of 2019, $42 million in the second quarter of 2018, $39 million in the first quarter of 2019, $78 million in the first six months of 2019 and $82 million in the first six months of 2018.

Amortization expense included in the provision for income taxes was $32 million in the second quarter of 2019, $35 million in the second quarter of 2018, $32 million in the first quarter of 2019, $64 million in the first six months of 2019 and $68 million in the first six months of 2018.

Investments valued using net asset value per share

In our Investment Management business, we manage investment assets, including equities, fixed income, money market and multi-asset and alternative investment funds for institutions and other investors. As part of that activity, we make seed capital investments in certain funds. We also hold private equity investments, specifically small business investment companies (“SBICs”), which are compliant with the Volcker Rule, and certain other corporate investments. Seed capital, private equity


BNY Mellon 67
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

and other corporate investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of certain of these investments was estimated
 
using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share for BNY Mellon’s ownership interest in the funds.

The table below presents information on our investments valued using NAV.

Investments valued using NAV
 
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
(dollars in millions)
Fair
value

Unfunded 
commitments
 
Redemption 
frequency
Redemption 
notice period
 
Fair
value

Unfunded
commitments
 
Redemption 
frequency
Redemption 
notice period
Seed capital
$
60

 
$
—

Daily-quarterly
1-90 days
 
$
54

 
$
—

Daily-quarterly
1-90 days
Private equity investments (SBICs) (a)
81

 
54

N/A
N/A
 
74

 
41

N/A
N/A
Other (b)
37

 
—

Daily-quarterly
1-95 days
 
87

 
—

Daily-quarterly
1-95 days
Total
$
178

 
$
54

 
 
 
$
215

 
$
41

 
 

(a)
Private equity investments include Volcker Rule-compliant investments in SBICs that invest in various sectors of the economy. Private equity investments do not have redemption rights. Distributions from such investments will be received as the underlying investments in the private equity investments, which have a life of 10 years, are liquidated.
(b)
Primarily relates to investments in funds that relate to deferred compensation arrangements with employees.
N/A - Not applicable.


Note 9–Contract revenue

Fee revenue in Investment Services and Investment Management is primarily variable, based on levels of AUC/A, AUM and the level of client-driven transactions, as specified in fee schedules. See Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report for information on the nature of our services and revenue recognition. See Note 23 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement in our 2018 Annual Report for additional
 
information on our principal businesses, Investment Services and Investment Management, and the primary services provided.

Disaggregation of contract revenue

Contract revenue is included in fee revenue on the consolidated income statement. The following tables present fee revenue related to contracts with customers, disaggregated by type of fee revenue, for each business segment.


68 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Disaggregation of contract revenue by business segment (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended
 
June 30, 2019
 
March 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(in millions)
IS

IM

Other

Total

 
IS

IM

Other

Total

 
IS

IM

Other

Total

Fee revenue - contract revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment services fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset servicing fees
$
1,089

$
20

$
—

$
1,109

 
$
1,073

$
20

$
—

$
1,093

 
$
1,098

$
21

$
1

$
1,120

Clearing services fees (b)
411

—

(1
)
410

 
398

—

—

398

 
401

—

—

401

Issuer services fees
291

—

—

291

 
251

—

—

251

 
265

—

—

265

Treasury services fees
140

1

—

141

 
132

—

—

132

 
140

1

—

141

Total investment services
fees (b)
1,931

21

(1
)
1,951

 
1,854

20

—

1,874

 
1,904

22

1

1,927

Investment management and performance fees (b)
4

829

—

833

 
4

837

—

841

 
5

893

—

898

Financing-related fees
16

—

1

17

 
17

—

—

17

 
15

—

—

15

Distribution and servicing
(13
)
44

—

31

 
(14
)
45

—

31

 
(14
)
48

—

34

Investment and other income
69

(48
)
—

21

 
69

(49
)
—

20

 
69

(50
)
1

20

Total fee revenue - contract revenue
2,007

846

—

2,853

 
1,930

853

—

2,783

 
1,979

913

2

2,894

Fee and other revenue - not in scope of ASC 606 (c)(d)
220

4

41

265

 
224

11

30

265

 
254

28

39

321

Total fee and other revenue
$
2,227

$
850

$
41

$
3,118

 
$
2,154

$
864

$
30

$
3,048

 
$
2,233

$
941

$
41

$
3,215

(a)
Business segment data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than the generally accepted accounting principles used for consolidated financial reporting.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain platform-related fees to clearing services fees from investment management and performance fees. Prior periods have been reclassified.
(c)
Primarily includes foreign exchange and other trading revenue, financing-related fees, asset servicing fees, investment and other income and net securities gains (losses), all of which are accounted for using other accounting guidance.
(d)
The Investment Management business includes income from consolidated investment management funds, net of noncontrolling interests, of $6 million in the second quarter of 2019, $16 million in the first quarter of 2019 and $5 million in the second quarter of 2018.
IS - Investment Services segment.
IM - Investment Management segment.


Disaggregation of contract revenue by business segment (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year-to-date
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(in millions)
IS

IM

Other

Total

 
IS

IM

Other

Total

Fee revenue - contract revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment services fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset servicing fees
$
2,162

$
40

$
—

$
2,202

 
$
2,215

$
46

$
1

$
2,262

Clearing services fees (b)
809

—

(1
)
808

 
824

—

1

825

Issuer services fees
542

—

—

542

 
525

—

—

525

Treasury services fees
272

1

—

273

 
278

1

—

279

Total investment services fees (b)
3,785

41

(1
)
3,825

 
3,842

47

2

3,891

Investment management and performance fees (b)
8

1,666

—

1,674

 
9

1,835

—

1,844

Financing-related fees
33

—

1

34

 
32

—

—

32

Distribution and servicing
(27
)
89

—

62

 
(28
)
98

—

70

Investment and other income
138

(97
)
—

41

 
138

(101
)
1

38

Total fee revenue - contract revenue
3,937

1,699

—

5,636

 
3,993

1,879

3

5,875

Fee and other revenue - not in scope of ASC 606 (c)(d)
444

15

71

530

 
490

74

46

610

Total fee and other revenue
$
4,381

$
1,714

$
71

$
6,166

 
$
4,483

$
1,953

$
49

$
6,485

(a)
Business segment data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than the generally accepted accounting principles used for consolidated financial reporting.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain platform-related fees to clearing services fees from investment management and performance fees. Prior periods have been reclassified.
(c)
Primarily includes foreign exchange and other trading revenue, financing-related fees, asset servicing fees, investment and other income and net securities gains (losses), all of which are accounted for using other accounting guidance.
(d)
The Investment Management business includes income from consolidated investment management funds, net of noncontrolling interests, of $22 million in the first six months of 2019 and $5 million in the first six months of 2018.
IS - Investment Services segment.
IM - Investment Management segment.




BNY Mellon 69
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Contract balances

Our clients are billed based on fee schedules that are agreed upon in each customer contract. Receivables from customers were $2.4 billion at June 30, 2019 and $2.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2018. An allowance is maintained for accounts receivable which is generally based on the number of days outstanding. Adjustments to the allowance are recorded in other expense on the consolidated income statement. We recorded a provision of $2 million in the second quarter of 2019, $4 million in the second quarter of 2018, $4 million in the first quarter of 2019, $6 million in the first six months of 2019 and $6 million in the first six months of 2018.

Contract assets represent accrued revenues that have not yet been billed to the customers due to certain contractual terms other than the passage of time and were $74 million at June 30, 2019 and $36 million at Dec. 31, 2018. Accrued revenues recorded as contract assets are usually billed on an annual basis. There were no impairments recorded on contract assets in the second quarter of 2019 or first six months of 2019.

Both receivables from customers and contract assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Contract liabilities represent payments received in advance of providing services under certain contracts and were $198 million at June 30, 2019 and $171 million at Dec. 31, 2018. Contract liabilities are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Revenue recognized in the second quarter of 2019 relating to contract liabilities as of March 31, 2019 was $59 million. Revenue recognized in the first six months of 2019 relating to contract liabilities as of Dec. 31, 2018 was $75 million.

Changes in contract assets and liabilities primarily relate to either party’s performance under the contracts.

Contract costs

Incremental costs for obtaining contracts that are deemed recoverable are capitalized as contract costs.
 
Such costs result from the payment of sales incentives, primarily in the Wealth Management business, and totaled $99 million at June 30, 2019 and $98 million at Dec. 31, 2018. Capitalized sales incentives are amortized based on the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate and typically average nine years. The amortization of capitalized sales incentives, which is primarily included in staff expense on the consolidated income statement, totaled $5 million in the second quarter of 2019, $6 million in the second quarter of 2018, $5 million in the first quarter of 2019, $10 million in the first six months of 2019 and $11 million in the first six months of 2018.

Costs to fulfill a contract are capitalized when they relate directly to an existing contract or a specific anticipated contract, generate or enhance resources that will be used to fulfill performance obligations and are recoverable. Such costs generally represent set-up costs, which include any direct cost incurred at the inception of a contract which enables the fulfillment of the performance obligation and totaled $18 million at June 30, 2019 and $20 million at Dec. 31, 2018. These capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected contract period which generally range from seven to nine years. The amortization is included in other expense on the consolidated income statement and totaled $2 million in the second quarter of 2019, $2 million in the second quarter of 2018, $1 million in the first quarter of 2019, $3 million in the first six months of 2019 and $3 million in the first six months of 2018.

There were no impairments recorded on capitalized contract costs in the second quarter of 2019 or first six months of 2019.

Unsatisfied performance obligations

We do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations other than those that are subject to a practical expedient election under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The practical expedient election applies to (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.



70 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Note 10–Net interest revenue

The following table provides the components of net interest revenue presented on the consolidated income statement.

Net interest revenue
Quarter ended
 
Year-to-date
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

March 31, 2019

June 30, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

June 30, 2018

Interest revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$
113

$
139

$
136

 
$
252

$
262

Deposits with banks
64

63

56

 
127

98

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
568

474

230

 
1,042

400

Margin loans
119

135

128

 
254

243

Non-margin loans
365

355

345

 
720

650

Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
687

706

615

 
1,393

1,196

Exempt from federal income taxes
10

12

14

 
22

29

Total securities
697

718

629

 
1,415

1,225

Trading securities
39

36

29

 
75

56

Total interest revenue
1,965

1,920

1,553

 
3,885

2,934

Interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
432

391

173

 
823

290

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements
372

331

158

 
703

265

Trading liabilities
11

7

7

 
18

16

Other borrowed funds
20

24

14

 
44

23

Commercial paper
18

8

21

 
26

33

Customer payables
69

70

45

 
139

76

Long-term debt
241

248

219

 
489

396

Total interest expense
1,163

1,079

637

 
2,242

1,099

Net interest revenue
802

841

916

 
1,643

1,835

Provision for credit losses
(8
)
7

(3
)
 
(1
)
(8
)
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses
$
810

$
834

$
919

 
$
1,644

$
1,843




Note 11–Employee benefit plans

The components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost are as follows. The service cost component is reflected in staff expense, whereas the remaining components are reflected in other expense.

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost
Quarter ended
June 30, 2019
 
March 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(in millions)
Domestic pension benefits

Foreign pension benefits

Health care benefits

 
Domestic pension benefits

Foreign pension benefits

Health care benefits

 
Domestic pension benefits

Foreign pension benefits

Health care benefits

Service cost
$
—

$
3

$
—

 
$
—

$
3

$
—

 
$
—

$
7

$
—

Interest cost
45

8

1

 
44

8

2

 
42

8

2

Expected return on assets
(84
)
(12
)
(2
)
 
(84
)
(11
)
(2
)
 
(85
)
(14
)
(2
)
Other
13

1

—

 
13

—

(1
)
 
17

6

—

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost
$
(26
)
$
—

$
(1
)
 
$
(27
)
$
—

$
(1
)
 
$
(26
)
$
7

$
—





BNY Mellon 71
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost
Year-to-date
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(in millions)
Domestic pension benefits

Foreign pension benefits

Health care benefits

 
Domestic pension benefits

Foreign pension benefits

Health care benefits

Service cost
$
—

$
6

$
—

 
$
—

$
14

$
—

Interest cost
89

16

3

 
85

16

4

Expected return on assets
(168
)
(23
)
(4
)
 
(170
)
(29
)
(4
)
Other
26

1

(1
)
 
34

12

(1
)
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost
$
(53
)
$
—

$
(2
)
 
$
(51
)
$
13

$
(1
)



Note 12–Income taxes

BNY Mellon recorded an income tax provision of $264 million (20.5% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2019, $286 million (20.5% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2018 and $237 million (19.9% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2019.

Our total tax reserves as of June 30, 2019 were $135 million compared with $105 million at March 31, 2019. If these tax reserves were unnecessary, $135 million would affect the effective tax rate in future periods. We recognize accrued interest and penalties, if applicable, related to income taxes in the provision for income taxes on the consolidated income statement. Included in the balance sheet at June 30, 2019 is accrued interest, where applicable, of $24 million. The additional tax expense related to interest for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $6 million, compared with $2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

It is reasonably possible the total reserve for uncertain tax positions could decrease within the next 12 months by approximately $56 million as a result of adjustments related to tax years that are still subject to examination.

Our federal income tax returns are closed to examination through 2013. Our New York State, New York City and UK income tax returns are closed to examination through 2012.

 
Note 13–Variable interest entities and securitization

BNY Mellon has variable interests in VIEs, which include investments in retail, institutional and alternative investment funds, including collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) structures in which we provide asset management services, some of which are consolidated. The investment funds are offered to our retail and institutional clients to provide them with access to investment vehicles with specific investment objectives and strategies that address the client’s investment needs.

BNY Mellon earns management fees from these funds as well as performance fees in certain funds and may also provide start-up capital for its new funds. The funds are primarily financed by our customers’ investments in the funds’ equity or debt.

Additionally, BNY Mellon invests in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects, which are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of tax credits by the Company. The projects, which are structured as limited partnerships and LLCs, are also VIEs, but are not consolidated.

The following table presents the incremental assets and liabilities included in BNY Mellon’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018. The net assets of any consolidated VIE are solely available to settle the liabilities of the VIE and to settle any investors’ ownership liquidation requests, including any seed capital invested in the VIE by BNY Mellon.



72 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Consolidated investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
(in millions)
Investment
Management
funds
Securitization

Total
consolidated
investments

 
Investment
Management
funds
Securitization

Total
consolidated
investments

Trading assets
$
314

 
$
400

$
714

 
$
243

 
$
400

$
643

Other assets
23

 
—

23

 
220

 
—

220

Total assets
$
337

(a)
$
400

$
737

 
$
463

(b)
$
400

$
863

Other liabilities
$
6

 
$
383

$
389

 
$
2

 
$
371

$
373

Total liabilities
$
6

(a)
$
383

$
389

 
$
2

(b)
$
371

$
373

Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests
$
166

(a)
$
—

$
166

 
$
101

(b)
$
—

$
101

 
(a)
Includes voting model entities (“VMEs”) with assets of $74 million, liabilities of $4 million and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of less than $1 million.
(b)
Includes VMEs with assets of $253 million, liabilities of $2 million and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of less than $1 million.


BNY Mellon has not provided financial or other support that was not otherwise contractually required to be provided to our VIEs. Additionally, creditors of any consolidated VIEs do not have any recourse to the general credit of BNY Mellon.

Non-consolidated VIEs

As of June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, the following assets and liabilities related to the VIEs where BNY
 
Mellon is not the primary beneficiary are included in our consolidated balance sheets and primarily relate to accounting for our investments in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects.

The maximum loss exposure indicated in the table below relates solely to BNY Mellon’s investments in, and unfunded commitments to, the VIEs.

Non-consolidated VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
(in millions)
Assets

Liabilities

Maximum loss exposure

 
Assets

Liabilities

Maximum loss exposure

Securities - Available-for-sale (a)
$
214

$
—

$
214

 
$
214

$
—

$
214

Other
2,496

500

2,996

 
2,450

479

2,929

(a)
Includes investments in the Company’s sponsored CLOs.


Note 14–Preferred stock

BNY Mellon has 100 million authorized shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. The following table summarizes BNY Mellon’s preferred stock issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018.

Preferred stock summary (a)
Total shares issued and outstanding
 
Carrying value (b)
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

 
Per annum dividend rate
Series A
Greater of (i) three-month LIBOR plus 0.565% for the related distribution period; or (ii) 4.000%
5,001

5,001

 
$
500

$
500

Series C
5.2%
5,825

5,825

 
568

568

Series D
4.50% to but excluding June 20, 2023, then a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 2.46%
5,000

5,000

 
494

494

Series E
4.95% to and including June 20, 2020, then a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 3.42%
10,000

10,000

 
990

990

Series F
4.625% to and including Sept. 20, 2026, then a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 3.131%
10,000

10,000

 
990

990

Total
35,826

35,826

 
$
3,542

$
3,542

(a)
All outstanding preferred stock is noncumulative perpetual preferred stock with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share.
(b)
The carrying value of the Series C, Series D, Series E and Series F preferred stock is recorded net of issuance costs.


BNY Mellon 73
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

The table below presents the dividends paid on our preferred stock.

Preferred dividends paid
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Depositary shares
per share
 
2Q19
 
1Q19
 
2Q18
 
YTD19
 
YTD18
 
Per share

Total
dividend

 
Per share

Total
dividend

 
Per share

Total
dividend

 
Per share

Total
dividend

 
Per share

Total
dividend

Series A
100

(a)
 
$
1,022.22

$
5

 
$
1,000.00

$
5

 
$
1,022.22

$
5

 
$
2,022.22

$
10

 
$
2,022.22

$
10

Series C
4,000

 
 
1,300.00

7

 
1,300.00

8

 
1,300.00

7

 
2,600.00

15

 
2,600.00

15

Series D
100

 
 
2,250.00

11

 
N/A

—

 
2,250.00

11

 
2,250.00

11

 
2,250.00

11

Series E
100

 
 
2,475.00

25

 
N/A

—

 
2,475.00

25

 
2,475.00

25

 
2,475.00

25

Series F
100

 
 
N/A

—

 
2,312.50

23

 
N/A

—

 
2,312.50

23

 
2,312.50

23

Total
 
 
 
 
$
48

 
 
$
36

 
 
$
48

 
 
$
84

 
 
$
84

(a)
Represents Normal Preferred Capital Securities.
N/A - Not applicable.


For additional information on the preferred stock, see Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report.
 



Note 15–Other comprehensive income (loss)

Components of other comprehensive income (loss)
Quarter ended
June 30, 2019
 
March 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(in millions)
Pre-tax
amount

Tax
(expense)
benefit

After-tax
amount

 
Pre-tax
amount

Tax
(expense)
benefit

After-tax
amount

 
Pre-tax
amount

Tax
(expense)
benefit

After-tax
amount

Foreign currency translation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments arising during the period (a)
$
29

$
(19
)
$
10

 
$
27

$
2

$
29

 
$
(302
)
$
(98
)
$
(400
)
Total foreign currency translation
29

(19
)
10

 
27

2

29

 
(302
)
(98
)
(400
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during period
384

(97
)
287

 
322

(83
)
239

 
(103
)
39

(64
)
Reclassification adjustment (b)
(7
)
2

(5
)
 
(1
)
—

(1
)
 
(1
)
1

—

Net unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale
377

(95
)
282

 
321

(83
)
238

 
(104
)
40

(64
)
Defined benefit plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) gain arising during the period
—

—

—

 
(11
)
2

(9
)
 
—

—

—

Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost (b)
12

(2
)
10

 
13

(3
)
10

 
22

(6
)
16

Total defined benefit plans
12

(2
)
10

 
2

(1
)
1

 
22

(6
)
16

Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized hedge gain (loss) arising during period
2

(2
)
—

 
6

(4
)
2

 
(17
)
3

(14
)
Reclassification of net loss (gain) to net income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FX contracts - other revenue
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

 
1

—

1

FX contracts - staff expense
—

—

—

 
1

2

3

 
(2
)
1

(1
)
Total reclassifications to net income (b)
—

—

—

 
1

2

3

 
(1
)
1

—

Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
2

(2
)
—

 
7

(2
)
5

 
(18
)
4

(14
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
$
420

$
(118
)
$
302

 
$
357

$
(84
)
$
273

 
$
(402
)
$
(60
)
$
(462
)

(a)
Includes the impact of hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries. See Note 18 for additional information.
(b)
The reclassification adjustment related to the unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale is recorded as net securities gains on the consolidated income statement. The amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost is recorded as staff expense on the consolidated income statement. See Note 18 for the location of the reclassification adjustment related to cash flow hedges on the consolidated income statement.




74 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Components of other comprehensive income (loss)
Year-to-date
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
(in millions)
Pre-tax
amount

Tax
(expense)
benefit

After-tax
amount

 
Pre-tax
amount

Tax
(expense)
benefit

After-tax
amount

Foreign currency translation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments arising during the period (a)
$
56

$
(17
)
$
39

 
$
(101
)
$
(55
)
$
(156
)
Total foreign currency translation
56

(17
)
39

 
(101
)
(55
)
(156
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during period
706

(180
)
526

 
(445
)
106

(339
)
Reclassification adjustment (b)
(8
)
2

(6
)
 
48

(11
)
37

Net unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale
698

(178
)
520

 
(397
)
95

(302
)
Defined benefit plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gain (loss) arising during the period
(11
)
2

(9
)
 
—

—

—

Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost (b)
25

(5
)
20

 
44

(11
)
33

Total defined benefit plans
14

(3
)
11

 
44

(11
)
33

Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized hedge gain (loss) arising during period
8

(6
)
2

 
(10
)
2

(8
)
Reclassification of net loss (gain) to net income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FX contracts - other revenue
—

—

—

 
(3
)
1

(2
)
FX contracts - staff expense
1

2

3

 
(8
)
2

(6
)
Total reclassifications to net income (b)
1

2

3

 
(11
)
3

(8
)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
9

(4
)
5

 
(21
)
5

(16
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
$
777

$
(202
)
$
575

 
$
(475
)
$
34

$
(441
)
(a)
Includes the impact of hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries. See Note 18 for additional information.
(b)
The reclassification adjustment related to the unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale is recorded as net securities gains on the consolidated income statement. The amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost is recorded as staff expense on the consolidated income statement. See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the location of the reclassification adjustment related to cash flow hedges on the consolidated income statement.




BNY Mellon 75
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Note 16–Fair value measurement

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements is utilized based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. BNY Mellon’s own creditworthiness is considered when valuing liabilities. See Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report for
 
information on how we determine fair value and the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present the financial instruments carried at fair value at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, by caption on the consolidated balance sheet and by the three-level valuation hierarchy. We have included credit ratings information in certain of the tables because the information indicates the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed, and significant changes in ratings classifications could result in increased risk for us.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2019
Total carrying
value

(dollars in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Netting (a)

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
—

$
26,204

$
—

$
—

$
26,204

U.S. Treasury
14,197

—

—

—

14,197

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
7,818

4,524

—

—

12,342

Agency commercial MBS
—

9,678

—

—

9,678

Supranational
—

3,914

—

—

3,914

CLOs
—

3,649

—

—

3,649

Foreign covered bonds
—

3,398

—

—

3,398

U.S. government agencies
—

2,650

—

—

2,650

Other ABS
—

2,470

—

—

2,470

Non-agency commercial MBS
—

2,005

—

—

2,005

State and political subdivisions
—

1,280

—

—

1,280

Non-agency RMBS (b)
—

1,221

—

—

1,221

Corporate bonds
—

905

—

—

905

Other debt securities
—

1,680

—

—

1,680

Total available-for-sale securities
22,015

63,578

—

—

85,593

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments
1,529

2,260

—

—

3,789

Equity instruments (c)
2,011

—

—

—

2,011

Derivative assets not designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
14

4,254

—

(2,347
)
1,921

Foreign exchange
—

4,083

—

(3,213
)
870

Equity and other contracts
—

46

—

(8
)
38

Total derivative assets not designated as hedging
14

8,383

—

(5,568
)
2,829

Total trading assets
3,554

10,643

—

(5,568
)
8,629

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange
—

156

—

—

156

Total derivative assets designated as hedging
—

156

—

—

156

Other assets (d)
94

163

—

—

257

Assets measured at NAV (d)
 
 
 
 
178

Subtotal assets of operations at fair value
25,663

74,540

—

(5,568
)
94,813

Percentage of assets of operations prior to netting
26
%
74
%
—
%
 
 
Assets of consolidated investment management funds
305

32

—

—

337

Total assets
$
25,968

$
74,572

$
—

$
(5,568
)
$
95,150

Percentage of total assets prior to netting
26
%
74
%
—
%
 
 


76 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2019
Total carrying
value

(dollars in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Netting (a)

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments
$
1,173

$
212

$
—

$
—

$
1,385

Equity instruments
96

—

—

—

96

Derivative liabilities not designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
25

3,600

—

(2,637
)
988

Foreign exchange
—

3,952

—

(2,660
)
1,292

Equity and other contracts
3

4

—

—

7

Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging
28

7,556

—

(5,297
)
2,287

Total trading liabilities
1,297

7,768

—

(5,297
)
3,768

Long-term debt (c)
—

383

—

—

383

Other liabilities – derivative liabilities designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
—

311

—

—

311

Foreign exchange
—

24

—

—

24

Total other liabilities – derivative liabilities designated as hedging
—

335

—

—

335

Subtotal liabilities of operations at fair value
1,297

8,486

—

(5,297
)
4,486

Percentage of liabilities of operations prior to netting
13
%
87
%
—
%
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated investment management funds
1

5

—

—

6

Total liabilities
$
1,298

$
8,491

$
—

$
(5,297
)
$
4,492

Percentage of total liabilities prior to netting
13
%
87
%
—
%
 
 
(a)
ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, permits the netting of derivative receivables and derivative payables under legally enforceable master netting agreements and permits the netting of cash collateral. Netting is applicable to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in trading assets or trading liabilities and derivatives designated as hedging instruments included in other assets or other liabilities. Netting is allocated to the derivative products based on the net fair value of each product.
(b)
Includes $753 million in Level 2 that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(c)
Includes certain interests in securitizations.
(d)
Includes seed capital, private equity investments and other assets.


BNY Mellon 77
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at Dec. 31, 2018
Total carrying
value

(dollars in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Netting (a)

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
—

$
25,308

$
—

$
—

$
25,308

U.S. Treasury
20,076

—

—

—

20,076

Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
6,613

4,137

—

—

10,750

Agency commercial MBS
—

9,691

—

—

9,691

CLOs
—

3,364

—

—

3,364

Supranational
—

2,984

—

—

2,984

Foreign covered bonds
—

2,878

—

—

2,878

State and political subdivisions
—

2,247

—

—

2,247

Other ABS
—

1,773

—

—

1,773

U.S. government agencies
—

1,657

—

—

1,657

Non-agency commercial MBS
—

1,464

—

—

1,464

Non-agency RMBS (b)
—

1,325

—

—

1,325

Corporate bonds
—

1,054

—

—

1,054

Other debt securities
—

1,238

—

—

1,238

Total available-for-sale securities
26,689

59,120

—

—

85,809

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments
801

2,594

—

—

3,395

Equity instruments (c)
1,114

—

—

—

1,114

Derivative assets not designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
7

3,583

—

(2,202
)
1,388

Foreign exchange
—

4,807

—

(3,724
)
1,083

Equity and other contracts
9

59

—

(13
)
55

Total derivative assets not designated as hedging
16

8,449

—

(5,939
)
2,526

Total trading assets
1,931

11,043

—

(5,939
)
7,035

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
—

23

—

—

23

Foreign exchange
—

266

—

—

266

Total derivative assets designated as hedging
—

289

—

—

289

Other assets (d)
68

170

—

—

238

Assets measured at NAV (d)
 
 
 
 
215

Subtotal assets of operations at fair value
28,688

70,622

—

(5,939
)
93,586

Percentage of assets of operations prior to netting
29
%
71
%
—
%
 
 
Assets of consolidated investment management funds
210

253

—

—

463

Total assets
$
28,898

$
70,875

$
—

$
(5,939
)
$
94,049

Percentage of total assets prior to netting
29
%
71
%
—
%
 
 




78 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at Dec. 31, 2018
Total carrying
value

(dollars in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Netting (a)

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments
$
1,006

$
118

$
—

$
—

$
1,124

Equity instruments
75

—

—

—

75

Derivative liabilities not designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
12

3,104

—

(2,508
)
608

Foreign exchange
—

5,215

—

(3,626
)
1,589

Equity and other contracts
1

118

—

(36
)
83

Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging
13

8,437

—

(6,170
)
2,280

Total trading liabilities
1,094

8,555

—

(6,170
)
3,479

Long-term debt (c)
—

371

—

—

371

Other liabilities – derivative liabilities designated as hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
—

74

—

—

74

Foreign exchange
—

14

—

—

14

Total other liabilities – derivative liabilities designated as hedging
—

88

—

—

88

Subtotal liabilities of operations at fair value
1,094

9,014

—

(6,170
)
3,938

Percentage of liabilities of operations prior to netting
11
%
89
%
—
%
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated investment management funds
2

—

—

—

2

Total liabilities
$
1,096

$
9,014

$
—

$
(6,170
)
$
3,940

Percentage of total liabilities prior to netting
11
%
89
%
—
%
 
 
(a)
ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, permits the netting of derivative receivables and derivative payables under legally enforceable master netting agreements and permits the netting of cash collateral. Netting is applicable to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in trading assets or trading liabilities and derivatives designated as hedging instruments included in other assets or other liabilities. Netting is allocated to the derivative products based on the net fair value of each product.
(b)
Includes $832 million in Level 2 that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(c)
Includes certain interests in securitizations.
(d)
Includes seed capital, private equity investments and other assets.



BNY Mellon 79
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Details of certain available-for-sale securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
Total
carrying
value

 
Ratings (a)
 
Total
carrying value

 
Ratings (a)
AAA/
AA-

A+/
A-

BBB+/
BBB-

BB+ and
lower

 
AAA/
AA-

A+/
A-

BBB+/
BBB-

BB+ and
lower

(dollars in millions)
(b)
(b)
Non-agency RMBS (c), originated in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007-2019
$
311

 
23
%
2
%
3
%
72
%
 
$
315

 
15
%
2
%
3
%
80
%
2006
330

 
—

19

1

80

 
363

 
—

19

—

81

2005
356

 
8

1

8

83

 
396

 
9

1

7

83

2004 and earlier
224

 
16

23

11

50

 
251

 
16

24

11

49

Total non-agency RMBS
$
1,221

 
11
%
10
%
5
%
74
%
 
$
1,325

 
9
%
11
%
5
%
75
%
Non-agency commercial MBS originated in 2009-2019
$
2,005

 
98
%
2
%
—
%
—
%
 
$
1,464

 
96
%
4
%
—
%
—
%
Foreign covered bonds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
$
1,639

 
100
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
 
$
1,524

 
100
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
United Kingdom
798

 
100

—

—

—

 
529

 
100

—

—

—

Australia
414

 
100

—

—

—

 
333

 
100

—

—

—

Sweden
274

 
100

—

—

—

 
187

 
100

—

—

—

Other
273

 
100

—

—

—

 
305

 
100

—

—

—

Total foreign covered bonds
$
3,398

 
100
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
 
$
2,878

 
100
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United Kingdom
$
3,133

 
100
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
 
$
2,153

 
100
%
—
%
—
%
—
%
Germany
2,198

 
100

—

—

—

 
1,826

 
100

—

—

—

France
1,424

 
100

—

—

—

 
1,548

 
100

—

—

—

Spain
1,309

 
—

2

98

—

 
1,365

 
—

—

100

—

Italy
1,302

 
—

—

100

—

 
939

 
—

—

100

—

Netherlands
811

 
100

—

—

—

 
875

 
100

—

—

—

Hong Kong
504

 
100

—

—

—

 
450

 
100

—

—

—

Canada
485

 
100

—

—

—

 
378

 
100

—

—

—

Singapore
443

 
100

—

—

—

 
165

 
100

—

—

—

Ireland
368

 
—

100

—

—

 
625

 
—

100

—

—

Other (d)
365

 
68

1

—

31

 
426

 
75

—

—

25

Total sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
$
12,342

 
75
%
3
%
21
%
1
%
 
$
10,750

 
72
%
6
%
21
%
1
%

(a)
Represents ratings by S&P or the equivalent.
(b)
At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed securities were included in Level 1 and Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy. All other assets in the table are Level 2 assets in the valuation hierarchy.
(c)
Includes $753 million at June 30, 2019 and $832 million at Dec. 31, 2018 that were included in the former Grantor Trust.
(d)
Includes non-investment grade sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed securities related to Brazil of $113 million at June 30, 2019 and $107 million at Dec. 31, 2018.


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Under certain circumstances, we make adjustments to the fair value of our assets, liabilities and unfunded lending-related commitments although they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. Examples would be the recording of an impairment of an asset and non-readily marketable equity securities
 
carried at cost with upward or downward adjustments.

The following table presents the financial instruments carried on the consolidated balance sheet by caption and level in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, for which a nonrecurring change in fair value has been recorded in the respective year.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
 
 
Total carrying
value

 
 
 
 
Total carrying
value

(in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

 
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Loans (a)
$
—

$
58

$
4

$
62

 
$
—

$
64

$
4

$
68

Other assets (b)
—

63

—

63

 
—

57

—

57

Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—

$
121

$
4

$
125

 
$
—

$
121

$
4

$
125

 
(a)
The fair value of these loans decreased less than $1 million in the quarters ended June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, as required by guidance in ASC 310, Receivables, with an offset to the allowance for credit losses.
(b)
Includes non-readily marketable equity securities carried at cost with upward or downward adjustments and other assets received in satisfaction of debt.



80 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Estimated fair value of financial instruments

The following tables present the estimated fair value and the carrying amount of financial instruments not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, by caption on the consolidated balance sheet and by the valuation hierarchy.

Summary of financial instruments
June 30, 2019
(in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total
estimated
fair value

Carrying
amount

Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$
—

$
69,700

$
—

$
69,700

$
69,700

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
—

15,515

—

15,515

15,491

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
—

61,201

—

61,201

61,201

Securities held-to-maturity
5,344

29,351

—

34,695

34,549

Loans (a)
—

51,425

—

51,425

51,025

Other financial assets
5,556

1,316

—

6,872

6,872

Total
$
10,900

$
228,508

$
—

$
239,408

$
238,838

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$
—

$
58,255

$
—

$
58,255

$
58,255

Interest-bearing deposits
—

193,698

—

193,698

194,622

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements
—

11,757

—

11,757

11,757

Payables to customers and broker-dealers
—

18,946

—

18,946

18,946

Commercial paper
—

8,894

—

8,894

8,894

Borrowings
—

2,283

—

2,283

2,283

Long-term debt
—

28,365

—

28,365

27,820

Total
$
—

$
322,198

$
—

$
322,198

$
322,577

(a)
Does not include the leasing portfolio.


Summary of financial instruments
Dec. 31, 2018
(in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total estimated
fair value

Carrying
amount

Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$
—

$
67,988

$
—

$
67,988

$
67,988

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
—

14,168

—

14,168

14,148

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
—

46,795

—

46,795

46,795

Securities held-to-maturity
5,512

27,790

—

33,302

33,982

Loans (a)
—

55,142

—

55,142

55,161

Other financial assets
5,864

1,383

—

7,247

7,247

Total
$
11,376

$
213,266

$
—

$
224,642

$
225,321

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$
—

$
70,783

$
—

$
70,783

$
70,783

Interest-bearing deposits
—

165,914

—

165,914

167,995

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements
—

14,243

—

14,243

14,243

Payables to customers and broker-dealers
—

19,731

—

19,731

19,731

Commercial paper
—

1,939

—

1,939

1,939

Borrowings
—

3,584

—

3,584

3,584

Long-term debt
—

28,347

—

28,347

28,792

Total
$
—

$
304,541

$
—

$
304,541

$
307,067


(a)
Does not include the leasing portfolio.




BNY Mellon 81
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

The table below summarizes the carrying amount of the hedged financial instruments, the notional amount of the hedge and the unrealized gain (loss) (estimated fair value) of the derivatives.

Hedged financial instruments
Carrying
amount

Notional amount of hedge

 
 
 
Unrealized (a)
(in millions)
Gain

(Loss)

June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale (b)
$
18,347

$
18,283

$
—

$
(311
)
Long-term debt
15,344

15,050

—

—

Dec. 31, 2018
 
Securities available-for-sale (b)
$
19,349

$
19,437

$
24

$
(74
)
Long-term debt
16,147

16,600

—

—


(a)
Unrealized gain/loss amounts reflect the fact that certain of the derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties where cash collateral received and paid is deemed a settlement of the derivative.
(b)
Includes foreign exchange fair value hedges with carrying values of $145 million and $148 million, notional amounts of $145 million and $147 million and an unrealized gain of less than $1 million and $1 million at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, respectively.


Note 17–Fair value option

We elected fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial assets and liabilities. The following table presents the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value.

Assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value
 
 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
Assets of consolidated investment management funds:
 
 
Trading assets
$
314

$
243

Other assets
23

220

Total assets of consolidated investment management funds
$
337

$
463

Liabilities of consolidated investment management funds:
 
 
Other liabilities
$
6

$
2

Total liabilities of consolidated investment management funds
$
6

$
2




BNY Mellon values the assets and liabilities of its consolidated investment management funds using quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets or observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities. Quoted prices for either identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets may also be used. Accordingly, fair value best reflects the interests BNY Mellon holds in the economic performance of the consolidated investment management funds. Changes in the value of the assets and liabilities are recorded in the consolidated income statement as investment income of consolidated investment management funds and in the interest of investment management fund note holders, respectively.
 
We have elected the fair value option on $240 million of long-term debt. The fair value of this long-term debt was $383 million at June 30, 2019 and $371 million at Dec. 31, 2018. The long-term debt is valued using observable market inputs and is included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

The following table presents the changes in fair value of long-term debt recorded in foreign exchange and other trading revenue in the consolidated income statement.

Foreign exchange and other trading revenue (a)
(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Long-term debt
$
(7
)
$
(5
)
$
—

$
(12
)
$
4


(a)
The changes in fair value are approximately offset by an economic hedge included in foreign exchange and other trading revenue.


Note 18–Derivative instruments

We use derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, including interest rate risk, equity price risk and foreign currency risk, as well as credit risk. Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers and facilitating customer trades in compliance with the Volcker Rule.

The notional amounts for derivative financial instruments express the dollar volume of the transactions; however, credit risk is much smaller. We perform credit reviews and enter into netting agreements and collateral arrangements to minimize the credit risk of derivative financial instruments. We enter into offsetting positions to reduce exposure to foreign currency, interest rate and equity price risk.


82 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Use of derivative financial instruments involves reliance on counterparties. Failure of a counterparty to honor its obligation under a derivative contract is a risk we assume whenever we engage in a derivative contract. There were no counterparty default losses recorded in the second quarter of 2019.

Hedging derivatives

We utilize interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. We enter into fair value hedges as an interest rate risk management strategy to reduce fair value variability by converting certain fixed rate interest payments associated with available-for-sale securities and long-term debt to LIBOR. We also utilize interest rate swaps and forward exchange contracts as cash flow hedges to manage our exposure to interest and foreign exchange rate changes.

The available-for-sale securities hedged consist of U.S. Treasury bonds, agency and non-agency commercial MBS, sovereign debt, corporate bonds and covered bonds that had original maturities of 30 years or less at initial purchase. At June 30, 2019, $18.1 billion face amount of available-for-sale securities were hedged with interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges that had notional values of $18.1 billion.

The fixed rate long-term debt instruments hedged generally have original maturities of five to 30 years. In fair value hedging relationships, debt is hedged with “receive fixed rate, pay variable rate” swaps. At June 30, 2019, $14.1 billion par value of debt was hedged with interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges that had notional values of $14.1 billion. In addition, at June 30, 2019, the Company utilized interest rate swaps with notional values of $1.0 billion as cash flow hedges to convert floating rate long-term debt with a par value of $1.0 billion to a fixed interest rate. A pre-tax loss of $2 million was recognized in OCI related to the cash flow hedges at June 30, 2019 and will be reclassified to earnings over the next 12 months.

In addition, we utilize forward foreign exchange contracts as hedges to mitigate foreign exchange exposures. We use forward foreign exchange contracts as cash flow hedges to convert certain forecasted non-U.S. dollar revenue and expenses into U.S. dollars. We use forward foreign exchange
 
contracts with maturities of 12 months or less as cash flow hedges to hedge our foreign exchange exposure to Indian rupee, British pound, Hong Kong dollar, Singapore dollar and Polish zloty revenue and expense transactions in entities that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. As of June 30, 2019, the hedged forecasted foreign currency transactions and designated forward foreign exchange contract hedges were $272 million (notional), with a pre-tax gain of $8 million recorded in accumulated OCI. This gain will be reclassified to earnings over the next 12 months.

We also utilize forward foreign exchange contracts as fair value hedges of the foreign exchange risk associated with available-for-sale securities. Forward points are designated as an excluded component and amortized into earnings over the hedge period. The unamortized derivative value associated with the excluded component is recognized in accumulated OCI. At June 30, 2019, $145 million face amount of available-for-sale securities were hedged with foreign currency forward contracts that had a notional value of $145 million.

Forward foreign exchange contracts are also used to hedge the value of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries. These forward foreign exchange contracts have maturities of less than one year. The derivatives employed are designated as hedges of changes in value of our foreign investments due to exchange rates. Changes in the value of the forward foreign exchange contracts offset the changes in value of the foreign investments due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The change in fair market value of these forward foreign exchange contracts is reported within foreign currency translation adjustments in shareholders’ equity, net of tax. At June 30, 2019, forward foreign exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling $7.3 billion were designated as net investment hedges.

In addition to forward foreign exchange contracts, we also designate non-derivative financial instruments as hedges of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries. Those non-derivative financial instruments designated as hedges of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries were all long-term liabilities of BNY Mellon in various currencies, and, at June 30, 2019, had a combined U.S. dollar equivalent value of $174 million.



BNY Mellon 83
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

The following table presents the gains (losses) related to our hedging derivative portfolio recognized in the consolidated income statement.

Income statement impact of fair value and cash flow hedges
 
 
 
(in millions)
Location of
gains (losses)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Interest rate fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative
Interest revenue
$
(486
)
$
(383
)
$
136

$
(869
)
$
533

Hedged item
Interest revenue
480

376

(133
)
856

(516
)
Interest rate fair value hedges of long-term debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative
Interest expense
300

185

(131
)
485

(509
)
Hedged item
Interest expense
(298
)
(184
)
129

(482
)
506

Foreign exchange fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative (a)
Other revenue
(5
)
6

—

1

—

Hedged item
Other revenue
5

(5
)
—

—

—

Cash flow hedges of forecasted FX exposures
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) gain reclassified from OCI into income
Other revenue
—

—

(1
)
—

3

(Loss) gain reclassified from OCI into income
Staff expense
—

(1
)
2

(1
)
8

(Loss) gain recognized in the consolidated income statement due to fair value and cash flow hedging relationships (b)
 
$
(4
)
$
(6
)
$
2

$
(10
)
$
25


(a)
Includes a de minimis gain in the second quarter of 2019 and a gain of $1 million in the first quarter of 2019 and first six months of 2019 associated with the amortization of the excluded component. At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, the remaining accumulated OCI balance associated with the excluded component was de minimis.
(b)
Includes a (loss) on cash flow hedges of long-term debt of less than $(1) million in the second quarter of 2019, first quarter of 2019 and first six months of 2019.


The following table presents the impact of hedging derivatives used in net investment hedging relationships in the consolidated income statement.

Impact of derivative instruments used in net investment hedging relationships in the income statement
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Gain or (loss) recognized in accumulated OCI on derivatives
 
 
Gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships
 
Location of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

 
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

FX contracts
$
76

$
(6
)
$
429

$
70

$
271

 
Net interest revenue
$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—




The following table presents information on the hedged items in fair value hedging relationships.

Hedged items in fair value hedging relationships
Carrying amount of hedged asset or liability
 
Hedge accounting basis adjustment increase (decrease) (a)
 
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Available-for-sale securities (b)
$
18,202

$
19,201

 
$
692

$
(125
)
Long-term debt
$
14,344

$
16,147

 
$
72

$
(453
)
(a)
Includes $38 million and $- million of basis adjustment decreases on discontinued hedges associated with available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, respectively, and $242 million and $284 million of basis adjustment decreases on discontinued hedges associated with long-term debt at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, respectively.
(b)
Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as the basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the consolidated income statement in future periods. The carrying amount excluded for available-for-sale securities was $145 million at June 30, 2019 and $148 million at Dec. 31, 2018.




84 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

The following table summarizes the notional amount and credit exposure of our total derivative portfolio at June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018.

Impact of derivative instruments on the balance sheet
Notional value
 
Asset derivatives
fair value
 
Liability derivatives
fair value
 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
 
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: (a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
33,188

$
35,890

 
$
—

$
23

 
$
311

$
74

Foreign exchange contracts
7,693

6,330

 
156

266

 
24

14

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
$
156

$
289

 
$
335

$
88

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: (b)(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
302,029

$
248,534

 
$
4,268

$
3,590

 
$
3,625

$
3,116

Foreign exchange contracts
850,236

831,730

 
4,083

4,807

 
3,952

5,215

Equity contracts
1,573

927

 
46

68

 
4

118

Credit contracts
165

150

 
—

—

 
3

1

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
$
8,397

$
8,465

 
$
7,584

$
8,450

Total derivatives fair value (d)
 
 
 
$
8,553

$
8,754

 
$
7,919

$
8,538

Effect of master netting agreements (e)
 
 
 
(5,568
)
(5,939
)
 
(5,297
)
(6,170
)
Fair value after effect of master netting agreements
 
 
 
$
2,985

$
2,815

 
$
2,622

$
2,368


(a)
The fair value of asset derivatives and liability derivatives designated as hedging instruments is recorded as other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.
(b)
For derivative transactions settled at clearing organizations, cash collateral exchanged is deemed a settlement of the derivative each day. The settlement reduces the gross fair value of derivative assets and liabilities and a corresponding decrease in the effect of master netting agreements, with no impact to the consolidated balance sheet.
(c)
The fair value of asset derivatives and liability derivatives not designated as hedging instruments is recorded as trading assets and trading liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.
(d)
Fair values are on a gross basis, before consideration of master netting agreements, as required by ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.
(e)
Effect of master netting agreements includes cash collateral received and paid of $836 million and $565 million, respectively, at June 30, 2019, and $809 million and $1,040 million, respectively, at Dec. 31, 2018.


Trading activities (including trading derivatives)

Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers, facilitating customer trades and risk mitigating economic hedging in compliance with the Volcker Rule. The change in the fair value of the derivatives utilized in our trading activities is recorded in foreign exchange and other trading revenue on the consolidated income statement.

The following table presents our foreign exchange and other trading revenue.

Foreign exchange and other trading revenue
 
 
(in millions)
2Q19

1Q19

2Q18

YTD19

YTD18

Foreign exchange
$
150

$
160

$
171

$
310

$
354

Other trading revenue
16

10

16

26

42

Total foreign exchange and other trading revenue
$
166

$
170

$
187

$
336

$
396




Foreign exchange revenue includes income from purchasing and selling foreign currencies and currency forwards, futures and options. Other trading
 
revenue reflects results from trading in cash instruments including fixed income and equity securities and non-foreign exchange derivatives.

We also use derivative financial instruments as risk mitigating economic hedges, which are not formally designated as accounting hedges. This includes hedging the foreign currency, interest rate or market risks inherent in some of our balance sheet exposures, such as seed capital investments and deposits, as well as certain investment management fee revenue streams. We also use total return swaps to economically hedge obligations arising from the Company’s deferred compensation plan whereby the participants defer compensation and earn a return linked to the performance of investments they select. The gains or losses on these total return swaps are recorded in staff expense on the consolidated income statement and were a gain of $5 million in the second quarter of 2019, $2 million in the second quarter of 2018, $18 million in the first quarter of 2019, $23 million in the first six months of 2019 and a loss of $1 million in the first six months of 2018.

We manage trading risk through a system of position limits, a VaR methodology based on historical


BNY Mellon 85
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

simulation and other market sensitivity measures. Risk is monitored and reported to senior management by a separate unit, independent from trading, on a daily basis. Based on certain assumptions, the VaR methodology is designed to capture the potential overnight pre-tax dollar loss from adverse changes in fair values of all trading positions. The calculation assumes a one-day holding period, utilizes a 99% confidence level and incorporates non-linear product characteristics. The VaR model is one of several statistical models used to develop economic capital results, which are allocated to lines of business for computing risk-adjusted performance.

VaR methodology does not evaluate risk attributable to extraordinary financial, economic or other occurrences. As a result, the risk assessment process includes a number of stress scenarios based upon the risk factors in the portfolio and management’s assessment of market conditions. Additional stress scenarios based upon historical market events are also performed. Stress tests may incorporate the impact of reduced market liquidity and the breakdown of historically observed correlations and extreme scenarios. VaR and other statistical measures, stress testing and sensitivity analysis are incorporated in other risk management materials.

Counterparty credit risk and collateral

We assess credit risk of our counterparties through regular examination of their financial statements, confidential communication with the management of those counterparties and regular monitoring of publicly available credit rating information. This and other information is used to develop proprietary credit rating metrics used to assess credit quality.

Collateral requirements are determined after a comprehensive review of the credit quality of each counterparty. Collateral is generally held or pledged in the form of cash and/or highly liquid government securities. Collateral requirements are monitored and adjusted daily.

Additional disclosures concerning derivative financial instruments are provided in Note 16.

Disclosure of contingent features in OTC derivative instruments

Certain OTC derivative contracts and/or collateral agreements contain credit-risk contingent features triggered upon a rating downgrade in which the
 
counterparty has the right to request additional collateral or the right to terminate the contracts in a net liability position.

The following table shows the aggregate fair value of OTC derivative contracts in net liability positions that contained credit-risk contingent features and the value of collateral that has been posted.

 
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
Aggregate fair value of OTC derivatives in net liability positions (a)
$
3,296

$
2,877

Collateral posted
$
3,443

$
2,801

(a)
Before consideration of cash collateral.


The aggregate fair value of OTC derivative contracts containing credit-risk contingent features can fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to changes in market conditions, composition of counterparty trades, new business or changes to the contingent features.

The Bank of New York Mellon, our largest banking subsidiary, enters into the substantial majority of our OTC derivative contracts and/or collateral agreements. As such, the contingent features may be triggered if The Bank of New York Mellon’s long-term issuer rating was downgraded.

The following table shows the fair value of contracts falling under early termination provisions that were in net liability positions for three key ratings triggers.

Potential close-out exposures (fair value) (a)
 
(in millions)
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

If The Bank of New York Mellon’s rating changed to: (b)
 
 
A3/A-
$
8

$
15

Baa2/BBB
$
358

$
116

Ba1/BB+
$
1,493

$
1,041

(a)
The amounts represent potential total close-out values if The Bank of New York Mellon’s long-term issuer rating were to immediately drop to the indicated levels, and do not reflect collateral posted.
(b)
Represents rating by Moody’s/S&P.


If The Bank of New York Mellon’s debt rating had fallen below investment grade on June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, existing collateral arrangements would have required us to post additional collateral of $66 million and $100 million, respectively.


86 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Offsetting assets and liabilities

The following tables present derivative instruments and financial instruments that are either subject to an enforceable netting agreement or offset by collateral arrangements. There were no derivative instruments or financial instruments subject to a legally enforceable netting agreement for which we are not currently netting.

Offsetting of derivative assets and financial assets at June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Gross assets recognized

Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet

 
Net assets recognized in the balance sheet

Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
 
(in millions)
(a)
Financial instruments

Cash collateral received

Net amount

Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
2,963

$
2,347

 
$
616

$
181

$
—

$
435

Foreign exchange contracts
3,729

3,213

 
516

10

—

506

Equity and other contracts
33

8

 
25

—

—

25

Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
6,725

5,568

 
1,157

191

—

966

Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
1,828

—

 
1,828

—

—

1,828

Total derivatives
8,553

5,568

 
2,985

191

—

2,794

Reverse repurchase agreements
127,691

78,433

(b)
49,258

49,245

—

13

Securities borrowing
11,943

—

 
11,943

11,618

—

325

Total
$
148,187

$
84,001

 
$
64,186

$
61,054

$
—

$
3,132

(a)
Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral received. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)
Offsetting of reverse repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.


Offsetting of derivative assets and financial assets at Dec. 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Gross assets recognized

Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet

 
Net assets recognized
in the
balance sheet

Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
 
(in millions)
(a)
Financial instruments

Cash collateral received

Net amount

Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
2,654

$
2,202

 
$
452

$
133

$
—

$
319

Foreign exchange contracts
4,409

3,724

 
685

70

—

615

Equity and other contracts
38

13

 
25

—

—

25

Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
7,101

5,939

 
1,162

203

—

959

Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
1,653

—

 
1,653

—

—

1,653

Total derivatives
8,754

5,939

 
2,815

203

—

2,612

Reverse repurchase agreements
112,245

76,040

(b)
36,205

36,205

—

—

Securities borrowing
10,588

—

 
10,588

10,286

—

302

Total
$
131,587

$
81,979

 
$
49,608

$
46,694

$
—

$
2,914


(a)
Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral received. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)
Offsetting of reverse repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.




BNY Mellon 87
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Offsetting of derivative liabilities and financial liabilities at June 30, 2019
Net liabilities recognized in the balance sheet

 
 
 
 
Gross liabilities recognized

Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet

 
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
 
(in millions)
(a)
Financial instruments

Cash collateral pledged

Net amount

Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
3,885

$
2,637

 
$
1,248

$
1,187

$
—

$
61

Foreign exchange contracts
3,475

2,660

 
815

139

—

676

Equity and other contracts
4

—

 
4

—

—

4

Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
7,364

5,297

 
2,067

1,326

—

741

Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
555

—

 
555

—

—

555

Total derivatives
7,919

5,297

 
2,622

1,326

—

1,296

Repurchase agreements
87,308

78,433

(b)
8,875

8,875

—

—

Securities lending
871

—

 
871

840

—

31

Total
$
96,098

$
83,730

 
$
12,368

$
11,041

$
—

$
1,327


(a)
Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral paid. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)
Offsetting of repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.


Offsetting of derivative liabilities and financial liabilities at Dec. 31, 2018
Net liabilities recognized
in the
balance sheet

 
 
 
 
Gross liabilities recognized

Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet

 
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
 
(in millions)
(a)
Financial instruments

Cash collateral pledged

Net amount

Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
3,144

$
2,508

 
$
636

$
547

$
—

$
89

Foreign exchange contracts
4,747

3,626

 
1,121

187

—

934

Equity and other contracts
75

36

 
39

37

—

2

Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
7,966

6,170

 
1,796

771

—

1,025

Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
572

—

 
572

—

—

572

Total derivatives
8,538

6,170

 
2,368

771

—

1,597

Repurchase agreements
84,665

76,040

(b)
8,625

8,625

—

—

Securities lending
997

—

 
997

937

—

60

Total
$
94,200

$
82,210

 
$
11,990

$
10,333

$
—

$
1,657

(a)
Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral paid. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)
Offsetting of repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.




88 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Secured borrowings

The following table presents the contract value of repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings by the type of collateral provided to counterparties.

Repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings
 
June 30, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
Remaining contractual maturity
Total

 
Remaining contractual maturity
Total

(in millions)
Overnight and continuous

Up to 30 days

30 days or more

 
Overnight and continuous

Up to 30 days

30 days or more

Repurchase agreements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury
$
80,367

$
—

$
—

$
80,367

 
$
76,822

$
—

$
—

$
76,822

U.S. government agencies
826

—

—

826

 
759

—

—

759

Agency RMBS
2,205

—

—

2,205

 
3,184

—

4

3,188

Corporate bonds
335

—

1,485

1,820

 
416

—

1,413

1,829

Other debt securities
284

—

931

1,215

 
271

—

1,106

1,377

Equity securities
241

—

634

875

 
163

—

527

690

Total
$
84,258

$
—

$
3,050

$
87,308

 
$
81,615

$
—

$
3,050

$
84,665

Securities lending:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
30

$
—

$
—

$
30

 
$
7

$
—

$
—

$
7

Other debt securities
200

—

—

200

 
294

—

—

294

Equity securities
641

—

—

641

 
696

—

—

696

Total
$
871

$
—

$
—

$
871

 
$
997

$
—

$
—

$
997

Total borrowings
$
85,129

$
—

$
3,050

$
88,179

 
$
82,612

$
—

$
3,050

$
85,662




BNY Mellon’s repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions primarily encounter risk associated with liquidity. We are required to pledge collateral based on predetermined terms within the agreements. If we were to experience a decline in the fair value of the collateral pledged for these transactions, we could be required to provide additional collateral to the counterparty, therefore decreasing the amount of assets available for other liquidity needs that may arise. BNY Mellon also offers tri-party collateral agency services in the tri-party repo market where we are exposed to credit risk. In order to mitigate this risk, we require dealers to fully secure intraday credit.

Note 19–Commitments and contingent liabilities

Off-balance sheet arrangements

In the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities are outstanding that are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Our significant trading and off-balance sheet risks are securities, foreign currency and interest rate risk management products, commercial lending
 
commitments, letters of credit and securities lending indemnifications. We assume these risks to reduce interest rate and foreign currency risks, to provide customers with the ability to meet credit and liquidity needs and to hedge foreign currency and interest rate risks. These items involve, to varying degrees, credit, foreign currency and interest rate risks not recognized on the balance sheet. Our off-balance sheet risks are managed and monitored in manners similar to those used for on-balance sheet risks.

The following table presents a summary of our off-balance sheet credit risks.

Off-balance sheet credit risks
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

(in millions)
Lending commitments
$
51,191

$
50,631

Standby letters of credit (a)
2,465

2,817

Commercial letters of credit
60

165

Securities lending indemnifications (b)(c)
406,180

401,504

(a)
Net of participations totaling $162 million at June 30, 2019 and $163 million at Dec. 31, 2018.
(b)
Excludes the indemnification for securities for which BNY Mellon acts as an agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $62 billion at June 30, 2019 and $56 billion at Dec. 31, 2018.
(c)
Includes cash collateral, invested in indemnified repurchase agreements, held by us as securities lending agent of $45 billion at June 30, 2019 and $35 billion at Dec. 31, 2018.




BNY Mellon 89
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

The total potential loss on undrawn lending commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit, and securities lending indemnifications is equal to the total notional amount if drawn upon, which does not consider the value of any collateral.

Since many of the lending commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. A summary of lending commitment maturities is as follows: $31.8 billion in less than one year, $18.9 billion in one to five years and $539 million over five years.

SBLCs principally support obligations of corporate clients and were collateralized with cash and securities of $219 million at June 30, 2019 and $223 million at Dec. 31, 2018. At June 30, 2019, $1.6 billion of the SBLCs will expire within one year and $831 million in one to five years.

We must recognize, at the inception of an SBLC and foreign and other guarantees, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The fair value of the liability, which was recorded with a corresponding asset in other assets, was estimated as the present value of contractual customer fees. The estimated liability for losses related to SBLCs and foreign and other guarantees, if any, is included in the allowance for lending-related commitments.

Payment/performance risk of SBLCs is monitored using both historical performance and internal ratings criteria. BNY Mellon’s historical experience is that SBLCs typically expire without being funded. SBLCs below investment grade are monitored closely for payment/performance risk. The table below shows SBLCs by investment grade:

Standby letters of credit
June 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

  
Investment grade
90
%
89
%
Non-investment grade
10
%
11
%



A commercial letter of credit is normally a short-term instrument used to finance a commercial contract for the shipment of goods from a seller to a buyer. Although the commercial letter of credit is contingent upon the satisfaction of specified conditions, it represents a credit exposure if the buyer defaults on the underlying transaction. As a result, the total
 
contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Commercial letters of credit totaled $60 million at June 30, 2019 and $165 million at Dec. 31, 2018.

We expect many of the lending commitments and letters of credit to expire without the need to advance any cash. The revenue associated with guarantees frequently depends on the credit rating of the obligor and the structure of the transaction, including collateral, if any. The allowance for lending-related commitments was $95 million at June 30, 2019 and $106 million at Dec. 31, 2018.

A securities lending transaction is a fully collateralized transaction in which the owner of a security agrees to lend the security (typically through an agent, in our case, The Bank of New York Mellon), to a borrower, usually a broker-dealer or bank, on an open, overnight or term basis, under the terms of a prearranged contract.

We typically lend securities with indemnification against borrower default. We generally require the borrower to provide collateral with a minimum value of 102% of the fair value of the securities borrowed, which is monitored on a daily basis, thus reducing credit risk. Market risk can also arise in securities lending transactions. These risks are controlled through policies limiting the level of risk that can be undertaken. Securities lending transactions are generally entered into only with highly rated counterparties. Securities lending indemnifications were secured by collateral of $425 billion at June 30, 2019 and $420 billion at Dec. 31, 2018.

CIBC Mellon, a joint venture between BNY Mellon and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (“CIBC”), engages in securities lending activities.  CIBC Mellon, BNY Mellon and CIBC jointly and severally indemnify securities lenders against specific types of borrower default. At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, $62 billion and $56 billion, respectively, of borrowings at CIBC Mellon, for which BNY Mellon acts as agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, were secured by collateral of $66 billion and $59 billion, respectively. If, upon a default, a borrower’s collateral was not sufficient to cover its related obligations, certain losses related to the indemnification could be covered by the indemnitors.



90 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Unsettled repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements

In the normal course of business, we enter into repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements that settle at a future date. In repurchase agreements, BNY Mellon receives cash from and provides securities as collateral to a counterparty at settlement. In reverse repurchase agreements, BNY Mellon advances cash to and receives securities as collateral from the counterparty at settlement. These transactions are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet on settlement date. At June 30, 2019, we had $275 million of unsettled repurchase agreements and $28.4 billion of unsettled reverse repurchase agreements which all settled the following day.

Industry concentrations

We have significant industry concentrations related to credit exposure at June 30, 2019. The tables below present our credit exposure in the financial institutions and commercial portfolios.

Financial institutions
portfolio exposure
(in billions)
June 30, 2019
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total exposure

Securities industry
$
2.5

$
24.3

$
26.8

Asset managers
1.4

6.7

8.1

Banks
6.5

1.0

7.5

Insurance
0.1

2.4

2.5

Government
0.1

0.3

0.4

Other
0.9

0.9

1.8

Total
$
11.5

$
35.6

$
47.1

 

Commercial portfolio
exposure
(in billions)
June 30, 2019
Loans

Unfunded
commitments

Total exposure

Manufacturing
$
0.7

$
4.7

$
5.4

Services and other
0.7

3.9

4.6

Energy and utilities
0.3

3.8

4.1

Media and telecom
—

1.2

1.2

Total
$
1.7

$
13.6

$
15.3




Major concentrations in securities lending are primarily to broker-dealers and are generally collateralized with cash and/or securities.

Exposure for certain administrative errors

In connection with certain offshore tax-exempt funds that we manage, we may be liable to the funds for certain administrative errors. The errors relate to the resident status of such funds, potentially exposing the
 
Company to a tax liability related to the funds’ earnings. The Company is in discussions with tax authorities regarding the funds. We believe we are appropriately accrued and the additional reasonably possible exposure is not significant.

Sponsored Member Repo Program

BNY Mellon is a sponsoring member in the FICC sponsored member program, where we submit eligible overnight repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in U.S. treasury securities (“Sponsored Member Transactions”) between BNY Mellon and our sponsored member clients for novation and clearing through FICC pursuant to the FICC Government Securities Division rulebook (the “FICC Rules”). We also guarantee to FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of our sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC Rules in connection with such clients’ Sponsored Member Transactions. We minimize our credit exposure under this guaranty by obtaining a security interest in our sponsored member clients’ collateral and rights under Sponsored Member Transactions. See “Offsetting assets and liabilities” in Note 18 for additional information on our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements.

Indemnification arrangements

We have provided standard representations for underwriting agreements, acquisition and divestiture agreements, sales of loans and commitments, and other similar types of arrangements and customary indemnification for claims and legal proceedings related to providing financial services that are not otherwise included above. Insurance has been purchased to mitigate certain of these risks. Generally, there are no stated or notional amounts included in these indemnifications and the contingencies triggering the obligation for indemnification are not expected to occur. Furthermore, often counterparties to these transactions provide us with comparable indemnifications. We are unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under these indemnifications for several reasons. In addition to the lack of a stated or notional amount in a majority of such indemnifications, we are unable to predict the nature of events that would trigger indemnification or the level of indemnification for a certain event. We believe, however, that the possibility that we will have to make any material payments for these


BNY Mellon 91
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

indemnifications is remote. At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, we have not recorded any material liabilities under these arrangements.

Clearing and settlement exchanges

We are a noncontrolling equity investor in, and/or member of, several industry clearing or settlement exchanges through which foreign exchange, securities, derivatives or other transactions settle. Certain of these industry clearing and settlement exchanges require their members to guarantee their obligations and liabilities and/or to provide liquidity support in the event other members do not honor their obligations. We believe the likelihood that a clearing or settlement exchange (of which we are a member) would become insolvent is remote. Additionally, certain settlement exchanges have implemented loss allocation policies that enable the exchange to allocate settlement losses to the members of the exchange. It is not possible to quantify such mark-to-market loss until the loss occurs. Any ancillary costs that occur as a result of any mark-to-market loss cannot be quantified. In addition, we also sponsor clients as members on clearing and settlement exchanges and guarantee their obligations. At June 30, 2019 and Dec. 31, 2018, we have not recorded any material liabilities under these arrangements.

Legal proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, BNY Mellon is routinely named as defendants in or made parties to pending and potential legal actions. We also are subject to governmental and regulatory examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal). Claims for significant monetary damages are often asserted in many of these legal actions, while claims for disgorgement, restitution, penalties and/or other remedial actions or sanctions may be sought in governmental and regulatory matters. It is inherently difficult to predict the eventual outcomes of such matters given their complexity and the particular facts and circumstances at issue in each of these matters. However, on the basis of our current knowledge and understanding, we do not believe that judgments, settlements or orders, if any, arising from these matters (either individually or in the aggregate, after giving effect to applicable reserves and insurance coverage) will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of BNY
 
Mellon, although they could have a material effect on our results of operations in a given period.

In view of the inherent unpredictability of outcomes in litigation and regulatory matters, particularly where (i) the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate, (ii) the proceedings are in the early stages, or (iii) the matters involve novel legal theories or a large number of parties, as a matter of course there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the timing or ultimate resolution of litigation and regulatory matters, including a possible eventual loss, fine, penalty or business impact, if any, associated with each such matter. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, BNY Mellon establishes accruals for litigation and regulatory matters when those matters proceed to a stage where they present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be a possible exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. BNY Mellon regularly monitors such matters for developments that could affect the amount of the accrual, and will adjust the accrual amount as appropriate. If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, BNY Mellon does not establish an accrual and the matter continues to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. BNY Mellon believes that its accruals for legal proceedings are appropriate and, in the aggregate, are not material to the consolidated financial position of BNY Mellon, although future accruals could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given period.

For certain of those matters described here for which a loss contingency may, in the future, be reasonably possible (whether in excess of a related accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability), BNY Mellon is currently unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss. For those matters described here where BNY Mellon is able to estimate a reasonably possible loss, the aggregate range of such reasonably possible loss is up to $930 million in excess of the accrued liability (if any) related to those matters.

The following describes certain judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings involving BNY Mellon:

Mortgage-Securitization Trusts Proceedings
The Bank of New York Mellon has been named as a defendant in a number of legal actions brought by


92 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

MBS investors alleging that the trustee has expansive duties under the governing agreements, including the duty to investigate and pursue breach of representation and warranty claims against other parties to the MBS transactions. These actions include a lawsuit brought in New York State court on June 18, 2014, and later re-filed in federal court, by a group of institutional investors who purport to sue on behalf of 233 MBS trusts.

Matters Related to R. Allen Stanford
In late December 2005, Pershing LLC (“Pershing”) became a clearing firm for Stanford Group Co. (“SGC”), a registered broker-dealer that was part of a group of entities ultimately controlled by R. Allen Stanford (“Stanford”). Stanford International Bank (“SIB”), also controlled by Stanford, issued certificates of deposit (“CDs”). Some investors allegedly wired funds from their SGC accounts to purchase CDs. In 2009, the SEC charged Stanford with operating a Ponzi scheme in connection with the sale of CDs, and SGC was placed into receivership. Alleged purchasers of CDs have filed 15 lawsuits against Pershing that are pending in Texas, including two putative class actions. The purchasers allege that Pershing, as SGC’s clearing firm, assisted Stanford in a fraudulent scheme and assert contractual, statutory and common law claims. On July 12, 2018, a federal district court dismissed six of the individual lawsuits and those cases are on appeal. On March 8, 2019, a group of investors filed a putative class action against The Bank of New York Mellon, making the same allegations as in the prior actions brought against Pershing. On March 21, 2019, the Texas federal court denied the motion for class certification in one of the putative class actions against Pershing. FINRA arbitration proceedings also have been initiated by alleged purchasers asserting similar claims.

Brazilian Postalis Litigation
BNY Mellon Servicos Financeiros DTVM S.A. (“DTVM”), a subsidiary that provides asset services in Brazil, acts as administrator for certain investment funds in which a public pension fund for postal workers called Postalis-Instituto de Seguridade Social dos Correios e Telégrafos (“Postalis”) invested. On Aug. 22, 2014, Postalis sued DTVM in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for losses related to a Postalis fund for which DTVM is administrator. Postalis alleges that DTVM failed to properly perform duties, including to conduct due diligence of and exert control over the manager. On March 12, 2015, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and BNY Mellon
 
Administração de Ativos Ltda. (“Ativos”) alleging failure to properly perform duties relating to another fund of which DTVM is administrator and Ativos is manager. On Dec. 14, 2015, Associacão dos Profissionais dos Correiros (“ADCAP”), a Brazilian postal workers association, filed a lawsuit in São Paulo against DTVM and other defendants alleging that DTVM improperly contributed to Postalis investment losses. On March 20, 2017, the lawsuit was dismissed without prejudice, and ADCAP has appealed that decision. On Dec. 17, 2015, Postalis filed three lawsuits in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and Ativos alleging failure to properly perform duties with respect to investments in several other funds. On Feb. 4, 2016, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Brasilia against DTVM, Ativos and BNY Mellon Alocação de Patrimônio Ltda., an investment management subsidiary, alleging failure to properly perform duties and liability for losses with respect to investments in various funds of which the defendants were administrator and/or manager. On Jan. 16, 2018, the Brazilian Federal Prosecution Service (“MPF”) filed a civil lawsuit in São Paulo against DTVM alleging liability for Postalis losses based on alleged failures to properly perform certain duties as administrator to certain funds in which Postalis invested or controller of Postalis’s own investment portfolio. On April 18, 2018, the court dismissed the lawsuit without prejudice, and the MPF has appealed that decision. In addition, the Tribunal de Contas da Uniao, an administrative tribunal, has initiated two proceedings with the purpose of determining liability for losses to two investment funds administered by DTVM in which Postalis was the exclusive investor.

Depositary Receipt Litigation
Between late December 2015 and February 2016, four putative class action lawsuits were filed against BNY Mellon asserting claims relating to BNY Mellon’s foreign exchange pricing when converting dividends and other distributions from non-U.S. companies in its role as depositary bank to Depositary Receipt issuers. The claims are for breach of contract and violations of ERISA. The lawsuits were consolidated in federal court in the Southern District of New York. The parties in the lawsuits entered into settlement agreements to resolve the suits, and the agreements have been approved by the court.

Brazilian Silverado Litigation
DTVM acts as administrator for the Fundo de Investimento em Direitos Creditórios Multisetorial Silverado Maximum (“Silverado Maximum Fund”),


BNY Mellon 93
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

which invests in commercial credit receivables. On June 2, 2016, the Silverado Maximum Fund sued DTVM in its capacity as administrator, along with Deutsche Bank S.A. - Banco Alemão in its capacity as custodian and Silverado Gestão e Investimentos Ltda. in its capacity as investment manager. The Fund alleges that each of the defendants failed to fulfill its respective duty, and caused losses to the Fund for which the defendants are jointly and severally liable.

German Tax Matters
German authorities are investigating past “cum/ex” trading, which involved the purchase of equity securities on or shortly before the dividend date, but settled after that date, potentially resulting in an unwarranted refund of withholding tax. German authorities have taken the view that past cum/ex trading may have resulted in tax avoidance or evasion. European subsidiaries of BNY Mellon have been informed by German authorities about investigations into potential cum/ex trading by certain third-party investment funds, where one of the subsidiaries had acquired entities that served as depositary and/or fund manager for those third-party investment funds. We have received preliminary information requests from the authorities relating to pre-acquisition activity and are cooperating fully with those requests. We have not received any tax demand concerning cum/ex trading. In addition, in June 2019, one of these subsidiaries received notice that the District Court of Bonn is considering whether to add the subsidiary as a secondary party in connection with the prosecution of unrelated third parties. We intend to contest the possible addition of the subsidiary to those proceedings, which are scheduled to commence in September. In connection with the acquisition of the subject entities, we obtained an indemnity for liabilities from the sellers that we intend to pursue as necessary.

Note 20–Lines of business

We have an internal information system that produces performance data along product and service lines for our two principal businesses and the Other segment. The primary products and services and types of revenue for our principal businesses and a description of the Other segment are presented in Note 23 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report.

 
Business accounting principles

Our business data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than the generally accepted accounting principles used for consolidated financial reporting. These measurement principles are designed so that reported results of the businesses will track their economic performance.

Business results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made. There were no significant organizational changes in the second quarter of 2019. The results are also subject to refinements in revenue and expense allocation methodologies, which are typically reflected on a prospective basis.

The accounting policies of the businesses are the same as those described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report.

The results of our businesses are presented and analyzed on an internal management reporting basis.

•
Revenue amounts reflect fee and other revenue generated by each business. Fee and other revenue transferred between businesses under revenue transfer agreements is included within other revenue in each business.
•
Revenues and expenses associated with specific client bases are included in those businesses. For example, foreign exchange activity associated with clients using custody products is included in Investment Services.
•
Net interest revenue is allocated to businesses based on the yields on the assets and liabilities generated by each business. We employ a funds transfer pricing system that matches funds with the specific assets and liabilities of each business based on their interest sensitivity and maturity characteristics.
•
The provision for credit losses associated with the respective credit portfolios is reflected in each business segment.
•
Incentives expense related to restricted stock is allocated to the businesses.
•
Support and other indirect expenses are allocated to businesses based on internally developed methodologies.


94 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

•
Recurring FDIC expense is allocated to the businesses based on average deposits generated within each business.
•
Litigation expense is generally recorded in the business in which the charge occurs.
•
Management of the securities portfolio is a shared service contained in the Other segment. As a result, gains and losses associated with the valuation of the securities portfolio are included in the Other segment.
•
Client deposits serve as the primary funding source for our securities portfolio. We typically
 
allocate all interest revenue to the businesses generating the deposits. Accordingly, accretion related to the portion of the securities portfolio restructured in 2009 has been included in the results of the businesses.
•
Balance sheet assets and liabilities and their related income or expense are specifically assigned to each business. Businesses with a net liability position have been allocated assets.
•
Goodwill and intangible assets are reflected within individual businesses.

The following consolidating schedules present the contribution of our businesses to our overall profitability.

For the quarter ended June 30, 2019
Investment
Services

 
Investment
Management

 
Other

 
Consolidated

 
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue
$
2,227

 
$
850

(a)
$
41

 
$
3,118

(a) 
Net interest revenue (expense)
775

 
67

 
(40
)
 
802

 
Total revenue
3,002

 
917

(a)
1

 
3,920

(a) 
Provision for credit losses
(4
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
 
(8
)
 
Noninterest expense
1,954

 
654

 
39

 
2,647

 
Income (loss) before taxes
$
1,052

 
$
265

(a)
$
(36
)
 
$
1,281

(a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
35
%
 
29
%
 
N/M

 
33
%
 
Average assets
$
264,639

 
$
30,709

 
$
47,036

 
$
342,384

 
(a)
Both total fee and other revenue and total revenue include net income from consolidated investment management funds of $6 million, representing $10 million of income and noncontrolling interests of $4 million. Income before taxes is net of noncontrolling interests of $4 million.
(b)
Income before taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M - Not meaningful.


For the quarter ended March 31, 2019
Investment
Services

 
Investment
Management

 
Other

 
Consolidated

 
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue
$
2,154

 
$
864

(a)
$
30

 
$
3,048

(a)
Net interest revenue (expense)
796

 
75

 
(30
)
 
841

 
Total revenue
2,950

 
939

(a)
—

 
3,889

(a)
Provision for credit losses
8

 
1

 
(2
)
 
7

 
Noninterest expense
1,969

 
669

 
61

 
2,699

 
Income (loss) before taxes
$
973

 
$
269

(a)
$
(59
)
 
$
1,183

(a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
33
%
 
29
%
 
N/M

 
31
%
 
Average assets
$
255,891

 
$
31,857

 
$
48,417

 
$
336,165

 
(a)
Both total fee and other revenue and total revenue include net income from consolidated investment management funds of $16 million, representing $26 million of income and noncontrolling interests of $10 million. Income before taxes is net of noncontrolling interests of $10 million.
(b)
Income before taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M - Not meaningful.




BNY Mellon 95
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

For the quarter ended June 30, 2018
Investment
Services

 
Investment
Management

 
Other

 
Consolidated

 
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue
$
2,233

 
$
941

(a)
$
41

 
$
3,215

(a)
Net interest revenue (expense)
874

 
77

 
(35
)
 
916

 
Total revenue
3,107

 
1,018

(a)
6

 
4,131

(a)
Provision for credit losses
1

 
2

 
(6
)
 
(3
)
 
Noninterest expense
1,967

 
697

 
81

 
2,745

(b)
Income (loss) before taxes
$
1,139

 
$
319

(a)
$
(69
)
 
$
1,389

(a)(b)
Pre-tax operating margin (c)
37
%
 
31
%
 
N/M

 
34
%
 
Average assets
$
264,387

 
$
31,504

 
$
50,437

 
$
346,328

 
(a)
Both total fee and other revenue and total revenue include net income from consolidated investment management funds of $5 million, representing $12 million of income and noncontrolling interests of $7 million. Income before taxes is net of noncontrolling interests of $7 million.
(b)
Noninterest expense includes a loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of $2 million related to other consolidated subsidiaries.
(c)
Income before taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M - Not meaningful.


For the six months ended June 30, 2019
Investment
Services

 
Investment
Management

 
Other

 
Consolidated

 
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue
$
4,381

 
$
1,714

(a)
$
71

 
$
6,166

(a) 
Net interest revenue (expense)
1,571

 
142

 
(70
)
 
1,643

 
Total revenue
5,952

 
1,856

(a)
1

 
7,809

(a) 
Provision for credit losses
4

 
(1
)
 
(4
)
 
(1
)
 
Noninterest expense
3,923

 
1,323

 
100

 
5,346

 
Income (loss) before taxes
$
2,025

 
$
534

(a)
$
(95
)
 
$
2,464

(a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
34
%
 
29
%
 
N/M

 
32
%
 
Average assets
$
260,290

 
$
30,926

 
$
48,076

 
$
339,292

 
(a)
Both total fee and other revenue and total revenue include net income from consolidated investment management funds of $22 million, representing $36 million of income and noncontrolling interests of $14 million. Income before taxes is net of noncontrolling interests of $14 million.
(b)
Income before taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M - Not meaningful.


For the six months ended June 30, 2018
Investment
Services

 
Investment
Management

 
Other

 
Consolidated

 
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue
$
4,483

 
$
1,953

(a)
$
49

 
$
6,485

(a)
Net interest revenue (expense)
1,718

 
153

 
(36
)
 
1,835

 
Total revenue
6,201

 
2,106

(a)
13

 
8,320

(a)
Provision for credit losses
(6
)
 
4

 
(6
)
 
(8
)
 
Noninterest expense
3,916

 
1,402

 
168

 
5,486

 
Income (loss) before taxes
$
2,291

 
$
700

(a)
$
(149
)
 
$
2,842

(a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
37
%
 
33
%
 
N/M

 
34
%
 
Average assets
$
271,203

 
$
31,732

 
$
49,284

 
$
352,219

 
(a)
Both total fee and other revenue and total revenue include net income from consolidated investment management funds of $5 million, representing $1 million of income and a loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of $4 million. Income before taxes is net of a loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of $4 million.
(b)
Income before taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M - Not meaningful.




96 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
 

Note 21–Supplemental information to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Non-cash investing and financing transactions that, appropriately, are not reflected in the consolidated statement of cash flows are listed below.

Non-cash investing and financing transactions
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Transfers from loans to other assets for other real estate owned
$
—

 
$
2

Change in assets of consolidated investment management funds
76

 
303

Change in liabilities of consolidated investment management funds
4

 
1

Change in nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds
65

 
264

Securities purchased not settled
1,113

 
400

Securities matured not settled
10

 
25

Available-for-sale securities transferred to trading assets
—

 
963

Held-to-maturity securities transferred to available-for-sale
—

 
1,087

Premises and equipment/capitalized software funded by financing lease obligations
14

 
15

Premises and equipment/operating lease obligations
1,272

(a)
—

 
(a)
Includes $1,244 million related to the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases, and $28 million related to new or modified leases.




BNY Mellon 97
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
 

Disclosure controls and procedures

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with participation by the members of the Disclosure Committee, has responsibility for ensuring that there is an adequate and effective process for establishing, maintaining, and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our SEC reports is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported and that information required to be disclosed by BNY Mellon is accumulated and communicated to BNY Mellon’s management to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. In addition, our ethics hotline can also be used by employees and others for the anonymous communication of concerns about financial controls or reporting matters. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

 
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

In the ordinary course of business, we may routinely modify, upgrade or enhance our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act during the second quarter of 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.



98 BNY Mellon
Forward-looking Statements
 


Some statements in this document are forward-looking. These include all statements about the usefulness of Non-GAAP measures, the future results of BNY Mellon, our businesses, financial, liquidity and capital condition, results of operations, liquidity, risk and capital management and processes, goals, strategies, outlook, objectives, expectations (including those regarding our performance results, expenses, nonperforming assets, timing of settlement of certain agreements and impact on credit losses, impacts of currency fluctuations, impacts of trends on our businesses, regulatory, technology, market, economic or accounting developments and the impacts of such developments on our businesses, legal proceedings and other contingencies), effective tax rate, estimates (including those regarding expenses, losses inherent in our credit portfolios and capital ratios), intentions (including those regarding our capital returns and investment in technology), targets, opportunities, growth (including those regarding our net interest revenue sensitivity and growth), the replacement of LIBOR and other IBORs and our transition program to alternative reference rates and initiatives.

In this report, any other report, any press release or any written or oral statement that BNY Mellon or its executives may make, words, such as “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “anticipate,” “likely,” “target,” “expect,” “intend,” “continue,” “seek,” “believe,” “plan,” “goal,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “strategy,” “synergies,” “opportunities,” “trends,” “future” and words of similar meaning, may signify forward-looking statements.

Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied as a result of a number of factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in our 2018 Annual Report, such as:

•
a communications or technology disruption or failure that results in a loss of information, delays our ability to access information or impacts our ability to provide services to our clients may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•
a cybersecurity incident, or a failure to protect our computer systems, networks and information and our clients’ information against cybersecurity threats, could result in the theft, loss, unauthorized access to, disclosure, use or alteration of information, system or network failures, or loss of access to information; any
 
such incident or failure could adversely impact our ability to conduct our businesses, damage our reputation and cause losses;
•
our business may be materially adversely affected by operational risk;
•
our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for losses;
•
we are subject to extensive government rulemaking, regulation and supervision; these rules and regulations have, and in the future may, compel us to change how we manage our businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations; in addition, these rules and regulations have increased our compliance and operational risk and costs;
•
regulatory or enforcement actions or litigation could materially adversely affect our results of operations or harm our businesses or reputation;
•
our businesses may be negatively affected by adverse events, publicity, government scrutiny or other reputational harm;
•
failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” and “well managed” status or capital adequacy and liquidity rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our business and financial condition;
•
a failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition;
•
the application of our Title I preferred resolution strategy or resolution under the Title II orderly liquidation authority could adversely affect the Parent’s liquidity and financial condition and the Parent’s security holders;
•
if our resolution plan is determined not to be credible or not to facilitate an orderly resolution under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition could be materially negatively impacted;
•
acts of terrorism, impacts from climate change, natural disasters, pandemics, global conflicts and other geopolitical events may have a negative impact on our business and operations;
•
we are dependent on fee-based business for a substantial majority of our revenue and our fee-based revenues could be adversely affected by slowing in market activity, weak financial markets, underperformance and/or negative


BNY Mellon 99
Forward-looking Statements (continued)
 

trends in savings rates or in investment preferences;
•
weakness and volatility in financial markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition;
•
transitions away from, or changes in the calculation of, LIBOR and other benchmark rates could adversely impact our business and results of operations;
•
the United Kingdom’s referendum decision to leave the EU has had and may continue to have negative effects on global economic conditions, global financial markets, and our business and results of operations;
•
changes in interest rates and yield curves could have a material adverse effect on our profitability;
•
we may experience write-downs of securities that we own and other losses related to volatile and illiquid market conditions, reducing our earnings and impacting our financial condition;
•
our FX revenue may be adversely affected by decreases in market volatility and the cross-border investment activity of our clients;
•
the failure or perceived weakness of any of our significant counterparties, many of whom are major financial institutions and sovereign entities, and our assumption of credit and counterparty risk, could expose us to loss and adversely affect our business;
•
our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our liquidity;
•
we could incur losses if our allowance for credit losses, including loan and lending-related commitments reserves, is inadequate;
•
any material reduction in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our principal bank subsidiaries, The Bank of New York Mellon or BNY Mellon, N.A., could increase the cost of funding and borrowing to us and our rated subsidiaries and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and on the value of the securities we issue;
•
new lines of business, new products and services or transformational or strategic project initiatives may subject us to additional risks, and the failure to implement these initiatives could affect our results of operations;
 
•
we are subject to competition in all aspects of our business, which could negatively affect our ability to maintain or increase our profitability;
•
our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to attract and retain employees;
•
our strategic transactions present risks and uncertainties and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition;
•
tax law changes or challenges to our tax positions with respect to historical transactions may adversely affect our net income, effective tax rate and our overall results of operations and financial condition;
•
our ability to return capital to shareholders is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and may be limited by U.S. banking laws and regulations, including those governing capital and the approval of our capital plan, applicable provisions of Delaware law or our failure to pay full and timely dividends on our preferred stock;
•
the Parent is a non-operating holding company, and as a result, is dependent on dividends from its subsidiaries and extensions of credit from its IHC to meet its obligations, including with respect to its securities, and to provide funds for share repurchases and payment of dividends to its stockholders; and
•
changes in accounting standards governing the preparation of our financial statements and future events could have a material impact on our reported financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and other financial data.

Investors should consider all risk factors discussed in our 2018 Annual Report and any subsequent reports filed with the SEC by BNY Mellon pursuant to the Exchange Act. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and BNY Mellon undertakes no obligation to update any statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such forward-looking statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. The contents of BNY Mellon’s website or any other websites referenced herein are not part of this report.



100 BNY Mellon
Part II - Other Information
 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The information required by this Item is set forth in the “Legal proceedings” section in Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which portion is incorporated herein by reference in response to this item.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(c)
The following table discloses repurchases of our common stock made in the second quarter of 2019. All of the Company’s preferred stock outstanding has preference over the Company’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends.

Issuer purchases of equity securities

Share repurchases - second quarter of 2019
 
 
 
 
Total shares
repurchased as
 part of a publicly
announced plan
or program

Maximum approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the publicly announced plans or programs at June 30, 2019
 
 
(dollars in millions, except per share information; common shares in thousands)
Total shares
repurchased

 
Average price
per share

 
 
April 2019
10,531

 
$
48.69

 
10,531

 
$
243

 
May 2019
4,441

 
49.99

 
4,441

 
21

 
June 2019
361

 
44.46

 
361

 
5

 
Second quarter of 2019 (a)
15,333

 
$
48.97

 
15,333

 
$
3,940

(b)
(a)
Includes 59 thousand shares repurchased at a purchase price of $3 million from employees, primarily in connection with the employees’ payment of taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock. The average price per share of open market purchases was $48.96.
(b)
Represents the maximum value of the shares authorized to be repurchased through the second quarter of 2020, including employee benefit plan repurchases.


In June 2018, in connection with the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to our 2018 capital plan, BNY Mellon announced a share repurchase plan providing for the repurchase of up to $2.4 billion of common stock. The 2018 capital plan began in the third quarter of 2018 and continued through the second quarter of 2019.

In December 2018, the Federal Reserve approved the repurchase of up to $830 million of additional common stock under our repurchase program. Our Board of Directors approved the additional share repurchases, all of which were repurchased in the fourth quarter of 2018. These repurchases were in addition to the Company’s repurchase of $2.4 billion of common stock previously approved by the Board and announced in June 2018.

In June 2019, in connection with the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to our 2019 capital plan, BNY Mellon announced a share repurchase plan providing for the repurchase of up to $3.94 billion of
 
common stock starting in the third quarter of 2019 and continuing through the second quarter of 2020. This new share repurchase plan replaces all previously authorized share repurchase plans.

Share repurchases may be executed through open market repurchases, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means, including through repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 and other derivative, accelerated share repurchase and other structured transactions. The timing and exact amount of any common stock repurchases will depend on various factors, including market conditions and the common stock trading price; the Company’s capital position, liquidity and financial performance; alternative uses of capital; and legal and regulatory considerations.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The list of exhibits required to be filed as exhibits to this report appears below.



BNY Mellon 101
Index to Exhibits
 

Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
Method of Filing
3.1
 
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.
 
Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-52710) as filed with the Commission on July 2, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2
 
Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to Series A Noncumulative Preferred Stock, dated June 15, 2007.
 
Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-52710) as filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.3
 
Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to Series C Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated Sept. 13, 2012.
 
Previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8A12B (File No. 001-35651) as filed with the Commission on Sept. 14, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.4
 
Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series D Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated May 16, 2013.
 
Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35651) as filed with the Commission on May 16, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

3.5
 
Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series E Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated April 27, 2015.

 
Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35651) as filed with the Commission on April 28, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

3.6
 
Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series F Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated July 29, 2016.
 
Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35651) as filed with the Commission on Aug. 1, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.7
 
Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 9, 2019.
 
Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35651) as filed with the Commission on April 10, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.8
 
Amended and Restated By-Laws of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, as amended and restated on Feb. 12, 2018.
 
Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35651) as filed with the Commission on Feb. 13, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.


102 BNY Mellon
Index to Exhibits (continued)
 


Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
Method of Filing
4.1
 
None of the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Parent or any of its subsidiaries represented long-term debt in excess of 10% of the total assets of the Company as of June 30, 2019. The Company hereby agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of any such instrument.
 
N/A
10.1
*
2019 Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement.
 
Filed herewith.
10.2
*
2019 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.
 
Filed herewith.
31.1
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Filed herewith.
31.2
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Filed herewith.
32.1
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Furnished herewith.
32.2
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Furnished herewith.
101.INS
 
Inline XBRL Instance Document.
 
The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
 
Filed herewith.
101.CAL
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 
Filed herewith.
101.DEF
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
 
Filed herewith.
101.LAB
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
 
Filed herewith.
101.PRE
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
Filed herewith.
104
 
The cover page of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, formatted in inline XBRL.
 
The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.

* Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.



BNY Mellon 103






SIGNATURE








Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.










 
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION
 
(Registrant)

 
 
 
 
Date: August 7, 2019
By:
 
/s/ Kurtis R. Kurimsky
 
 
 
Kurtis R. Kurimsky
 
 
 
Corporate Controller
 
 
 
(Duly Authorized Officer and
 
 
 
Principal Accounting Officer of
 
 
 
the Registrant)




104 BNY Mellon

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