Cass Information Systems - 10-Q quarterly report FY2025 Q1

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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

___________________________

FORM 10-Q


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

			For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

OR

o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

			For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File No. 000-20827

____________________

CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Missouri			43-1265338
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
12444 Powerscourt Drive, Suite 550 St. Louis, Missouri			63131
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

(314) 506-5500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbols

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $.50

CASS

The Nasdaq Global Select Market

____________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

Accelerated Filer

Non-Accelerated Filer

Smaller Reporting Company

Emerging Growth Company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No x

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's only class of common stock as of May 7, 2025: Common stock, par value $.50 per share – 13,359,999 shares outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward-looking Statements - Factors That May Affect Future Results

This report may contain or incorporate by reference forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Although we believe that, in making any such statements, our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors beyond our control, which may cause future performance to be materially different from expected performance summarized in the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors are discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which may be updated from time to time in our future filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, or changes to future results over time.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in Thousands except Share and Per Share Data)


	March 31, 2025 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	12,441	$	19,328
Short-term investments	208,233		330,400
Cash and cash equivalents	220,674		349,728
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	576,510		528,021

Loans	1,141,874		1,081,989
Less: Allowance for credit losses	14,286		13,395
Loans, net	1,127,588		1,068,594
Payments in advance of funding	175,326		208,530
Premises and equipment, net	31,748		30,576
Investment in bank-owned life insurance	50,767		50,325
Goodwill	16,164		16,333
Other intangible assets, net	4,622		4,914
Accounts and drafts receivable from customers	40,465		55,906
Other assets	60,536		67,741
Assets of discontinued operations	14,057		14,413
Total assets	$	2,318,457	$	2,395,081

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	363,798	$	251,230
Interest-bearing	636,277		716,686
Total deposits	1,000,075		967,916
Accounts and drafts payable	1,016,324		1,129,610
Other liabilities	48,823		46,211
Liabilities of discontinued operations	18,988		22,314
Total liabilities	2,084,210		2,166,051

Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.50 per share; 2,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued	—		—
Common stock, par value $.50 per share; 40,000,000 shares authorized and 15,505,772 shares issued at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 13,423,824 and 13,504,104 shares outstanding at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.	7,753		7,753
Additional paid-in capital	203,755		205,593
Retained earnings	153,278		148,487
Common shares in treasury, at cost (2,081,948 shares at March 31, 2025 and 2,001,668 shares at December 31, 2024)	(91,025)		(87,615)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(39,514)		(45,188)
Total shareholders’ equity	234,247		229,030
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,318,457	$	2,395,081

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands except Per Share Data)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Fee Revenue and Other Income:
Processing fees	$	16,469	$	16,859
Financial fees	9,961		10,598
Other	1,608		1,267
Total fee revenue and other income	28,038		28,724

Interest Income:
Interest and fees on loans	15,350		12,776
Interest and dividends on securities:
Taxable	3,515		3,519
Exempt from federal income taxes	632		918
Interest on federal funds sold and other short-term investments	3,893		4,441
Total interest income	23,390		21,654

Interest Expense:
Interest on deposits	4,116		5,178
Interest on short-term borrowings	—		—
Total interest expense	4,116		5,178
Net interest income	19,274		16,476
Provision for credit losses	905		95
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	18,369		16,381
Total net revenue	46,407		45,105

Operating Expense:
Salaries and commissions	21,165		20,971
Share-based compensation	1,241		1,195
Net periodic pension cost	—		195
Other benefits	4,873		4,546
Total personnel expenses	27,279		26,907
Occupancy	721		676
Equipment	2,294		1,831
Amortization of intangible assets	293		173
Bad debt recovery	(2,000)		—
Other operating expense	6,943		6,621
Total operating expense	35,530		36,208
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense	10,877		8,897
Income tax expense	2,326		1,833
Net income from continuing operations	8,551		7,064
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax	415		88
Net income	$	8,966	$	7,152

Basic earnings per share from continuing operations	$	.64	$	.52
Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations	.03		.01
Basic earnings per share	$	.67	$	.53

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations	$	.63	$	.51
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations	.03		.01
Diluted earnings per share	$	.66	$	.52

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Comprehensive Income:
Net income	$	8,966	$	7,152
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale	7,243		(2,096)
Tax effect	(1,724)		499
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in net income	18		—
Tax effect	(4)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	141		(90)
Total comprehensive income	$	14,640	$	5,465

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	8,966	$	7,152
Less: net income from discontinued operations	415		88
Net income from continuing operations	8,551		7,064
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of intangible assets	293		173
Net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities	465		1,037
Depreciation	1,401		1,088
Losses on sales of securities	18		—
Share-based compensation expense	1,241		1,195
Provision for credit losses	905		95
Increase in current income tax liability	2,382		1,786
Decrease in accounts receivable	1,950		351
Other operating activities, net	3,652		(3,945)
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations	20,858		8,844
Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations	707		983
Net cash provided by operating activities	21,565		9,827

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale	23,012		—
Proceeds from maturities of securities available-for-sale	15,820		14,559
Purchase of securities available-for-sale	(80,542)		(37,504)
Net increase in loans	(59,884)		(22,679)


Decrease (increase) in payments in advance of funding	33,204		(22,691)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(2,573)		(3,487)
Net cash used investing activities - continuing operations	(70,963)		(71,802)
Net cash used in investing activities - discontinued operations	(62)		(174)
Net cash used in investing activities	(71,025)		(71,976)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net increase (decrease) in noninterest-bearing demand deposits	112,568		(111,480)
Net (decrease) increase in interest-bearing demand and savings deposits	(81,494)		51,116
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits	1,085		(1,358)
Net decrease in accounts and drafts receivable from customers	15,440		77,795

Net decrease in accounts and drafts payable	(113,286)		(129,993)
Cash dividends paid	(4,175)		(4,089)
Purchase of common shares for treasury	(5,076)		(1,054)
Other financing activities, net	(1,456)		(1,870)
Net cash used in financing activities - continuing operations	(76,394)		(120,933)
Net cash (provided by) used in financing activities - discontinued operations	(3,200)		3,417
Net cash used in financing activities	(79,594)		(117,516)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(129,054)		(179,665)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	349,728		372,468
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	220,674	$	192,803

Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest	$	4,369	$	5,425
Cash paid for income taxes	49		61

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands except per share data)


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	7,753	$	208,007	$	145,782	$	(84,264)	$	(47,469)	$	229,809
Net income					7,152						7,152
Cash dividends ($0.30 per share)					(4,089)						(4,089)
Issuance of 105,686 common shares pursuant to share-based compensation plans, net			(4,904)				3,034				(1,870)

Share-based compensation expense			1,258				(32)				1,226
Purchase of 23,271 common shares							(1,054)				(1,054)
Other comprehensive loss									(1,687)		(1,687)
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	7,753	$	204,361	$	148,845	$	(82,316)	$	(49,156)	$	229,487


Balance, December 31, 2024	$	7,753	$	205,593	$	148,487	$	(87,615)	$	(45,188)	$	229,030
Net income					8,966						8,966
Cash dividends ($0.31 per share)					(4,175)						(4,175)
Issuance of 95,114 common shares pursuant to share-based compensation plans, net			(3,122)				1,666				(1,456)

Share-based compensation expense			1,284				—				1,284
Purchase of 116,109 common shares							(5,076)				(5,076)
Other comprehensive gain									5,674		5,674
Balance, March 31, 2025	$	7,753	$	203,755	$	153,278	$	(91,025)	$	(39,514)	$	234,247

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Certain amounts in prior-period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. Such reclassifications have no effect on previously reported net income or shareholders’ equity. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in Cass Information System, Inc.’s (the “Company” or “Cass”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 ("2024 Form 10-K").

Note 2 - Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

On April 7, 2025, the Company signed an Asset Purchase Agreement providing for the sale of its telecom expense management and managed mobility solutions business unit ("TEM Business Unit") to Asignet USA Inc ("Asignet"). The Asset Purchase Agreement with Asignet reflects a purchase price of $18.0 million with a closing date expected to be during the second quarter of 2025, pending the ability to meet certain closing conditions. The Company also signed a Transition Services Agreement with Asignet to provide certain information technology, data ingestion, and payment processing services for a period of time after closing of the transaction.

The Company has applied discontinued operations accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 205-20, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Discontinued Operations,” to the assets and liabilities being sold related to the Company's TEM Business Unit as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and for the three-months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, as applicable. The sale of the TEM Business Unit represents a strategic shift due to the Company completely exiting both the telecom expense management and managed mobility solutions businesses. The Company did not allocate any consolidated interest that is not directly attributable to or related to discontinued operations. All financial information in the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements is reported on a continuing operations basis, unless otherwise noted. The TEM Business Unit is included in the Information Services operating segment.

The carrying amount of major classes of assets and liabilities included as part of discontinued operations at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
(In thousands except share and per share data)
Assets
Premises and equipment, net	$	3,605	$	3,598
Goodwill	5,019		5,019
Other intangible assets, net	83		93
Other assets	5,350		5,703
Assets of discontinued operations	$	14,057	$	14,413

Liabilities
Accounts and drafts payable	$	16,465	$	19,665
Other liabilities	2,523		2,649
Liabilities of discontinued operations	$	18,988	$	22,314

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Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, and 2024 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands except per share data)	2025		2024
Fee Revenue and Other Income:
Processing fees	$	4,205	$	4,394
Financial fees	413		179
Total fee revenue and other income	4,618		4,573

Operating Expense:
Salaries and commissions	2,756		3,004
Share-based compensation	43		31
Other benefits	616		664
Total personnel expenses	3,415		3,699
Occupancy	181		185
Equipment	51		51
Amortization of intangible assets	9		18
Other operating	434		509
Total operating expense	4,090		4,462
Income from discontinued operations, before income tax expense	528		111
Income tax expense	113		23
Net income from discontinued operations	$	415	$	88

Note 3 – Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for intangible assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which requires that intangibles with indefinite useful lives be tested annually for impairment, or when management deems there is a triggering event, and those with finite useful lives be amortized over their useful lives.

Details of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:


	March 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Assets eligible for amortization:
Customer lists	$	6,215	$	(4,794)	$	6,314	$	(4,729)

Software	5,512		(2,579)		5,412		(2,358)
Trade name	373		(105)		373		(98)

Unamortized intangible assets:
Goodwill	16,164		—		16,333		—
Total intangible assets	$	28,264	$	(7,478)	$	28,432	$	(7,185)

The customer lists are amortized over 5 to 10 years; software over 3 to 7 years; the trade names over 10 to 20 years; and other intangible assets over 15 years. Amortization of intangible assets amounted to $293,000 and $173,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Estimated annual amortization of intangibles is $1.2 million in 2025, $1.1 million in 2026, $738,000 in 2027, $730,000 in 2028, and $699,000 in 2029.

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Note 4 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted-average number of potential common shares outstanding.

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:


(In thousands except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Basic:
Earnings from continuing operations	$	8,551	$	7,064
Earnings from discontinued operations	415		88
Net income	$	8,966	$	7,152
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,398,183		13,530,228
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations	$	0.64	$	0.52
Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations	$	0.03	$	0.01
Basic earnings per share	$	0.67	$	0.53

Diluted:
Earnings from continuing operations	$	8,551	$	7,064
Earnings from discontinued operations	415		88
Net income	$	8,966	$	7,152
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,398,183		13,530,228
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and stock appreciation rights	245,094		255,049
Weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution	13,643,277		13,785,277
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations	$	0.63	$	0.51
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations	$	0.03	$	0.01
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.66	$	0.52

Note 5 – Stock Repurchases

The Company maintains a treasury stock buyback program pursuant to which, in October 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with no expiration date. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had 202,472 shares remaining available for repurchase under the program. The Company repurchased 116,109 and 23,271 shares during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through negotiated transactions from time to time depending on market conditions.

Note 6 – Industry Segment Information

The services provided by the Company are classified into two reportable segments: Information Services and Banking Services. Each of these segments provides distinct services that are marketed through different channels and are consistent with the presentation of financial information to the chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance, develop strategy, and allocate resources. They are managed separately due to their unique service and processing requirements. The Company's chief operating decision maker is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Cass Information Systems' Inc.

The Information Services segment provides transportation, energy, telecommunication, and environmental invoice processing and payment services to large corporations. In addition, this segment provides church management software and on-line generosity services primarily for faith-based ministries. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company applied discontinued operations accounting to the assets and liabilities being sold related to the TEM Business Unit as of three-months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, as applicable. The TEM Business Unit is included

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in the Information Services operating segment. The Banking Services segment provides banking services primarily to privately held businesses, franchise restaurants and faith-based ministries, as well as supporting the banking needs of the Information Services segment.

The Company’s accounting policies for segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K. Management and the chief operating decision maker evaluates segment performance based on pre-tax income after allocations for corporate expenses. Transactions between segments are accounted for at what management believes to be fair value.

Substantially all revenue originates from, and all long-lived assets are located within, the United States and no revenue from any customer of any segment exceeds 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue.

Funding sources represent average balances and deposits generated by Information Services and Banking Services and there is no allocation methodology used. Banking Services interest income is determined by actual interest income on loans minus actual interest expense paid on deposits plus/minus an allocation for interest income or expense dependent on the remaining available liquidity of the segment. Information Services interest income is determined by multiplying available liquidity by actual yields on short-term investments and investment securities.

Any difference between total segment interest income and overall total Company interest income is included in Corporate, Eliminations, and Other.

Summarized information about the Company’s operations in each industry segment is as follows:


(In thousands)	Information Services		Banking Services		Corporate, Eliminations and Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025:
Fee income	$	27,006	$	608	$	424	$	28,038
Interest income	10,565		16,204		(3,379)		23,390
Interest expense	267		7,710		(3,861)		4,116
Provision for credit losses	—		905		—		905
Total net revenue	37,304		8,197		906		46,407

Personnel expenses	24,121		3,158		—		27,279
Occupancy	527		194		—		721
Equipment	2,227		67		—		2,294
Bad debt recovery	(2,000)		—		—		(2,000)
Intersegment expense (income)	873		(873)		—		—
Other operating expense	5,066		2,170		—		7,236
Total operating expense	30,814		4,716		—		35,530
Pre-tax income from continuing operations	6,490		3,481		906		10,877
Pre-tax income from discontinued operations	528		—		—		528

Goodwill	16,028		136		—		16,164
Other intangible assets, net	4,622		—		—		4,622
Total assets	1,449,282		1,213,879		(344,704)		2,318,457
Average funding sources	$	1,338,134	$	767,276	$	—	$	2,105,410

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(In thousands)	Information Services		Banking Services		Corporate, Eliminations and Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024:
Fee income	$	27,747	$	640	$	337	$	28,724
Interest income	10,191		13,884		(2,421)		21,654
Interest expense	598		7,890		(3,310)		5,178
Provision for credit losses	—		95		—		95
Total net revenue	37,340		6,539		1,226		45,105

Personnel expenses	23,881		3,026		—		26,907
Occupancy	509		167		—		676
Equipment	1,736		95		—		1,831

Intersegment expense (income)	1,038		(1,038)		—		—
Other operating expense	4,680		2,114		—		6,794
Total operating expense	31,844		4,364		—		36,208
Pre-tax income from continuing operations	5,496		2,175		1,226		8,897
Pre-tax income from discontinued operations	111		—		—		111

Goodwill	12,153		136		—		12,289
Other intangible assets, net	3,034		—		—		3,034
Total assets	1,386,858		1,122,954		(216,233)		2,293,579
Average funding sources	$	1,293,848	$	799,740	$	—	$	2,093,588

Intersegment income (expense) primarily relates to payment processing fees paid by the Information Services segment to the Banking services segment. The Corporate elimination for total assets and interest income and interest expense primarily relates to allocated funds and related interest depending on funding needs of the operating segments.

Note 7 – Loans by Type

A summary of loans is as follows:


(In thousands)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	612,355	$	559,262
Real estate:
Commercial:
Mortgage	116,880		119,194
Construction	9,125		9,134
Faith-based:
Mortgage	383,641		368,881
Construction	19,873		25,518
Other	—		—
Total loans	$	1,141,874	$	1,081,989

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The following table presents the aging of loans past due by category at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	Performing						Nonperforming
(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Over		Non- accrual		Total Loans
March 31, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	612,355	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	612,355
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	116,880		—		—		—		—		116,880
Construction	9,125		—		—		—		—		9,125
Faith-based:
Mortgage	383,641		—		—		—		—		383,641
Construction	19,873		—		—		—		—		19,873

Other	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,141,874	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,141,874
December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	559,262	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	559,262
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	119,194		—		—		—		—		119,194
Construction	9,134		—		—		—		—		9,134
Faith-based:
Mortgage	368,881		—		—		—		—		368,881
Construction	25,518		—		—		—		—		25,518

Other	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,081,989	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,081,989

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The following table presents the credit exposure of the loan portfolio by internally assigned credit grade as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(In thousands)	Loans Subject to Normal Monitoring1		Performing Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Nonperforming Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Total Loans
March 31, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	581,183	$	31,172	$	—	$	612,355
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	113,765		3,115		—		116,880
Construction	9,125		—		—		9,125
Faith-based:
Mortgage	369,070		14,571		—		383,641
Construction	19,873		—		—		19,873

Other	—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,093,016	$	48,858	$	—	$	1,141,874
December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	527,690	$	31,572	$	—	$	559,262
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	116,063		3,131		—		119,194
Construction	9,134		—		—		9,134
Faith-based:
Mortgage	352,356		16,525		—		368,881
Construction	25,518		—		—		25,518

Other	—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,030,761	$	51,228	$	—	$	1,081,989


1 Loans subject to normal monitoring involve borrowers of acceptable-to-strong credit quality and risk, who have the apparent ability to satisfy their loan obligations.
2 Loans subject to special monitoring possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which requires a high level of management attention.

Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, or a combination thereof, among other things.

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There were two loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025. There were no loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table shows the amortized cost of loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025, segregated by category and type of modification.


(In thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Percentage of Total Loans Held for Investment












Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	29,191	$	—	$	—	4.77	%








Total	$	—	$	29,191	$	—	$	—	2.56	%

Both loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025 were due to term extensions coupled with an interest rate increase.

The following table shows the payment status of loans that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the last twelve months:


(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due

Commercial and industrial	$	29,191	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—








Total	$	29,191	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

At March 31, 2025, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which the Company modified the terms of the loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension during the current period.

There were no modified loans that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that had been modified due to the borrower experiencing financial difficulty within the 12 previous months preceding the default.

Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan is written off. There were no loans written off during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The Company had no loans evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

There were no foreclosed loans recorded as other real estate owned as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) by category for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and year-ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:


(In thousands)	C&I		CRE		Faith-based CRE		Construction		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	5,412	$	1,093	$	6,476	$	108	$	13,089
Provision for (release of) credit losses	485		(70)		(218)		109		306

Balance at December 31, 2024	$	5,897	$	1,023	$	6,258	$	217	$	13,395

Provision for (release of) credit losses (1)	760		(34)		194		(29)		891

Balance at March 31, 2025	$	6,657	$	989	$	6,452	$	188	$	14,286


(1)			For the three months ended March 31, 2025, there was a provision for credit losses of $14,000 for unfunded commitments.

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Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to activities that contain credit, market and operational risks that are not reflected in whole or in part in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As more fully described in the Form 10-K, such activities include traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. The Company’s maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are subject to the same underwriting standards as those financial instruments included on the consolidated balance sheets. An allowance for unfunded commitments of $287,000 and $273,000 had been recorded at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

At March 31, 2025, the balances of unfunded commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit were $172.2 million, $12.2 million, and $1.1 million, respectively. Since some of the financial instruments may expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

On March 19, 2024, the Company filed a claim against Rubicon Technologies, Inc. ("Rubicon") for failed reimbursement of invoices that were processed and paid by the Company on Rubicon's behalf and unpaid fees for Company services that were due for invoice management services and bill pay services, together with interest and penalties related to the foregoing amounts. On April 22, 2024, Rubicon filed a counterclaim against the Company for failure to perform its obligations under the Master Services Agreement between the Company and Rubicon. The Company recorded a write-off to bad debt expense of $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to this matter.

On March 28, 2025, the Company and Rubicon, in order to fully resolve the above matters, signed a Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release whereby Rubicon made an initial payment to the Company of $2.0 million. The Company recorded a bad debt recovery of $2.0 million in the consolidated statement of income for the three-months ended March 31, 2025 upon receipt of the initial payment of $2.0 million. Rubicon also agreed to a fully amortizing, interest-bearing Promissory Note of $5.0 million, with annual payments, maturing July 1, 2029.

Note 9 – Share-Based Compensation

On February 16, 2023, the Board of Directors adopted the 2023 Omnibus Stock and Performance Compensation Plan (the "2023 Omnibus Plan"), which was approved by the Company's shareholders on April 18, 2023. The 2023 Omnibus Plan permits the issuance of up to 1.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock in the form of stock options, SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, phantom stock, and performance awards. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, 39,766 time-based restricted shares and 56,043 performance-based restricted shares were granted under the 2023 Omnibus Plan. Share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1.2 million.

Restricted Stock

Restricted shares granted to Company employees are amortized to expense over a three-year cliff vesting period, or until vesting occurs upon retirement. Restricted shares granted to members of the Board of Directors are amortized to expense over a one-year service period, with the exception of those shares granted in lieu of cash payments for retainer fees which are expensed in the period earned.

As of March 31, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted shares was $2.5 million, and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.57 years.

Following is a summary of the activity of the Company's restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2025, with total shares and weighted-average fair value:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2024	254,808	$	42.87
Granted	39,766	41.54
Vested	(37,232)	39.58

Balance at March 31, 2025	257,342	$	43.14

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Performance-Based Restricted Stock

The Company has granted three-year performance-based restricted stock (“PBRS”) awards which are contingent upon the Company’s achievement of pre-established financial goals over a three-year cliff vest period. The number of shares issued ranges from 0% to 150% of the target opportunity based on the actual achievement of financial goals for the three-year performance period.

Following is a summary of the activity of the PBRS for the three months ended March 31, 2025, based on 100% of target value:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2024	158,428	$	43.87
Granted	56,043	41.46
Vested	(55,848)	39.58
Forfeitures	(887)	43.48
Balance at March 31, 2025	157,736	$	44.54

The PBRS that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2025 were based on the Company's achievement of 99.1% of target financial goals for the 2022-2024 performance period, resulting in the issuance of 55,348 shares of common stock. The outstanding PBRS at March 31, 2025 will vest at scheduled vesting dates and the actual number of shares of common stock issued will range from 0% to 150% of the target opportunity based on the actual achievement of financial goals for the respective three-year performance period.

Note 10 – Defined Pension Plans

The Company had a noncontributory defined-benefit pension plan (the “Plan”), which covered eligible employees that was terminated in 2024. The Company recorded net periodic pension cost of $0 and $195,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, respectively related to the Plan.

In addition to the Plan, the Company has an unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan (the "SERP"). There are no current employees earning benefits and therefore, there is no service cost associated with the SERP. The following table represents the components of the net periodic cost for the SERP:


(In thousands)	Estimated 2025		Actual 2024

Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	463	$	450
Net amortization	(13)		—
Net periodic pension cost	$	450	$	450

SERP cost recorded to expense was $113,000 for both the three month periods ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, respectively.

Note 11 – Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 21.4% and 20.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for all periods differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax-exempt interest received from municipal bonds and bank-owned life insurance, among other factors.

Note 12 – Investment in Securities

Investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company’s investment securities available-for-sale are measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs including observable trade data, market data, etc. The market evaluation utilizes several sources which include “observable inputs” rather than “significant unobservable

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inputs” and therefore fall into the Level 2 category. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities are summarized as follows:


	March 31, 2025
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	181,986	$	7	$	(15,570)	$	166,423
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	339,357		637		(29,987)		310,007
Corporate bonds	72,755		—		(6,841)		65,914

Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	34,837		—		(671)		34,166
Total	$	628,935	$	644	$	(53,069)	$	576,510


	December 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	188,933	$	4	$	(16,973)	$	171,964
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	267,359		11		(34,095)		233,275
Corporate bonds	95,841		3		(8,058)		87,786

Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	35,575		—		(579)		34,996
Total	$	587,708	$	18	$	(59,705)	$	528,021

The fair values of securities with unrealized losses are as follows:


	March 31, 2025
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	2,531	$	2	$	158,903	$	15,568	$	161,434	$	15,570
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	92,058		1,251		134,763		28,736		226,821		29,987
Corporate bonds	7,953		46		57,960		6,795		65,913		6,841

Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		34,165		671		34,165		671
Total	$	102,542	$	1,299	$	385,791	$	51,770	$	488,333	$	53,069

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	December 31, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	4,082	$	8	$	163,893	$	16,964	$	167,975	$	16,972
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	85,272		2,086		139,676		32,009		224,948		34,095
Corporate bonds	7,901		99		66,860		7,960		74,761		8,059

Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		30,575		579		30,575		579
Total	$	97,255	$	2,193	$	401,004	$	57,512	$	498,259	$	59,705

There were 234 securities, or 91.1% (208 of which for greater than 12 months), in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2025. The unrealized losses at March 31, 2025 were primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates after the securities were purchased. The Company does not currently intend to sell, and based on current conditions, the Company does not believe it will be required to sell these available-for-sale securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. Therefore, the unrealized losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. There were 241 securities, or 96.0% (215 of which for greater than 12 months), in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had not recorded an allowance for credit losses on securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.


	March 31, 2025
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less	$	6,957	$	6,949
Due after 1 year through 5 years	93,469		90,294
Due after 5 years through 10 years	236,053		215,926
Due after 10 years	292,456		263,341
Total	$	628,935	$	576,510

Proceeds from sales of investment securities classified as available-for-sale were $23.0 million and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Gross realized losses were $18,000 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no gross realized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. There were no securities pledged to secure public deposits or for other purposes at March 31, 2025.

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Note 13 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:


	March 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Balance sheet assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	220,674	$	220,674	$	349,728	$	349,728
Investment securities	576,510		576,510		528,021		528,021
Loans, net	1,127,588		1,116,407		1,068,594		1,046,406
Accrued interest receivable	8,397		8,397		7,979		7,979
Total	$	1,933,169	$	1,921,988	$	1,954,322	$	1,932,134
Balance sheet liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,000,075	$	1,000,075	$	967,916	$	967,916
Accounts and drafts payable	1,016,324		1,016,324		1,129,610		1,129,610
Accrued interest payable	412		412		666		666
Total	$	2,016,811	$	2,016,811	$	2,098,192	$	2,098,192

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Investment in Securities - The fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs including observable trade data, market data, etc. Refer to Note 12, “Investment in Securities,” for fair value and unrealized gains and losses by investment type.

Loans - The fair value is estimated using present values of future cash flows discounted at risk-adjusted interest rates for each loan category designated by management and is therefore a Level 3 valuation. Management believes that the risk factor embedded in the interest rates along with the allowance for credit losses result in a fair valuation.

Accrued Interest Receivable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Deposits - The fair value of demand deposits, savings deposits and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities and therefore, is a Level 2 valuation. The fair value estimates above do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market or the benefit derived from the customer relationship inherent in existing deposits.

Accounts and Drafts Payable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Accrued Interest Payable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Note 14 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue is recognized as the obligation to the customer is satisfied. The following is detail of the Company’s revenue from contracts with clients.

Processing fees – The Company earns fees on a per-item or monthly basis for the invoice processing services rendered on behalf of customers. Per-item fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. Monthly fees are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

Financial fees – The Company earns fees on a transaction level basis for invoice payment services when making customer payments. Fees are recognized at the point in time when the payment transactions are made, which is when the

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performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

Bank service fees – Revenue from service fees consists of service charges and fees on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds. Service charges on deposit accounts are transaction-based fees that are recognized at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope for the periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2025		2024
Fee revenue and other income
In-scope of FASB ASC 606
Processing fees	$	16,469	$	16,859
Financial fees	9,961		10,598
Information services payment and processing revenue	26,430		27,457
Bank service fees	336		281
Fee revenue (in-scope of FASB ASC 606)	26,766		27,738
Other income (out-of-scope of FASB ASC 606)	1,272		986
Total fee revenue and other income	$	28,038	$	28,724

Note 15 – Leases

The Company leases certain premises under operating leases. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had lease liabilities of $5.0 million and right-of-use assets of $4.9 million. Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are reflected in other liabilities and other assets, respectively. Presented within occupancy expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025, operating lease cost was $214,000, short-term lease cost was $54,000, and there was no variable lease cost. At March 31, 2025, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the operating leases was 6.8 years and the weighted-average discount rate used in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was 2.75%. Certain of the Company’s leases contain options to renew the lease; however, these renewal options are not included in the calculation of the lease liabilities as they are not reasonably certain to be exercised. See the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K for information regarding these commitments.

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and undiscounted cash flows as of March 31, 2025 is as follows:


(In thousands)	March 31, 2025
Lease payments due
Less than 1 year	$	835
1-2 years	820
2-3 years	826
3-4 years	738
4-5 years	717
Over 5 years	1,594
Total undiscounted cash flows	5,530
Discount on cash flows	495
Total lease liability	$	5,035

There were no sale and leaseback transactions, leveraged leases, or lease transactions with related parties during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

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Note 16 – Subsequent Events

As further discussed in note 2, on April 7, 2025, the Company signed an Asset Purchase Agreement providing for the sale of its TEM Business Unit to Asignet.. The Asset Purchase Agreement with Asignet reflects a purchase price of $18.0 million with a closing date expected to be during the second quarter of 2025, pending the ability to meet certain closing conditions. The Company also signed a Transition Services Agreement with Asignet to provide certain information technology, data ingestion, and payment processing services for a period of time after closing of the transaction.

In accordance with FASB ASC 855, Subsequent Events, the Company has evaluated subsequent events after the consolidated balance sheet date of March 31, 2025. There were no other events identified that would require additional disclosures to prevent the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements from being misleading.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Cass Information Systems, Inc. ("Cass" or the "Company") provides payment and information processing services to large manufacturing, distribution, and retail enterprises across the United States. The Company’s services include freight invoice rating, payment processing, auditing, and the generation of accounting and transportation information. Cass also processes and pays facility-related invoices, which include electricity and gas as well as waste and telecommunications expenses, and is a provider of telecom expense management solutions. Cass solutions include integrated payments, a B2B payment platform for clients that require an agile fintech partner. Additionally, the Company offers a church management software solution and an on-line platform to provide generosity services for faith-based and non-profit organizations. The Company’s bank subsidiary, Cass Commercial Bank (the “Bank”), supports the Company’s payment operations. The Bank also provides banking services to its target markets, which include privately held businesses in the St. Louis metropolitan area and restaurant franchises and faith-based ministries within the United States.

In general, Cass is compensated for its information processing services through service fees, transactional level payment services, and investment of account balances generated during the payment process. Both the number of transactions processed and the dollar volume processed are therefore key metrics followed by management. The Bank earns most of its revenue from net interest income.

Various factors will influence the Company’s revenue and profitability, such as changes in the general level of interest rates, which has a significant effect on net interest income; industry-wide factors, such as the willingness of large corporations to outsource key business functions, the general level of transportation costs, deregulation of energy costs, and consolidation of telecommunication providers; and economic factors that include the general level of economic activity, the ability to hire and retain qualified staff, the growth and quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio, and the effects of tariffs or other domestic or international governmental policies. For a more detailed discussion of the Company’s revenue drivers and factors that impact the Company’s results of operation and financial condition generally, see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.

Recent Industry Developments

The transportation industry continues to experience a decline in overall freight rates caused by an ongoing freight recession. The freight recession adversely affects the number of freight transactions and dollar amount of invoices processed. Partially as a result, the Company's transportation invoice and dollar volumes declined 4.7% and 3.3%, respectively during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. Transportation dollar volumes are key to the Company’s revenue as higher volumes generally lead to an increase in payment float, which generates interest income, as well as an increase in payments in advance of funding, which generates financial fees.

Recent Items of Note

Net interest income increased 2.7 million, or 16.3%. The increase in net interest income was attributable to the net interest margin improving to 3.75% as compared to 3.26% in the same period last year, in addition to an increase in average interest-earning assets of $41.4 million, or 2.0%. The Company generally benefits from a higher interest rate environment due to a large percentage of its funding sources being non-interest bearing.

On April 7, 2025, the Company signed an Asset Purchase Agreement providing for the sale of its telecom expense management and managed mobility solutions business unit (TEM Business Unit) to Asignet USA Inc. The Asset Purchase Agreement with Asignet (the "Asignet Agreement") reflects a purchase price of $18.0 million with a closing date expected in the second quarter of 2025, pending the ability to meet certain closing conditions.

Results of Operations

The following paragraphs more fully discuss the results of operations and changes in financial condition for the three months ended March 31, 2025 (“first quarter of 2025”) compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 (“first quarter of 2024”). The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes and with the statistical information and financial data appearing in this report, as well as in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K. Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be attained for any other period.

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Discontinued Operations

The Company has applied discontinued operations accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 205-20, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Discontinued Operations,” to the assets and liabilities being sold related to the Company's TEM Business Unit as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and for the three-months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, as applicable. All financial information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is reported on a continuing operations basis, unless otherwise noted. See Note 2 and Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding discontinued operations and subsequent events associated with discontinued operations.

Summary of Results

The following table summarizes the Company’s operating results:


(In thousands except per share data)	First Quarter of
	2025			2024			% Change
Processing fees	$	16,469		$	16,859		(2.3)	%
Financial fees	9,961			10,598			(6.0)	%
Net interest income	19,274			16,476			17.0	%
Provision for credit loss	905			95			852.6	%
Other	1,608			1,267			26.9	%
Total net revenue	46,407			45,105			2.9	%
Operating expense	35,530			36,208			(1.9)	%
Income before income tax expense	10,877			8,897			22.3	%
Income tax expense	2,326			1,833			26.9	%
Net income from continuing operations	$	8,551		$	7,064		21.1	%
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	415		$	88		371.6	%
Net income	$	8,966		$	7,152		25.4	%
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations	$	0.63		$	0.51		23.5	%
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations	$	0.03		$	0.01		200.0	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.66		$	0.52		26.9	%
Return on average assets	1.51		%	1.20		%	25.8	%
Return on average equity	15.91		%	12.66		%	25.7	%

The Company recorded net revenue of $46.4 million during the first quarter of 2025, up 2.9% from the first quarter of 2024, primarily driven by net interest income. Operating expense decreased 1.9% primarily driven by a bad debt recovery of $2.0 million related to partial consideration received in a litigation settlement. Net income was $9.0 million and diluted EPS was $0.66 per share, increases of 25.4% and 26.9% from the three months period ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company posted a 1.51% return on average assets and 15.91% return on average equity.

Fee Revenue and Other Income

The Company’s fee revenue is derived mainly from transportation and facility processing and financial fees. As the Company provides its processing and payment services, it is compensated by service fees which are typically calculated on a per-item basis, discounts received for services provided to carriers and by the accounts and drafts payable balances

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generated in the payment process which can be used to generate interest income. Processing volumes, average payments in advance of funding, and fee revenue were as follows:


(In thousands)	First Quarter of
	2025		2024		% Change
Transportation invoice volume	8,355		8,771		(4.7)	%
Transportation invoice dollar volume	$	8,643,138	$	8,939,646	(3.3)	%
Facility-related transaction volume 1	4,225		4,114		2.7	%
Facility-related dollar volume 1	$	5,822,935	$	5,016,208	16.1	%
Average payments in advance of funding	$	173,590	$	194,338	(10.7)	%
Processing fees	$	16,469	$	16,859	(2.3)	%
Financial fees	$	9,961	$	10,598	(6.0)	%
Other fees	$	1,608	$	1,267	26.9	%

1.Includes utility and waste.

Processing fees decreased $390,000, or 2.3%, primarily attributable to decrease in transportation invoice volumes of 4.7%, partially offset by the increase in facility expense invoice volumes of 2.7%.

Financial fees decreased $637,000, or 6.0%, primarily attributable to a decline in transportation dollar volumes of 3.3% and related decline in average payments in advance of funding of 10.7%.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest earned on loans, investments, and other earning assets and interest expense on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is a significant source of the Company’s revenues. The following table summarizes the changes in tax-equivalent net interest income and related factors:


(In thousands)	First Quarter of
	2025			2024			% Change
Average earning assets	$	2,104,603		$	2,063,239		2.0	%
Average interest-bearing liabilities	628,225			631,633			(0.5)	%
Net interest income*	19,442			16,720			16.3	%
Net interest margin*	3.75		%	3.26		%
Yield on earning assets*	4.54		%	4.27		%
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities	2.66		%	3.30		%

*Presented on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 21% for both 2025 and 2024.

The increase in net interest income is primarily attributable to the net interest margin improving to 3.75% as compared to 3.26% in the same period last year, in addition to an increase in average earning assets of $41.4 million, or 2.0%. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 27 basis points from 4.27% to 4.54% while the cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 64 basis points from 3.30% to 2.66%.

Average loans increased $93.3 million, or 9.2%, to $1.11 billion. The increase in average loans was primarily due to growth in the Company's commercial and industrial and faith-based loan portfolios. The average yield on loans increased 55 basis points to 5.61%, primarily due to loan growth at current market interest rates and continued maturing and re-pricing of existing fixed rate loans to current market interest rates.

Average investment securities decreased $83.6 million, or 12.0%, to $611.2 million due to the sale and maturity of investment securities throughout 2024 and the first quarter of 2025 exceeding new purchases. The average yield on taxable investment securities increased 23 basis points to 2.95% as a result of purchases of new investment securities at current market interest rates, which were higher than the average interest rate in the current investment portfolio. The average yield on tax-exempt investment securities declined 15 basis points to 2.54% driven by maturities of higher rate securities.

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Average short-term investments, consisting of interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions and federal funds sold, increased $31.7 million, or 9.0%, to $383.8 million. The increase is primarily a result of the decrease in average investment securities and the increase in average funding sources, partially offset by the increase in average loans. The average yield on short-term investments decreased 96 basis points to 4.11%, primarily due to the decrease in the Federal Funds rate that occurred in the last four months of 2024. The majority of these short-term investments are held at the Federal Reserve Bank.

The average balance of interest-bearing deposits decreased $3.4 million, or 0.5%, to $628.2 million. Average non-interest-bearing demand deposits decreased $42.7 million, or 9.5%, to $405.2 million. The Company has experienced deposit attrition due to a decrease in the overall level of some larger commercial deposits due to client funding needs for acquisitions and other purposes. The average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits decreased 64 basis points to 2.66% due to the reduction in short-term interest rates in the last four months of 2024.

Average accounts and drafts payable increased $57.9 million, or 5.7%, to $1.07 billion. The increase in average accounts and drafts payable was primarily driven by the increase in facility dollar volumes of 16.1%.

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity; Interest Rate and Interest Differential

The following tables show the condensed average balance sheets for each of the periods reported, the tax-equivalent interest income and expense for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the average yield on such categories of interest-earning assets and the average rates paid on such categories of interest-bearing liabilities for each of the periods reported.

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(In thousands)	First Quarter of 2025						First Quarter of 2024
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets1
Interest-earning assets
Loans2:	$	1,109,526	$	15,350	5.61	%	$	1,016,246	$	12,776	5.06	%
Investment securities3:
Taxable	483,536		3,514		2.95	%	521,144		3,519		2.72	%
Tax-exempt4	127,705		801		2.54	%	173,686		1,162		2.69	%

Short-term investments	383,836		3,893		4.11	%	352,163		4,441		5.07	%
Total interest-earning assets	2,104,603		23,558		4.54	%	2,063,239		21,898		4.27	%
Non-interest-earning assets
Cash and due from banks	20,610						23,226
Premises and equipment, net	30,892						29,674
Bank-owned life insurance	50,499						49,284
Goodwill and other intangibles	21,060						15,425
Payments in advance of funding	173,590						194,338
Unrealized loss on investment securities	(56,336)						(59,407)
Other assets	62,500						64,524
Allowance for credit losses	(13,405)						(13,091)
Assets of discontinued operations	14,393						14,370
Total assets	$	2,408,406					$	2,381,582
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity1
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	537,938	$	3,373	2.54	%	$	548,071	$	4,404	3.23	%
Savings deposits	7,834		25		1.29	%	7,445		32		1.73	%
Time deposits >= $100	25,739		212		3.34	%	27,627		257		3.74	%
Other time deposits	56,703		506		3.62	%	48,479		485		4.02	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	628,214		4,116		2.66	%	631,622		5,178		3.30	%
Short-term borrowings	11		—		—	%	11		—		—	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	628,225		4,116		2.66	%	631,633		5,178		3.30	%
Non-interest bearing liabilities
Demand deposits	405,183						447,900
Accounts and drafts payable	1,072,013						1,014,067
Other liabilities	52,717						36,719
Liabilities of discontinued operations	21,653						24,594
Total liabilities	2,179,791						2,154,913
Shareholders’ equity	228,615						226,669
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,408,406					$	2,381,582
Net interest income			$	19,442					$	16,720
Net interest margin					3.75	%					3.26	%
Interest spread					1.88	%					0.97	%

1.Balances shown are daily averages.

2.Interest income on loans includes net loan fees of $367,000 and $83,000 for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

3.For purposes of these computations, yields on investment securities are computed as interest income divided by the average amortized cost of the investments.

4.Interest income is presented on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 21% for both 2025 and 2024. The tax-equivalent adjustment was approximately $168,000 and $244,000 for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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Analysis of Net Interest Income Changes

The following tables present the changes in interest income and expense between periods due to changes in volume and interest rates. That portion of the change in interest attributable to the combined rate/volume variance has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.


(In thousands)	First Quarter of 2025 Compared to First Quarter of 2024
	Volume		Rate		Total
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans1:	$	1,173	$	1,401	$	2,574
Investment securities:
Taxable	(274)		269		(5)
Tax-exempt2	(299)		(62)		(361)

Short-term investments	359		(907)		(548)
Total interest income	959		701		1,660
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	(82)		(949)		(1,031)
Savings deposits	2		(9)		(7)
Time deposits >=$100	(18)		(27)		(45)
Other time deposits	74		(53)		21
Short-term borrowings	—		—		—
Total interest expense	(24)		(1,038)		(1,062)
Net interest income	$	983	$	1,739	$	2,722

1.Interest income includes net loan fees.

2.Interest income is presented on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Unfunded Commitments

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses and off-balance sheet credit exposures of $905,000 and $95,000 for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The amount of the provision for credit losses is derived from the Company’s quarterly Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model. The amount of the provision for credit losses will fluctuate as determined by these quarterly analyses. The provision for credit losses in the first quarter of 2025 was driven by an increase in total loans of $59.9 million, or 5.5%, as compared to December 31, 2024.

The Company experienced no loan charge-offs in the first quarter of 2025 and 2024. The ACL was $14.3 million at March 31, 2025 and $13.4 million at December 31, 2024. The ACL represented 1.25% of outstanding loans at March 31, 2025 and 1.24% of outstanding loans at December 31, 2024. The allowance for unfunded commitments was $287,000 at March 31, 2025 and $273,000 at December 31, 2024. There were no nonperforming loans outstanding at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The ACL has been established and is maintained to estimate the lifetime expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. An ongoing assessment is performed to determine if the balance is adequate. Charges or credits are made to expense based on changes in the economic forecast, qualitative risk factors, loan volume, and individual loans. For loans that are individually evaluated, the Company uses two impairment measurement methods: 1) the present value of expected future cash flows and 2) collateral value.

The Company also utilizes ratio analyses to evaluate the overall reasonableness of the ACL compared to its peers and required levels of regulatory capital. Federal and state regulatory agencies review the Company’s methodology for maintaining the ACL. These agencies may require the Company to adjust the ACL based on their judgments and interpretations about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

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Summary of Credit Loss Experience

The following table presents information on the Company's provision for (release of) credit losses and analysis of the ACL:


	First Quarter of
(In thousands)	2025			2024
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	13,395		$	13,089
Provision for credit losses	891			210

Allowance for credit losses at end of period	$	14,286		$	13,299

Allowance for unfunded commitments at beginning of period	$	273		$	132
Provision for (release of) credit losses	14			(115)
Allowance for unfunded commitments at end of period	$	287		$	17


Loans outstanding:
Average	$	1,109,526		$	1,016,246
March 31	$	1,141,874		$	1,036,997
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to loans outstanding at March 31	1.25		%	1.28		%

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses for the first quarter of 2025 decreased $678,000, or 1.9%, compared to the first quarter of 2024. The following table details the components of operating expenses:


(In thousands)	First Quarter of
	2025		2024
Salaries and commissions	$	21,165	$	20,971
Share-based compensation	1,241		1,195
Net periodic pension cost	—		195
Other benefits	4,873		4,546
Personnel	$	27,279	$	26,907
Occupancy	721		676
Equipment	2,294		1,831
Bad debt recovery	(2,000)		—
Amortization of intangible assets	293		173
Other operating	6,943		6,621
Total operating expense	$	35,530	$	36,208

Personnel expenses increased $372,000, or 1.4%. Salaries and commissions increased $194,000, or 0.9%, as a result of merit increases and the December 2024 acquisition of AcuAudit, partially offset by a decrease in average full-time equivalent employees of 3.4% due to strategic investments in various technology initiatives. Net periodic pension cost was $0 for the first quarter of 2025 as compared to $195,000 in the first quarter of 2024 due to the termination of the Company’s noncontributory defined-benefit pension plan in the fourth quarter of 2024. Other benefits increased $327,000, or 7.2%, due to higher health insurance costs, partially offset by the decline in average FTEs.

Equipment expense increased $463,000 primarily due to an increase in depreciation expense on software related to recently completed technology initiatives.

The Company recorded a bad debt recovery of $2.0 million related to partial consideration received in a litigation settlement as more fully described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

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Net Income from Discontinued Operations


(In thousands except per share data)	First Quarter of
	2025		2024		% Change
Processing fees	$	4,205	$	4,394	(4.3)	%
Financial fees	413		179		130.7	%
Total revenues	4,618		4,573		1.0	%
Operating expense	4,090		4,462		(8.3)	%
Income before income tax expense	528		111		375.7	%
Income tax expense	113		23		391.3	%
Net income from discontinued operations	$	415	$	88	371.6	%
Facility transaction volume	133		150		(11.3)	%
Facility dollar volume	$	256,844	$	313,358	(18.0)	%
Average full-time equivalent employees	$	129	$	150	(14.0)	%

Net income from discontinued operations was $415,000, an increase of $327,000 over the same period in the prior year. The increase is primarily due to a decrease in operating expense in the TEM Business Unit of $372,000 due to a decline in facility transaction volumes and related staffing needs.

Financial Condition

Total assets at March 31, 2025 were $2.32 billion, a decrease of $76.6 million, or 3.2%, from December 31, 2024.

The Company experienced a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $129.1 million, or 36.9%, during the first quarter of 2025. The change in cash and cash equivalents reflects the Company’s daily liquidity position and is primarily affected by changes in funding sources, mainly accounts and drafts payable and deposits, cash flows in and out of loans, investments securities and payments in advance of funding.

The investment securities portfolio increased $48.5 million, or 9.2%, during the first quarter of 2025. The increase is due to purchases of $80.5 million and a decrease in unrealized losses of $7.3 million, partially offset by sales of $23.0 million and maturities of $15.8 million.

Loans increased $59.9 million, or 5.5%, from December 31, 2024. The Company experienced growth in its commercial and industrial and faith-based loan portfolios during the first quarter of 2025.

Payments in advance of funding decreased $33.2 million, or 15.9%, primarily due to a 3.3% decrease in transportation dollar volumes, which led to fewer dollars advanced to freight carriers, in addition to the continued consolidation of freight carriers.

Accounts and drafts receivable from customers decreased $15.4 million, or 27.6%, from December 31, 2024. The decrease is solely due to timing of customer funding.

Total deposits at March 31, 2025 were $1.00 billion, an increase of $32.2 million, or 3.3%, from December 31, 2024. The increase is primarily due to the increase in noninterest-bearing deposits of $112.6 million.

Accounts and drafts payable at March 31, 2025 were $1.02 billion, a decrease of $113.3 million, or 10.0%, from December 31, 2024. Accounts and drafts payable are a stable source of funding generated by payment float from transportation and facility clients. Accounts and drafts payable will fluctuate from period-end to period-end due to the payment processing cycle, which results in lower balances on days when payments clear and higher balances on days when payments are issued. For this reason, average balances are generally a more meaningful measure of accounts and drafts payable.

Total liabilities at March 31, 2025 were $2.08 billion, a decrease of $81.8 million, or 3.8%, from December 31, 2024, reflective of the decrease in accounts and drafts payable, partially offset by the increase in deposits.

Total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2025 was $234.2 million, a $5.2 million increase from December 31, 2024. The increase in shareholders’ equity is a result of first quarter of 2025 earnings of $9.0 million, and a decrease in accumulated

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other comprehensive loss of $5.7 million primarily related to the fair value of available-for-sale investment securities, partially offset by the repurchase of Company stock of $5.1 million, and dividends paid of $4.2 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The discipline of liquidity management as practiced by the Company seeks to ensure that funds are available to fulfill all payment obligations relating to invoices processed as they become due and meet depositor withdrawal requests and borrower credit demands while at the same time maximizing profitability. This is accomplished by balancing changes in demand for funds with changes in supply of funds. Primary liquidity to meet demand is provided by short-term liquid assets that can be converted to cash, maturing securities and the ability to obtain funds from external sources. The Company's Asset/Liability Committee has direct oversight responsibility for the Company's liquidity position and profile. Management considers both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet items in its evaluation of liquidity.

The balance of liquid assets consists of cash and cash equivalents, which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions, federal funds sold and money market funds. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $220.7 million at March 31, 2025, a decrease of $129.1 million, or 36.9%, from December 31, 2024. At March 31, 2025, these assets represented 9.5% of total assets and are the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ primary source of liquidity to meet future expected and unexpected loan demand, depositor withdrawals or reductions in accounts and drafts payable.

Secondary sources of liquidity include the investment portfolio and borrowing lines. Total investment securities were $576.5 million at March 31, 2025, an increase of $48.5 million from December 31, 2024. These assets represented 24.9% of total assets at March 31, 2025. Of the total portfolio, 1.2% mature in one year, 15.7% mature in one to five years, and 83.1% mature in five or more years.

The Bank has unsecured lines of credit at six correspondent banks to purchase federal funds up to a maximum of $83.0 million in aggregate. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank also has secured lines of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of $219.8 million collateralized by mortgage loans. The Company also has secured lines of credit from three banks up to a maximum of $250.0 million in aggregate collateralized by investment securities. There were no amounts outstanding under any line of credit as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

The deposits of the Company's banking subsidiary have historically been stable, consisting of a sizable volume of core deposits related to customers that utilize other commercial products of the Bank, including CassPay and faith-based customers. The accounts and drafts payable generated by the Company has also historically been a stable source of funds. The Company is part of the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) deposit placement programs. Time deposits include $55.7 million of CDARS deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits include $175.5 million of ICS deposits. These programs offer the Bank’s customers the ability to maximize Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage. The Company uses these programs to retain or attract deposits from existing customers.

Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $21.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $9.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $11.7 million. Net cash flows from investing and financing activities fluctuate greatly as the Company actively manages its investment and loan portfolios and customer activity influences changes in deposit and accounts and drafts payable balances. Other causes for the changes in these account balances are discussed earlier in this report. Due to the daily fluctuations in these account balances, the analysis of changes in average balances, also discussed earlier in this report, can be more indicative of underlying activity than the period-end balances used in the statements of cash flows. Management anticipates that cash and cash equivalents, maturing investments and cash from operations will continue to be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations and capital expenditures in 2025, which are estimated to range from $6 million to $8 million.

Net income plus amortization of intangible assets, net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities and depreciation of premises and equipment was $11.1 million and $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The first quarter of 2025 reflected higher net income of $1.8 million and higher depreciation of $313,000, partially offset by a decrease in net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities of $572,000. The net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities is dependent on the type of securities purchased and changes in the prevailing market interest rate environment.

Other factors impacting the $11.7 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities include:

•An increase in other operating activities, net of $7.6 million, primarily due to changes in various other assets and liabilities related to client funding and reimbursements;

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•A change in the level of the decrease in accounts receivable of $1.6 million;

•An increase in the provision for credit losses of $810,000 primarily due to the increase in the loan portfolio; and

•A change in the level of the increase in income tax liability of $596,000.

The Company faces market risk to the extent that its net interest income and fair market value of equity are affected by changes in market interest rates. For information regarding the market risk of the Company’s financial instruments, see Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

There are several trends and uncertainties that may impact the Company’s ability to generate revenues and income at the levels that it has in the past. Those that could significantly impact the Company include the general levels of interest rates, business activity, inflation, and energy costs as well as new business opportunities available to the Company. For more detailed information on these trends and uncertainties and how they can generally affect the Company’s available liquidity, see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity” in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.

As a bank holding company, the Company and the Bank are subject to capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines, and, for banks, prompt correct action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weighting, and other factors. In addition, the calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations. For example, as allowed under the Basel III Capital Rules, the Company has elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income in common equity Tier 1 capital. For more information on these regulatory requirements, including the Basel III Capital Rules and capital classifications, see Item 1, "Business-Supervision and Regulation" and Item 8, Note 2, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of the Company's 2024 Form 10-K.

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The Company and the Bank continue to exceed all regulatory capital requirements, as evidenced by the following capital amounts and ratios:


	Actual				Capital Requirements				Requirement to be Well-Capitalized
(In thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio
At March 31, 2025
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	$	262,084	14.94	%	$	140,378	8.00	%	$ N/A	N/A %
Cass Commercial Bank	210,244		17.89		94,032		8.00		117,540	10.00
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	247,510		14.11		78,962		4.50		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	196,429		16.71		52,893		4.50		76,401	6.50
Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	247,510		14.11		105,283		6.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	196,429		16.71		70,524		6.00		94,032	8.00
Tier I capital (to average assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	247,510		10.39		95,301		4.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	196,429		13.04		60,235		4.00		75,294	5.00
At December 31, 2024
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	$	261,021	14.61	%	$	142,969	8.00	%	$ N/A	N/A %
Cass Commercial Bank	207,519		17.68		93,911		8.00		117,389	10.00
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	247,354		13.84		80,420		4.50		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	194,446		16.56		52,825		4.50		76,303	6.50
Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	247,354		13.84		107,226		6.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	194,446		16.56		70,433		6.00		93,911	8.00
Tier I capital (to average assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	247,354		10.57		93,625		4.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	194,446		13.50		57,620		4.00		72,026	5.00

Impact of New or Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2023, the FASB issued 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative ("ASU 2023-06"). This ASU amends the ASC to incorporate certain disclosure requirements from SEC Release No. 33-10532 - Disclosure Update and Simplification that was issued in 2018. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 820): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). This ASU expands segment disclosure requirements for public entities to require disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment's profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after

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December 15, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements. See Note 6 to our financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). This ASU requires public business entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes and to provide more details about the reconciling items in some categories if items meet a quantitative threshold. It also requires all entities to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes for annual periods and to disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold, among other things. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, though early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company has prepared the consolidated financial statements in this report in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates have been generally accurate in the past, have been consistent and have not required any material changes. There can be no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates. The accounting policy that requires significant management estimates and is deemed critical to the Company’s results of operations or financial position has been discussed with the Audit and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors and is described below.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company performs periodic and systematic detailed reviews of its loan portfolio to determine management’s estimate of the lifetime expected credit losses. Although these estimates are based on established methodologies for determining allowance requirements, actual results can differ significantly from estimated results. These policies affect both segments of the Company. The impact and associated risks related to these policies on the Company’s business operations are discussed in the “Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Unfunded Commitments” section of this report.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As described in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company manages its interest rate risk through measurement techniques that include gap analysis and a simulation model. As part of the risk management process, asset/liability management policies are established and monitored by management.

The following table summarizes simulated changes in net interest income versus unchanged rates over the next 12 months as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


	% change in projected net interest income
		March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
+200 basis points		7.2	%	9.0	%
+100 basis points		3.3	%	4.4	%
Flat rates		—	%	—	%
-100 basis points		(0.3)	%	0.2	%
-200 basis points		(1.1)	%	(1.3)	%

The Company is generally asset sensitive as average interest-earning assets of $2.10 billion for the first quarter of 2025 greatly exceeded average interest-bearing liabilities of $628.2 million. The table above on the projected impact of interest rate shocks results from a static balance sheet at March 31, 2025.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report and concluded that, as of such date, these controls and procedures were effective.

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There were no changes in the first quarter of 2025 in the Company's internal control over financial reporting identified by the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer in connection with their evaluation that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is the subject of various pending or threatened legal actions and proceedings, including those that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management believes the outcome of all such proceedings will not have a material effect on the businesses or financial conditions of the Company or its subsidiaries.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The Company has included in Part I, Item 1A of its 2024 Form 10-K, a description of certain risks and uncertainties that could affect the Company’s business, future performance or financial condition (the “Risk Factors”). There are no material changes to the Risk Factors as disclosed in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased shares of its common stock as follows:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2)	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2025–January 31, 2025	66,063	$	41.93	29,051	289,530
February 1, 2025–February 28, 2025	44,558	43.91		44,558	244,972
March 1, 2025–March 31, 2025	42,500	44.01		42,500	202,472
Total	153,121	$	43.08	116,109	202,472

(1)During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, there were 116,109 shares repurchased pursuant to the Company's publicly announced treasury stock buyback program and 37,012 shares transferred from employees in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock.

(2)The Board of Directors authorized the treasury stock buyback program on October 17, 2023, announced by the Company on October 19, 2023. The program provides that the Company may repurchase up to an aggregate of 500,000 shares of common stock and has no expiration date.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

(a)None.

(b)There have been no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors implemented in the first quarter of 2025.

(c)During the three months ended March 31, 2025, none of the Company's officers or directors adopted or terminated any "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit 31.1 Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 31.2 Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 32.1 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 32.2 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 101.INS XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

Exhibit 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

Exhibit 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*Management contract or compensatory plan arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC.

DATE: May 7, 2025	By	/s/ Martin H. Resch
		Martin H. Resch
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)



DATE: May 7, 2025	By	/s/ Michael J. Normile
		Michael J. Normile
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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PART I – Financial Information
Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	Consolidated Balance Sheets March 31, 202 5 (unaudited) and December 31, 202 4	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income Three Months Ended March 31, 202 5 and 202 4 (unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Three Months Ended March 31, 202 5 and 202 4 (unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Three Months Ended March 31, 202 5 and 202 4 (unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Three Months Ended March 31, 202 5 and 202 4 (unaudited)	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	23
Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	34
Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	34
PART II – Other Information – Items 1. – 6.		36
SIGNATURES		38

Cass Information Systems - 10-Q quarterly report FY2025 Q1

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