Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
☐
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report,
Commission file number: 001-37723
ENEL CHILE S.A.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
CHILE
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Santa Rosa 76, Santiago, Chile
(Address of principal executive offices)
Isabela Klemes, phone: (56-2) 2353-4400, ir.enelchile@enel.com, Av. Santa Rosa 76, Piso 15, Comuna de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
(Name, Telephone, E-mail, and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
American Depositary Shares Representing Common Stock
ENIC
New York Stock Exchange
Common Stock, no par value *
*
US$ 1,000,000,000 4.875% Notes due June 12, 2028
ENIC28
_____________________
Listed, not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares, under the Securities and Exchange Commission’s requirements.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report
Shares of Common Stock: 69,166,557,220
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☒ Yes ☐ No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer ☒
Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-accelerated Filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards † provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ◻
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b) ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ☐
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒
Other ☐
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
Enel Chile’s Simplified Organizational Structure(1)
As of December 31, 2022
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
GLOSSARY
3
INTRODUCTION
6
PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION
7
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
9
PART I
Item 1.
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
10
Item 2.
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Item 3.
Key Information
Item 4.
Information on the Company
27
Item 4A.
Unresolved Staff Comments
57
Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees
85
Item 7.
Major Shareholders and Related-Party Transactions
91
Item 8.
Financial Information
94
Item 9.
The Offer and Listing
96
Item 10.
Additional Information
97
Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
116
Item 12.
Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
120
PART II
Item 13.
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
121
Item 14.
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Item 15.
Controls and Procedures
Item 16.
Reserved
122
Item 16A.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
Item 16B.
Code of Ethics
Item 16C.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
125
Item 16D.
Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
126
Item 16E.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Item 16F.
Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Item 16G.
Corporate Governance
Item 16H.
Mine Safety Disclosure
127
Item 16I.
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
PART III
Item 17.
Financial Statements
128
Item 18.
Item 19.
Exhibits
2
ADR
American Depositary Receipt(s)
A certificate issued by our depositary that represents ADS, or American Depositary Shares.
ADS
American Depositary Share(s)
An equity interest in our company that is issued by Citibank, N.A., as the depositary, in respect of shares of our company held by the depositary. Each ADS represents 50 shares and ADS are traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
AFP
Administradora de Fondos de Pensiones
A legal entity that manages a Chilean pension fund.
CEN
Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional
The Chilean system operator. An autonomous entity in charge of coordinating the efficient operation of the SEN, dispatching generation units to satisfy demand, and known as the National Electricity Coordinator.
Chilean Stock Exchanges
The two stock exchanges located in Chile: the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Electronic Stock Exchange.
CMF
Comisión para el Mercado Financiero
Chilean Financial Market Commission, the governmental authority that supervises the financial markets.
CNE
Comisión Nacional de Energía
Chilean National Energy Commission, a governmental entity with responsibilities under the Chilean regulatory framework.
EGP Chile
Enel Green Power Chile S.A.
A Chilean corporation engaged in non-conventional renewable electricity generation and a subsidiary of Enel Chile.
Enel
Enel S.p.A.
An Italian company with multinational operations in the power and gas markets, with a 64.93% ownership of Enel Chile as of December 31, 2022, and our ultimate parent company.
Enel Américas
Enel Américas S.A.
An affiliated Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporation headquartered in Chile, with subsidiaries engaged primarily in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru, controlled by Enel.
Enel Chile
Enel Chile S.A.
Our company, a Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporation, with subsidiaries engaged primarily in the generation and distribution of electricity in Chile. The registrant of this Report.
Enel Colina
Enel Colina S.A.
A subsidiary of Enel Distribution engaged in electricity distribution in Chile, formerly known as Empresa Eléctrica de Colina Ltda.
Enel Distribution
Enel Distribución Chile S.A.
A Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporation engaged in electricity distribution and a subsidiary of Enel Chile operating in the Santiago Metropolitan Region.
Enel Generation
Enel Generación Chile S.A.
A Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporation engaged in electricity generation and a subsidiary of Enel Chile.
Enel Transmission
Enel Transmisión Chile S.A.
A Chilean corporation engaged in electricity transformation and transmission and a former subsidiary of Enel Chile. We sold Enel Transmission on December 9, 2022.
Enel X Chile
Enel X Chile S.p.A.
A Chilean closely held limited liability stock corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiary, engaged in providing services associated with new technologies, with a strategic focus on digitalization, innovation, and sustainability.
IFRS
International Financial Reporting Standards
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
LNG
Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied natural gas, a fuel for our thermal power plants.
NCRE
Non-Conventional Renewable Energy
Energy sources continuously replenished by natural processes, such as biomass, geothermal, mini-hydro, solar, tidal, or wind energy.
PMGD
Pequeños Medios de Generación Distribuida
A Chilean regime for distributed generation facilities.
OSM
Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting
4
Pehuenche
Empresa Eléctrica Pehuenche S.A.
A Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporation engaged in the electricity generation business and a subsidiary of Enel Generation.
SAIDI
System Average Interruption Duration Index
Index of average duration of interruption in the power supply.
SAIFI
System Average Interruption Frequency Index
Index of average frequency of interruptions in the power supply.
SEN
Sistema Eléctrico Nacional
The National Electricity System is the Chilean national interconnected electricity system.
UF
Unidad de Fomento
Chilean inflation-indexed, Chilean peso-denominated monetary unit, equivalent to Ch$ 35,110.98 as of December 31, 2022.
VAD
Valor Agregado de distribución
Value-added from distribution of electricity.
5
As used in this Report on Form 20-F (“Report”), first-person personal pronouns such as “we,” “us,” or “our,” as well as “Enel Chile” or the “Company,” refer to Enel Chile S.A. and our consolidated subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise noted, our interest in our principal subsidiaries and jointly controlled companies and associates is expressed in terms of our economic interest as of December 31, 2022.
We are a Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporation organized on March 1, 2016, under the laws of the Republic of Chile as a result of a corporate reorganization completed in 2016 by the former Enersis S.A., which separated its Chilean businesses from its non-Chilean businesses.
We are engaged in electricity generation and distribution businesses in Chile through our subsidiaries and affiliates. We own 93.55% of Enel Generación Chile S.A. (“Enel Generation”), a Chilean electricity generation company with operations in Chile, 99.99% of Enel Green Power Chile S.A. (“EGP Chile”), a Chilean renewable electricity generation company, and 99.09% of Enel Distribución Chile S.A. (“Enel Distribution”), a Chilean electricity distribution company that operates in the Santiago Metropolitan Region.
As of the date of this Report, Enel S.p.A. (“Enel”), an Italian energy company with multinational operations in the power and gas markets, owns 64.93% of us and is our ultimate controlling shareholder.
In this Report, unless otherwise specified, references to “U.S. dollars” or “US$,” are to dollars of the United States of America (“United States”); references to “pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos, the currency of Chile; references to “EUR” or “€” are to Euro, the currency of the European Union and references to “UF” are to Unidades de Fomento. The UF is a Chilean inflation-indexed, a peso-denominated monetary unit that is adjusted daily to reflect changes in the official Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) of the Chilean National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas or “INE”). The UF is adjusted in monthly cycles. Each day in the period beginning on the tenth day of the current month through the ninth day of the succeeding month, the nominal peso value of the UF is indexed to reflect a proportionate amount of the change in the Chilean CPI during the prior calendar month. As of December 31, 2022, one UF was equivalent to Ch$ 35,110.98. The U.S. dollar equivalent of one UF was US$ 41.02 as of December 31, 2022, using the Observed Exchange Rate reported by the Central Bank of Chile (Banco Central de Chile) as of December 31, 2022, of Ch$ 855.86 per US$ 1.00. The U.S. dollar observed exchange rate (dólar observado) (the “Observed Exchange Rate”), which is reported by the Central Bank of Chile and published daily on its web page, is the weighted-average exchange rate of the previous business day’s transactions in the Formal Exchange Market. Unless the context specifies otherwise, all amounts translated from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars or vice versa, or from UF to Chilean pesos, have been made at the rates applicable as of December 31, 2022. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos. No representation is made that the Chilean peso or U.S. dollar amounts disclosed in this Report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Chilean pesos, at such rate or any other rate.
Our consolidated financial statements and, unless otherwise indicated, other financial information concerning us included in this Report are presented in Chilean pesos. We have prepared our consolidated financial statements under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). All our subsidiaries are integrated, and all their assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and cash flows are included in the consolidated financial statements after making the adjustments and eliminations related to intra-group transactions. Our interest in associated companies over which we exercise significant influence is included in our consolidated financial statements using the equity method. For detailed information regarding consolidated entities, jointly controlled entities, and associated companies, see Note 2.4, Note 2.5, and Note 2.6 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
Technical Terms
References to “TW” are to terawatts (1012 watts or a trillion watts); references to “GW” and “GWh” are to gigawatts (109 watts or a billion watts) and gigawatt-hours, respectively; references to “MW” and “MWh” are to megawatts (106 watts or a million watts) and megawatt-hours, respectively; references to “kW” and “kWh” are to kilowatts (103 watts or a thousand watts) and kilowatt-hours, respectively; references to “kV” are to kilovolts, and references to “MVA” are to megavolt amperes. References to “BTU” and “MBTU” are to British thermal unit and million British thermal units, respectively. A “BTU” is an energy unit equal to approximately 1,055 joules. References to “Hz” are to hertz, and references to “mtpa” are to metric tons per annum. Unless otherwise indicated, statistics provided in this Report concerning the installed capacity of electricity generation facilities are expressed in MW. One TW equals 1,000 GW, one GW equals 1,000 MW, and one MW equals 1,000 kW. The installed capacity we present in this Report corresponds to the net installed capacity, which excludes the MW that each power plant consumes for its operation. Prior to 2022, we presented gross installed capacity figures, which did not exclude the MW that each power plant consumes for its operation.
Statistics relating to aggregate annual electricity production are expressed in GWh and based on a year of 8,760 hours, except for a leap year like 2020, which is based instead on 8,784 hours. Statistics relating to installed capacity and production of the electricity industry do not include electricity of self-generators.
Energy losses experienced by generation companies during transmission are calculated by subtracting the number of GWh of energy sold from the number of GWh of energy generated (excluding their energy consumption and losses on the part of the power plant) within a given period. Losses are expressed as a percentage of total energy generated.
Energy losses during distribution are calculated as the difference between total energy purchased (GWh of electricity demand, including own generation) and the energy sold excluding tolls and energy consumption not billed (also measured in GWh), within a given period. Distribution losses are expressed as a percentage of the total energy purchased. Losses in distribution arise from illegally tapped energy as well as technical losses.
Calculation of Economic Interest
In this Report, references are made to the “economic interest” of Enel Chile in its related companies. We have direct and/or indirect interests in such companies. In circumstances in which we do not directly own an interest in an affiliated company, our economic interest in such ultimate affiliated company is calculated by multiplying the percentage of economic interest in a directly held affiliated company by the percentage of economic interest of any entity in the ownership chain of such affiliated company. For example, if we directly own a 6% equity stake in an affiliated company and 40% is directly held by our 60%-owned subsidiary, our economic interest in such an associate would be 60% times 40% plus 6%, equal to 30%.
Rounding
Figures included in this Report have been rounded for ease of presentation. Due to rounding, the sums in tables do not always exactly equal the sums of the entries.
8
This Report contains statements that are or may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements appear throughout this Report and include statements regarding our intent, belief, or current expectations, including but not limited to any statements concerning:
Because such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to:
You should not place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. Our independent registered public accounting firm has not examined or compiled the forward-looking statements and, accordingly, does not provide any assurance concerning such statements. You should consider these cautionary statements together with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements contained in this Report to reflect later events or circumstances or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.
For all these forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Item 3. Key Information
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds.
D.
Risk Factors.
Risk Related to Our Business
Material Risks Related to Our Business
Our businesses depend heavily on hydrology and are affected by droughts, flooding, storms, ocean currents, and other chronic changes in climatic and weather conditions as a result of climate change.
Climate change is a major global challenge that exposes our businesses to a variety of medium- and long-term risks. Our generation business has been in the past and could be in the future negatively affected by arid hydrological conditions, which has and could negatively affect our ability to dispatch energy from our hydroelectric generation facilities. Our operations and results have been adversely affected when hydrological conditions in Chile have been significantly below average, as has been the case for much of the period since 2007.
Our subsidiary Enel Generation has entered into certain agreements with the Chilean government and local irrigators regarding water use for hydroelectric generation purposes during low water levels. However, if droughts persist, we have and may in the future face increased pressure from the Chilean government or other third parties to further restrict our water use, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our distribution business is also affected by inclement weather conditions. With extreme temperatures, demand for electricity can increase significantly within a short period, affecting service and resulting in service outages that has resulted and may in the future result in the imposition of fines on our distribution business. Furthermore, with increased severity and frequency of extreme climate events, such as cyclones and floods, heavy rainfall or snowfall may occur in a short period of time, accompanied by windstorms and lightning. These events may damage our power distribution infrastructure, resulting in service outages. As a result, depending on weather conditions, our distribution business results can vary significantly from year to year. For example,
as a result of severe rainstorms in June 2017, with high wind gusts that brought down part of the electric network, 125,000 of our customers, or 7%, were left without electricity. In July 2017, an intense snowstorm over the Santiago Metropolitan Region caused massive damage to the electrical infrastructure, and a blackout affected 342,000, or 18%, of our customers and 17% of our feeders. These events significantly increased our costs in 2017 due to emergency responses implemented, including payments related to damage compensation, fines, line maintenance, and tree trimming programs.
Our operating expenses also increase during drought periods when thermal power plants, which have higher operating costs relative to hydroelectric power plants, are dispatched more frequently to make up the electricity generation deficit from reduced hydroelectric generation. In addition, our thermal power plants generate greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions. Depending on our commercial obligations, we may need to buy electricity at higher spot prices to comply with our contractual supply obligations. Beyond increasing our operating costs, the cost of these electricity purchases has exceeded and may in the future exceed our contracted electricity sale prices, thus potentially producing losses from those contracts. For example, in 2022, spot prices reached historic highs, resulting in losses from certain contracts. For further information concerning the effect of hydrology on our business and financial results, please refer to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results —1. Discussion of Main Factors Affecting Operating Results and Financial Condition of the Company —a. Generation Business.”
Droughts also indirectly affect the operation of our thermal power plants, principally our facilities that use natural gas or diesel fuel. Our thermal power plants require water for cooling, and droughts may reduce water availability and increase transportation costs. As a result, we may have to purchase water from agricultural areas that are also experiencing water shortages in order to operate our thermal plants. These water purchases have and may continue to increase our operating costs and require us to negotiate further with the local communities. If such negotiations are unsuccessful, we may be unable to obtain the water necessary to operate our thermal power plants.
Recovery from current or future droughts affecting the regions in Chile where most of our hydroelectric power plants are located may take place over an extended period, and there can be no assurance that any recovery will reach pre-drought hydrological conditions or that any recovery will occur at all. Climate change may increase the likelihood of prolonged droughts and exacerbate the risks described above, which would have a further adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our non-conventional renewable energy businesses are also subject to physical, operational, and financial risks related to climate change effects.
The electricity generated by our solar and wind generation facilities is highly dependent on climate factors other than hydrology, including suitable solar and wind conditions, which, even under normal operating circumstances, can vary greatly. Climate change may also have long-term effects on wind patterns and the amount of solar energy received at a particular solar facility, reducing electricity generated by these facilities. Although we base our business decisions on solar and wind studies for each renewable energy facility, actual conditions may not conform to the findings of these studies. The solar and wind conditions may be negatively affected by changes in weather patterns, including the potential impact of climate change.
If our renewable energy production falls below anticipated levels, we may have to dispatch electricity from our backup thermal power plants to make up the electricity generation deficit. Our thermal power plants have higher operating costs than our renewable energy facilities and generate GHG emissions. We also have needed and may in the future need to buy electricity in the spot market to fulfill our solar and wind generation facilities’ contractual supply obligations, which may be at prices higher than the contracted electricity sales,
11
thus potentially producing losses from those contracts. These impacts have increased and could in the future increase our costs or result in losses and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We depend on distributions from our subsidiaries to meet our payment obligations.
We rely on cash from dividends, loans, interest payments, capital reductions, and other distributions from our subsidiaries to pay our obligations. Such payments and distributions may be subject to legal constraints, such as dividend restrictions, fiduciary obligations, contractual limitations, and foreign exchange controls imposed by local authorities.
Our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make loan payments or other distributions to us is limited by their operating results. To the extent that any of our subsidiaries’ cash requirements exceed their available cash, they will not be able to make funds available to us. Insufficient cash flows from our subsidiaries may result in their inability to meet debt obligations and the need to seek waivers to comply with some debt covenants. To a limited extent, these subsidiaries may require guarantees or other emergency measures from us as shareholders. For further details regarding financial support provided to our subsidiaries, please refer to “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related-Party Transactions — B. Related-Party Transactions.”
The inability to obtain distributions from our subsidiaries described above could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Construction and operation of power plants may encounter significant delays, stoppages, cost overruns, and stakeholder opposition that may damage our reputation and impair our goodwill with stakeholders.
Our power plant projects may be delayed in obtaining regulatory approvals or may face shortages and increases in the price of equipment, materials, or labor. They may be subject to construction delays, strikes, accidents, and human error. Any such event could negatively affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Market conditions may change significantly between the approval and completion of a project, which, in some cases, may decrease its profitability or render it impracticable. Deviations in market conditions, such as estimates of timing and expenditures, may lead to cost overruns and delays in project completion that widely exceed our initial forecasts. In turn, this may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We may develop new projects in locations with challenging geographical topography, such as mountain slopes, high altitudes, or other areas with limited access. Additionally, given some projects’ locations, there may be additional inherent risks to archaeological heritage sites. These factors may also lead to significant delays and cost overruns.
The operation of our thermal power plants may also affect our goodwill with stakeholders due to GHG emissions that could adversely affect the environment and local residents. In addition, communities might have their own interests and different perceptions of the company and may be influenced by other stakeholders or motivations unrelated to the project. Therefore, if the company fails to engage with its relevant stakeholders, we may face opposition, which could negatively affect our reputation, impact operations, or lead to litigation threats or actions.
12
Our reputation is the foundation of our relationship with key stakeholders and other constituencies. Any damage to our reputation may exert considerable pressure on regulators, creditors, and other stakeholders, possibly leading to the abandonment of projects and operations, which could cause our share prices to drop and hinder our ability to attract and retain valuable employees. Any of these outcomes could result in an impairment of our goodwill with stakeholders. If we do not effectively manage these sensitive issues, they could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our long-term electricity sales contracts are subject to fluctuations in the market prices of certain commodities, energy, and other factors.
We have exposure to fluctuations in certain commodity market prices that affect our long-term electricity sales contracts. These contracts commit our generation subsidiaries to material obligations as selling parties and contain prices indexed to different commodities, exchange rates, inflation, and the market price of electricity. Unfavorable changes to these indices would reduce the rates we can charge under these contracts, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are subject to incremental risks in distribution markets that are becoming more liberalized.
In our distribution business, some customers who meet certain requirements are free to choose between regulated and unregulated tariffs. Since 2016, some customers who had freely chosen regulated tariffs have switched to the unregulated tariff regime due to lower prices. These customers are tendering their electricity needs, either directly or in association with other customers, because regulated tariffs are currently higher than unregulated tariffs due to the former being based on contracts tendered in the past at higher prices. Lower market prices may reduce the number of customers who choose regulated tariffs as they choose an alternative energy provider, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
If third-party electricity transmission facilities, gas pipeline infrastructure, or fuel supply contracts fail to provide us with adequate service, we may be unable to deliver the electricity we sell to our final customers.
We depend on transmission facilities owned and operated by other companies to deliver the electricity we sell. This dependence exposes us to several risks. If the transmission is disrupted, or its capacity is inadequate, we may be unable to sell and deliver our electricity, particularly electricity generated by our solar and wind plants, which requires more flexibility. If a region’s power transmission infrastructure is inadequate, our recovery of sales costs and profits may be insufficient. If restrictive transmission price regulations are imposed, transmission companies that we rely on may not have sufficient incentives to invest in expanding their infrastructure, which could unfavorably affect our results of operations and financial condition or affect our ability to deploy our portfolio of projects under development. The construction of new transmission lines may take longer than in the past, mainly because of sustainability, social, and environmental requirements that create uncertainties regarding project completion timing. As a result, renewable energy generation projects are being completed faster than new transmission projects, creating a backlog of electricity that is difficult to transmit through current transmission systems. Also, our thermal power plants connected to natural gas pipelines are subject to stoppages should material disruptions in the pipeline occur. Stoppages could force us to purchase electricity at spot market prices, which could be higher than the contracted fixed sale price to customers. This scenario could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
13
Labor disputes, our inability to reach satisfactory collective bargaining agreements with our unionized employees or our inability to attract, train and retain key employees could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and reputation.
Our business relies on attracting and retaining many highly specialized employees, and a large percentage of our employees are members of unions with whom we have collective bargaining agreements that must be renewed regularly. Our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be unfavorably affected by a failure to reach a collective bargaining agreement with any labor union or by a deal with a labor union that contains terms we view as unfavorable. Chilean law provides legal mechanisms for judicial authorities to impose a collective bargaining agreement if the parties cannot agree. Specific actions such as strikes, walkouts, or work stoppages by these unionized employees could negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, and reputation.
In addition, we may experience shortages of qualified key personnel. In April 2021, we announced an employee Voluntary Retirement Program, open to men at least 60 and women at least 55 years old, with incentives for qualifying employees who accept retirement. This program may reduce our headcount by more than our ability to hire new employees to fill key positions. There can be no assurances that we will be able to attract, train, or retain key personnel or be able to do so without costs or delays, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and reputation.
We may be unable to enter into suitable acquisitions or successfully integrate businesses that we acquire.
On an ongoing basis, we carry out mergers and review acquisition prospects to expand our operations, which may increase our market coverage or provide synergies with our existing businesses. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify and acquire suitable companies in the future. The acquisition and integration of independent companies that we do not control may be a complicated, costly, and time-consuming process that may strain our resources and relationships with our employees and customers.
These mergers and acquisitions may not ultimately be successful or achieve the expected benefits and may encounter delays or difficulties in connection with the integration of their operations due to several factors, including but not limited to:
Any of these risks encountered in the integration process could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, expenses, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Interruption in or failure of our information technology, control, and communications systems or cyberattacks to or cybersecurity breaches of these systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We operate in an industry that requires the continued operation of sophisticated information technology, control, and communications systems (“IT Systems”) and network infrastructure. We use our IT Systems and network infrastructure to create, collect, use, disclose, store, dispose of, and otherwise process sensitive information, including company and customer data and personal information regarding customers, employees and their dependents, contractors, shareholders, and other individuals. IT Systems are critical to controlling and monitoring our power plants’ operations, maintaining generation and network performance, monitoring smart grids, managing billing processes and customer service platforms, achieving operating efficiencies, and meeting our service targets and standards in our generation and distribution businesses. The operation of our generation system is dependent not only on the physical interconnection of our facilities with the electricity network infrastructure but also on communications among the various parties connected to the network. The reliance on IT Systems to manage information and communication among those parties has increased significantly since the implementation of smart meters and intelligent grids in Chile.
Our generation and distribution facilities, IT Systems, and other infrastructure and the information processed in our IT Systems could be affected by cybersecurity incidents, including those caused by human error. Cybersecurity incidents have evolved dramatically in recent years, and the number of incidents and their degree of impact have grown exponentially, making it increasingly difficult to identify their source in a timely manner. Our industry has begun to see an increase in the volume and sophistication of cybersecurity incidents from international activist organizations, nation-states, and individuals. In this context, proper cybersecurity risk management must be addressed with a long-term strategy leveraging a proactive approach and iterative actions performed over time. Approaching cyber-risk with a single initiative cannot be considered an efficient and effective strategy to manage and reduce risks related to cybersecurity.
Cybersecurity incidents could harm our business by limiting our generation and distribution capabilities, delaying our development and construction of new facilities or capital improvement projects to existing facilities, disrupting our customer operations, or exposing us to various events that could increase our liability exposure. Our generation and distribution business systems are part of an interconnected system. Given the role of electricity as a vital resource in modern society, a widespread or prolonged disruption caused by the impact of a cybersecurity incident in the electric transmission grid, network infrastructure, fuel sources, or our third-party service providers’ operations could have broad socio-economic ramifications across households, businesses, and vital institutions, which could unfavorably affect our business.
Our businesses require the collection and storage of personally identifiable information of our customers, employees, and shareholders, who expect that we will adequately protect the privacy of such information. Cybersecurity breaches may expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of confidential and proprietary information. Significant theft, loss, or fraudulent use of information, or other unauthorized disclosure of personal or sensitive data, may lead to high costs to notify and protect the impacted persons. It could cause us to become subject to significant litigation, losses, liability, fines, or penalties, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and reputation. We may also be required to incur significant costs associated with governmental actions in response to such intrusions or strengthen our information and electronic control systems.
The cybersecurity threat is dynamic, evolving, and increasing in sophistication, magnitude, and frequency. We may be unable to implement adequate preventive measures or accurately assess the likelihood of a cybersecurity incident. We are unable to quantify the potential impact of cybersecurity incidents on our business
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and reputation. These potential cybersecurity incidents and corresponding regulatory action could result in a material decrease in revenues and high additional costs, such as penalties, third-party claims, repairs, increased insurance expense, litigation, notification and remediation, security, and compliance costs.
Material Risks Related to Regulatory Matters
Governmental regulations may unfavorably affect our businesses, cause delays, impede the development of new projects, or increase the costs of operations and capital expenditures.
Our electricity businesses are subject to extensive regulation, inspections, and audits. The tariffs we charge to our customers are a result of a tariff-setting process defined by regulators, which may negatively affect our profitability. Our business is also exposed to the decision of governmental authorities regarding material rationing policies during droughts or prolonged power outages, or regulatory changes that may unfavorably affect our future operations and profitability.
For example, in the context of the social crisis that began in October 2019, the government enacted Law No. 21,185, which established a transitory mechanism for stabilizing customers’ electricity prices under the regulated price system. The mechanism eliminates the price increase of 9.2% that would have been applied to regulated customers as of July 2019 and defers the price increase for the sale of electricity under contracts between generation and distribution companies that start before 2021. A price stabilization funding program was implemented by the National Energy Commission (“CNE” in its Spanish acronym) and is effectively financed by companies in the generation industry, including our subsidiaries Enel Generation and, to a lesser extent, EGP Chile through accounts receivable that are generated by the differences between the contractual rates and the stabilized rates, which are expected to enable the generation companies to recover the lost revenues by December 31, 2027. We have suffered and expect to continue to suffer a financial loss due to this revenue deferral because generation companies are being asked to finance such deferral until billing differences begin to accrue financial remuneration in 2026.
In December 2019, the Ministry of Energy’s Law No. 21,194 (the “Distribution Tariff Law”) lowered the profitability of distribution companies and modified the electricity distribution tariff process. Among other things, the new law reduced the rate for calculating annual investment costs from 10% to a percentage calculated by the CNE every four years (which will be a yearly after-tax rate of between 6% and 8%) and established that the after-tax rate of return for each distribution company must be between three percentage points below and two percentage points above the rate calculated by the CNE.
In August 2020, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Energy’s Law No. 21,249 (“Ley de Servicios Básicos” or the Basic Services Law) was enacted to prohibit electricity distribution companies from cutting services due to late payment for 90 days following the publication of the law for residential customers, small businesses, hospitals, and firefighters, among others. Unpaid amounts accrued from March 18, 2020, to November 30, 2020, may be paid in up to 12 equal and consecutive monthly installments, beginning in December 2020. The monthly installments may not include fines, interest, or associated expenses. In December 2021, the Chilean association of power distribution companies (“Empresas Eléctricas”) announced that its members (CGE, Chilquinta, Enel Distribution, and Grupo Saesa) would extend until January 31, 2022, the prohibition on cutting service to customers for non-payment of electricity bills, despite the law expiring on December 31, 2021.
On December 29, 2020, Law No. 21,301 was ratified and extended the Basic Services Law, increasing the prohibition on cutting off services from 90 days to 270 days, as well as the maximum number of monthly installments from 12 to 36. On May 13, 2021, Law No. 21,340 was enacted, which extended the effects of the
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Basic Services Law until December 31, 2021, and increased the maximum number of monthly installments from 36 to 48.
On February 11, 2022, Law No. 21,423 established a payment schedule for all debts arising from the application of Law No. 21,249, through which customers may pay their debt in 48 equal monthly installments, with a maximum limit equivalent to 15% of their average billing. Distribution companies will absorb 50% of all debt not repaid within the 48 monthly installments, and the remaining 50% will be applied to the distribution tariffs in the tariff process that will be carried out after the expiration of the 48-installment period.
In July 2022, the Chilean Congress passed Law No. 21,472, which complements Law No. 21,185 by creating a new stabilization fund program and establishing a new transitory mechanism for stabilizing customers’ electricity prices under the regulated price system. The purpose of the mechanism is to limit the increase in electricity bills for regulated customers during 2022 and to allow such increases to occur gradually over the next 10 years. Other Chilean electricity sector regulations may also affect our generation companies’ ability to collect revenues sufficient to cover their operating costs and adversely affect our future profitability.
As a result of the application of the laws mentioned above as of December 31, 2022, our current and non-current accounts receivables increased, revenues from energy sales decreased, costs from energy purchases decreased, and financial income increased due to lower financial costs. Please see Note 9 and Note 34 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Our operating subsidiaries are also subject to environmental regulations that, among other things, require us to perform environmental impact studies on future projects and obtain construction and operating permits from local and national regulators. Governmental authorities may withhold or delay the approval of these permits until the completion of environmental impact studies, sometimes unexpectedly. Environmental regulations for existing and future generation capacity have become stricter and require increased capital investments. Any delay in meeting the required emission standards may constitute a violation of environmental regulations. Failure to certify the original implementation and ongoing emission standard requirements of monitoring systems may result in significant penalties and sanctions or legal claims for damages. We expect that more restrictive emission limits will be established in the future. We are also subject to an annual “green tax” based on our GHG emissions in the previous year. Such taxes may increase in the future and discourage thermal electricity generation.
Proposed changes in the regulatory framework are often submitted to legislators and administrative authorities. Some of these changes, if implemented, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our business faces risks from the Chilean government’s decarbonization efforts.
In June 2019, the Chilean government announced its plan to phase out coal entirely from its energy mix by 2040 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Our subsidiary Enel Generation signed an agreement with the Chilean Ministry of Energy defining the process for the closures of our coal-fired power plants: Tarapacá (158 MW), Bocamina I (128 MW), and Bocamina II (350 MW). We closed the Tarapacá plant in December 2019, the Bocamina I plant in December 2020, and the Bocamina II plant in September 2022, well ahead of the Bocamina II plant’s scheduled deadline of December 31, 2040. In doing so, we became the first generation company in the Chilean electricity sector to completely remove coal from its generation operations. However, our efforts to decarbonize our energy matrix by closing coal-fired power plants might be insufficient if our renewable energy projects suffer delays and do not enter into operation on schedule.
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Even though the Chilean government’s plan to achieve decarbonization may overlap with our sustainability strategy, the governmental targets’ actual implementation may exert considerable pressure on us and our ability to satisfy our contractual obligations with other cleaner sources. In turn, this may increase our expenses, decrease our profitability, and limit our ability to satisfy fully customers’ electricity demands.
Our business and profitability could be unfavorably affected if water rights are denied, if water concessions are granted with a limited duration, or if the cost of water rights is increased.
The Chilean Water Authority (“Dirección General de Aguas”) grants us water rights for water supply from rivers and lakes near our generation facilities. Currently, these water rights:
Any revocation of or limitations on our current water rights (including as a result of changes to the Chilean constitution), additional water rights, or the duration of our water concessions or increase in the cost of water rights could have a material adverse effect on our hydroelectric development projects and profitability.
We are subject to potential business and financial risks resulting from climate change legislation and regulation to limit GHG emissions.
Climate change legislation and regulation restricting or regulating GHG emissions could increase our operating costs and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The adoption and implementation of any international treaty, legislation, or regulation imposing new or additional reporting obligations or limiting emissions of GHGs from our operations could require us to incur additional costs to comply with such requirements and possibly require the reduction or limitation of GHG emissions associated with our operations. These higher compliance standards, such as net zero emissions, may require higher levels of investment in new, more efficient technologies. Failure to monitor or delay the adoption of new technologies may jeopardize our ability to adapt to climate change and may involve additional costs to operate and maintain our equipment and facilities, install emission controls, or pay taxes and fees relating to GHG emissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We have experienced and may in the future experience increased interest in our environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) practices and commitments from our stakeholders, investors, and regulatory bodies. Failure to disclose, meet, or address our ESG practices or commitments could negatively impact our reputation, investment in our common stock and ADSs, or our access to capital markets.
Our goal is to reduce carbon emissions from our electric generation facilities to achieve net-zero CO2 emissions by 2040. We continue to monitor the financial and operational feasibility of taking more aggressive action to further reduce GHG emissions. Our strategic plan to replace older, fossil-fueled generation with zero-carbon emitting renewable generation will contribute to the achievement of our goals related to reducing CO2 emissions. However, our ability to achieve such goals depends on many external factors, including the development of relevant energy technologies and the ability to execute our capital plan. These efforts could
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impact how we operate our electric generating units and lead to increased competition and regulation, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.
Our ability to successfully execute our strategic plan, including the transition of our generation facilities and achievement of our CO2 emissions reduction targets, may affect customers’, investors’, legislators’, and regulators’ opinions and actions. If they have or develop a negative opinion of us due to increasing scrutiny of ESG practices or our failure to meet our announced ESG commitments, this could result in increased costs associated with regulatory oversight and could make it more difficult for our businesses to achieve favorable legislative or regulatory outcomes. In addition, increased focus and activism related to ESG matters may hinder our access to capital, as investors may decide to reallocate capital or to not commit capital as a result of their assessment of our ESG practices. Any of these consequences could adversely affect our reputation, investment in our securities, or our access to capital markets and negatively impact our results of operations, financial position, and liquidity.
Material Risks Related to Chile and Other Global Risks
Fluctuations in the Chilean economy, economic interventionist measures by governmental authorities, political and financial events, or other crises in Chile and other countries may affect our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and the value of our securities.
All our operations are in Chile. Accordingly, our consolidated revenues may be affected by the performance of the Chilean economy. We are exposed to political volatility and social unrest in Chile due to the challenges arising from changes in economic conditions, regulatory policies, and laws governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development, investments, and taxation. For example, in July 2022, the government of President Gabriel Boric sent the Chilean Congress a tax reform bill to modify income and value-added taxes, reduce tax exemptions and tax evasion, and introduce new taxes on wealth and mining. The reforms are in the initial stages of consideration and are expected to be discussed in the Chilean Congress during 2023.
Chile is also vulnerable to crises and uncertainties, as well as external shocks in other countries, such as financial and political events, that could cause significant economic difficulties and adversely affect economic growth in Chile. If Chile experiences lower-than-expected economic growth or a recession, it is likely that consumer demand for electricity will decrease and that some of our customers may have difficulties paying their electric bills, possibly increasing our uncollectible accounts, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Future adverse developments in Chile, including political events, financial or other crises, changes to policies regarding foreign exchange controls, regulations, and taxation, may impair our ability to execute our business plan and could adversely affect our growth, results of operations, and financial condition. Inflation, changes in interest rates, devaluation, social instability, and other political, economic, or diplomatic developments could also reduce our profitability. Economic and market conditions in Chilean financial and capital markets may be affected by international events, which could unfavorably affect the value of our securities and our ability to access the capital markets.
Changes to the Chilean Constitution could impact a wide range of rights, including water rights and property rights generally, and could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Following widespread protests and social unrest throughout Chile in October 2019, the Chilean government introduced several social reforms and implemented a constitutional convention process to draft a new Chilean Constitution to replace the current 1980 Constitution. A September 2022 national plebiscite
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rejected the proposed new constitution by 62% of the popular vote, leaving the current 1980 Constitution in place. However, widespread political support for a second constitutional process remains, and discussions about how to proceed with a new constitutional reform are ongoing. Any new constitution could alter the Chilean political situation, affect the Chilean economy, its business outlook, change existing rights to exploit natural resources, or change water and property rights, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
For example, the proposed new Chilean Constitution that was rejected in the September 2022 national plebiscite included a declaration that water is “non-appropriable” and would have significantly changed the current system of water rights if approved. There can be no assurance that a similar declaration would not be included in any new Chilean Constitution coming out of that process. Nor can there be any assurance that these reforms and proposals or a new constitution will resolve the social and economic concerns, or that mass protests or civil unrest will not resume. The long-term effects of this social unrest are hard to predict but could include slower economic growth, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We may be subject to the effects of the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
Global markets are currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty, volatility, and disruption as the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which began in February 2022, continues. The armed conflict and the economic sanctions imposed on Russia and certain Russian citizens and enterprises could have a negative effect on the global economy and are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Although we do not have direct business transactions with suppliers, clients, or lenders from Russia or Ukraine, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be impacted by (i) limited access to financial markets; (ii) possible interruptions in the global supply chain; (iii) volatility in commodity prices; and (iv) an increase in inflationary pressures in Chile, which could increase the rates charged to our customers.
We are subject to the adverse effects of worldwide pandemics.
In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, in 2020 the Chilean government declared a state of emergency (“estado de excepción constitucional de catástrofe”), instituted nighttime curfews, mandatory quarantines in affected areas, control of entrance, exit, and traffic within specified zones, the prohibition of mass gatherings, and the closing of public schools, among other measures. The private sector voluntarily took further actions, such as adopting telecommuting wherever possible and closing commercial offices.
All these measures, as well as other government restrictions, temporarily disrupted our business and operations, decreased the electricity demand, destabilized financial markets, negatively affected the global supply chain, and compromised our ability to generate income. These disruptions significantly impacted our 2020 performance.
In 2021 and 2022, the Chilean government lifted many of these restrictions, which increased the demand for electricity and positively impacted our net income in 2021 and 2022. For further information with respect to the pandemic effect on our business and financial results, please refer to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results.”
The recent emergence of new Covid-19 variants and increases in infection rates may result in a reimposition of governmental and private sector measures in response. If there is a resurgence of the Covid-19 pandemic or similar outbreaks in the future, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
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Foreign exchange risks may unfavorably affect our results and the U.S. dollar value of dividends payable to ADS holders.
Our functional currency is the Chilean peso, which has been subject to devaluations and appreciations against the U.S. dollar and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. In 2022, the Chilean peso only depreciated by approximately 1% against the U.S. dollar, but the U.S. dollar Observed Exchange Rate peaked at Ch$ 1,042.97 per US$ 1.00 on July 14, 2022, before ending the year at Ch$ 855.86 per US$ 1.00. We pay our dividends in Chilean pesos, and a substantial portion of our consolidated indebtedness has historically been in U.S. dollars. Although a substantial amount of our operating cash flows is linked to the U.S. dollar, we are exposed to fluctuations in the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar because of time lags and other limitations to pegging our tariff rates to the U.S. dollar. This exposure can substantially decrease the value of the cash we generate in U.S. dollars due to the peso’s devaluation. Future volatility in the currency exchange rate in which we receive revenues or incur expenditures may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Material Risks Related to Ownership of Our Shares and ADSs
Our controlling shareholder may influence us and may have a strategic view for our development that differs from that of our minority shareholders.
Enel, our controlling shareholder, owns a beneficial interest of 64.93% of our share capital as of the date of this Report. Under Law No. 18,046 (the “Chilean Corporations Law”), Enel has the power to determine the outcome of all material matters that require a simple majority of shareholders’ votes, such as the election of most of the seats on our board, and, subject to contractual and legal restrictions, the adoption of our dividend policy. Enel also exercises significant influence over our business strategy and operations. However, in some cases, its interests may differ from those of our minority shareholders. Certain conflicts of interest affecting Enel in these matters may be resolved in a manner that is different from the interests of our company or our minority shareholders.
The relative illiquidity and volatility of the Chilean securities markets could unfavorably affect the price of our common stock and ADSs.
Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller and have less liquidity than major securities markets in the United States and other developed countries. The low liquidity of the Chilean markets may impair shareholders’ ability to sell shares, or holders of ADSs to sell shares of our common stock withdrawn from the ADS program, on the Chilean Stock Exchanges in the amount and at the desired price and time.
Lawsuits against us brought outside of Chile, or complaints against us based on foreign legal concepts may be unsuccessful.
All our operations are located outside of the United States. All our directors and officers reside outside of the United States, and substantially all their assets are located outside the United States. If investors were to bring a lawsuit against our directors and officers in the United States, it may be difficult for them to effect service of legal process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult to enforce judgments obtained in the U.S. courts based on civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws against them in U.S. or Chilean courts. There is also doubt about whether an action could be brought successfully in Chile for liability based solely on the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws.
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We have in the past identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting and may experience additional material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, which could result in material misstatements of our consolidated financial statements, or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations.
In 2020, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which has been remediated.
If we experience additional material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, it could (i) result in a material misstatement in our financial reporting or financial statements that would not be prevented or detected, (ii) cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations under applicable securities laws, or (iii) cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reporting or financial statements, the occurrence of any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations, and the prices of our securities.
General Risk Factors
Our electricity business is subject to risks arising from extreme weather events related to climate change, natural disasters, catastrophic accidents, and acts of vandalism or terrorism, which could unfavorably affect our operations, earnings, and cash flow.
Our primary facilities include power plants and distribution assets that are exposed to damage from the increased severity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as cyclones or floods, due to climate change, catastrophic natural disasters, such as earthquakes and fires, and human causes, such as vandalism, protests, riots, and terrorism. A catastrophic event could cause prolonged unavailability of our assets, disruptions in our business, significant decreases in revenues due to lower demand, or significant additional costs not covered by our business interruption insurance and could require us to incur unplanned capital expenditures. There may be lags between a significant accident or catastrophic event and the final reimbursement from our insurance policies, which typically carry a deductible and are subject to per-event policy maximum amounts.
Any natural or human catastrophic disruption to our electricity assets in Chile could significantly affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are subject to financing risks, such as those associated with funding our new projects and capital expenditures or refinancing existing obligations.
As of December 31, 2022, our net consolidated debt totaled Ch$ 3.1 trillion consisting of: (i) financial liabilities of Ch$ 2.4 trillion, (ii) accounts payable to related parties of Ch$ 1.6, and (iii) less cash and equivalents and hedge derivatives of Ch$ 0.9 trillion. Please see Notes 20, 10, and 6 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further information on related-party transactions and financial liabilities, respectively.
A significant portion of our financial indebtedness is subject to (i) financial covenants, (ii) affirmative and negative covenants, (iii) events of default, (iv) mandatory prepayments for contractual breaches, (v) change of control clauses for material mergers and divestments, (vi) bankruptcy and insolvency proceeding covenants, and (vii) cross-default provisions, which have varying definitions, criteria, materiality thresholds, and applicability concerning subsidiaries that could result in a cross-default event. Our debt may also become immediately due and payable in cases involving bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings of a significant or material subsidiary.
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The market conditions prevailing at any time may prevent us from accessing capital markets or satisfying our financial needs to fund new projects. We may also be unable to raise the necessary funds required to finish our projects under development or construction. Likewise, we may be unable to refinance our debt or obtain such refinancing in terms acceptable to us. In the absence of such refinancing, we could be forced to liquidate assets at unfavorable prices to make payments due on our debt. Furthermore, we may be unable to sell our assets at opportune moments or sufficiently high prices to obtain proceeds that would enable us to make such payments.
Our inability to finance new projects or capital expenditures, refinance our existing debt, or comply with our covenants could negatively affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Regulatory authorities may impose sanctions on our subsidiaries due to operational failures or any breach of regulations.
Our electricity businesses may be subject to regulatory sanctions for any breach of current regulations, including failures to supply energy. Local regulatory entities supervise our generation subsidiaries. We may be subject to fines, penalties, or sanctions when the regulator determines that the company is responsible for the operational failures that affect the system’s regular energy supply, including coordination issues. Regulations establish a compensation fee to end customers when energy is interrupted more than the standard allowed time due to events or failures affecting transmission facilities. Please see Note 38 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further information on sanctions.
We are involved in litigation proceedings.
We are involved in various litigation proceedings, including lawsuits and arbitrations, that could result in unfavorable decisions or financial penalties against us. Given the difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal matters, we have no certainty about the most likely outcome of these proceedings or what the eventual fines or penalties related to each litigation may be. Although we intend to defend our positions vigorously, our defense of these litigation proceedings may not be successful and responding to such lawsuits and arbitrations diverts resources and our management’s attention from day-to-day operations.
Our financial condition or results of operations could be unfavorably affected if we are unsuccessful in defending these litigations or other lawsuits and legal proceedings against us. Please see Note 36.3 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our litigation proceedings.
E. Climate Change
General
Climate change is a principal challenge of the 21st century, and we are actively contributing to drive the global energy transition towards zero emissions with actions and strategies aligned with the most ambitious objectives at national and international levels. Our aim is to reduce our vulnerability to the physical impacts of climate change by improving our adaptability while reducing carbon emissions through innovative technologies and processes.
Mitigating the effects of climate change is part of our strategy and is integrated into our existing processes, which allows us to assess climate-related risks and opportunities, thus helping us become more resilient and flexible, as well as improving our capital allocation. An integrated process allows us to assess how climate
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change impacts our businesses, and then make appropriate adjustments to other areas of risk, such as operational or financial risks.
Our strategy for managing climate change has been developed in line with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) of the Financial Stability Board. We have established a universal climate change management framework across all business units and continuously monitor metrics and targets.
Identifying and Managing Risks
Climate change risk management affects various business units and processes across the Company, which implies risks and opportunities related to the management of our assets and delivery of services offered to our customers. Risks related to climate change cut across several risk categories classified and defined by the Company, each requiring appropriate metrics and analysis to measure and mitigate its effects, as well as to seize its opportunities.
Climate change produces phenomena that affect our business in the short-, medium-, or long-term, which we classify as:
We conduct impact assessment using a methodology related to the specific phenomena assessed, allowing for quantitative impact evaluation at the operational, economic, or financial level. The methodology used to assess the physical acute phenomena considers an event probability defined by scenarios. To connect scenarios to impacts, two elements are considered: (1) vulnerability (the value lost upon the occurrence of a given catastrophic event for each location and asset) and (2) exposure (the economic value that could be materially impacted).
To assess physical chronic phenomena, climate scenario metrics (e.g., increase in temperature, increase in rain precipitation, etc.) are applied to calculate the change in relevant key performance indicators (KPIs). Assessing physical impacts requires establishing links between climate variables and the business risks and opportunities. These links enable a quantitative assessment of effects on our business related to a selected climate phenomenon expected in the future.
Similarly, to assess the impact of transition phenomena, internal models weigh the effects of changes in selected variables with the greatest impact on the Company (e.g., price of electricity, power demand, commodity prices, local or global policies, increase in competition, etc.).
The results of the impact assessment are used across all levels and units in the Company and thoroughly integrated into processes and strategic planning. Strategic planning activities consider the consequences of climate change and define events and related risks and opportunities relevant to the Company. These activities also determine how short-, medium-, and long-term scenarios affect our assets and services. Analyzing climate change provides insight and information for direct investments to improve the development and operation and management of the current assets.
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Effects of Risks on Business and Strategy
We use scenarios in the planning, capital allocation, strategic positioning, risk assessment and strategic resilience processes. With the use of scenarios, we can model alternatives and determine some key variables of uncertainty, such as the achievement of the objectives defined in the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change (the “Paris Agreement”). A forecasting approach that provides projections based on past behavior does not allow us to anticipate changes or incorporate assessments of risks or uncertainties. Conversely, the use of scenarios offers us greater flexibility and allows us to prepare for risks and opportunities. As part of the process of defining our scenarios, we have identified and analyzed in depth the medium- and long-term trends, as well as their expected impacts on our industry. This analysis is the basis for defining our actions to anticipate and adapt to changes and developments, as well as take advantage of opportunities in our businesses.
We analyze the different scenarios published by external bodies and organizations in order to compare the results in terms of energy mix, emissions trends, and technological options, and identify the main drivers of the energy transition for each of them. These scenarios are grouped by global and local contexts. We analyze reports, data, and scenarios supported by a constant dialogue with the analysts of the main scenario providers.
Global energy scenarios are typically classified according to the level of climate ambition:
We collect the key metrics of the energy system. As a result of the data analysis, we are able to understand the key elements of the Business as usual / Stated policies scenario and to identify the drivers that lead to an acceleration of the energy transition in the Paris Aligned and Paris Ambitious scenarios. By way of example, comparing the rate of electrification and the share of renewables in the different scenarios, there is full consensus among energy analysts that the main drivers for achieving more ambitious climate goals are the process of electrifying end uses and the increase in electricity generation from renewable sources, both in the medium- and long-term.
The scenarios represent a possible non-deterministic evolution of the contribution of various energy sources to emissions. The main assumptions that we consider in defining the energy transition scenarios refer to:
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In 2022, we reviewed the framework for medium- and long-term energy transition scenarios and defined a scenario considering the principal uncertainties and factors regarding macroeconomic and energy developments. Our reference scenario for long-term planning assumes the following:
Regarding the possibility of assuming the achievement of the most challenging objective of the Paris Agreement, that is, stabilizing the global average temperature within +1.5°C, as a reference scenario for long-term planning, the uncertainty clearly remains that some countries could delay the decarbonization process towards zero emissions by 2050.
Considering the external context, we operate a business model with strategic guidelines that are in line with the maximum ambition of the objectives of the Paris Agreement. To mitigate climate change risks, we have set a goal for 2040 to achieve zero direct emissions (Scope 1), with fully renewable electricity generation, and zero emissions associated with retail energy sales (Scope 3). We continue to monitor the financial and operational feasibility of taking more aggressive action to further reduce our GHG emissions.
For further information regarding the effects of related risks on our strategy, business model, and outlook, please see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors.”
Transition Plan
We are committed to transforming our energy matrix to achieve 100% renewable energy generation with zero direct GHG emissions by 2040. To achieve zero emissions, we are focusing on the following areas:
Closure of coal-fired power plants: We closed the Tarapacá plant (158 MW) in December 2019, the Bocamina I plant (128 MW) in December 2020, and the Bocamina II plant (350 MW) in September 2022.
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The following table sets forth our direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scopes 2 and 3) GHG emissions for the year ended December 31 for the following periods:
Year ended December 31,
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
2022
2021
2020
(in millions of grams of CO2 eq.)
Total direct emissions (Scope 1)
4,846
5,187
4,303
Total indirect emissions (Scope 2)
Total indirect emissions (Scope 3)
1,773
1,360
177
We operate a business model aligned with the goal of not exceeding a temperature increase of 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels. To achieve this and our zero emissions goals, we have closed our coal-fired power plants as of 2022 and aim to close our natural gas plants by 2040. We do not use renewable energy certificates (“RECs”) as part of our zero-emission plan. In 2022 the reference carbon price we considered was EUR 80.8 per ton, in line with the European Unionʼs Emissions Trading System.
Continuous investments in renewable energy that have been systematically carried out since 2012 allow us to set our own targets by limiting direct emissions (Scope 1) to 105 grams of CO2eq./kWh by 2025, and zero emissions by 2040. To ensure transparency in communications and relations with stakeholders, we report the performance of our climate actions in line with international standards, such as the GHG Protocol. We also follow the guidelines for reporting indicators of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board and report the impact of climate risks according to the recommendations of the TCFD.
Item 4. Information on the Company
We are a publicly held limited liability stock corporation organized on March 1, 2016, under the laws of the Republic of Chile. Since April 2016, we have been registered in Santiago with the CMF under Registration No. 1139. We are also registered with the SEC under the commission file number 001-37723. Our full legal name is Enel Chile S.A., and we are also known commercially as “Enel Chile.” As of December 31, 2022, Enel beneficially owned 64.93% of our shares. Our shares are listed and traded on the Chilean Stock Exchanges under the trading symbol “ENELCHILE,” and our ADSs are listed and traded on the NYSE under the trading symbol “ENIC.”
Our contact information for the Investor Relations Department in Chile is:
Contact Person:
Isabela Klemes
Street Address:
Av. Santa Rosa 76, Piso 15
Comuna de Santiago
Santiago, Chile
Email:
ir.enelchile@enel.com
Telephone:
(56-2) 2353-4400
Website:
www.enelchile.cl
The information contained on or linked from our website is not included as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Report. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, such as our company, at www.sec.gov.
The Chilean electric utility sector was reorganized in the 1980s under the Chilean Electricity Law, known as Decree with Force of Law No. 1 of 1982 (“DFL1”). In August 1988, Compañía Chilena Metropolitana de Distribución Eléctrica S.A., our predecessor company, changed its name to Enersis S.A. (“Enersis” and currently known as Enel Américas S.A.) and became the new parent company of Distribuidora Chilectra Metropolitana S.A., later renamed Chilectra S.A (“Chilectra” and presently known as Enel Distribución Chile S.A.). In the 1990s, Enersis diversified into electricity generation through increasing equity stakes in Endesa Chile S.A. (currently known as Enel Generación Chile S.A.). In 2016 Enersis separated its Chilean business from the rest of the South American countries’ businesses in a spin-off transaction. As a result of the spin-off, Enersis Chile was created and changed its name to Enel Chile. As of December 31, 2022, Enel Chile owns 99.09% of Enel Distribution and 93.55% of Enel Generation.
Pursuant to Law No. 21,194, the Distribution Tariff Law adopted in 2019, the Ministry of Energy requires a Chilean distribution company to operate as a separate public distribution business line with its own accounting and management without including other businesses, such as an electricity transmission business. As a result, Enel Distribution carried out a corporate reorganization on January 1, 2021, pursuant to which its distribution and transmission business lines were separated into two separate companies and Enel Transmission was spun-off as a separate publicly traded company. In addition, the energy commercialization segment, formerly operated by Enel Distribution, was transferred to Enel Generation Chile to improve synergies and cost-efficiency among affiliates.
On December 9, 2022, Enel Chile completed the sale of its remaining interest in Enel Transmission to Sociedad Transmisora Metropolitana SpA (a company 100% controlled by Inversiones Grupo Saesa Limitada, an unrelated company), consisting of 99.09% of Enel Transmission shares. For further information related to the sale of Enel Transmission, see Note 5 and Note 33 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
Capital Investments, Capital Expenditures, and Divestitures
We coordinate our overall financing strategy, including the terms and conditions of loans and intercompany advances entered into by our subsidiaries, to optimize debt and liquidity management. Generally, our operating subsidiaries independently plan capital expenditures financed by internally generated funds or direct financings. One of our goals is to focus on investments that will provide long-term benefits. In the distribution business, we will continue investing to allow the connection of new customers, increase our service quality, and introduce new technologies (such as smart meters) to automate our networks. Although we have considered how these investments will be financed as part of our budget process, we have not committed to any particular financing structure, and investments will depend on the prevailing market conditions when the cash flows are needed.
Our investment plan is flexible and adapts to changing circumstances by assigning different priorities to each project according to profitability, strategic fit, and sustainability. We are currently focused on making
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investments on behalf of the distribution business related to network reliability, capacity improvement, and new technological developments, such as smart meters, while keeping the environment in mind.
For the 2023-2025 period, we expect to make capital expenditures of Ch$ 1.5 trillion in our subsidiaries (US$ 1.7 billion, calculated based on the Observed Exchange Rate as of December 31, 2022), related to investments currently in progress, maintenance of our distribution network and generation plants, and in studies required to develop other potential generation and distribution projects. While our planned investments go beyond the 2023-2025 period, we report three years to align with Enel’s three-year industrial plan disclosed in November 2022. Please refer to “Item 4. Information on the Company — D. Property, Plant and Equipment — Project Investments” for further information.
The table below sets forth the cash flows used to purchase property, plant and equipment and intangible assets in 2022, 2021, and 2020:
(in millions of Ch$)
Cash flows used
937,561
786,073
554,314
Capital Expenditures in 2022, 2021, and 2020
In the last three years, our capital expenditures were principally related to the development of solar projects, distributed generation projects, hydroelectric power plants, wind farms, and maintenance of our existing power plants.
During 2022, our investments in the distribution business focused on facilitating new customer connections, reinforcing feeders, increasing the capacity of our substations, implementing anti-theft, corrective, technological and regulatory measures, and automating our systems through the installation of control remote devices and smart meters for residential customers.
During 2022, our generation business investments focused primarily on (i) solar projects (Finis Terrae, Guanchoi (f.k.a. Campos del Sol II), and Valle del Sol); (ii) PMGD I, II, III, and IV solar projects, which comprise a portfolio of distributed generation projects; (iii) Los Cóndores hydroelectric project; (iv) wind projects (Renaico II, La Cabaña, and Rihue wind farms); and (v) our first green hydrogen project. Please see “Item 4. Information on the Company — D. Property, Plant and Equipment — Projects Completed and Under Construction” for further detail on our projects.
We reserve a portion of our capital expenditures for maintenance and the assurance of our facilities’ quality and operational standards. Projects in progress will be financed with resources provided by external financing as well as internally generated funds.
We are a publicly held limited liability stock corporation engaged in the generation and distribution of electricity in Chile through our subsidiaries and affiliates. As of December 31, 2022, we had 8,408 MW of net installed capacity and approximately 2.1 million distribution customers. Of our total net installed capacity, 76% corresponds to renewable energies, including 3,509 MW of hydroelectric power plants, 725 MW of wind farms, 2,042 MW of solar plants, and 83 MW of geothermal capacity. All our net thermoelectric installed capacity corresponds to gas/diesel power plants (2,049 MW). As of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, we had consolidated assets amounting to Ch$ 11.86 trillion and operating revenues of Ch$ 4.96 trillion.
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We also participate in other activities that are not core businesses and represent less than 1% of our 2022 revenues. We do not report them as a separate business segment in this Report or in our consolidated financial statements.
The table below presents our revenues:
Revenues
Change 2022 vs. 2021
(in %)
Generation
3,877,759
1,953,288
1,577,422
98.5
Distribution
1,454,722
1,201,833
1,382,068
21.0
Other businesses and intercompany transaction adjustments
(376,049)
(299,891)
(374,088)
(25.4)
Total revenues
4,956,432
2,855,230
2,585,402
73.6
For further financial information related to our revenues, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results” and Note 27 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements. Please see Note 36.5 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further information related to the effects of Covid-19 on our business.
Electricity Generation Business Segment
In 2022, our consolidated electricity sales were 32,120 GWh, and our electricity production was 22,215 GWh, representing a 13.8% increase and 16.7% increase, respectively, compared to 2021. Our total net installed capacity in 2022 was 8,408 MW, representing a 5.5% increase compared to 2021, mainly due to solar projects that reached commercial operation during 2022.
For additional information on our historical capacity, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — D. Property, Plant and Equipment.”
The following tables summarize the operating data relating to our electricity generation:
ELECTRICITY DATA
Number of generation facilities(1)
61
52
46
Net installed capacity (MW)(2)(3)
8,408
7,973
7,200
Electricity generation (GWh)
22,215
19,034
19,330
Electricity sales (GWh)
32,120
28,214
22,960
It is common in the electricity industry to divide the business into hydroelectric, thermoelectric, and other generation types because each has significantly different variable costs. Thermoelectric generation requires fuel
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purchase, which generally leads to higher variable costs than hydroelectric generation from reservoirs or rivers, which typically has immaterial variable costs. Of our total consolidated generation in 2022, 44.0% was from hydroelectric sources, 37.0% was from thermal sources, and 9.7%, 7.6%, and 1.7% were from solar, wind, and geothermal energy sources, respectively.
The following table summarizes our consolidated generation by type of energy:
GENERATION BY TYPE OF ENERGY (GWh)
%
Hydroelectric
9,768
44.0
7,743
40.7
9,712
50.2
Solar
2,160
9.7
1,235
6.5
1,177
6.1
Wind
1,694
7.6
1,731
9.1
1,768
9.2
Geothermal
382
1.7
284
1.5
221
1.1
Thermal
8,211
37.0
8,041
42.2
6,452
33.4
Total generation
100.0
The following table contains information regarding our consolidated sales of electricity by type of customer for each of the periods indicated:
ELECTRICITY SALES BY CUSTOMER TYPE (GWh)
Sales
% of SalesVolume
% of Sales Volume
Regulated customers
11,853
36.9
10,056
35.7
10,838
47.2
Unregulated customers
18,863
58.7
17,528
62.1
11,043
48.1
Total contracted sales(1)
30,716
95.6
27,584
97.8
21,881
95.3
Electricity pool market sales
1,404
4.4
630
2.2
1,079
4.7
Total electricity sales
Dividing sales by customer type in terms of regulated and unregulated customers helps manage and understand the business. We sell electricity to regulated customers, through distribution companies, and to unregulated customers through generation companies. The sales to distribution companies to supply their regulated customers, that is, residential, commercial, or others, are classified as regulated sales and subject to government-regulated electricity tariffs. Generation companies’ sales to unregulated customers are governed by contracts at freely negotiated prices and terms. We sell directly to large commercial and industrial customers and other generators. The sales to generators are classified as unregulated sales and generally governed by contracts with freely negotiated prices and terms. Finally, pool market sales occur either when SEN dispatches generation companies in excess of their contractual obligations and therefore must sell their surplus electricity in the pool market or when the generators’ electricity dispatched is less than their contractual commitments with customers. Therefore, they must purchase the deficit in the pool market. These purchase and sale transactions among electricity generation companies are typically made in the pool market at the spot price and do not require a contractual agreement.
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The regulatory framework often requires that electricity distribution companies have contracts to support their commitments to small volume customers. Chilean regulations also determine which customers can purchase energy directly in the electricity pool market.
In 2022, distribution company contracts awarded in the August 2016 auction came into effect. Therefore, the tariffs of our regulated contracts decreased by 6% due to the lower prices offered by NCRE providers in the energy auction for distribution companies. In 2024, contracts awarded in the November 2017 auction will come into effect with an average price of US$ 32.5 per MWh, which is 31% lower than the average price of the previous tender process. We routinely participate in energy bids and have been awarded long-term electricity sale contracts that incorporate the expected variable costs considering changes to the most relevant variables. These contracts secure the sale of our current and expected new capacity and allow us to stabilize our income.
In November 2017, the outcome of a bidding process was announced. This process tendered 2,200 GWh per year to be delivered between 2024 and 2043. We, through Enel Generation, were awarded 54% of the tender, corresponding to 1.2 TWh at an average price of US$ 34.7 per MWh with a mix of wind, solar, and geothermal generation. These prices are 6.8% higher than the average price.
In September 2021, 2,310 GWh per year were tendered to supply electricity to regulated customers for 15 years starting in 2026. As a result, the average awarded price was US$ 23.8 per MWh. We did not have electricity awarded in the 2021 process.
In July 2022, 777 GWh per year of energy were awarded in a tender process to supply electricity for 15 years starting in 2027. The average awarded price was US$ 37.38 per MWh. We did not have electricity awarded in the 2022 process.
Energy purchases and transportation costs are the principal variable costs involved in the electricity generation business, in addition to the direct variable cost of generating hydroelectric or thermal electricity, such as fuel costs. Our thermal generation increases during relatively low rainfall periods, typically resulting in higher fuel costs. Under dry conditions, the electricity we have contractually agreed to provide may exceed the electricity we generate, requiring us to purchase electricity in the pool market at spot prices to satisfy our contractual obligations. The cost of these purchases at spot prices may, under certain circumstances, exceed the price at which we sell electricity under contracts and, therefore, may result in a loss. We attempt to minimize the effect of poor hydrological conditions on our operations in any given year by limiting our contractual sales requirements to a quantity that does not exceed our estimated electricity production in a dry year. To determine the estimated production in a dry year, we consider the available statistical information concerning rainfall, mountain snow and ice, and when they are expected to melt, hydrological levels, and critical reservoirs’ capacity.
In addition to limiting contracted sales, we may adopt other strategies, including installing temporary thermal power, negotiating lower consumption levels with unregulated customers, negotiating with other water users, and pass-through cost clauses in contracts with customers. For further details about hydrological conditions and their effects on our business, please refer to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results. — 1. Discussion of Main Factors Affecting Operating Results and Financial Condition of the Company — a. Generation and Transmission Business.”
Seasonality
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While our core business is subject to weather patterns, only extreme events such as prolonged droughts, rather than seasonal weather variations, may adversely affect our generation capacity and materially affect our operating results and financial condition.
The generation business is affected by seasonal changes throughout the year. During average hydrological years, snowmelts typically occur during the warmer months of October through March. These snowmelts increase the level of water in our reservoirs. May through August typically have the most precipitation.
When there is more precipitation, hydroelectric generating facilities can accumulate additional water for generation. Our reservoirs’ increased level allows us to generate more electricity with hydroelectric power plants during months when marginal electricity costs are lower.
In general, hydrological conditions such as droughts and insufficient rainfall adversely affect our generation capacity. For example, severe prolonged drought conditions or reduced rainfall levels in Chile caused by the La Niña weather phenomenon reduce water accumulated in reservoirs, thereby curtailing our hydroelectric generation capacity. To mitigate hydrological risk associated with our contractual obligations with our customers, hydroelectric generation may be substituted with thermal sources (natural gas, LNG, or diesel) and energy purchases on the spot market. These actions could result in higher costs.
Operations
We participate in electricity generation through our subsidiaries, Enel Generation, EGP Chile, and Pehuenche. As of December 31, 2022, we had 61 generation power plants in Chile with a total net installed capacity of 8,408 MW, representing 27% of the National Electricity System’s (“SEN” in its Spanish acronym) installed capacity in 2022.
Enel Generation owns 13 hydroelectric, 7 thermal, and 2 wind generation power plants, with a total net installed capacity of 4,851 MW. EGP Chile owns 2 hydroelectric power plants, 8 wind farms, 25 solar parks, and 1 geothermal power plant, with a total net installed capacity of approximately 2,861 MW. Pehuenche owns 3 hydroelectric power plants, with a net installed capacity of 697 MW. For information on the net installed generation capacity for each of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — D. Property, Plant, and Equipment—Property, Plant, and Equipment of Generating Companies.”
During 2022, the electricity demand throughout the SEN increased by 2.6%. The total electricity demand was 77,044 GWh in 2022 and 75,065 GWh in 2021. Our total generation amounted to 22,215 GWh in 2022, which represents 28.8% of the total demand.
Our total hydroelectric generation (including mini-hydro) accounted for 44.0% of our total generation in 2022, reaching 9,768 GWh, an increase of 26.1% compared to 2021, while our thermal generation accounted for 37.0% of our total generation in 2022, reaching 8,211 GWh, an increase of 2.1% compared to 2021.
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The following table sets forth the electricity generation by each of our generation companies:
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY COMPANY (GWh)
15,686
13,648
13,612
EGP Chile(1)
4,486
3,451
3,418
2,043
1,935
2,300
Total
(1)
Includes all of EGP Chile’s subsidiaries.
The following table sets forth the electricity generation by type:
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY TYPE (GWh)
Hydroelectric generation
9,731
43.8
7,698
40.4
9,680
50.1
Thermal generation
Wind generation – NCRE
Mini-hydro generation – NCRE
37
0.2
45
Solar generation – NCRE
Geothermal generation – NCRE
Water Resource Use Agreements
Water resource use agreements refer to a user’s right to utilize water from a particular source, such as a river, stream, pond, or groundwater. In times of favorable hydrological conditions, water agreements are generally not complicated or contentious. However, with poor hydrological conditions, water agreements protect our right to use water resources for hydroelectric generation. The following agreements allow us to use water more efficiently and avoid additional litigation with the local community and farmers.
We have three current agreements signed with the Chilean Hydraulic Works Directorate (“DOH”). The agreements are related to water consumption from Maule Lagoon and Laja Lake, both located in southcentral Chile in areas where irrigation is more demanding, generally from September to April. Enel Generation signed the agreements regarding the use of water from Maule Lagoon and Laja Lake on September 9, 1947, and October 24, 1958, respectively. On November 16, 2017, Enel Generation signed an agreement to operate and recover water resources from Laja Lake, complementing the 1958 agreement with DOH.
In October 2020 and August 2021, our subsidiary Pehuenche, Colbún S.A., and the Maule Lagoon Vigilance Board-First Section, signed an agreement to optimize the use of water during drought periods. The agreement, which expires on August 31, 2025, and includes an automatic renewal clause for 58 months, facilitates water accumulation in the Colbún Reservoir in the spring for use in the summer, the peak irrigation period, of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 irrigation season.
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In October 2022, Enel Generation signed an agreement with the Biobío River Basin Vigilance Board to limit the use of the Ralco reservoir during the 2022/2023 irrigation season, along with making more flexible the generation of the Pangue power plant and its reservoir.
Thermal Generation
Our thermal electricity generation facilities use mostly LNG and, to a lesser extent, diesel. To satisfy our natural gas requirements, we signed a long-term LNG supply contract that establishes maximum quantities and prices. We also have long-term gas transportation agreements with pipeline companies. Our gas-fired efficient power plants can operate using either natural gas or diesel. In particular, San Isidro and Quintero power plants operate using LNG from the Quintero LNG Terminal.
The LNG supply is based on long-term agreements with Quintero LNG Terminal for regasification services and Shell for supply. Our LNG sale and purchase agreement with Shell is in force through 2030 and is indexed to the Henry Hub/Brent commodity prices. Electrogas S.A. is our current gas transportation provider.
In 2022, Enel Generation used 453 million cubic meters of LNG for its generation and commercialization requirements, which represents 63% more compared to 2021, mainly explained by the greater availability of Argentine gas compared to the previous year.
In 2022, Enel Generation imported 1,085 million cubic meters of natural gas under supply agreements with YPF, Total Austral, and Pan American Energy, among other producers.
Concerning the commercialization of LNG by truck, 112 million cubic meters were delivered in 2022, a 26% increase compared to 2021.
In December 2022, we reached an agreement with Shell Global LNG Limited, through which the parties agreed to a series of modifications to the current long-term supply contract, corresponding, among others, to a reduction of LNG volumes, which are projected to be surplus to meet its future needs.
Generation from NCRE sources
Under Chilean law, electricity generation companies must derive a minimum amount of their electricity sales from NCRE. This minimum amount depends on the date of execution of the sale contract and ranges from zero, for those signed before 2007, to 20% for those signed starting in July 2013. Our Canela wind farms and Ojos de Agua mini-hydroelectric plant, and most of EGP Chile’s power plants (except the Pullinque and Pilamiquén power plants), qualify as NCRE facilities.
Electricity sales and generation
SEN’s electricity sales increased 2.6% in 2022 compared to 2021.
The following table sets forth SEN’s electricity sales:
ELECTRICITY SALES IN SEN (GWh)
Total electricity sales (SEN)
77,044
75,065
71,808
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Our electricity sales reached 32,120 GWh in 2022, 28,214 GWh in 2021, and 22,959 GWh in 2020, which represented a 41.7%, 37.6%, and 32.0%, market share, respectively. Energy purchases increased by 7.9% in 2022, compared to 2021, mainly to comply with our contractual obligations with third parties.
The following table sets forth our electricity generation and purchases:
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND PURCHASES (GWh)
(GWh)
%of Volume
% of Volume
Electricity generation
69.2
67.5
84.2
Electricity purchases
9,905
30.8
9,180
32.5
3,629
15.8
22,959
We supply electricity to the major regulated electricity distribution companies, large unregulated industrial firms (primarily in the mining, pulp, and steel sectors), and the pool market. Contracts usually govern commercial relationships with our customers. Supply contracts with distribution companies must be auctioned and are generally standardized with an average term of ten years.
Supply contracts with unregulated customers (large industrial customers) are specific to the needs of each customer, and the conditions are agreed upon by both parties, reflecting competitive market conditions.
In 2022, 2021, and 2020, we had 993, 961, and 384 customers, respectively. In 2022 our customers included 21 regulated customers and 972 unregulated customers. The significant increase in 2021 is mainly due to CNE Resolution 176 issued in 2020, pursuant to which distribution companies may only provide public electricity distribution service and are prohibited from selling electricity and power to unregulated customers. As a result, Enel Distribution transferred all its unregulated customers to Enel Generation.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, our principal distribution customers were (in alphabetical order): Empresa Eléctrica de Puente Alto, Enel Distribution, Grupo CGE, Grupo Chilquinta, and Grupo SAESA.
Our generation contracts with unregulated customers are generally on a long-term basis and typically range from five to fifteen years. These agreements are usually automatically extended at the end of the applicable term unless terminated by either party upon prior notice. Contracts with unregulated customers may also include specifications regarding power sources and equipment, which may be provided at special rates and provisions for technical assistance to the customer. We have not experienced any supply interruptions under our contracts. If we experienced a force majeure event, as defined in the agreement, we can reject purchases and have no obligation to supply electricity to our unregulated customers. Disputes are typically subject to binding arbitration between the parties, with limited exceptions.
Our principal unregulated customers were (in alphabetical order): Anglo American Sur, BHP Billiton, Compañia Minera Doña Inés de Collahuasi SCM, Minera Valle Central, and SCM Minera Lumina Copper Chile.
Electricity generation companies compete based mainly on price, technical experience, and reliability. We have lower marginal production costs than companies whose installed capacity is primarily thermal because 44.0% of our installed capacity connected to SEN is hydroelectric. Our installed thermal capacity benefits from access to gas from the Quintero LNG Terminal. However, during periods of extended droughts, we may be
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forced to buy more expensive electricity from thermal generators at spot prices to comply with our contractual obligations.
Electricity Distribution and Networks Business Segment
Our distribution and network operations are conducted through Enel Distribution, in which we have a 99.09% economic interest.
We distribute electricity in a concession area of 2,105 square kilometers, under an indefinite concession granted by the Chilean government. We distribute electricity in 33 municipalities in the Santiago metropolitan region. As of December 31, 2022, we distributed electricity to more than 2 million residential, commercial, industrial, and other customers, who are primarily municipalities, represented 36.0%, 11.3%, 0.8%, and 51.9%, respectively, of our total electricity sales of 17,534 GWh, which is an increase of 5.2% compared to 2021.
The following table sets forth our principal operating data for each of the periods indicated:
17,534
16,668
16,481
Residential
6,309
5,140
5,006
Commercial
1,986
2,029
4,606
Industrial
144
726
1,686
Other customers(1)
9,095
8,773
5,183
Number of customers (thousands)
2,080
2,038
2,008
1,866
1,826
1,801
157
156
154
44
41
Energy purchased (GWh)(2)
18,243
17,472
17,356
Total energy losses (%)(3)
5.1
5.2
SAIDI (minutes)(4)
152
171
SAIFI (times)(4)
Collection rate(5)
95.5
97.5
96.9
Enel Distribution’s tariff review process, which set the tariffs for the 2016-2020 period, was finalized in August 2017. The new tariffs were applied retroactively as of November 4, 2016, and the review did not have a significant effect on Enel Distribution’s tariffs.
In September 2018, there was an extraordinary tariff update process, which was non-retroactive and will be in effect until the tariff-setting process for the 2020-2024 period is completed. The ongoing 2020-2024
process began in January 2020 and should be concluded during 2023. However, due to the social unrest that began in October 2019, distribution tariffs for 2020 and 2021 were fixed under Law No. 21,185, which created a temporary electricity price stabilization mechanism for customers subject to tariff regulation. In July 2022, the Chilean Congress passed Law No. 21,472, which complements Law No. 21,185 by creating a new stabilization fund program and establishing a new transitory mechanism for stabilizing customers’ electricity prices under the regulated price system. The purpose of the mechanism is to limit the increase in electricity bills for regulated customers during 2022 and to allow such increases to occur gradually over the next 10 years. The tariff-setting process for the 2024-2028 period should start in 2023.
For the supply to regulated distribution customers, Enel Distribution has entered into contracts with the following generation companies (in alphabetical order): Acciona Energía Chile Holdings S.A., AES Andes S.A., Colbún S.A., Enel Generation, Engie Energía Chile S.A., and other companies.
Seasonal changes in energy demand directly influence the distribution business. Although the price at which a distribution company purchases electricity can change seasonally and has an impact on the price at which it is sold to end-users, it does not have an effect on our profitability since the cost of electricity purchased is passed on to end-users through tariffs that are set for multi-year periods. However, in the case of regulated customers, an increase in tariffs due to rate adjustments may not happen immediately, which could affect our profitability in the short term.
Cybersecurity
Since September 2016, Enel S.p.A. has had within the Global Digital Solutions area a “Cyber Security” unit committed to corporate governance, direction, and control of cybersecurity topics. The head of the Cyber Security unit, which is also Enel’s Chief Information Security Officer, reports directly to the head of Global Digital Solutions.
Enel also has a Cyber Security Committee, chaired by the Enel CEO and made up of top officers, that addresses and approves the cybersecurity strategy and checks the progress of its implementation at regular intervals (at least yearly). Therefore, the Enel CEO is engaged in the cybersecurity strategy process. Cybersecurity is always part of the agenda at managerial meetings (e.g., Business Reviews, Operating Review Meetings), Risk Control Committee meetings, and at the executive management level. The results of such evaluations guide Enel cybersecurity strategy in terms of strategic initiatives, processes, and organization.
Cybersecurity Framework
In 2018, Enel adopted the Cyber Security Framework (the “Framework”) and integrated it into each company throughout the entire organization, including Enel Chile. The Framework is based on sector best practices and international standards (ISO 27001/NIST) and addresses the principles and operational processes that support a global strategy of cyber risk analysis, prevention, and management. This document is structured in 8 processes fully applicable to the complexity of the usual Information Technology (“IT”), Operational Technology (“OT”), and Internet of Things (“IoT”) environment. The Framework defines roles and responsibilities by implementing the full involvement of business areas, assigning responsibilities to stakeholders in the context of the organization, and establishing a solid basis for the full merger of technologies,
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core processes, and people. It is focused and driven by a “risk-based” approach and a “cyber security by design” principle.
The “risk-based” approach places risk assessment as a prerequisite for our strategic decisions. The estimation of cybersecurity risk factors (impacts, threats, vulnerabilities) is critical to assess our level of cyber risk and to identify appropriate treatment actions to mitigate it. The cybersecurity by design principle ensures that we take cybersecurity requirements into consideration from the very early stages and along the entire lifecycle of systems and services.
The Framework provides the overall coverage of the following areas:
In accordance with the Framework, we have and use a Cyber Security Business Impact Analysis and Risk Assessment methodology (Cyber Risk Management Procedure). It aims to identify, prioritize, and estimate cybersecurity risks within the Company, taking into consideration established risk acceptance levels. The first phase of the process aims to identify the risk level associated with a logical or physical asset (Risk Center), while the second phase of the process aims to define what controls need to be implemented to achieve the desired level of risk mitigation.
We have a Cyber Emergency Readiness Team (CERT), whose mission is to protect its employees and assets (instrumental to our business that could be compromised by cyber threats), promoting a proactive approach based on “incident readiness” rather than “incident response”. The CERT operates with Threat
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Intelligence, Incident Response, and Information Sharing processes, and exchanges information within a network of accredited international partners.
In case a cybersecurity incident occurs, it is classified according to the Enel Cyber Impact Matrix considering the improved event correlation capabilities coming from the adoption of new cybersecurity services. Most incidents are classified at level 0/1 and are considered “day-by-day” instances because they do not significantly impact our systems. Generally, these incidents are automatically or semi-automatically blocked or managed by our systems, thus preventing and/or reducing the potential impact of a cyberattack. Incidents classified at level 2/3/4 of the Enel Cyber Impact Matrix may have an impact on the Group and are managed by the CERT in conjunction with the relevant stakeholders.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no cybersecurity incidents classified at level 4, the maximum impact of the Enel Cyber Impact Matrix.
ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
In the Chilean Electricity Market, there are four categories of local agents: generators, transmitters, distributors, and large customers. The industry’s three business segments—generation, transmission, and distribution—must operate in an interconnected and coordinated manner to supply electricity to final customers at minimum cost and within the standards of quality and security required by the industry’s rules and regulations.
The Chilean electricity sector is physically divided into three main networks: SEN which extends from Arica in northern Chile to Chiloé in southern Chile, and two smaller isolated networks (Aysén and Magallanes).
The following chart shows the relationships among the different agents in the Chilean electricity market:
Generators supply electricity to end customers using lines and substations that belong to transmission and distribution companies. The generation segment operates competitively, and generators may sell their energy
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to unregulated customers and other generation companies through contracts at freely negotiated prices. They may also sell to distribution companies to supply regulated customers through contracts governed by bids defined by the authorities.
Transmission
Transmission companies own lines and substations with a voltage higher than 23 kV flowing from generators’ production points to the centers of consumption or distribution, charging a regulated toll for the use of their installations. The transmission segment is a natural monopoly subject to special industry regulations, including antitrust legislation. Tariffs are regulated, and access must be open and guaranteed under non-discriminatory conditions.
Distribution companies supply electricity to end customers using electricity infrastructure lower than 23 kV. The distribution segment is a natural monopoly subject to special industry regulations as well, including antitrust legislation. The electricity network is open access, and distribution tariffs are regulated. Distribution companies must provide electricity to regulated customers within their concession area at regulated prices. According to Law No. 21,914 (the “Distribution Tariff Law”), distribution companies may not enter into new electricity supply contracts with unregulated customers.
Concessions
Hydroelectric generation requires a concession granted by the authorities to operate for an indefinite time; however, other types of technologies for generating electricity do not require concessions. The Chilean Ministry of Energy grants distribution concessions for undefined periods and the right to use public areas for building distribution lines. Distribution companies must supply electricity to all customers who request service within their concession area. A concession may be declared expired if the quality of service does not meet specific minimum standards established by the regulator.
Customers
Customers are classified according to their demand as regulated or unregulated. Regulated customers are those with a connected capacity of up to 5,000 kW. Unregulated customers are those with a connected capacity of more than 5,000 kW. Customers with a connected capacity between 500 kW and 5,000 kW may choose to be regulated or unregulated, subject to the respective price regime, but must remain in the selected category for at least four years.
Limits on Integration and Concentration
The antitrust legislation established in Decree with the Force of Law (Decreto con Fuerza de Ley) (“DFL”) 211 (modified in 2016 by Law No. 20,945) and the regulations applicable to the electricity industry stated in DFL 4 (“Electricity Law”) and Law No. 20,018 (Ley General de Servicios Eléctricos) have established the criteria to avoid economic concentration and abusive market practices in Chile. Companies can participate in different market segments (generation, distribution, transmission) to the extent that they are appropriately separated, both from an accounting and corporate perspective. Companies must also comply with the conditions provided in Resolution No. 667/2002 and the Distribution Tariff Law, discussed below.
The transmission sector is subject to the most significant restrictions, mainly because of its open access requirements. The Electricity Law establishes that companies that own the National Transmission System (“STN” in its Spanish acronym) may not engage in activities within the generation or distribution segment.
Owners of the STN must be limited liability stock corporations. Individual interests in the STN by companies operating in another electricity or unregulated customer segment cannot exceed, directly or indirectly, 8% of the total investment value of the STN. Furthermore, the aggregate interest of all such agents in the STN cannot exceed 40% of the total investment value.
According to the Electricity Law, there are no restrictions on market concentration for generation and distribution activities. However, Chilean antitrust authorities have imposed specific measures to increase transparency associated with our subsidiaries and us through Resolution No. 667/2002 issued by the Chilean government antitrust agency, the Tribunal de la Libre Competencia.
Resolution No. 667/2002 states that Enel Chile must keep its generation and distribution segments separate and manage them as independent business units; Enel Chile, Enel Generation and Enel Distribution are registered with the CMF and must remain subject to the regulatory authority of the CMF and comply with the regulations applicable to publicly held limited liability stock corporations, even if any of these companies should lose such designation. The members of the boards of directors of these companies must be elected from different and independent groups, and the external auditors of the companies must be different for local statutory purposes.
Electricity Markets
Generation companies may sell to distribution companies, unregulated end customers, or other generation companies through contracts. Generation companies satisfy their contractual sales requirements with dispatched electricity, whether produced by them or purchased from other generation companies in the spot market or through contracts. They balance their contractual obligations with their dispatch by trading deficit and surplus electricity at the spot market price set hourly by the CEN, which is based on the lowest production cost of the last kWh dispatched.
Customers subject to the unregulated price regime may negotiate their electricity supply with any supplier; however, they must pay a regulated toll for using the transmission and distribution network. Regulated customers with residential generation units can sell their surpluses to a distribution company under certain conditions (net billing regulation). Since November 2018, Law No. 21,118 has permitted customers with a connected capacity of up to 300 kW to sell their surpluses on an aggregated or individual basis.
Water Rights
Companies in Chile must pay an annual fee for unused water rights. License fees already paid may be recovered through monthly tax credits, commencing on the project’s start-up date associated with the water rights. The maximum license fees that may be recovered are those paid during the eight years before the start-up date.
Since its inception, private sector companies have developed the Chilean electricity industry; however, nationalization by the government was conducted between 1970 and 1973. During the 1980s, the Electricity Law reorganized the sector, allowing for the private sector’s renewed participation. Law No. 20,018 and its modifications currently govern the industry under the Electricity Law, the reformed DFL 4, published in 2006 by the Ministry of Economy, and its respective regulations included in Decreto Supremo (D.S.) No. 327/1998.
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Non-Conventional Renewable Energy (“NCRE”) has been promoted in Chile since 2008. NCRE refers to electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, ocean (movement of tides, waves, currents, and the ocean’s thermal gradient), and mini-hydropower plants with a capacity under 20 MW. Law No. 20,698 (2013) established a mandatory 20% share of NCRE source as a percentage of total contracted electricity sales by 2025, except for contracts signed between 2007 and 2013, which have a 10% target by 2024.
Responsible for Setting Policy
The Ministry of Energy is the leading regulatory authority in the Chilean energy industry. It promulgates and coordinates plans, policies, and standards for the sector’s proper operation and the development of the industry in Chile.
Responsible for Regulation and Supervisory Body
The CNE is the entity in charge of approving the annual transmission expansion plans, responsible for the indicative plan for the construction of new electricity generation facilities, and proposing regulated tariffs to the Ministry of Energy for approval. The Superintendence of Electricity and Fuels inspects and oversees compliance with laws, rules, regulations, and technical norms applicable to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, as well as liquid fuels and gas, and reports to the Ministry of Energy.
System Operator
CEN is a centralized dispatch center that coordinates SEN’s operations with an approach that minimizes costs while monitoring the quality of the generation and transmission companies’ service. CEN calculates market balances (energy injections and withdrawals), determines the transfers among generation companies, and calculates the hourly marginal cost, the price at which energy transfers are made in the spot market. CEN does not, however, calculate the rates of generation capacity. The CNE calculates such prices.
CEN schedules the energy production of each generating company considering their marginal costs, the maximum capacity a generator may supply to the system at certain peak hours, statistical information, accounting for maintenance time, and arid conditions for hydroelectric power plants. However, it does not take into account the power plants’ contribution to the security of the entire system.
Remuneration for Generators
To reduce operating costs, CEN applies an efficiency criterion in which the lowest cost producer available is usually required to satisfy demand at any moment in time. As a result, at any specific level of demand, the appropriate supply is provided at the lowest possible production cost, also known as the marginal cost, available in the system. This marginal cost on an hourly basis is the price at which generators trade energy in the spot market, using both their injections (sales) and their withdrawals (purchases) to balance their contracted customer sales with their production determined by CEN.
Transmission Tariffs
The remuneration of existing national and zonal transmission installations is determined by a tariff-setting process conducted every four years regulated by Law No. 20,936. This process determines the annual
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transmission value that considers efficient operation and maintenance costs and a yearly valuation of investments based on a discount rate determined by the authorities every four years (minimum 7% after-tax) and the installations’ useful life.
The regulation currently in force states that transmission remuneration is the sum of tariff revenue and the usage charge revenue received for the transmission system, defined as $/kWh by the CNE. Revenues are calculated on a semi-annual basis. The tariff-setting process for the 2020-2023 period was concluded in February 2023 and has been effective retrospectively since January 1, 2020.
Distribution Tariffs
The Distribution Tariff Law established new limits on returns on investments for distribution companies. Tariffs charged by distribution companies to regulated end customers are set every four years. Tariffs are determined by the sum of the cost of electricity purchased by the distribution company, a transmission charge, and the value-added from the distribution of electricity (“VAD”), allowing distribution companies to recover their investment and operating costs, including a legally mandated return on investment. The transmission charge reflects the price paid for electricity transmission and transformation. The law also prohibits distribution companies from operating in other sectors or industries as of 2021.
The VAD is based on a so-called “efficient model company” within a typical distribution area (“TDA”). The CNE determines the VAD of each TDA. With the resulting VAD, preliminary tariffs are tested to ensure an industry aggregate rate of return between 6% and 8%. However, the Distribution Tariff Law establishes that the after-tax rate of return for each distributor must be between three percentage points below and two percentage points above the rate of return calculated by the CNE. The real return on investment for a distribution company depends on its actual performance relative to the standards chosen by the CNE for the efficient model company. The tariff system allows for a higher return to distribution companies that are more efficient than the model company.
Electricity regulation establishes tariff equality mechanisms for electrical services. Law No. 20,928 states that the maximum tariff that distribution companies may charge residential customers must not exceed the average national tariff by more than 10%. The differences arising from applying this mechanism are progressively absorbed by the remaining customers subject to regulated prices, under the mentioned average, except for those residential users whose monthly average consumption of energy in the prior calendar year is less than or equal to 200 kWh.
The tariff-setting process for 2016-2020 was concluded in August 2017 and had been effective, retroactively, since November 4, 2016. In September 2018, there was an extraordinary tariff update process, which was non-retroactive and will be in effect until the tariff-setting process for the 2020-2024 period is completed. The ongoing 2020-2024 process began in January 2020 and should be concluded in 2023. However, due to the social unrest that began in October 2019, Law No. 21,185 fixed distribution tariffs for 2020 and 2021, which created a temporary electricity price stabilization mechanism for customers subject to tariff regulation. In July 2022, the Chilean Congress passed Law No. 21,472, which complements Law No. 21,185 by creating a new stabilization fund program and establishing a new transitory mechanism for stabilizing customers’ electricity prices under the regulated price system. The purpose of the mechanism is to limit the increase in electricity bills for regulated customers during 2022 and to allow such increases to occur gradually over the next 10 years. The tariff-setting process for the 2024-2028 period is expected to start in 2023.
Chile has numerous laws, regulations, decrees, and municipal ordinances that address environmental considerations. Among them are regulations relating to waste disposal (including the discharge of liquid industrial wastes), the establishment of industries in areas that may affect public health, and the protection of water for human consumption.
Environmental Law No. 19,300 was enacted in 1994 and has been amended by several regulations, including the Environmental Impact Assessment System Rule issued in 1997 and modified in 2001. This law establishes a general framework of regulation of the right to live in a pollution-free environment, the protection of the environment, the preservation of nature, and environmental heritage conservation. This law requires companies to conduct an environmental impact study and a declaration of future generation or transmission projects.
On September 10, 2014, Law No. 20,780 was enacted and included fees for the emission of PM, NOx, SO2, and CO2 into the atmosphere. For CO2 emissions, the fee is US$5 per ton (not applicable to renewable biomass generation). PM, NOx, and SO2 emissions are charged the equivalent of US$ 0.10 per ton, multiplied by the result of a formula based on the population of the municipality where the generation power plant is located, which is an additional fee of US$ 0.90 per ton of PM emissions, US$ 0.01 per ton of SO2 emissions, and US$ 0.025 per ton of NOx emissions. This tax became effective in 2018, with the amount due calculated based on the previous year’s emissions. All thermal power plants of Enel Generation have established methodologies to measure emissions and pay related taxes in line with the Chilean Superintendence of Environment requirements.
On June 13, 2022, Law No. 21,455 (the “Climate Change Framework Law”) was enacted. The law establishes that Chile be carbon neutral and climate resilient by 2050, which could be moved up if circumstances allow for it. To address climate change, the law establishes concrete actions for 17 executive departments as well as powers and obligations at regional and local levels. It also establishes the Long-Term Climate Strategy, a roadmap detailing how Chile will fulfill its commitments through concrete actions over a 30-year period and requires the preparation of sectoral mitigation and adaptation plans with concrete measures and actions to meet these goals.
For more information about regulatory framework and matters, see Note 4 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
C.
Organizational Structure.
Principal Subsidiaries and Affiliates
We are part of an electricity group controlled by Enel S.p.A, an Italian company and our controlling shareholder that beneficially owned 64.93% of our shares as of December 31, 2022. Enel is a multinational power company and a leading integrated player in the global power and renewables markets. It is one of the largest European utility companies with operations in 30 countries worldwide and a consolidated installed capacity of 93 GW. Enel distributes electricity through a network of 2.3 million kilometers to more than 75 million customers. It is one of the world’s largest network operators and has one of the most extensive customer bases. Enel’s shares are listed on Euronext Milan organized and managed by Borsa Italiana S.p.A.
We consolidated the principal subsidiaries listed in the following table as of December 31, 2022. In the case of subsidiaries, economic interest is calculated by multiplying our percentage of economic interest in a directly held subsidiary by the percentage economic interest of any entity in the chain of ownership of such ultimate subsidiary.
Principal Subsidiaries
% Ownership
ConsolidatedAssets
Consolidated Revenues and Other Operating Income
(in billions of Ch$)
Electricity Generation
93.55%
4,407
3,819
99.99%
4,026
510
Electricity Distribution
99.09%
2,021
1,390
Property, Plant, and Equipment.
Our property, plant, and equipment is concentrated in electricity generation and distribution assets in Chile.
We conduct our generation business through Enel Generation, EGP Chile, and their subsidiaries, which together own 61 generation power plants, all located in Chile, of which 18 are hydroelectric (3,508 MW of net installed capacity), 7 are thermal (2,050 MW of net installed capacity), 25 are solar (2,042 MW of net installed capacity), and 10 are wind-powered (725 MW of net installed capacity), and one is geothermal (83 MW of net installed capacity).
A substantial portion of our generating subsidiaries’ cash flow and net income is derived from the sale of electricity produced by our electricity generation facilities.
The following table identifies the power plants that we own, all located in Chile, at the end of each year, organized by company and technology:
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Property, Plant, and Equipment of Generation Companies
Net Installed Capacity(1) As of December 31,
Company
Power Plant Name
Power Plant Type(2)
(in MW)
Ralco
Reservoir
689
Pangue
466
El Toro
449
Rapel
375
Antuco
Run-of-the-river
320
Cipreses
106
Abanico
93
136
Sauzal
80
79
Isla
70
Palmucho
Los Molles
Sauzalito
Ojos de Agua
Total hydroelectric
2,720
2,763
2,762
Atacama
Combined Cycle /Natural Gas+Diesel Oil
716
San Isidro 2(3)
380
San Isidro 1(3)
372
371
Quintero
Gas Turbine/Natural Gas
255
Taltal
Gas Turbine/Natural Gas+Diesel Oil
242
239
Huasco
Gas Turbine
64
Tarapacá
Gas Turbine/Diesel Oil
Bocamina(4)
Steam Turbine/Coal
—
Diego de Almagro(5)
Total thermal
2,049
2,390
2,389
Canela II
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Canela I
Total wind
82
78
Total Enel Generation
4,851
5,231
5,229
568
Curillinque
89
Loma Alta
Total Pehuenche
697
Cerro Pabellón (1,2, & 3)
83
69
Total geothermal
Pullinque
51
Pilmaiquén
92
Guanchoi
398
Campos del Sol
Domeyko
204
Valle del Sol
163
Sol de Lila
161
Finis Terrae
160
Finis Terrae Ext
Carrera Pinto
Pampa Norte
Azabache
Lalackama
Chañares
Solar Diego de Almagro
Lalackama 2
Finis Terrae 3
PMGD La Colonia
PMGD Rinconada Alcones
PMGD Don Rodrigo
PMGD Caracoles
PMGD Coinco
PMGD Dadinco
PMGD El Sharon
PMGD Piduco
PMGD San Camilo
La Silla
Total solar
2,042
1,321
496
Sierra Gorda Este
112
Eólico Taltal
99
Talinay Oriente
90
Valle De Los Vientos
Renaico
88
Renaico 2
72
Talinay Poniente
Los Buenos Aires
643
564
Total EGP Chile (NCRE)
2,861
2,046
1,193
Total Net Capacity Enel Chile
7,118
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Property, Plant, and Equipment of Distribution Companies
We conduct our distribution business through Enel Distribution and its subsidiary Enel Colina. A substantial portion of our distribution subsidiaries’ cash flow and net income are derived from the sale of electricity distributed through our distribution installations.
The table below describes our leading electricity distribution equipment, such as distribution concession, networks, and transformers. They include the consolidated property, plant, and equipment figures of our subsidiary Enel Distribution.
Distribution Network – Concession area and Medium and Low Voltage Lines(1)
As of December 31, 2021
As of December 31, 2020
Concession Area (km2)
MV (km)
LV (km)
2,105
5,598
12,068
5,568
12,011
5,406
11,960
Transformers from Medium to Low Voltage for Distribution(1)
Number ofTransformers
Capacity (MVA)
22,356
5,347
22,137
5,215
21,997
5,108
Property, Plant, and Equipment of Transmission Companies
As of January 1, 2021, Enel Transmission was spun-off from Enel Distribution. As a result, the assets and liabilities associated to the transmission segment that belonged to Enel Distribution were assigned to Enel Transmission to engage in the transmission business. On December 9, 2022, Enel Transmission was sold in a stock purchase agreement and is no longer our subsidiary as of December 31, 2022.
The following table identifies the transmission equipment that we own, at the end of each year presented.
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Power and Interconnection Substations and Transformers from High to Medium Voltage and Transmission Lines(1)(2)(3)(4)
Number of Substations
TransmissionLines (km)
Enel Transmission (5)
0
169
8,531
683
56
165
8,331
Insurance
Our electricity generation and distribution facilities are insured against damage caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, floods, other acts of God (but not for droughts, which are not considered force majeure risks and are not covered by insurance), and from damage from third-party actions, based on the appraised value of the facilities as determined from time to time by an independent appraiser. Based on geological, hydrological, and engineering studies, we believe that the risk of the previously described events resulting in a material adverse effect on our facilities is remote.
Claims under our subsidiaries’ insurance policies are subject to customary deductibles and other conditions. We also maintain business interruption insurance, providing coverage for the failure of any of our facilities for a period of up to 24 months, including the deductible period. Insurance policies include liability clauses, which protect our companies from claims made by third parties. The insurance coverage taken for our property is approved by each company’s management, considering the quality of the insurance companies and the coverage needs, conditions, risk evaluations of each facility, and general corporate guidelines. All insurance policies are purchased from reputable international insurers. We continuously engage with the insurance companies to negotiate what we believe is the most commercially reasonable insurance coverage.
Project Investments
We continuously analyze potential growth opportunities. The study and profitability assessment of our project portfolio is an ongoing effort. Industry technology allows for smaller, less environmentally damaging power plants. These plants can be built more quickly, allow greater flexibility to activate or deactivate according to system needs, and are preferred by our stakeholders. We favor renewable energy technology for our new power plant investments and seek opportunities by building new greenfield projects or modernizing existing brownfield assets and improving operational or environmental performance. Each project’s expected start-up is assessed and defined based on the commercial opportunities and our financing capacity to fund these projects. All our projects are financed with internally generated funds. Our project investments are ordinarily submitted for internal approvals in U.S. dollars, but occasionally they may be approved in another currency, including euros. The total amount invested as of the last fiscal year is presented in our functional currency, while the total approved investment is in the currency in which the project investment was approved, which may be different.
Below we list our most important projects completed, under construction, and under development during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. However, any decision related to construction will depend on commercial opportunities foreseen in the upcoming years, including future tenders for supplying the regulated market and the evolution of the regulatory framework (mainly associated with ancillary services). Budgeted
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amounts include connecting lines that could be owned by third parties and paid as tolls unless otherwise indicated. The financing for all our projects described below comes from internally generated sources.
Distribution and Networks and Transmission Businesses Projects
In 2022 our subsidiaries Enel Distribution, its subsidiary Enel Colina, and Enel Transmission, which was sold on December 9, 2022, invested a total of Ch$ 145.1 billion in projects related to our customers’ natural growth rate, service quality requirements, and safety and information system needs.
The most relevant investments in 2022 include the following:
Generation Business Projects
Projects Completed in 2022
Cerro Pabellón Geothermal Extension Project
The Cerro Pabellón extension project is a geothermal energy plant with a net installed capacity of 32 MW and is in the Antofagasta Region in northern Chile. It has synergies with our Cerro Pabellón geothermal project and uses existing infrastructure such as a substation and a transmission line.
The total investment has been US$ 131.1 million. Construction began in August 2019, and the project was completed in June 2022, reaching commercial operation in December 2022.
Finis Terrae Solar Extension Project
The Finis Terrae extension project is a PV solar power plant in María Elena in the Antofagasta Region in northern Chile and has a net installed capacity of 126 MW.
The project has strong operational synergies with EGP Chile’s existing Finis Terrae power plant and uses the same transmission infrastructure. A new bay unit and new power transformer was installed in the current substation for interconnection purposes.
The total investment has been US$ 119.5 million. Construction began in May 2020, and the project was completed in 2022. We expect the project to reach commercial operation in 2023.
Finis Terrae 3 Solar Project
The Finis Terrae 3 solar project is in the Antofagasta Region of Chile. It has a net installed capacity of 18 MW and is an extension of the Finis Terrae Solar Extension project.
The total approved investment was US$ 11.1 million, of which US$ 6.4 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in August 2021, and the project was completed in 2022. We expect the project to reach commercial operation in 2023.
Guanchoi Solar Project (f.k.a. Campos del Sol II)
The Guanchoi solar project is in Copiapó in the Atacama Region and has a net installed capacity of 398 MW. Guanchoi is a PV solar power plant consisting of 893,508 crystalline bifacial PV modules with a solar tracking system. The project site occupies approximately 1,000 hectares.
The project connects to the Bella Mónica step-up substation, located between Campos del Sol I and Guanchoi. Bella Mónica is located 8 km from the Illapa substation, owned by Celeo Redes Chile Ltda., and is connected through a 220 kV transmission line.
The total approved investment was US$ 313.5 million, of which US$ 293.8 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in July 2021, and the project was completed in 2022. We expect the project to reach commercial operation in 2023
Pilot Green Hydrogen Project
The Pilot Green Hydrogen Project is in the Magallanes Region in southern Chile. The region has one of the best wind conditions due to its proximity to Antarctica. The project expects to produce 20.5 kg of hydrogen per hour through a wind farm, with 3.4 MW of net installed capacity and an electrolyzer with a net installed capacity of 1.2 MW.
The total approved investment was US$ 4.1 million, of which US$ 2.4 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in August 2021, and the project was completed in 2022, reaching commercial operation in 2022.
PMGD I Solar Project (Caracoles, La Colonia, Piduco, and Rinconada)
Caracoles, La Colonia, Piduco, and Rinconada are part of the PMGD I Solar Project, which consists of a portfolio of eight solar PV plants to develop 54 MW of net installed capacity in the Metropolitan, O’Higgins, and Maule Regions of Chile. The four plants (Carcoles, La Colonia, Piduco, and Rinconada) total 27 MW of net installed capacity, and each plant is connected to distribution lines.
The total approved investment for the four solar plants was US$ 19.2 million, of which US$ 18.6 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in August 2021, and the four solar plants were completed in 2022. We expect the project to reach commercial operation in 2023.
PMGD II Solar Project
Coinco, Don Rodrigo, and El Sharon are part of the PMGD II Solar Project, which consists of a portfolio of three solar PV plants in the Maule Region of Chile to develop 11 MW of net installed capacity. The three plants (Coinco (f.k.a. Valera) 3 MW, Don Rodrigo – 5 MW, and El Sharon – 3 MW) are connected to distribution lines.
The total approved investment was US$ 9.9 million, of which US$ 9.2 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in July 2021, and the project was completed in 2022. We expect the project to reach commercial operation in 2023.
Valle del Sol Solar Project
The Valle del Sol PV solar project is in the Atacama Desert, approximately 100 km west of Calama in the Antofagasta Region in northern Chile.
It is a greenfield solar project with a net installed capacity of 163 MW that consists of 406,980 monocrystalline bifacial PV modules with a solar tracking system. The project site occupies 320 hectares. Valle del Sol will connect to the Miraje substation through a new 220 kV bay. The connection solution includes a step-up substation, one main transformer of 130/160 MVA (33/220 kV), and an interconnection 10 km, 220 kV transmission line.
The total investment has been US$ 142.5 million. Construction began in 2021, and the project was completed in 2022. We expect the project to reach commercial operation in 2023.
San Isidro Power Plant Upgrade
The San Isidro power plant is a combined cycle plant in the Valparaiso Region in central Chile. The power plant has two combined-cycle units (Unit 1 and Unit 2), limited by environmental authorizations to 740 MW of net installed capacity. The project consists of upgrading the existing gas turbine to improve the efficiency of both units and recover 15 MW for each unit, within the approved environmental permit.
The total approved investment was € 23.2 million (US$ 24.8 million as of December 31, 2022), of which € 8 million (US$ 8.6 million) had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Of the remaining amount, € 9 million (US$ 9.6 million) and € 6.2 million (US$ 6.6 million) will be incurred in 2023 and 2024, respectively. The project began in September 2022 and was completed in November 2022. We expect Unit 2 and Unit 1 to reach commercial operation in 2023 and 2024, respectively.
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Projects under Construction in 2022
El Manzano Solar Project
El Manzano solar project is located 30 km north of Santiago in the Metropolitan Region. It is a greenfield solar project with a net installed capacity of 99 MW that consists of 162,000 monocrystalline bifacial PV modules as well as a solar tracking system. The power plant will be able to incorporate a BESS in the future. The project site occupies 185 hectares. El Manzano will connect to the El Manzano substation, owned by Enel Distribution, through a 6.3 km medium-voltage transmission line.
The total approved investment is US$ 88.6 million, of which US$ 41.5 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect the project to be completed in 2023-2024.
La Cabaña Wind Farm and BESS
The La Cabaña wind farm is in the Araucanía Region in southern Chile and has a net installed capacity of 106 MW and includes a BESS with a storage capacity of 34 MW. The project will connect to the national system through the Renaico wind farm substation.
The total approved investment is US$ 184 million, of which US$ 93.9 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in 2022, and we expect the project to be completed in 2023.
PMGD I Solar Project (Cabimas – f.k.a. Curamachi; and Pataguas – f.k.a. Agrovision)
Cabimas and Pataguas are part of the PMGD I Solar Project, which consists of a portfolio of eight solar PV plants to develop 54 MW of net installed capacity in the Metropolitan, O’Higgins, and Maule Regions of Chile. Each project is or will be connected to distribution lines.
Four projects (Caracoles, La Colonia, Piduco, and Rinconada) were completed in 2022, and currently two additional projects (Cabimas (f.k.a. Curamachi) and Pataguas (f.k.a. Agrovision) are under construction, with a total of 21 MW of net installed capacity.
The total approved investment for the two projects is US$ 18 million, of which US$ 15.2 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in August 2021, and we expect the projects to be completed in 2023.
PMGD III Solar Project
The PMGD III Solar Project consists of a portfolio of three solar PV plants (Bandurrias, Graneros, and Maitencillo), in central Chile. Each project has a net installed capacity of 3 MW, for a total of 9 MW of net installed capacity. Each plant will be connected to distribution lines.
The total approved investment for these three projects is US$ 9.4 million, of which US$ 5.8 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect construction to begin in 2023 and the projects to be completed in 2024.
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PMGD IV Solar Project
The PMGD IV Solar Project consists of a portfolio of three solar PV plants (Doña Rubena, Hijuelas IV, and Mora) to develop 9 MW of net installed capacity in the Metropolitan and Maule Regions of Chile. Each project will be connected to distribution lines. The land has been secured and environmental approval has been obtained.
The total approved investment is US$ 9.4 million, of which US$ 5.1 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect construction to begin in 2023 and the projects to be completed in 2024.
Renaico II Wind Project
The Renaico II wind project is in the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. It consists of a 144 MW power plant with two wind farms: (i) the Las Viñas project, including a 58.5 MW wind power plant built by EGP Chile; and (ii) the Puelche project, which consists of an 85.5 MW wind power plant developed independently by Pacific Energy. The Puelche project was acquired in its entirety by EGP Chile.
The project consists of 32 wind turbine generators and will be interconnected to SEN through the existing Renaico I 220 kV substation. A new bay will be installed in the substation with a main transformer of 165 MVA. The Renaico II wind project has potential synergies with EGP Chile’s operational Renaico I wind project and will use existing infrastructure such as a substation and a transmission line. The land has been secured, and the environmental approvals were obtained.
The total approved investment is US$ 221.5 million, of which US$ 186.2 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in April 2020. As of December 2022, 72 MW of net installed capacity had been connected. We expect the remainder of the project to be completed in 2023.
Sierra Gorda Solar Project
The Sierra Gorda PV solar project is in Sierra Gorda, near Calama, in the Antofagasta Region in northern Chile. The PV solar power plant has a net installed capacity of 205 MW, which was reduced from 357 MW in February 2023. The site occupies 850 hectares, with a perimeter of approximately 28 km.
It is a greenfield project inside the existing Sierra Gorda wind farm owned by EGP Chile. The project has five main areas for PV modules inside the wind farm and an independent space for the medium voltage/high voltage substation. It consists of 830,000 monocrystalline bifacial PV modules with a solar tracking system. The project will connect to the Centinela substation located 19 km from the solar plant, in the Centinela substation owned by Red Eléctrica Chile.
The total approved investment is US$ 306.5 million, of which US$ 231.8 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in July 2021, and we expect the project to be completed in 2023.
Los Cóndores Hydroelectric Project
The Los Cóndores project is in the Maule Region, in the San Clemente area in central Chile. It consists of a 150 MW run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant, with two Pelton vertical water turbine units that will
55
use water from the Maule Lagoon reservoir through a pressure tunnel. The power plant will be connected to SEN at the Ancoa substation (220 kV) through an 87 km transmission line.
The total approved investment is US$ 1.15 billion, of which US$ 1.1 billion had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. Construction began in April 2014, and we expect the project to be completed in 2024.
Rapel Hydroelectric Repowering Project
The Rapel Hydroelectric Repowering project is being carried out within our existing 375 MW Rapel power plant in the O’Higgins Region in central Chile. Rapel is a reservoir hydroelectric power plant with five Francis vertical units that use water from the Rapel River.
The project involves replacing two turbines (Unit 3 and Unit 4) installed in 1968 with an efficiency rate of less than 85%. The turbines will have a new hydraulic design, offering improved efficiency and a more extensive operation range. We expect to increase our net installed capacity by 2 MW (1 MW for each unit) and produce 67 GWh/year of new energy. The contract was awarded in September 2020, and the contractor’s basic design activities began immediately.
The engineering design has been completed while model tests and the principal manufacturing activities have been executed. Supply for Unit 3 arrived at the project site in August 2022, and transport of Unit 4 supply began in December 2022. Site activities for both units were postponed until 2023 due to a lack of technical capability of a subcontractor. The project’s principal contractor is currently in the process of selecting a new subcontractor.
The total approved investment is US$ 11.9 million, of which US$ 5.1 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect both units to be installed and the project to be completed in 2023.
Projects under Development in 2022
We are currently evaluating the development of the following projects, which we classify as “under development.” We will decide whether to proceed or not with each project depending on the commercial and other opportunities foreseen in upcoming years, as well as future tender prices for supplying the energy requirements of the regulated market and negotiations with existing or new unregulated customers.
Andino Las Pataguas Solar Project
The Andinos Las Pataguas Solar project is in San Pedro in the Metropolitan Region. The project has a net installed capacity of 100 MW and includes a BESS with a storage capacity of 60 MW. The plant will be built on approximately 270 hectares and connected to the Las Arañas substation at 110 kV. The land has been secured, and environmental approval is in progress.
The total estimated investment is US$ 200 million, none of which had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect construction to start in 2024 and the project to be completed in 2025.
Don Humberto Solar Project and BESS
Don Humberto is a solar project located in the Metropolitan Region. The project has a net installed capacity of 79 MW and includes a BESS with a storage capacity of 67 MW. The land has been secured, and environmental approval has been obtained.
The total approved investment is US$ 137.8 million, of which US$ 11.3 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect construction to begin in 2023 and the project to be completed in 2024.
Ovejera Sur Wind Project
The Ovejera Sur Wind project is in La Unión in Los Ríos Region. The project has a net installed capacity of 170 MW and includes a BESS with a storage capacity of 100 MW. The project consists of 38 wind turbines with a net installed capacity of approximately 4.5 MW each. The project will be built on approximately 5,500 hectares and will connect to the grid through the new Pichirropulli substation (220 kV). The land has been secured, and environmental approval is in process.
The total estimated investment is US$ 274 million, none of which had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect construction to begin in 2024 and the project to be completed in 2025.
Rihue Wind Farm and BESS
The Rihue wind farm is in the Bio-Bio Region in southern Chile and has a net installed capacity of 120 MW and includes a BESS with a storage capacity of 34 MW. The project will connect to the national system through the Renaico Wind Farm substation.
The total approved investment is US$ 205.1 million, of which US$ 42.5 million had been incurred as of December 31, 2022. We expect the project to be completed in 2024.
Major Encumbrances
As of December 31, 2022, we did not have any major encumbrances.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Introduction
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in this Report. The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2022, and 2021, and for the three years ended December 31, 2022, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Report. Our consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB.
The tables are expressed in millions, except for ratios, operating data, and data for shares and ADS. For the reader’s convenience, all data presented in U.S. dollars in the following summary, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, has been converted at the U.S. dollar Observed Exchange Rate for that date of
Ch$ 855.86 per US$ 1.00. The Observed Exchange Rate, which is reported and published daily on the Central Bank of Chile’s web page, corresponds to the weighted-average exchange rate of the previous business day’s transactions in the Formal Exchange Market.
The following tables set forth our selected consolidated financial data and operating data for the years indicated:
For the year ended December 31,
2022(1)
(US$ millions)
(Ch$ millions)
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income Data
Revenues and other operating income
5,791
Raw materials and consumables used
(3,972)
(3,399,524)
(2,011,305)
(1,374,445)
Employee benefits expenses and other work capitalized, depreciation, amortization and impairment losses, and other expense, by nature
(753)
(644,551)
(584,330)
(1,245,212)
Operating income (loss)
1,066
912,357
259,594
(34,255)
Financial results(2)
(139)
(118,939)
(157,059)
(112,435)
Other gains
1,147
981,981
10,137
9,489
Share of profit (loss) of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method
3,282
3,177
3,509
Income (loss) before income taxes
2,078
1,778,681
115,849
(133,692)
Income taxes
(549)
(469,697)
(15,139)
81,305
Net income
1,529
1,308,984
100,710
(52,387)
Net income attributable to the parent Company
1,463
1,252,082
85,154
(50,860)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
66
56,902
15,556
(1,527)
Total basic and diluted earnings per average number of shares (Ch$/US$ per share)
0.021
18.10
1.23
(0.74)
Total basic and diluted earnings per average number of ADS (Ch$/US$ per ADS)
1.058
905.12
61.56
(36.77)
Cash dividends per share (Ch$/US$ per share)
0.00043
0.37
3.08
4.23
Cash dividends per ADS (Ch$/US$ per ADS)
0.022
18.47
154.00
211.50
Weighted average number of shares of common stock (millions)
69,167
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position Data
Total assets
13,864
11,865,580
9,500,324
7,904,472
Non-current liabilities
5,034
4,308,149
4,021,504
3,264,717
Equity attributable to the parent company
4,787
4,097,201
3,097,868
3,351,916
Equity attributable to non-controlling interests
341
291,738
248,625
242,359
Total equity
5,128
4,388,939
3,346,493
3,594,275
Capital stock (3)
4,536
3,882,103
Exchange Rates
Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the price in Chilean pesos of our shares of common stock on the Chilean Stock Exchanges. These fluctuations in the exchange rate affect the price of our ADS and the conversion of cash dividends relating to the common shares represented by ADS from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars. Also, to the extent that our significant financial liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies, fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate may significantly impact our earnings.
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There are two currency markets in Chile, the Formal Exchange Market (Mercado Cambiario Formal) and the Informal Exchange Market (Mercado Cambiario Informal). The Formal Exchange Market consists of banks and other entities authorized by the Central Bank of Chile. The Informal Exchange Market includes entities that are not expressly permitted to operate in the Formal Exchange Market, such as stockbrokers, securities agents, and foreign currency exchange houses, among others. The Central Bank of Chile has the authority to require that certain purchases and sales of foreign currencies be made on the Formal Exchange Market. Free market forces drive both the Formal and Informal Exchange Markets. Current regulations require that the Central Bank of Chile be informed of transactions that must be executed through the Formal Exchange Market.
The U.S. dollar Observed Exchange Rate, which is reported by the Central Bank of Chile and published daily on its web page, is the weighted-average exchange rate of the previous business day’s transactions in the Formal Exchange Market. Nevertheless, the Central Bank of Chile may intervene by buying or selling foreign currency on the Formal Exchange Market to attempt to maintain the Observed Exchange Rate within the desired range. Foreign currency for payments and distributions concerning the ADS are purchased and remitted in the Formal Exchange Market.
Calculation of the appreciation or devaluation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar in any given period is made by determining the percent change between the reciprocals of the Chilean peso equivalent of US$ 1.00 at the end of the preceding period and the end of the period for which the calculation is being made. For example, to calculate the appreciation of the year-end Chilean peso in 2022, one determines the percentage change between the reciprocal of Ch$ 844.69, the value of one U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2021, or 0.0011839, and the reciprocal of Ch$ 855.86, the value of one U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2022, or 0.0011684. In this example, the percentage change between the two dates is 1.3%, representing the 2022 year-end depreciation of the Chilean peso against the 2021 year-end U.S. dollar. A positive percentage change means that the Chilean peso appreciated against the U.S. dollar, while a negative percentage change means that the Chilean peso devaluated against the U.S. dollar.
The following table sets forth the period-end rates for U.S. dollars for the years ended December 31, 2018, through December 31, 2022, based on information published by the Central Bank of Chile.
Ch$ per US$(1)
Period End
Appreciation (Devaluation)
(in Ch$)
855.86
(1.3)
844.69
(15.8)
710.95
5.3
2019
748.74
(7.2)
2018
694.77
(11.5)
Source: Central Bank of Chile.
A. Operating Results
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, included in Item 18 in this Report, and the selected financial data included above. Our
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audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022, and 2021 and for each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB.
1.
Discussion of Main Factors Affecting Operating Results and Financial Condition of the Company
Through our subsidiaries, we own and operate electricity generation and distribution companies in Chile. Our revenues, income, and cash flow are derived primarily from the operations of our subsidiaries and associates in Chile.
Factors such as (i) hydrological conditions, (ii) fuel prices, (iii) regulatory developments, (iv) extraordinary actions adopted by governmental authorities, and (v) changes in economic conditions may materially affect our financial results. Our results from operations and financial condition are affected by variations in the exchange rate between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar. We have certain critical accounting policies that affect our consolidated operating results. For the years covered by this Report, the impact of these factors on us is discussed below.
On November 2, 2019, the Chilean Ministry of Energy published Law No. 21,185 (the “Tariff Stabilization Law”), which established a transitional mechanism for stabilizing customers’ electricity prices under the regulated price system. In 2021, we executed an agreement to sell up to US$ 290 million of the accounts receivables generated through this mechanism with Goldman Sachs and the Inter-American Development Bank.
On September 14, 2020, the CNE published Exempt Resolution No. 340, which modified the technical provisions for implementing the Tariff Stabilization Law. This Resolution clarified that the payment to each supplier must be imputed to the payment of balances chronologically, first paying off the oldest balances and then the newest ones, and not on a weighted basis over the total payment balances pending, as the industry had interpreted before said date.
On August 2, 2022, the Chilean Ministry of Energy published Law No. 21,472, which establishes a Temporary Customer Protection Mechanism (Mecanismo de Protección al Cliente or “MPC” in its Spanish acronym) that stabilizes energy prices in the SEN and medium-sized systems in addition to those established by the Tariff Stabilization Law for regulated customers under the Electricity Law. The purpose of the MPC is to pay for the differences that may arise between the billing of the distribution companies to end customers and the amount payable to generation companies. The resources available for the MPC may not exceed US$ 1,800 million. This mechanism will be extended until the balances contemplated in the law are extinguished.
The effects of the Tariff Stabilization Law as of December 31, 2022, and 2021 are described in Note 9a.1 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
On November 21, 2022, Law No. 21,505 was published, which encourages the storage of electric power through remuneration for energy, power sufficiency, and complementary services to energy storage systems, as well as electromobility through a temporary price reduction of the registration certificate for electric vehicles. This law enables new electromobility business models and the option to charge electric vehicles batteries through the provision of services to the grid. In addition, it incorporates projects related to generation and consumption infrastructure for renewable energy projects, plus storage in order to withdraw energy from and inject surpluses into the electric system.
By the first half of 2023, the Chilean Ministry of Energy plans to resubmit to the Comptroller of the Republic a new electric power regulation that will modify the electric capacity market, outline an efficiency
factor affecting high variable cost generation units, and modify the methodology for recognition for sufficient power for hybrid and pure storage systems to eliminate technological discretion. In addition, companies will be able to choose to stay under the current methodology or to migrate to the proposed methodology immediately. Finally, the regulations will modify the capacity market demand.
In 2021 and 2020, we recorded impairment costs associated with accelerating the closures of the Tarapacá, Bocamina I, and Bocamina II coal-fired power plants (see Notes 16.c.iv and 31.b. of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements).
On July 3, 2020, the CNE issued Exempt Resolution No. 237 authorizing the final withdrawal, disconnection, and termination of operations of the Bocamina I generation unit on December 31, 2020.
Regarding Bocamina II, we also intended to accelerate its closure, promoting the discontinuation of its operations in strict coordination with the Chilean government. In this context, on July 23, 2020, the CNE issued Exempt Resolution No. 266 authorizing the final withdrawal, disconnection, and termination of operations of the Bocamina II generation unit as of May 31, 2022.
On May 3, 2022, the CNE issued Exempt Resolution No. 325, which, based on technical studies and system operation projections, ordered Enel Generation to perform the final withdrawal, disconnection, and termination of operations at the Bocamina II generation unit beginning on September 30, 2022, in accordance with article No. 72-18 of the Electricity Law.
At the end of 2022, we decided not to proceed with certain projects, which resulted in Enel Generation writing off assets for ThCh$ 22,912,146, which were mainly associated with thermal and hydroelectric projects, including the Quintero and Vallecito projects. Likewise, EGP Chile wrote off ThCh$ 29,887,851 associated with a geothermal project, which was being developed in the Antofagasta region. See Notes 16.c). v) and 32 to the Notes of our consolidated financial statements.
On December 9, 2022, we completed the sale of our subsidiary Enel Transmission to Sociedad Transmisora Metropolitana S.p.A. (a subsidiary of Inversiones Grupo Saesa Ltda.). The sale was made through an initial public offering between November 7 and December 6, 2022. Consequently, all the shares of Enel Transmission owned by us, equivalent to 99.09%, were transferred to the new controlling shareholder. The gain recorded on this sale amounted to ThCh$ 981,856,639. See Notes 5.2 and 33 to the Notes of our consolidated financial statements.
On December 19, 2022, Enel Generation amended its gas supply contract with Shell Global LNG Limited (“Shell”), primarily to reduce the volume of gas to be purchased. The contract amendments involved a US$ 520 million payment by Shell to Enel Generation, which was recorded as other operating income in 2022. The reduction in the volume of gas purchased by Enel Generation aligns with the total projected gas surplus upon fulfilling the Company’s contractual commitments. See Note 28 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
A substantial part of our generation capacity is hydroelectric and depends on the prevailing hydrological conditions in Chile. Our net installed capacity as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was 8,408 MW, 7,973 MW, and 7,118 MW, respectively, of which 41.7%, 44.5%, and 49.9% were hydroelectric, respectively. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — D. Property, Plant and Equipment.”
Hydroelectric generation was 9,768 GWh, 7,743 GWh, and 9,712 GWh in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Our hydroelectric generation increased in 2022 compared to 2021, mainly related to better hydrological conditions.
Hydrological conditions in Chile can range from very wet, as a result of several years of abundant rainfall with lakes at their peak capacity, to extremely dry, as a consequence of a prolonged drought lasting for several years, the partial or material depletion of water reservoirs, and the significant reduction of snow and ice in the mountains, which in turn leads to materially lower levels of available water as a consequence of lower melts. There is a wide range of possible hydrological conditions between these two extremes, and their final effect on us often depends on accumulated hydrology. For instance, a new year with drought conditions has a smaller impact on us if it follows several abundant rainfall periods instead of exacerbating a prolonged drought. Likewise, an abundant hydrological year has a smaller marginal effect after several wet years instead of after a prolonged drought.
In Chile, the period of the year that typically has the most precipitation is from May through August. The period in which snow and ice in the mountains melt at higher levels is during the warmer months, from October through March, providing water flow to lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, which supply our hydroelectric plants, most of which are located in southern Chile.
We generally classify our hydrological conditions as either dry or wet, although there are several other intermediate scenarios. Extreme hydrological conditions materially affect our operating results and financial condition. However, it is difficult to indicate the effects of hydrology on our operating income without concurrently considering other factors. Our operating income can only be explained by looking at a combination of factors.
Hydrological conditions affect electricity market prices, generation costs, spot prices, tariffs, and the mix of hydroelectric, thermal, and NCRE generation. CEN is constantly defining the mix to minimize the operating costs of the entire system. According to the current regulatory framework, the price at which energy is traded on the spot market (known as the “spot price”) is determined by the system’s marginal cost. The marginal cost is the cost of the most expensive power plant in operation, given an efficiency-based dispatch. The regulations also consider capacity payments to generators, which remunerates each power plant’s installed capacity according to its availability and contribution to the system’s safety. This capacity payment is determined by the regulator every six months. Hydroelectric and NCRE generation is almost always the least expensive generation technology and typically have a marginal cost close to zero. Water from reservoirs used to generate electricity, on the other hand, is assigned an opportunity cost for the use of water, which may lead to hydroelectric generation using water from reservoirs having a high cost in extended drought conditions. Our thermal generation cost does not depend on hydrological conditions but instead on international commodity prices for LNG and diesel. Solar and wind sources are currently the NCRE technologies most widely used. NCRE facilities can dispatch energy to the system at very low marginal costs, but they depend on the wind blowing or the sun shining.
Spot prices primarily depend on hydrological conditions and commodity prices and, to a lesser extent, on NCRE availability. Under most circumstances, abundant hydrological conditions lower spot prices while dry conditions usually increase spot prices. Spot market prices affect our results because we must purchase electricity in the spot market when our contracted energy sales are more than our generation. We sell electricity in the spot market when we have electricity surpluses.
Hydrological conditions do not have an isolated effect but need to be evaluated along with other factors to understand the impact on our operating results better. Many different factors may affect our operating
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income, including the level of contracted sales, purchases and sales in the spot market, commodity prices, energy demand and supply, technical and unforeseen problems that can affect the availability of our thermal plants, plant locations in relation to urban demand centers, and transmission system conditions, among others.
To illustrate the effects of hydrology on our operating results, the following table describes certain hydrological conditions, their expected effects on spot prices and generation, and the expected impact on our operating income, assuming that other factors remain unchanged.
Hydrologicalconditions
Expected effects on spot pricesand generation
Expected impact on our operating results
Dry
Higher spot prices
Positive: if our generation is higher than our contracted energy sales, energy surpluses are sold in the spot market at higher prices.
Negative: if our generation is lower than our contracted sales, we have an energy deficit and must purchase energy in the spot market at higher prices.
Reduced hydroelectric generation
Negative: less energy available to sell in the spot market.
Increased thermal generation
Positive: increases our energy available for sale and either reduces spot market purchases or increases spot market sales at higher prices.
Wet
Lower spot prices
Positive: if our generation is lower than contracted energy sales, the energy deficit is covered by spot market purchases at lower prices.
Negative: if we have energy surpluses, they are sold in the spot market at lower prices.
Increased hydroelectric generation
Positive: more energy available to sell in the spot market at lower prices.
Reduced thermal generation
If factors other than those described above apply, the expected impact of hydrological conditions on operating results will differ from those shown above. For instance, in a dry year with lower commodity prices, spot prices may decrease, or in a wet year, if demand increases or generation plants are not available for
63
technical or other reasons, the spot price may increase, altering the impact of hydrological conditions discussed in the table above.
Our electricity distribution business is conducted through Enel Distribution in the Santiago metropolitan area, providing electricity to approximately 2.1 million customers. Santiago is Chile’s most densely populated area and has the highest concentration of industries, industrial parks, and office facilities.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, electricity sales were 17,534 GWh, representing a 5.2% increase compared to 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, electricity sales amounted to 16,668 GWh, representing a 1.1% increase compared to 2020.
Distribution and networks revenues are mainly derived from the resale of electricity purchased from generators. Revenues associated with distribution include the recovery of the cost of electricity purchased and the resulting revenues from the “Value Added from Distribution,” or VAD, plus the physical energy losses permitted by the regulator. Other revenues derived from our distribution and networks business typically consist of networks revenues, charges for new connections and maintenance, and rental of meters, among others. It also includes revenues from public lighting, infrastructure projects mainly associated with real estate development, and energy efficiency solutions, including air conditioning equipment, LED lights, etc., in all cases, including customers outside of our concession area.
Although these other revenue sources have increased, our core business continues to be the distribution of electricity at regulated prices. Therefore, the electricity regulatory framework has a substantive impact on our distribution business results. In particular, regulators set distribution tariffs considering the cost of electricity purchases paid by distribution companies (which distribution companies pass on to their customers) and the VAD, all of which are intended to reflect the investment and operating costs incurred by distribution and generation companies and to allow them to earn a regulated level of return on their investments and guarantee service quality and reliability. Our earnings are determined to a large degree by government regulation, mainly through the tariff setting process. Our ability to purchase electricity relies heavily on generation availability and, to a lesser degree, regulation. The cost of electricity purchases is passed on to end-users through tariffs that are set for multi-year periods. Therefore, variations in the price at which a distribution company purchases electricity do not impact our profitability.
In the past, we focused on reducing physical losses, especially those due to illegally tapped energy. Our physical losses have generally been around 5% for the 2019-2022 period, a level close to our concession’s distribution technical loss threshold. Reducing losses below this level requires additional investments to reduce illegal tapping and would not be expected to have an economically attractive return. Currently, we are working instead on improving our efficiency, primarily through new technologies to automate our networks as well as in increasing our quality of service to enhance the effectiveness of our facilities, profitability of our business and increase our capacity to satisfy our growing number of customers and their increasing demands.
Enel Distribution’s tariff review process, which set the tariffs for the 2016-2020 period, was finalized in August 2017. The new tariffs were applied retroactively as of November 2016, and the review did not have a significant effect on Enel Distribution’s tariffs. Tariffs for residential, commercial, and industrial customers changed, but the changes offset each other, and Enel Distribution’s revenues remained stable. In September 2018, there was an extraordinary tariff update process, which was not-retroactive and will be in effect until the tariff-setting process for the 2020-2024 period is completed. This tariff increase recognizes the
necessary investments to comply with the new requirements on the quality-of-service standards. Tariff reviews seek to capture distribution efficiencies and economies of scale resulting from economic growth.
The technical bases for the tariff-setting process for the 2020-2024 period were published at the end of the first half of 2020. This is the first tariff-setting process where the CNE determined the tariff by a single study performed by CNE. In the tariff-setting process for 2016-2020, the tariff was calculated using a weighted average between the Reference Company study (one-third) and the CNE study (two-thirds). During the second half of 2020, the consulting company that carried out the study was assigned. On December 23, 2022, the CNE approved the Technical Report on the Calculation of Components of Distribution Value Added for the 2020-2024 period, through Exempt Resolution No. 908. The 2020-2024 tariff setting process should be concluded in 2023.
On December 21, 2019, the Chilean Ministry of Energy issued Law No. 21,194 (the “Distribution Short Law”) that reduces distribution companies’ rate of return and improves the electricity distribution tariff setting process. The Distribution Short Law eliminates the prior methodology that involved weighing the results of the VAD study performed by the CNE (two-thirds) and the VAD study performed by distribution companies (one-third) and replaces it by using only the CNE’s VAD study. The discount rate in the calculation of the annual investment cost was also modified. The previous 10% real annual pre-tax discount rate was replaced by a 6% real annual after-tax discount rate to be applied in the following tariff setting process that began on November 4, 2020. The after-tax economic rate of return of distribution companies may not be more than 2 percentage points higher or 3 percentage points lower than the rate determined by the CNE. The new tariff for the following four-year tariff period will be defined during the first half of 2022 and will be effective retroactively as of November 2020.
In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Basic Services Law was published on August 8, 2020, providing exceptional measures for end-users of health services, electricity, and natural gas. The law prohibits electricity distribution companies from cutting services for residential customers, small businesses, hospitals, and firefighters, among others, due to late payment for 90 days following the publication of the law. Also, unpaid amounts accrued from March 18, 2020, to November 30, 2020, may be paid in up to 12 equal and consecutive monthly installments, beginning in December 2020. The monthly installments may not include fines, interest, or associated expenses.
On December 29, 2020, Law No. 21,301 was ratified and extended the Basic Services Law, increasing the prohibition on cutting off services from 90 days to 270 days, as well as the maximum number of monthly installments from 12 to 36. On May 13, 2021, Law No. 21,340 was enacted, which extended the effects of the Basic Services Law until December 31, 2021. Additionally, the number of installments was increased to a maximum of 48 monthly installments from 36 monthly installments.
On February 11, 2022, Law No. 21,423 established a payment schedule for all debts arising from the application of the Basic Services Law, through which each customer may pay their debt in 48 equal monthly installments, with a maximum limit equivalent to 15% of their average billing. The balance of the debt that may not be covered in the 48 installments will be absorbed by the distribution company.
On August 2, 2022, Law No. 21,472 was published, which complements Law No. 21,185 by creating a new stabilization fund program and establishing the MPC, a new transitory mechanism for stabilizing customers’ electricity prices under the regulated price system. The purpose of the MPC is to limit the increase in electricity bills for regulated customers during 2022 and to allow such increases to occur gradually over the next 10 years. The resources available for the MPC may not exceed US$1,800 million. The MPC will be extended until the balances contemplated in the law are extinguished.
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As a result of the application of these mentioned laws as of December 31, 2022, our current and non-current accounts receivable increased, revenues from energy sales decreased, costs from energy purchases decreased, and financial income increased due to lower financial costs. Please see Notes 9 and 34 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
c.
Economic Conditions
Macroeconomic conditions, such as economic growth or recessions, changes in employment levels, and inflation or deflation, may significantly affect our operating results. Macroeconomic factors, such as the variation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar, may impact our operating results, as well as our assets and liabilities, depending on the amounts denominated in U.S. dollars. For example, a devaluation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar increases the cost of capital expenditure plans and the cost of servicing U.S. dollar debt. For additional information, see “Item 3. Key Information — C. Risk Factors — Foreign exchange risks may unfavorably affect our results and the U.S. dollar value of dividends payable to ADS holders.” and “Item 3. Key Information — C. Risk Factors — Fluctuations in the Chilean economy, economic interventionist measures by governmental authorities, political and financial events, or other crises in Chile and worldwide may affect our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and the value of our securities.”
The following table sets forth the closing and average Chilean pesos per U.S. dollar exchange rates for the years indicated:
Local Currency U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates
Average
Year End
Chilean pesos per U.S. dollar
871.19
759.06
790.92
Source: Central Bank of Chile
2.
Analysis of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, and 2021
Consolidated Revenues and other operating income
The following table sets forth our revenues and other operating income by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021:
Years ended December 31,
Change
Generation Business
Enel Generation, EGP Chile, and subsidiaries
1,924,471
Distribution and Networks Business
Enel Distribution, Enel Transmission, and subsidiary
252,889
Non-electricity business and consolidation adjustments
(76,158)
Total Revenues and Other Operating Income
2,101,202
Generation Business: Revenues and other operating income
Revenues and other operating income from our generation business increased Ch$ 1,924.5 billion, or 98.5%, in 2022 compared to 2021, due to:
These effects were partially offset by lower revenue from commodity hedges for Ch$ 45.8 billion.
Distribution and Networks Business: Revenues and other operating income
Revenues and other operating income from our distribution and networks business increased Ch$ 252.9 billion, or 21.0%, in 2022 compared to 2021 primarily due to:
This effect was partly offset by:
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Total raw materials and consumables used
The following table set forth our total raw materials and consumables used for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021 by business segment.
2,573,293
1,346,982
1,226,311
91.0
1,194,700
974,858
219,842
22.6
(368,469)
(310,535)
(57,934)
(18.7)
Total Raw materials and consumables used
3,399,524
2,011,305
1,388,219
69.0
Generation Business: Raw materials and consumables used
Raw materials and consumables used in our generation business increased Ch$ 1,226.3 billion, or 91.0%, in 2022 compared to 2021, mainly due to:
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Distribution and Networks Business: Raw materials and consumables used
Raw materials and consumables used in our distribution and networks business increased by Ch$ 219.8 billion, or 22.6% in 2022 compared to 2021 mainly due to:
Total Employee benefits expenses and other work capitalized, depreciation, amortization and impairment losses, and other expense
Our employee benefits expenses and other work capitalized, depreciation, amortization and impairment losses, and other expense are comprised of salaries and other compensation expenses, depreciation, amortization and impairment losses, and office materials and supplies.
The following table set forth our employee benefits expenses and other work capitalized, depreciation, amortization and impairment losses and other expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, by business segment:
432,410
383,470
48,940
12.8
176,490
168,792
4.6
35,651
32,069
3,582
11.2
Total Employee benefits expenses and other work capitalized, depreciation, amortization and impairment losses and other expenses
644,551
584,331
60,220
10.3
Consolidated employee benefits expenses and other work capitalized, depreciation, amortization and impairment losses and other expense increased Ch$ 60.2 billion, or 10.3%, in 2022 compared to 2021, mainly due to:
These effects were mostly offset by:
Consolidated Operating Income
The following table sets forth our operating income by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021:
872,055
222,836
649,219
2.9
83,532
58,183
25,349
43.6
(43,230)
(21,425)
(21,805)
(101.8)
Total Consolidated Operating Income
652,763
2.5
Operating margin(1)
18.4%
9.1%
Our operating income in 2022 increased compared to 2021 due to the following:
Revenues totaled Ch$ 3,877.8 billion as of December 31, 2022, an increase of Ch$ 1,924.5 billion, or 98.5%, primarily due to additional gain from the Shell gas supply agreement amendment, higher physical energy sales, a higher average energy sales price when expressed in Chilean pesos, and higher gas sales.
The raw materials and consumables used totaled Ch$ 2,573.3 billion as of December 31, 2022, an increase of Ch$ 1,226.3 billion, or 91.0%, compared to 2021 mainly due to higher electricity purchase costs due to both higher physical purchases and a higher average purchase price, higher gas sales costs, and higher fuel consumption costs due to greater thermal electricity dispatch and higher commodity prices.
Other expenses increased 54.2% to Ch$ 195.6 billion as of December 31, 2022, mainly explained by the impairment of thermal generation projects due to our parent company’s decarbonization strategy, and the impairment of hydroelectric and geothermal projects that will not be implemented due to new market conditions, which altogether amounted to Ch$ 52.8 billion and were accounted for in the fourth quarter of 2022.
Revenues were Ch$ 1,454.7 billion as of December 31, 2022, an increase of Ch$ 252.9 billion, or 21.0%, compared to 2021, mainly due to higher energy sales of Ch$ 231.2 billion primarily resulting from: (i) a higher average sales price for Ch$ 181.01 billion due to a higher positive exchange rate effect; and (ii) a Ch$ 50.2 billion increase mainly due to 534 GWh of higher physical energy sales, primarily in the residential customer segment; and higher other services revenue of Ch$ 23.01 billion.
The raw materials and consumables used totaled Ch$ 1,194.7 billion as of December 31, 2022, an increase of Ch$ 219.8 billion, or 22.6%, compared to 2021, mainly due to higher energy purchases corresponding to a higher average purchase price for Ch$ 170.9 billion, and higher physical energy purchases of 527 GWh.
Operating income was mainly affected by (i) a higher depreciation and amortization of Ch$ 8.3 billion due to the greater amortization of intangible assets related to IT developments of Ch$ 7.8 billion, and also the commissioning of investment projects of Ch$ 2.7 billion, both in Enel Distribution, partially compensated by lower amortization and depreciation from Enel Transmission of Ch$ 1.9 billion, primarily due to the deconsolidation of Enel Transmission as of December 9, 2022; and (ii) an increase in other expenses, mainly due to higher maintenance and repair costs.
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Consolidated Financial and Other Results
The following table sets forth our financial and other results for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021:
Financial results
Financial income
50,415
26,420
23,995
90.8
Financial costs
(193,618)
(174,043)
(19,575)
(11.2)
Gain from indexed assets and liabilities
5,863
5,898
(35)
(0.6)
Foreign currency exchange differences
18,401
(15,334)
33,735
n.a.
Total financial results
38,120
(24.3)
Other Results
Share of the profit of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method
105
3.3
971,844
9,587.1
Total Other results
985,263
13,314
971,949
7,300.2
Total Consolidated Financial and Other Results
866,324
(143,745)
1,010,069
Financial Results
We recorded a decrease in financial results in 2022 compared to 2021, primarily attributable to:
These effects were partially offset by the following negative exchange rate difference effects:
These effects were partially offset by:
Our gain on disposal of assets increased Ch$ 971.9 billion in 2022 compared to 2021 mainly due to the sale of Enel Transmission for Ch$ 981.8 billion, which became effective on December 9, 2022. This was offset by the Ch$ 9.9 billion in income recorded in 2021 from the sale of the stake that that our subsidiary Enel Generation had in the joint control of Transmisora Eléctrica Quillota Ltda.
Consolidated Income Tax Expenses
The effective tax rate was an income tax expense of 26.4% in 2022 compared to 13.1% in 2021.
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Consolidated income tax expense increased more than 3,000% to Ch$ 469.7 billion in 2022 compared to 2021 mainly due to:
For further details, please refer to Note 19 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Net Income
The following table sets forth our consolidated net income before taxes, income tax expenses, and net income for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021:
Operating income
251.5
Financial and other results
Net Income before Taxes
1,662,832
1,435.3
Income tax (expenses)
(454,558)
(3,002.6)
1,208,274
1,199.8
Net income attributable to the Parent Company
1,166,928
1,370.4
41,346
265.8
Net income attributable to the Parent Company increased Ch$ 1,166.9 billion in 2022 compared to 2021 mainly explained by the gain on the sale of Enel Transmission, in addition to greater electricity and gas sales, and the additional gain from Enel Generation’s amendment of its gas supply agreement with Shell. Also, during 2022, thermal generation projects were impaired as a consequence of the Company’s decarbonization strategy, and hydroelectric and geothermal projects were impaired due to new market conditions.
3. Analysis of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
The comparative analysis of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, is incorporated herein by reference from Item 5.A. of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022.
B. Liquidity and capital resources.
Our main assets are our consolidated Chilean subsidiaries, Enel Generation, EGP Chile, and Enel Distribution. The following discussion of cash sources and uses reflects the key drivers of our cash flow.
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We receive cash inflows from our subsidiaries and related companies. Our subsidiaries and associates’ cash flows may not always be available to satisfy our own liquidity needs because there may be a time lag before we have access to those funds through dividends or capital reductions. However, we believe that cash flow generated from our business operations, cash balances, borrowings from commercial banks, short- and long-term intercompany loans, and ample access to the capital markets will be sufficient to satisfy all our present requirements for cash to fund our working capital, expected debt service, dividends, and planned capital expenditures in the foreseeable future, as discussed in further detail below.
Set forth below is a summary of our consolidated cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:
Net cash flows provided by operating activities
745
413
756
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
456
(736)
(555)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
(629)
293
(128)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents before the effect of exchange rates changes
572
(30)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(6)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
310
332
236
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
876
For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash flow provided by operating activities increased Ch$ 332 billion, or 80.4%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was in part the result of:
These operating activity net cash flow increases were partially offset by:
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased Ch$ 343 billion, or 45.4%, compared to the same period in 2020. The decrease was in part the result of:
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These operating activity net cash flow decreases were partially offset by:
For further information regarding our operating results in 2022, 2021, and 2020, please see “— A. Operating Results — 2. Analysis of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, and 2021” and “— 3. Analysis of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, and 2020.”
For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash flows provided by investing activities were inflows amounting to Ch$ 456 billion, representing an increase of 162%, or Ch$ 1,192 billion, compared to the same period in 2021, mainly due to:
These investing activities net cash flow increases were partially offset by:
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For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash flows used in investing activities were outflows amounting to Ch$ 736 billion, representing an increase of 32.6% or Ch$ 181 billion, compared to the same period in 2020. The aggregate investment in 2021 was mainly due to:
For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used from financing activities were Ch$ (629) billion compared to the cash provided by in financing activities of Ch$ 293 billion in 2021.
The aggregate cash payments associated with financing activities in 2022 were primarily due to:
These financing activities were partially offset by:
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash flows from financing activities were Ch$ 293 billion compared to the cash flows used in financing activities of Ch$ 128 billion in 2020.
The aggregate cash payments associated with financing activities in 2021 were primarily due to:
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For a description of liquidity risks resulting from the inability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds, please see “Item 3. Key Information — C. Risk Factors — We depend on distributions from our subsidiaries to meet our payment obligations.” Please see Notes 20 and 23 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the features and conditions of financial obligations and financial derivatives. These notes also refer to the material cash requirements of known contractual and other obligations.
The table below sets forth our cash payment of contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022:
Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligation
2023
2024-2025
2026-2027
After 2027
In billions of Ch$
Purchase obligations(1)
19,167
7,354
6,255
2,940
2,618
Bank debt(2)
2,035
419
361
446
809
Yankee bonds
1,469
342
176
951
Interest expense
1,162
276
220
501
Local bonds(2)
252
Lease obligations
231
197
Pension and post-retirement obligations(3)
Total contractual obligations (4)
24,375
7,995
7,321
3,882
5,177
We coordinate the overall financing strategy of our subsidiaries. However, our subsidiaries independently develop their capital expenditure plans and finance their capital expansion programs through internally generated funds, intercompany financings, or direct financings. In recent years, we have adopted a preference to incur debt at the Parent Company level in Enel Chile and to finance most of the obligations of our subsidiaries through intercompany loans. Among the advantages to this financing strategy is the mitigation of structural subordination risk arising from subsidiary debt, with its favorable consequences for us from the perspective of rating agency credit ratings. Furthermore, we as a holding company can frequently access liquidity from several sources on better terms and conditions than some of our subsidiaries. However, we have no legal obligations or other commitments to support our subsidiaries financially. For information regarding our commitments for capital expenditures, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — A. History and Development of the Company — Capital Investments, Capital Expenditures and Divestitures” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and capital resources.”
As of December 31, 2022, our gross consolidated interest-bearing debt totaled Ch$ 4.0 trillion, including Ch$ 1.6 trillion in debt that Enel Chile incurred with EFI, and had the following maturity profile:
Maturity Profile of Our Consolidated Interest-Bearing Debt
426
412
857
2,293
Our ADSs have been listed and traded on the NYSE since April 26, 2016. In the future, we may again tap the international equity capital markets (including SEC-registered ADS offerings). We also issued bonds in the United States (“Yankee Bonds”) in 2018 and may issue Yankee Bonds in the future depending on liquidity needs.
The following table lists the Yankee Bonds issued by us and our subsidiaries and the aggregate principal amount that are outstanding as of December 31, 2022:
Aggregate Principal Amount
Issuer
Term
Maturity
Coupon
Issued
Outstanding
(in millions of US$)
10 years
June 2028
4.875%
1,000
April 2024
4.250%
400
Enel Generation(1)
30 years
February 2027
7.875%
230
206
Enel Generation(2)
40 years
February 2037
7.325%
100 years
February 2097
8.125%
200
5.267%
(3)
2,050
1,717
We also have access to the Chilean domestic capital markets. In March 2018, we registered a 30-year local bond program with the CMF for UF 15 million (Ch$ 527 billion as of December 31, 2022). As of December 31, 2022, and as of the date of this Report, there have been no issuances of bonds under this program.
Our subsidiary, Enel Generation, has issued debt instruments that have been primarily sold to Chilean pension funds, life insurance companies, and other institutional investors.
The following table lists UF-denominated Chilean bonds issued by Enel Generation that are outstanding on December 31, 2022:
Coupon (inflation
adjusted rate)
(in millions of UF)
Enel Generation Series M
21 years
December 2029
4.75%
10.00
6.36
223
Enel Generation Series H
25 years
October 2028
6.20%
4.00
1.30
5.00%
(1)
14.00
7.66
269
For a complete description of local bonds issued by Enel Generation, see “Unsecured liabilities detailed by currency and maturity” in Note 20.2 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
We may also participate in the international and local commercial bank markets through syndicated or bilateral senior unsecured loans, including fixed-term and revolving credit facilities.
Our U.S. dollar syndicated and bilateral revolving loans are governed by the laws of the State of New York and the amounts that are outstanding as of December 31, 2022, are summarized in the table below.
Borrower
Type
Lender
Maturity(1)
Facility Amount
Amount Drawn
SDG-linked Bilateral Revolving Loan
EFI
April 2026
290
290(2)
SMBC
October 2025
50(3)
Bilateral
Revolving Loan
June 2024
September 2025
Syndicated
BBVA S.A. and Mizuho Bank Ltd
100
690
340
Our Chilean pesos revolving loan and the amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2022, are summarized in the table below.
Scotiabank Chile
34,000
Some of the revolving credit loans are not subject to the compliance of conditions precedent regarding the non-occurrence of a “Material Adverse Effect” (or MAE, as defined contractually). This kind of contract with committed credit lines, which allows us complete flexibility for a drawdown under any circumstances including situations involving an MAE, was up to US$ 190 million as of December 31, 2022, and up to US$ 193 million as of March 31, 2023, US$ 50 million of which was drawn as of March 31, 2023.
Additionally, we and our subsidiaries have also entered into uncommitted Chilean bank facilities for approximately Ch$ 108 billion in the aggregate, none of which was drawn as of March 31, 2023. Unlike the committed lines described above, which are not subject to an MAE condition precedent to disbursements, these facilities are subject to a greater risk of not being disbursed in the event of an MAE. Our liquidity could be limited under such circumstances.
As for our term loans, the detail of each transaction and the outstanding principal amount as of December 31, 2022, is described in the following table:
Issuance Date
Outstanding principal
Term Loan
December 2015
December 2027
644
March 2020
March 2030
SDG-linked Term Loan
April 2021
April 2031
300
European Investment Bank
December 2022
December 2037
244
January 2020
July 2023
December 2021
December 2026
150
Santander Chile
July 2021
October 2022
October 2037
For a complete description of our credit lines and term loans, see Note 10.1.d) and Note 20.1 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
As is customary for certain credit and capital market debt facilities, some of our financial indebtedness is subject to covenants. The main covenants governing the loans granted to us are bankruptcy, insolvency, cross default clauses, limitations on liens, change of control, restrictions on the sale of assets and corporate reorganizations, adverse court judgments, and governmental actions, among others. As of December 31, 2022, Enel Chile, on a stand-alone basis, had debt obligations that included covenants or events of default but were not subject to financial ratios. In addition, two of Enel Generation’s loan agreements, include the obligation to comply with certain financial ratios. These agreements include affirmative and negative covenants and restrictions in the event of default, which all require monitoring to ensure their compliance. For more information about financial restrictions please see Note 36.4 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
The payment of dividends and distributions by our subsidiaries and affiliates represents an essential source of funds and are potentially subject to legal restrictions, such as legal reserve requirements, capital and retained earnings criteria, and other contractual conditions. We are currently in compliance with the legal restrictions, and therefore, they now do not affect the payment of dividends or distributions to us. Certain credit facilities and investment agreements of our subsidiaries may restrict dividends or distributions in certain exceptional circumstances. For instance, one of Enel Generation’s UF-denominated Chilean bonds limits intercompany
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loans that Enel Generation and its subsidiaries can lend to related parties. The threshold for such aggregate restriction of intercompany loans is currently US$ 500 million. For a description of liquidity risks resulting from our company’s status, see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors— We depend on distributions from our subsidiaries to meet our payment obligations.”
Our estimated capital expenditures for 2023 through 2025 are expected to amount to Ch$ 1,455 billion, which includes maintenance capital expenditures, investment in expansion projects under execution, as well as water rights and expansion projects that are still under evaluation, in which case we would undertake them only if deemed profitable.
We do not currently anticipate liquidity shortfalls affecting our ability to satisfy the material obligations described in this Report. We expect to refinance our consolidated indebtedness as it becomes due, fund our purchase obligations with internally generated cash, and fund capital expenditures with a mixture of internally generated cash and borrowings.
LIBOR Transition
The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority found that the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) had inconsistencies in its calculations and recommended that it be based on actual transactions. As a result, the authority agreed to stop requiring banks to comply with the submission of interbank rates to calculate LIBOR as of December 31, 2021. On March 5, 2021, LIBOR succession dates were announced (December 31, 2021, for all tenors EUR, CHF, JPY, and GBP LIBOR, and one-week and two-month USD LIBOR; and June 30, 2023, for all other USD LIBOR tenors). The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) will be the successor benchmark rate.
This reform may affect us in the following ways:
As of March 31, 2023, our total debt exposure to LIBOR was US$ 250 million and all of them include provisions to transition from LIBOR to an alternative benchmark rate.
Enel Chile has intercompany debt obligations that stipulate that if LIBOR is not available, a replacement rate quoted by reference banks chosen by lenders that are leaders in the European interbank market for deposits in U.S. dollars and a period comparable to the corresponding interest period may be used. Under a line of credit, intragroup operations must be promptly determined at market conditions.
In 2021, we executed three Revolving Credit Facility Agreements (“RCFA”) linked to sustainable development goals, for up to US$ 290 million and US$ 200 million, both with EFI, which mature in 2026 and 2025, respectively, and for up to US$ 50 million with SMBC due in 2025. All these contracts include provisions for a replacement rate for LIBOR. We also entered into two loan agreements, one with Scotiabank for US$ 150
million, due in 2026, which is linked to sustainable development goals, and the other with Santander for US$ 50 million, due in 2024. Both loan contracts are subject to LIBOR and include specific fallback rate provisions. As of March 31, 2023, the 2021 RCFAs had an outstanding principal amount of US$ 50 million.
In 2019, we executed a Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement (“SURCA”) for up to US$ 100 million, which matures in 2024, that includes specific language regarding the replacement of LIBOR for an alternative rate of interest that accounts for the prevailing market convention for determining a rate of interest for syndicated loans in the United States at that later time. We also executed an RCFA for up to US$ 50 million with EFI, which matures in 2024, that stipulates a replacement rate for LIBOR quoted by reference banks chosen by lenders that are leaders in the European interbank market. As of March 31, 2023, the SURCA and the 2019 RCFA were undrawn.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
D. Trend Information.
We expect the Los Cóndores hydro plant to be completed by 2023, adding an average of 600 GWh of annual generation to our consolidated generation capacity. In 2024, we expect significant price decreases, mainly due to the start of operations of projects tendered in 2016 and 2017, respectively.
In 2024, contracts awarded in the November 2017 auction will come into effect with an average price of the total allocated energy of US$ 32.5 per MWh, 32% lower than the average price of the previous tender process. The total amount of energy tendered was based on NCRE offers, representing a milestone in the industry. We were awarded 54% of the tender of 2,200 GWh per annum, corresponding to 1,180 GWh per annum at an average price of US$ 34.7 per MWh, with a mix of wind, solar, and geothermal generation that will be provided through NCRE projects supported by conventional energy.
We expect that distribution customers who can choose between regulated and unregulated tariffs will continue to switch to unregulated tariffs, thereby becoming direct generation company customers. We expect this trend may continue in the future until lower-cost agreements are recognized in the regulated tariffs. Based on the latest tender processes, this difference in tariffs may last until 2024 with the recognition of the 2017 tendered prices in the regulated tariff.
We expect organic growth in the distribution business, mainly from the digitalization of the network, investments in new technologies that will automate our systems to achieve better operational and economic efficiency, such as smart meters, which allow bi-directional communication, digitized and interconnected networks, enable our consumers to improve their energy efficiency, reduce costs in meter reading processes, remotely manage the disconnection and reconnection processes, and improve response times to better address extreme weather emergencies by significantly reducing failure recognition time.
Hydrogen in energy transition
The ability to generate hydrogen by electrolysis with renewable energy sources allows not only to decarbonize the hydrogen production process but also generates value in economic sectors in which hydrogen
is used as an energy source to replace coal-based sources. We believe that hydrogen, within the energy transition, has potential for development due to its impact on the environment and the benefits it may generate in our earnings and financial results as a result of diversifying our sources of income. We expect our first pilot hydrogen project to reach commercial operation in 2023. For further information on the hydrogen project, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — D. Property, Plant, and Equipment. — Project Investments — Projects under Construction in 2022 — Pilot Green Hydrogen Project.”
Adverse Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Increases in infection rates and extraordinary governmental measures such as quarantines and lockdown periods, may adversely affect our business and results. For more information see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors— We are subject to the adverse effects of worldwide pandemics.”
Adverse Effects of Governmental Regulations
The Distribution Tariff Law, which reduces the profitability of distribution companies, and the Basic Services Law, which prohibits electricity distribution companies from cutting services due to nonpayment for residential customers, small businesses, hospitals, and firefighters, among others, may adversely affect our business and results. For more information see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors— Governmental regulations may unfavorably affect our businesses, cause delays, impede the development of new projects, or increase the costs of operations and capital expenditures.”
Voluntary Retirement Program
In 2021, the Company announced a Voluntary Retirement Program open to men of at least 60 and women of at least 55 years old, with an incentive for qualifying employees who voluntarily choose early retirement. The program is one of the initiatives that the Group is promoting in the context of its digitization strategy in 2021-2024, enabling the adoption of new work and operation models, and demanding new skills and knowledge to make processes more efficient and effective at a time when the transformation of the Company’s platforms and business processes is becoming increasingly relevant to the Company’s clients and stakeholders.
Armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine
The effects of the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which began in February 2022, on our company are unknown. Although we do not have direct business transactions with suppliers, clients, or lenders from Russia or Ukraine, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be impacted by (i) limited access to financial markets; (ii) possible interruptions in the global supply chain; (iii) volatility in commodity prices; and (iv) an increase in inflationary pressures in Chile, which could increase the rates charged to our customers.
E. Critical Accounting Estimates
For information regarding our critical accounting estimates, see Note 2.3 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements.
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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management, and Employees
A.
Directors and Senior Management.
Directors
Our board of directors consists of seven members elected for a three-year term at the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting (“OSM”). Following the end of their term, they may be re-elected or replaced. If a vacancy occurs in the interim, the board of directors will elect a temporary director to fill the vacancy until the next OSM, at which time the entire board of directors will be elected for new three-year terms. Our executive officers are elected and hold office at the discretion of the board of directors.
Our current board of directors was elected at the OSM held on April 28, 2021, for a three-year term that ends in April 2024. The members as of December 31, 2022, were as follows:
Position
Age(1)
Current PositionHeld Since
Herman Chadwick Piñera
Chairman
2016
Gonzalo Palacios Vásquez
Director
Pablo Cabrera Gaete
Fernán Gazmuri Plaza
Salvatore Bernabei
Mónica Girardi
Isabella Alessio
Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of the members of our board of directors, as of December 31, 2022.
Herman Chadwick Piñera: Mr. Chadwick is a partner at the Chilean law firm of Chadwick & Cía. He is a director of several companies unrelated to Enel Chile, including Inversiones Aguas Metropolitanas, a Chilean holding company that owns a water utility company, and Viña Santa Carolina, a Chilean winery, as well as president of Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay, an environmental protection foundation, and of Club 50, a business and event center. He is also a member of the Consejo del Centro de Estudios Públicos, a public policy think tank. In the past, Mr. Chadwick has served as president of the Arbitration and Mediation Center of the Santiago Chamber of Commerce, an association that provides arbitration services. Mr. Chadwick holds a law degree from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Gonzalo Palacios Vásquez: Mr. Palacios currently works as a consultant mainly in the energy sector and was an independent director on the board at Naturgy Ban, a gas distribution company in Argentina, until April 2023. He has served as either director or CEO of the following companies in the electricity industry: CGE, CGED, CONAFE, EDELMAG, EJESA (Argentina), EJSEDSA (Argentina), EDET (Argentina); Energía San Juan (Argentina), Tusan, Hornor, Energy Sur, and Tecnet. His experience also includes studies for the World Bank and governments related to deregulation, liberalization, privatization, and regulatory framework throughout Latin America, as well as participation in Comisión Nacional de Energía (Chile), the Chilean electricity law of 1982, and the legal modifications to the Chilean gas law in the late 1980s. He holds a degree in industrial engineering from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Pablo Cabrera Gaete: Mr. Cabrera is a member of the Sociedad Chilena de Derecho Internacional. Mr. Cabrera was director of Academia Diplomática Andrés Bello (2010-2014) and served concurrently as ambassador to the Holy See, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Albania (2006-2010), the People’s Republic of China (2004-2006), Russia and Ukraine (2000-2004), and the United Kingdom and Ireland (1999-2000). He also headed the Subsecretaría de Marina de Chile (1995-1999). Mr. Cabrera holds a law degree from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and is a certified career diplomat from Academia Diplomática Andrés Bello.
Fernán Gazmuri Plaza: Mr. Gazmuri has served on the boards of companies unrelated to Enel Chile. He is currently vice-chairman of Invexans S.A., a holding company that owns NEXANS, a French telecom and maritime cable company, chairman of Citroën Chile S.A.C. and of the Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, and vice-chairman of the Sociedad de Fomento Fabril. From 2013-2016 he was director of Empresa Nacional del Petróleo, the Chilean state-owned oil company. He was vice-chairman of the International Chamber of Commerce of Chile from 2005-2009. In 2016 Mr. Gazmuri was awarded the Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez distinction by the Asociación de Industriales Metalúrgicos y Metalmecánicos due to his outstanding professional and business career. In 2014 Mr. Gazmuri was awarded the Ordre national du Mérite by the Republic of France. He holds a degree in business administration from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Salvatore Bernabei: Mr. Bernabei is currently the CEO of Enel Green Power and head of global power generation. He was head of global procurement of Enel (2017-2020), head of renewable energy Latin America of Enel Green Power (2016-2017), and country manager for Chile and the Andean countries (2013-2016). He joined Enel in 1999 and has held several positions in engineering, construction, operation & maintenance, and safety, environment, and quality of life. Mr. Bernabei holds a degree in industrial engineering from Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” and an MBA from Politecnico di Milan.
Mónica Girardi: Mónica joined Enel in 2018 as head of investor relations of Enel S.p.A. She worked at Barclays as a senior research analyst responsible for Italian and Iberian public services (2009-2018). Previously, she worked at Lehman Brothers as an analyst covering European public services and infrastructure (2003-2009). She holds a degree in business administration from Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi in Milan and graduated summa cum laude.
Isabella Alessio: Isabella is head of legal and corporate affairs for global procurement of Enel S.p.A. From 2014 to 2017 she was head of legal affairs for North, Central, and South America for the global infrastructure and networks line of Enel. From 2011 to 2014 she joined Enel as head of corporate affairs for Iberia and Latin America at Enel Green Power. Previously, she worked at Grimaldi e Associati and at Clifford Chance law firm. She holds a law degree from the University of Rome “La Sapienza” and has a master’s degree in European law.
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Executive Officers
Set forth below are our executive officers as of December 31, 2022:
Year Joined Enel or Affiliate
Fabrizio Barderi
Chief Executive Officer
2001
Giuseppe Turchiarelli
Chief Financial Officer
1998
Juan Diaz Valenzuela
Internal Audit Officer
2010
Liliana Schnaidt Hagedorn
Human Resources Officer
2009
Domingo Valdés Prieto
General Counsel
1993
Montserrat Palomar Quilez
Sustainability & Community Relations Officer
2017
Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of our executive officers.
Fabrizio Barderi: Mr. Barderi has experience in operations, strategic planning, and business negotiations in different sectors. He joined Enel in 2001 and has worked in various positions in Europe and Latin America. Between October 2014 and July 2017, he was in charge of all of Enel’s generation assets in Latin America. In 2017 he was appointed member of the board of directors of Enel Generation. Mr. Barderi holds a degree in electrical engineering from Università di Pisa and a master’s degree in economics and energy and environmental management from Scuola Superiore Enrico Mattei.
Giuseppe Turchiarelli: Mr. Turchiarelli has held prominent financial positions in Enel since 1998, among which he served as CFO of Enel Latin America BV (2009-2011), CFO for renewable generation in Italy and Europe (2001-2012), head of Planning and Control of the Enel Green Power group (2012-2013), CFO for Iberia and Latin America (2013-2015), head of Planning and Control in Italy (2015-2017), and CFO for Europe and North Africa (2017-2019). He holds a degree in business administration from Università degli Studi di Cagliari and an executive MBA from LUISS Business School.
Juan Diaz Valenzuela: Mr. Diaz joined Enel in 2010 and has held different positions in Internal Audit in Latin America. Between 2019 and 2022, he worked as audit and compliance manager of Enel Peru and its subsidiaries where he successfully implemented the Anti-Bribery Management System and the Local Crime Prevention Compliance Model. He holds a degree in information and management control engineering from Universidad de Chile, as well as specializations in electricity markets and project management from Universidad del Desarrollo and Universidad de Chile.
Liliana Schnaidt Hagedorn: Ms. Schnaidt joined Enel Green Power in 2009 in Business Development. She later became a business manager and focused on solar energy development. She holds a degree in civil engineering from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Domingo Valdés Prieto: Mr. Valdés is the general counsel of Legal and Corporate Affairs for both Enel Américas and Enel Chile and serves as secretary of both their boards of directors. He was a member of the board of directors of Empresa Distribuidora de Energía Sur S.A. (Edesur - Argentina) and Chairman of Enel Transmission. He is a tenured professor of economic and antitrust law at Universidad de Chile and graduated summa cum laude from its law school. Mr. Valdés also holds an LL.M. from the University of Chicago and an MPL from Yale University.
87
Montserrat Palomar Quilez: Ms. Palomar joined Enel in 2017 as head of sustainability for Enel Green Power Mexico and has been working as sustainability and community relations manager at Enel Chile since October 2022. Prior to joining Enel, she held positions in sustainability at KPMG and Deloitte. She also led the development of social projects at Telefónica and Coca-Cola FEMSA. Ms. Palomar holds a degree in psychology from Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City, as well as a specialization in mediation and conflict resolution from Universidad Oberta de Catalunya.
B.
Compensation.
At the OSM held on April 27, 2022, our shareholders approved our board of directors’ compensation policy for 2022. Director compensation consists of a monthly fixed compensation of UF 216 per month and an additional fee of UF 79.2 per meeting, up to a maximum of 16 sessions in total, including ordinary and extraordinary meetings, within the respective fiscal year. The chairman of the board is entitled to double the compensation of other directors.
Our Directors Committee members are paid a monthly fixed compensation of UF 72 per month and an additional fee of UF 26.4 per meeting, up to a maximum of 16 sessions in total, including ordinary and extraordinary meetings.
If a director serves on one or more boards of directors of the subsidiaries or associate companies or serves as director of other companies or corporations where the group holds an interest directly or indirectly, the director can only receive compensation from one of these boards.
Our subsidiaries’ or affiliates’ executive officers will not receive compensation if they serve as directors of any other affiliate. However, the officer may receive compensation to the extent that it is expressly and previously authorized as an advance payment of the variable portion of the wage to be paid by the affiliate with which the officer signed a contract.
In 2022, the total compensation paid to each of our directors, including fees for attending Directors Committee meetings, was as follows:
FixedCompensation
Ordinary and Extraordinary Session
DirectorsCommittee (Fixed Compensation)
Ordinary and Extraordinary Session (Directors Committee)
VariableCompensation
(in ThCh$)
171,953
78,466
250,419
85,976
39,233
28,659
13,029
166,897
Salvatore Bernabei(1)
Mónica Girardi(1)
Isabella Alessio(1)
429,881
196,165
85,977
39,087
751,110
We do not disclose any information about an individual executive officer’s compensation. Executive officers are eligible for variable compensation under a bonus plan. The yearly bonus plan is paid to our executive officers for achieving company-wide objectives and for their contribution to our results and goals.
The annual bonus plan provides a range of bonus amounts according to seniority level and consists of a certain multiple of gross monthly salaries. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the aggregate gross compensation, paid and accrued, for all our executive officers, attributable to the fiscal year 2022, was Ch$ 2.2 billion in fixed compensation, and Ch$ 405 million in variable compensation and benefits.
In 2022, under an established restricted stock unit (“RSU”) program that was implemented for that year only, certain key personnel of Enel Chile received a one-time issuance of Enel S.p.A. shares for the corresponding RSU award. These shares were not issued on a discretionary basis, but were automatically issued upon vesting of the RSUs on a pre-established date once certain performance-based vesting conditions were met. The cost of the RSU program is subject to an outstanding recharge agreement; accordingly, such cost has been supported by Enel Chile. This agreement establishes that all fixed and variable remuneration of certain expatriate executives (whether in cash or in kind) is paid by the company to which the expatriate executive provides services. Please see Note 10.6 of the notes to our financial statements for further information regarding executive officer compensation.
We entered into severance indemnity agreements with all our executive officers. We will pay a severance indemnity for voluntary resignation or termination by mutual understanding among the parties. The severance indemnity does not apply if the termination is due to willful misconduct, prohibited negotiations, unjustified absences, or abandonment of duties, among other causes, as defined in Article 160 of the Chilean Labor Code. All our employees are entitled to a severance indemnity if terminated due to our needs, as described in Article 161 of the Chilean Labor Code.
We did not pay severance indemnity to our executive officers in 2022. There are no other amounts set aside or accrued to provide for pension, retirement, or similar benefits for our executive officers.
C. Board Practices.
Members of the board of directors do not have service contracts with us or with any of our subsidiaries that provide them benefits upon the termination of their service. Our current board of directors was elected at the OSM held on April 28, 2021, for three-year term. For information about the directors in office as of December 31, 2022, and the year they began their service on the board of directors, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Management” above.
Directors Committee (Audit Committee)
Set forth below are our members of the Directors Committee as of December 31, 2022:
Committee Member
Position in Committee
President
Member
Our Directors Committee performs the following functions:
D. Employees.
The following table sets forth the total number of our personnel (permanent and temporary employees) in Enel Chile and our subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:
616
656
668
Enel Distribution(1)
587
556
755
498
500
494
363
304
285
Enel X
Enel Transmission(2)(3)
98
Total Personnel(4)
2,158
2,215
2,219
The Chilean Labor Code entitles all employees in Chile who are fired for reasons other than misconduct to a severance indemnity payment. In most cases, contracted employees are entitled to a legal minimum severance indemnity payment of one month’s salary for each year (and every fraction thereof beyond six months) worked, subject to a maximum of 11 months’ salary.
Our employment contracts typically provide severance indemnity payments higher than those required by the Chilean Labor Code. In most cases, we respect seniority as the time that the employee first joined us or an affiliate. Therefore, employees hired by one of our Chilean affiliates or predecessor companies maintain their seniority in the company and are treated contractually as if we had hired them. Under such employment contracts, severance indemnity payments for most of our employees consist of one month’s salary for each full year worked (and every fraction thereof beyond six months), subject to a maximum of 25 months. Under our collective bargaining agreements and other employment contracts not covered by such agreements, we are typically obligated to make severance indemnity payments to all covered employees in cases of voluntary resignation or death in specified amounts that increase according to seniority and often exceed the amounts required under Chilean law.
We have the following collective bargaining agreements:
In Force
From
To
Enel Chile - Collective Bargaining Agreement 1
July 2022
July 2025
Enel Chile - Collective Bargaining Agreement 2
January 2023
December 2025
Enel Chile - Collective Bargaining Agreement 3
Enel Generation - Collective Bargaining Agreement 1
July 2020
June 2023
Enel Generation - Collective Bargaining Agreement 2
Enel Generation - Collective Bargaining Agreement 3
January 2021
December 2023
Enel Generation - Collective Bargaining Agreement 4
June 2025
Enel Distribution - Collective Bargaining Agreement 1
Enel Distribution - Collective Bargaining Agreement 2
Enel Distribution - Collective Bargaining Agreement 3
EGP Chile - Collective Bargaining Agreement 1
October 2020
September 2023
EGP Chile (Panguipulli) - Collective Bargaining Agreement 2
EGP Chile - Collective Bargaining Agreement 3
December 2024
November 2022
E.
Share Ownership.
To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or officers owns more than 0.1% of our shares or holds any stock options. It is not possible to confirm whether any of our directors or officers has a beneficial, rather than direct, interest in our shares. Any share ownership by all our directors and officers amounts to significantly less than 10% of our outstanding shares.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related-Party Transactions
Major Shareholders.
We have only one class of capital stock, and Enel, our controlling shareholder, has the same voting rights as our other shareholders. As of December 31, 2022, 6,035 shareholders of record held 69,166,557,220 shares of our outstanding common stock. Enel owned 44,334,165,152 common shares and 11,457,799 ADSs equivalent to 572,889,949 shares, aggregating a 64.93% ownership interest in us. There were four record holders of our ADS, as of such date.
It is not practicable for us to determine the number of our ADS, or our common shares beneficially owned in the United States. The depositary for our ADS only registers the record holders, including the Depositary
Trust Company and its nominees. As a result, we are not able to ascertain the domicile of the ultimate beneficial holders represented by the four ADS record holders in the United States, nor are we able to determine the domicile of any of our foreign shareholders who hold our common stock, either directly or indirectly.
As of December 31, 2022, Chilean private pension funds (“AFPs”) owned 6.2% of our shares in the aggregate. Chilean stockbrokers, mutual funds, insurance companies, foreign equity funds, and other Chilean institutional investors collectively held 22.7% of our shares. ADS holders owned 4.1% of our shares, and 5,889 minority shareholders held the remaining 2.1% of our shares.
The following table sets forth information concerning ownership of the common stock as of April 1, 2023, for the only stockholder known by us to own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock:
Number of SharesOwned
Percentage of SharesOutstanding
Enel S.p.A. (Italy)
44,907,055,101
64.93%
Enel, an Italian company and our controlling shareholder that beneficially owned 64.93% of our shares as of December 31, 2022, is a multinational power company and a leading integrated player in the global power and renewables markets. It is one of the largest European utility companies with operations in 30 countries worldwide and a consolidated installed capacity of approximately 93 GW. Enel distributes electricity through a network of 2.3 million kilometers to more than 75 million customers. It is one of the world’s largest network operators and has one of the most extensive customer bases. Enel’s shares are listed on Euronext Milan organized and managed by Borsa Italiana S.p.A.
Related-Party Transactions.
Article 146 of Law No. 18,046 (the “Chilean Corporations Law”) defines related-party transactions as those involving a company and any entity belonging to the corporate group, its parent companies, controlling companies, subsidiaries or related companies, board members, managers, administrators, senior officers or company liquidators, including their spouses, some of their relatives, and all entities controlled by them, in addition to individuals who may appoint at least one member of the company’s board of directors or who hold 10% or more of voting capital, or companies in which a board member, manager, administrator, senior officer or company liquidator has been serving in the same position within the last 18 months.
Article 147 of the Chilean Corporations Law (“Article 147”) requires that related-party transactions must consider the corporate interest, as well as the prices, terms, and conditions prevailing in the market at the time of their approval. Article 147 provides that board members, managers, administrators, senior officers, or company liquidators having a personal interest or acting on negotiations of a related-party transaction must immediately inform the board of directors. Such a transaction shall only be approved if an absolute majority of the directors (excluding interested directors) consider the transaction beneficial for the corporate interest. Chilean law requires an interested director to abstain from voting on such a transaction. If an absolute majority of the directors are obliged to abstain from voting on any particular transaction, it shall only be approved if authorized unanimously by the independent directors or during an ESM. Board resolutions approving related-party transactions must be reported to the company’s shareholders at the next shareholders’ meeting.
The law described above, which also applies to our subsidiaries, provides for some exceptions. In some instances, the board’s approval would suffice for related-party transactions, under certain transaction thresholds when the transactions are conducted with another entity in which we hold 95% or more of their capital, or when such transactions are conducted in compliance with the related-party policies defined by the company’s board.
At its meeting held on July 30, 2019, our board of directors updated our related-party transaction policy. This policy is available on our website at www.enelchile.cl.
If a transaction is not in compliance with Article 147, this will not affect its validity. Still, our shareholders or we may demand compensation for damages from the individual associated with the infringement as provided by law.
The following are related-party transactions conducted between January 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023.
Maturity Date
Amount (millions)
Interest Rate
Outstanding Principal(1)
Contract Type
EFI(2)
Feb-22
Aug-23
US$300
SOFR + 0,75%
Revolving facility
Jun-22
Dec-23
US$150
SOFR + 0,86%
Jul-22
Jul-23
US$250
SOFR + 0,77%
Jan-22
Jan-27
US$242
3.95%
Term loan
Apr-22
Apr-28
US$152
5.73%
Aug-22
6.49%
Oct-22
Oct-28
US$175
7.08%
Mar-23
Mar-29
US$200
6.43%
Mar-22
Mar-27
Ch$134,000
8.58%
Mar-26
Ch$195,000
8.57%
Enel Chile(3)
4.99%
Dec-22
Ch$87,000
8.18%
Geotérmica del Norte
US$30
4.55%
Our internal procedure provides that all our subsidiaries’ cash inflows and outflows are managed through a centralized cash management mechanism. It is common practice in Chile to transfer surplus funds from one company to an affiliate that has a cash deficit. These transfers are executed through either short-term transactions or structured inter-company loans. Under Chilean laws and regulations, such transactions must be conducted on an arms-length basis. All these transactions are subject to the supervision of our Directors Committee. As of March 31, 2023, the peso-denominated transactions were priced at TAB 1m (a Chilean interbank interest rate published daily) plus 1.44% when lending to subsidiaries and TAB 1m minus 0.18% when accepting deposits of cash surpluses from subsidiaries. The US$-denominated transactions were priced at SOFR 1m plus 2.06% when lending to subsidiaries and SOFR 1m plus 0.65% when accepting deposits of cash surpluses from subsidiaries.
The following are related-party transactions under the centralized cash management mechanism conducted between January 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023.
All these intercompany cash flows help meet the working capital needs of our subsidiaries.
We have various contractual relationships with EGP Chile, Enel Americas, Enel Distribution, Enel Generation, Enel Green Power S.p.A., Enel S.p.A., and Enel X Chile to provide intercompany services. We entered into intercompany agreements under which we provide services directly and indirectly to Enel Americas, Enel Generation and its subsidiaries, Enel Distribution and its subsidiaries, and our other subsidiaries. The services to be rendered by us include specific legal, finance, treasury, insurance, capital markets, financial and documentary compliance, accounting, human resources, communications, security, relations with contractors, purchases, IT, tax, corporate affairs, and other corporate support and administrative services. The services rendered vary depending on the company receiving the service. These services are provided and charged at market prices if there is a comparable reference service. If there are no similar services in the market, they will be provided at cost plus a specified percentage. The intercompany services contracts are valid for one-year terms as of July 21, 2021, and subject every year to automatic renewal for one year.
As of the date of this Report, the transactions above have not experienced material changes. As of December 31, 2022, there were some commercial transactions with related parties. Please see Note 10 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding related-party transactions.
Interests of Experts and Counsel.
Item 8. Financial Information.
See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
Legal Proceedings
Our subsidiaries and we are parties to legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe it is unlikely that any loss associated with pending lawsuits will significantly affect the normal development of our business.
Please refer to Note 36.3 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for detailed information as of December 31, 2022, on the status of the pending material lawsuits filed against us.
Concerning the legal proceedings reported in the Notes to our consolidated financial statements, we use the criterion of disclosing lawsuits above a minimum threshold of US$ 10 million of potential impact to us, and, in some cases, qualitative criteria according to the materiality of the plausible effect on the conduct of our business. The lawsuit status includes a general description, the process status, and the estimate of the amount involved in each lawsuit.
Dividend Policy
Our board of directors presents an annual proposal for approval to the OSM for a final dividend payable each year. The dividend is accrued in the prior year and cannot be less than the legal minimum of 30% of annual net income. Our board of directors also informs the dividend policy for the current fiscal year. Additionally, our board of directors generally establishes an interim dividend for the current fiscal year, payable in January of
the following year and deducted from the final dividend payable in May of the next year. The board of directors establishes the interim dividend, which can be freely determined by the board, provided there are no accumulated losses.
For dividends accrued in the fiscal year 2022, on November 25, 2022, the board of directors agreed to distribute an interim dividend of Ch$ 0.32409 per share of common stock on January 27, 2023, equal to 15% of consolidated net income as of September 30, 2022. At the OSM held on April 26, 2023, our shareholders approved a final dividend of Ch$ 5.43073 per share for the year 2022, equivalent to a payout of 30% of annual net income for the fiscal year 2022. The final dividend for the fiscal year 2022 will be distributed in May 2023, after deducting the interim dividend paid in January 2023.
For dividends relating to the fiscal year 2023, our board of directors presented at the OSM held on April 26, 2023, the following proposed dividend policy:
This dividend policy is conditional on generating net profits in each period, expectations of future profit levels, and other conditions that may exist at the time of such dividend declaration. The proposed dividend policy is subject to our board of directors’ right to change the amount and timing of the dividends under prevailing circumstances at the time of the payment.
Dividend payments are potentially subject to legal restrictions, such as the requirement to pay dividends from either net income or retained earnings of the fiscal year. However, these potential legal restrictions do not currently affect our ability or any of our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends. Please see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information.
Shareholders of each subsidiary and affiliate agree on the final dividend payments. Dividends are paid to shareholders of record as of midnight of the fifth business day before the payment date. Holders of ADSs on the applicable record dates will be entitled to receive dividend payments.
Dividends
For each of the years indicated, the table below sets forth the dividends distributed by us in Chilean pesos per common share and U.S. dollars per ADS. For additional information, see “Item 10. Additional Information — D. Exchange Controls.”
Dividends Distributed(1)
Year
Ch$ per Share
US$ per ADS(2)
0.02
0.18
0.30
95
For a discussion of Chilean withholding taxes and access to the formal currency market in Chile in connection with the payment of dividends and sales of ADS and the underlying common stock, see “Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation” and “Item 10. Additional Information — D. Exchange Controls.”
Significant Changes
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
Offer and Listing Details.
Our shares of common stock are listed and traded on the Chilean Stock Exchanges under the trading symbol “ENELCHILE,” and our ADS are listed and traded on the NYSE under the trading symbol “ENIC.”
Plan of Distribution.
Markets.
In Chile, our common stock is traded on the following stock exchanges: the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (Santiago Stock Exchange or “SSE”) and the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile (Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange or “ESE”). These stock exchanges operate on business days from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., which may differ from New York City time by up to two hours, depending on the season. As of December 31, 2022, the SSE and ESE accounted for 88.3% and 11.7%, respectively, of our total equity traded in Chile.
In the United States, our common stock trades on the NYSE, our primary market, in the form of ADSs. Each ADS represents 50 shares of common stock, with the ADS in turn evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). The ADRs were issued under a Deposit Agreement dated April 26, 2016, between us, Citibank, N.A. acting as Depositary (the “Depositary”), and the holders and beneficial owners from time to time of ADRs issued thereunder, which was amended on February 14, 2018 (the “Deposit Agreement”). The Depositary treats only persons in whose names ADRs are registered in the books of the Depositary as owners of ADRs. The NYSE operates on business days from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Our equity shares are part of the SPCLXIGPA, and SPCLXIPSA, leading Chilean stock market indices, as well as the MSCI Universal and ESG focus indexes, FTSE4Good Emerging and Latin America indexes, and S&P Dow Jones Sustainability Index, in which we hold the lead in three categories: Emerging Markets, Pacific Alliance Integrated Markets (“MILA” in its Spanish acronym), and Chile S&P IPSA ESG Titled index.
The following table contains information regarding the amount of total traded shares of common stock and the corresponding percentage traded per market during 2022:
Market
Number of CommonShares Traded
Percentage of Shares Traded
Chile(1)
31,375,824,018
78%
United States (One ADS = 50 shares of common stock)(2)
8,952,262,250
22%
40,328,086,268
100%
Includes SSE and ESE.
(2)
Includes the NYSE and over-the-counter trading.
Selling Shareholders.
Dilution.
F.
Expenses of the Issue.
Item 10. Additional Information
Share Capital.
Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Description of Share Capital
Set forth below is certain information concerning our share capital and a summary of certain significant Chilean law provisions and our bylaws.
Shareholders’ rights in Chilean companies are governed by the company’s bylaws (estatutos), which have the same purpose as the articles or the certificate of incorporation and the bylaws of a company incorporated in the United States and the Chilean Corporations Law (Law No. 18,046). Under the Chilean Corporations Law, shareholders’ legal actions to enforce their rights as shareholders of the company must be brought in Chile in arbitration proceedings or, at the plaintiff’s option, before Chilean courts. Members of the board of directors, managers, officers, and principal executives of the company, or shareholders that individually own shares with a book value or stock value higher than UF 5,000 (approximately Ch$ 176 million as of December 31, 2022) do not have the option to bring the procedure to the courts.
The CMF regulates the Chilean securities markets under the Securities Market Law (Law No. 18,045) and the Chilean Corporations Law. These two laws state the disclosure requirements, restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, and protect minority shareholders. The Securities Market Law sets forth requirements for public offerings, stock exchanges, and brokers and outlines disclosure requirements for companies that issue publicly offered securities. The Chilean Corporations Law and the Securities Market Law, both as amended, state rules regarding takeovers, tender offers, transactions with related parties, qualified majorities, share repurchases, directors committees, independent directors, stock options, and derivative actions.
Public Register
We are a publicly held limited liability stock corporation incorporated under the laws of Chile. We were incorporated by public deed issued on January 8, 2016, by the Santiago Notary Public, Mr. Iván Torrealba A., and registered on January 19, 2016, in the Commercial Register (Registro de Comercio del Conservador de Bienes Raíces y Comercio de Santiago) on pages 4288 No. 2570. Our registry in the Securities Registry of the CMF was approved by the CMF on April 13, 2016, under entry number 1139. We also registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission under the commission file number 001-37723 on March 31, 2016.
Reporting Requirements Regarding Acquisition or Sale of Shares
Under Article 12 of the Securities Market Law and General Norm Regulation No. 269 of the CMF, certain information regarding transactions in shares of a publicly held limited liability stock corporation or in contracts or securities whose price or financial results depend on, or are conditioned in whole or in a significant part on the price of such shares, must be reported to the CMF and the Chilean Stock Exchanges. Since ADSs are deemed to represent the shares of common stock underlying the ADRs, transactions in ADRs will be subject to these reporting requirements and those established in Circular No. 1375 of the CMF. Shareholders of publicly held limited liability stock corporations are required to report to the CMF and the Chilean Stock Exchanges:
The majority shareholders of a publicly held limited liability stock corporation must inform the CMF and the Chilean Stock Exchanges if such acquisitions are entered into to acquire control of the company or make a passive financial investment instead.
Under Article 54 of the Securities Market Law and General Rule No. 104 enacted by the CMF, unless the tender offer regulation applies, any person who directly or indirectly intends to take control of a publicly held limited liability stock corporation must disclose this intent to the market at least ten business days in advance of the proposed change of control and, in any event, as soon as the negotiations for the change of control have taken place or reserved information of the publicly held limited liability stock corporation has been provided.
Corporate Objectives and Purposes
Article 4 of our bylaws states that our corporate objectives and purposes are, among other things, to conduct the exploration, development, operation, generation, distribution, transformation, or sale of energy in Chile in any form, directly or through other companies, as well as to provide engineering consulting services related to these objectives and to make loans to related companies, subsidiaries, and affiliates.
Board of Directors
Our board of directors consists of seven members elected by shareholders at an OSM for a three-year term, at the end of which they will be re-elected or replaced.
The seven directors elected at the OSM are the seven individual nominees who receive the highest majority of the votes, provided one of those individuals must be an independent director. Shareholders may vote their shares in favor of one nominee or may apportion their shares among any number of nominees.
The effect of these voting provisions is to ensure that a shareholder owning more than 12.5% of our shares can elect a board member. However, depending on the distribution of the rest of the votes at the OSM, a director may in some cases be elected with the votes of less than 12.5% of our shares. This number is derived from the reciprocal of the number of directors plus one. In our case, there are seven directors, and the reciprocal of eight is equal to 12.5%.
The compensation of the directors is established annually at the OSM. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — B. Compensation.”
Agreements entered into by us with related parties can only be executed when such agreements serve our interest, and their price, terms, and conditions are consistent with prevailing market conditions at the time of their approval and comply with all the requirements and procedures indicated in Article 147 of the Chilean Corporations Law.
Certain Powers of the Board of Directors
As of the date of this Report, every agreement or contract that we enter into with our controlling shareholder, our directors or executives, or their related parties, must be previously approved by two-thirds of the board of directors and be included in the board meetings, as set forth by the Chilean Corporations Law.
Our bylaws do not contain provisions relating to:
Certain Provisions Regarding Shareholder Rights
As of the date of this Report, our capital comprises only one class of shares, all of which are common shares and have the same rights.
Our bylaws do not contain any provisions relating to:
Under Chilean law, the rights of our shareholders may only be modified by an amendment to the bylaws that complies with the requirements explained below under “Item 10. Additional Information — B. Memorandum and Articles of Association — Shareholders’ Meetings and Voting Rights.”
Capitalization
Under Chilean law, only the shareholders of a company acting at an ESM have the power to authorize a capital increase. When an investor subscribes shares, these are officially issued and registered under the subscriber’s name. The subscriber is treated as a shareholder for all purposes, except the receipt of dividends and return of capital if the shares have been subscribed but not paid. The subscriber becomes eligible to receive dividends only for the shares that the subscriber has paid for or, if the subscriber has paid for only a portion of such shares, the pro-rata portion of the dividends declared with respect to such shares unless the company’s bylaws provide otherwise. If a subscriber does not fully pay for shares for which the subscriber has subscribed on or before the date agreed upon for payment, notwithstanding the actions intended by the company to collect payment, the company is entitled to auction on the stock exchange where such shares are traded, for the account and risk of the debtor, the number of shares held by the debtor necessary for the company to pay the outstanding balances and disposal expenses. However, until such shares are sold at auction, the subscriber continues to hold all the shareholder rights, except the right to receive dividends and return of capital. The Chief Executive Officer, or the person replacing the Chief Executive Officer, will reduce in the shareholders’ register the number of shares in the name of the debtor shareholder to the number of shares that remain, deducting the shares sold by the company and settling the debt in the amount necessary to cover the result of such disposal after related expenses.
When there are authorized and issued shares for which full payment has not been made within the period fixed by shareholders at the same ESM at which the subscription was authorized (which may not exceed three years from the date of such meeting, unless a stock option plan is approved, in which case the period to pay for the shares under such program may be up to five years), these shall be reduced in the non-subscribed amount until that date. Concerning the shares subscribed and not paid following the term mentioned above, the board must proceed to collect payment, unless the shareholders’ meeting authorizes the board not to do so (by two-thirds of the voting shares), in which case the capital shall be reduced by force of law to the amount effectively paid. Once collection actions have been exhausted, the board should propose to the shareholders’ meeting the approval by a simple majority of the write-off of the outstanding balance and the reduction of capital to the amount effectively collected.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s subscribed and fully paid capital totaled Ch$ 3.9 trillion consisting of 69,166,557,220 shares.
Preemptive Rights and Increases of Share Capital
Except for capital increases needed to carry out a merger, Chilean regulation requires Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporations to grant shareholders preemptive rights to purchase a sufficient number of shares, or any other securities convertible into shares or that confer future rights over shares, to maintain their existing ownership percentage of such company whenever such company issues new shares, or any other securities convertible into shares or that confer future rights over shares.
Under Chilean law, preemptive rights are exercisable or freely transferable by shareholders for 30 days. The options to subscribe for shares in capital increases of the company or of any other securities convertible into shares or that confer future rights over these shares should be offered at least once to the shareholders pro-rata to the shares held registered in their name at midnight on the fifth business day before the date of the start of the preemptive rights period. The preemptive rights offering and the beginning of the 30 days for exercising them shall be communicated through the publication of a prominent notice, at least once, in the newspaper that should be used for notifications of shareholders’ meetings. During such 30 days, and for an additional period of at least 30 days immediately following the initial 30-day period, publicly held limited liability stock corporations are not permitted to offer any unsubscribed shares to third parties under more favorable terms than those provided to their shareholders. At the end of the second 30-day period, a Chilean publicly held limited liability stock corporation is authorized to sell unsubscribed shares to third parties on any terms, provided they are sold on one of the Chilean Stock Exchanges.
Shareholders’ Meetings and Voting Rights
An OSM must be held within the first four months following the end of our fiscal year. Our last OSM was held on April 26, 2023. An ESM may be called by the board of directors when deemed appropriate. An ESM and OSM, as the case may be, must be called when requested by shareholders representing at least 10% of the issued shares with voting rights, or by the CMF. To convene an OSM or ESM, notice must be given three times in a newspaper located in our corporate domicile, at least ten days in advance of the scheduled meeting. The newspaper designated by our shareholders is El Mercurio de Santiago. Notice must also be mailed to the CMF and the Chilean Stock Exchanges.
The OSM or ESM shall be held on the day stated in the notice and should remain in session until all the matters stated in the notice have been addressed. However, once constituted, upon the proposal of the Chairman or shareholders representing at least 10% of the shares with voting rights, the majority of the shareholders present may agree to suspend it and to continue it within the same day and place, with no new constitution of the meeting or qualification of powers being necessary, recorded in one set of minutes. Only those shareholders who were present or represented may attend the recommencement of the meeting with voting rights.
Under Chilean law, a quorum for a shareholders’ meeting is established by the presence, in person or by proxy, of shareholders representing at least a majority of the issued shares with voting rights of a company. If a quorum is not present at the first meeting, a reconvened meeting can occur at which the shareholders present are deemed to constitute a quorum regardless of the percentage of the shares represented. This second meeting must take place within 45 days following the scheduled date for the first meeting. Shareholders’ meetings adopt resolutions by the affirmative vote of a majority of those shares present or represented at the meeting unless a qualified majority is required.
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Regardless of the quorum present, a vote of at least a two-thirds majority of the outstanding shares with voting rights is required to adopt any of the following actions:
●
a transformation of the company into a form other than a publicly held limited liability stock corporation under the Chilean Corporations Law, a merger or split-up of the company;
an amendment to the term of duration or early dissolution of the company;
a change in the company’s domicile;
a decrease in corporate capital;
an approval of capital contributions in kind and non-monetary assessments;
a modification of the authority reserved to shareholders or limitations on the board of directors;
a reduction in the number of members of the board of directors;
the disposition of 50% or more of the assets of the company, whether it includes the disposition of liabilities or not, as well as the approval or the amendment of the business plan that contemplates the disposition of assets in an amount greater than such percentage;
the disposition of 50% or more of the assets of a subsidiary, as long as such subsidiary represents at least 20% of the assets of the corporation, as well as any disposition of its shares that results in the parent company losing its position as controlling shareholder;
the form of distributing corporate benefits;
issue of guarantees for third-party liabilities which exceed 50% of the assets, except when the third party is a subsidiary of the company, in which case approval of the board of directors is deemed sufficient;
the purchase of the company’s own shares;
other actions established by the bylaws or the laws;
certain remedies for the nullification of the company’s bylaws;
inclusion in the bylaws of the right to purchase shares from minority shareholders, when the controlling shareholders reach 95% of the company’s shares through a tender offer for all of the company’s shares, where at least 15% of the shares have been acquired from unrelated shareholders; and
approval or ratification of acts or contracts with related parties.
Certain amendments to our bylaws require the affirmative vote of 75% of the outstanding shares with voting rights.
Bylaw amendments for creating a new class of shares, or an amendment to or an elimination of those classes of shares that already exist, must be approved by at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the affected series.
Chilean law does not require a publicly held limited liability stock corporation to provide its shareholders the same level and type of information required by the U.S. securities laws regarding proxies’ solicitation. However, shareholders are entitled to examine the financial statements and corporate books of a publicly held limited liability stock corporation and its subsidiaries within 15 calendar days before its scheduled shareholders’
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meeting. Under Chilean law, publicly held limited liability stock corporations must also inform, at least ten days in advance of the scheduled meeting and in the manner to be established by the CMF, the fact that an ESM or OSM has been summoned, indicating the date, a reference to the matters to be discussed, and how complete copies of the documents that support the issues submitted for voting can be obtained, which must also be made available to the shareholders on the company’s website. In the case of an OSM, our annual report of activities, which includes audited financial statements, must also be made available to shareholders and published on our website at: www.enelchile.cl.
The Chilean Corporations Law provides that, upon the request by the Directors Committee or by shareholders representing at least 10% of the issued shares with voting rights, a Chilean company’s annual report must include, in addition to the materials provided by the board of directors to shareholders, such shareholders’ comments and proposals concerning the company’s affairs. Under Article 136 of the Chilean Corporations Regulation (Reglamento de Sociedades Anónimas), the shareholder(s) holding or representing at least 10% of the shares issued with voting rights, may:
make comments and proposals relating to the progress of the corporate businesses in the corresponding year, no shareholder can make individually or jointly more than one presentation. These observations should be presented in writing to the company concisely, responsibly, and respectfully. The respective shareholder(s) should state their willingness to be included as an appendix to the annual report. The board shall include in an appendix to the annual report of the year a faithful summary of the pertinent comments and proposals the interested parties had made, provided they are presented during the year or within 30-days after its ending; or
make comments and proposals on matters that the board submits for the shareholders’ knowledge or voting. The board shall include a faithful summary of those comments and proposals in all information it sends to shareholders, provided the shareholders’ proposal is received at the offices of the company at least ten days before the date of dispatch of the information by the company.
The shareholders should present their comments and proposals to the company, expressing their willingness to be included in the appendix to the respective annual report or in information sent to shareholders, as the case may be. The observations referred to in Article 136 may be made separately by each shareholder holding at least 10% of the shares issued with voting rights or shareholders who together hold that percentage, who should act as one.
Similarly, the Chilean Corporations Law provides that whenever the board of directors of a publicly held limited liability stock corporation convenes an OSM or ESM and solicits proxies for the meeting, or circulates information supporting its decisions or other similar material, it is obligated to include the pertinent comments and proposals that may have been made by the Directors Committee or by shareholders owning at least 10% of the shares with voting rights who request that such comments and proposals be so included.
Only shareholders registered as such with us as of midnight on the fifth business day before a meeting date, are entitled to attend and vote their shares. A shareholder may appoint another individual, who does not need to be a shareholder, as his proxy to attend the meeting and vote on his behalf. Proxies for such representation shall be given for all the shares held by the owner. The proxy may contain specific instructions to approve, reject, or abstain concerning any of the matters submitted for voting at the meeting and included in the notice. Every shareholder entitled to attend and vote at a shareholders’ meeting shall have one vote for every share subscribed.
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There are no limitations imposed by Chilean law or our bylaws on the right of nonresidents or foreigners to hold or vote shares of common stock. However, the registered holder of the shares of common stock represented by ADSs, and evidenced by outstanding ADSs, is the custodian for the Depositary (Citibank, N.A.), currently Banco Santander-Chile, or any successor custodian. Accordingly, holders of ADSs are not entitled to receive notice of shareholders’ meetings or vote the underlying shares of common stock represented by ADSs directly. The Deposit Agreement contains provisions under which the Depositary has agreed to request instructions from registered holders of ADSs regarding the exercise of the voting rights of the shares of common stock represented by the ADSs. Subject to compliance with the requirements of the Deposit Agreement and receipt of such instructions, the Depositary has agreed to endeavor, insofar as practicable and permitted under Chilean law and the provisions of the bylaws, to vote or cause to be voted (or grant a discretionary proxy to the Chairman of the Board of Directors or to a person designated by the Chairman of the Board to vote) the shares of common stock represented by the ADSs under any such instruction. The Depositary shall not itself exercise any voting discretion over any shares of common stock underlying ADSs. If the Depositary receives no voting instructions from a holder of ADSs concerning the shares of common stock represented by the ADSs, on or before the date established by the Depositary for such purpose, the shares of common stock represented by the ADSs may, in some situations, be voted in the manner directed by the Chairman of the Board, or by a person designated by the Chairman of the Board, subject to the limitations outlined in the Deposit Agreement.
Dividends and Liquidation Rights
According to the Chilean Corporations Law, unless otherwise decided by a unanimous vote of its issued shares eligible to vote, all publicly held limited liability stock corporations must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of their consolidated net income, unless and except to the extent we have carried forward losses. The law provides that the board of directors must agree to the dividend policy and inform such policy to the shareholders at the OSM.
For any dividend above 30% of net income, publicly held limited liability stock corporations may grant their shareholders an option to receive those dividends, in cash, or shares issued by such publicly held limited liability stock corporation, or in shares of publicly held corporations owned by such company. Shareholders who do not expressly elect to receive a dividend other than cash are legally presumed to have decided to accept the dividend in cash.
Dividends declared but not paid within the appropriate period outlined in the Chilean Corporations Law (30 days after declaration for the minimum dividend, and the date set for payment at the time of declaration for additional dividends) are adjusted to reflect the change in the value of the UF, from the date set for payment to the date such dividends are paid. Such dividends also accrue interest at the prevailing rate for UF-denominated deposits during such period. The right to receive a dividend lapses if it is not claimed within five years from the date such dividend is payable. Payments not collected in such a period are transferred to the Chilean volunteer fire department.
In the event of our liquidation, the shareholders would participate in the assets available in proportion to the number of paid-in shares held by them after payment to all creditors.
Approval of Financial Statements
The board of directors is required to submit our consolidated financial statements to the shareholders annually for their approval. If the shareholders by a vote of a majority of shares present (in person or by proxy) at the shareholders’ meeting reject the financial statements, the board of directors must submit new financial statements no later than 60 days from the date of such meeting. If the shareholders reject the new financial
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statements, the entire board of directors is deemed removed from office, and a new board is elected at the same meeting. Directors who individually approved such financial statements are disqualified for reelection for the following period. Our shareholders have never rejected the financial statements presented by the board of directors.
Change of Control
The Capital Markets Law establishes a comprehensive regulation related to tender offers. The law defines a tender offer as the offer to purchase shares of companies that publicly offer their shares or convertible securities. This offer is made to shareholders to purchase their shares under conditions that allow the bidder to reach a certain percentage of ownership of the company within a fixed period. These provisions apply to both voluntary and hostile tender offers.
Acquisition of Shares
No provision in our bylaws discriminates against any existing or prospective holder of shares due to such shareholder owning a substantial number of shares. However, no person may directly or indirectly own more than 65% of our stock’s outstanding shares. The preceding restriction does not apply to the depositary as record owner of shares represented by ADRs, but it does apply to each beneficial ADS holder. Additionally, our bylaws currently prohibit any shareholder from exercising voting power concerning more than 65% of the common stock owned by such shareholder or on behalf of others representing more than 65% of the outstanding issued shares with voting rights.
Right of Dissenting Shareholders to Tender Their Shares
The Chilean Corporations Law provides that upon adopting any of the resolutions enumerated below at a shareholders’ meeting, dissenting shareholders acquire the right to withdraw from the company and compel the company to repurchase their shares, subject to the fulfillment of specific terms and conditions. To exercise such withdrawal rights, holders of ADRs must first withdraw the shares represented by their ADRs under the Deposit Agreement’s terms. In case of a bankruptcy proceeding, the withdrawal right from an adopted resolution is suspended until the existing debt has been paid.
“Dissenting” shareholders are defined as those at a shareholders’ meeting who vote against a resolution that results in the withdrawal right or who, if absent from such meeting, state in writing their opposition to the respective resolution within the 30 days following the shareholders’ meeting. Shareholders who are present or represented at the meeting and who abstain from exercising their voting rights shall not be considered dissenting. The right to withdraw should be exercised for all the shares that the dissenting shareholder had registered in their name on the date on which the right is determined to participate in the meeting at which the resolution is adopted that motivates the withdrawal and which remains on the date on which their intention to withdraw is communicated to the company.
The price paid to a dissenting shareholder of a publicly held limited liability stock corporation whose shares are quoted and actively traded on one of the Chilean Stock Exchanges is the weighted average of the sales prices for the shares as reported on the Chilean Stock Exchanges on which the shares are quoted for the 60 trading days between the ninetieth and the thirtieth trading day before the shareholders’ meeting giving rise to the withdrawal right. If the CMF determines that the shares are not actively traded on a stock exchange, the price paid to the dissenting shareholder shall be the book value. Book value for this purpose must be equal to the company’s equity attributable to the parent company, divided by the total number of subscribed shares, whether entirely or partially paid. To make this calculation, the latest consolidated statement of financial
position is used, as adjusted to reflect inflation up to the date of the shareholders meeting which gave rise to the withdrawal right.
Article 126 of the Chilean Corporations Regulation (Reglamento de Sociedades Anónimas) establishes that in cases where the right to withdraw arises, the company is obliged to inform the shareholders of this situation, the value per share that will be paid to shareholders exercising their right to withdraw, and the term for exercising it. Such information should be given to shareholders at the same meeting at which the resolutions are adopted, giving rise to the right of withdrawal, before its voting. A special communication should be given to the shareholders with rights within two days following the date on which the rights to withdraw arise. In the case of publicly held companies, such information shall be communicated by a prominent notice in a newspaper with a wide national circulation and on its website, plus a written communication addressed to the shareholders with rights at the address they have registered with the company. The notice of the shareholders’ meeting to vote on a matter that could give rise to withdrawal rights should mention this circumstance.
The resolutions that result in a shareholder’s right to withdraw include, among others, the following:
Investments by AFPs
The Pension Fund System Law permits AFPs to invest their funds in companies subject to Title XII of such law, and these companies are subject to greater restrictions than other companies. The determination of which stocks may be purchased by AFPs is made by the Risk Classification Committee. The Risk Classification Committee establishes investment guidelines and is empowered to approve or disapprove those companies that are eligible for AFP investments. We are and have been subject to Title XII provisions and are approved by the Risk Classification Committee.
Companies subject to Title XII provisions are required to have bylaws that:
Registrations and Transfers
Shares issued by us are registered with an administrative agent, which is DCV Registros S.A. This entity is also responsible for our shareholders’ registry. In the case of jointly owned shares, an attorney-in-fact must be appointed to represent the joint owners in dealing with us.
Material Contracts.
Exchange Controls.
The Central Bank of Chile is responsible for, among other things, monetary policies and exchange controls in Chile. Currently, applicable foreign exchange regulations are outlined in the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations (the “Compendium”) approved by the Central Bank of Chile.
a)
Chapter XIV
The following is a summary of certain provisions of Chapter XIV that apply to all existing shareholders (and ADS holders). This summary does not intend to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to Chapter XIV. Chapter XIV regulates the following type of investments: credits, deposits, investments, and equity contributions. A Chapter XIV investor may repatriate at any time an investment made in us upon selling our shares, and the profits derived from there, with no monetary ceiling, subject to the regulations in effect at the time, must be reported to the Central Bank of Chile.
Except for compliance with tax regulations and some reporting requirements, currently, there are no rules in Chile affecting repatriation rights, except that the remittance of foreign currency must be made through a Formal Exchange Market entity. However, the Central Bank of Chile has the authority to change such rules and impose exchange controls.
b)
The Compendium and International Bond Issuances
Chilean issuers may offer bonds internationally, subject to the reporting requirements outlined in Chapter XIV of the Compendium.
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E. Taxation.
Chilean Tax Considerations
The following discussion summarizes Chilean material income and withholding tax consequences to foreign holders arising from the ownership and disposition of shares and ADSs. The summary that follows does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase, own or dispose of shares or ADSs, if any, and does not purport to deal with the tax consequences applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules. Holders of shares and ADSs are advised to consult their own tax advisors concerning the Chilean and other tax consequences of the ownership of shares or ADSs.
The summary that follows is based on Chilean law, in effect on the date hereof, and is subject to any changes in these or other laws occurring after such date, possibly with retroactive effect. Under Chilean law, provisions in statutes such as tax rates applicable to foreign investors, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes, and how Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may be amended only by another law. The Chilean tax authorities also enact rulings and regulations of either general or specific application and interpret the Chilean Income Tax Law provisions. Chilean tax may not be assessed retroactively against taxpayers who act in good faith, relying on such rulings, regulations, and interpretations, but Chilean tax authorities may change their rulings, regulations, and interpretations in the future. The discussion that follows is also based, in part, on representations of the Depositary and assumes that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreements will be performed under its terms. As of this date, there is currently no applicable income tax treaty in effect between the United States and Chile. However, in 2010 the United States and Chile signed an income tax treaty that will enter into force once the treaty is ratified by both countries, which has not happened as of the date of this Report. There can be no assurance that either country will ratify the treaty. The following summary assumes that there is no applicable income tax treaty in effect between the United States and Chile.
As used in this Report, the term “foreign holder” means either:
Taxation of Shares and ADSs
Taxation of Cash Dividends and Property Distributions
Cash dividends paid concerning the shares or ADSs held by a foreign holder will be subject to Chilean withholding tax, which is withheld and paid by the company. The amount of the Chilean withholding tax is determined by applying a 35% rate to a “grossed-up” distribution amount (such amount equal to the sum of the actual distribution amount and the correlative Chilean corporate income tax (“CIT”), paid by the issuer), and
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then subtracting as a credit 65% of such Chilean CIT paid by the issuer, in case the residence country of the holder of shares or ADSs does not have a tax treaty with Chile. If there is a tax treaty between both countries (in force or signed before January 1, 2021), the Foreign Holder can apply 100% of the CIT as a credit. For 2022, the Chilean CIT applicable to us is a rate of 27%, and depending on the circumstances mentioned above, the Foreign Holder may apply 100% or 65% of the CIT as a credit.
In February 2020, tax reform contemplating only a partially integrated tax regime was enacted. Under the current Chilean Income Tax Law, publicly held limited liability stock corporations, such as our company, are subject to this regime, consisting of a cash basis shareholder taxation.
Under the cash basis regime (or partially integrated regime), a company pays CIT on its annual income tax result. Foreign and local individual shareholders will only pay in Chile the relevant tax on effective profit distributions. They will be allowed to use the CIT paid by the distributing company as credit, with certain limitations. Only 65% of the CIT is creditable against the 35% shareholder-level tax. However, in those cases where tax treaties between Chile and the jurisdiction of the shareholder’s residence were signed before January 1, 2020 (even if not yet in effect), the CIT is entirely creditable against the 35% withholding tax. This is the case with the tax treaty signed between Chile and the United States, which was signed before this date, but which is not in effect as of the date of this Report. In the case of treaties signed before January 1, 2020, but not ratified as of December 31, 2026, the shareholder may apply 100% of the CIT as a credit if a dividend distribution is made before December 31, 2026, on a transitional basis. Under the Chilean Tax Law in force at the date of this Report, the transitional treatment of applying the full 100% of the CIT as a credit against withholding tax of the U.S. Holders in case of dividend distributions will terminate on December 31, 2026, if the tax treaty between the United States and Chile is not ratified by that date. In that particular case, effective as of January 1, 2027, only 65% of the CIT will be creditable against the 35% U.S. Holders’ tax. On the other hand, if a tax treaty with a foreign jurisdiction is ratified by December 31, 2026, shareholders from that particular jurisdiction can continue to apply 100% of the CIT as a credit beyond such date.
The example below illustrates the effective Chilean withholding tax burden on a cash dividend received by a Foreign Holder, assuming a Chilean withholding tax base rate of 35%, an effective Chilean CIT rate of 27% (the CIT rate for 2022 under cash basis regime) and a distribution of 50% of the net income of the company distributable after payment of the Chilean CIT:
Line
Concept and calculation assumptions
Amount TaxTreaty Resident
Amount Non-TaxTreaty Resident
Company taxable income (based on Line 1 = 100)
Chilean corporate income tax: 27% x Line 1
Net distributable income: Line 1—Line 2
Dividend distributed (50% of net distributable income): 50% of Line 3
36.5
Withholding tax: (35% of (the sum of Line 4 and 50% of Line 2))
17.5
Credit for 50% of Chilean corporate income tax: 50% of Line 2
13.5
CIT partial restitution (Line 6 x 35%)(1)
Net withholding tax: Line 5 - Line 6 + Line 7
8.7
Net dividend received: Line 4 - Line 8
27.8
Effective dividend withholding rate: Line 8 / Line 4
11.0
23.9
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However, for purposes of the foregoing, the tax authority has not clarified whether the taxpayer residence will be the ADS holder’s address or the depositary’s address.
Taxation on Sale or Exchange of ADSs Outside of Chile
Gains obtained by a foreign holder from the sale or exchange of ADSs outside Chile are not subject to Chilean taxation.
Taxation on Sale or Exchange of Shares
In February 2022, a new tax reform eliminated the tax exemption on capital gains obtained from the sale of shares that meet certain requirements detailed below, and established a new tax that applies to sales of shares that are made as of September 1, 2022. For non-residents, the tax will be withheld by the purchaser, stockbroker, or securities agent acting on behalf of the seller.
As a result of the new tax reform, the Chilean Income Tax Law provides for a 10% tax on capital gains from the sale of shares of listed companies traded in stock markets. Although there are certain restrictions, in general terms, the law provides that in order to qualify for the 10% tax: (i) the shares must be of a publicly held limited liability stock corporation with a “sufficient stock market liquidity” status in the Chilean Stock Exchanges; (ii) the sale must be conducted in a Chilean Stock Exchange authorized by the CMF, or in a tender offer subject to Chapter XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law or as the consequence of a contribution to a fund as regulated in Section 109 of the Chilean Income Tax Law; (iii) the shares which are being sold must have been acquired on a Chilean Stock Exchange, or in a tender offer subject to Chapter XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law, or in an initial public offering (due to the creation of a company or to a capital increase), or due to the exchange of convertible publicly offered securities, or due to the redemption of a fund’s quota as regulated in Section 109 of the Chilean Income Tax Law; and (iv) the shares must have been acquired after April 19, 2001. For purposes of considering the ADSs as convertible publicly offered securities, they should be registered in the Chilean foreign securities registry (unless expressly excluded from such registry by the CMF).
Shares are considered to have a “high presence” in the Chilean Stock Exchanges (i) when they have been traded for a certain number of days at or beyond a volume threshold specified under Chilean law and regulations or (ii) in case the issuer has retained a market maker, under Chilean law and regulations. As of the date of this Report, our shares are considered to have a high presence in the Chilean Stock Exchanges, and we have not retained any market maker. Should our shares cease to have a “high presence” in the Chilean Stock Exchanges, the sale of our shares will be subject to the general tax regime, which will apply at varying levels depending on the time of the sale with respect to the date of loss of sufficient trading volume to qualify as a “high presence” security. If our shares regain a “high presence,” the 10% tax will again be available to holders thereof.
If the shares do not qualify for the 10% tax, capital gains on their sale or exchange of shares (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADSs representing such shares of common stock) could be subject to the general tax regime, with a 27% Chilean CIT, the rate applicable during 2022, and a 35% Chilean withholding tax, the former being creditable against the latter.
The date of acquisition of the ADSs is the date of purchase of the shares for which the ADSs are exchanged.
Taxation of Share Rights and ADS Rights
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For Chilean tax purposes and to the extent we issue any share rights or ADS rights, the receipt of share rights or ADS rights by a Foreign Holder of shares or ADSs under a rights offering is a nontaxable event. Also, there are no Chilean income tax consequences to Foreign Holders upon the exercise or the expiration of the share rights or the ADS rights.
Any gain on the sale, exchange, or transfer of any ADS rights by a Foreign Holder is not subject to taxes in Chile.
Any gain on the sale, exchange, or transfer of the share rights by a Foreign Holder is subject to a 35% Chilean withholding tax.
Other Chilean Taxes
There is no gift, inheritance, or succession tax applicable to foreign holders’ ownership, transfer, or disposition of ADSs. However, such taxes will generally apply to the transfer at death or by a gift of the shares by a foreign holder. There is no Chilean stamp, issue, registration, or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of shares or ADSs.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions, and final, temporary, and proposed Treasury regulations, all as of the date of this Report. These authorities are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion assumes that the depositary’s activities are clearly and appropriately defined to ensure that the tax treatment of ADSs will be identical to the tax treatment of the underlying shares.
The following are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined herein) of receiving, owning, and disposing of shares or ADSs. However, it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s decision to hold such securities and is based on the assumption stated above under “Chilean Tax Considerations” that there is no applicable income tax treaty in effect between the United States and Chile. The discussion applies only if the beneficial owner holds shares or ADSs as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of the beneficial owner’s particular circumstances. For instance, it does not describe all the tax consequences that may be relevant to:
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Persons or entities described above, including partnerships holding shares or ADSs and partners in such partnerships, should consult their own tax advisors about the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of shares or ADSs.
You will be a “U.S. Holder” for purposes of this discussion if you become a beneficial owner of our shares or ADSs and if you are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, it is generally expected that a U.S. Holder of ADSs will be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares represented by the ADSs. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a U.S. Holder of our ADSs will be treated in this manner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of shares for ADSs will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are released before shares are delivered to the depositary (pre-release) or intermediaries in the chain of ownership between beneficial owners and the issuer of the security underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits for beneficial owners of depositary shares. Such actions would also be inconsistent with claiming the reduced tax rate, described below, applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate beneficial owners. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Chilean taxes and the availability of the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate holders, each described below, could be affected by actions taken by such parties or intermediaries.
This discussion assumes that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, as described below. The discussion below does not address the effect of any U.S. state, local, estate, or gift tax law or non-U.S. tax law or tax considerations that arise from rules of general application to all taxpayers on a U.S. Holder of the shares or ADSs or of any future administrative guidance interpreting provisions thereof. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning their particular tax consequences of owning or disposing of shares or ADSs, including the applicability and effect of state, local, non-U.S., and other tax laws and the possibility of changes in tax laws, including the effects of any future administrative guidance interpreting provisions thereof.
Taxation of Distributions
The following discussion of cash dividends and other distributions is subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.” Distributions received by a U.S. Holder on shares or ADSs,
including the amount of any Chilean taxes withheld, other than certain pro-rata distributions of shares to all shareholders, will constitute foreign-source income to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). Because we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions generally will be reported to U.S. Holders as dividends. The amount of dividend income paid in Chilean pesos that a U.S. Holder will be required to include in income will equal the U.S. dollar value of the distributed Chilean peso, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the payment is received, regardless of whether the payment is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will generally not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss regarding the dividend income. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of its receipt, which would be ordinary income or loss and would be treated as income from U.S. sources for foreign tax credit purposes. Dividends will be included in a U.S. Holder’s income on the date of the U.S. Holder’s, or in the case of ADSs, the depositary’s, receipt of the dividend. Corporate U.S. Holders will not be entitled to claim the dividends-received deduction with respect to dividends paid by us.
Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury and the discussion below regarding rules intended to be promulgated by the U.S. Treasury, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends received by a non-corporate U.S. Holder in respect of shares or ADSs generally will be subject to taxation at preferential rates if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Dividends paid on the ADSs generally will be treated as qualified dividends if (i) the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (ii) we were not, in the year before the year in which the dividend was paid, and is not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) and (iii) the holder thereof has satisfied certain holding period requirements. The ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and generally will qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are so listed. We do not believe that we were a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2022 taxable year. In addition, based on our current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, and relevant market and shareholder data, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC for our 2023 taxable year. However, because PFIC status depends upon the composition of a company’s income and assets and the market value of its assets from time to time, and because it is unclear whether certain types of our income constitute passive income for PFIC purposes, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any current, prior or future taxable year.
Based on existing guidance, it is not entirely clear whether dividends received concerning shares will be treated as qualified dividends because they are not themselves listed on a U.S. exchange. In addition, the U.S. Treasury has announced its intention to promulgate rules under which holders of ADSs and intermediaries through whom such securities are held will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends are treated as qualified dividends. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, it is not clear whether we will comply with them. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors to determine whether the favorable rate will apply to dividends they receive and whether it is subject to any special rules limiting its ability to be taxed at this favorable rate.
The amount of a dividend generally will be treated as foreign-source dividend income to a U.S. Holder for foreign tax credit purposes. As discussed in more detail below under “—Foreign Tax Credits,” it is not free from doubt whether Chilean withholding taxes imposed on distributions on shares or ADSs will be treated as income taxes eligible for a foreign tax credit for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a Chilean withholding tax is treated as an eligible foreign income tax, subject to generally applicable limitations, you may claim a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability for the eligible Chilean taxes withheld from distributions on shares
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or ADSs. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), special rules will apply in determining the amount of the dividend taken into account to calculate the foreign tax credit limitation. The rules relating to foreign tax credits are complex. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of Chilean withholding taxes imposed on distributions on shares or ADSs.
Sale or Other Disposition of Shares or ADSs
If a beneficial owner is a U.S. Holder, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the gain or loss a beneficial owner realizes on the sale or other disposition of shares or ADSs will be a capital gain or loss, and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the beneficial holder has held the shares or ADSs for more than one year. The amount of a beneficial owner’s gain or loss will equal the difference between the beneficial owner’s tax basis in the shares or ADSs disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars. Such gain or loss will generally be U.S.-source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. In addition, certain limitations exist on the deductibility of capital losses by both corporate and individual taxpayers.
In certain circumstances, Chilean taxes may be imposed upon the sale of shares (but not ADSs). See “— Chilean Tax Considerations — Taxation of Shares and ADSs.” If a Chilean tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of shares, a beneficial owner that is a U.S. Holder may be eligible to claim a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability for the eligible Chilean taxes withheld under a sale or disposition of shares or ADSs as discussed in “— Foreign Tax Credits” below. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular consequences to them of owning or disposing of our shares or ADSs.
Foreign Tax Credits
Subject to applicable limitations that may vary depending upon a U.S. Holder’s circumstances and subject to the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, you may be eligible to claim a credit against your U.S. tax liability for Chilean income taxes (or taxes imposed in lieu of an income tax) imposed in connection with distributions on and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our shares or ADSs. Chilean dividend withholding taxes generally are expected to be income taxes eligible for the foreign tax credit. The Chilean capital gains tax is likely to be treated as an income tax (or a tax paid in lieu of an income tax) and thus eligible for the foreign tax credit; however, you generally may claim a foreign tax credit only after taking into account any available opportunity to reduce the Chilean capital gains tax, such as the reduction for the credit for Chilean corporate income tax that is taken into account when calculating Chilean withholding tax. If a Chilean tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of our shares or ADSs, and a U.S. Holder does not receive significant foreign source income from other sources, such U.S. Holder may not be able to credit such Chilean tax against its U.S. federal income tax liability. If a Chilean tax is not treated as an income tax (or a tax paid in lieu of an income tax) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder would be unable to claim a foreign tax credit for any such Chilean tax withheld; however, a U.S. Holder may be able to deduct such tax in computing its U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to applicable limitations. In addition, instead of claiming a credit, a U.S. Holder may, at the U.S. Holder’s election, deduct such Chilean taxes in computing the U.S. Holder’s taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. law. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year to foreign countries and possessions of the U.S. The calculation of foreign tax credits and, in the case of a U.S. Holder that elects to deduct foreign income taxes, the availability of deductions, involves the application of complex rules that depend on such U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits in their particular circumstances.
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Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
We do not believe that we were a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2022 taxable year and do not anticipate being a PFIC for our 2023 taxable year. However, because PFIC status depends upon the composition of a company’s income and assets and the market value of its assets from time to time, and because it is unclear whether certain types of our income constitute passive income for PFIC purposes, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any current, prior, or future taxable year. If we were to become a PFIC for any taxable year during which a beneficial owner held shares or ADSs, certain adverse consequences could apply to the U.S. Holder, including the imposition of higher amounts of tax than would otherwise apply and additional filing requirements. In addition, if we were treated as a PFIC in a taxable year in which we pay a dividend or in the prior taxable year, the favorable dividend rates discussed above with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders would not apply (see “— Taxation of Distributions” above). U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the consequences to them if we were to become a PFIC and the availability and advisability of making any election that might mitigate the adverse consequences of PFIC status.
Required Disclosure with Respect to Foreign Financial Assets
Certain U.S. Holders are required to report information relating to an interest in our shares or ADSs, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for our shares or ADSs held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions), by attaching a completed IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold an interest in our shares or ADSs. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own U.S. tax advisors regarding information reporting requirements relating to their ownership of our shares or ADSs.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.- related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless: (i) the U.S. Holder is an exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the beneficial owner provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that the U.S. Holder is not subject to backup withholding.
The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a beneficial owner will be allowed as a credit against the beneficial owner’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished in a timely fashion to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
Medicare Contribution Tax
A U.S. Holder that is an individual or estate, or a trust that does not meet certain requirements for an exemption, is subject to a tax of 3.8% on its “net investment income.” Among other items, net investment income generally includes gross income from dividends and net gain attributable to the disposition of certain property, like the shares or ADSs, less certain deductions. A U.S. Holder should consult the holder’s own tax advisor regarding the applicability of the “net investment income” tax regarding such beneficial owner’s particular circumstances.
U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular consequences to them of owning or disposing of shares or ADSs.
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Dividends and Paying Agents.
G.
Statement by Experts.
H.
Documents on Display.
We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, except that as a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the SEC proxy rules (other than general anti-fraud rules) or the short-swing profit disclosure rules of the Exchange Act. Under these statutory requirements, we file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC. Reports, information statements, and other information we file with or furnish to the SEC are available electronically on the SEC’s website, which can be accessed at http://www.sec.gov and on our website www.enelchile.cl. Copies of such material may also be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, at 11 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, on which our ADSs are listed.
I.
Subsidiary Information.
For information on our principal subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — C. Organizational Structure — Principal Subsidiaries and Affiliates.”
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to risks arising from volatility in commodity prices, interest rates, and foreign exchange rates that affect the generation, distribution, and transmission businesses in Chile.
Commodity Price Risk
In our electricity generation business segment, we are exposed to market risks from the price volatility of some commodities, mainly through fuel purchases for the electricity generation process and energy purchase-sale transactions carried out in local markets.
In order to reduce risk under extreme drought conditions, we have designed a commercial policy that aligns sale commitment levels with generation capacity during a dry year by including risk mitigation clauses with unregulated clients in some contracts. In the case of regulated clients subject to long-term tender processes, indexed polynomials are determined to minimize commodity exposure.
Considering the operating conditions faced in the electricity generation market in Chile, drought, and the volatility of commodity prices in international markets, we continually evaluate if it is in our best interests to engage in hedging to mitigate the impact of price changes on profits.
As of December 31, 2022, we held the following hedges:
As of December 31, 2021, we held the following swaps:
Depending on the operating conditions that are updated continuously, these hedging measures may be modified or included in other commodities.
Interest Rate and Foreign Currency Risk
As of December 31, 2022, the carrying values according to maturity and the corresponding fair value of our interest-bearing debt are detailed below. The amounts do not include derivatives. The rates in the table below are the result of the weighted average of the effective interest rates of each obligation, including expenses associated with financing and withholding taxes on interest payments related to financing obtained outside the country of domicile of each company.
Expected Maturity Date
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
FairValue(2)
(in millions of Ch$)(1)
Fixed Rate
Ch$/UF
261
Weighted average interest rate
3.1%
6.2%
3.3%
US$
177,443
480,321
137,977
158,946
335,151
1,760,546
3,050,384
2,933,192
2.8%
4.0%
2.9%
3.2%
5.9%
4.5%
4.4%
Other currencies
717
953
4,363
8,892
4.9%
4.7%
4.8%
Total fixed rate
178,421
481,289
138,930
159,899
336,104
1,764,909
3,059,552
2,942,360
3.0%
5.8%
Variable Rate
46,151
46,257
46,089
45,965
45,849
252,893
483,204
503,741
5.0%
4.1%
248,199
42,793
128,379
462,164
1.8%
2.7%
3.9%
Total variable rate
294,350
89,050
88,882
174,344
945,368
965,905
3.4%
4.2%
472,771
570,339
227,812
334,243
381,953
2,017,802
4,004,920
3,908,265
As of December 31, 2021, the carrying values according to maturity and the corresponding fair value of our interest-bearing debt are detailed below. The amounts do not include derivatives. The rates in the table below are the result of the weighted average of the effective interest rates of each obligation, including expenses
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associated with financing and withholding taxes on interest payments related to financing obtained outside the country of domicile of each company.
262
2.5%
28,796
175,101
474,120
136,244
1,841,242
2,791,748
3,044,846
2.1%
4.3%
778
743
4,256
8,008
29,797
175,864
474,882
136,987
1,845,498
2,800,018
3,053,116
2.2%
38,216
39,393
39,324
39,154
39,048
213,716
408,851
447,535
794,009
42,235
126,704
1,005,181
1.3%
0.2%
1.4%
1.2%
832,225
81,559
81,389
165,752
1,414,032
1,452,716
862,022
215,257
556,441
218,376
302,739
2,059,214
4,214,050
4,505,832
Interest Rate Risk
Our policy aims to minimize the average cost of debt and reduce the volatility of our financial results. Depending on our estimates and the debt structure, we sometimes manage interest rate risk by using interest rate derivatives.
As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, 84% and 82%, respectively, of our total outstanding debt had fixed interest rates, and 16% and 18%, respectively, of our total outstanding debt was subject to variable interest rates. Because of the exposure to variable interest rate risks, we engage in derivative hedging instruments.
As of December 31, 2022, the carrying values for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding fair value of the instruments that hedge the interest rate risk of our interest-bearing debt were as follows:
Expected Maturity Date
Variable to fixed rates
2,650
Fixed to variable rates
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As of December 31, 2021, the carrying values for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding fair value of the instruments that hedge the interest rate risk of our interest-bearing debt were as follows:
337,876
380,111
(6,101)
Foreign Currency Risk
Our policy seeks to maintain a balance between the currencies in which cash flows are indexed and each company’s debt. Most of our subsidiaries have access to funding in the same currency as their revenues, reducing the exchange rate volatility impact. In some cases, we cannot fully benefit from this. Therefore, we try to manage the exposure with financial derivatives such as cross-currency swaps or currency forwards. However, this may not always be available under reasonable terms due to market conditions.
As of December 31, 2022, the carrying values for financial accounting purposes and the corresponding fair value of the instruments that hedge the foreign exchange risk of our interest-bearing debt were as follows:
UF to US$
389,179
79,048
468,227
8,260
US$ to Ch$/UF
Ch$ to US$
As of December 31, 2021, the carrying values for financial accounting purposes and the corresponding fair value of the instruments that hedge the foreign exchange risk of our interest-bearing debt were as follows:
441,376
91,105
532,481
(37,403)
Please refer to Note 22 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements for further detail.
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(d) Safe Harbor
The information in this “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” contains information that may constitute forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” in the Introduction of this Report for safe harbor provisions.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
Depositary Fees and Charges
Our ADS program’s Depositary is Citibank, N.A. The Depositary collects fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary fees payable for cash distributions are deducted from the cash being distributed. For non-cash distributions, the Depositary will invoice the applicable ADS record date holders, and such fees may be deducted from distributions. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide the requested services until its fees for those services are paid. Under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, an ADS holder may have to pay the following service fees to the Depositary:
Service Fees
Fees
(1) Issuance of ADSs upon deposit of shares (excluding issuances as a result of distributions described in paragraph (4) below)
Up to US$ 5 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) issued
(2) Delivery of deposited securities against surrender of ADSs
Up to US$ 5 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) surrendered
(3) Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions (i.e., sale of rights and other entitlements)
Up to US$ 5 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held
(4) Distribution of ADSs pursuant to (i) stock dividends or other free stock distributions, or (ii) exercise of rights to purchase additional ADSs
(5) Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights to purchase additional ADSs (i.e., a spin-off of shares)
(6) Depositary services
Up to US$ 5 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held on the applicable record date(s) established by the Depositary
Depositary Payments for Fiscal Year 2022
The Depositary has agreed to reimburse certain expenses incurred by us in connection with our ADS program. In 2022, the Depositary reimbursed us for expenses related primarily to investor relations activities for approximately US$ 0.6 million (after the deduction of applicable U.S. taxes).
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
(a)
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2022.
There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error, and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Based upon our evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is gathered and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at that reasonable assurance level.
(b)
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining “adequate internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not necessarily prevent or detect some misstatements. It can only provide reasonable assurance regarding financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness for future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or because the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate over time.
Management assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2022. The assessment was based on criteria established in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO 2013 framework”). Based on the assessment, our management has concluded that as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
(c) Attestation Report of the Public Accounting Firm
Our independent registered public accounting firm has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. Their attestation report appears on page F-3.
(d)
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16. Reserved
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
As of December 31, 2022, the Directors Committee performs the Audit Committee’s functions, and the committee’s financial expert was Mr. Fernán Gazmuri P., as determined by the board of directors. Mr. Gazmuri is an independent member of the Directors Committee under the requirements of both Chilean law and NYSE corporate governance rules.
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
Our standards of ethical conduct are governed using the following corporate rulings or policies approved by our board of directors: (i) the Manual for the Management of Information of Interest to the Market (the “Manual”); (ii) the Human Rights and Politically Exposed Person Policy; (iii) the Code of Ethics; (iv) the Zero Tolerance Anti-Corruption Plan (the “ZTAC Plan”); (v) the Penal Risk Prevention Model; (vi) the Enel Global Compliance Program on Corporate Criminal Liability (the “Enel Global Compliance Program”); (vii) the Risk Control and Management System; (viii) procedures issued in compliance with the requirements of CMF General Norm Regulation No. 385, which was in force and subsequently replaced by CMF General Norm Regulation No. 461 (“NCG 461” in its Spanish acronym); and (ix) the Diversity Policy.
The Manual addresses the following issues: applicable standards and blackout periods regarding the information in connection with transactions of our securities, or those of our affiliates, entered into by directors, management, principal executives, employees, and other related parties; the existence of mechanisms for the continuous disclosure of information that is of interest to the market; and procedures that protect confidential information.
The Manual also includes our insider trading policy and procedure, which determines the general behavior criteria that our directors, management, principal executives, employees, and other related parties (“the Parties”) must follow in the transactions they carry out, contributing to the transparency and protection of investors.
The Manual regulates the following:
The Politically Exposed Person Policy includes procedures for regulating the commercial and contractual relationships between Politically Exposed People and us, and the Human Rights Policy incorporates and adapts the United Nations’ general principles related to human rights into our corporate policies. The Code of Ethics is based on general principles such as impartiality, honesty, integrity, and other ethical standards, all of which are expected from our employees. The ZTAC Plan reinforces the Code of Ethics principles, emphasizing avoiding corruption through bribes, preferential treatment, and other similar matters.
The Penal Risk Prevention Model satisfies the standards imposed by Chilean Law No. 20,393, which imposes criminal responsibility for legal entities for certain crimes, including money laundering, financing of terrorism, and bribery of public officials. The Enel Global Compliance Program is designed to reinforce the group’s commitment to the highest ethical, legal, and professional standards for enhancing and preserving the group’s reputation. It sets several preventive measures for corporate criminal liability.
The Internal Control and Risk Management System is a set of guidelines defined by Enel for the standards, procedures, and systems applied at different levels of our company to identify, analyze, evaluate, manage, and communicate risks. Enel classifies risk monitored in its Risk Catalogue into 6 macro-categories: Financial, Strategic, Governance & Culture, Operational, Compliance, and Digital Technology; as well as 38 sub-categories.
Enel Chile’s Risk Control and Management policy is guided by our principles rooted in Enel’s Internal Control and Risk Management System and contains policies that monitor limits and indicators related to our specific risks, corporate functions, or businesses. Our main risk control and management policies are described as follows:
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The Risk Control Chile area is ISO 31000:2022 (G31000) certified and acts under the guidelines of these international standards. The primary objective is to identify internal and external risks preemptively and to analyze, evaluate, and quantify the probability of their occurrence and impact on the Company. Each area within the Company manages risks using mitigation measures stipulated in action plans. In the risk management phase, necessary actions determined by internal policies and procedures are considered. The strict observance of ISO international standards and governmental regulations may require risk management actions to be documented to guarantee good governance practices and ensure business continuity.
NCG 461, issued by CMF, establishes a new structure and contents for the Company’s annual report, including corporate social responsibility practices, information related to the board’s functions and composition; relationships between the company, shareholders, and the general public; third-party assessments; and internal control and risk management. This information is available at the public’s disposal on the company’s website (www.enelchile.cl) and is sent to the stock exchanges.
In 2018, the board of directors approved a policy dealing with environmental and biodiversity issues. ESG criteria are integrated into our business model. The board periodically receives reports by management to identify and assess all risks associated with ESG and climate change issues, including compliance with board policies.
In 2016, we established the Diversity Policy that defines the key principles required to spread a culture focused on diversity and respect, preventing arbitrary discrimination, and encouraging equal opportunities and inclusion, all fundamental values in developing the Company’s activities. Through this policy, the Company seeks to improve the work environment and the quality of life of our employees. The Company is committed to creating an inclusive work environment where employees can develop their potential and maximize their contribution.
A copy of these documents is available on our webpage at www.enelchile.cl as well as upon request, free of charge, by writing or calling us at:
Investor Relations Department
124
Comuna de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
In the fiscal year 2022, there have been no amendments to any provisions of the documents described above. No waivers from any provisions of the Code of Ethics, the ZTAC Plan, or the Manual were expressly or implicitly granted to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, or any other senior financial officers in the fiscal year 2022.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The following table provides information on the aggregate fees for approved services billed by our independent registered accounting firm KPMG Auditores Consultores SpA (“KPMG”) and its respective affiliates by type of service for the periods indicated.
Services Rendered
Audit fees
1,258
1,175
Audit-related fees
Tax fees
All other fees
1,342
1,243
All the fees disclosed under audit-related fees and all other fees were pre-approved as required by the Directors Committee pre-approval policies and procedures.
The amounts included in the table above and any related footnotes have been classified in accordance with SEC guidance.
Directors Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Directors Committee, which performs the functions of the Audit Committee, has a pre-approval policy regarding the contracting of our external auditor, or any affiliate of the external auditor, for professional services. The professional services covered by such policy include audit and non-audit services provided to us.
Fees payable in connection with recurring audit services are pre-approved as part of our annual budget. Fees payable in connection with non-recurring audit services, once the Chief Financial Officer has examined them, are submitted to the Directors Committee for its final consideration.
The pre-approval policy established by the Directors Committee for non-audit services and audit-related fees is as follows:
The Directors Committee has designed, approved, and implemented the necessary procedures to fulfill the SEC requirements regarding the Audit Committee’s pre-approval of certain tax services.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
In the fiscal year 2022, there were no purchases of Enel Chile’s equity securities by us or any of our affiliates.
Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
The following summarizes the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those applicable to U.S. domestic issuers under the NYSE’s corporate governance rules.
Independence and Functions of the Directors Committee (Audit Committee)
Chilean law requires that at least two-thirds of the Directors Committee be independent directors. The CMF may, by a general norms’ regulation, set forth the requirements and conditions that must be met by board members to be independent directors. Notwithstanding the above, according to Article 50 bis of the Chilean Corporations Law, a member would not be considered independent if, at any time, within the last 18 months such member (i) had any relationship of a relevant nature and amount with the company, with other companies of the same group, with its controlling shareholder, or with the principal officers of any of them or has been a director, manager, administrator, or officer of any of them (being the CMF authorized to set forth the criteria of what will be deemed “relevant nature and amount”); (ii) had a family relationship with any of the members described in (i) above; (iii) has been a director, manager, administrator or principal officer of a non-profit organization that has received contributions from (i) above; (iv) has been a partner or a shareholder who has controlled, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the capital stock or has been a director, manager, administrator or principal officer of an entity that has provided consulting or legal services for a relevant consideration or external audit services to the persons listed in (i) above; and (v) has been a partner or a shareholder who has controlled, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the capital stock or has been a director, manager, administrator, or principal officer of the top competitors, suppliers, or customers. In case there are not enough independent directors on the board to serve on the Directors Committee, Chilean law determines that the independent director nominates the rest of the Directors Committee members among the remaining board members who do not meet the Chilean law independence requirements. Chilean law also requires that all publicly held limited liability stock corporations that have a market capitalization of at least UF 1.5 million (Ch$ 53 billion as of December 31, 2022) and at least 12.5% of its voting shares are held by shareholders that individually control or own less than 10% of such shares, must have at least one independent director and a Directors Committee.
Under the NYSE corporate governance rules, all members of the Audit Committee must be independent. The Audit Committee of a U.S. company must perform the functions detailed in, and otherwise comply with, the requirements of NYSE Listed Company Manual Rules 303A.06 and 303A.07. As of July 31, 2005, non-U.S. companies have been required to comply with Rule 303A.06, but not with Rule 303A.07. Since our
incorporation on March 1, 2016, we have complied with the independence and the functional requirement of Rule 303A.06.
Under our bylaws, all Directors Committee members must satisfy the requirements of independence, as stipulated by the NYSE. The Directors Committee comprises three members of the board. It complies with Article 50 bis of the Chilean Corporations Law and the criteria and requirements of independence prescribed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”), the SEC, and the NYSE. As of the date of this Report, the Directors Committee complies with the Audit Committee’s conditions as required by the SOX, the SEC, and the NYSE corporate governance rules. As a result, we have a single Committee, the Directors Committee, which includes the duties performed by an Audit Committee among its functions.
Corporate Governance Guidelines
The NYSE’s corporate governance rules require U.S.-listed companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. Chilean law provides for this practice through the procedures related to NCG 461 and the Manual. We have also adopted the Code of Ethics. Our bylaws include provisions that govern the creation, composition, attributions, functions, and compensation of the Directors Committee, including among its functions the duties performed by an Audit Committee. Please see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — C. Board Practices” for more information about the Director Committee’s functions and duties.
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure
Item 16I. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Item 17. Financial Statements
Not Applicable.
Item 18. Financial Statements
See Financial Statements included at the end of this Report.
Item 19. Exhibits
Exhibit
Description
By-laws (Estatutos) of Enel Chile S.A.
2.1
Description of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Enel Chile’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2020, is incorporated herein by reference.
8.1
List of Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022.
12.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
12.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
13.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document – The Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Inline Cover Page Interactive File – The Cover Page Interactive Data File does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
We will furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, copies of any non-filed instruments that define the rights of holders of long-term debt of Enel Chile.
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
By:
/s/ Fabrizio Barderi
Name:
Title:
Date: April 26, 2023
129
Enel Chile and subsidiaries
Index to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms:
Report of KPMG Auditores Consultores SpA (PCAOB ID No. 1273) at December 31,2022, 2021, and 2020
F-1 - F-4
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
F-5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
F-7
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
F-9
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
F-11
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-12
Ch$Chilean pesos
US$U.S. dollars
UF“Unidades de Fomento” – A Chilean inflation-indexed, Chilean peso-denominated monetary unit that is set daily in advance based on the previous month’s inflation rate.
UTM“Unidad Tributaria Mensual” –Chilean inflation-indexed monthly tax unit used to define fines, among other purposes.
UTA“Unidad Tributaria Annual” – Chilean inflation-indexed annual tax unit. One UTA equals 12 UTM.
ThCh$Thousands of Chilean pesos
ThUS$Thousands of U.S. dollars
EUREuro
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Enel Chile S.A.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Enel Chile S.A. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income by nature, changes in equity, and cash flows direct for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated April 26, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
KPMG Auditores Consultores Ltda, a Chilean joint-stock company and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
F-1
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgment. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Unbilled Revenue
As discussed in Notes 3q and 28 to the consolidated financial statements, revenue from sales to customers includes estimates of energy provided and not billed as of December 31, 2022, amounting to ThCh$812,406,845 related to the distribution and generation entities in Chile. These estimates are made based on the quantity of energy consumed by customers during the period, at the prices stipulated in the electricity tariffs in accordance with the current regulation or, if applicable, contractual arrangements with customers.
We identified the revenue recognition of energy provided and not invoiced as a critical audit matter due to the auditor judgment required to assess the complexity of the non-standardized determination of energy consumed by customers and the calculation of price formulas established in the contracts and regulations. In addition, auditor judgment was required to assess the adequacy of the nature and extent of the audit evidence obtained.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the unbilled revenue process for the distribution and generation entities. This included controls related to:
• the price used for estimation of unbilled sales to customers
• inputs used to estimate the quantity of energy consumed by customers, such as energy purchased from the Company and the customer´s historical consumption information, including the energy consumption by customers in the previous month
• the comparison between the estimate of unbilled revenue at the end of the month versus the actual volume of energy subsequently measured and billed to customers (back-testing) for the distribution and generation entities.
We compared the volume used in the estimate of unbilled revenue at the end of the year versus the actual volume of energy subsequently measured and billed to customers (back-testing) or to external data provided by the local regulator, as applicable. We reassessed a sample of the price used to calculate the unbilled sales to customers based on current contracts and decrees issued by the local regulator. We evaluated the reconciliation of the sales ledger to the actual sales report as of year-end. In addition, we assessed the sufficiency of the nature and extent of the audit evidence obtained, as well as the Company’s disclosures of this matter in Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG
KPMG Auditores Consultores SpA
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
April 26, 2023
KPMG Auditores Consultores SpA, a Chilean joint-stock company and a member firm of the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee. All rights reserved.
F-2
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Enel Chile S.A. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income by nature, changes in equity, and cash flows direct for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated April 26, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
F-3
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
.
F-4
Consolidated Financial Statements
ENEL CHILE S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021
Note
12-31-2022
12-31-2021
ThCh$
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
875,213,699
309,975,140
Other current financial assets
3,530,216
4,041,415
Other current non-financial assets
8.a
192,640,352
66,825,997
Trade and other receivables, current
1,509,513,355
688,185,127
Current accounts receivable from related parties
256,268,604
56,440,088
Inventories
77,916,093
31,247,710
Current tax assets
120,558,367
111,537,016
Total current assets other than assets or groups of assets for disposal classified as held for sale or as held for distribution to owners
3,035,640,686
1,268,252,493
Non-current assets or disposal groups held for sale
28,601,633
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
3,064,242,319
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Other non-current financial assets
59,827,640
39,379,065
Other non-current non-financial assets
78,276,341
89,616,648
Trade and other non-current receivables
691,147,645
515,786,340
Non-current accounts receivable from related parties
6,348,001
Investments accounted for using the equity method
17,752,778
9,923,933
Intangible assets other than goodwill
191,441,263
191,221,555
Goodwill
883,613,429
921,078,198
Property, plant and equipment
6,572,353,994
6,110,688,761
Investment property
7,348,262
7,539,005
Right-of-use assets
233,698,432
160,788,861
Deferred tax assets
19.b
65,877,629
179,700,736
TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS
8,801,337,413
8,232,071,103
TOTAL ASSETS
11,865,579,732
9,500,323,596
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (continued)
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other current financial liabilities
68,519,783
88,339,890
Current lease liabilities
19,020,636
11,105,018
Trade and other payables, current
1,743,892,909
978,324,487
Current accounts payable to related parties
946,498,574
1,004,597,958
Other current provisions
22,902,006
19,756,317
Current tax liabilities
334,336,370
13,148,707
Other current non-financial liabilities
8.b
33,321,602
17,053,840
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
3,168,491,880
2,132,326,217
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other non-current financial liabilities
2,183,803,256
1,941,874,378
Non-current lease liabilities
216,664,919
148,557,059
Trade and other payables non-current
308,308,862
179,397,412
Non-Current accounts payable to related parties
1,147,096,713
1,300,059,097
Other long-term provisions
189,470,243
194,112,714
Deferred tax liabilities
199,016,494
197,416,950
Non-current provisions for employee benefits
62,699,415
58,951,586
Other non-current non-financial liabilities
1,088,647
1,135,285
TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
4,308,148,549
4,021,504,481
TOTAL LIABILITIES
7,476,640,429
6,153,830,698
EQUITY
Share and paid-in capital
27.1
3,882,103,470
Retained earnings
2,474,432,817
1,603,186,295
Other reserves
27.5
(2,259,335,392)
(2,387,421,412)
Equity attributable to shareholders of Enel Chile
4,097,200,895
3,097,868,353
Non-controlling interests
27.6
291,738,408
248,624,545
TOTAL EQUITY
4,388,939,303
3,346,492,898
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
F-6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, by Nature
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
STATEMENTS OF PROFIT (LOSS)
4,379,000,090
2,829,682,404
2,548,384,317
Other operating income
577,431,773
25,547,131
37,017,880
4,956,431,863
2,855,229,535
2,585,402,197
(3,399,524,067)
(2,011,305,404)
(1,374,445,639)
Contribution Margin
1,556,907,796
843,924,131
1,210,956,558
Other work performed by the entity and capitalized
16.b.2
44,569,685
31,157,196
25,539,316
Employee benefits expense
(158,239,393)
(163,345,154)
(137,226,748)
Depreciation and amortization expense
31.a
(238,272,951)
(210,927,656)
(229,957,019)
Impairment (loss) reversal recognized in profit or loss
31.b
(1,547,699)
(32,898,854)
(697,806,441)
Impairment (loss) impairment gain and reversal of impairment loss determined in accordance with IFRS 9
(22,025,354)
(18,765,175)
(15,167,707)
Other expenses, by nature
(269,034,847)
(189,550,825)
(190,593,334)
Operating Income
912,357,237
259,593,663
(34,255,375)
981,981,296
10,137,284
9,488,815
50,414,585
26,420,400
36,160,460
(193,618,033)
(174,043,116)
(127,408,771)
Share of profit of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method
3,281,241
3,177,409
3,509,392
18,401,453
(15,334,368)
(23,272,231)
Gains or losses from indexed assets and liabilities
5,862,890
5,897,520
2,085,768
Profit (loss) before taxes
1,778,680,669
115,848,792
(133,691,942)
Income tax expense
19.a
(469,696,880)
(15,138,658)
81,305,107
PROFIT (LOSS)
1,308,983,789
100,710,134
(52,386,835)
Profit (loss) attributable to
Profit (loss) attributable to owners of the parent
1,252,082,258
85,153,969
(50,860,313)
Profit (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
56,901,531
15,556,165
(1,526,522)
Profit (loss)
Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings (losses) per share
Ch$/Share
Weighted average number of outstanding shares
Th
69,166,557
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings (losses) per share
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, by Nature (continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2019
(In thousands of Chilean pesos – ThCh$)
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Gains (losses)
Components of other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss, before taxes
Profit (loss) from defined benefit plans
26.2.b
(7,304,757)
12,547,898
(8,545,834)
Other comprehensive loss that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Components of other comprehensive income that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss, before taxes
Gains (losses) from foreign currency translation differences
18,994,934
197,099,813
(69,218,245)
Gains (losses) on measuring financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income
(9,125)
Share of other comprehensive income from associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method
1,043,185
359,797
18,982
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges
67,832,602
(455,116,679)
208,749,917
Adjustments from reclassification of cash flow hedges, transferred to profit or loss
79,672,895
48,145,467
58,790,411
Other comprehensive income that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
167,543,614
(209,511,571)
198,331,940
Total components of other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes
160,238,857
(196,963,673)
189,786,106
Income tax related to components of other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Income tax related to defined benefit plans
1,972,561
(3,387,932)
2,308,510
Income tax related to components of other comprehensive income that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Income tax related to cash flow hedge
(39,826,484)
109,882,227
(72,741,119)
Income tax related to financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
(8)
2,464
(39,826,483)
109,882,219
(72,738,655)
Total other comprehensive income
122,384,935
(90,469,386)
119,355,961
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
1,431,368,724
10,240,748
66,969,126
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to:
Owners of Enel Chile
1,363,350,140
(17,917,889)
68,669,685
68,018,584
28,158,637
(1,700,559)
F-8
Changes in Other Reserves
Share and Paid-inCapital (1)
Translation Reserve (2)
Reserve forCash FlowHedges
Reserve forDefined BenefitPlans
Reserve forGains and Losseson measuringFinancial Assetat Fair Value through OtherComprehensiveIncome
Other Comprehensive Income
Other MiscellaneousReserves
Total OtherReserves (3)
Retained Earnings
Equityattributable toowners ofthe parentto Shareholdersof Enel Chile
Non-ControllingInterests (4)
Total Equity
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Equity at beginning of period 1-1-2022
279,801,463
(391,523,134)
1,804
(111,719,867)
(2,275,701,545)
Changes in equity
Comprehensive income
Other comprehensive income (loss)
17,081,503
99,387,492
(5,211,060)
111,257,933
9,949
111,267,882
11,117,053
(375,624,676)
(23,365,365)
(398,990,041)
Increase (decrease) from other changes
(178,457)
(1,033,235)
5,211,060
3,999,368
12,818,770
16,818,138
11,607,078
(1,539,356)
10,067,722
Total changes in equity
16,903,046
98,354,257
115,257,301
12,828,719
128,086,020
871,246,522
999,332,542
43,113,863
1,042,446,405
Equity at end of period 12-31-2022
296,704,509
(293,168,877)
1,802
3,537,434
(2,262,872,826)
TranslationReserve (2)
Reserve forGains and Losseson measuringFinancial Assetat Fair Valuethrough OtherComprehensiveIncome
OtherMiscellaneousReserves
Equity at beginning of period 1-1-2021
103,650,093
(102,946,095)
1,783
705,781
(2,278,331,266)
(2,277,625,485)
1,747,437,805
3,351,915,790
242,358,709
3,594,274,499
176,151,370
(288,577,039)
8,993,993
(103,431,655)
(103,071,858)
12,602,472
(238,399,472)
(21,782,812)
(260,182,284)
(8,993,993)
2,269,924
(6,724,069)
(109,989)
2,159,935
(112,425,648)
2,629,721
(109,795,927)
(144,251,510)
(254,047,437)
6,265,836
(247,781,601)
Equity at end of period 12-31-2021
Reserve forGains and Losseson measuringFinancial Asset at Fair Value through OtherComprehensiveIncome
Equity at beginning of period 1-1-2020
166,116,569
(291,006,520)
8,384
(124,881,567)
(2,280,627,568)
(2,405,509,135)
2,008,103,651
3,484,697,986
262,585,666
3,747,283,652
(62,466,476)
188,060,425
(6,076,332)
(6,601)
119,511,016
119,529,998
(174,037)
(203,729,201)
(18,163,142)
(221,892,343)
6,076,332
2,277,320
8,353,652
(363,256)
1,914,064
125,587,348
2,296,302
127,883,650
(260,665,846)
(132,782,196)
(20,226,957)
(153,009,153)
Equity at end of period 12-31-2020
(1) See Note 27.1
(2) See Note 27.3
(3) See Note 27.5
(4) See Note 27.6
F-10
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Direct Method
Statements of Cash Flows - Direct Method
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
Types of collection from operating activities
Collections from the sale of goods and services
5,509,393,246
3,686,363,387
2,961,814,449
Collections from premiums and services, annual payments, and other obligations from policies held
554,616
14,095,650
6,846,414
Collections from leasing and subsequent sale of such assets
14,082,550
13,674,456
102,436,230
Other collections from operating activities
43,343,670
142,770
16,403,356
Types of payment in cash from operating activities
Payments to suppliers for goods and services
(4,469,547,402)
(2,917,132,449)
(1,935,080,572)
Payments to and on behalf of employees
(147,549,249)
(134,092,365)
(140,378,194)
Payments of premiums and services, annual payments, and other obligations from policies held
(26,594,156)
(23,852,317)
(25,114,326)
Payments to manufacture or acquire assets held to lease to others and subsequently held for sale
(1,026,749)
(56,489,776)
Other payments for operating activities
(108,055,801)
(108,405,395)
(170,290,593)
Income taxes paid
(59,828,183)
(112,104,283)
(1,342,494)
Other cash outflows, net
(11,020,478)
(4,769,890)
(2,938,296)
Net cash flows from operating activities
744,778,813
412,892,815
755,866,198
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities
Cash flows from the loss of control of subsidiaries or other businesses, net
6.d)
1,234,493,876
Other cash payments to acquire equity or debt instruments of other entities
(4,664,044)
(69,575)
(2,769,624)
Other collections from the sale of shares in joint ventures
12.3.c)
11,786,767
Other cash payments to acquire shares in joint ventures
(29,940,350)
Loans to related companies
(43,013)
(1,402,847)
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment
1,482,597
18,197,075
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(915,692,779)
(748,013,237)
(514,807,265)
Proceeds from the sale of intangible assets
2,489,340
Purchases of intangible assets
(21,868,532)
(38,059,298)
(39,506,950)
Collections from reimbursement of advances and loans granted to others
6.e)
172,369,859
Payments for future, forward, option and swap contracts
(26,695,926)
(4,791,872)
(3,260,921)
Collections from future, forward, option and swap contracts
25,298,133
11,607,175
22,229
Collections from related entities
1,381,763
Dividends received
484,369
7,023,030
Interest received
20,152,225
3,296,869
5,671,141
Other cash inflows (outflows)
194,964
Net cash flows from (used in) investing activities
455,571,379
(736,554,810)
(554,651,390)
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities
Payments for other equity interests
(519,943)
Total proceeds from loans
6.f)
712,746,614
77,273,500
Proceeds from long-term loans
263,892,100
Proceeds from short-term loans
448,854,514
Loans from related companies
602,033,501
633,799,000
484,520,001
Payments of loans
(510,046,267)
(33,736,628)
(150,878,247)
Payments on borrowings and lease liabilities
(6,613,399)
(6,060,566)
(4,940,582)
Payments of loans to related entities
(1,187,697,500)
Dividends paid
(39,609,648)
(231,068,611)
(312,714,789)
Interest paid
(186,961,822)
(142,891,300)
(139,251,404)
Other outflows of cash, net
(12,507,838)
(4,083,886)
(3,884,370)
Net cash flows (used in) from financing activities
(628,656,359)
293,231,509
(127,669,334)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents before effect of exchange rate movements
571,693,833
(30,430,486)
73,545,474
(6,455,274)
8,369,613
22,806,039
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
565,238,559
(22,060,873)
96,351,513
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
332,036,013
235,684,500
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
ENEL CHILE S.A
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Contents
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
F-15
2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-16
2.1 Accounting principles
2.2 New accounting pronouncements
2.3 Responsibility for the information, judgments and estimates provided
F-21
2.4 Subsidiaries
F-22
2.5 Investment in associates
F-23
2.6 Joint arrangements
F-24
2.7 Basis of consolidation and business combinations
F-25
2.8 Functional currency
F-26
2.9 Conversion of financial statements denominated in foreign currency
3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
F-28
a) Property, plant and equipment
b) Investment property
F-29
c) Goodwill
F-30
d) Intangible assets other than goodwill
d.1) Research and development expenses
d.2) Other intangible assets
F-31
e) Impairment of non-financial assets
f) Leases
F-33
f.1) Lessee
f.2) Lessor
F-34
g) Financial instruments
g.1) Financial assets other than derivatives
g.2) Cash and cash equivalents
F-35
g.3) Impairment of financial assets
g.4) Financial liabilities other than derivatives
F-36
g.5) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
F-38
g.6) Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities
F-39
g.7) Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities
g.8) Financial guarantee contracts
h) Fair value measurent
i) Investments accounted for using the equity method
F-41
j) Inventories
k) Non-current assets (or disposal group of assets) held for sale or held for distribution to owners and discontinued operations
l)Treasury shares
F-42
m) Provisions
m.1) Provisions for post-employment benefits and similar obligations
F-43
n) Translation of foreign currency balances
o) Classification of balances as current and non-current
p) Income taxes
F-44
q) Revenue and expense recognition
r) Earnings per share
F-46
s) Dividends
t) Share issuance costs
F-47
u) Statement of cash flows
4. SECTOR REGULATION AND ELECTRICITY SYSTEM OPERATIONS
F-48
a) Regulatory framework
b) Regulatory matters
F-51
c) Tariff Revisions and Supply Processes
F-55
5. NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
F-59
6. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
F-61
7. OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS
F-64
8. OTHER NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
9. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
F-65
10. BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
F-72
10.1 Balances and transactions with related parties
F-73
a) Receivables from related parties
b) Accounts payable to related parties
F-74
c) Significant transactions and effects on profit or loss
F-75
d) Significant transactions
10.2 Board of Directors and key management personnel
F-77
10.3 Compensation of key management personnel
F-80
10.4 Incentive plans for key management personnel
10.5 Compensation plans linked to share price
10.6 Restricted stock unit program
11. INVENTORY
F-81
12. CURRENT TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
13. INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD
F-82
13.1. Investments accounted for using the equity method
13.2. Additional financial information on investments in associates
F-83
13.3. Joint ventures
F-84
14. INTANGIBLE ASSETS OTHER THAN GOODWILL
F-86
15. GOODWILL
F-88
16. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
F-90
17. INVESTMENT PROPERTY
F-95
18. RIGHT-OF-USE-ASSETS
F-96
19. INCOME TAX AND DEFERRED TAXES
F-97
a) Income taxes
b) Deferred taxes
F-98
20. OTHER FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
F-100
20.1 Interest-bearing borrowings
20.2 Unsecured liabilities
F-102
20.3 Secured liabilities
F-103
20.4 Hedged debt
20.5 Other information
F-104
20.6 Future Undiscounted debt flows
21. LEASE LIABILITIES
F-105
22. RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY
F-106
22.1 Interest rate risk
22.2 Exchange rate risk
F-107
22.3 Commodities risk
22.4 Liquidity risk
F-108
22.5 Credit risk
22.6 Risk measurement
F-109
23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
F-110
23.1 Financial instruments, classified by type and category
23.2 Derivative instruments
F-111
23.3 Fair value hierarchy
F-114
24. CURRENT AND NON-CURRENT PAYABLES
F-115
25. PROVISIONS
F-116
26. POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS
F-117
26.1 General information
26.2 Details, movements and presentation in financial statements
26.3 Other disclosures
F-118
27. EQUITY
F-119
27.1 Equity attributable to the owners of Enel Chile
27.1.1 Subscribed and paid capital and number of shares
27.2 Dividends
27.3 Foreign currency translation reserves
27.4 Restrictions on subsidiaries transferring funds to the parent
27.5 Other reserves
F-120
27.6 Non-controlling Interests
F-121
28. REVENUE AND OTHER OPERATING INCOME
F-122
F-13
29. RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES USED
F-123
30. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EXPENSE
31. DEPRECIATION, AMORTIZATION AND IMPAIRMENT LOSS OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND FINANCIAL ASSETS UNDER-IFRS 9
F-124
32. OTHER EXPENSES, BY NATURE
33. OTHER GAINS (LOSSES)
F-125
34. FINANCIAL RESULTS
35. INFORMATION BY SEGMENT
F-128
35.1 Basis of segmentation
35.2 Generation and distribution
F-130
36. GUARANTEES WITH THIRD PARTIES, CONTINGENT ASSETS AND, LIABILITIES, AND OTHER COMMITMENTS
F-132
36.1 Direct guarantees
36.2 Indirect guarantees
36.3 Litigation and arbitration proceedings
36.4 Financial restrictions
F-134
36.5 COVID-19 contingency
F-136
37. HEADCOUNT
38. SANCTIONS
39. ENVIRONMENT
F-138
40. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ON SUBSIDIARIES, SUMMARIZED
F-141
41. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
F-143
APPENDIX 1 DETAILS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY
F-144
APPENDIX 2 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR No. 715 OF FEBRUARY 3, 2012
F-146
APPENDIX 2.1 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON TRADE RECEIVABLES
F-148
APPENDIX 2.2 ESTIMATED SALES AND PURCHASES OF ENERGY, POWER AND TOLL
F-150
APPENDIX 3 DETAILS OF DUE DATES OF PAYMENTS TO SUPPLIERS
F-151
F-14
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021 AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Enel Chile S.A., (hereinafter the “Parent Company”, the “Company” or “Enel Chile”) and its subsidiaries comprise the Enel Chile Group (hereinafter the “Group”).
The Company is a publicly traded corporation with registered address and head office located at Avenida Santa Rosa, No. 76, in Santiago, Chile. Since April 13, 2016, the Company is registered with the securities register of the Chilean Financial Market Commission (“Comisión para el Mercado Financiero” or “CMF”) and since March 31, 2016 is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States of America (hereinafter the “U.S. SEC”). On April 21, 2016, the Company’s shares began trading on the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Electronic Stock Exchange. In addition, the Company’s common stock began trading in the United States in the form of American Depositary Shares on the New York Stock Exchange on a “when-issued” basis from April 21, 2016 to April 26, 2017 and on a “regular-way” basis since April 27, 2016.
Enel Chile is a subsidiary of Enel S.p.A. (hereinafter “Enel”), an entity that has direct and indirect ownership interests of 64.93%.
The Company was initially incorporated by public deed dated January 22, 2016 and came into legal existence on March 1, 2016 under the name of Enersis Chile S.A. The Company changed its name to Enel Chile S.A. effective October 4, 2016, when the Company’s name was changed by means of an amendment of the by-laws. For tax purposes, the Company operates under Chilean Tax identification number 76.536.353-5.
As of December 31, 2022, the Group had 2,158 employees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Group averaged a total of 2,256 employees (see Note 37).
The Company’s corporate purpose consists of exploring for, developing, operating, generating, distributing, transmitting, transforming, and/or selling energy of any kind or form, whether in Chile or abroad, either directly or through other companies. It is also engaged in telecommunications activities, and it provides engineering consulting services in Chile and abroad. The Company’s corporate purpose also includes investing in, and managing, its investments in subsidiaries and associates which generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity, or whose corporate purpose includes any of the following:
BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2.1. Accounting principles
The consolidated financial statements of Enel Chile as of December 31, 2022, approved by its Board of Directors at its meeting held on April 26, 2023, have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
These consolidated financial statements reflect faithfully the financial position of Enel Chile and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of operations, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, and the related notes.
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under going concern assumptions on a historical cost basis except when, in accordance with IFRS, those assets and liabilities are measured at a fair value.
Appendix 1 – Detail of Assets and Liabilities in Foreign Currency; Appendix 2 – Additional Information Circular No. 715 of February 2, 2012; Appendix 2.1 – Supplementary Information on Trade Receivables; Appendix 2.2 – Estimates of Sales and Purchases of Energy, Power and Toll and Appendix 3 – Detail of Due Dates of Payments to Suppliers, form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2.2. New accounting pronouncements
Amendments and Improvements
Mandatory applicationfor annual periodsbeginning on or after:
Amendments to IFRS 16: COVID-19 - Related Rent Concessions Beyond June 30, 2021
April 1, 2021
Amendments to IFRS 3: References to the Conceptual Framework
January 1, 2022
Amendments to IAS 16: Proceeds Before Intended Use
Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous Contracts - Cost of Fulfilling a Contract
Annual improvements to IFRS: 2018-2020 Cycle- IFRS 1: First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards- IFRS 9: Financial Instruments - Amendment to Illustrative Examples accompanying IFRS 16 - IAS 41: Agriculture
Amendments to IFRS 16: “COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions after June 30, 2021”
Because of the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the IASB issued an amendment to IFRS 16 “Leases” on March 31, 2021, that extended by one year the period of application of the practical expedient that helps lessees to account for rental concessions linked to COVID-19. With these amendments, the IASB extended the practical expedient to rent concessions that reduce lease payments originally due on or before June 30, 2022.
The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2021, retrospectively, recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the amendment as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or another component of equity, as appropriate) at the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the lessee first applies the amendment. Earlier application is permitted, even for financial statements that have not been authorized for publication as of March 31, 2021. Enel Chile has decided not to apply these amendments early.
The adoption of these amendments generated no impacts on the Group’s consolidated financial statements on the date of initial application.
Amendments to IFRS 3: “References to the Conceptual Framework”
On May 14, 2020, the IASB issued a package of limited-scope amendments, including amendments to IFRS 3 “Business Combinations”. The amendments update references to the Conceptual Framework issued in 2018, in order to determine an asset or a liability in a business combination. In addition, the IASB added a new exception to IFRS 3 for liabilities and contingent liabilities, which specifies that, for certain liabilities and contingent liabilities, within the scope of IAS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”, or IFRIC 21: “Levies”, an acquirer applying IFRS 3 should refer to these standards, instead of the 2018 Conceptual Framework. Without this exception, an entity would have recognized certain liabilities in a business combination that would not be recognized in accordance with IAS 37.
The amendments are applicable prospectively to business combinations with acquisition dates beginning on or after January 1, 2022.
Amendments to IAS 16 “Proceeds before Intended Use”
As part of the package of limited-scope amendments issued in May 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 16 “Property, Plant and Equipment”, which prohibit a company from deducting from the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment amounts received from selling items produced while the company is preparing the asset for its intended use. Instead, the company will recognize such proceeds from sales and related costs in profit or loss for the period. The amendments also clarify that an entity is “testing whether an asset operates properly” when it assesses the technical and physical performance of the asset.
These amendments are applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022. Early application is permitted. The amendments will be applied retrospectively, but only from the beginning of the first period presented in the financial statements in which the entity applies the amendments for the first time. The accumulated effect of initial application of the amendments will be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or another equity component as applicable) at the beginning of the first period reported .
Amendments to IAS 37 “Onerous Contracts: Cost of Fulfilling a Contract”
The third standard amended by the IASB in the package of limited-scope amendments issued in May 2020 was IAS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”. The amendments specify which costs a company should include when evaluating whether a contract is onerous. In this sense, the amendments clarify that the direct cost of fulfilling a contract comprises both the incremental costs of fulfilling this contract (for example, direct labor and materials), as well as the allocation of other costs that are directly related to compliance with the contracts (for example, an allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used to fulfill the contract).
These amendments are applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022. Early application is permitted. Companies must apply these amendments to contracts for which all obligations have still not been fulfilled at the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the amendments are applied for the first time. They do not require restatement of comparative information. The accumulated effect of initially applying the amendments will be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or another equity component as applicable) at the date of initial application.
F-17
Annual Improvements to IFRS: 2018-2020 Cycle
On May 14, 2020, the IASB issued a number of minor amendments to IFRSs, in order to clarify or correct minor issues or overcome possible inconsistencies in the requirements of certain standards. The amendments with potential impact on the Group are the following:
These improvements are applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022. Early application is allowed. Entities must apply these amendments to financial liabilities that are modified or exchanged at the beginning of the annual reporting period, in which the amendments are applied for the first time.
As of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the following accounting pronouncements had been issued by the IASB, but their application was not mandatory:
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts
January 1, 2023
Amendments to IAS 1 and Practice Statement No. 2: Disclosure of Accounting Policies
Amendments to IAS 8: Definition of Accounting Estimates
Amendments to IAS 12: Deferred Taxes Relating to Assets and Liabilities Arising from a Single Transaction
Amendments to IFRS 16: Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback
January 1, 2024
Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current and Non-Current Liabilities with Covenants
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts”
On May 18, 2017, the IASB issued IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts, with the objective of helping investors and others to gain a better understanding of the risk exposure, profitability and financial position of insurance companies. The new standard is applicable to all types of insurance contracts, regardless of the type of entity that issuing them. This standard is also applicable to certain guarantees and financial instruments with specific discretionary participation features.
F-18
IFRS 17 replaces IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts, which was introduced as an interim standard in 2004, to solve comparison issues created by the latter. IFRS 17 requires that all insurance contracts be accounted for consistently. Insurance obligations will be accounted for at present value, rather than at historical cost. The information will be updated periodically, thereby providing more useful information to financial statement users.
In December 2021, the IASB amended IFRS 17 to add a "classification overlay" transition option to address possible accounting mismatches between financial assets and insurance contract liabilities in the comparative information presented on the initial application of IFRS 17.
This standard is applicable retrospectively, with certain exceptions, for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.
The adoption of these amendments generated no impacts of this amendment and Management has concluded that its implementation does not have a significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement No. 2: “Disclosure of Accounting Policies”
On February 12, 2021, the IASB issued limited-scope amendments to IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements and IFRS: Practice Statement No. 2 Making Materiality Judgements. This related to the final stage of its materiality improvement work, in order to help entities with their accounting policy disclosures. The aim was to provide more useful information to investors and other primary users of the financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 1 require entities to disclose their material information on the accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. The amendments to IFRS Practice Statement No. 2 provide guidance on how to apply the concept of materiality to accounting policy disclosures.
The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.
Amendments to IAS 8: “Definition of Accounting Estimates”
On February 12, 2021, the IASB issued limited-scope amendments to IAS 8: “Accounting Policies, Changes to Accounting Estimates and Errors.” The aim was to clarify how companies should distinguish between changes to accounting policies and changes to accounting estimates, in order to reduce diversity in practice.
This distinction is important because accounting estimate changes only apply prospectively to future transactions and other future events. In addition, accounting policy changes generally apply retrospectively to past transactions and other past events.
The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023 and will be applied prospectively to changes in estimates and accounting policies that occur from the beginning of the first year in which the entity applies the amendments.
F-19
Amendments to IAS 12: “Deferred Taxes related to Assets and Liabilities Arising from a Single Transaction”
On May 7, 2021, the IASB issued specific amendments to IAS 12: Income Taxes, with the aim of clarifying how companies should account for deferred taxes on transactions, such as leases and decommissioning obligations.
In certain circumstances, companies are exempt from recognizing deferred taxes when they recognize assets or liabilities for the first time. Previously, there was some uncertainty about whether the exemption applied to transactions, such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments clarify that the exemption is not applicable to transactions that at the time of initial recognition give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences and accordingly, companies are required to recognize deferred taxes on such transactions.
Amendments to IFRS 16 “Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback”
On September 22, 2022, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 16 Leases, in order to clarify how a lessee-seller measures a leaseback operation after the transaction date in order to meet the requirements of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in order to be recorded as a sale.
These amendments apply to annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments will be applied retrospectively to leaseback transactions performed after the initial application of IFRS 16.
Management is assessing the potential impact of the application of these amendments on the Group's consolidated financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 1 “Classification of Liabilities as Current and Non-Current” and “Non-Current Liabilities with Covenants”
On January 23, 2020, the IASB issued limited-scope amendments to IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements, in order to clarify how to classify debt and other liabilities as current or non-current. The amendments clarify that a liability is classified as non-current if the entity has, at the end of the reporting period, the substantial right to defer settlement of the liability during at least 12 months. The classification is not affected by the expectations of the entity or by events after the reporting date. The amendments include clarification of the classification requirements for debt that a company could settle by converting it to equity.
The amendments only affect the presentation of liabilities as current and non-current in the statement of financial position, not the amount and timing of their recognition, or the related disclosures. However, they could lead to companies reclassifying certain current liabilities to non-current and vice versa. This could affect compliance with covenants in the debt agreements of companies.
In addition, on October 31, 2022, the IASB issued new amendments to IAS 1, with the aim of improving the information that companies provide on long-term debt with covenants. The amendments also respond to comments from stakeholders on the classification of debt as current or non-current when applying the requirements issued in 2020.
The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted.
Management is assessing the potential impact of the application of these amendments on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
F-20
2.3. Responsibility for the information, judgments and estimates provided
The Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for the information contained in these consolidated financial statements and expressly states that all IFRS principles and standards have been fully implemented.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, certain judgments and estimates made by the Group’s management have been used to quantify some of the assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and commitments recognized.
The most significant areas where judgment was required are:
-The identification of Cash Generating Units (CGU) for impairment testing (see Note 3.e).
-The hierarchy of information used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value (see Note 3.h).
-Application of the revenue recognition model in accordance with IFRS 15 (see Note 3.q).
The estimates refer to:
-The valuations performed to determine the existence of impairment losses in non-financial assets and goodwill (see Note 3.e).
-The assumptions used to calculate the actuarial liabilities and obligations with employees, such as discount rates, mortality tables, salary increases, etc. (see Notes 3.m.1 and 25).
-The useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (see Notes 3.a and 3.d).
-The assumptions used to calculate the fair value of financial instruments (see Notes 3.h and 22).
-The energy supplied to customer whose meters have not yet been read.
-Certain assumptions inherent in the electricity system affecting transactions with other companies, such as production, customer billings, energy consumption, that allow for estimation of electricity system settlements that occur on the corresponding final settlement dates, but that are pending as of the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements and could affect the balances of assets, liabilities, income and expenses recognized in the financial statements (see Appendix 2.2).
-The interpretation of new normative related to the regulation of the Electric Sector, whose final economic effects will be determined by the resolutions of the relevant agencies (see Notes 4 and 9).
-The probability that uncertain or contingent liabilities will be incurred and their related amounts (see Note 3.m).
-Future disbursements for closure of facilities and restoration of land, as well as associated discount rates to be used (see Note 3.a).
-The tax results of the different Group subsidiaries that will be reported to the respective tax authorities in the future, and other estimates have been used as a basis for recording the different income tax related balances in these consolidated financial statements (see Note 3.p).
-The fair value of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, and any pre-existing interest in an entity acquired in a business combination.
-Determination of expected credit losses on financial assets (see Note 3.g.3)
-In the measurement of lease liabilities, determination of the lease term of contracts with renewal options, as well as the rates to be used to discount lease payments (see Note 3.f).
In relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, the degree of uncertainty generated in the macroeconomic and financial environment in which the Group operates, could affect the valuations and estimates made by Management to determine the carrying amounts of the more volatile assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2022, according to the information available and considering a scenario in constant evolution, the main areas that required Management to use their judgment and make estimates were the following: i) measurement of expected credit losses on financial assets; ii) determination of impairment losses on non-financial assets; and iii) measurement of employee benefits, including actuarial assumptions.
Although these judgments and estimates have been based on the best information available as of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, future events may occur that would require a change (increase or decrease) to these judgments and estimates in subsequent periods. This change would be made prospectively, recognizing the effects of this change in judgment or estimation in the related future consolidated financial statements.
2.4Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are defined as those entities controlled either, directly or indirectly by Enel Chile. Control is exercised if and only if the following conditions are met: the Company has i) power over the subsidiary; ii) exposure, or rights to variable returns from these entities; and iii) the ability to use its power to influence the amount of these returns.
Enel Chile has power over its subsidiaries when it holds the majority of substantive voting rights, or if this is not the case, when it holds the rights that grant it present capacity to direct their relevant activities, i.e., the activities that significantly affect the subsidiary’s performance.
The Group will reassess whether or not it controls a subsidiary if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the control elements listed above.
Subsidiaries are consolidated as described in Note 2.7.
The entities in which the Group has the ability to exercise control and consequently are included in consolidation in these consolidated financial statements are detailed below:
Taxpayer ID
Ownership % at12-31-2022
Ownership % at12-31-2021
No.
Country
Currency
Direct
Indirect
77.282.311-8
Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. (i) (iv) (v)
Chile
Chilean peso
96.800.570-7
Enel Distribución Chile S.A. (i)
96.783.910-8
100.00%
91.081.000-6
96.504.980-0
92.65%
77.047.280-6
Sociedad Agrícola de Cameros Ltda.
57.50%
76.924.079-9
Enel X Chile Spa
76.412.562-2
Enel Green Power Chile S.A. (ii)
U.S. dollar
96.971.330-6
Geotérmica del Norte S.A.
84.59%
76.126.507-5
Parque Talinay Oriente S.A.
60.91%
76.321.458-3
Almeyda Solar SpA (ii)
99.577.350-3
Empresa Nacional de Geotermia S.A. (iii)
76.722.488-5
Empresa de Transmisión Chena S.A. (iv)
2.4.1Changes in the scope of consolidation
This process was performed to comply with the requirements related to the exclusive line of business of distribution, in accordance with the latest amendments to Decree Law No. 4/2016 issued by the Ministry of Economy, Development and Reconstruction, which established the consolidated, coordinated and systematized text of Decree Law No. 1-1982 issued by the Ministry of Mining, General Law of Electric Services.
2.5. Investments in associates
Associates are entities over which Enel Chile, either directly or indirectly, exercises significant influence.
Significant influence is the power to participate in the decisions related to the financial and operating policy of the associate but without having control or joint control over those policies.
In assessing significant influence, the Group takes into account the existence and effect of currently exercisable voting rights or convertible rights at the end of each reporting period, including currently exercisable voting rights held by the Company or other entities. In general, significant influence is presumed to be present in those cases in which the Group has more than 20% of the voting power of the investee.
Associates are accounted for in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting as described in Note 3.i.
The detail of the companies that qualify as associates is the following:
Ownership % at 12-31-2022
Ownership % at 12-31-2021
76.418.940-K
GNL Chile S.A.
33.33%
76.364.085-K
Energía Marina SpA
25.00%
77.569.067-4
Enel X Way Chile SpA (i)
49.00%
77.157.779-2
Enel X AMPCI Ebus Chile SpA (ii)
20.00%
i.
On April 4, 2022, the division of Enel X Chile S.A. was finalized to create a new company by the name of Enel X Way Chile SpA. Then, on May 31, 2022, 1,020 shares of that company were sold for ThCh$11,358,338, equivalent to a 51% interest ownership (see Note 6.d).
ii.
On December 6, 2022, our subsidiary Enel X Chile S.A. completed the sale of its 20% interest in Enel X AMPCI Ebus Chile SpA. to AMPCI EBUS Developments LLC (see Notes see 6.d and 33).
2.6. Joint arrangements
Joint arrangements are defined as those entities in which the Group exercises control under an agreement with other shareholders and jointly with them, i.e., when decisions on the entities’ relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
Depending on the rights and obligations of the participants, joint agreements are classified as:
In determining the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved, the Group’s Management assesses its rights and obligations arising from the arrangement by considering the structure and legal form of the arrangement, the terms agreed by the parties in the contractual arrangement and, when relevant, other facts and circumstances. If facts and circumstances change, the Group reassesses whether the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved has changed.
The detail of companies classified as joint ventures is as follows:
Taxpayer ID No.
77.110.358-8
HIF H2 SpA. (i)
50.00%
77.017.930-0
Transmisora Eléctrica de Quillota Ltda. (ii)
77.230.801-9
Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA (iii)
Subsequently, on December 6, 2022, our subsidiary Enel X Chile completed the sale of its entire stake in Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA. to Enel X AMPCI Ebus Chile SpA, see Note 13.3. b.
Currently, Enel Chile is not involved in any joint arrangement that qualifies as a joint operation.
2.7. Basis of consolidation and business combinations
The subsidiaries are consolidated and all their assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and cash flows are included in the consolidated financial statements once the adjustments and eliminations of intra-group transactions have been made.
The comprehensive income from subsidiaries is included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date when the Enel Chile obtains control of the subsidiary until the date on which it loses control of the subsidiary.
The Group records business combinations using the acquisition method when all the activities and assets acquired meet the definition of a business and control is transferred to the Group. To be considered a business, a set of activities and assets acquired must include at least one input and a substantive process applied to it that, together, contribute significantly to the ability to create output. IFRS 3 provides the option of applying a “concentration test” that allows a simplified assessment of whether a set of acquired activities and assets is not a business. The concentration test is met if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets.
The operations of Enel Chile and its subsidiaries have been consolidated under the following basic principles:
For each business combination, IFRS allow valuation of the non-controlling interests in the acquiree on the date of acquisition: i) at fair value; or ii) for the proportional ownership of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree, with the latter being the methodology that the Group has systematically applied to its business combinations.
If the fair value of all assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date has not been completed, the Group reports the provisional values accounted for in the business combination. During the measurement period, which shall not exceed one year from the acquisition date, the provisional values recognized will be adjusted retrospectively as if the accounting for the business combination had been completed at the acquisition date, and also additional assets or liabilities will be recognized to reflect new information obtained about events and circumstances that existed on the acquisition date, but which were unknown to Management at that time. Comparative information for prior periods presented in the financial statements is revised as needed, including making any change in depreciation, amortization or other income effects recognized in completing the initial accounting.
For business combinations achieved in stages, the Parent Company measures at fair value the participation previously held in the equity of the acquiree on the date of acquisition and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in profit or loss of the period.
Non-controlling interests in equity and in the comprehensive income of the consolidated subsidiaries are presented, respectively, under the line items “Total Equity: Non-controlling interests” in the consolidated statement of financial position and “Profit (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests” and “Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
3.
Balances and transactions between consolidated companies have been fully eliminated on consolidation.
4.
Changes in the ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in the Group obtaining or losing control are recognized as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received, is recognized directly in equity attributable to shareholders of the Parent Company.
5.
Business combinations under common control are accounted for using the “pooling of interest” method. Under this method, the assets and liabilities involved in the transaction remain reflected at the same carrying amounts at which they were recorded in the ultimate parent company, although subsequent accounting adjustments may be needed to align the accounting policies of the companies involved. The Group does not apply a retrospective item of business combinations under common control.
Any difference between assets and liabilities contributed to the consolidation and the consideration paid is recorded directly in equity as a charge or credit to other reserves.
2.8. Functional currency
The functional and presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements of Enel Chile is the Chilean peso (Ch$). The functional currency has been determined, considering the economic environment in which the Company operates.
Any information presented in Ch$ has been rounded to the closest thousand (ThCh$) or million (MCh$), unless indicated otherwise.
2.9. Conversion of financial statements denominated in foreign currency
Conversion of the financial statements of the Group companies that have functional currencies different than Ch$, and do not operate in hyperinflationary economies, is carried out as follows:
The financial statements of subsidiaries the functional currency of which is that of a hyperinflationary economy, are first adjusted for inflation, recording any gain or loss in the net monetary position in profit or loss. Subsequently, all items (assets, liabilities, equity items, expenses and revenue) are converted at the exchange rate prevailing at the closing date of the most recent statement of financial position. Changes in the Company’s net investment in the subsidiary, which operates in a hyperinflationary economy, based on the application of the price-level restatement/translation method, are recorded as follows: (i) the effect of restatement due to inflation is recognized directly in Equity, under the account "Other reserves"; and (ii) the translation effect is recognized in Gains (losses) from foreign currency translation, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Argentine Hyperinflation
Beginning on July 2018, the Argentine economy has been considered to be hyperinflationary in accordance with the criteria established in IAS 29 “Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies”. This determination was made on the basis of a number of qualitative and quantitative criteria, especially the presence of accumulated inflation in excess of 100% during the three previous years.
In accordance with IAS 29, the financial statements of investees in Argentina have been restated retrospectively, applying the general price index at historical cost, in order to reflect changes in the purchasing power of the Argentine peso, as of the closing date of these consolidated financial statements.
The general price indexes used at the end of the reporting periods are as follows:
General price index
From January to December 2020
36.13
From January to December 2021
50.95
From January to December 2022
94.79
The effects of the application of this standard on these consolidated financial statements are detailed in Note 34.
F-27
The main accounting policies used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements are the following:
Property, plant and equipment are generally measured at acquisition cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses experienced. In addition to the price paid to acquire each item, the cost also includes the following concepts where applicable:
Assets under construction are transferred to operating assets once the testing period has been completed and they are available for use, at which time depreciation begins.
Expansion, modernization or improvement costs that represent an increase in productivity, capacity or efficiency, or a longer useful life are capitalized as an increase in the cost of the related assets.
The replacement or overhaul of entire components that increase the asset’s useful life or economic capacity are recorded as an increase in cost of the related assets, derecognizing the replaced or overhauled components.
Expenditures for periodic maintenance and repair are recognized directly as an expense for the year in which they are incurred.
Property, plant and equipment, net of its residual value, is depreciated by distributing the cost of the different items that comprise it on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is the period during which the Group expects to use the assets. Useful life estimates and residual values are reviewed on an annual basis and if appropriate adjusted prospectively.
In addition, the Group recognizes right-of-use assets for leases relating to property, plant and equipment in accordance with the criteria established in Note 3.f.
The following are the main categories of property, plant and equipment with their related estimated useful lives:
Class of property, plant and equipment
Years of estimateduseful life
Buildings
10 – 60
Plant and equipment
6 – 65
IT equipment
3 – 15
Fixtures and fittings
2 – 35
Motor vehicles
5 – 10
In addition, for further information, the following is a more detailed breakdown of the class of plant and equipment:
Class of plant and equipment
Generating plant and equipment
Hydroelectric plants
Civil engineering works
10 – 65
Electromechanical equipment
10 – 45
Combined cycle power plants
10 – 25
Renewable
10 – 50
Distribution plant and equipment
High-voltage network
Low- and medium-voltage network
Measuring and remote control equipment
Primary substations
6 – 25
Natural gas transportation
Gas pipelines
Land is not depreciated since it has an indefinite useful life, unless it relates to a right-of- use asset in which case it is depreciated over the term of the lease.
An item of property, plant and equipment is written off when sold or otherwise disposed of, or when no future economic benefits are expected to be obtained from its use, sale or other disposal.
Gains or losses arising from sales of property, plant and equipment or PP&E items retired, are recognized as “Other gains (losses)” in the statement of comprehensive income and are determined as the difference between the sale value and net carrying amount of the asset.
“Investment property” basically includes land and buildings that are kept for the purpose of obtaining gains from future sales or lease arrangements.
Investment property is measured at acquisition cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses experienced. Investment property, excluding land, is depreciated by distributing the cost of the several elements that comprise it on a straight-line basis over the years of useful life.
An investment property is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal.
Gains or losses arising from the sale or disposal of items of investment property are recognized as “Other gains (losses)” in the statement of comprehensive income and determined as the difference between the sales amount and the net carrying amount of the asset.
The fair value of investment property is disclosed in Note 17.
Goodwill arising from business combinations and reflected in consolidation, represents the excess of the value of the consideration transferred plus the amount of any non-controlling interest over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, measured at fair value at the date of acquisition of the subsidiary. During the measurement period of the business combination, goodwill may be adjusted as a result of changes in the provisional amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (see Note 2.7.1).
Goodwill arising from acquisition of companies with functional currencies other than the functional currency of the Parent Company is measured in the functional currency of the acquiree and translated to Chilean peso using the exchange rate effective as of the date of the statement of financial position.
After initial recognition, goodwill is not amortized, but rather, at the end of each accounting period, or when there are indications thereof, an impairment test is performed to determine whether any impairment has occurred that reduces its recoverable value to an amount lower than the recorded net cost, and if this is the case, the impairment is recorded in the statement of income for the period (see Note 3.e).
Intangible assets are initially recognized at their acquisition cost or production cost, and are subsequently measured at their cost, net of their accumulated amortization and impairment losses experienced.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives starting from the time they are in use, except for those assets with indefinite useful lives, for which amortization is not applicable. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, intangible assets with indefinite useful lives amounted to ThCh$6,550,168 and ThCh$14,766,953, respectively, mainly related to easements and water rights. The decrease in these assets at the end of December 2022 is mainly due to the transfer of ThCh$ 9,377,135 to assets classified as held for sale from Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. (see Note 5.2).
An intangible asset is derecognized when it is sold or otherwise disposed of, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use, sale or other disposal.
Gains or losses arising from sales of intangible assets are recognized in profit or loss for the period and determined as the difference between the amount of the sale and the carrying amount of the asset.
The criteria for recognizing impairment losses on these assets and, if applicable, recoveries of impairment losses recorded in prior periods are explained in letter e) of this Note below.
The Group recognizes the costs incurred in a project’s development phase as intangible assets in the statement of financial position as long as the project’s technical feasibility and future economic benefits have been demonstrated.
Research costs are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they are incurred.
These assets correspond mainly to computer software, water rights and easements. They are initially recognized at acquisition or production cost and are subsequently valued at cost net of the related accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any.
Computer software is amortized (on average) over four years. Certain easements and water rights have indefinite useful lives and are therefore not amortized.
During the period, and mainly at the end of each reporting period, the Group evaluates whether there is any indication that an asset has been impaired. If any such indication exists, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of that asset to determine the amount of the impairment loss. For identifiable assets that do not generate cash flows independently, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs, which is understood to be the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates independent cash inflows.
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, for CGUs to which goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives have been allocated, a recoverability analysis is performed routinely at each year-end.
The criteria used to identify the CGUs are based, in line with Management’s strategic and operating vision, within the specific characteristics of the business, the operating rules and regulations of the market in which the Group operates and corporate organization.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use, which is defined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows. In order to calculate the recoverable amount of Property, plant, and equipment, as well as of goodwill and intangible assets, at the level of each CGUs the Group uses value in use criteria in practically all cases.
To estimate value in use, the Group prepares future pre-tax cash flow forecasts based on the most recent budgets available. These budgets include Management’s best estimates of a CGU’s revenue and costs using sector forecasts, past experience and future expectations.
In general, these projections cover the next three years, estimating cash flows for subsequent years by applying reasonable growth rates which, in no case, are increasing rates nor exceed the average long-term growth rates for the particular sector. At the end of December 2022 and 2021, the rates used to extrapolate the projections were between 2.0% and 3.0%.
These flows are discounted to calculate their present value at a pre-tax rate that includes the cost of capital of the business and the geographical zone where it is carried out. This calculation considers the current cost of money and the risk premiums used in general among analysts for the business and geographical zone.
Future cash flows are discounted to calculate their present value at a pre-tax rate that covers the cost of capital for the business activity and the geographic area in which it is being carried out. The time value of money and risk premiums generally used among analysts for the business activity and the geographic zone are taken into account to calculate the pre-tax rate. The pre-tax discount rates, expressed in nominal terms, applied at the end of December 2022 were between 7.4% and 11.1% (at the end of December 2021 were between 6.0% and 7.7%).
The Company’s approach to allocate value to each key assumption used to project cash flows, considers:
Past experience has demonstrated the reliability of the Company’s forecasts, which allows it to base key assumptions on historical information. During 2022, the deviations observed with respect to the projections used to perform impairment testing as of December 31, 2021, were not significant and cash flows generated in 2022 remained in a reasonable variance range compared to those expected for that period.
If the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than the net carrying amount of the asset, the related impairment loss is recognized for the difference, and charged to “Impairment loss (impairment reversals) recognized in profit or loss” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The impairment is first allocated to the CGU’s goodwill carrying amount, if any, and then to the other assets comprising it, prorated on the basis of the carrying amount of each one, limited to the fair value less costs of disposal, or value in use, where no negative amount could be obtained.
Impairment losses recognized in prior periods for an asset other than goodwill are reversed, if and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. If this is the case, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount with a credit to profit or loss, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset. For goodwill, impairment losses are not reversed in subsequent periods.
F-32
In order to determine whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease, Enel Chile assesses the economic substance of the agreement, assessing whether the agreement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control is considered to exist if the customer has (i) the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits arising from the use of an identified asset; and (ii) the right to direct the use of the asset.
When the Group acts as a lessee at the commencement of the lease (i.e., on the date on which the underlying asset is available for use) it records a right-of-use asset and a lease liability in the statement of financial position.
The Group initially recognizes right-of-use assets at cost. The cost of right-of-.use assets consist of: i) the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability; (ii) lease payments made until the commencement date less lease incentives received, (iii) initial direct costs incurred; and (iv) the estimate of decommissioning or restoration costs.
Subsequently, the right-of-use asset is measured at cost, adjusted by any remeasurement of the lease liability, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. A right-of-use asset is depreciated on the same terms as other similar depreciable assets, as long as there is reasonable certainty that the lessee will acquire ownership of the asset at the end of the lease. If no such certainty exists, the leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets and their lease term. The same criteria detailed in Note 3.e are applied to determine whether the right-of-use asset has become impaired.
Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, if the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined. The incremental borrowing rate is the interest rate that the company would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate using observable data (such as market interest rates) or by making specific estimates when observable rates are not available (e.g., for subsidiaries that do not engage in financing transactions) or when they must be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease (e.g., when the leases are not in the subsidiary’s functional currency).
Lease payments included in the measurement of liabilities comprise: (i) fixed payments, less any lease incentive receivable; (ii) variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate; (iii) residual value guarantees if it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise that option; (iv) the exercise price of a purchase option, if the Group is it is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and (v) penalties for terminating the lease, if any.
After the commencement date, the lease liability increases to reflect the accrual of interest and is reduced by the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of the liability is remeasured if there is a change in the terms of the lease (changes in the lease term, in the amount of expected payments related to a residual value guarantee, in the evaluation of a purchase option or in an index or rate used to determine lease payments). Interest expense is recognized as finance cost and distributed over the years making up the lease period, so that a constant interest rate is obtained in each year on the outstanding balance of the lease liability.
Short-term leases of one year or less or leases of low value assets are exempt from the application of the recognition criteria described above, with the payments associated with the lease recorded as an expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are presented separately from other assets and liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated statement of financial position.
When the Group acts as a lessor, it classifies at the commencement of the agreement whether the lease is an operating or finance lease, based on the substance of the transaction. Leases in which all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset are substantially transferred are classified as finance leases. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
For finance leases, at the commencement date, the Company recognizes in its statement of financial position the assets held under finance leases and presents them as an account receivable, for an amount equal to the net investment in the lease, calculated as the sum of the present value of the lease payments and the present value of any accrued residual value, discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease. Subsequently, finance income is recognized over the term of the lease, based on a model that reflects a constant rate of return on the net financial investment made in the lease.
For operating leases, lease payments are recognized as income on a straight-line basis, over the term of the lease unless another type of systematic basis of distribution is deemed more representative. The initial direct costs incurred in obtaining an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the underlying asset and are recognized as expense throughout the lease period, applying the same basis as for rental income.
Financial instruments are contracts that give rise to both a financial asset in one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument in another entity.
The Group classifies its non-derivative financial assets, whether permanent or temporary, excluding investments accounted for using the equity method (see Notes 3.i and 13) and non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale or distribution to owners (see Note 3.k), into three categories:
This category includes the financial assets that meet the following conditions (i) the business model that supports the financial assets seeks to maintain such financial assets to obtain contractual cash flows, and (ii) the contractual terms of such financial assets give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI criterion).
Financial assets that meet the conditions established in IFRS 9, to be valued at amortized cost in the Group are: cash equivalents, accounts receivable and, loans. Such assets are recorded at amortized cost, which is the initial fair value, less repayments of principal, plus uncollected accrued interest, calculated using the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method for calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or a financial liability (or a group of financial assets or financial liabilities) and allocating the finance income or financial costs throughout the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the discount rate that exactly matches the estimated cash flows to be received or paid over the expected useful life of the financial instrument (or when appropriate in a shorter period of time), with the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability.
This category includes the financial assets that meet the following conditions: (i) they are classified in a business model, the purpose of which is to maintain the financial assets both to collect the contractual cash flows and to sell them, and (ii) the contractual conditions meet the SPPI criterion.
These financial assets are recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value when this can be determined reliably. For the holdings in unlisted companies or companies with low liquidity, it is usually not possible to determine the fair value reliably, therefore, when this occurs, such holdings are valued at their acquisition cost or for a lower amount if there is evidence of their impairment.
Changes in fair value, net of their tax effect, are recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income: Other comprehensive income, until the disposal of these financial assets, where the accumulated amount in this section is fully allocated to profit or loss for the period except for investments in equity instruments where the accumulated balance in other comprehensive income is never reclassified to profit or loss.
In the event that the fair value is lower than the acquisition cost, if there is objective evidence that the asset has suffered an impairment that cannot be considered as temporary, the difference is recorded directly in the loss for the period.
This category includes the trading portfolio of the financial assets that have been allocated as such upon their initial recognition and which are managed and assessed according to the fair value criterion, and the financial assets that do not meet the conditions to be classified in the two categories indicated above.
These are valued in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value, and variations in their value are recorded directly in income when they occur.
This item within the consolidated statement of financial position includes cash and bank balances, time deposits, and other highly liquid investments (with original maturity of less than or equal to 90 days) that are readily convertible into cash and are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
Following the requirements of IFRS 9, the Group applies an impairment model based on the determination of expected credit losses, based on the Group’s past history, existing market conditions, as well as forward-looking estimates at the end of each reporting period. This model is applied to financial assets measured at amortized cost or measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, except for investments in equity instruments.
Expected credit loss is the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that are expected to be received (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. It is determined considering: i) the Probability of Default (PD); ii) Loss Given Default (LGD), and iii) Exposure at Default (EAD).
To determine the expected credit losses the Group applies two separate approaches:
In general, the measurement of expected credit losses for financial assets other than trade accounts receivable, contractual assets or lease receivables, are performed separately.
For trade accounts receivable, contractual assets and lease receivables, the Group applies two types of evaluations of expected credit losses:
To measure the expected credit losses collectively, the Group considers the following assumptions:
On the basis of the benchmark market and the regulatory context of the sector as well as the recovery expectations after 90 days for those accounts receivable, the Group mainly applies a predetermined definition of 180 days overdue to determine expected credit losses, since this is considered an effective indicator of a significant increase in credit risk and, accordingly, in the impairment of receivables.
Based on specific evaluations performed by Management, the prospective adjustment can be applied considering qualitative and quantitative information to reflect possible future events and macroeconomic scenarios, which may affect the risk of the portfolio or the financial instrument.
General financial liabilities are initially recognized, at fair value net of any costs incurred in the transaction. In subsequent periods, these obligations are measured at their amortized cost using the effective interest method (see Note 3.g.1).
Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of future lease payments, determined in accordance with the criteria described in Note 3.f.
In the particular case that a liability is the hedged item in a fair value hedge, as an exception, such liability is measured at its fair value for the portion of the hedged risk.
In order to calculate the fair value of debt, both when it is recorded in the statement of financial position and for fair value disclosure purposes as shown in Note 23, debt has been divided into fixed interest rate debt (hereinafter “fixed-rate debt”) and floating interest rate debt (hereinafter “floating-rate debt”). Fixed-rate debt is that on which fixed-interest coupons established at the beginning of the transaction are paid explicitly or implicitly over its term. Floating-rate debt is that debt issued at floating interest rate, i.e., each coupon is established at the beginning of each period based on the benchmark interest rate. All debt has been measured by discounting expected future cash flows with a market interest rate curve based on the payment currency.
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Derivatives held by the Group are transactions entered into to hedge interest and/or exchange rate risk, intended to eliminate or significantly reduce these risks in the underlying transactions being hedged.
Derivatives are recorded at fair value at the end of each reporting period as follows: if their fair value is positive, they are recorded within “Other financial assets” and if their fair value is negative, they are recorded within “Other financial liabilities”. For derivatives on commodities, positive fair value is recorded in “Trade and other receivables”, and negative fair value, if any, is recognized in “Trade and other liabilities”.
Changes in fair value are recorded directly in profit or loss, except when the derivative has been designated for hedge accounting purposes as a hedging instrument and all of the conditions for applying hedge accounting established by IFRS are met, including that the hedge is highly effective. In this case, changes are recognized as follows:
Hedge accounting is discontinued only when the hedging relationship (or a part of the relationship) fails to meet the required criteria, after making any rebalancing of the hedging relationship, if applicable. If it is not possible to continue the hedging relationship, including when the hedging instrument expires, is sold, settled or exercised, any gain or loss accumulated in equity at that date remains in the equity until the forecast transaction affects the statement of comprehensive income. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is immediately transferred to the statement of income.
As a general rule, long-term commodity purchases or sales agreements are recognized in the statement of financial position at their fair value at the end of each reporting period, recognizing any differences in value directly in profit or loss, except for, when all of the following conditions are met:
The long-term commodity purchase or sale agreements maintained by the Group, which are mainly for electricity, fuel, and other supplies, meet the conditions described above. Accordingly, the purpose of fuel purchase agreements is to use them to generate electricity, electricity purchase contracts for use in sales to end-customers, and electricity sale contracts for sale of the Group’s own products.
The Group also evaluates the existence of derivatives embedded in contracts or financial instruments to determine if their characteristics and risk are closely related to the host contract, provided that when taken as a whole they are not being accounted for at fair value. If they are not closely related, they are recorded separately and changes in value are accounted for directly in the statement of comprehensive income.
Financial assets are derecognized when:
For transactions in which the Group retains substantially all the inherent risks and rewards of their ownership of the financial asset assigned, it recognizes them as a financial liability for the consideration received. Transactions costs are recognized in profit and loss by using the effective interest method (see Note 3.g.1).
Financial liabilities are derecognized when they are extinguished; i.e., when the obligation arising from the liability has been paid or cancelled or has expired. An exchange for a debt instrument with substantially different conditions, or a substantial modification in the current conditions of an existing financial liability (or a part thereof), is recorded as a cancellation of the original financial liability, and a new financial liability is recognized.
The Group offsets financial assets and liabilities and the net amount is presented in the statement of financial position only when:
Such rights may only be legally enforceable in the normal course of business, or in the event of default, or in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy, of one or all the counterparties.
The financial guarantee contracts, defined as the guarantees issued by the Group to third parties, are initially measured at their fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee.
Subsequent to initial recognition, financial guarantee contracts are recognized at the higher of:
The fair value of an asset or liability is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market, namely, the market with the greatest volume and level of activity for that asset or liability. In the absence of a principal market, it is assumed that the transaction is carried out in the most advantageous market available to the entity, namely, the market that maximizes the amount that would be received to sell the asset or minimizes the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability.
In estimating fair value, the Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate for the circumstances and for which there is sufficient data to perform the measurement where it maximizes the use of relevant observable data and minimizes the use of unobservable data.
Given the hierarchy explained below, data used in the valuation techniques, assets and liabilities measured at fair value can be classified at the following levels:
The Group takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability when measuring fair value, in particular:
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value are shown in Note 23.3.
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The Group’s interests in joint ventures and associates are recognized using the equity method of accounting (see Notes 2.5 and 2.6 respectively).
Under the equity method of accounting, an investment in an associate or joint venture is initially recognized at cost. As of the acquisition date, the investment is recognized in the statement of financial position based on the share of equity that the Group’s interest represents in capital, adjusted for, if appropriate, the effect of transactions with the Group plus any goodwill generated in acquiring the company. If the resulting amount is negative, zero is recorded for that investment in the statement of financial position, unless the Group has a present obligation (either legal or constructive) to reinstate the Company’s equity position, in which case a provision is recognized.
The financial statements of associates or joint ventures are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group. When necessary, adjustments are made to align the accounting policies with those of the Group.
Goodwill from the associate or joint venture is included in the carrying amount of the investment. It is not amortized but is subject to impairment testing as part of the overall investment carrying amount when there are indicators of impairment.
Dividends received from these investments are deducted from the carrying amount of the investment, and any profit or loss obtained from them to which the Group is entitled based on its ownership interest is recognized under “Share of profit (loss) of associates accounted for using the equity method of accounting”.
Inventories are measured at their weighted average acquisition cost or the net realizable value, whichever is lower. The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the applicable costs to sell.
The cost of inventories includes all costs of purchase and all necessary costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition net of trade discounts and other rebates.
Non-current assets, including property, plant and equipment; intangible assets; investments accounted for using the equity method of accounting and joint ventures and disposal groups (a group of assets for disposal or distribution together with liabilities directly associated with those assets), are classified as:
For the above classifications, the assets must be available for immediate sale or distribution in their present condition and their sale or distribution must be highly probable. For a transaction to be considered highly probable, management must be committed to the sale or distribution and actions to complete the transaction must have been initiated and should be expected to be completed within one year from the date of classification.
Actions required to complete the sale or distribution plan should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan can be made or that the plan will be cancelled. The probability of shareholders’ approval (if required in the jurisdiction) should be considered as part of the assessment of whether the sale or distribution is highly probable.
The assets or disposal groups classified as held-for-sale or held for distribution to owners are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell or costs to distribute, as appropriate.
Depreciation and amortization on these assets cease when they meet the criteria to be classified as non-current assets held for sale or held for distribution to owners.
Assets that are no longer classified as held for sale or held for distribution to owners, or are no longer part of a disposal group, are measured at the lower of their carrying amounts before being classified as held for sale or held for distribution, less any depreciation, amortization or revaluation that would have been recognized had they had not been classified as held for sale or held for distribution to owners and their recoverable amount at the date of reclassification as non-current assets.
Non-current assets held for sale and the components of the disposal groups classified as held for sale or held for distribution to owners are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position as a single line item within assets referred to as “Non-current assets or disposal groups held for sale or for distribution to owners”, and the related liabilities are presented as a single line item within liabilities referred to as “Liabilities included in disposal groups held for sale or for distribution to owners”.
The Group classifies as discontinued operations those components of the Group that either have been disposed of, or are classified as held for sale and:
The after-tax results of discontinued operations are presented in a single line of the statement of comprehensive income referred to as “Profit (loss) from discontinued operations”, as well as the gain or loss recognized from the measurement at fair value less costs to sell or from the disposal of the assets or groups for disposal comprising the discontinued operation.
Treasury shares are presented deducting the caption “Total equity” in the consolidated statement of financial position and measured at acquisition cost.
Gains and losses from the disposal of treasury shares are recognized directly in “Total Equity – Retained earnings (losses)”, without affecting profit or loss for the period.
Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material). The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost. Incremental legal costs expected to be incurred in resolving a legal claim are included in measuring of the provision.
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
A contingent liability does not result in the recognition of a provision. Legal costs expected to be incurred in defending a legal claim are expensed as incurred. Significant contingent liabilities are disclosed unless the likelihood of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote.
Certain of the Group’s companies have entered into pension and other similar commitments with their employees. Those defined benefit and defined contribution commitments are basically through pension plans, except for those related to certain benefits in lieu of payment, basically commitments to supply electric energy, which, due to their nature have not been outsourced and their coverage is provided through the related internal provision.
For defined benefit plans, the companies record the related expense for these commitments following the accrual criteria over the service life of the employees through timely actuarial studies performed as of the reporting date calculated applying the projected credit unit method. The cost of past services which correspond to variances in benefits is recognized immediately.
The defined benefit plan obligations in the statement of financial position represent the present value of the accrued obligations, upon deduction of the fair value of the different plans’ assets, if any.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from measurements of both the plan liabilities and the plan asset, are recorded directly as a component of “Other comprehensive income”.
Transactions performed by each entity in a currency other than its functional currency are recognized using the exchange rates prevailing as of the date of the transactions. During the period, differences arising between the prevailing exchange rate at the date of the transaction and the exchange rate as of the date of collection or payment are recognized as “Foreign currency translation differences” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Likewise, at the end of each reporting period, balances receivable or payable denominated in a currency other than each entity’s functional currency are remeasured using the closing date exchange rate. Any differences are recorded as “Foreign currency translation differences” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
The Group has established a policy to hedge the portion of revenue from its consolidated entities that is directly linked to variations in the U.S. dollar, through obtaining financing in such currency. Exchange differences related to this debt, which is regarded as the hedging instrument in cash flow hedge transactions, are recognized, net of taxes, in other comprehensive income and are accumulated in an equity reserve and recorded in profit or loss in the term in which the cash flows hedged will be realized. This term has been estimated as ten years.
In these consolidated statements of financial position, assets and liabilities expected to be recovered or settled within twelve months are presented as current assets or liabilities, except for post-employment and other similar obligations. Those assets and liabilities expected to be recovered or settled in more than twelve months are presented as non-current items. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.
When the Group has any obligations that mature in less than twelve months but can be refinanced over the long term at the Group’s discretion, through unconditionally available loan agreements with long-term maturities, such obligations are classified as non-current liabilities.
Income tax expense for the period is determined as the sum of current taxes from each of the Group’s subsidiaries and results from applying the tax rate to the taxable income for the period, after deductions allowed have been made, plus any changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities and tax credits, both for tax losses and deductions. Differences between the carrying amount and tax basis of assets and liabilities generate deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are calculated using the tax rates expected to be applied when the assets and liabilities are realized or settled, based on tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that sufficient future taxable profits exist to recover the deductible temporary differences and use the tax credits. Such deferred tax asset is not recognized if the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability that:
With respect to deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all temporary differences, except for those derived from the initial recognition of goodwill and those that arose from investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in which the Group can control their reversal and where it is probable that they will not be reversed in the foreseeable future.
Current tax and changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities are recorded in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or total equity in the statement of financial position, depending on where the gains or losses that triggered these tax entries have been recognized.
Any tax deductions that can be applied to current tax liabilities are credited to earnings within the line item “Income tax expenses”, except when uncertainty exists about their tax realization, in which case they are not recognized until they are effectively realized, or when they relate to specific tax incentives, in which case they are recorded as grants.
At the end of each reporting period, the Group reviews the deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized, and makes, any necessary corrections based on the results of this analysis.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset in the consolidated statement of financial position if the Group has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and only when the deferred taxes relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority.
Revenue is recognized when (or as) the control over a good or service is transferred to the customer. Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which the Group is expected to be entitled for said transfer of control, excluding the amounts collected on behalf of third parties.
The Group analyzes and takes into consideration all the relevant facts and circumstances for revenue recognition, applying the five-step model established by IFRS 15: 1) Identifying the contract with a customer; 2) Identifying the performance obligations; 3) Determining the transaction price; 4) Allocating the transaction price; and 5) Recognizing revenue.
The following are the criteria for revenue recognition by type of good or service provided by the Group:
These revenues include an estimate of the service provided and not invoiced, through the reporting date of the financial statements (see Notes 2.3 and 28 and Appendix 2.2).
In contracts in which multiple committed goods and services are identified, the recognition criteria will be applied to each of the identifiable performance obligations of the transaction, based on the control transfer pattern of each good or service that is separate and an independent selling price allocated to each of them, or jointly to two or more transactions, when these are linked to contracts with customers that are negotiated with a single business purpose and the goods and services committed represent a single performance obligation and their selling prices are not independent.
The Group determines the existence of significant financing components in its contracts, adjusting the value of the consideration if applicable, to reflect the effects of the time value of money. However, the Group applies the practical expedient provided by IFRS 15, and will not adjust the value of the consideration committed for the purpose of a significant financing component, if it expects, at the beginning of the contract, that the period between the payment and the transfer of goods or service to the customer is one year or less.
The Group excludes the gross revenue of economic benefits received when acting as an agent or broker on behalf of third parties from the revenue amount. The Group only records as revenue the payment or commission to which it expects to be entitled.
Because the Group mainly recognizes revenue for the amount to which it has the right to invoice, it has decided to apply the disclosure practical expedient provided in IFRS 15, through which it is not required to disclose the aggregate
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amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations not met (or not met partially) at the end of the reporting period.
In addition, the Group evaluates the existence of incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs directly related to the fulfillment of a contract. These costs are recognized as an asset, if their recovery is expected, and amortized in a manner consistent with the transfer of the related goods or services. As a practical expedient, the incremental costs of obtaining a contract are recognized as an expense, if the depreciation period of the asset that has been recognized is one year or less. Costs that do not qualify for capitalization are recognized as expenses at the time they are incurred, unless they are explicitly attributable to the customer.
As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the Group has not incurred costs to obtain or perform a contract which meet the conditions for their capitalization. The costs incurred to obtain a contract are substantially commission payments for sales that, although are incremental costs, relate to short-term contracts or performance obligations that are met at a certain time, therefore, the Group has decided to recognize these costs as an expense when they occur.
Interest income (expense) are recorded considering the effective interest rate applicable to the principal pending amortization during the related accrual period.
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income attributable to shareholders of the Parent Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares of outstanding during the period, excluding the average number of shares of the Company held by other subsidiaries within the Group, if any.
Basic earnings per share for continuing and discontinued operations are calculated by dividing net income from continuing and discontinued operations attributable to shareholders of the Company (the numerator) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding (the denominator) during the year, excluding the average number of shares of the Company held by other subsidiaries within the Group.
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing profit attributable to shareholders of the Parent Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares of that would be issued on conversion of all the potential dilutive securities into ordinary shares, if any.
Article No. 79 of Law No. 18,046 (Chilean Corporations Law) establishes that, unless unanimously agreed otherwise by the shareholders of all issued shares, listed corporations must distribute a cash dividend to shareholders on an annual basis, pro rata among the shares owned or the proportion established in the Company’s by-laws if there are preferred shares, of at least 30% of profit for each year, except when accumulated losses from prior years must be absorbed.
As it is practically impossible to achieve a unanimous agreement given Enel Chile highly fragmented share ownership, at the end of each reporting period the amount of the minimum statutory dividend obligation to its shareholders is determined, net of interim dividends approved during the period, and then accounted for in “Trade and other payables, current” and “Current accounts payable to related parties”, as appropriate, and recognized in equity.
The interim and final dividends are deducted from equity when approved by the relevant authority, which in the first case is normally the Board of Directors and in the second case is the responsibility of the shareholders as agreed at a General Shareholders’ Meeting.
Share issuance costs, only when they represent incremental expenses directly attributable to the transaction, are recognized directly in equity as a deduction from “Share premiums,” net of any applicable taxes.
If the share premium account has a zero balance or if the costs described exceed the balance, they are recognized in “Other reserves”. Subsequently, these costs must be deducted from paid-in capital, and this deduction must be approved at the closest Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, which occurs immediately after the date on which the disbursements were incurred.
Share issuance and placement expenses directly related to a probable future transaction are recorded as prepaid expenses in the statement of financial position. These expenses are recorded in equity upon issuance and placement of the shares, or in profit or loss when the conditions change and the transaction is no longer expected to occur.
The statement of cash flows reflects changes in cash and cash equivalents that took place during the period, determined with the direct method. It uses the following definitions and related meanings:
The Chilean electricity sector is regulated by the General Law of Electricity Services (Ley General de Servicios Eléctricos), contained in Decree Law (DFL) No. 1 of 1982, of the Ministry of Mining, whose restated and coordinated text was established by DFL No. 4 of 2006 of the Ministry of Economy (“Electricity Law”) its subsequent amendments and its corresponding Regulations, contained in Supreme Decree D.S. No. 327 of 1998.
The main authority on Chilean energy matters is the Ministry of Energy, which is responsible for proposing and conducting public policies on energy, strengthening coordination, and facilitating a comprehensive vision of the sector.
Within the Ministry of Energy, the Chilean National Energy Commission (or “CNE” in its Spanish acronym), is the regulatory body for the Chilean electricity sector and the Superintendency of Electricity and Fuel (“SEF”), is the oversight entity. The Ministry of Energy also includes the Chilean Commission of Nuclear Energy (CChEN) and the Energy Sustainability Agency.
The CNE is the entity in charge of approving the annual transmission expansion plans, responsible for the indicative plan for the construction of new electricity generation facilities, and proposing regulated tariffs to the Ministry of Energy for approval. Meanwhile, the SEF inspects and oversees compliance with the law, rules, regulations, and technical norms applicable to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, as well as liquid fuels and gas.
Additionally, the legislation considers an Expert Panel, composed of expert professionals whose key job is to decide on any discrepancies produced in terms of the matters established in the Electricity Law and in the application of other laws on energy, through binding rulings.
The Electricity Law establishes a National Electric Coordinator, an independent body governed by public law, in charge of the operation and coordination of the Chilean electricity system whose main objectives are to: i) Preserve the security of the service, ii) Guarantee an economic operation of the interconnected installations of the system and iii) Guarantee open access to all transmission systems. Its main activities include coordinating the Electricity Market, authorizing connections, managing complementary services, implementing public information systems, monitoring competition and the payment chain, among others.
From a physical perspective, the Chilean electricity sector is divided into three main networks: the National Electricity System (“SEN” in its Spanish acronym), which extends from Arica in northern Chile to Chiloé in southern Chile, and two smaller isolated networks: Aysén and Magallanes.
The Chilean electricity industry can be divided into three business segments: generation, transmission and distribution. The electricity facilities associated with these three segments have the obligation to operate in an interconnected and coordinated manner, with the primary objective of providing electricity to the market at minimal cost and within the service quality and safety standards required by the electricity regulations.
Due to their essential nature, the transmission and distribution activities constitute natural monopolies, therefore their segments are regulated as such by the electricity regulations, requiring free access to the grids and definition of regulated rates.
In the electricity market, two products (Energy and Capacity) are traded, and different services are provided. In particular, the National Electric Coordinator is responsible for making balances, determining the corresponding transfers between generators, and calculating the marginal time-specific cost, the price at which energy transfers are valued. The CNE determines the prices of Capacity.
Consumers are classified according to their demand as regulated or unregulated customers. Regulated customers are those with a connected capacity of up to 5,000 kW. Customers with a connected capacity between 500 kW and 5,000 kW may choose between the free or regulated rate system.
Limits to Integration and Concentration
In Chile, there is legislation to defend free competition, which along with the specific regulations applicable to electricity, define the criteria to avoid certain levels of economic concentration and/or abusive market practices.
In principle, companies are allowed to participate in different activities (generation, transmission, distribution, commercialization) as long as there is adequate separation of these, both in accounting and corporate terms. Nevertheless, the transmission sector is where most restrictions are imposed, mainly due to its nature and the need to guarantee proper access to all agents. The Electricity Law establishes limits to the participation of generation or distribution companies in the Domestic Transmission segment and prohibits Domestic Transmission companies to participate in the generation and distribution segment.
Moreover, as of January 1, 2021, Exempt Resolution No. 173 of the CNE determined the scope of the exclusive line of business and separate regulatory accounting obligations, for the provision of public electric distribution services in accordance with Law No. 21,194.
a.1 Generation Segment
Electricity generation companies must operate under the operation plan designed by the National Electric Coordinator. However, each company can freely decide whether to sell its energy and capacity to regulated or unregulated customers. Any surplus or deficit between sales to customers and production is sold to other generators at the spot market price. A generation company may have the following types of customers:
In Chile, the capacity to be paid to each generator depends on a calculation performed centrally by the National Electric Coordinator each year, based on current regulations, in order to obtain the sufficiency capacity for each plant. This value depends primarily on the availability of the facilities themselves and the technology-specific generation resource.
Law No. 20,257, dated April 2008, encourages the use of Non-Conventional, Renewable Energies (NCRE). The current version of this law states that by 2025, 20% of the electricity matrix will be covered by NCREs, adhering to the withdrawal schedule established in the previous law for contracts in force as of July 2013.
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a.2 Transmission Segment
Transmission segment is divided into five segments: Domestic Transmission, Transmission for Development Poles, Zonal Transmission, Dedicated Transmission and International Interconnection Systems. The transmission facilities are subject to an open access regime, and may be used by any interested user under non-discriminatory conditions. The remuneration of the existing facilities of the National, Zonal, Development Poles Transmission segments and the dedicated transmission facilities used by users subject to price regulation is determined through a tariff-setting process conducted every four years. This process determines the Annual Value of Transmission, composed of efficient operating and maintenance costs and the annual value of investment, determined according to a discount rate (7% minimum and 10% maximum, after taxes) set by the authority and the economic useful lives of the facilities.
The planning of the National, Zonal and Development Pole Transmission systems relates to a regulated and centralized process, for which both the National Electrical Coordinator and the interested parties annually propose expansion works. The CNE is in charge of annually preparing an expansion plan through Technical Reports, which can be observed and disagreed with before the Expert Panel.
a.3 Distribution Segment
The distribution system corresponds to electric facilities aimed at supplying electricity to final customers, at a maximum voltage of 23 kV.
Distribution companies operate under a public service concessions system and are required to provide service to all customers and supply electricity to all customers subject to regulated rates (customers with connected capacity less than 5,000 kW, with the exception of customers between 500 and 5,000 kW who may opt for the free rate). Note that free-rate customers may negotiate their supply with any supplier, and must pay a regulated toll for using the distribution network.
Regarding the supply for users subject to price regulation, the law establishes that distribution companies must provide an ongoing energy supply, based on open, non-discriminatory and transparent public bids. These bid processes are designed by the CNE and performed at least 5 years ahead of time, with a supply contract agreement of up to 20 years. In the case of unforeseen variations in demand, the authority has the power to carry out a short-term bid. There is also a regulated procedure to remunerate potential supply not under contract.
The fee-setting in this segment is performed every four years based on a cost study to determine the Added Value of Distribution (AVD). The AVD is determined according to an efficient model company scheme and the concept of typical area.
To determine the AVD, the CNE classifies companies with similar distribution costs into groups known as “typical areas.” For each typical area, the CNE engages independent consultants to carry out a study to determine the costs associated with an “efficient model company”, considering fixed costs, average energy and capacity losses, standard investment, maintenance, and operating costs related to distribution, including some restrictions faced by real distribution companies. The annual costs of investment are calculated considering the New Replacement Value (NRV) of the facilities adapted to demand, their useful life, and a rate of renewal, calculated every four years by the CNE, will be a yearly after-tax rate of between 6% and 8%.
Subsequently, the after-tax rate of return for each distribution company must be between three percentage points below and two percentage points above the rate calculated by the CNE.
Additionally, and along with the calculation of the AVD, every four years the CNE reviews the related services not consisting of energy supply which the Free Competition Defense Court qualifies as subject to rate regulation.
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2019 – 2022 Laws
On November 2, 2019, the Ministry of Energy published Law No. 21,185, which established a transitional mechanism for stabilizing customers’ electricity prices under the regulated price system. Through this Law, between July 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020, the prices to be transferred to regulated customers are the price levels defined for the first half of 2019 (Decree 20T/2018) to be referred to as “Stabilized Price to Regulated Customers” (“PEC” in its Spanish acronym). Between January 1, 2021 and until the end of the stabilization mechanism, prices shall be those defined in the semiannual price-setting processes referred to in article 158 of the Electricity Law, but may not be higher than the adjusted PEC according to the Consumer Price Index beginning on January 1, 2021, based on the same date (adjusted PEC). The billing differences due to the application of this mechanism lead to an account receivable in favor of the generators with a limit of US$1,350 million. The balance must be recovered by December 31, 2027. The technical provisions of this mechanism are established in the National Energy Commission’s Exempt Resolution No. 72/2020 and its amendments. It should be noted that the fund limit was reached in January 2022.
On August 2, 2022, the Ministry of Energy published Law No. 21,472. This law establishes a Temporary Customer Protection Mechanism (MPC) that will stabilize energy prices in the National Electric System and medium-sized systems in addition to those established by Law No. 21,185, for regulated customers under the General Law of Electric Services. The purpose of the MPC is to pay for the differences that may arise between the billing of the distribution companies to end customers and the amount payable to generation companies. The resources available for the MPC may not exceed US$1,800 million. This mechanism will be extended until the amount contemplated by the law is used in full. From 2023 onwards, the National Energy Commission must project the payment of the Remaining Balance every six months up to December 31, 2032 (but not later). On March 14, 2023, Exempt Resolution No. 86 was published, establishing provisions, procedures, deadlines, and conditions for the proper application of Law.
On December 21, 2019, the Chilean Ministry of Energy issued Law No. 21,194, (the “Distribution Short Law”) that reduces distribution companies’ rate of return and improves the electricity tariff setting process. The Distribution Short Law eliminates prior methodology that involved weighing the results of the VAD study performed by the CNE (two-thirds) and VAD study performed by distribution companies, (one-third), and replaces it by using only the CNE’s VAD study. The discount rate in the calculation of the annual investment cost was also modified. The previous 10% real annual pre-tax discount rate was replaced by a 6-8% real annual after-tax discount rate to be calculated every four years. The after-tax economic rate of return of distribution companies may not be more than 2 percentage points higher or 3 percentage points lower than the rate determined by the CNE. Additionally, distribution companies must have an exclusive line of business as of January 2021.
On November 21, 2022, Law No. 21,505 was published, which encourages the storage of electric power through remuneration for energy, power sufficiency and complementary services to energy storage systems; as well as electromobility, through a temporary price reduction of the registration certificate for electric vehicles. This law allows for new electromobility business models and the option to charge electric vehicles batteries through the provision of services to the grid. In addition, it includes projects related to generation and consumption infrastructure for renewable energy projects, plus storage in order to remove energy from and inject surpluses into the electric system.
On June 9, 2020, Exempt Resolution No. 176 was published in the Official Gazette. This resolution determines the scope of the Exclusive Line of Business and Separate Accounting obligations, for the provision of public electricity distribution service in accordance with Law No.21,194.
According to this Resolution and its amendments, the distribution companies acting as public service concessions companies and operating in the National Electricity System must be constituted exclusively as distribution companies and may only perform economic activities aimed at providing public distribution services, in accordance with the requirements established by law and current regulations. The requirements contained in such resolution have been applicable since January 1, 2021. Notwithstanding the above, those operations that by nature could not be performed prior to such date had to be reported and explained to the CNE, along with a planning schedule and compliance periods for the respective requirements, which under no circumstances could extend beyond January 1, 2022.
On February 13, 2021, the Energy Efficiency Law was passed for the purpose of preparing the First National Energy Efficiency Plan, which shall be renewed every five years, with the goal of reducing the energy efficiency by at least 10% between 2019 and 2030. Additionally, this plan must consider a goal for consumers with energy management capacity to reduce their energy intensity by an average of at least 4% during the effective term.
The Energy Efficiency Law includes other matters such as the construction of housing, buildings of public use, corporate buildings, and office buildings that must have an energy classification in order for final reception by the respective Department of Municipal Works.
It also establishes that the Ministry of Energy will regulate the interoperability of the electric vehicle charging system. On February 25, 2022, Supreme Decree No. 12 ratified the regulations establishing the interoperability of electric vehicle charging systems, which was sent to the Comptroller General's Office of the Republic on May 13, 2022. This decree has not yet been reviewed by the Comptroller General's Office of the Republic. It will go into effect once it has been published in the Official Gazette.
This plan was created based on Article 1 of the Energy Efficiency Law, which indicates that, every five years, the Ministry of Energy must prepare a National Energy Efficiency Plan that includes the following matters, at a minimum: residential energy efficiency; minimum standards and device labels; energy efficiency in construction and transport; energy efficiency and smart cities; energy efficiency in production sectors; and education and training on energy efficiency. Moreover, short-, medium-, and long-term goals must be established, as well as the necessary plans, programs, and actions to achieve these goals.
On March 4, 2022, the National Energy Efficiency Plan was ratified, but was later withdrawn by the Ministry of Energy.
On September 13, 2022, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 28 corresponding to the Regulations on Energy Management of consumers with energy management capacity and of public entities, as referred to by articles 2 and 5 of Law No. 21,305.
On August 8, 2020, Law No. 21,249 the Law on Utility Services (Ley de Servicios Básicos), was passed, this law considers extraordinary measures to support the most vulnerable customers. These measures include the suspension of the electricity supply disconnection due to default and the possibility of signing agreements to pay off electricity debt in installments, in both cases, for a group of vulnerable customers.
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On December 29, 2020, Law No. 21,301 was ratified and extended the terms defined in Law No. 21,249, establishing a benefit duration of 270 days following ratification of this new Law, as opposed to the initial 90 days. Likewise, the number of installments was modified to a maximum of 36, instead of the previously defined maximum of 12 installments.
On May 13, 2021, Law No. 21,340 was passed to extend the effects of Law No. 21,249 to December 31, 2021. Additionally, the number of installments was modified to a maximum of 48, instead of the previously defined maximum of 36 installments.
On February 11, 2022, the law was published to regulate the proration and payment of water and electricity service debts incurred during the Covid-19 pandemic and establish subsidies for vulnerable customers, in order to address electricity debts generated between March 18, 2020, and December 31, 2021, on past-due bills.
The law establishes that the debts of customers with an average consumption of less than 250 kWh per month during 2021 will be automatically divided into 48 monthly installments. These installments may not exceed 15% of the average monthly bill. These customers will receive a subsidy from the Chilean government equivalent to this same value (15% of the average monthly bill). Therefore, in practice, users will only have to pay their monthly electricity consumption and stay up-to-date with payments.
In the case of customers with an average monthly consumption of over 250 kWh per month during 2021, the term was extended until June 30, 2022, for them to approach their electricity distribution companies to prorate the total debt in up to 48 installments, with no fines or interest.
On June 23, 2022, the Ministry of Energy published the procedure for the payment of subsidies established in Law No. 21,423, which regulates the proration and payment of water and electricity services generated during COVID-19 and establishes subsidies for vulnerable customers.
On September 30, 2022, the Superintendency of Electricity and Fuel issued Circular No. 140129 to modify the instructions provided by SEC Circular No. 119977, regarding the termination of the customer subsidy benefit. Among these amendments is the reincorporation of the customer subsidy benefit once the customer has paid off its debt with the respective concessionaire company.
On May 30, 2022, the Ministry of Energy published Law No. 21,455 Framework for Climate Change, which establishes the country's carbon neutrality by 2050 at the latest, and creates the Long-Term Climate Strategy, an instrument recognized in the Paris Agreement, and which will define the national greenhouse gas emissions budget by 2030 and 2050, and sectoral greenhouse gas emissions budget by 2030.
On September 9, 2020, a bill was submitted to the Chilean Chamber of Deputies that would modify the Electricity Law in order to establish the right to electricity portability and to introduce the figure of energy trader. This would uncouple all services that may be offered to the distribution company’s final customers, so that the distribution company would be dedicated exclusively to the operation of its grids. It considers a transition period to be defined in future decrees, so that regulated consumers in certain areas may gradually obtain the freedom to choose their energy trader. The main point of discussion of this bill is related to the gradual market liberalization and could affect existing regulated contracts.
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On November 23, 2021, a bill was submitted to the Chilean Chamber of Deputies to establish the participation of renewable energies in the Chilean energy matrix through fostering small-scale distributed generation, especially in net billing projects, the creation of a renewable energy traceability system and an increased share of NCREs in the National Electric System. This bill establishes an annual production goal of 60% renewable energy by 2030, for contracts signed after January 1, 2023; and 40% per hour block for contracts signed after July 1, 2023. The bill is currently under legislative discussion.
On November 23, 2021, a bill was submitted to the Chilean Chamber of Deputies to establish the production and use of green hydrogen in the country, establishing hydrogen blends in natural gas networks and allowing Empresa Nacional del Petróleo (ENAP) to participate in its development. It proposes that gas line distribution concessions companies be required to use green hydrogen in their gas lines, which would generate local demand for green hydrogen, while also using the existing gas infrastructure and industry experience. Moreover, the project will allow for the use of other gases, such as biomethane or synthetic methane, to meet this share within natural gas blends.
Regulations Published in 2019 - 2022
Regulations on Complementary Services: On March 27, 2019, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 113/2017, with the Regulations on Complementary Services as referred to in article No. 72-7 of the General Law of Electricity Services, with deferred application beginning on January 1, 2020.
Regulations on the Coordination and Operation of the SEN: On December 20, 2019, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 125/2017 corresponding to the regulation that establishes the provisions applicable to the coordination and operation of the National Electric System, as well as other matters necessary for the proper exercise of the functions of the Independent Coordinator of the National Electric System, and the rights and duties of the entities subject to such coordination.
Regulation Standard 4: On March 5, 2020, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 8/2019 with the Regulations on the Security of Electricity Consumption Facilities.
Regulations on Net billing: On September 24, 2020, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 57/2019 with the Regulations on Distributed Generation for Self-Consumption.
Modification to the Regulations on Sufficiency Capacity: On December 26, 2020, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 42 which modifies the Regulations on Sufficiency Capacity in force in Supreme Decree 62/2006. These Regulations incorporate the State of Strategic Reserve, which recognizes a proportion of the sufficiency capacity of plants that are withdrawn from the system within the framework of the decarbonization plan within 5 years from the date of announcement. In addition, a calculation methodology is established to recognize sufficiency power for hydroelectric power plants with storage capacity.
New Regulations on Sufficiency Capacity: Within the first six months of 2023, the Ministry of Energy plans to resubmit new electric power regulations to the General Comptroller of the Republic. These regulations will introduce significant modifications to the electric capacity market. They will outline an efficiency factor that affects high variable cost generation units. Hybrid and pure storage systems will have sufficient power recognition, and the methodology for sufficient power recognition is modified by eliminating technological discretion. In addition, companies will be able to choose to stay under the current methodology or to migrate to the proposed methodology immediately. Finally, the regulations will modify the capacity market demand.
Draft Regulation on Distribution Tolls: On November 5, 2021, the Ministry of Energy issued the draft regulation on distribution tolls, which establishes the procedure for setting and applying distribution tolls.
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Preventive Decree on Rationing:
Modification of the GNL Technical Standards: On October 13, 2021, the CNE issued Exempt Resolution No. 411, which approves the modification of the technical standards for operations programming in units that use regasified liquefied natural gas (GNL). Such technical standard assigns responsibility to the National Electric Coordinator to perform a Projected GNL Unit Generation Study (“GNL Study”), to determine the maximum volume of GNL to be declared “inflexible” for each regasified GNL by companies that operate these types of generation units.
Regulation for small-scale means of generation: On October 8, 2020, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 88 corresponding to the Regulation for small-scale means of generation, which was amended on March 16, 2022, by Decree No. 27.
Modification of the Regulations of the General Law of Electric Services: On June 14, 2021, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 68, which amends the Regulations of the General Electric Services Law approved by Decree No. 327/1997, regarding electric concessions.
Emissions Standard: In Chile, there is an emissions standard that governs thermal power plants (D.S. No. 13/2011 of the Ministry of the Environment) and establishes a limit on airborne particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and mercury (Hg), in order to prevent pollution and protect human health and the environment. The emissions standard is enforced throughout national territory and applicable to electrical generation units, composed of boilers or turbines, with a thermal power of 50 MWt or greater. Compliance with this standard is overseen by the Superintendency of the Environment. The owners of emissions sources must submit an ongoing emissions monitoring report to the Superintendency once a quarter, during a calendar year.
In the electricity market there is a continuous revision of tariffs and supply processes that affect those volumes that were realized in previous periods on the dates of publication of these revisions. Therefore, the following discloses those rules that are currently applicable to the Group.
c.1 Distribution Price-Setting 2016-2020
The price-setting process for the 2016-2020 period culminated on August 24, 2017 with the publication of Decree No. 11T/2016 in the Official Gazette, which establishes the distribution rate formulas effective from November 4, 2016.
On September 28, 2018, the Ministry of Energy Decree No. 5T went into effect, updating Decree No. 11T/2016 by the same Ministry and modifying the electricity rates in force for the distribution segment until the next price-setting process.
On July 26, 2019, through Ordinary Official Letter No. 15699/2019, the SEF instructed a plan of action to apply the adjustment indicated in the CNE Ordinary Official Letter No. 490/2019, with respect to the Ministry of Energy Decree No. 5T/2018. The adjustment was effective retrospectively beginning on September 28, 2018.
The final customer rates that have governed during 2021 are determined according to the following decrees and resolutions:
Decree No.
Date
Matter
Effective from
11T/2016
08-24-2017
Establishes the rate formulas applicable to electricity supply subject to regulated prices.
11-04-2016
2T/2018
10-05-2019
11-01-2016 to 11-31-2020
5T/2018
09-28-2018
Ordinary Comm. SEC N°15699/2019
07-26-2019
Instructs the action plan for the adjustment informed in CNE Ordinary Official Letter No. 490/2019, with respect to the Ministry of Energy Decree No. 5T/2018.
09-28-2018 to 11-03-2020
20T/2018
05-06-2019
Establishes prices and surcharges for application of the Residential Tariff Equity Mechanism.
01-01-2019
7T/2019
07-01-2019
Ley No.21,185
11-02-2019
Creates a transitory mechanism to stabilize electricity prices for customers subject to rate regulation. Article 5 of this Law repeals Decree 7T/2019, and extends the effective term of Decree No. 20T/2018.
Publication of the corresponding node price decree.
6T/2020
Establishes prices and adjustment factor for application of Law No. 21,185. It had no effect on the final regulated customer rate.
01-01-2020
16T/2020
03-02-2021
07-01-2020
19T/2020
05-20-2021
01-01-2021
8T/2021
07-12-2021
Establishes prices and adjustment factor for application of Law No. 21,185.
07-01-2021
9T/2022
06-17-2022
01-01-2022
475
06-28-2022
Exempt Resolution of the National Energy Commission that approves the Definitive Technical Report for setting the Average Node Prices of the National Electric System and the adjustment factor (Repealed by the following 586).
N/A
836
11-16-2022
07-01-2022
886
12-12-2022
11-01-2022
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12T/2020
12-03-2020
Establishes the regulated prices for electricity supply.
10-01-2020
3T/2021
03-22-2021
04-01-2021
9T/2021
02-26-2022
10-01-2021
3T/2022
07-07-2022
04-01-2022
11T/2022
11-09-2022
10-01-2022
5T/2021
02-22-2022
Establishes stabilized prices.
14T/2021
8T/2022
10-13-2022
495
12-29-2020
Establishes transmission charges as referred to in articles 115 and 116 of the General Law on Electric Services
192
06-17-2021
551
12-15-2021
01-10-2022
442
06-20-2022
898
12-21-2022
01-01-2023
434
11-18-2020
Establishes and communicates the Public Service Charge
12-01-2020
486
11-18-2021
12-01-2021
841
11-18-2022
12-01-2022
c.2 Distribution Price Setting 2020-2024
On December 23, 2022, the National Energy Commission approved the Technical Report on the Calculation of Components of Distribution Value Added for the four years from 2020 - November 2024, through Exempt Resolution No. 908.
This process is currently under development and therefore the rates are being applied according to the 2016-2020 rate setting.
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c.3 Price Setting for Distribution-Related Services
On July 24, 2018, the Ministry of Energy published Decree No. 13T/2018 in the Official Gazette, which establishes the prices of services other than energy supply related to electricity distribution. These prices were effective from the date of publication of such decree and are still in force to date.
According to legislation, a new price-setting process for services other than energy supply related to electricity distribution shall be performed at the same time as the Distribution Price Setting for 2020-2024, which to date has not been issued.
c.4 Supply Bids (Regulated Power Purchase Agreements, - Regulated PPAs)
Under the new bids law, five processes have been performed: Supply Bid 2015/01, Supply Bid 2015/02, Supply Bid 2017/01, Supply Bid 2021/01, and Supply Bid 2022/01. Supply Bid 2022/01 considers the supply period between 2027 and 2041 and a volume of 5,250 GWh/year. The process ended on August 8, 2022, with the awarding of only 15% of the energy requested at an average price of US$37.88 per MWh. Enel Generación was not awarded any supply blocks in the Supply Bid bidding process. The energy that was not awarded in 2022 must be included in a future bidding process conducted by the authority.
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The composition and movements in non-current assets held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
Reclassification to / from current and non-current assets
Impairment
Dispositions and changes in the scope of consolidation
Other movements
Current assets
-
119,634
(122,866)
3,232
633,263
(1,611,053)
977,790
40,681,609
(55,141,056)
14,459,447
3,022
(4,311)
1,289
15,212,532
(42,905)
(15,169,627)
Total current assets
56,650,060
(56,922,191)
272,131
Non-current assets
535,508
(476,595)
(58,913)
18,585,149
(19,296,314)
711,165
37,912,005
(37,912,005)
Property, plant, and equipment
338,640,267
(2,286,438)
(316,882,166)
9,129,970
1,130,769
(1,164,229)
33,460
Total non-current assets
396,803,698
(375,731,309)
9,815,682
453,453,758
(432,653,500)
10,087,813
Liabilities
Current liabilities
304,170
(199,032)
(105,138)
4,557,459
(5,058,696)
501,237
1,352,928
(1,222,022)
(130,906)
35,777
(35,777)
(10,494,732)
10,494,732
3,546,211
(2,617,809)
(928,402)
Total current liabilities
9,796,545
(19,592,291)
9,795,746
1,001,937
(1,146,536)
144,599
987,536
(1,487,899)
500,363
16,522,780
(4,676,249)
(11,846,531)
1,440,044
(1,208,970)
(231,074)
Total non-current liabilities
19,952,297
(8,519,654)
(11,432,643)
Total liabilities
29,748,842
(28,111,945)
(1,636,897)
Net assets and liabilities value
423,704,916
(404,541,555)
11,724,710
5.1 Sale of Corporate Building
On November 4, 2022, our subsidiary Enel Generación Chile received a purchase offer for the Santa Rosa Complex, which is located in Santiago and comprises four properties:
-76 Santa Rosa Avenue, where the Company’s Headquarters are currently located.
-65 San Isidro.
-634 Marcoleta.
-638 Marcoleta.
Considering the progress of negotiations, as of the closing date of fiscal year 2022, the Company reclassified the Santa Rosa Complex assets as held for sale; measuring the former at the lower between their carrying value and their fair value, in conformity with the provisions of IFRS 5 "Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations" and the accounting criteria described in Note 3.k.
As of December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the Santa Rosa Complex assets amounts to ThCh$28,601,633. This includes the value of certain movable assets belonging to Enel Chile, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Distribución Chile, that should also be sold to the offeror. The above implied the recognition of an impairment loss for ThCh$2,286,438 in the consolidated financial statements of Enel Chile S.A. (see Note 31.b).
For additional information see Note 41.iv.
5.2 Enel Transmisión Sale
On July 28, 2022, the “Stock Purchase Agreement” was signed by Enel Chile, who agreed to sell to Sociedad Transmisora Metropolitana SpA., all shares it owned that wereissued by Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. (the “Sale”), equivalent to 99.09% of such company. Sociedad Transmisora Metropolitana SpA. is company wholly owned by Inversiones Grupo Saesa Limitada.
The execution of the Sale and subsequent transfer of shares owned by Enel Chile that were issued by Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. has been subject to certain regular conditions precedent applicable to these types of transactions, including the approval by the National Economic Attorney General's Office in accordance with D.L. 211 of 1973. According to Law No. 18,045 on the Securities Market, the Sale was carried out by the buyer making a Takeover Bid for all of the shares of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A.
The Sale price was US$1,345 million for 99.09% of the capital of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. held by Enel Chile, which may vary upon the application of the purchase price adjustments stipulated in the Sale.
Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. operates and owns 683 kilometers of transmission lines, of which 183 kilometers correspond to the Domestic Transmission System, 499 kilometers to the Zone D Transmission System, 0.1 kilometers to the Zone C Transmission System, and 0.2 kilometers to a dedicated transmission line. It also operates 57 of its own substations and owns and operates assets installed in 3 substations owned by third parties.
Considering the sale process and the provisions of IFRS 5: “Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations”, and following the accounting criterion established in note 3.k, the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. were classified as held for sale.
On December 9, 2022, the announcement of the successful results of the Takeover Bid for all the shares of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A was published. Consequently, after the related obligations were fulfilled, the change of control of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A was confirmed, and it ceased to be a subsidiary of Enel Chile S.A. and became controlled by Sociedad Transmisora Metropolitana SpA. The gain obtained from this sale amounted to ThCh$981,856,639 (see Note 33).
F-60
As of December 31,
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash balances
25,742
37,852
Bank balances
245,199,924
282,625,181
Time deposits
454,776,178
28,923
Other fixed-income instruments
175,211,855
27,283,184
Time deposits have a maturity of three months or less from their date of acquisition and accrue the market interest for this type of short-term investment. Other fixed-income investments are mainly comprised of resale agreements maturing in 90 days or less from the date of investment. There are no restrictions for significant amounts of cash availability.
745,956,809
245,516,611
32,892
Argentine peso
242,734
195,683
Euro
176,894
196,498
128,804,370
64,066,348
For further detail of the Statement of Cash Flows see below:
Other payments from operating activities
VAT tax debit
(74,401,438)
(80,921,378)
(135,096,018)
Tax on emissions
(24,277,529)
(16,465,950)
(23,800,541)
Other
(9,376,834)
(11,018,067)
(11,394,034)
Amounts received for the sale of Enel X Way Chile S.p.A.
11,358,338
Amounts received for the sale of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A.
1,228,616,013
Amounts received for the sale of Enel X AMPCI Ebus Chile SpA
2,001,407
Amounts of cash and cash equivalents of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A., which is not a part of the Group
(7,481,882)
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Financing Cash Flows
Movements that do not represent cash flows
Liabilities arising from financing activities
Balance as of01-01-2022
Used
Affiliate sales
Movements infair value
Foreign exchangedifferences
Financial costs (1)
New leases
OtherMovements
Balance as of12-31-2022
Short-term loans
881,659,765
1,050,888,015
(1,711,034,741)
(182,171,676)
(842,318,402)
53,561,223
192,928,894
199,101,144
484,932,624
Long-term loans
3,241,250,805
(37,020,850)
226,871,250
(792,940)
58,670,485
4,081,277
(199,180,908)
3,330,899,969
Lease liabilities (Note 20)
159,662,077
(4,790,146)
(11,403,545)
(1,450,648)
20,751,687
6,810,965
61,996,854
(681,835)
235,685,555
Assets held to cover liabilities arising from financing activities
(36,094,475)
37,803,988
(23,814,586)
(34,664,273)
(21,188)
(56,790,534)
4,246,478,172
1,352,584,103
(1,754,668,990)
(589,046,709)
(24,607,526)
98,319,122
203,799,948
(761,599)
3,994,727,614
Balance as of01-01-2021
Balance as of12-31-2021
157,573,676
417,253,000
(142,046,785)
241,469,587
(1,923,185)
114,041,146
138,755,531
231,743,010
2,648,032,219
293,819,500
(6,238,340)
287,581,160
16,329,103
513,617,504
7,763,806
(232,072,987)
51,865,519
(6,060,565)
(844,515)
(6,905,080)
15,193,796
1,960,901
97,937,192
(390,251)
(16,490,690)
2,154,453
(3,632,092)
(18,126,146)
2,840,980,724
713,226,953
(46,035,533)
524,300,120
10,773,826
624,726,300
148,480,238
(720,228)
Balance as of01-01-2020
Balance as of12-31-2020
158,284,616
199,395
(137,759,315)
(288,438,167)
(1,893,193)
3,280,020
133,794,543
152,545,857
2,470,532,068
(4,791,827)
479,728,174
12,628,182
(165,703,734)
2,646,905
(151,799,376)
53,407,689
(1,492,089)
(6,432,671)
48,124
2,137,451
2,704,926
(4,862,949)
708,062
(4,578,826)
(7,756,977)
2,677,361,424
485,427,458
(160,610,656)
185,565,398
6,156,163
(170,132,567)
138,578,899
746,481
(1) It relates to accrual of interest
F-63
The detail of other financial assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
Current
Non-current
Other Financial Assets
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
127,854
2,326,509
2,358,143
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
156,773
118,547
Hedging derivatives
2,230,787
3,584,937
57,480,749
37,020,922
Non-Hedging derivatives
1,014,802
210,077
20,382
The detail of other non-financial assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
Non-Current
Other non-financial assets
VAT Tax Credit and Other Taxes
154,017,802
30,879,791
53,771,356
67,966,488
Prepaid expenses
36,659,062
34,623,121
Guarantee deposit
125,724
128,724
Water rights credits
10,113,848
9,298,704
Spare parts with a consumption schedule of more than 12 months
7,289,051
7,392,047
1,963,488
1,323,085
6,976,362
4,830,685
The detail of other non-financial liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
Other non-financial liabilities
VAT Credit and Other Taxes
25,584,528
12,741,963
Reimbursable financial contributions
Deferred revenue from splices
1,050,552
1,149,415
Deferred revenue from transfer of networks
225,319
696,675
Deferred revenue from lighting services
565,680
564,465
Deferred revenue from other services
4,863,505
1,260,078
1,032,018
641,244
Trade and Other Receivables, Gross
Trade and other receivables, gross
1,586,535,818
767,900,561
703,330,626
515,856,801
Trade receivables, gross
1,437,903,199
694,597,739
529,584,066
442,941,968
Accounts receivable from finance leases, gross
21,037,785
10,735,484
170,338,861
69,873,385
Other receivables, gross
127,594,834
62,567,338
3,407,699
3,041,448
Trade and Other Receivables, Net
Trade and other receivables, net
Trade receivables, net
1,372,573,201
628,681,800
518,816,944
442,871,507
Accounts receivable from finance leases, net
20,775,688
8,365,583
168,923,002
Other receivables, net (1)
116,164,466
51,137,744
Accounts receivable from employees
12,929,933
11,808,014
2,779,599
2,522,560
Advances to suppliers and creditors
64,664,538
33,079,980
511,771
514,119
Sale of investment in Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA (i)
29,681,532
Others
8,888,463
6,249,750
116,329
4,769
i.See Note 13.3.b.
a.1) Increase in trade and other receivables:
a.1.i) As of December 31, 2022, short-term trade receivables increased by ThCh$743,305,460 compared with December 2021. This variation is mainly due to the following factors: (i) an increase of ThCh$266,843,088 due to the effects of Law No. 21,472, (whose implementation is still pending); (ii) an increase of ThCh$129,508,002 associated with pending billing re-settlements to Electricity Distribution companies; and (iii) an increase of ThCh$200,889,730 due to higher sales and average prices expressed in Chilean Pesos in the Generation and Distribution and Networks segments.
General background:
During the month of January 2022, the limit of US$1,350 million was reached for accounts receivable from regulated customers, as established by Law No. 21,185, which created a Temporary Price Stabilization Mechanism for that segment of customers (see Note 9.a.1.ii). This implied that the mechanism was no longer applied and, as a result, short-term accounts receivable from regulated customers have accumulated since February 2022, for the difference between the theoretical prices based on the conditions established in the contracts with the respective Electricity Distribution companies and the regulated rates currently applied to the end user’s bill.
On August 2, 2022, Law No. 21,472 was published, which created a price stabilization fund and established a new temporary price stabilization mechanism for regulated customers.
Law No. 21,472 establishes a customer protection mechanism aimed at paying differences resulting between the prices of the respective regulated supply contracts and the stabilized price. These differences will be covered by a temporary fund of US$1,800 million through a new instrument known as a Payment Document, issued monthly by the General Treasury of the Republic to electricity generation companies, denominated in United States dollars, adjustable, transferable, with a maximum maturity date of December 2032 and state guarantee. It should be noted that all fund balances generated that are over US$1,350 million as indicated in Law No. 21,185, are recognized as part of the mechanism established in Law No. 21,472.
The fund will be financed through an additional fee charged to end users segmented by consumption level, where customers with a monthly consumption of less than 350 kWh will be exempt from such fee, as well as micro and small companies with monthly consumption up to 1,000 kWh. The fund will be managed by the General Treasury of the Republic, with fiscal contribution of US$20 million per year, effective until December 31, 2032.
The Exempt Resolution No. 86 that establish the technical provisions for implementation of Law No. 21,472 was published on March 14, 2023, that enable the settlement of accounts receivable associated with the implementation of this Law.
a.1.ii) On the one hand, long-term accounts receivable increased by ThCh$86,642,098 with respect to the close of 2021, and this increase is explained primarily by the following: (i) an increase of ThCh$133,652,713 in accounts receivable that the Group should transfer to end customers and then repay to the tariff stabilization fund (by application of Law 21,472); and (ii) a decrease of ThCh$60,431,732 related to new sales of accounts receivable associated with Law 21,185 (see section a.2.II in this same note), which are described as follows:
The law was published on November 2, 2019, by the Ministry of Energy, and creates a Transitory Mechanism to Stabilize Electricity Prices for Customers Subject to Rate Regulation. Pursuant to this law, between July 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020, the prices to be transferred to regulated customers are the price levels defined for the first half of 2019 (Decree 20T/2018) and will be referred to as “Stabilized Price to Regulated Customers” (“PEC” in its Spanish acronym).
Between January 1, 2021 and up to the end of the stabilization mechanism, prices shall be those defined in the semiannual price-setting processes mentioned in article 158 of the Electricity Law, but could not be higher than the adjusted PEC according to the Consumer Price Index beginning on January 1, 2021, based on the same date (adjusted PEC).
The differences to be produced between the billing period while applying the stabilization mechanism and the theoretical billing, considering the price that would have been applied according to the conditions of the respective contracts with the electricity distribution companies, will generate an account receivable in favor of the electricity generation companies, up to a maximum of US$1,350 million until 2023. The limit was reached in January 2022.
All billing differences will be recorded in USD and will not accrue financial remuneration until December 31, 2025. The balance must be recovered by December 31, 2027.
The application of this law generates a greater delay in the billing and collection of sales generated by the Company´s electricity generation segment, with the corresponding financial and accounting impact this situation generates. In the case of the Company´s electricity distribution segment, the financial and accounting effects are neutralized (pass-through principle).
On September 14, 2020, the National Energy Commission published Exempt Resolution No. 340, which modified the technical provisions for the implementation of Law No. 21,185. This resolution clarified that the payment to each supplier “must be allocated to the payment of Balances chronologically, paying from the oldest to the newest Balances,” and not on a weighted basis over the total balances pending payment, as the industry practice had been until that date.
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In addition, this resolution established that the payment of balances shall be performed using the US$ exchange rate observed on the sixth business day following publication of the Coordinator’s Balance Payment Chart, instead of the average US$ exchange rate during the billing month, as established up to that moment.
As a result of the abovementioned situations in paragraphs a.1.i) and a.1.ii) and after eliminating transactions between related companies, the accounting effects recorded by the Group are summarized as follows:
The aforementioned trade and non-trade concepts, while included in the model to determine impairment losses (see Note 3.g.3), have no greater impact at the close of December 31, 2022 and 2021 due to the nature of these items: invoices not yet issued, invoices not yet due, or past due invoices within normal business ranges.
a.2) Assignment of rights and sale of accounts receivable from customers
As indicated above, Enel Distribución Chile can continue to make new transfers of collection rights from time to time. The completion of additional transfers of collection rights will depend on Management’s analysis and ongoing evaluation of the cash needs and market conditions.
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Pursuant to the terms and conditions established in the “Sale and Purchase Agreement” (also subject to foreign governing law), entered into and between Enel Generación Chile S.A., Enel Green Power Chile and Chile Electricity PEC SpA., assignments of Balances may be performed by Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile from time to time, in favor of Chile Electricity PEC SpA, an unrelated entity which was specifically incorporated for this purpose.
In addition, on January 29, 2021, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile entered into an agreement (subject to foreign governing law) with Chile Electricity PEC SpA referred to as the “Sale and Purchase Agreement” for the sale and assignment of Balances. By virtue of this agreement, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile have agreed to sell and assign to Chile Electricity PEC two groups of Balances for a nominal value of approximately US$158.9 million (ThCh$115,867,879) and US$12.2 million (ThCh$8,666,252) for Enel Generación and Enel Green Power Chile, respectively, totaling ThCh$121,652,067. The sale and assignment of these groups of Balances was effected on February 8, 2021, and March 31, 2021, respectively.
In addition, on June 18, 2021, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile entered into amendments to the aforementioned “Commitment Agreements” entered into with the Inter-American Investment Corporation. The main purpose of these amendments is to recognize new groups of Balances that the companies may sell and assign to Chile Electricity PEC SpA, as well as to make adjustments to reflect the incorporation of a third financing provider to Chile Electricity PEC SpA. Likewise, on June 21, 2021, Enel Generación Chile, Enel Green Power Chile, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC, among others, agreed to modify the aforementioned “Commitment and Engagement Letter”, to reflect the incorporation of certain entities of the Allianz Group as holders of promissory notes issued by Chile Electricity PEC SpA.
On June 21, 2021, Enel Generación Chile, Enel Green Power Chile, and some entities of the Allianz Group signed a “Fee Letter”, detailing the commitments assumed by the Allianz Group entities to provide financing to Chile Electricity PEC SpA, among other matters, including its amendments. On the same date, Enel Generación Chile, Enel Green Power Chile, and Chile Electricity PEC SpA amended the aforementioned “Sale and Purchase Agreements” in order to regulate the terms and conditions of future sales of Balances that Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile may decide to effect.
Detail of sales and disposals:
-On June 30, 2021, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile sold and assigned Balances to Chile Electricity PEC SpA for a nominal value of approximately US$41.7 million (ThCh$30,382,074) and US$2.8 million (ThCh$2,012,670), respectively.
-On March 4, 2022, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile sold and assigned Balances to Chile Electricity PEC SpA for a nominal value of approximately US$17.1 million (ThCh$13,722,935) and US$1.67 million (ThCh$1,335,345), respectively.
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-On July 14, 2022, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile sold and assigned Balances to Chile Electricity PEC SpA for a nominal value of approximately US$42.2 million (ThCh$42,652,823) and US$4.36 million (ThCh$2,720,629), respectively.
As a result of the sale and assignment of Balances as of December 31, 2022, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile recognized finance costs of ThCh$12,623,444 and ThCh$1,033,564, respectively (as of December 31, 2021, ThCh$39,919,437 and ThCh$3,458,695, respectively).
As mentioned above, Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile may continue to make new sales of Balances from time to time. Whether or not these sales materialize will depend on the analysis that Management performs of the cash needs and prevailing market conditions from time to time.
In addition, in 2022, short-term accounts receivable were sold, which are not related to PEC balances. Enel Generación Chile and Enel Green Power Chile sold and assigned accounts receivable for a nominal amount of ThCh$955,342,410 and ThCh$21,395,481, respectively (ThCh$572,123,608 and $0, respectively, as of December 31, 2021), recognizing a financial cost of ThCh$8,226,102 and ThCh$208,364 (ThCh$682,389 and $0, respectively, as of December 31, 2021).
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the effects of the aforementioned finance costs on the Distribution and Generation segments totaled ThCh$31,626,916 (ThCh$49,933,286 and ThCh$533,615 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020) (see Note 34).
a.3) Others
There are no restrictions on the disposal of these types of accounts receivable in a significant amount.
The Group has one customer in the generation segment whose sales represent 10% or more of its revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
For amounts, terms and conditions related to accounts receivable due from related parties, refer to Note 10.1.
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As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, future collections on financial lease receivables are the following:
Gross
Interest
Present Value
Less than one year
27,550,419
6,512,634
12,574,641
1,839,157
From one to two years
17,871,553
3,383,443
14,488,110
11,492,554
1,833,885
9,658,669
From two to three years
16,507,313
2,477,022
14,030,291
11,377,461
1,628,175
9,749,286
From three to four years
14,941,493
1,865,003
13,076,490
11,308,946
1,056,999
10,251,947
From four to five years
12,640,235
1,314,700
11,325,535
9,494,846
602,282
8,892,564
More than five years
135,444,145
18,025,710
117,418,435
31,618,242
297,323
31,320,919
224,955,158
33,578,512
191,376,646
87,866,690
7,257,821
80,608,869
The amounts correspond to the performance of public lighting projects, mainly for municipalities, and the fleet of electric buses for public transportation with their respective charging stations.
As of December 31, 2022, financial income from lease debtors reached ThCh$1,782,747 (ThCh$1,829,631 and ThCh$1,562,017 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively).
Trade accounts receivables due and unpaid, but for which no impairment losses have been recorded
Less than three months
195,879,586
103,142,026
Between three and six months
52,964,326
22,902,308
Between six and twelve months
20,180,791
17,421,962
More than twelve months
54,261,319
51,177,749
323,286,022
194,644,045
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Current and
Trade accounts receivables due and unpaid, with impairment losses
Balance as of January 1, 2021
64,853,003
Increases (decreases) for the year
18,765,175
Amounts written off
(3,884,603)
Increases (decreases) in foreign currency translation differences
52,320
Balance as of December 31, 2021
79,785,895
Increases (decreases) for the year (1)
22,025,354
(10,915,012)
(1,334)
Decreases to be classified as held for sale (2)
(1,689,459)
Balance as of December 31, 2022
89,205,444
Write-offs of doubtful accounts
The write-off of doubtful accounts is performed once all collections proceedings have been exhausted, including judicial proceedings, and proof of the debtors’ insolvency has been obtained. In the case of the Company’s Generation Business, the process normally considers at least one year of proceedings. In the Company’s Distribution Business, the process takes less than 24 months. Overall, the risk of uncollectability and, therefore, the write-off of the Company’s customers, is limited. (See Notes 3.g.3 and 22.5).
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Related party transactions are performed at current market conditions.
Transactions between companies comprising the Group have been eliminated in the consolidation process and are not disclosed in this Note.
As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, there are no allowances for doubtful accounts between related entities.
The controlling company of Enel Chile is the Italian company Enel S.p.A.
Enel Chile S.A. provides administrative services to its subsidiaries, through a centralized cash contract used to finance cash deficits or consolidate cash surpluses. These accounts may have a debtor or creditor balance and are prepayable, short-term accounts with a variable interest rate that represents market conditions. To reflect these market conditions, the interest rates are reviewed periodically through an update procedure approved by the Boards of Directors of the respective companies.
The balances of accounts receivable and payable as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:
Relationship
Transaction Description
Foreign
Empresa Distribuidora Sur S.A.
Argentina
Common Immediate Parent
Other Services
184,318
90,777
IT Services
1,619,319
1,543,540
Enel Generación Costanera S.A.
Engineering Services
187,436
184,990
Enel Generación El Chocón S.A.
14,390
14,203
Enel Green Power Argentina
322,890
320,138
Enel Brasil S.A.
Brazil
CLP
222,193
15,178
14,980
1,451,125
1,435,123
Enel Distribución Sao Paulo
67,658
31,841
94.271.000-3
881,246
737,980
158,018
1,533,188
188,236
Technical Services
389,126
486,802
Enel X AMPCI Ebus Chile SpA
Associated
Management services
3,239
77.157.781-4
Enel X AMPCI L1 Holdings SpA
77.157.783-0
Enel X AMPCI L1 SpA
16,471
Enel X Way Chile SpA
267,241
974,759
76.802.924-3
Energía y Servicios South America Spa
232,786
33,905
154,180
189,150
Gas Purchase Advance
8,623,438
15,677,431
77.374.847-0
HIF H2 S.p.A
Joint venture
Capital advance
1,987,978
Codensa S.A.
Colombia
EUR
96,464
51,915
Enel Colombia S.A. ESP.
122,891
1,627,025
734,715
89,269
140,226
Endesa Energía
Spain
Gas Sales
31,754,264
Endesa España
28,514
29,197
Endesa Generación
51,516
50,844
Enel North America Inc
United States
158,958
63,594
222,740
Enel X North America Inc
96,448
Enel Global Thermal Generation S.r.l.
Italy
1,726,897
1,223,525
Enel Global Trading S.p.A.
464,774
477,950
Commodity derivatives
195,403,892
21,198,832
Enel Green Power Spa
123,427
126,210
474,458
470,414
2,188
2,294
230,975
428,285
721,622
Enel Grids S.r.L
530,205
519,340
Enel Innovation Hubs Srl
102,449
Enel Italia SrL.
776,929
761,119
Enel Produzione
262,931
230,049
Parent
845,251
882,361
Enel X S.R.L.
51,406
51,303
Enel Green Power Morocco
Morocco
456,512
377,899
Chinango S.A.C.
Peru
18,511
18,269
Enel Distribución Perú S.A.
334,125
384,250
Enel Generación Perú S.A.
71,534
71,862
1,228,039
1,036,601
605,760
558,576
Enel Generación Piura S.A.
78,511
77,487
Enel Green Power Perú
1,364,051
489,630
4,450
4,411
Energetica Monzon S.A.C.
784,712
776,841
Proyectos y Soluciones Renovables S.A.C.
151,213
149,270
Taxpayer
ID No.
Purchase of materials
6,780
1,331,438
Enel Trading Argentina S.R.L.
83,004
81,921
18,083
17,846
33,026
492,612
307,897
Enel X Brasil Gerenciamento de Energia Ltda
1,057
1,478
179,409
2,515,035
144,953
3,891,398
528,182
285,648
407,152
197,933
246,923
Gas Purchase
18,616,494
6,484,164
Transmisora Eléctrica de Quillota Ltda.
Tolls
13,887
5,167
Enel Colombia S.A. E.S.P.
35,836
COP
5,077
29,270
Coal purchase
508,311
501,677
88,636
Enel Green Power España SL
658,207
561,326
Enel Iberia SRL
656,798
225,322
88,171
536,809
Enel Green Power North America Inc
440,402
436,649
Enel Finance International NV (*)
Netherlands
Loan payable
428,466,443
799,265,075
Cesi S.p.A.
71,579
316,622
Enel Energía
552,771
556,018
Enel Global Services S.r.l.
1,327,547
1,324,716
9,025,183
5,916,002
70,811
95,565
8,123,201
5,977,965
1,329,550
3,050,405
215,601
203,833
1,298,786
1,304,026
819,835
787,719
24,982
26,185
74,001,856
36,208,560
8,739,608
7,562,517
534,305
303,992
273,636
274,891
35,965,138
31,580,956
21,467,585
17,274,445
16,387,650
16,248,379
6,528,805
4,485,802
325,189
330,865
14,243,095
2,532,663
5,453,612
5,170,559
Enel Italia S.p.A
1,113,099
1,145,568
1,552,756
1,617,382
990,303
1,033,214
1,678,743
1,880,143
229,338,163
16,527,560
1,939
1,923
11,149,442
9,935,189
3,485,259
2,142,992
14,369,214
5,708,090
5,410,491
121,786
127,063
935,155
890,918
12,779,052
8,826,081
Gridspertise s.r.l.
1,189,548
403,567
Tecnatom SA
33,386
(*) See letter d below.
The significant transactions with related companies that are not consolidated, are as follows:
For the years ended December 31,
Endesa Energía S.A.
180,214,107
Provision of administration services and others
7,859,162
5,632,424
5,021,265
Gas consumption
(443,243,955)
(314,415,258)
(164,410,577)
Matriz Común
(3,545,918)
(5,284,971)
(3,435,918)
(5,097,105)
(2,260,739)
(2,230,293)
(2,340,510)
(5,305,537)
(3,800,471)
Enel Global Trading SpA.
36,940,008
35,815,215
(37,771,702)
166,792,281
(2,618,484)
(2,227,749)
(2,183,183)
Enel Finance International NV
Financial expenses
(72,578,171)
(42,040,047)
(35,079,947)
(3,172,872)
Enel Green Power SpA
(7,263,535)
(6,136,692)
(7,861,111)
(4,674,437)
Energía y Servicios South America SpA
(2,128,624)
The transactions detailed in the preceding table correspond to all those that exceed Ch$2,000 million, by counterparty and nature of the transactions.
As of December 31, 2022, this debt has been settled, and it was fully paid at maturity on December 21, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, the amount owed was US$400 million, equivalent to ThCh$337,876,000.
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10.2 Board of directors and key management personnel
Enel Chile is managed by a Board of Directors which consists of seven members. Each director serves for a three-year term after which they can be reelected.
The Board of Directors in office as of December 31, 2022, was elected at the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 28, 2021, and comprises the following people:
At the Ordinary Board Meeting held on April 28, 2021, Mr. Herman Chadwick Piñera was elected as Chairman of the Board and Mr. Domingo Valdés Prieto as Secretary of the Board.
The Directors’ Committee was also appointed during the same Board Meeting, which is governed by Law No. 18,046 (the Chilean Corporations Law), and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This Committee comprises the Directors Mr. Fernán Gazmuri Plaza, Mr. Pablo Cabrera Gaete and Mr. Luis Gonzalo Palacios Vásquez. All the members of the Committee are independent Directors, in accordance with the provisions of Circular No. 1,956 issued by the CMF.
The Board of Directors has appointed Mr. Fernán Gazmuri Plaza as financial expert of Enel Chile’s Directors’ Committee. The Company’s Directors’ Committee has appointed Mr. Fernán Gazmuri Plaza as Chairman of the aforementioned corporate body and Mr. Domingo Valdés Prieto as its Secretary.
There are no outstanding balances receivable and payable between the Company and its Directors and Group Management.
There are no transactions other than remuneration between the Company and its Directors and Group Management.
No guarantees have been given to the Directors.
In accordance with Article 33 of Law No. 18,046 (Chilean Corporations Law), governing stock corporations, the compensation of Directors is established each year at the General Shareholders Meeting of Enel Chile.
A monthly compensation, one part a fixed monthly fee and another part dependent on meetings attended, shall also be paid to each member of the Board of Directors. This compensation is broken down as follows:
According to the provisions of the bylaws, the compensation of the Chairman of the Board will be twice that of a Director.
In the event a Director of Enel Chile S.A participates in more than one Board of Directors of domestic or foreign subsidiaries and/or affiliates, or acts as director or consultant for other domestic or foreign companies or legal entities in which Enel Chile S.A. has direct or indirect interest, he/she may receive remuneration only in one of said Board of Directors or Management Boards.
The executive officers of Enel Chile S.A. and/or its domestic or foreign subsidiaries or affiliates will not receive remunerations or per diem allowances if acting as directors of any of Enel Chile S.A.’s domestic or foreign subsidiaries, affiliates or investee in any way. However, said remunerations or per diem allowances may be received by the executive officers as long as they are previously and expressly authorized as advances of their variable portion of remuneration by the corresponding companies with which they are associated through an employment contract.
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Directors’ Committee:
Each member will be paid monthly compensation, one part a fixed monthly fee and another part dependent on meetings attended.
This compensation is broken down as follows:
The following tables show details of the compensation paid to the members of the Board of Directors of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
December 31, 2022
Name
Period in position
Enel Chile Board
Board of subsidiaries
Directors' Committee
4.975.992-4
January -December 2022
4.461.192-9
125,209
41,688
4.774.797-K
5.545.086-2
Luis Gonzalo Palacios Vasquez
Monica Girardi
TOTAL
626,046
125,064
December 31, 2021
January -December 2021
216,204
Giulio Fazio
January -March 2021
Fernan Gazmuri Plaza
105,796
34,466
108,102
36,028
5.672.444-3
Juan Gerardo Jofré Miranda
25,910
8,637
April - December 2021
76,460
25,481
Daniele Caprini
532,472
104,612
December 31, 2020
January -December 2020
207,918
103,959
34,653
519,795
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Enel Chile’s key management personnel as of December 31, 2022 is comprised of the following people:
Key Management Personnel
Fabrizio Barderi (1)
Administration Finance and Control Officer
13.903.626-3
Human Resources and Organization Manager
6.973.465-0
General Counsel and Secretary to the Board
16.261.687-0
Juan Francisco Díaz Valenzuela (2)
Internal Audit Manager
27.965.892-2
Montserrat Palomar Quilez (3)
Sustainability and Relationship Manager
Enel Chile has implemented an annual bonus plan for its executives based on meeting company-wide objectives and on the level of their individual contribution in achieving the overall goals of the Group. The plan provides for a range of bonus amounts according to seniority level. The bonuses paid to the executives consist of a certain number of monthly gross remunerations.
Compensation received by key management personnel as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:
Remuneration
2,241,508
2,060,928
2,133,063
Short-term benefits for employees
261,306
260,400
272,714
Other long-term benefits
143,969
38,713
146,404
2,646,783
2,360,041
2,552,181
No guarantees have been given to key management personnel.
There are no payment plans granted to the Directors or key Management personnel based on the share price of the Enel Chile common stock.
In 2022, under an established restricted stock unit (“RSU”) program that was implemented for that year only, certain key personnel of Enel Chile received a one-time issuance of Enel S.p.A. shares for the corresponding RSU award. These shares were not issued on a discretionary basis, but were automatically issued upon vesting of the RSUs on a pre-established date once certain performance-based vesting conditions were met. The cost of the RSU program is subject to an outstanding recharge agreement; accordingly, such cost has been supported by Enel Chile. This agreement establishes that all fixed and variable remuneration of certain expatriate executives (whether in cash or in kind) is paid by the company to which the expatriate executive provides services. The cost of the program amounted to ThCh$27,395. This cost is included in the item Remuneration Expenses for 2022.
11. INVENTORIES
The detail of inventories as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:
Supplies for Production
18,678,262
6,130,065
Gas
7,050,658
2,764,539
Oil
11,627,604
3,365,526
Supplies for projects and spare parts
30,215,221
22,131,301
Electrical materials
29,022,610
2,986,344
There are no inventories acting as security for liabilities.
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, raw materials and inputs recognized as fuel cost was ThCh$587,063,837, ThCh$ 374,868,794 and ThCh$ 231,176,489, respectively. See note 29.
In the 2022 fiscal year, adjustments were recorded due to coal and diesel inventory impairment for ThCh$51,213,588. These adjustments are related to the discontinuity of the Bocamina II plant. For this same reason, during the 2021 fiscal year, coal and diesel inventory impairment was recorded for ThCh$46,572,145. For further information, see Notes 16.c.iv and 29.
Tax Receivables
Advance income tax payments
42,504,237
51,691,573
Credit for adsorbed tax profits
77,515,647
59,372,737
Tax credit for training expenses
538,483
472,706
Income tax
The detail of the Group’s investees accounted for using the equity method and the movements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Share of
Balance as
Balance as of
Profit
Comprehensive
Increase
of
Negative
Ownership
1-1-2021
Additions
(Loss)
Declared
Translation
Income
(Decrease)
Equity
Number
Associates and Joint Ventures
Percentage
Provision
Associate
5,706,636
6,846,528
(149,017)
12,404,147
76.014.570-K
Enel Argentina S.A.
Argentine Peso
0.08%
387,135
(22,337)
(42,758)
(144,639)
210,927
388,328
Energías Marina SpA
Chilean Peso
16,493
(59,317)
(42,824)
42,824
3,828,885
(29,621)
(384,087)
(67,686)
1,033,236
(4,380,727)
HIF H2 SpA (1)
1,277
2,744,259
(2,750,793)
146
(5,111)
5,111
Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA (2)
29,352,972
(266,328)
(29,086,644)
77.371.406-1
Suministradora de Buses K Cuatro SPA (2)
0.50%
296,809
(3,259)
(293,550)
Enel X Way Chile S.p.A.
6,196,475
(433,632)
(812,489)
4,960,303
38,607,008
(426,845)
(361,196)
(34,362,483)
17,704,843
47,935
1-1-2020
'Percentage
1,729,383
3,620,701
(381,860)
738,412
Transmisora Eléctrica de Quillota Ltda. (3)
0.00%
7,451,193
(292,529)
(5,360,886)
(1,797,778)
370,563
(108,016)
(66,360)
(5,706)
196,654
57,357
(62,484)
(5,127)
5,127
3,441,664
19,737
(670,700)
678,387
12,992,803
58,634
(6,479,806)
1,411,093
(1,601,124)
9,918,806
Financial information as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 of the main companies in which the Group exercises significant influence is detailed below:
Direct / Indirect
Current Assets
Non-currentAssets
Current Liabilities
Non-currentLiabilities
Profit (Loss)
OtherComprehensiveIncome
ComprehensiveIncome
Investments with Significant Influence
Ownership %
168,628,712
1,732,116,130
258,607,318
1,604,925,084
1,342,760,054
20,539,585
(447,055)
20,092,530
(148,103)
4,827,752
4,679,649
15,891,445
2,214,410
7,578,722
404,066
4,239,501
(884,964)
20,305
(864,659)
135,535,995
1,551,052,079
204,485,491
1,464,982,676
1,025,300,274
10,862,103
2,215,243
13,077,346
15,011,284
105,903,882
13,781,434
87,989,309
98,684
5,190,928
5,289,612
None of the Company’s associates have issued price quotations.
The detail of the Group’s statements of financial position and statements of income of joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:
HIF H2 SpA
50.0%
2,556
4,008,576
12,779
4,006,021
2,555
Other fixed operating expenses
(5,501,586)
Sociedad de Inversiones
K Cuatro SpA
06-12-2022
237,410
59,474,494
1,927
886,326
1,557
(600,822)
(129)
Foreign exchange gains (losses)
58,279
Income per adjustment units
3,497
(539,175)
On October 28, 2021, Enel X Chile purchased a 10% interest in Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA for ThCh$31,632. Before February 28, 2022, this interest was conditioned upon the long-term financial asset, because the Group did not have significant influence over the company. Then, on February 28, 2022, Enel X Chile increased its interest in Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA to 50%, through the acquisition of 400 shares for a total of ThCh$259,393, thus meeting the conditions to be classified as a joint venture (see Note 2.6).
Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA was awarded the public bid for the complementary bus supply service for the Public Transportation System of the Province of Santiago and the communities of San Bernardo and Puente Alto. Therefore, it formed a corporation known as Suministradora de Buses K Cuatro SpA. (hereinafter, the Supplier).
As a result of the aforementioned bid, the Supplier must purchase 991 buses which will then be leased to the operators of the Public Transportation System. The approximate cost of this acquisition is US$364 million plus VAT. The bid terms and conditions establish certain minimum capital obligations for the Supplier and, on May 13, 2022, the Supplier performed a capital increase of US$63.5 million (ThCh$58,769,207), of which, proportional to its new shareholder interest, Enel X Chile contributed US$31.5 million (ThCh$29,384,103), through Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA.
On December 6, 2022, our subsidiary Enel X Chile completed the sale of its entire stake in Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA and Suministradora de Buses K Cuatro SpA. (See Note 9.a) detail of Other accounts receivable, and Note 33).
Transmisora Eléctrica
de Quillota Ltda.
896,616
(239,154)
(824,314)
Other Income
25,735
Interest income
61,769
(505,710)
(585,058)
On December 30, 2021, the Company sold its 50% equity interest in Transmisora Eléctrica de Quillota Ltda. (see Note 2.6.ii) for US$13,862,707, equivalent to ThCh$11,786,767, resulting in a profit of ThCh$9,968,845.
There are no significant commitments and contingencies, or restrictions to the availability of funds in associated companies and joint ventures.
F-85
The balances of this caption as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented below:
Classes of Intangible Assets, Gross
Intangible Assets, Gross
334,904,014
317,349,834
Easements and water rights
13,227,138
22,169,638
78,027,417
68,707,575
Patents, registered trademarks and other rights
1,654,706
1,560,467
Software licenses
232,572,572
215,606,140
Other identifiable intangible assets
9,422,181
9,306,014
Classes of Intangible Assets, Amortization and Impairment
Accumulated Amortization and Impairment, Total
(143,462,751)
(126,128,279)
(5,040,675)
(6,203,360)
(16,016,387)
(13,306,986)
(764,612)
(502,432)
Software Licenses
(118,655,592)
(103,254,572)
Other Identifiable Intangible Assets
(2,985,485)
(2,860,929)
Classes of Intangible Assets, Net
Intangibles Assets, Net
8,186,463
15,966,278
62,011,030
55,400,589
890,094
1,058,035
113,916,980
112,351,568
6,436,696
6,445,085
The following table presents intangible assets other than Goodwill as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Patents, Registered Trademarks and Other Rights
ComputerSoftware
Intangible Assets,
Net
Movements in Intangible Assets
Opening balance as of January 1, 2021
15,032,077
43,584,113
200,995
94,668,184
11,629,152
165,114,521
Movements in identifiable intangible assets
Increases other than from business combinations
26,651,901
Increase (decrease) from foreign currency translation differences
872,636
8,594,987
781,819
1,435,762
11,685,204
Amortization (1)
(1,841,472)
(24,200)
(10,361,635)
(12,227,307)
Increases (decreases) from transfers and other Movements
61,565
5,062,961
881,240
614,323
(6,620,089)
Increases (decreases) from transfers
Argentina Hyperinflation Effect
260
Increase (decrease)
(3,024)
Total Movements in identifiable intangible assets
934,201
11,816,476
857,040
17,683,384
(5,184,067)
26,107,034
Closing balance as of December 31, 2021
Opening balance as of January 1, 2022
8,604,379
31,344,129
39,948,508
47,213
720,914
25,124
80,502
873,753
(2,335,352)
(262,180)
(19,675,792)
(12,917)
(22,286,241)
1,550,107
94,239
(1,699,271)
54,925
Dispositions and removal from service
(398,799)
(2,730)
(401,529)
Dispositions
(130,899)
(9,377,135)
(9,208,014)
(18,585,149)
19,299
781,966
801,265
(7,779,815)
6,610,441
(167,941)
1,565,412
(8,389)
219,708
Closing balance as of December 31, 2022
No impairment losses have been recognized as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. According to the estimates and projections of the Group’s Management, the cash flows projections attributable to intangible assets allow recovering the net value of these assets recorded as of December 31, 2022 (see Note 3. e).
F-87
The following table sets forth goodwill by cash-generating unit or group of cash-generating units and changes for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Cash Generating Unit
Opening Balance01-01-2021
Transfer
Foreign Currency Translation
Closing Balance12-31-2021
Transfer to Held for Sale (1)
Closing Balance 12-31-2022
2,240,478
Enel Distribución Chile
128,374,362
90,462,357
Enel Transmisión Chile
Generación Chile
756,642,815
Almeyda Solar SpA
Enel Green Power Chile
20,625,818
(20,625,818)
3,895,532
24,521,350
324,265
24,845,615
77,445
14,627
92,072
1,218
93,290
Parque Eólico Talinay Oriente
7,744,451
1,462,670
9,207,121
121,753
9,328,874
915,705,369
5,372,829
447,236
According to the Group Management’s estimates and projections, the expected future cash flows projections attributable to the cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units, to which the acquired goodwill has been allocated, allow the recovery of its carrying amount as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (see Note 3.e).
The origin of the goodwill is detailed below:
On December 31, 1996, Enel Distribución Chile S.A acquired 100% of Empresa Eléctrica de Colina Ltda. (currently Enel Colina S.A.) from Inversiones Saint Thomas S.A., a company that is neither directly or indirectly related to Enel Distribución Chile S.A.
On November 2000, Enersis S.A. (currently Enel Américas S.A.) acquired through a public tender offer, an additional ownership interest of 25.4% in Enel Distribución Chile S.A., reaching 99.99% ownership.
Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. was incorporated on January 1, 2021, as a result of the spin-off of Enel Distribución Chile S.A., and it was assigned the assets and liabilities associated with the electric power transmission business. The spin-off process was performed to comply with requirements related to the exclusive distribution business, in accordance with the latest amendments to Decree Law No. 4/2016 issued by the Ministry of Economy, Development and Reconstruction. Enel Chile maintained a goodwill arising from the Cash-Generation Unit (CGU) of Enel Distribución Chile S.A. until December 31, 2020. However, as a result of these new regulations and the emergence of a new CGU in the transmission business in 2020, a redistribution of this goodwill was performed using the value in use method as of the 2020 year-end as reference.
On October 21, 2022, Enel Chile completed the sale of its subsidiary Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. to Sociedad Transmisora Metropolitana SpA., through a takeover bid. Consequently, control of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. was transferred to the new controlling parent Sociedad Transmisora Metropolitana SpA. (see Notes 2.4.1.v and 33).
On May 11, 1999, Enersis S.A. (currently Enel Américas S.A.) acquired an additional 35% ownership interest in Empresa Nacional de Electricidad S.A. (currently Enel Generación Chile S.A.) achieving 60% ownership of the
generation company, through a public tender offer in the Santiago Stock Exchange and the purchase of shares in the United States (30% and 5%, respectively).
On October 1, 2019, Gasatacama Chile S.A. merged with Enel Generación Chile S.A., with the latter being the legal surviving company. The resulting goodwill was recognized in Enel Generación Chile S.A.
4.1 GasAtacama Chile S.A. (ex Inversiones GasAtacama Holding Limitada)
On April 22, 2014, Empresa Nacional de Electricidad S.A. (currently Enel Generación Chile S.A.) acquired 50% ownership interest in GasAtacama Chile S.A. (formerly Inversiones GasAtacama Holding Limitada), previously held by Southern Cross Latin América Private Equity Fund III L.P.
4.2.GasAtacama Chile S.A. (formerly Empresa Eléctrica Pangue S.A.)
On July 12, 2002, Empresa Nacional de Electricidad S.A. (currently Enel Generación Chile S.A.) acquired 2.51% of the shares of Empresa Eléctrica Pangue S.A., upon exercise of the sale option by the minority shareholder International Finance Corporation (IFC).
On May 2, 2012, Empresa Eléctrica Pangue S.A. merged with Compañía Eléctrica San Isidro S.A., with the latter being the legal surviving company.
4.3. GasAtacama Chile S.A. (formerly Compañía Eléctrica San Isidro S.A.)
On August 11, 2005, Empresa Nacional de Electricidad S.A. (currently Enel Generación Chile S.A.) acquired an ownership interest in Inversiones Lo Venecia Ltda., whose sole asset was a 25% interest in San Isidro S.A.
On September 1, 2013, Compañía Eléctrica San Isidro S.A. merged with Endesa Eco S.A., with the latter being the legal surviving company.
On November 1, 2013, Endesa Eco S.A. merged with Compañía Eléctrica Tarapacá S.A., with the latter being the legal surviving company.
On November 1, 2016, Celta merged with GasAtacama Chile S.A., with the latter being the legal surviving company.
On March 26, 2013, Enel Green Power Chile S.A. acquired ownership interest in Parque Eólico Talinay Oriente S.A.
In addition, on August 6, 2001, Enel Green Power Chile S.A. acquired interests on the companies Empresa Eléctrica Panguipulli S.A. and Empresa Eléctrica Puyehue S.A., where subsequently Puyehue merged into Panguipulli and the latter became the legal successor company. On July 1, 2020, Empresa Eléctrica Panguipulli S.A. was absorbed by Parque Eólico Taltal SpA and the latter became the legal successor company. On August 1, 2020, Parque Eólico Taltal SpA merged with Almeyda Solar SpA and the latter became the legal successor. Finally, on January 1, 2021, Almeyda Solar SpA merged with Enel Green Power Chile S.A. and the latter became the legal successor company.
F-89
The following table sets forth the property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Classes of Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross
11,569,978,697
11,142,172,107
Construction in progress
3,099,937,769
2,404,299,833
Land
64,680,270
78,715,479
629,754,211
655,780,937
Generation Plant and Equipment
6,435,310,747
6,300,566,056
Network infrastructure
1,188,201,802
1,488,114,938
131,402,242
194,179,535
Other property, plant, and equipment
20,691,656
20,515,329
Classes of Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment in Property, Plant and Equipment
Total Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment inProperty, Plant and Equipment
(4,997,624,703)
(5,031,483,346)
(187,875,641)
(185,002,401)
(4,224,174,273)
(4,086,507,212)
(479,761,456)
(614,017,141)
(85,619,903)
(126,246,469)
(20,193,430)
(19,710,123)
Classes of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
441,878,570
470,778,536
2,211,136,474
2,214,058,844
708,440,346
874,097,797
45,782,339
67,933,066
498,226
805,206
The composition and movements of the property, plant and equipment accounts during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:
Constructionin progress
Buildings, Net
GenerationPlant andEquipmentNet
Networkinfrastructure, Net
Fixtures andFittings, Net
Other property, plant and equipment, Net
Property, Plant andEquipment, Net
Movements in 2022
1,010,059,037
(560,847)
925,250
1,752,776
145,616
1,012,321,832
Increases (decreases) from foreign currency translation differences
14,627,772
(84,493)
3,021,504
7,434,974
544,629
(300,948)
14,012
25,257,450
Depreciation (1)
(22,407,997)
(139,378,454)
(38,646,149)
(7,383,182)
(320,992)
(208,136,774)
Increases (decreases) from transfers and other movements
(229,013,784)
888,683
28,652,809
128,323,777
65,834,402
5,314,113
Increases (decreases) from transfers from construction in progress
Disposals and removals from service
(53,307,303)
(1,619,263)
(3,190,127)
(58,116,693)
Disposals
(369,837)
Removals (2)
(52,937,466)
(57,746,856)
Decreases to be classified as held for sale (3)
(69,519,016)
(16,388,131)
(40,708,934)
(192,857,093)
(19,167,093)
(338,640,267)
Other increases (decreases)
22,274,490
1,438,994
2,941,741
120,184
904,111
(1,153,320)
26,526,200
Argentine hyperinflationary economy
516,740
109,738
161,758
1,271,162
394,087
2,453,485
Total movements
695,637,936
(14,035,209)
(28,899,966)
(2,922,370)
(165,657,451)
(22,150,727)
(306,980)
461,665,233
GenerationPlant andEquipment, Net
Movements in 2021
1,567,685,720
78,366,909
418,161,416
2,120,471,695
794,179,988
53,452,462
1,178,282
5,033,496,472
894,031,403
366,432
1,429,573
2,016,740
615,804
898,459,952
167,710,277
118,312
62,905,635
174,366,572
9,145,223
268,274
162,162
414,676,455
(20,084,630)
(128,647,891)
(38,770,418)
(6,725,834)
(535,238)
(194,764,011)
Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for the period (4)
(28,773,082)
(4,262,649)
(33,035,731)
(180,007,066)
167,714
17,268,849
32,926,796
109,860,379
19,783,328
(230,675)
(577)
(1,464,759)
(895,689)
(2,591,700)
(16,306,942)
(2,182)
(3,675,456)
14,194,951
(1,438,426)
223,672
(7,004,383)
190,198
64,726
99,516
781,907
315,360
1,451,707
836,614,113
348,570
52,617,120
93,587,149
79,917,809
14,480,604
(373,076)
1,077,192,289
Additional information on property, plant and equipment, net
The main additions to property, plant and equipment relate to investments in the Company’s networks and operating plants and new projects under construction. These investments totaled ThCh$3,099,937,769 and ThCh$2,404,299,833 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
In the distribution segment, the main investments are improvements in networks to optimize their operation, in order to enhance efficiency and quality of service level. The book value of these works in progress totaled ThCh$174,653,435 and ThCh$131,899,846 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
In the generation segment, investments include works towards the new capacity program. This includes:
F-91
Following the accounting criteria described in Note 3.a), only those investments made in the abovementioned generation projects qualify as assets suitable for capitalizing interest. As a whole, these projects represent cumulative cash disbursements in the amount of ThCh$2,233,139,570 and ThCh$1,675,012,361, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively.
b.1) Capitalized financial expenses in work-in-progress
The capitalized cost for financial expenses amounted to ThCh$83,292,276 as of December 31, 2022, (ThCh$61,513,684 and ThCh$33,109,819 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively) (see Note 34). The average financing rate ranged between 5.93% and 6.17% as of December 31, 2022 (6.86% and 7.39% as of December 31, 2021).
The increase in interest capitalization evidenced during 2022 is mainly explained by an improved performance of non-conventional renewable energy projects and by a greater continuity in the performance of the Los Cóndores project. With respect to the Los Cóndores project, given the difficulties inherent to a project of this magnitude and the impacts related to COVID-19, which implied some suspensions in the execution of the project during the previous years, an update of the project schedule provided by Enel Generación Chile on July 27, 2020, estimates that it will be completed in the last quarter of 2023.
b.2) Capitalized personnel expenses in work-in-progress
The capitalized cost for personnel expenses directly related to constructions in progress was ThCh$44,569,685, ThCh$31,157,196 and ThCh$25,539,316 as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 respectively.
The increase in the capitalization of interest and personnel expenses in fiscal years 2022 and 2021 is mainly due to a improved performance of non-conventional renewable energy projects.
Additionally, the Group has civil liability insurance policies for third-party claims up to a limit of €400 million (ThCh$363,697,460) in case these claims are due to the rupture of any dams owned by the Company or its subsidiaries, as well as environmental civil liability to cover environmental damage claims up to €20 million (ThCh$18,184,873). The premiums associated with these policies are recorded proportionally to each company in the caption prepaid expenses.
F-92
Development during 2019:
On June 4, 2019, the Company’s subsidiaries Enel Generación Chile and Gasatacama Chile entered into an agreement by which both companies, in line with their own sustainability strategy and strategic plan, and the Ministry of Energy, regulated how they would proceed to progressively eliminate the Tarapacá, Bocamina I and Bocamina II coal-fired generation units (hereinafter, Tarapacá, Bocamina I and Bocamina II).
The agreement is subject to the condition precedent that the regulations on capacity transfers between generation companies go into force, which establishes, among other things, the essential conditions to ensure non-discriminatory treatment among the generators and to define the State of Strategic Reserve. By virtue of the above, Enel Generación Chile and Gasatacama Chile would formally and irrevocably agree to the final withdrawal of Bocamina I and Tarapacá, respectively, from the National Electricity System, establishing their deadlines on May 31, 2020 for Tarapacá, and December 31, 2023 for Bocamina I.
The Group stated its intention to accelerate the withdrawal of Tarapacá and Bocamina I, promoting the termination of their operations, all fully coordinated with the Authority. Within this context, on June 17, 2019, Gasatacama Chile submitted a request to the CNE to perform the final withdrawal, disconnection, and termination of operations of Tarapacá at an earlier date, i.e., by December 31, 2019. On July 26, 2019, by Exempt Resolution No. 450 and in accordance with the provisions of article 72 -18 of the General Law of Electricity Services, the CNE authorized the final withdrawal, disconnection, and termination of operations of Tarapacá on December 31, 2019.
The management of the Tarapacá and Bocamina I assets will be carried out separately, and these assets will not form part of the Cash-Generating Unit formed by the rest of the plants owned by the Enel Generación Chile Group, whose economic management is performed in an integrated manner.
Due to the abovementioned and as a result of impairment testing on an individual basis, in 2019 the Group recognized impairment losses in the amount of ThCh$197,188,542 and ThCh$82,831,721 to adjust the carrying amount of the capitalized investment in Tarapacá and Bocamina I, respectively, to their recoverable amount. The resulting recoverable amount, after the recorded impairment, corresponds to the value of the lands held in Tarapacá and Bocamina I, in the amount of ThCh$1,613,803 and ThCh$ 6,362,581, respectively.
With respect to Bocamina II, Enel Generación Chile set a goal for its early withdrawal by December 31, 2040, at the latest. All of the above was subject to the authorization established in the General Law of Electricity Services. The financial effects would depend on the factors involved in the electricity market behavior, such as fuel prices, hydrological conditions, the growth of electricity demand, and international inflation indexes, which could not be determined at the close of 2019.
Notwithstanding the above, the useful lives of the Bocamina II assets were adjusted such that in any case, the depreciation would be calculated for any useful lives beyond December 31, 2040. This measure implied the recognition of a higher depreciation of ThCh$4,083,855 during 2019.
Development during 2020:
On May 27, 2020, the Board of Directors of Enel Generación Chile approved, subject to the corresponding CNE authorizations, the early withdrawal of Bocamina I and Bocamina II, establishing deadlines for such withdrawals on December 31, 2020, and May 31, 2022, respectively. The corresponding request was communicated to the CNE that same day.
This decision shows the Company’s commitment to fight against climate change and also considered the deep changes being experienced by the industry, including the constant and increasing penetration of renewable energies and the reduction in commodities prices, making gas-powered production more competitive, which would give greater flexibility to the system’s operations in comparison to coal-fired production.
F-93
On July 3, 2020, the CNE issued Exempt Resolution No. 237 authorizing the final withdrawal, disconnection, and termination of operations of Bocamina I on December 31, 2020.
Regarding Bocamina II, the Group also intended to accelerate its early closure, promoting the discontinuation of its operations in strict coordination with the Authority. In this context, on July 23, 2020, the CNE issued Exempt Resolution No. 266 authorizing the final withdrawal, disconnection, and termination of operations of Bocamina II as of May 31, 2022.
As occurred in 2019 with Tarapacá and Bocamina I, Bocamina II’s Management assets will be managed separately and, accordingly, these assets will not form part of the Cash-Generating Unit conforming of the rest of the plants owned by the Enel Generación Chile Group, whose economic Management continues to be carried out in a centralized manner.
Consequently, and as a result of impairment testing on an individual basis, in 2020 the Group recorded an impairment loss of ThCh$697,856,387 to adjust the carrying amount of the capitalized investment in Bocamina II to its recoverable value. Additionally, for this same reason, during fiscal year 2021 the Group recorded an additional impairment loss of ThCh$28,773,083. The resulting recoverable value, after the impairment recorded, corresponds to the value of the land associated with this plant, which as of December 31, 2020, was ThCh$2,014,684.
These situations have effects on deferred taxes, which are disclosed in Note 19.b.
Development during 2022:
On May 3, 2022, the National Energy Commission issued Exempt Resolution No. 325, which based on technical studies and system operation projections, ordered Enel Generación Chile S.A. (“Enel Generación”) to perform the final removal, disconnection, and termination of operations at the Bocamina II generation unit beginning on September 30, 2022, in accordance with article 72-18 of the General Law of Electricity Services.
F-94
The investment property breakdown and activity during 2022 and 2021 are detailed as follows:
InvestmentProperties, Gross
AccumulatedDepreciation,Amortization andImpairment
InvestmentProperties, Net
Investment Property, Net, Cost Model
9,189,377
(1,767,437)
7,421,940
Depreciation expense
(19,812)
Reversals of value impairment loss recognized in the income statement
136,877
(1,650,372)
Owner-occupied real property transfers
(1,479,063)
557,282
(921,781)
(7,701)
Reversals of value impairment recognized in the income statement
738,739
7,710,314
(362,052)
As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, no real estate property has been sold.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of the investment was ThCh$8,398,984 and ThCh$8,856,391 respectively. This value was determined according to independent appraisals.
The input data used in this valuation are considered Level 3 for the purposes of the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value hierarchy for investment properties is the following:
Fair value measured as of December 31, 2021
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Investment properties
8,398,984
See Note 3.h.
The revenue and expenses derived from investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are detailed as follows:
Income and expense from investment properties
Income derived from rental income from investment properties
131,531
204,483
196,955
Direct operating expenses from investment properties that generate rental income
(18,551)
(39,727)
(36,761)
112,980
164,756
160,194
There are no contracts for repairs, maintenance, acquisition, construction, or development which represent future obligations for the Group as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
The Group has engaged insurance policies to cover the possible risks to which the different elements of its real estate investments are exposed, as well as potential claims that may arise due to the performance of its activities, with the understanding that these policies sufficiently cover these risks.
Right-of-use assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, are detailed as follows:
Other Plants and equipment
Right-of-use assets, Net
140,588,971
20,199,890
New assets contracts, by right-of use
61,567,317
429,537
Increases (decreases) from foreign currency translation differences, net
19,926,031
368,947
20,294,978
Depreciation
(6,069,392)
(1,763,885)
(7,833,277)
Retirements
(418,215)
Decreases for classification as held for sale (1)
(1,130,769)
75,423,956
(2,514,385)
72,909,571
216,012,927
17,685,505
33,587,391
21,914,801
55,502,192
11,766,090
407,407
12,173,497
(1,794,208)
(2,122,318)
(3,916,526)
(907,494)
107,001,580
(1,714,911)
105,286,669
(1)See Note 5.2.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the main right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are detailed as follows:
The present value of future payments derived from those contracts is detailed as follows:
26,961,235
7,940,599
14,282,203
3,177,185
12,870,321
7,747,979
5,122,342
13,303,170
2,903,458
10,399,712
12,572,768
7,731,707
4,841,061
7,228,546
2,794,604
4,433,942
12,452,751
7,572,337
4,880,414
7,018,180
2,690,733
4,327,447
12,312,890
7,408,571
4,904,319
6,916,077
2,590,412
4,325,665
326,982,549
130,065,766
196,916,783
160,449,882
35,379,589
125,070,293
404,152,514
168,466,959
209,198,058
49,535,981
The consolidated income statement for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, includes expenses in the amounts of ThCh$5,436,911, ThCh$3,790,971, and ThCh$4,958,760, respectively, of which ThCh$3,614,981 correspond to short-term lease payments in 2022 (ThCh$3,129,893 in 2021 and ThCh$3,334,241 in 2020) and ThCh$1,821,930 relate to leases with variable payment clauses in 2022 (ThCh$661,078 in 2021 and ThCh$1,624,519 in 2020), which are exempt from the application of IFRS 16 (see Note 3.f).
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, future payments derived from those contracts are detailed as follows:
1,371,547
2,797,608
The following are the components of income tax recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years 2022, 2021 and 2020:
Current Income Tax and Adjustments to Current Income Tax for Previous Periods
(Expense) / Current income tax
(394,133,842)
28,269,648
(155,196,656)
Adjustments to current tax from the previous period
(2,021,133)
(773,163)
3,694,656
(Expense) / Current tax (expenses) / benefit (related to cash flow hedges)
39,826,484
(109,882,227)
72,354,119
Other current tax benefit / (expense)
(98,646)
Current tax expense, net
(356,328,491)
(82,385,742)
(79,246,527)
Benefit / (expense) from deferred taxes for origination and reversal of temporary differences
(113,368,389)
67,247,084
160,551,634
Total deferred tax benefit / (expense)
Income tax (expense) / income
The following table shows the reconciliation of the tax rate as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
Reconciliation of Tax Expense
Tax Rate
Accounting income before tax
Total tax income (expense) using statutory rate
(27.00)
(480,243,781)
(27.00)%
(31,279,174)
27.00
36,096,825
Tax effect of rates applied in other countries
0.00
23,800
96,520
0.04
55,915
Tax effect of tax-exempt revenue and other positive effects impacting the effective rate
1.28
22,736,630
2.53%
2,931,159
31.79
42,501,879
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses for determining taxable profit (loss)
(3.20)
(56,916,018)
(10.49)%
(12,156,154)
(7.32)
(9,790,603)
Tax effect of adjustments to income taxes in previous periods
(0.11)
(0.67)%
2.76
Price level restatement for tax purposes (investments and equity)
2.63
46,723,622
22.48%
26,042,154
6.54
8,746,435
Total adjustments to tax expense using statutory rate
0.59
10,546,901
13.93%
16,140,516
33.82
45,208,282
Income tax benefit (expense)
(26.41)
(13.07)%
60.82
The main temporary differences are described below.
The origin of and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:
Assets
Deferred Tax Assets/(Liabilities)
Depreciations
29,734,809
(322,504,008)
79,595,812
(297,814,005)
Obligations for post-employment benefits
6,558,077
(226,762)
6,221,900
(65,201)
Tax loss
86,090,908
116,355,816
Provisions
105,031,784
(53,064)
104,211,997
Decommissioning Provision
51,516,840
50,001,807
Provision for Civil Contingencies
2,080,890
1,946,340
Provision for doubtful trade accounts
4,067,205
9,362,865
Provision of Human Resources accounts
11,372,224
11,902,160
Other Provisions
35,994,625
30,998,825
Other Deferred Taxes
54,518,180
(92,288,789)
19,147,266
(45,369,799)
Activation of expenses for issuance of financial debt
(19,635,737)
(11,282,929)
Gain from bargain purchase for tax purposes
(8,896,416)
(10,177,907)
Price-level Adjustment - Argentina
(11,526,750)
(2,160,549)
(52,229,886)
(21,748,414)
Deferred tax Assets/(Liabilities) before compensation
281,933,758
(415,072,623)
325,532,791
(343,249,005)
Compensation deferred taxes Assets/Liabilities
(216,056,129)
216,056,129
(145,832,055)
145,832,055
Deferred tax Assets/(Liabilities) after compensation
(199,016,494)
(197,416,950)
Movements
Recognized in others in comprehensive income
Net balance as of January 1, 2022
Recognized in profit or loss
Transfers to groups held for sale (i)
Foreign currency translation difference
Other increases(decreases)
Net balance as of December 31, 2022
(218,218,193)
(97,270,017)
16,843,366
5,875,645
(292,769,199)
6,156,699
(1,915,754)
119,179
(1,370)
6,331,315
(30,585,545)
320,637
5,047,821
(439,765)
236,460
(4,077,793)
104,978,720
1,524,224
(3,556)
(5,635)
134,550
(916,770)
(301,077)
(20)
(ii)
(455,741)
(135,132)
60,937
4,761,558
181,178
35,941,561
(26,222,533)
(491,425)
(1,088,372)
(9,968,280)
(37,770,609)
Capitalization of expenses for issuance of financial debt
(8,352,808)
1,314,278
(32,787)
Price-level adjustment - Argentina
1,325,126
(1,055,585)
(9,635,742)
(2,601,148)
5,221,979
(332,538)
2,288,294
Deferred tax Assets/(Liabilities)
(17,716,214)
(125,214,920)
1,972,562
5,343,000
(14,046,073)
(133,138,865)
Net balance as of January 1, 2021
Otherincreases(decreases)
Net balance as of December 31, 2021
(194,623,383)
13,724,680
(37,319,490)
9,575,177
(48,778)
18,232
46,518,690
52,345,977
17,491,149
91,579,562
12,215,102
417,333
51,513,634
(2,132,573)
620,746
3,991,087
(2,044,747)
12,544,171
(3,189,704)
8,398
8,605,410
3,067,041
229,709
14,925,260
16,515,085
(441,520)
(13,093,663)
(10,989,897)
(709,383)
(1,429,582)
(10,691,535)
(591,394)
(3,145,494)
(404,762)
(6,627,651)
(1,015,095)
284,128
(1,387,033)
(7,537,137)
(304,621)
6,627,651
(60,043,617)
(3,387,940)
(20,102,159)
(i) See Note 5.
(ii) This item corresponds to a reclassification of balances, from Deferred Tax Assets to Recoverable Taxes, due to a higher tax expense for the purposes of closing the 2022 tax return. This higher tax expense is related to higher write-off of trade receivables. The documentation that guarantees tax compliance with these trade receivables was completed during the first quarter of this year.
Recovery of deferred tax assets will depend on whether sufficient taxable profits are obtained in the future. The Company’s Management believes that the future profit projections for its subsidiaries will allow these assets to be recovered.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Group has accounted for all deferred tax assets associated with its tax losses (See Note 3.p).
Concerning temporary differences related to investments in consolidated entities and certain joint ventures, the Group has not recognized deferred tax liabilities associated with undistributed profits, in which the position of control exercised by the Group over such consolidated entities allows it to manage the time of their reversal, and it is estimated that they will not be reversed in the near future. The total amount of these taxable temporary differences, for which no deferred tax liabilities have been recognized as of December 31, 2022, amounts to ThCh$1,029,815,247 (ThCh$1,232,849,769 as of December 31, 2021). Additionally, no deferred tax assets have been recorded in relation to the deductible temporary differences associated with investments in consolidated entities and certain joint ventures. Such temporary differences are not expected to be reversed in the foreseeable future or tax gains will not be available for their use. As of December 31, 2022, such deductible temporary differences amount to ThCh$1,373,836,286 (ThCh$1,433,966,263 as of December 31,2021).
The Group companies are potentially subject to income tax audits by the tax authorities of each country in which the Group operates. Such tax audits are limited to a number of annual tax periods and once these have expired, audits of these periods can no longer be performed. Tax audits by nature are often complex and can require several years to complete. Tax years potentially subject to examination are 2018 to 2021.
Given the range of possible interpretations of tax standards, the results of any future inspections carried out by tax authorities for the years subject to audit can give rise to tax liabilities that cannot currently be quantified objectively. Nevertheless, the Company’s Management estimates that the liabilities, if any, that may arise from such audits, would not significantly impact the Group companies’ future results.
The effects of deferred taxes on the components of other comprehensive income attributable to both controlling and non-controlling interests for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:
Deferred Income Tax Effects on the Components of Other Comprehensive Income
Amount BeforeTax
Income TaxExpense (Benefit)
Amount AfterTax
Financial assets at fair value with movements in other comprehensive income
(6,661)
Cash flow hedge
147,505,497
107,679,013
(406,971,212)
(297,088,985)
267,540,328
194,799,209
Foreign currency translation
Actuarial gains(losses) on defined-benefit pension plans
(5,332,196)
9,159,966
(6,237,324)
Income tax related to components of otherincome and expenses with a charge or credit in equity
(37,853,922)
106,494,287
(70,430,145)
The following table shows the reconciliation of deferred tax movements between balance sheet and income taxes in other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
Deferred taxes of components of other comprehensive income
Total increases (decreases) for deferred taxes of other comprehensive income from continuing operations
1,923,974
Income tax of movements in cash flow hedge transactions
(72,354,119)
Total income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income
F-99
20. OTHER FINANCIAL LIABILITIES.
The balance of other financial liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:
Other financial liabilities
Interest –bearing borrowings
55,977,988
75,182,769
2,138,411,462
1,868,805,671
Hedging derivatives (*)
7,593,354
11,647,944
45,391,794
72,386,037
Non-hedging derivatives (**)
4,948,441
1,509,177
682,670
(*) See Note 23.2.a
(**) See Note 23.2.b
The detail of current and non-current interest-bearing borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:
Classes of Interest-bearing borrowings
Secured bank loans
700,871
25,389,270
251,622,840
Unsecured bank loans
926,860
210,122
213,543,720
210,558,388
Unsecured obligations with the public
54,350,257
49,583,377
1,673,244,902
1,658,247,283
Bank borrowings by currency and contractual maturity as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:
EffectiveInterest
Nominal Interest
Secured /Unsecured
Onetothreemonths
Threetotwelvemonths
Total Current
Oneto two years
Twotothreeyears
Threetofouryears
Fourtofiveyears
MorethanFiveYears
TotalNon-Current
Rate
5.08%
Yes
20,968,571
230,654,269
3.04%
No
4.36%
595
926,182
926,777
42,616,261
42,548,459
128,379,000
678
1,627,053
1,627,731
465,166,560
Effective Interest
Secured / Unsecured
One to three months
Three to twelvemonths
One to two years
Two to three years
Three to four years
Four to five years
More than Five Years
Total Non-Current
1.50%
6.00%
1.11%
1.02%
210,119
41,944,576
41,910,312
126,703,500
25,599,389
25,599,392
Fair value measurement and hierarchy
The fair value of current and non-current bank borrowings as of December 31, 2022, is ThCh$448,681,529 (ThCh$236,395,400 as of December 31, 2021). The borrowings have been categorized as Level 2 fair value measurement based on the entry data used in the valuation techniques (see Note 3.h).
TaxpayerID
FinancialInstitution
EffectiveInterestRate
NominalInterestRate
TypeofAmortization
Secured
Lessthan90daysThCh$
Morethan90daysThCh$
TotalCurrentThCh$
OnetotwoyearsThCh$
TwotothreeyearsThCh$
ThreetofouryearsThCh$
FourtofiveyearsThCh$
MorethanfiveyearsThCh$
Non-currentThCh$
97.036.000-k
Banco Santander (Overdraft facility)
Upon expiration
Inter-American Development Bank (BID)
USA
97.018.000-1
Overdraft facility (Banco Scotiabank)
76.536.353-5
Banco Santander
5.22%
24,825
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp.NY
5.70%
318,451
6.29%
582,906
Luxembourg
5.17%
Annual
314,835
2,852,867
31,381,533
34,234,400
5.28%
80,276
713,217
7,845,383
8,558,600
4.79%
305,760
17,402,487
191,427,353
208,829,840
Commitment fee (Scotiabank)
0.09%
Quarterly
Commitment fee (BBVA ES)
0.25%
Lessthan90yearsThCh$
Morethan90yearsThCh$
OnetothreeyearsThCh$
1,991
73,007
135,121
F-101
The detail of unsecured liabilities by currency and maturity as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:
NominalInterest
Lessthan90days
Morethan90days
TotalCurrent
Onetotwoyears
Morethanfiveyears
8,801,651
5,273,643
14,075,294
341,190,623
175,773,904
930,723,093
1,447,687,620
6.01%
5.48%
40,274,963
39,222,125
68,668,782
225,557,282
45,548,606
380,412,748
214,996,029
999,391,875
Less than 90 days
8,686,780
5,204,817
13,891,597
335,926,442
1,089,748,792
1,425,675,234
35,691,780
34,620,562
94,089,801
232,572,049
40,896,597
370,547,004
1,183,838,593
Financial Institution
TotalNon-CurrentThCh$
BNY Mellon - First issuance S-1
8.00%
7.87%
5,781,737
5,706,279
173,387,986
BNY Mellon - First issuance S-2
8.80%
7.33%
1,848,884
59,583,109
1,824,754
58,776,668
BNY Mellon - First issuance S-3
8.68%
8.13%
1,171,030
29,207,740
1,155,747
28,755,477
BNY Mellon - Single 24296
4.67%
4.25%
3,071,586
3,031,498
Banco Santander -317 Series-H
7.17%
Biannual
7,889,718
7,303,084
5,728,650
34,940,986
7,047,198
6,446,281
10,683,388
36,468,512
Banco Santander 522 Series-M
4.85%
32,385,245
31,919,041
62,940,132
190,616,296
28,644,582
28,174,281
83,406,413
196,103,537
BNY Mellon - Single
5.24%
4.88%
2,202,057
841,932,244
2,173,319
828,828,661
Total Unsecured Bonds
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no secured bonds.
The fair value of the current and non-current secured and unsecured liabilities as of December 31, 2022, was ThCh$1,785,501,986 (ThCh$2,008,803,043 as of December 31, 2021). These liabilities have been categorized as Level 2 (See Note 3.h). It is important to note that these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost (See Note 3.g.4).
The debt denominated in U.S. dollars equivalent to ThCh$1,170,026,521 held by the Group as of December 31, 2022, is related to future cash flow hedges for the Group’s U.S. dollar-linked operating revenues (ThCh$2,379,556,771 as of December 31, 2021) (see Note 3.g.5).
The following table details changes in “Reserve for cash flow hedges” as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, due to exchange differences:
Balance in hedge reserves (income hedge) at the beginning of the year net
(281,553,799)
(60,345,663)
(189,813,409)
Exchange differences recorded in equity net
(79,982,722)
(248,168,691)
98,288,849
Allocation of exchange differences to income net
47,855,413
26,960,555
31,178,897
Balance in hedge reserves (income hedge) at the end of the year net
(313,681,107)
As of December 31, 2022, the Group has unconditional long-term lines of credit of ThCh$333,551,000 (ThCh$118,469,000 as of December 31, 2021).
20.6 Future Undiscounted debt flows.
The following tables are the estimates of undiscounted flows by type of financial debt:
TotalNon-current
4.72%
4,440,158
13,320,472
17,760,630
59,969,992
59,381,559
164,416,712
32,155,498
264,985,598
580,909,359
698,527
27,612,245
28,310,772
2,410,877
44,943,858
44,801,951
129,494,530
221,651,216
4,440,161
17,760,633
698,530
28,310,775
20,115,546
60,346,639
80,462,185
411,183,992
65,374,889
228,729,357
1,213,353,136
1,984,016,263
20,108,083
60,324,249
80,432,332
411,026,050
65,350,879
1,441,550,517
2,063,710,657
3,438,027
48,772,585
52,210,612
50,193,204
48,175,796
46,158,387
44,140,978
76,708,509
265,376,874
3,524,020
44,954,298
48,478,318
46,675,021
44,871,725
43,068,428
41,265,131
108,039,559
283,919,864
23,553,573
109,119,224
132,672,797
461,377,196
113,550,685
111,533,276
272,870,335
1,290,061,645
2,249,393,137
23,632,103
105,278,547
128,910,650
127,107,353
455,897,775
108,419,307
106,616,010
1,549,590,076
2,347,630,521
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of lease liabilities is as follows:
Lease liability
12-31-2022ThCh$
12-31-2021ThCh$
21.1. Individualization of Lease Liabilities
Maturiry
Taxpayer IDNumber
Less than90 daysThCh$
Morethan 90daysThCh$
One totwoyearsThCh$
Two tothreeyearsThCh$
Three tofouryearsThCh$
Four tofiveyearsThCh$
Morethan fiveyearsThCh$
76.555.400-4
Transelec S.A.
6.50%
Monthly
838,089
5,234,124
6,072,213
776,668
2,404,736
3,181,404
5,992,962
10.579.624-2
Marcelo Alberto Amar Basulto
2.06%
3,260
17,450
20,710
23,685
24,173
24,669
25,176
185,955
283,658
4,933
15,092
20,025
20,485
20,906
21,337
21,775
184,656
269,159
91.004.000-6
Productos Fernandez S.A.
2.09%
10,952
32,810
43,762
44,546
45,478
46,429
47,399
373,619
557,471
16,794
28,366
45,160
38,515
39,320
40,142
40,982
368,423
527,382
61.216.000-7
Empresa de Ferrocarriles del Estado
1.07%
1,847
78.392.580-K
Agricola el Bagual Ltda.
1.91%
1,456
1,285
636
99.527.200-8
Rentaequipos Tramaca S.A.
0.83%
144,460
96.565.580-8
Compañía de Leasing Tattersall S A.
11,529
10,176
8.992.234-8
Roberto Guzman Borquez
1.37%
1,003
1,129
247
1,114
1,485
1,377
19.048.130-1
Yaritza Alexandra Bernal
303
1,260
1,563
409
1,232
1,641
1,525
96.643.660-3
Inmobiliaria El Roble S.A.
1.41%
5,757
5,097
70.015.730-K
Mutual de Seguros de Chile
19,472
59,430
78,902
80,565
82,103
76,188
238,856
23,270
51,474
74,744
69,779
71,113
72,470
61,449
274,811
76.596.523-3
Capital Investi
15,908
48,584
64,492
65,861
67,119
62,285
195,265
19,090
42,080
61,170
57,044
58,134
59,244
50,235
224,657
76.253.641-2
Bcycle Latam S.P.A
6.24%
99,528
18,825
79,717
17,719
36,544
76.203.089-6
Rentas Inmobiliarias Amanecer S.A.
2.84%
15,139
44,972
60,111
62,086
15,912
77,998
5,013
4,754
9,767
61.219.000-3
Empresa de Transporte de Pasajeros Metro S.A.
5.99%
333,555
75,686
80,216
85,018
90,107
690,878
1,021,905
234,086
70,479
74,698
79,169
83,908
735,553
1,043,807
Compañia de Leasing Tattersall S. A.
1.08%
13,245
457,380
285,436
742,816
31,728
76.013.489-9
Inversiones Don Issa Ltda.
1.77%
201,001
80,152
281,153
95,842
37,307
133,149
98,029
115,211
213,240
109,492
77,991
32,930
220,413
99.530.420-1
Inmobiliaria Nialem S.A.
0.40%
52,217
156,955
209,172
210,003
52,631
262,634
45,910
137,991
183,901
184,630
185,366
46,457
416,453
76.164.095-K
Inmobiliaria Mixto Renta Spa
3.78%
31,854
96,080
127,934
10,849
9,607
61.402.000-8
Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales
2.99%
2,101,460
7,156,814
9,258,274
3,607,599
3,579,837
3,692,707
3,810,023
180,754,898
195,445,064
1,642,921
1,941,762
3,584,683
2,866,968
2,914,858
2,964,390
3,015,619
107,161,591
118,923,426
76.400.311-K
Fundo Los Buenos Aires SpA
2.54%
121,131
89,622
91,899
94,234
96,629
1,503,967
1,876,351
250,639
77,502
79,471
81,490
83,561
1,419,297
1,741,321
3.750.131-K
Federico Rioseco Garcia
4.94%
36,953
8,591
9,015
9,460
9,928
213,406
250,400
16,532
7,259
7,618
7,994
8,389
198,038
229,298
3.750.132-8
Juan Rioseco Garcia
22,963
11,329
11,888
12,476
13,093
261,071
309,857
21,470
9,572
10,045
10,542
11,063
242,741
283,963
4.595.479-K
Adriana Castro Parra
75,539
18,465
19,378
20,336
21,342
395,302
474,823
74,019
15,602
16,374
17,183
18,033
369,450
436,642
77.378.630-5
Agricola Santa Amalia
33,399
33,913
77.894.990-3
Orafti Chile S.A.
25,055
8,797
9,233
9,689
10,168
199,524
237,411
16,954
7,434
7,801
8,187
8,592
186,308
218,322
78.201.750-0
Sociedad Agricola Parant
112,261
55,829
58,589
61,486
64,526
1,324,643
1,565,073
107,386
47,172
49,504
51,952
54,521
1,231,819
1,434,968
5.02%
1,043,226
209,571
220,089
231,135
242,735
2,076,728
2,980,258
1,050,760
209,159
219,656
230,680
242,258
2,431,078
3,332,831
76.259.106-5
Inmobiliaria Terra Australis Tres S.A.
6.39%
67,213
24,583
91,796
50,505
52,343
54,247
56,221
1,305,833
1,519,149
85,721
21,033
106,754
43,211
44,784
46,414
48,103
1,207,776
1,390,288
79.938.160-5
Soc. Serv. Com. Multiservice F.L.
2.94%
77,088
46,997
48,378
49,800
51,264
1,102,981
1,299,420
76,729
40,483
41,673
42,898
44,159
1,023,505
1,192,718
76.064.627-K
Fortestal Danco
2.42%
69,487
37,734
38,646
39,580
40,536
2,059,587
2,216,083
68,355
32,670
34,268
35,097
1,862,245
1,997,740
99.576.780-5
Inversiones e Inmobiliaria Itraque S.A.
4.35%
104,715
122,167
76.152.312-0
Sociedad Agricola El Futuro Huerto Limitada
104,970
2,414,316
2,834,196
96.629.120-6
Agricola Esmeralda
50,365
15,217
16,014
16,852
17,735
1,665,050
1,730,868
84.810.200-8
Huertos Carmen Sociedad Agrícola Limitada
3.56%
23,269
5,355
Parque Eólico Talinay Oriente S.A.
76.248.317-3
Agricola Alto Talinay
4.61%
405,871
249,914
261,435
273,487
286,095
2,408,039
3,478,970
427,121
250,397
261,940
274,015
286,647
2,823,778
3,896,777
0.10%
3,288
4,339
4,338
8,677
239,398
735,554
1,043,808
Total Leasing
4,469,429
14,551,207
4,381,071
6,723,947
21.2. Undiscounted debt cash flows.
Nominal Interest Rate
Three to twelve months
5.35%
929,732
5,585,516
6,515,248
169,484
137,273
137,063
150,852
882,065
1,476,737
930,191
3,228,385
4,158,576
6,452,784
281,183
270,895
260,606
1,714,465
8,979,933
4.82%
445,609
843,610
813,686
783,763
753,839
2,081,974
5,276,872
418,674
660,889
638,249
615,610
592,971
2,145,489
4,653,208
2.96%
3,303,831
12,202,205
15,506,036
14,971,118
14,502,444
14,159,140
13,784,036
304,466,585
361,883,323
3,269,537
5,810,978
9,080,515
9,570,650
9,401,180
9,063,780
8,792,850
189,317,356
226,145,816
3.81%
100,844
18,975
119,819
15,421
74,988
1,142
76,130
22,841
20,252
43,093
4,780,016
17,806,696
22,586,712
15,999,633
15,453,403
15,079,966
14,688,727
307,430,624
368,652,353
4,693,390
9,040,505
13,733,895
16,707,164
10,340,864
9,950,285
9,646,427
193,177,310
239,822,050
The Group companies follow the guidelines of the Risk Management Control System (SCGR) defined at the Holding level (Enel S.p.A.), which establishes rules for managing risks through the respective standards, procedures, systems, etc., applicable to the different levels of the Group companies, in the business risk identification, analysis, evaluation, treatment, and communication processes the business addresses on a continuous basis. These guidelines are approved by the Enel S.p.A. Board of Directors, which includes a Risk and Controls Committee responsible for supporting the Enel Chile Board’s evaluation and decisions regarding internal control and risk management system, as well as those related to the approval of periodic financial statements.
To comply with the guidelines, each company has its own specific Control Management and Risk Management policy, which is reviewed and approved at the beginning of each year by the Enel Chile Board of Directors, observing and applying all local requirements in terms of the risk culture.
The Company seeks protection against all risks that could affect the achievement of the business objectives. The Enel Group has a risk taxonomy for the entire Group which considers 6 risk macro-categories: financial; strategic; governance and culture; digital technology; compliance; and operational; and 38 risk sub-categories to identify, analyze, assess, evaluate, treat, monitor and communicate their risks.
The Enel Group risk management system considers three lines of action (defense) to obtain effective and efficient risk management and controls. Each of these three “lines” plays a different role within the organization’s broader governance structure (Business and Internal Control areas acting as the first line, Risk Control as the second line, and Internal Audit as the third line of defense). Each line of defense has the obligation to report to and keep senior management and the Directors up-to-date on risk management. In this sense, the first and second lines of defense report to the senior management, and the second and third lines report to the Directors.
Within each of the Group’s companies, the risk management is decentralized. Each manager responsible for the operating process in which the risk arises is also responsible for treating the risk and adopting risk control and mitigating measures.
Changes in interest rates affect the fair value of assets and liabilities bearing fixed interest rates, as well as the expected future cash flows of assets and liabilities subject to floating interest rates.
The objective of managing interest rate risk exposure is to achieve a balance in the debt structure to minimize the cost of debt with reduced volatility in profit or loss.
The Group’s financial debt structure per fixed and/or hedged interest rate on gross, net of hedging derivative instruments engaged, is as follows:
Fixed interest rate
84%
82%
This ratio only considers debt transactions between third parties and Enel Finance International, if any.
Depending on the Group’s estimates and the objectives of the debt structure, hedging transactions are performed by entering into derivative contracts to mitigate these risks.
Risk control through specific processes and indicators allows companies to limit possible adverse financial impacts and, at the same time, optimize the debt structure with an adequate degree of flexibility.
It is public knowledge that LIBOR will be gradually discontinued by June 30, 2023, and the market consensus is that it will be substituted by the SOFR reference rate, which is a risk-free rate.
The Enel Chile Group has analyzed the potential impacts of this reform, which includes an identification of the contracts affected, an analysis of relevant clauses, and a work plan to adapt and update the documentation to new market standards. Additionally, in order to anticipate for this reform, all new financial operations signed by Enel Chile have been governed by the new SOFR reference interest rate.
However, this does not eliminate some potential risks inherent to the new reference rate adaptation process, such as a potential increase or decrease in the post-change interest rate, risk related to the availability of new rate data, operational risk derived from the need to adapt our new systems to the new reference, etc.
As of December 31, 2022, our total exposure to LIBOR debt is US$ 540 million (ThCh$462,164,400) and includes allowances for the transition from LIBOR to an alternative reference rate. Additionally, we have coverage through derivative instruments that reference LIBOR and mature after June 2023, in the amount of US$ 50 millions (ThCh$42,793,000), considering transition provisions according to the market standard.
Exchange rate risks involve basically the following transactions:
In order to mitigate foreign currency risk, the Group’s foreign currency risk management policy is based on cash flows and includes maintaining a balance between U.S. dollar flows and the levels of assets and liabilities denominated in such currency. The objective is to minimize the exposure to variability in cash flows that are attributable to foreign exchange risk.
The hedging instruments currently being used to comply with the policy are currency swaps and forward exchange contracts.
During the fourth quarter of 2022, exchange rate risk management continued in the context of complying with the aforementioned risk management policy, without difficulty to access the derivatives market.
The Group has a risk exposure to price fluctuations in certain commodities, basically due to:
To reduce the risk in situations of extreme drought, the Group has designed a commercial policy that defines the levels of sales commitments in line with the capacity of its generating power plants in a dry year. It also includes risk mitigation terms in certain contracts with unregulated customers and with regulated customers subject to long-term tender processes, establishing indexation polynomials that allow for reducing commodities exposure risk.
Considering the operating conditions faced by the power generation market, with drought and highly volatile commodity prices on international markets, the Company is constantly evaluating the use of hedging to minimize the impacts that these price fluctuations have on its results.
As of December 31, 2022, there were Brent hedges on purchases for 450 Kbbl to be settled in 2023. There were also two hedges on gas commodities: a) the 2.7 TBtu HH Swap on sales to be settled in 2023; and b) the 18.9
TBtu HH Future on purchases to be settled in 2023. There was also a hedge on purchases of 175.6 kTon of coal to be settled in 2023. As of December 31, 2021, there were Brent hedges on 1,930 Kbbl to be settled in 2022 and HH hedges on 9.1 TBtu to be settled in 2022.
Depending on the Group’s permanently updated operating conditions, these hedges may be modified, or include other commodities.
Thanks to the mitigation strategies implemented, the Group was able to minimize the effects of the volatility of commodity prices on the results of the fourth quarter of 2022.
The Group maintains a liquidity risk management policy that consists of entering into long-term committed banking facilities and temporary financial investments for amounts that cover the projected needs over a period of time that is determined based on the situation and expectations for debt and capital markets.
Despite having negative working capital at the end of 2022, the Company has the capacity to overcome this situation and mitigate the risk through its liquidity risk policy and actions described herein.
The projected needs mentioned above include maturities of financial debt net of financial derivatives. For further details regarding the features and conditions of financial obligations and financial derivatives see Notes 20, 21 and 23.
As of December 31, 2022, the Group recorded liquidity in the amount of ThCh$875,213,699 in cash and cash equivalents and ThCh$333,551,000 in unconditionally available long-term lines of credit. As of December 31, 2021, the Group recorded liquidity of ThCh$309,975,140 in cash and cash equivalents and ThCh$118,469,000 in unconditionally available long-term lines of credit.
The Group closely monitors its credit risk.
Trade receivables:
Regarding the credit risk of our electricity generation line of business, related to trade receivables, this risk is historically very limited because the customer collection period is short, accordingly, no significant individual amounts are accumulated before the service is shut-off due to late payment, according to contract conditions. For this reason, credit risk is continuously monitored, measuring the maximum amounts exposed to payment risk which is very limited.
For our electricity distribution company, it has the power to shut-off supply in the event of customer default, which is applied in accordance with current regulations and facilitates the process to evaluate and control credit risk, which is also limited. However, on August 8, 2020, Law 21,249 on Basic Services was published and during 2021 two extensions to this Law 21,249 were published, which provide exceptional measures on behalf of end users of water, electricity and gas services. The regulation established, up to December 31, 2021, the prohibition to shut off services for residential customers (as well as hospitals, healthcare centers, orphanages and retirement homes, non-profit organizations, micro companies, among others). In February 2022, Law No. 21,423 established a payment schedule for all debts arising from the application of Law No. 21. 249 and its extensions, i.e., for debts incurred in the period March 18, 2020, through December 31, 2021, for customers with an average 2021 consumption of less than 250 kWh and who have debt from the period indicated above through February 11, 2022, through which each customer will receive a subsidy in 48 equal monthly installments, with a maximum limit equivalent to 15% of their average monthly billing for the year 2021.
The debt balance that cannot be covered in 48 installments will be absorbed in part (50%) by the company, and the rest will be applied to distribution rates in the pricing process after the 48 installments (installment 49). The collection system started on August 1, 2022. According to circular No. 140129 of September 30, 2022, the customer no longer completely loses its subsidy if its account is not up-to-date, but will lose the monthly subsidy when the account has not been paid 45 days after the due date of the first document in which the subsidy was charged. Therefore, only the proportional installment will be charged as the previous balance until the customer's situation is corrected.
The Group's portfolio shows, to date, resilience in the face of the global pandemic crisis. This is due to strengthening digital collection channels and solid diversification of commercial customers that have had low exposure to the impact of COVID.
Financial assets:
Cash surpluses are invested in the highest-rated local and foreign financial thresholds established for each entity.
Banks that have received investment grade ratings from the three major international rating agencies (Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch) are selected for making investments.
Investments may be supported through Chilean treasury bonds and/or commercial paper issued by the highest rated banks; the latter are preferable as they offer higher returns (always in line with current investment policies).
The Group measures the Value at Risk (VaR) of its debt positions and financial derivatives in order to monitor the risk assumed by the Company, thereby reducing volatility in the income statement.
The portfolio of positions included for purposes of calculating the present VaR include:
The VaR determined represents the potential variation in value of the portfolio of positions described above in a quarter with a 95% confidence level. To determine the VaR, we take into account the volatility of the risk variables affecting the value of the portfolio of positions, including:
The calculation of VaR is based on generating possible future scenarios (at one quarter) of market values of the risk variables based on scenarios based on real observations for the same period (at one quarter) during five years.
The quarter 95% confidence VaR number is calculated as the 5% percentile most adverse of the quarterly possible fluctuations.
Taking into consideration the assumptions previously described, the quarter VaR of the previously discussed positions was ThCh$602,754,498.
This value represents the potential increase of the Debt and Derivatives’ Portfolio, thus these VaR are inherently related, among other factors, to the Portfolio’s value at each quarter end.
22.1 Financial instruments classified by type and category
Financial assets at fair value through results
Financialderivativesfor hedging
Equity instruments
Trade and other accounts receivable
1,602,605,620
Derivative instruments
1,902,642
162,288,499
Other financial assets
1,602,762,393
162,416,353
Total Non-current
1,923,024
2,293,910,038
164,742,862
59,711,536
730,524,889
3,613,470
14,620,453
730,643,436
14,748,307
522,134,341
1,252,777,777
17,106,450
40,605,859
Financial liabilities at fair value through results
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
Financial liabilities at fair value through other comprehensive income
Financial derivativesfor hedging
Interest-bearing loans
Trade and other accounts payable
2,632,538,771
14,965,265
46,937,977
2,707,537,395
1,455,405,575
3,810,481,956
6,518,019,351
52,985,148
1,978,051,397
3,843,088
3,396,389
11,647,943
2,064,339,184
1,479,456,509
3,496,819,239
4,525,758
5,561,158,423
84,033,980
The carrying value of trade receivables and payables approximates their fair value.
The risk management policy of the Group uses primarily interest rate and foreign exchange rate derivatives to hedge its exposure to interest rate and foreign currency risks.
The Company classifies its hedges as follows:
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, financial derivative qualifying as hedging instruments resulted in recognition of the following assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position:
Interest rate hedge:
21,188
2,629,290
432,151
6,532,657
Exchange rate hedge:
2,209,599
54,851,459
36,588,771
5,115,286
Hedging derivative instruments and their corresponding hedged instruments are shown in the following table:
Fair value of
Type of
hedged item
hedge
of hedged
instrument
risk
item
risk hedged
SWAP
Exchange rate
Unsecured Obligations (Bonds)
8,260,069
(37,402,977)
Cash flow
Interest rate
Loans with Related Companies
2,650,478
(6,100,506)
FORWARD
Operational Income
2,606,439
(4,285,349)
Property, plant & equipment investment
(1,592,476)
3,278,444
(5,198,122)
1,082,267
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Group has not recognized significant gains or losses for ineffective cash flow hedges.
At the reporting date, the Group did not establish fair value hedging relationships.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, financial derivative transactions recognized at fair value through profit or loss resulted in the recognition of the following liabilities in the statement of financial position:
CurrentAssets
CurrentLiabilities
Non-CurrentAssets
Non-CurrentLiabilities
Non-hedging derivative instrument
These derivative instruments correspond to forward contracts entered into by the Group, the purpose of which is to hedge the exchange rate risk related to future obligations arising from civil works contracts linked to the construction of the Los Cóndores Plant. Although these hedges have an economic substance, they do not qualify for hedge accounting because they do not strictly comply with the hedge accounting requirements established in IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.
F-112
The following table sets forth the fair value of hedging and non-hedging derivatives entered into by the Group as well as the remaining contractual maturities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Notional Amount
Fair value
Less than 1 year
1-2 years
2-3 years
3-4 years
4-5 years
Financial derivatives
42,793,000
4,075,910
322,052,096
364,502,500
53,674,459
740,229,055
Derivatives not designated for hedge accounting
(3,913,257)
480,643,867
409,241
481,053,108
2,813,131
802,695,963
407,704,741
1,264,075,163
337,876,000
42,234,500
380,110,500
(37,327,615)
264,384,743
110,432,048
344,081,268
53,306,308
772,204,367
(1,981,770)
26,610,132
10,387,480
339,050
37,336,662
(45,409,891)
628,870,875
120,819,528
386,654,818
1,189,651,529
The notional amount of the contracts entered into does not represent the risk assumed by the Group, as this amount only relates to the basis on which the derivative settlement calculations are made.
F-113
23.3 Fair value hierarchies
Financial instruments recognized at fair value in the consolidated statement of financial position are classified based on the hierarchies described in Note 3.h.
The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Fair Value Measured at End of Reporting Period Using:
Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Financial derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Financial derivatives not designated for hedge accounting
1,035,184
Derivatives of commodities designated as non-hedging of cash flow at fair value through profit or loss
887,840
Derivatives of commodities designated as cash flow hedges at fair value through other comprehensive income
162,288,498
Equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income
2,454,363
226,377,421
224,050,912
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives of commodities designated as cash flow hedges at fair value through profit or loss
10,016,824
114,888,390
3,403,393
2,485,997
61,325,779
58,967,636
2,191,847
2,333,911
91,956,127
The detail of trade and other current payables as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
Trade payables
Energy suppliers (1)
504,236,945
237,889,432
308,013,985
175,580,989
Fuel and gas suppliers
236,836,190
86,288,004
Payables for goods and services
354,236,627
193,170,873
487
Payables for assets acquisition
443,512,746
396,820,422
161,040
3,730,996
Subtotal Trade Payables
1,538,822,508
914,168,731
308,175,512
179,312,472
Other Payables
Dividends payable to third parties
150,050,339
18,090,436
Accounts payables to employees
43,184,467
39,207,096
Other payables
11,835,595
6,858,224
133,350
84,940
Subtotal other current payables
205,070,401
64,155,756
(1)The non-current portion shows delays in payments for energy purchases of ThCh$308,013,985 as of December 31, 2022, and ThCh$174,373,938 as of December 31, 2021, generated by the temporary electric power pricing stabilization mechanism for customers subject to price regulation, as established in Law No. 21,185 (see Note 9).
The description of the liquidity risk management policy is detailed in Note 22.4.
The details of trade payables, both current and past due as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are presented in Appendix 3.
Provision for legal proceedings (1)
1,386,074
1,264,710
15,718,485
13,149,618
Decommissioning or restoration (2)
19,307,862
13,375,095
172,703,975
173,341,364
Other provisions (3)
2,208,070
5,116,512
1,047,783
7,621,732
The expected timing and amount of any cash outflows related to the above provisions is uncertain and depends on the resolution of specific matters related to each one. For example, specifically for litigation, this depends on the final resolution of the corresponding legal claim. Management believes that provisions recognized in the financial statements cover the related risks appropriately.
LegalProceedings
Decommissioning orRestoration
Environmental Issues and Other Provisions
Movements in Provisions
Balance as of January 1, 2022
14,414,328
186,716,459
12,738,244
213,869,031
Increase (decrease) in existing provisions (1)
11,224,282
11,059,100
(1,697,843)
20,585,539
Provisions used
(7,178,867)
(16,548,540)
(7,250,696)
(30,978,103)
Reversal of unused provision
(1,300,906)
Increase from adjustment to time value of money (2)
11,338,594
Conversion Difference Foreign Currency Exchange
(54,278)
(72,347)
8,032
(118,593)
Other Increase (Decrease) (3)
(481,429)
(541,884)
(1,023,313)
Total movements in provisions
2,690,231
5,295,378
(9,482,391)
(1,496,782)
17,104,559
192,011,837
3,255,853
212,372,249
16,335,174
191,867,939
5,473,362
213,676,475
Increase (decrease) in existing provisions (4)
6,006,400
(3,197,115)
7,856,556
10,665,841
(1,999,269)
(2,782,780)
(623,019)
(5,405,068)
(6,378,072)
(1,672,021)
483,048
2,605,855
33,882
3,122,785
Other Increase (Decrease)
(32,953)
(105,419)
(2,537)
(140,909)
(1,920,846)
(5,151,480)
7,264,882
192,556
26. POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS.
26.1 General information:
Enel Chile and certain subsidiaries granted various post-employment benefits to either all or certain active or retired employees. These benefits are calculated and recognized in the financial statements according to the criteria described in Note 3.m.1, and include primarily the following:
Defined benefit plans:
26.2 Details, changes and presentation in financial statements:
Employee severance indemnities
42,264,281
39,469,461
Complementary Pension
14,971,439
14,349,089
Health Plans
2,545,406
2,459,163
Energy Supply Plans
2,918,289
2,673,873
Total post-employment obligations, net
Expense Recognized in
Comprehensive Income
Cost of current defined benefit plan service
(1,362,838)
(1,099,554)
(2,132,231)
Defined benefit plan interest cost (1)
(3,072,155)
(1,818,983)
(2,146,386)
Past service cost
(31,456)
Expenses recognized in Profit or Loss
(4,466,449)
(2,918,537)
(4,278,617)
Gains (losses) from remeasurement of defined benefit plans
Total expense recognized in the Statement of Comprehensive Income
(11,771,206)
9,629,361
(12,824,451)
(1) See Note 34
Actuarial Value of Post-employment Obligations
75,538,265
Current service cost
1,099,554
Interest cost
1,818,983
Actuarial (gains) losses from changes in financial assumptions
(14,628,751)
Actuarial (gains) losses from changes in experience adjustments
2,080,853
141,342
Contributions paid
(7,265,904)
Transfer of employees
167,244
1,362,838
3,072,155
749,038
6,555,719
1,274
Past service cost of defined benefit plan obligation
31,456
Decreases to be classified as held for sale (1)
(1,440,044)
(6,890,911)
306,304
Closing balance December 31, 2022
(1)See Note 5.
26.3 Other disclosures:
December 31, 2022 and 2021, the following assumptions were used in the actuarial calculation of defined benefit plans:
Discount rates used
5.40%
5.60%
Expected rate of salary increases
3.80%
Turnover rate
6.90%
Mortality tables
CB-H-2014 and RV-M-2014
As of December 31, 2022, the sensitivity of the value of the actuarial liability for post-employment benefits to variations of 100 basis points in the discount rate assumes a decrease of ThCh$3,962,426 (ThCh$3,746,630 as of December 31, 2021) if the rate rises and an increase of ThCh$4,395,042 (ThCh$4,085,134 as of December 31, 2021) if the rate falls.
According to the available estimate, the disbursements foreseen to cover the defined benefit plans for 2022 amount to ThCh$7,299,923.
Enel Chile´s obligations have a weighted average length of 7.04 years and the outflows of benefits for the next 10 years is expected to be as follows:
Years
7,299,923
6,126,642
6,040,121
5,747,857
5,647,068
6 to 10
27,966,288
27.1.Equity attributable to the owners of Enel Chile
27.1.1. Subscribed and paid capital and number of shares
The issued capital of Enel Chile for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, is ThCh$3,882,103,470 divided into 69,166,557,220 authorized, subscribed, and paid shares. All shares issued by the Company are subscribed and paid. Enel Chile’s common stock is traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange (Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago de Chile), the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange (Bolsa Electrónica de Chile), and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
Dividend No.
Type ofDividend
Agreement date
Payment Date
Total Amount ThCh$
CLP perShare
Charged to Fiscal
Provisional
11-29-2018
01-25-2019
31,288,371
0.45236
Definitive
04-29-2019
05-17-2019
185,737,592
2.68537
11-26-2019
01-31-2020
30,933,437
0.44723
04-29-2020
05-27-2020
146,758,726
2.12182
Eventual
114,883,119
1.66096
04-28-2021
05-28-2021
212,853,281
3.07740
11-26-2021
01-28-2022
7,260,512
0.10497
04-27-2022
05-27-2022
18,285,678
0.26437
11-25-2022
01-27-2023
22,416,356
0.32409
The detail by company of the translation differences attributable to owners of the Group of the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, is as follows:
12-31-2020
Reserves for Accumulated Currency Translation Differences
(4,083,680)
(7,729,810)
(7,746,933)
1,459,238
1,598,641
907,869
Grupo Enel Green Power Chile
299,328,951
285,686,490
110,921,404
246,142
(432,247)
Our subsidiary Enel Generación Chile must comply with certain financial ratios or covenants, which require a minimum level of equity or contain other characteristics that restrict the transfer of assets to the Parent Company. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s interest in the net restricted assets of Enel Generación Chile was ThCh$712,519,037.
Other reserves for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:
2022 Changes
Detail of other reserves
Exchange differences on translation
Cash flow hedges
Other miscellaneous reserves
2021 Changes
2020 Changes
The main items and their effects are the following:
For the years ended
Other Miscellaneous Reserves
Company restructuring reserve ("Division") (i)
(534,057,733)
Reserve for transition to IFRS (ii)
(457,221,836)
Reserve for subsidiaries transactions (iii)
12,502,494
Reserves for Tender Offer of Enel Generation “Reorganization of Renewable Assets” (iv)
(910,437,224)
Reserves “Reorganization of Renewable Assets” (v)
(407,354,462)
Argentine hyperinflation (vi)
18,688,009
13,222,164
11,216,652
Other miscellaneous reserves (vii)
15,007,926
7,645,052
7,020,843
The detail of non-controlling interests as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:
Non-controlling Interests
Companies
0.91%
6,227,952
6,178,079
201,180
151,538
749,261
Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. (1)
1,585,517
441,203
291,934
6.45%
133,643,846
96,773,030
38,554,346
7,480,423
(10,006,037)
7.35%
12,839,546
10,695,281
13,741,749
7,717,216
6,403,829
Sociedad AgrÍcola de Cameros Ltda.
42.50%
2,305,275
2,120,237
194,687
52,068
230,557
Geotermica del Norte S.A.
15.41%
64,351,911
64,539,697
(1,408,970)
(760,576)
645,440
Empresa Nacional de Geotermia S.A. (2)
(5,089)
(515,293)
39.09%
72,215,503
66,070,754
5,155,807
609,150
945,454
154,375
661,950
21,529
19,501
20,267
(1)See Note 2.4.1.v and 33.
(2)See Note 2.4.1.iii.
The detail of revenue presented in the statement of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, is as follows:
Energy sales
3,555,216,142
2,585,248,169
2,380,736,600
2,233,369,420
1,489,763,351
1,111,508,158
822,190,715
532,353,167
480,168,004
1,209,931,004
893,147,380
571,587,710
Spot market sales
201,247,701
64,262,804
59,752,444
1,321,846,722
1,095,484,818
1,269,228,442
732,865,039
597,631,419
608,703,250
Business
362,207,598
293,442,712
366,874,872
109,083,560
99,516,111
168,931,181
Other consumers (1)
117,690,525
104,894,576
124,719,139
Other sales
716,907,816
156,907,706
58,870,872
Gas sales
671,732,249
129,442,332
38,808,266
Sales of goods and services
45,175,567
27,465,374
20,062,606
Revenue from other services
106,876,132
87,526,529
108,776,845
Tolls and transmission
52,534,938
29,341,568
41,859,311
Metering equipment leases
3,062,728
2,967,964
3,387,302
Services and Business Advisories provided (Public lighting, connections and electrical advisories)
35,353,775
44,126,106
53,121,851
Other services
15,924,691
11,090,891
10,408,381
Total Revenues
Income by agreement with Shell (2)
460,714,800
Commodity derivative income
66,506,258
6,814,747
4,473,463
Regasification service
29,739,775
Income from insurance claims (insurance)
8,233,249
6,352,546
10,799,437
Compensation from delayed suppliers
3,304,994
Income from sanctions to users
3,801,165
3,419,398
1,314,193
Temporary leasing of generating facilities
686,126
10,662,952
SEC fine revocation
1,161,837
5,131,532
7,112,477
9,767,835
Total other income
The detail of raw materials and consumables used presented in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
Energy purchases
(1,885,218,041)
(1,296,992,284)
(864,863,454)
Fuel consumption
(587,063,837)
(374,868,794)
(231,176,489)
(441,848,645)
(251,009,877)
(149,734,219)
Oil (*)
(45,657,067)
(27,576,693)
(6,100,077)
Coal (*)
(99,558,125)
(96,282,224)
(75,342,193)
Energy transmission cost
(295,519,943)
(151,738,224)
(141,539,687)
Gas sales costs
(519,475,247)
(110,831,219)
(34,332,998)
Other variable supplies and services
(112,246,999)
(76,874,883)
(102,533,011)
(*) During 2022, this item includes an impairment loss on coal inventory impairment of ThCh$50,136,749 as a consequence of the closure of the Bocamina II plant (ThCh$45,904,847 in 2021). For the same reason, adjustments due to impairment of diesel were also recorded for ThCh$1,076,839 (ThCh$667,298 in 2021). For further information see Note 11 and Note 16.c.iv.
The detail of employee expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, is as follows:
Employee Benefits Expense
Wages and salaries
(141,118,974)
(129,759,535)
(117,220,406)
Post-employment benefit obligations expense
(1,394,294)
Social security and other contributions
(14,545,508)
(13,059,172)
(12,346,828)
Other employee expenses (*)
(1,180,617)
(19,426,893)
(5,527,283)
Total Employee Benefits Expenses
(*) During 2021, this item included ThCh$ 17,602,579 from restructuring provisions and expenses associated with the Group’s 2021-2024 digitization strategy. This enables the adoption of new work and operation models and demands new skills and knowledge to make processes even more efficient.
(215,986,710)
(198,700,349)
(215,581,938)
Amortization
(14,375,081)
Distribution and Transmission
Information on Impairment Losses by Reportable Segment
Non-current assets held for sale (1)
Intangibles
(217,658)
Property, Plant and Equipment (2)
(698,235,380)
Investment Property (3)
646,597
Total Reversal of impairment losses (impairment losses) recognized in profit or loss
(698,453,038)
Impairment gain and reversals from impairment losses (impairment losses) in accordance with IFRS 9 (4)
(1,992,280)
(691,132)
(1,305,341)
(20,030,616)
(17,419,025)
(12,998,719)
(2,458)
(655,018)
(863,647)
(2)See Note 16.iv and vi.
(3)See Note 17.
(4)See Note 9.d).
32. OTHER EXPENSE, BY NATURE
Other miscellaneous operating expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, are detailed as follows:
Other Expenses by nature
Professional, outsourced and other services
(83,023,012)
(74,650,311)
(74,630,728)
Write-off of property, plant and equipment (1)
(52,799,997)
Repairs and maintenance
(50,001,947)
(43,670,583)
(49,051,950)
Insurance premiums
(24,551,805)
(23,487,377)
(19,992,385)
Environmental expenses
(10,091,657)
(7,998,327)
(8,313,182)
Administrative expenses
(9,895,827)
(9,072,602)
(7,214,238)
Taxes and charges
(6,773,397)
(6,316,351)
(5,675,978)
Leases and rental costs
(5,436,911)
(3,790,971)
(4,958,760)
Marketing, public relations and advertising
(2,991,329)
(1,971,879)
(2,491,884)
Travel expenses
(3,197,752)
(1,220,870)
(2,223,358)
Indemnities and fines
(354,539)
(76,693)
(1,029,517)
Other supplies and services
(19,916,674)
(17,294,861)
(15,011,354)
(1)See explanation in Note 16 c) v).
The detail of other gains (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
Other Gains (Losses)
Gain on sale of Enel Transmisión Chile S.A. (1)
981,856,639
Result in sales of property, plant and equipment
810,776
9,384,038
Gain on sale of Transmisora Eléctrica de Quillota Ltda. (2)
9,968,845
Loss on sale of Enel X AMPCI Ebus Chile SpA (3)
(788,848)
Loss on sale of Sociedad de Inversiones K Cuatro SpA (4)
(20,938)
Result of other investments
123,667
168,439
104,777
(2)See Note 13.3 c).
(3)See Note 2.5.ii.
(4)See Note 13.3 b).
Finance income and costs for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, are as follows:
Finance Income
Income from deposits and other financial instruments
19,898,958
3,259,801
7,324,057
Interests charged to customers in energy accounts and billing
16,001,236
13,130,196
12,477,393
Financial income by Law No.21,185 (1)
7,455,121
4,802,376
15,328,829
Financial update of decommissioning provisions Bocamina I, II and Tarapacá
1,197,149
4,720,818
Financial income by law No.21,340 and No.21,249 (5)
3,833,564
Other financial income
2,028,557
507,209
1,030,181
Total Financial Income
Finance Costs
Bank loans
(11,590,144)
(2,727,697)
(7,151,030)
Bonds payable to the public not guaranteed
(92,414,063)
(85,990,347)
(84,268,247)
(6,822,606)
(1,960,901)
(2,128,360)
Valuation of financial derivatives for cash flow hedging
(3,034,351)
(9,327,966)
(5,887,498)
Financial cost by Law No.21,185 (1)
(2,235,708)
(2,409,504)
(4,518,268)
Financial update of provisions (2)
(11,338,594)
(3,048,796)
(4,115,292)
Post-employment benefit obligations (3)
Debt formalization expenses and other associated expenses
(4,822,933)
(5,003,674)
(2,646,906)
Capitalized borrowing costs
83,292,276
61,513,684
33,109,819
Financial cost related companies
(72,780,613)
(42,066,043)
Assignment of rights and sale of accounts receivable to customers (4)
(31,626,916)
(49,933,286)
(533,615)
Financial costs by law No.21,340 and No.21,249 (5)
(1,046,173)
(10,345,206)
Interest on overdue payments to suppliers
(11,412,536)
(852,435)
Trade agreements with customers
(5,090,971)
(13,313,725)
Interest taxes remitted abroad
(10,380,979)
(2,829,996)
(3,930,283)
Other financial costs
(9,241,567)
(3,928,241)
(8,112,758)
Gains or loss from indexed assets and liabilities, net (*)
Foreign currency exchange differences (**)
Total Finance Costs
(169,353,690)
(183,479,964)
(148,595,234)
Total Financial Results
(118,939,105)
(157,059,564)
(112,434,774)
F-126
The origins of the effects on results for the application of adjustment units and foreign exchange gains (losses) are as follows:
Gains (losses) from Indexed Assets and Liabilities (*)
41,683
12,478,960
64,806
Trade and other receivables
3,086,549
1,837,037
2,212,324
Current tax assets and liabilities
4,405,500
4,168,869
1,026,963
Other financial liabilities (Financial Debt and Derivative Instruments)
41,681
2,743,973
980,933
Trade and other payables
(275,114)
(103,883)
241,532
Other provisions
(772,689)
(610,605)
(196,777)
(101,358)
(643)
Subtotal
19,006,570
7,998,839
4,264,332
57,829
20,926
(77,239)
142
Property plant and equipment
1,451,708
764,982
Deferred tax liability
(548,505)
(5,842,818)
(2,143,830)
(2,434,384)
Other Provisions of Services
(1,900)
(1,849)
(1,246)
Personal expenses
286,371
161,385
130,213
324,911
139,968
108,226
(726,557)
(231,931)
(204,137)
71,640
9,125
6,145
Subtotal Hyperinflation result (1)
(13,143,680)
(2,101,319)
(2,178,564)
Gains from indexed assets and liabilities net
Foreign Currency Exchange Differences (**)
(8,613,242)
1,863,916
10,110,166
13,779,941
8,922,639
6,316,333
(4,278,891)
(5,754,262)
6,086,388
Trade and other receivables (2) and (3)
(12,070,666)
59,815,718
(24,262,013)
475,285
47,239
(4,361,506)
28,913,122
(22,271,858)
(10,265,859)
Trade and other payables (2) and (3)
(25,910,351)
(27,326,682)
(1,023,613)
Accounts payable to related entities
34,745,005
(30,778,711)
(4,974,416)
(8,638,750)
147,633
(897,711)
Total Foreign Currency Exchange Differences
F-127
35.1. Basis of segmentation
The Group’s activities operate under a matrix management structure with dual and cross management responsibilities (based on business and geographical areas of responsibility), and its subsidiaries are engaged in either the generation and the distribution business.
The Group adopted a “bottom-up” approach to determine its reportable segments. The generation and networks and the distribution reportable segments were defined based on IFRS 8.9 and on the criteria described in IFRS 8.12.
Generation Segment: The electricity generation segment is composed of a group of electricity companies that own electricity generating plants, whose energy is transmitted and distributed to end consumers. The generation business in Chile is conducted by the Company’s subsidiaries Enel Generación Chile S.A. and Empresa Eléctrica Pehuenche S.A., and the Company’s Group is engaged in the development and exploitation of non-conventional renewable energies through our subsidiary Enel Green Power Chile S.A.
Distribution and Networks Segments: The electricity distribution and network business are comprised of the companies Enel Distribución Chile S.A. and its subsidiary Enel Colina S.A., which operate under an energy distribution concession regime, with service obligations and regulated rates to supply the electricity through their distribution networks to regulated customers.
It should be noted that on December 9, 2022, the Group disposed of its interest in Enel Transmisión Chile, a company belonging to the Distribution and Networks segment until that date. Following the accounting criteria described in note 3.k), the sale of this company did not qualify as a discontinued operation. Therefore, its results up to the sale date are part of the consolidated results of Enel Chile and are included in the results of the Distribution and Networks segment detailed below (see notes 33 (1) and 40).
Each of the operating segments generates separate financial information, which is aggregated into one combined set of information for the Generation Business, and another set of combined information for the Distribution and Networks Business at the reportable segment level. In addition, in order to assist the decision-making process, the Planning & Control Department at Parent Company level prepares internal reports containing combined information at the reportable segment level about the main key performance indicators (KPIs), such as: EBITDA 1, Total Capex 2, Profit for the Year, Total Energy Generation 3, Distribution and Networks4, among others. The presentation of information under this business approach has been made taking into consideration that the KPIs are similar in each of the following aspects:
1 Corresponds to Profit (loss) before taxes excluding Depreciation and amortization expense, Impairment recognized in profit or loss, Impairment determined in accordance with IFRS 9, Financial result, Share of profit (loss) of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method and Other gains (losses). This is represented by Gross Operating Income.
2 Corresponds to purchases of Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets.
3 Corresponds to electrical energy generated in power plant units, by technology, eliminating self-consumption in a determined period.
4 Corresponds to the amount of electricity distributed, free of any losses, in a determined period.
The Company’s highest decision-making authority reviews on a monthly basis these internal reports and uses the KPI information to make decisions on the allocation of resources and the assessment of the performance of the operating segments for each reportable segment.
The information disclosed in the following tables is based on the financial information of the companies forming each segment. The accounting policies used to determine the segment information are the same as those used in the preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
F-129
35.2 Financial information by business line
Distribution and Networks
Holdings and eliminations
Line of Business
1,937,857,990
704,953,231
517,448,833
381,074,530
608,935,496
182,224,732
15,577,716
4,059,117
1,645,018
1,964,579
857,990,965
303,951,444
3,328,010
2,747,199
102,529
1,238,240
99,677
55,976
168,853,772
53,654,303
2,071,666
4,215,329
21,714,914
8,956,365
Trade and other current receivables
941,807,106
319,374,477
498,172,677
344,375,668
69,533,572
24,434,982
Current accounts receivable from related companies
686,500,891
262,328,437
3,546,493
11,763,448
(433,778,780)
(217,651,797)
48,882,081
25,601,423
4,696,300
2,997,869
24,337,712
2,648,418
46,194,764
37,188,275
6,555,521
14,519,397
67,808,082
59,829,344
26,713,650
658,629
1,229,354
6,459,003,403
5,869,269,137
1,503,735,962
1,590,778,338
838,598,048
772,023,628
57,198,350
38,915,283
463,782
71,679,797
85,177,306
3,974,661
3,076,764
2,621,883
1,362,578
46,817,168
100,176,330
521,384,397
401,098,758
122,946,080
14,511,252
Non-Current accounts payable from related companies
147,613,887
148,999,820
(147,613,887)
(142,651,819)
12,792,475
6,095,038
3,828,895
107,712,453
101,567,646
76,341,449
82,839,363
7,387,361
6,814,546
34,282,519
34,159,548
847,090,432
884,678,172
5,715,336,720
5,031,641,934
866,265,376
1,093,444,389
(9,248,102)
(14,397,562)
Assets for right of use
231,835,979
156,537,247
2,552,157
4,244,878
(689,704)
6,736
33,734,055
165,998,985
30,977,444
3,833,708
1,166,130
9,868,043
8,396,861,393
6,574,222,368
2,021,184,795
1,971,852,868
1,447,533,544
954,248,360
1,815,369,972
1,160,666,050
707,079,955
746,688,757
646,041,953
224,971,410
55,252,071
79,273,121
5,288,702
150,674
7,979,010
8,916,095
17,743,500
9,242,799
1,273,849
1,853,542
3,287
Trade and other current payables
1,077,964,004
668,905,400
371,911,869
262,862,315
294,017,036
46,556,772
Current accounts payable to related companies
607,176,390
373,766,861
315,459,903
465,826,390
23,862,281
165,004,707
22,008,065
17,906,766
180,851
1,266,514
713,090
583,037
21,154,968
2,461,869
944,932
9,202,761
312,236,470
1,484,077
14,070,974
9,109,234
12,019,849
5,526,561
7,230,779
2,418,045
3,232,461,558
2,688,289,480
629,125,828
371,287,907
446,561,163
961,927,094
876,704,452
902,487,329
1,307,098,804
1,039,387,049
214,705,438
145,264,339
1,959,481
3,292,221
499
Trade and other non-current payables
267,218
3,788,764
308,041,157
175,608,162
Non-current accounts payable to related companies
1,742,214,913
1,245,386,779
281,625,788
142,651,760
(876,743,988)
(87,979,442)
177,512,333
181,398,929
11,957,910
12,319,020
394,765
201,374,515
192,175,894
11,639,461
(2,358,021)
(6,398,405)
19,682,689
17,787,446
24,452,845
24,641,998
18,563,881
16,522,142
3,349,029,863
2,725,266,838
684,979,012
853,876,204
354,930,428
(232,650,144)
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
Issued capital
1,270,222,769
1,264,108,957
177,568,664
230,137,980
2,434,312,037
2,387,856,533
1,900,047,598
1,455,385,686
778,754,348
946,912,262
(204,369,129)
(799,111,653)
Issuance premiums
85,511,492
273,307
354,220
(85,784,799)
(85,865,712)
93,248,004
(79,739,297)
(271,617,307)
(323,528,258)
(1,789,227,681)
(1,735,529,312)
Total Liabilities and Equity
The Holdings and eliminations column corresponds to transactions between companies in different lines of business and country, primarily purchases and sales of energy and services.
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
REVENUES AND OTHER OPERATING INCOME
3,877,758,513
1,953,287,738
1,577,422,263
1,454,721,924
1,201,833,293
1,382,068,220
(376,048,574)
(299,891,496)
(374,088,286)
3,302,181,412
1,934,131,175
1,543,647,794
1,449,144,572
1,193,549,267
1,376,425,433
(372,325,894)
(297,998,038)
(371,688,910)
2,625,836,969
1,803,343,706
1,494,203,779
1,334,971,825
1,103,758,191
1,270,159,653
(405,592,652)
(321,853,728)
(383,626,832)
672,104,106
129,626,809
38,825,239
6,719,051
5,347,333
6,601,069
38,084,659
21,936,360
13,444,564
156,910,502
Other services rendered
4,240,337
1,160,660
10,618,776
107,453,696
84,443,743
99,664,711
(4,817,901)
1,919,330
(1,506,642)
87,523,733
575,577,101
19,156,563
33,774,469
5,577,352
8,284,026
5,642,787
(3,722,680)
(1,893,458)
(2,399,376)
RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES USED
(2,573,293,127)
(1,346,981,551)
(616,852,308)
(1,194,700,166)
(974,857,661)
(1,116,324,483)
368,469,226
310,533,808
358,731,152
(1,102,539,973)
(660,360,745)
(177,049,909)
(1,139,342,609)
(933,785,293)
(1,060,494,642)
356,664,541
297,153,754
372,681,097
(231,176,490)
Transportation expenses
(305,760,332)
(159,477,763)
(113,704,101)
(17,909,689)
(12,947,272)
(23,694,571)
28,150,078
20,686,811
(4,141,015)
Other miscellaneous supplies and services
(577,928,985)
(152,274,249)
(94,921,808)
(37,447,868)
(28,125,096)
(32,135,270)
(16,345,393)
(7,306,757)
(9,808,930)
(631,722,246)
(187,706,102)
(136,866,008)
CONTRIBUTION MARGIN
1,304,465,386
606,306,187
960,569,955
260,021,758
226,975,632
265,743,737
(7,579,348)
10,642,312
(15,357,134)
23,738,963
13,352,715
15,581,738
16,574,703
17,403,271
9,805,315
4,256,019
401,210
152,263
(72,744,313)
(71,617,409)
(65,564,485)
(39,078,134)
(49,357,037)
(37,496,730)
(46,416,946)
(42,370,708)
(34,165,533)
(195,666,710)
(126,899,337)
(121,366,276)
(77,662,552)
(71,488,295)
(79,580,559)
4,294,415
8,836,807
10,353,501
GROSS OPERATING INCOME
1,059,793,326
421,142,156
789,220,932
159,855,775
123,533,571
158,471,763
(45,445,860)
(22,490,379)
(39,016,903)
1,174,203,241
522,185,348
908,675,792
(183,459,507)
(164,579,061)
(185,479,080)
(56,293,022)
(47,931,057)
(45,583,947)
1,479,578
1,582,462
1,106,008
Impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses) recognized in profit or loss
(698,453,039)
646,598
Impairment gains and reversals of impairment losses (Impairment losses) determined in accordance with IFRS 9.
OPERATING INCOME
872,055,101
222,836,232
(96,016,528)
83,532,137
58,183,489
99,889,097
(43,230,001)
(21,426,058)
(38,127,944)
FINANCIAL RESULT
(85,132,092)
(62,697,134)
(80,090,891)
(20,577,980)
(11,685,010)
5,929,058
(13,229,033)
(82,677,420)
(38,272,941)
13,008,285
8,178,108
15,080,015
29,585,814
19,109,146
22,717,208
7,820,486
(866,854)
(1,636,763)
18,295
29,479
597,718
4,038,512
1,093,452
1,562,194
15,842,151
2,136,870
5,164,145
12,989,990
8,148,629
14,482,297
25,547,302
18,015,694
21,155,014
(8,021,665)
(3,003,724)
(6,800,908)
30,515,627
23,160,599
28,836,403
(115,872,168)
(94,212,401)
(59,088,322)
(50,482,680)
(30,325,667)
(17,696,544)
(27,263,185)
(49,505,048)
(50,623,905)
(347,388)
(2,465,972)
(7,112,931)
(184)
(33,244)
(11,242,572)
(261,725)
(4,855)
Secured and unsecured obligations
(50,378,424)
(47,518,870)
(47,654,290)
(42,035,639)
(38,471,477)
(36,613,957)
(65,146,356)
(44,227,559)
(4,321,101)
(50,482,496)
(17,663,300)
26,015,026
(10,771,846)
(14,005,093)
(89,613,826)
(85,325,072)
(35,989,494)
Income from indexation units
609,680
3,385,938
(703,130)
4,023,279
1,851,124
1,124,304
1,229,931
660,458
1,664,594
Foreign exchange profits (losses)
17,122,111
19,951,221
(35,379,454)
(3,704,393)
(2,319,613)
(215,910)
4,983,735
(32,965,976)
12,323,133
Positive
167,251,274
89,910,296
120,757,605
43,076,163
67,179,990
20,978,492
193,183,643
178,120,351
(10,034,714)
403,511,080
335,210,637
131,701,383
(150,129,163)
(69,959,075)
(156,137,059)
(46,780,556)
(69,499,603)
(21,194,402)
(188,199,908)
(211,086,327)
22,357,847
(385,109,627)
(350,545,005)
(154,973,614)
4,014,081
3,157,673
2,424,250
(732,840)
19,375
1,085,142
Other gains (losses)
935,428
9,478,528
2,171,056
10,287
981,045,868
(2,171,056)
Gain (loss) from other investments
124,652
94,490
981,170,520
Gain (loss) from the sale of assets
791,872,518
173,434,055
(164,204,641)
62,954,157
48,669,896
105,828,442
923,853,994
(106,255,159)
(75,315,743)
(151,330,979)
(24,666,990)
97,419,625
7,698,062
2,275,431
(23,421,217)
(326,063,963)
7,252,901
7,306,699
640,541,539
148,767,065
(66,785,016)
70,652,219
50,945,327
82,407,225
597,790,031
(99,002,258)
(68,009,044)
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Net cash flows from (used in) operating activities
689,196,260
445,854,355
551,979,917
91,074,469
17,684,402
111,689,249
(35,491,916)
(50,645,942)
92,197,032
(990,157,962)
(604,078,037)
(100,557,328)
(98,077,760)
(85,111,489)
(111,939,127)
1,543,807,101
(47,365,284)
(342,154,935)
Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities
315,350,620
157,788,515
(469,832,875)
9,965,731
67,203,137
1,578,034
(953,972,710)
68,239,857
340,585,507
The Holding, and eliminations column corresponds to transactions between companies in different lines of business and country, primarily purchases and sales of energy and services.
F-131
As of December 31, 2022, Enel Chile had future energy purchase commitments amounting to ThCh$12,862,690,830 (ThCh$7,347,166,465 as of December 31, 2021).
Debtor
Guarantee
Outstanding balance as of
Contract
Creditor of Guarantee
Guarantor
Type of Guarantee
B Bond (*)
June 2022
Bond holders Enel Américas´ Bond Program
Common control
Companies divided from the original debtor Enersis (solidarity debtor Enel Chile)
Joint and several co-signer
2,803,327
Credit opening contract
GDN BID Loan
Subsidiary
Enel SpA
8,638,876
41,827,120
50,465,996
28,192,597
(*) Upon the demerger of the original issuer, Enersis (currently Enel Américas), and in accordance with the bond indenture, all entities arising from the demerger are liable for the debt, regardless of the fact that that the payment obligation remains in Enel Américas.
In relation to the litigation described above, the Enel Chile Group has recorded provisions of ThCh$6,004,761 as of December 31, 2022 (see Note 25). There are other litigation matters that also have associated provisions but are not described in this note since individually they represent immaterial amounts. Management considers that the provisions recorded adequately cover the litigation risks and, therefore, does not expect additional liabilities other than those already recorded.
Given the characteristics of the risks covered by these provisions, it is not possible to determine a reasonable schedule of payment dates, if any.
F-133
36.4. Financial restrictions
Several debt contracts of the Company, and of some of its subsidiaries include the obligation to comply with certain financial ratios, which is common in contracts of this nature. There are also affirmative and negative covenants that require monitoring of these commitments. In addition, there are restrictions in the sections of events of default that must be fulfilled to avoid acceleration of the debt.
Some of the financial debt contracts contain cross default clauses.
Financial restrictions
Enel Generación Chile
Instrument type with restriction
Cred. with Fin. Inst.
Restriction to be fulfilled by Informant or Subsidiary
Any financial debt that Enel Chile maintains, for any amount past due, and that the principal of the debt that gives rise to the cross default exceeds US$150 million in an individual debt.
Any financial debt held by Enel Generación Chile or its Chilean subsidiaries, for any amount past due, and that the principal of the debt that gives rise to the cross default exceeds US$30 million in an individual debt.
Any financial debt held by Enel Generación Chile or its Chilean subsidiaries, for any amount past due, and that the principal of the debt that gives rise to the cross default exceeds US$50 million in an individual debt.
Creditor
BBVA, S.A. (Administrative Agent) and SMBC
Santander Chile, Scotiabank and European Investment Bank
Bank of New York Mellon (Representative of Bondholders)
Registration Number
ISIN: US29278DAA37
ISIN: US29244TAC53; US29244TAB7; US29244TAA9
ISIN: US29246RAA14
Name of financial indicator or ratio
Cross default
Measurement frequency
Calculation mechanism or definition of the indicator or ratio
Debt past due greater than US$150 million of principal individually.
Debt past due greater than US$30 million of principal individually.
Debt past due greater than US$50 million of principal individually.
Restriction that must be fulfilled (Range, Value and Unit of measure)
Not have individual debts past due greater than US$150 million.
Indicator or ratio determined by the company
There are no outstanding debts for an amount greater than US$150 million individually.
There are no outstanding debts for an amount greater than US$30 million individually.
There are no outstanding debts for an amount greater than US$50 million individually.
Compliance YES/NO
Accounts used in the calculation of the indicator or ratio
Series H and M Bonds
Any financial debt held by Enel Generación Chile, for any amount past due, and that the principal of the debt that gives rise to the cross default exceeds US$50 million individually.
Any financial debt held by Enel Generación Chile, for any amount past due.
Any financial debt held by Enel Distribución Chile, for any amount past due.
Banco Santander (Representative of Bondholders)
Banco Santander Chile
Banco Santander Chile, Security and Scotiabank
Registration in the CMF Securities Registry No. 317 for Series H and No. 522 for Series M
Indicator name or financial ratio
Delinquent debt.
Not have individual debts past due greater than US$50 million.
Not have individual debts past due.
There are no delinquent debts.
Financial covenants are contractual commitments with respect to minimum or maximum financial ratios that the Company is obliged to meet at certain periods of time (quarterly, annually, etc.) and in some cases only when certain conditions are met. Most of the financial covenants of the Company limit leverage and track the ability to generate cash flow that will service the companies’ indebtedness. Certain companies are also required to periodically certify these covenants. The types of covenants and their respective limits vary according to the type of debt and contract.
Series H Bonds
A ratio between Financial Obligations and Total Capitalization must be maintained of less than or equal to 0.64.
Maintain a Minimum Equity of Ch$761,661 million, a limit that is updated at the end of each fiscal year, as established in the contract.
Maintain a Financial Expense Coverage Coefficient of greater than or equal to 1.85.
Maintain a Net Active Position with Related Companies not exceeding the equivalent amount in pesos, legal tender, of US$500 million, according to the exchange rate observed on the date of its calculation.
Registration in the Securities Registry of CMF No. 317
Consolidated Indebtedness Level
Equity Attributable to the Parent Company
Financial Expenses Coverage Coefficient
Net Active Position with Related Companies
Financial Obligations corresponding to the sum between Loans that accrue interest, current, Loans that accrue interest, non-current, Other financial liabilities, current, Other financial liabilities, non-current and Other obligations guaranteed by the Issuer or its subsidiaries, while Total Capitalization is the sum between Financial Obligations and Total Equity.
The Equity corresponds to the Equity attributable to the owners of the parent company, which is contrasted with the level of Minimum Equity that will be readjusted by a percentage, provided it is positive, of the annual variation of the Consumer Price Index multiplied by the difference between 1 minus the ratio of Non-Monetary Assets in Chile recorded in pesos and the Equity Attributable to the Parent Company. If the annual variation of the Consumer Price Index is negative or if the ratio between Non-Monetary Assets in Chile recorded in pesos and Equity Attributable to the Parent Company is greater than one, there will be no readjustment in that year.
Financial expense coverage is the quotient between: i) Gross operating profit, plus Financial income and dividends received from associated companies, and ii) Financial expenses; both items refer to the period of four consecutive quarters ending at the end of the quarter being reported.
The Net Active Position with Related Companies is the difference between: i) the sum of Accounts Receivable from Related Entities of Current and Non-Current Assets and ii) the sum of Accounts Payable to Related Entities of Current and Non-Current Liabilities. The amounts corresponding to those that jointly comply with the following must be excluded from the foregoing: i) operations lasting less than 180 days, and ii) operations arising from the ordinary course of business of Enel Generación Chile or its subsidiaries.
Ch$2,071,385 million
11.96
US$169.64 million
Financial Obligations and Total Capitalization
Equity attributable to the owners of the parent company.
Gross Operating Income and Financial Expenses
Current and Non-Current Accounts Receivable and Payable to Related Entities.
Finally, in most contracts, the acceleration of the debt due to non-compliance with covenants does not occur automatically. Certain conditions must be met, such as the expiration of remediation periods, among others.
As of December 31, 2022, Enel Chile and its subsidiaries comply with all the financial obligations summarized herein. They also comply with other financial obligations whose non-compliance could result in the acceleration of the maturity of its financial commitments.
F-135
36.5. COVID-19 contingency
The Group continues to closely monitor the evolution of COVID-19, and all of the company's efforts are aimed at guaranteeing correct and safe continuity of our operations, while also ensuring the health and safety of our people.
On the other hand, the Company is closely following the potential implications of COVID-19 in areas of interest in order to evaluate, based on specific commercial circumstances and the availability of reliable information, the relevance of the pandemic for the Group's financial position and performance. The main risks identified are related to losses for the impairment of accounts receivable (see note 3.g.3 and 9.d).
Enel Chile’s personnel, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:
2,136
2,193
2,256
2,221
The following Enel Chile Group companies have received sanctions from administrative authorities:
In relation to the sanctions described above, the Enel Chile Group has recorded provisions of ThCh$3,554,568 as of December 31, 2022 (see Note 25). There are other sanctions matters that also have associated provisions but are not described in this note since individually they represent immaterial amounts. Management considers that the provisions recorded adequately cover the risks and, therefore, does not expect additional liabilities other than those already recorded.
F-137
Environmental expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:
Disbursing Company
Project Name
Environmental Description
Project status [Completed, in progress]
Disbursement amount
Capitalized amount
Expense amount
Future disbursement amount
Estimated date of future disbursement
Total disbursements
Amount of prior period disbursement
Pehuenche S.A.
PEHUENCHE CENTRAL
Waste Management
In progress
29,164
5,405
12-31-2023
34,569
31,641
Environmental Sanitation
3,105
19,298
22,403
Materials Environment
25,144
24,720
49,864
32,246
VEGETATION CONTROL IN AT NETWORKS (OPEX)
This activity contemplates the maintenance of the band of easement of high voltage lines between 34,5 y 500kv.
525,809
344,571
VEGETATION CONTROL IN MT/BT
Pruning of trees near the media network and low voltage.
2,383,970
3,136,872
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MT NETWORK
Replacement underground transformers by Technical Standard (PCB)
139,820
481,556
SEC STANDARDIZATION PROJECT (CAPEX)
Underground Networks Interaction Project between Enel and Metrogas
2,932,689
4,403,751
Environmental expenses, and certifications CC.CC.
The main expenses incurred are: Investments, improvements and work carried out to obtain certificates in Diesel tanks,. Operation and maintenance, monitoring air quality and meteorological stations, Environmental audit monitoring network once a year, Annual CEMS Validation, Biomass Protocol Service, Environmental Materials (magazine, books), Isokinetic Measurements, SGI Works (NC objective, inspections, audits and supervision) ISO 14001, OHSAS certification, CEMS operation and maintenance service.
1,611,874
689,327
922,547
632,635
2,244,509
2,696,089
Environmental expenses, adaptations and certifications CC.TT.
Adaptations to comply with the environmental impact statement of Central Atacama, investment in tanks for the accumulation of raw water and improvements, studies, monitoring, laboratory analysis, removal and final disposal of solid waste in thermoelectric plants (C.T.)
1,231,175
182,861
1,048,314
2,120,483
3,351,658
1,873,179
Environmental expenses CC.HH.
Studies, monitoring, laboratory analysis, removal and final disposal of solid waste in hydroelectric plants (C.H.)
426,453
718,751
1,145,204
642,694
Waste management
Contracts for the removal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste
75,422
193,828
269,250
90,712
Contracts for vector control, deratization, disinfection.
22,316
195,796
218,112
75,483
Water Analysis
Monitoring and analysis of drinking water and sewage
61,552
91,153
152,705
47,996
Rent/Vehicle Expenses
Vehicle rental for environmental trips (field visits / Plants)
75,481
114,211
189,692
48,171
Campaigns and Studies
Contracts for Environmental Monitoring (Collision of Birds- Flora and Fauna- Archeology, others)
13,234
109,770
123,004
214,493
Environmental Materials
Buy environmental materials (containers, spill kit, others)
46,944
61,147
85,802
Sewage Treatment Plant
Contract for removal and cleaning of pits and sewage
65,043
110,887
175,930
6,743
Outsourced Services
Other services (contracts with third parties)
10,932
227,590
238,522
213,326
Permitting Framework Agreement
Management contract for environmental and sectoral permits
43,576
181,299
224,875
97,998
Domestic Waste Removal
Household / domestic waste removal contract
78,617
69,700
148,317
40,320
Environment Travel
Tickets - accommodation and viatics for site visit in facilities
49,605
99,316
148,921
3,045
Legal Requirements Contract
Environmental and sectorial permit management contract.
217,870
617,101
834,971
Bird Collision Monitoring Contract
71,680
63,000
134,680
26,667
36,764
63,431
37,750
40,043
65,536
5,589
5,378
10,967
12,865
277,126
406,915
684,041
3,780
4,209
5,227
9,436
290,803
3,659
5,294
31,411
947
Household / domestic waste removal contract (paid municipal retreat)
8,150
10,950
19,100
2,677
VEGETATION CONTROL IN AT NETWORKS
102,015
142,081
11-30-2022
244,096
It consists of cutting branches until reaching the safety conditions that the foliage must be left with respect to the drivers.
223,178
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN SSEE
The service consists of the maintenance of green areas with replacement of species and grass in Enel substation enclosures
59,999
81,570
141,569
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Environmental Management of Reforestation in the Metropolitan Park.
7,715
2,580
10,295
Nests and Others
1,590
6,010
7,600
SILICA GEL REPLACEMENT IN POWER TRANSFORMERS
Considers the replacement of silica gel (hygroscopic salt) to one (1) power transformer.
Completed
6,496
7,841
14,337
1,789
15,642
17,431
4,916
4,640
9,556
4,000
39,093
53,384
1,949
7,176
3,801
1,830
250
453
8,884
25,027
33,911
11,999
41,476
10,963,845
872,188
10,091,657
6,440,978
17,404,823
15,030,019
18,513
13,128
4,467
3,528
714
4,235
4,949
27,253
4,993
251,298
The service consists of the maintenance of green areas with replacement of species and grass in Enel substation enclosures.Maintenance tree planting of SSEE and removal of weeds, debris and garbage, exterior perimeter.The withdrawal and transfer was carried out.The service consists of weeding and weed control in electrical power substation enclosures in order to keep the enclosures free of weeds, ensuring a good operation of these facilities.
192,924
2,875
OIL ANALYSIS AT TD OF POWER (OPEX)
Consider chromatographic analysis, furans, and physical-chemical analysis.
32,364
REPLACING TRIFAS TRANSFORMERS BETTER QUALITY
This project corresponds to:- replacement of traditional network by Calpe BT- replacement of concentrical network by Calpe BT- replacement of transformers with load ability problems
5,330,561
5,838
2,245,304
833,395
1,411,908
450,786
2,696,090
1,255,958
445,611
810,347
617,221
378,958
263,737
642,695
Contracts for the removal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
Vector control contracts, rat extermination, disinfection.
Parque Eolico Talinay Oriente S.A.
19,493,202
11,494,874
7,998,327
1,357,628
20,850,830
F-139
32,426
5,334
8,862
29,713
6,180
10,415
305,701
303,873
3,296,066
91,353
This project corresponds to:- replacement of traditional network by Calpe BT- replacement of concentrical network by Calpe BT- replacement of transformers with loadability problems
3,649,294
The service consists of the maintenance of green areas with replacement of species and grass in Enel substation enclosures.Maintenance tree planting of SSEE and removal of weeds, debris and garbage, exterior perimeter.The withdrawal and transfer was carried out.
340,704
RESPEL MANAGEMENT
Hazardous waste removal and treatment management
19,122
Tree planting of SSEE and removal of weeds, rubble and garbage, exterior perimeter.
1,774,155
1,374
32,096
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENSES CC.CC.
The main expenses incurred are: Operation and maintenance, monitoring air quality and meteorological stations, Environmental audit monitoring network once a year, Annual CEMS Validation, Biomass Protocol Service, Environmental Materials (magazine, books), Isokinetic Measurements, SGI Works (NC objective, inspections, audits and supervision) ISO 14001, OHSAS certification, CEMS operation and maintenance service.
595,987
95,976
500,011
599,144
1,195,131
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENSES CC.TT.
Studies, monitoring, laboratory analysis, removal and final disposal of solid waste in thermoelectric plants (C.T.)
2,048,635
158,028
1,890,607
1,520,333
3,568,968
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENSES CC.HH.
84,113
148,447
232,560
Contracts for vector control, deratization, disinsection.
46,957
104,448
151,405
35,266
44,588
51,716
66,741
118,457
189,321
355,550
544,871
Technical Counterpart Environmental Studies
5,287
32,032
40,578
72,610
8,066
31,591
39,657
222,291
297,167
519,458
56,820
85,150
141,970
21,992
32,918
54,910
6,500
14,319
20,819
313,280
339,170
652,450
3,559
3,650
4,816
1,324
6,140
13,064
18,580
31,644
6,939
4,109
11,048
76,595
2,087
39,521
31,508
71,029
33,992
36,542
70,534
Almeyda Solar Spa
24,435
63,736
64,160
127,896
16,663
28,702
45,365
8,149
12,795
20,944
14,046,722
5,768,806
8,313,182
3,966,677
18,013,399
F-140
As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, summarized financial information of the Company’s principal consolidated subsidiaries prepared under IFRS is as follows:
Financial
Total Assets
Non-Current Liabilities
Total Equity and
Raw Materials andConsumables Used
ContributionMargin
Operating
IncomebeforeTaxes
Total Comprehensive Income
Statements
Grupo Enel Distribución Chile
Consolidated
517,448,832
2,021,184,794
707,079,953
684,979,013
1,390,067,039
(1,219,057,344)
171,009,695
80,618,603
13,031,895
(11,117,156)
1,914,739
20,211,987
22,126,726
(6,670,042)
15,456,684
Separate
1,616,083,142
2,654,629,663
4,270,712,805
899,409,125
1,202,746,824
2,168,556,856
3,666,453,365
(2,927,568,119)
738,885,246
593,454,679
525,197,060
(36,631,364)
635,647,512
(71,927,760)
563,719,752
147,458,665
711,178,417
509,513,449
1,493,545,567
2,003,059,016
695,744,040
629,055,841
678,259,135
1,386,278,469
(1,217,064,139)
169,214,330
79,680,726
14,077,959
(11,098,303)
2,979,657
19,475,413
22,455,070
(6,665,575)
15,789,495
153,652,579
156,567,496
310,220,075
97,367,848
38,214,373
174,637,854
272,441,946
(8,068,518)
264,373,428
256,448,537
248,835,473
5,859,222
254,694,695
(67,785,473)
186,909,222
Enel Transmision Chile S.A. (1)
96,056,284
(2,416,697)
93,639,588
79,237,171
70,500,241
(9,460,824)
61,039,418
(12,513,925)
48,525,493
55,652
48,581,145
Enel X Chile SPA
120,842,754
129,627,868
250,470,622
227,063,403
1,615,388
21,791,831
44,555,174
(19,227,050)
25,328,124
10,911,375
10,785,706
(9,297,839)
918,355
930,710
1,849,065
(72,940)
1,776,125
25,635,151
449,371,985
475,007,136
54,576,871
9,795,709
410,634,556
42,338,738
(2,085,161)
40,253,577
2,484,607
(16,314,492)
(1,906,202)
(18,220,694)
5,882,266
(12,338,428)
436,249
(11,902,178)
127,752,924
84,532,822
212,285,746
12,169,016
25,153,714
174,963,016
27,384,124
(1,255,906)
26,128,218
22,691,033
15,654,610
2,650,649
18,305,259
(5,114,251)
13,191,008
(228,602)
12,962,406
Enel Green Power Chile S.A
155,208,869
3,614,007,070
3,769,215,939
734,804,810
1,950,173,417
1,084,237,712
497,274,888
(247,339,411)
249,935,478
182,795,798
97,069,706
(59,481,555)
37,588,151
(11,322,450)
26,265,701
(2,216,269)
24,049,432
Grupo Enel Green Power
291,452,465
3,734,811,118
4,026,263,583
784,406,218
1,990,260,594
1,251,596,771
510,321,233
(198,979,315)
311,341,918
210,023,156
98,022,568
(54,359,950)
40,852,508
(11,617,745)
29,234,763
7,747,281
36,982,044
Grupo Enel Generación Chile
1,700,122,637
2,707,181,983
4,407,304,620
1,082,602,388
1,240,478,531
2,084,223,701
3,818,906,698
(2,818,054,885)
1,000,851,813
849,770,172
774,032,534
(30,772,142)
751,020,012
(139,713,234)
611,306,778
147,333,179
758,639,957
Total Equity andLiabilities
Gross Operating Income
355,550,335
1,276,352,458
1,631,902,793
597,095,713
355,313,363
679,493,717
1,164,996,417
(1,000,659,317)
164,337,100
72,015,180
16,530,439
(9,474,782)
7,056,882
9,609,968
16,666,850
4,877,440
21,544,290
Grupo Enel Transmisión Chile
48,577,101
314,425,878
363,002,979
172,645,950
15,974,544
174,382,485
69,228,629
(2,571,288)
66,657,341
51,518,389
41,653,048
(2,210,228)
39,442,820
(7,334,537)
32,108,283
203,377
32,311,660
530,408,211
2,705,722,064
3,236,130,275
483,172,950
1,242,808,323
1,510,149,002
1,869,125,271
(1,629,466,468)
239,658,803
110,284,335
16,150,815
(43,993,753)
77,683,613
33,147,652
110,831,265
(130,158,612)
(19,327,347)
352,304,900
1,267,457,144
1,619,762,044
591,495,830
355,253,688
673,012,526
1,160,793,856
(999,492,100)
161,301,756
69,894,610
15,278,349
(9,696,737)
5,581,612
9,752,809
15,334,421
4,866,485
20,200,906
71,263,125
160,836,183
232,099,308
45,665,642
40,961,161
145,472,505
208,152,869
(50,164,405)
157,988,464
149,853,935
142,376,688
1,549,390
143,926,078
(38,959,905)
104,966,173
Enel Transmision Chile S.A.
48,577,102
314,425,879
363,002,981
172,645,951
68,238,700
(2,174,763)
66,063,937
51,053,425
41,201,514
(2,219,446)
41,152,259
(7,234,900)
33,917,359
34,120,736
Empresa De Transmision Chena S.A. (2)
989,929
(396,525)
593,403
464,964
451,535
9,219
460,753
(99,637)
361,116
5,894,673
480,845,799
486,740,472
63,249,169
4,392,957
419,098,346
29,824,491
(751,374)
29,073,117
17,531,064
(3,248,229)
(4,531,802)
(7,780,032)
1,128,172
(6,651,860)
70,443,147
63,791,287
104,653,972
89,697,647
194,351,619
6,633,281
27,036,007
160,682,331
12,818,816
(1,446,268)
11,372,548
8,267,530
2,113,875
59,282
2,173,157
(614,662)
1,558,495
26,745,027
28,303,522
99,047,153
2,955,681,630
3,054,728,783
633,476,536
1,369,691,239
1,051,561,008
314,323,284
(133,738,760)
180,584,524
135,344,197
65,819,037
(18,369,603)
47,449,434
(19,571,243)
27,878,191
167,145,499
195,023,690
197,492,004
3,113,557,814
3,311,049,818
691,255,192
1,405,135,706
1,214,658,920
325,711,059
(109,034,364)
216,676,695
161,136,930
64,308,728
(20,252,770)
43,993,474
(18,854,738)
25,138,736
264,760,275
289,899,011
546,172,832
2,755,711,323
3,301,884,155
508,122,463
1,283,153,774
1,510,607,918
1,899,774,388
(1,505,110,838)
394,663,550
260,005,226
158,527,503
(42,444,363)
129,470,720
(5,812,252)
123,658,468
(129,444,345)
(5,785,877)
582,076,850
1,069,130,548
1,651,207,398
394,984,535
355,577,789
900,645,074
1,382,068,218
265,743,735
158,471,761
99,889,095
105,828,440
82,407,223
(3,032,588)
79,374,635
450,585,522
2,568,790,911
3,019,376,433
346,738,652
962,018,025
1,710,619,756
1,454,983,823
(906,062,618)
548,921,205
421,458,046
(355,272,815)
(47,019,373)
(311,920,879)
154,534,331
(157,386,549)
97,628,933
(59,757,615)
577,456,051
1,060,265,626
1,637,721,677
377,127,464
355,408,175
905,186,038
1,378,024,639
(1,115,217,690)
262,806,949
156,516,439
99,162,164
5,643,080
104,815,531
(23,518,908)
81,296,623
(3,031,870)
78,264,753
57,648,247
165,957,367
223,605,614
43,582,095
42,466,077
137,557,442
162,555,069
(29,660,883)
132,894,186
126,117,737
118,664,949
537,780
119,202,729
(32,100,661)
87,102,068
Enel Green Power Chile Ltda.
2,643,361
656,694
443,065
(728,828)
(285,763)
(27,623)
(313,386)
32,849,632
32,536,246
Empresa Electrica Panguipulli S.A.
36,961,169
(1,553,242)
35,407,927
30,644,413
17,824,133
(2,975,352)
14,848,781
(1,094,018)
13,754,763
3,300,577
17,055,341
6,236,103
400,007,251
406,243,354
47,175,660
322,246
358,745,448
29,621,783
(1,987,867)
27,633,916
22,284,312
4,542,775
(4,106)
4,538,668
(350,271)
4,188,397
(20,985,401)
(16,797,004)
80,718,677
81,224,769
161,943,446
3,322,615
24,923,743
133,697,088
13,327,199
(215,507)
13,111,692
10,119,202
2,877,967
569,821
3,447,787
(1,028,866)
2,418,922
(7,863,429)
(5,444,508)
48,915,258
1,536,057,410
1,584,972,668
337,590,586
542,949,053
704,433,029
176,960,820
(30,028,125)
146,932,695
119,153,489
72,729,793
(24,394,047)
48,335,747
(14,300,689)
34,035,057
(61,492,284)
(27,457,227)
Almeyda Solar S.P.A.
16,915,219
461,620,519
478,535,738
204,561,234
72,286,638
201,687,866
52,290,734
(2,463,593)
49,827,141
41,553,826
24,434,638
(7,386,090)
17,048,548
(4,556,211)
12,492,337
(21,883,149)
(9,390,812)
139,617,642
2,097,626,417
2,237,244,059
579,459,760
644,053,803
1,013,730,496
297,348,087
(12,123,965)
285,224,122
241,778,194
140,591,339
(33,609,299)
106,911,680
(25,014,045)
81,897,635
(63,316,482)
18,581,153
465,808,355
2,625,152,610
3,090,960,965
347,895,331
1,003,735,347
1,739,330,287
1,490,102,269
(811,503,735)
678,598,534
547,442,737
(236,607,867)
(46,481,593)
(271,116,321)
122,433,670
(148,682,651)
97,437,499
(51,245,152)
(1)See Note 2.4.1.v.
(2)See Note 2.4.1.iv.
F-142
The sales price for the property amounted to UF 864,947.84. Of this, UF 768,447.84 (equivalent to ThCh$27,119,224) was paid in cash upon execution of the contract. The remaining UF 96,500 will be paid within two years. The total price for the movable assets sold to Territoria Apoquindo S.A. amounted to Th$405,919, which was also paid in cash.
The agreement with Territoria Santa Rosa SpA establishes that the Group will continue to use the Santa Rosa Complex through a lease until the first half of 2024. From this date onwards, the Company will begin to use tower 2 of the MUT (Mercado Urbano Tobalaba) complex as its new corporate headquarters, which is owned by Territoria Apoquindo S.A. On February 1, 2023, Enel Chile also signed a 7-year lease agreement with Territoria Apoquindo S.A., which will be effective as of May 1, 2023.
Between January 1, 2023 and the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, we are not aware of other events of a financial or any other nature that could significantly affect the financial position and the results presented herein.
APPENDIX 1 DETAIL OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY
This appendix forms an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
The detail of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency is as follows:
U.F.
2,856,333
657,001
16,882
3,065,209
161,803,844
26,263,120
502,775
1,005,404
4,374,199
1,463,980,203
41,156,861
2,092
3,741,016
20,048,882
232,478,706
136,717
65,749,377
9,292,286
2,737,713
112,755,098
7,803,269
Non-current assets or groups of assets for disposal classified as held for sale
28,333,006
268,627
7,609,017
2,585,175,686
234,294,416
235,915,062
1,248,138
1,458,904
58,368,736
70,036
78,178,092
28,213
20,988,425
114,670,586
554,563,222
925,412
109,744,724
81,674,736
21,803
849,345,650
34,267,779
3,212,229,418
3,345,829,232
14,295,344
Right-of-use asset
208,921,326
17,988,526
6,788,580
42,524,495
23,353,134
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS
231,438,691
4,495,358,792
4,052,120,463
15,630,887
239,047,708
7,080,534,478
4,286,414,879
242,703,642
16,879,025
1,964,183
2,077,232
4,368,548
38,910,048
16,741,321
5,593,825
1,212,255
1,913,471
673,441,405
12,501,931
328,320
5,923,226
25,269,387
25,247,475
135,552
20,464,746
8,745,117
1,876,620
25,675
108,728,114
2,808,902
6,417,571
1,094,948,333
132,210,238
33,242,738
1,433,613
16,863,692
21,588,925
926,448
62,133
89,522,912
31,603
7,415,493
507,930,913
439,122
812
9,535,521
116,823,399
74,306,735
91,421
887,257,655
33,820,543
3,303,144,446
2,792,960,024
14,584,291
84,224,468
19,550,176
49,521,196
7,493,021
168,154,950
11,545,786
108,565,786
5,121,513,658
2,979,434,979
15,063,659
114,983,357
6,216,461,991
3,111,645,217
40,735,759
16,497,272
LIABILITIES
Colombian Peso
Other Currency
28,244,737
Current lease liability
11,041,842
100,658
6,429,038
1,449,098
27,565,082
1,336,917,391
371,476,401
7,596,123
324,415
13,497
234,496,436
448,393,609
263,608,529
22,760,982
141,024
327,612,098
6,724,272
28,318,088
4,499,888
486,941
16,685
78,881,887
1,950,205,736
865,767,945
273,140,691
482,124
1,958,245,974
Non-current lease liability
208,182,319
996,108
1,027,260
6,459,232
27,660
308,281,202
Non-current accounts receivable to related parties
164,276,876
25,193,367
36,601,749
162,414,745
433,739,601
265,690,455
3,602,259,261
512,621,488
2,215,896,191
4,468,027,206
279,599,923
52,648,107
5,891,047
81,203
3,654,887
1,477,881
11,595,068
686,640,406
271,863,500
7,550,846
674,667
20,240,202
808,325,434
176,027,245
19,341,067
186,526
228,724
10,686,838
12,453,608
691,075
3,885,531
23,626
53,177,895
749,443,327
1,139,831,398
188,941,503
927,017
1,709,302,329
133,208,951
37,922
8,080,578
7,229,608
27,661
179,369,751
177,253,679
16,859,035
58,397,322
139,019,628
58,091,481
860,105
365,781,000
294,943,350
3,353,550,523
418,958,895
1,044,386,677
4,493,381,921
196,171,111
F-145
-Trade and other receivables by maturity:
CurrentPortfolio
1 - 30 days
past due
31 - 60 days
61 - 90 days
91 - 120 days
121 - 150 days
151 - 180 days
181 - 210 days
211 - 250 days
More than
251 days past due
Trade and Other Receivables
1,063,126,893
165,196,456
20,742,604
13,545,981
19,943,245
20,455,008
20,258,067
12,059,092
10,660,914
91,914,939
Impairment provision
(13,839,714)
(582,502)
(1,202,377)
(1,820,576)
(2,309,882)
(2,940,313)
(2,441,799)
(2,756,571)
(3,164,816)
(34,271,448)
(65,329,998)
(10,767,122)
Accounts receivable for leasing, gross
(262,097)
(1,415,859)
116,120,154
11,474,680
(11,430,368)
1,186,183,021
164,613,954
19,540,227
11,725,405
17,633,363
17,514,695
17,816,268
9,302,521
7,496,098
57,687,803
446,237,669
74,471,160
22,450,779
9,642,258
9,167,019
13,722,247
11,648,433
8,508,022
10,709,953
88,040,199
(12,199,914)
(538,295)
(1,271,819)
(1,612,055)
(2,007,354)
(5,163,509)
(4,464,527)
(4,772,548)
(5,319,334)
(28,566,584)
(65,915,939)
(70,461)
(2,369,901)
11,429,594
(11,429,594)
493,541,082
73,932,865
21,178,960
8,030,203
7,159,665
8,558,738
7,183,906
3,735,474
5,390,619
59,473,615
-By type of portfolio:
Portfolio with no renegotiated terms
Portfolio with renegotiated terms
Total Gross Portfolio
Number of
Amount
clients
Up-to-date
1,978,750
1,049,380,978
83,186
543,329,981
2,061,936
1,592,710,959
2,230,792
527,654,070
26,165
361,525,567
2,256,957
889,179,637
1 to 30 days
40,186
161,637,984
1,428
3,558,472
41,614
102,883
73,364,730
6,645
1,106,430
109,528
31 to 60 days
30,621
19,108,793
1,588
1,633,811
32,209
43,856
21,393,764
4,206
1,057,015
48,062
61 to 90 days
29,542
12,388,582
1,765
1,157,399
31,307
8,738
8,935,098
1,030
707,160
91 to 120 days
44,792
19,164,002
1,411
779,243
46,203
21,811
8,855,902
3,267
311,117
25,078
121 to 150 days
32,952
19,978,533
1,584
476,475
34,536
12,729
12,958,406
2,739
763,841
15,468
151 to 180 days
15,522
19,875,975
970
382,092
16,492
12,155
11,029,547
3,938
618,886
16,093
181 to 210 days
12,464
11,764,028
903
295,064
13,367
6,683
7,587,824
2,759
920,198
9,442
211 to 250 days
32,553
10,467,899
1,430
193,015
33,983
7,367
10,185,568
1,353
524,385
8,720
More than 251 days
735,816
88,792,498
75,189
3,122,441
811,005
484,362
85,302,461
23,839
2,737,738
508,201
2,953,198
1,412,559,272
169,454
554,927,993
3,122,652
1,967,487,265
2,931,376
767,267,370
75,941
370,272,337
3,007,317
1,137,539,707
Portfolio in Default and in Legal Collection Process
Clients
Notes receivable in default
1,856
255,178
1,864
255,977
Notes receivable in legal collection process (*)
3,304,750
1,368
5,608,066
2,611
3,559,928
5,864,043
(*)
Legal collections are included in the portfolio past due.
Provisions and Write-offs
Allowance for portfolio with no renegotiated terms
13,738,391
10,188,647
Allowance for portfolio with renegotiated terms
8,893,362
8,576,528
Recoveries of the period
74,833
22,706,586
Total detail by type of transactionThCh$
Total detail by type of operationThCh$
Number and Amount of Transactions
Last Quarter
Year-to-date
Allowance for impairment and recoveries:
Number of Transactions
26,010
33,861
24,625
83,672
Amount of the transactions
5,303,963
3,840,423
F-147
APPENDIX 2.1 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON TRADE RECEIVABLES:
Trade receivables
Up-to-datePortfolio
1-30 days past due
31-60 days past due
More than 251
days past due
More than 365
Trade receivables, Generation and Transmission
654,985,092
143,536,076
8,891,588
5,258,816
12,773,438
13,785,800
15,520,362
8,046,533
6,266,126
745,668
16,622,321
886,431,820
45,059,200
- Large customers
650,526,145
143,493,478
8,872,845
5,125,060
12,752,139
13,778,132
15,518,658
8,044,829
6,264,422
421,075
16,219,836
881,016,619
- Institutional customers
- Others
4,458,947
42,598
18,743
133,756
21,299
7,668
1,704
324,593
402,485
5,415,201
Allowance for impairment
(121,270)
(2,556)
(5,104,847)
(5,228,673)
(105,869)
Unbilled services
640,741,166
1,858,103
Billed services
14,243,926
245,690,654
43,201,097
Trade receivables, Distribution
408,141,801
21,660,380
11,851,016
8,287,165
7,169,807
6,669,208
4,737,705
4,012,559
4,394,788
8,884,006
65,662,944
551,471,379
484,524,866
- Mass-market customers
366,272,977
18,467,498
8,246,806
5,884,359
5,064,562
4,915,647
3,712,699
3,057,882
3,318,993
6,753,036
44,500,915
470,195,374
451,150,735
36,208,465
834,666
1,075,417
510,124
488,532
547,488
199,112
429,147
318,026
678,559
6,609,561
47,899,097
7,855,802
5,660,359
2,358,216
2,528,793
1,892,682
1,616,713
1,206,073
825,894
525,530
757,769
1,452,411
14,552,468
33,376,908
25,518,329
(13,718,444)
(6,244,946)
(22,919,099)
(60,101,325)
(10,661,253)
332,260,920
447,746,461
75,880,881
219,210,459
36,778,403
Total trade receivables, gross
9,629,674
82,285,265
Total Allowance for impairment
(6,247,502)
(28,023,946)
Total trade receivables, net
1,049,287,179
3,382,172
1 - 30 dayspast due
31 - 60 dayspast due
61 - 90 dayspast due
91 - 120 dayspast due
121 - 150 dayspast due
151 - 180 dayspast due
181 - 210 dayspast due
211 - 250 dayspast due
More than 251days past due
More than 365days past due
239,206,312
53,529,239
5,068,187
1,699,828
555,824
529,143
1,642,032
780,749
1,662,418
3,827,927
11,826,850
320,328,509
98,464,396
236,623,099
53,489,015
5,048,035
1,679,005
526,570
486,746
1,536,563
731,150
1,624,299
3,540,039
11,424,365
316,708,886
2,583,213
40,224
20,152
20,823
29,254
42,397
105,469
49,599
38,119
287,888
3,619,623
(831,459)
(34)
(44,694)
(33,223)
(10,689)
(25,879)
(83,565)
(113,137)
(12,055)
(23,558)
(3,426,898)
(4,605,191)
48,467,567
5,315,369
190,738,745
271,860,942
93,149,027
207,031,357
20,941,921
17,382,592
7,942,430
8,611,195
13,193,104
10,006,401
7,727,273
9,047,535
14,466,560
57,918,862
374,269,230
344,477,572
184,932,481
5,491,380
13,707,222
6,926,780
2,531,592
8,515,887
5,638,984
4,846,195
5,421,728
11,551,826
44,481,081
294,045,156
338,671,964
21,292,324
15,164,974
2,576,480
(67,893)
3,960,872
2,161,778
1,573,396
1,129,525
550,515
1,061,673
4,931,358
54,335,002
604,764
806,552
285,567
1,098,890
1,083,543
2,118,731
2,515,439
2,794,021
1,751,553
3,075,292
1,853,061
8,506,423
25,889,072
5,200,844
(11,368,455)
(538,261)
(1,227,125)
(1,578,832)
(1,996,665)
(5,137,630)
(4,380,962)
(4,659,411)
(5,307,279)
(9,975,061)
(15,141,067)
(61,310,748)
198,801,542
8,229,815
175,467,688
18,294,487
69,745,712
(9,998,619)
(18,567,965)
434,037,755
8,295,868
51,177,747
Because not all of our commercial databases in our Group’s different consolidated entities distinguish whether the final electricity service consumer is an individual or legal entity, the main management segmentation used by all consolidated entities to monitor and follow up on trade receivables is the following:
Type of Portfolio
Up-to-dateportfolio
Total current
Total non-current
GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION
17,367,989
16,640,911
- Other
727,078
DISTRIBUTION
348,967,768
18,101,908
10,217,205
7,129,766
6,390,564
6,192,733
4,355,613
3,717,495
4,201,773
71,424,509
480,699,334
368,918
311,820,388
14,959,951
6,613,958
4,729,193
4,285,454
4,439,308
3,330,743
2,762,818
3,102,394
48,799,268
404,843,475
63,972
35,302,143
787,279
508,243
341,610
7,288,119
46,967,090
304,946
1,845,237
2,354,678
2,527,830
1,892,330
1,616,578
1,205,937
825,758
15,337,122
28,888,769
59,174,033
70,772,045
484,155,948
54,452,589
3,507,547
1,632,848
1,155,166
779,107
476,339
381,956
2,454,684
65,328,315
451,086,763
906,322
47,387
1,881
955,590
7,550,856
3,815,122
3,538
963
352
667,757
4,488,140
Total gross portfolio
Current Portfolio
Total Non-
15,654,777
14,964,404
690,373
189,612,249
19,835,491
16,325,577
7,235,270
8,300,078
12,429,263
9,387,515
6,807,075
8,523,150
69,647,684
348,103,352
371,113
169,498,416
4,481,996
12,726,746
6,237,619
2,318,628
7,952,717
5,174,721
4,385,681
4,964,847
53,705,922
271,447,293
125,705
20,575,913
15,120,780
2,552,779
(85,892)
2,145,245
1,573,146
1,129,274
5,993,031
53,515,663
245,408
(462,080)
232,715
1,046,052
2,020,578
2,331,301
2,639,648
1,292,120
3,007,788
9,948,731
23,140,396
17,419,108
26,165,878
344,106,459
15,434,064
1,009,382
980,476
689,161
212,965
563,170
464,262
460,514
456,881
2,326,986
22,597,861
338,546,260
- Large Customers
716,411
44,195
23,701
17,999
16,533
251
819,341
359,355
- Institutional Customers
1,268,633
52,853
52,838
98,152
184,138
154,373
459,433
67,504
410,752
2,748,676
F-149
APPENDIX 2.2 ESTIMATES OF SALES AND PURCHASES OF ENERGY, POWER AND TOLL
Energy and
Capacity
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
771,542,899
44,081,383
302,100,766
11,112,332
Trade and other receivables, non-current
441,133,414
389,606,316
Total Estimated Assets
1,212,676,313
691,707,082
116,540,839
23,547,980
106,108,407
5,855,074
Trade and other payables, non-current
288,973,001
157,402,765
Total Estimated Liabilities
405,513,840
263,511,172
power
INCOME STATEMENT
Energy Sales
812,406,845
38,856,793
466,620,691
Energy Purchases
248,111,074
151,312,313
APPENDIX 3 DETAIL OF DUE DATES OF PAYMENTS TO SUPPLIERS
Goods
Services
Suppliers with Payments Up-to-Date
Up to 30 days
165,444,247
749,444,690
545,460,293
1,460,349,230
84,896,490
342,566,432
320,708,771
748,171,693
Between 31 and 60 days
5,776,032
193,190
41,334,530
47,303,752
3,032,565
1,403,461
45,157,514
49,593,540
Between 61 and 90 days
9,877,476
538,317
20,753,733
31,169,526
14,137,065
30,231
102,236,202
116,403,498
Between 91 and 120 days
Between 121 and 365 days
More than 365 days
308,175,025
179,311,985
181,097,755
750,176,684
915,723,581
1,846,998,020
102,066,120
344,000,611
647,414,472
1,093,481,203
Suppliers Details
Suppliers for energy purchase
228,033,131
584,217,799
812,250,930
94,049,964
319,420,457
413,470,421
Suppliers for the purchase of fuels and gas
Accounts payable for goods and services
68,929,751
285,307,363
354,237,114
29,508,717
163,662,643
193,171,360
Accounts payable for the purchase of assets
112,168,004
331,505,782
443,673,786
72,557,403
327,994,015
400,551,418