UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2014
Commission File Number 001-33653
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
Fifth Third Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45263
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (800) 972-3030
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
There were 824,006,919 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, without par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2014.
FINANCIAL CONTENTS
Part I. Financial Information
Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Item 2)
Selected Financial Data
Overview
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Recent Accounting Standards
Critical Accounting Policies
Statements of Income Analysis
Balance Sheet Analysis
Business Segment Review
Risk Management—Overview
Credit Risk Management
Market Risk Management
Liquidity Risk Management
Capital Management
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk (Item 3)
Controls and Procedures (Item 4)
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes (Item 1)
Balance Sheets (unaudited)
Statements of Income (unaudited)
Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)
Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited)
Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Part II. Other Information
Legal Proceedings (Item 1)
Risk Factors (Item 1A)
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds (Item 2)
Exhibits (Item 6)
Signatures
Certifications
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains statements that we believe are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 175 promulgated thereunder, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 3b-6 promulgated thereunder. These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. They usually can be identified by the use of forward-looking language such as “will likely result,” “may,” “are expected to,” “is anticipated,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “projected,” “intends to,” or may include other similar words or phrases such as “believes,” “plans,” “trend,” “objective,” “continue,” “remain,” or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “can,” or similar verbs. You should not place undue reliance on these statements, as they are subject to risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the risk factors set forth in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind these risks and uncertainties, as well as any cautionary statements we may make. Moreover, you should treat these statements as speaking only as of the date they are made and based only on information then actually known to us. There are a number of important factors that could cause future results to differ materially from historical performance and these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to: (1) general economic conditions and weakening in the economy, specifically the real estate market, either nationally or in the states in which Fifth Third, one or more acquired entities and/or the combined company do business, are less favorable than expected; (2) deteriorating credit quality; (3) political developments, wars or other hostilities may disrupt or increase volatility in securities markets or other economic conditions; (4) changes in the interest rate environment reduce interest margins; (5) prepayment speeds, loan origination and sale volumes, charge-offs and loan loss provisions; (6) Fifth Third’s ability to maintain required capital levels and adequate sources of funding and liquidity; (7) maintaining capital requirements and adequate sources of funding and liquidity may limit Fifth Third’s operations and potential growth; (8) changes and trends in capital markets; (9) problems encountered by larger or similar financial institutions may adversely affect the banking industry and/or Fifth Third; (10) competitive pressures among depository institutions increase significantly; (11) effects of critical accounting policies and judgments; (12) changes in accounting policies or procedures as may be required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or other regulatory agencies; (13) legislative or regulatory changes or actions, or significant litigation, adversely affect Fifth Third, one or more acquired entities and/or the combined company or the businesses in which Fifth Third, one or more acquired entities and/or the combined company are engaged, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (14) ability to maintain favorable ratings from rating agencies; (15) fluctuation of Fifth Third’s stock price; (16) ability to attract and retain key personnel; (17) ability to receive dividends from its subsidiaries; (18) potentially dilutive effect of future acquisitions on current shareholders’ ownership of Fifth Third; (19) effects of accounting or financial results of one or more acquired entities; (20) difficulties from Fifth Third’s investment in, relationship with, and nature of the operations of Vantiv, LLC; (21) loss of income from any sale or potential sale of businesses that could have an adverse effect on Fifth Third’s earnings and future growth; (22) ability to secure confidential information and deliver products and services through the use of computer systems and telecommunications networks; and (23) the impact of reputational risk created by these developments on such matters as business generation and retention, funding and liquidity.
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Fifth Third Bancorp provides the following list of abbreviations and acronyms as a tool for the reader that are used in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
ALCO: Asset Liability Management Committee
ALLL: Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
AOCI: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
ARM: Adjustable Rate Mortgage
ATM: Automated Teller Machine
BCBS: Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
BHC: Bank Holding Company
BOLI: Bank Owned Life Insurance
BPO: Broker Price Opinion
bps: Basis points
CCAR:Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CDC: Fifth Third Community Development Corporation
CFE: Collateralized Financing Entity
CFPB: United States Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
C&I: Commercial and Industrial
DCF: Discounted Cash Flow
ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act
ERM: Enterprise Risk Management
ERMC: Enterprise Risk Management Committee
EVE: Economic Value of Equity
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
FHLMC: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FICO: Fair Isaac Corporation (credit rating)
FNMA: Federal National Mortgage Association
FRB: Federal Reserve Bank
FTE: Fully Taxable Equivalent
FTP: Funds Transfer Pricing
FTS:Fifth Third Securities
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
GSE: Government Sponsored Enterprise
HAMP: Home Affordable Modification Program
HARP: Home Affordable Refinance Program
HQLA: High Quality Liquid Assets
IPO: Initial Public Offering
IRC: Internal Revenue Code
IRLC:Interest Rate Lock Commitment
ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.
LCR: Liquidity Coverage Ratio
LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate
LLC: Limited Liability Company
LTV: Loan-to-Value
MD&A:Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MSR: Mortgage Servicing Right
N/A: Not Applicable
NII: Net Interest Income
NM: Not Meaningful
NSFR: Net Stable Funding Ratio
OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI: Other Comprehensive Income
OREO: Other Real Estate Owned
OTTI: Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
PMI: Private Mortgage Insurance
SBA: Small Business Administration
SEC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission
TBA: To Be Announced
TDR: Troubled Debt Restructuring
TruPS: Trust Preferred Securities
U.S.: United States of America
U.S. GAAP: United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
VIE: Variable Interest Entity
VRDN: Variable Rate Demand Note
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The following is MD&A of certain significant factors that have affected Fifth Third Bancorp’s (the “Bancorp” or “Fifth Third”) financial condition and results of operations during the periods included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which are a part of this filing. Reference to the Bancorp incorporates the parent holding company and all consolidated subsidiaries.
TABLE 1: Selected Financial Data
($ in millions, except for per share data)
Income Statement Data
Net interest income(a)
Noninterest income
Total revenue(a)
Provision for loan and lease losses
Noninterest expense
Net income attributable to Bancorp
Net income available to common shareholders
Common Share Data
Earnings per share, basic
Earnings per share, diluted
Cash dividends per common share
Book value per share
Market value per share
Financial Ratios (%)
Return on average assets
Return on average common equity
Dividend payout ratio
Average Bancorp shareholders’ equity as a percent of average assets
Tangible common equity(b)
Net interest margin(a)
Efficiency(a)
Credit Quality
Net losses charged off
Net losses charged off as a percent of average loans and leases(d)
ALLL as a percent of portfolio loans and leases
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of portfolio loans and leases(c)
Nonperforming assets as a percent of portfolio loans, leases and other assets, including other real estate owned(d)
Average Balances
Loans and leases, including held for sale
Total securities and other short-term investments
Total assets
Transaction deposits(e)
Core deposits(f)
Wholesale funding(g)
Bancorp shareholders’ equity
Regulatory Capital Ratios (%)
Tier I risk-based capital
Total risk-based capital
Tier I leverage
Tier I common equity(b)
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)
OVERVIEW
Fifth Third Bancorp is a diversified financial services company headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. At September 30, 2014, the Bancorp had $134.2 billion in assets, operated 15 affiliates with 1,308 full-service Banking Centers, including 102 Bank Mart® locations open seven days a week inside select grocery stores, and 2,639 ATMs in 12 states throughout the Midwestern and Southeastern regions of the U.S. The Bancorp reports on four business segments: Commercial Banking, Branch Banking, Consumer Lending and Investment Advisors. The Bancorp also has a 23% interest in Vantiv Holding, LLC. The carrying value of the Bancorp’s investment in Vantiv Holding, LLC was $388 million as of September 30, 2014.
This overview of MD&A highlights selected information in the financial results of the Bancorp and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. For a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources and critical accounting policies and estimates, you should carefully read this entire document as well as the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. Each of these items could have an impact on the Bancorp’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, see the Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms in this report for a list of terms included as a tool for the reader of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The abbreviations and acronyms identified therein are used throughout this MD&A, as well as the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Bancorp believes that banking is first and foremost a relationship business where the strength of the competition and challenges for growth can vary in every market. The Bancorp believes its affiliate operating model provides a competitive advantage by emphasizing individual relationships. Through its affiliate operating model, individual managers at all levels within the affiliates are given the opportunity to tailor financial solutions for their customers.
Net interest income, net interest margin and the efficiency ratio are presented in MD&A on an FTE basis. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of income from certain loans and securities held by the Bancorp that are not taxable for federal income tax purposes. The Bancorp believes this presentation to be the preferred industry measurement of net interest income as it provides a relevant comparison between taxable and non-taxable amounts.
The Bancorp’s revenues are dependent on both net interest income and noninterest income. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, net interest income, on an FTE basis, and noninterest income provided 64% and 36% of total revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net interest income, on an FTE basis, and noninterest income provided 60% and 40% of total revenue, respectively. The Bancorp derives the majority of its revenues within the U.S. from customers domiciled in the U.S. Revenue from foreign countries and external customers domiciled in foreign countries was immaterial to the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in interest rates, credit quality, economic trends and the capital markets are primary factors that drive the performance of the Bancorp. As discussed later in the Risk Management section, risk identification, measurement, monitoring, control and reporting are important to the management of risk and to the financial performance and capital strength of the Bancorp.
Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on assets such as loans, leases and securities, and interest expense incurred on liabilities such as deposits, other short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Net interest income is affected by the general level of interest rates, the relative level of short-term and long-term interest rates, changes in interest rates and changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Generally, the rates of interest the Bancorp earns on its assets and pays on its liabilities are established for a period of time. The change in market interest rates over time exposes the Bancorp to interest rate risk through potential adverse changes to net interest income and financial position. The Bancorp manages this risk by continually analyzing and adjusting the composition of its assets and liabilities based on their payment streams and interest rates, the timing of their maturities and their sensitivity to changes in market interest rates. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, the Bancorp enters into certain derivative transactions as part of its overall strategy to manage its interest rate and prepayment risks. The Bancorp is also exposed to the risk of losses on its loan and lease portfolio, as a result of changing expected cash flows caused by borrower credit events, such as, loan defaults and inadequate collateral due to a weakened economy within the Bancorp’s footprint.
Noninterest income is derived primarily from service charges on deposits, corporate banking revenue, investment advisory revenue, mortgage banking net revenue, card and processing revenue and other noninterest income. Noninterest expense is primarily driven by personnel costs, net occupancy expenses, technology and communication costs and other noninterest expense.
Accelerated Share Repurchase Transactions
During 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Bancorp entered into a number of accelerated share repurchase transactions. As part of these transactions, the Bancorp entered into forward contracts in which the final number of shares delivered at settlement was based generally on a discount to the average daily volume weighted average price of the Bancorp’s common stock during the term of the repurchase agreements. For more information on the accelerated share repurchase program, see Note 15 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For a summary of the Bancorp’s accelerated share repurchase transactions that were entered into or settled during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 refer to Table 2.
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TABLE 2: Summary of Accelerated Share Repurchase Transactions
Repurchase Date
November 18, 2013
December 13, 2013
January 31, 2014
May 1, 2014
July 24, 2014
For further information on a subsequent event related to capital actions refer to Note 24.
Preferred Stock Offering
On June 5, 2014, the Bancorp issued in a registered public offering 300,000 depositary shares, representing 12,000 shares of 4.90% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative Series J perpetual preferred stock, for net proceeds of $297 million. The Series J preferred shares are not convertible into Bancorp common shares or any other securities. For additional information on the preferred stock offering, refer to Note 15 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Senior Notes Offerings
On February 28, 2014, the Bancorp issued and sold $500 million of 2.30% unsecured senior fixed-rate notes, with a maturity of five years, due on March 1, 2019. These notes will be redeemable by the Bancorp, in whole or in part, on or after the date that is 30 days prior to the maturity date at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding the redemption date.
On April 25, 2014, the Bank issued and sold $1.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior bank notes. The bank notes consisted of $850 million of 2.375% senior fixed-rate notes, with a maturity of five years, due on April 25, 2019; and $650 million of 1.35% senior fixed-rate notes with a maturity of three years, due on June 1, 2017. These bank notes will be redeemable by the Bank, in whole or in part, on or after the date that is 30 days prior to the maturity date at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date.
On September 5, 2014, the Bank issued and sold $850 million of 2.875% unsecured senior fixed-rate bank notes, with a maturity of seven years, due on October 1, 2021. These bank notes will be redeemable by the Bank, in whole or in part, on or after the date that is 30 days prior to the maturity date at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date.
For additional information on the senior notes offerings, refer to Note 14 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Automobile Loan Securitizations
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Bancorp transferred approximately $2.8 billion in fixed-rate consumer automobile loans to bankruptcy remote trusts which were deemed to be VIEs. The Bancorp concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and, therefore, has consolidated these VIEs. For additional information on the automobile loan securitizations, refer to Note 10 and Note 24 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Legislative Developments
On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was signed into federal law. This act implements changes to the financial services industry and affects the lending, deposit, investment, trading and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies. The legislation establishes a CFPB responsible for implementing and enforcing compliance with consumer financial laws, changes the methodology for determining deposit insurance assessments, gives the FRB the ability to regulate and limit interchange rates charged to merchants for the use of debit cards, enacts new limitations on proprietary trading, broadens the scope of derivative instruments subject to regulation, requires on-going stress tests and the submission of annual capital plans for certain organizations and requires changes to rules governing regulatory capital ratios. This act also calls for federal regulatory agencies to conduct multiple studies over several years in order to implement its provisions. While the total impact of the fully implemented Dodd-Frank Act on the Bancorp is not currently known, the impact is expected to be substantial and may have an adverse impact on the Bancorp’s financial performance and growth opportunities.
The FRB launched the 2014 capital planning and stress testing program, CCAR, on November 1, 2013. The CCAR program requires BHCs with $50 billion or more of total consolidated assets to submit annual capital plans to the FRB for review and to conduct stress tests under a number of economic scenarios. The capital plan and stress testing results were submitted by the Bancorp to the FRB on January 6, 2014.
In March of 2014, the FRB disclosed its estimates of participating institutions results under the FRB supervisory stress scenario, including capital results, which assume all banks take certain consistently applied future capital actions. In addition, the FRB disclosed its estimates of participating institutions results under the FRB supervisory severe stress scenarios including capital results based on each company’s own base scenario capital actions.
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On March 26, 2014, the Bancorp announced the results of its capital plan submitted to the FRB as part of the 2014 CCAR. The FRB indicated to the Bancorp that it did not object to the following capital actions for the period beginning April 1, 2014 and ending March 31, 2015:
The potential increase in the quarterly common stock dividend to $0.13 per share;
The potential repurchase of common shares in an amount up to $669 million;
The additional ability to repurchase shares in the amount of any after-tax gains from the sale of Vantiv, Inc. common stock; and
The issuance of $300 million in preferred stock
For more information on the 2014 CCAR results, refer to the Capital Management section of MD&A.
The Bancorp and other large bank holding companies are required to conduct a separate mid-year stress test using financial data as of March 31st under three company-derived macro-economic scenarios (base, adverse and severely adverse). As required, the Bancorp reported the mid-cycle stress test results to the FRB on July 7, 2014. In addition, the Bancorp published a Form 8-K providing a summary of the results under the severely adverse scenario on September 18, 2014, which is available on Fifth Third’s website at https://www.53.com. These results represented estimates of the Bancorp’s results from the second quarter of 2014 through the second quarter of 2016 under the severely adverse scenario, which is considered highly unlikely to occur.
Fifth Third offers qualified deposit customers a deposit advance product if they choose to avail themselves of this product to meet short-term, small-dollar financial needs. In April of 2013, the CFPB issued a “White Paper” which studied financial services industry offerings and customer use of deposit advance products as well as payday loans and is considering whether rules governing these products are warranted. At the same time, the OCC and FDIC each issued proposed supervisory guidance for public comment to institutions they supervise which supplements existing OCC and FDIC guidance, detailing the principles they expect financial institutions to follow in connection with deposit advance products and supervisory expectations for the use of deposit advance products. The Federal Reserve also issued a statement in April to state member banks like Fifth Third for whom the Federal Reserve is the primary regulator. This statement encouraged state member banks to respond to customers’ small-dollar credit needs in a responsible manner; emphasized that they should take into consideration the risks associated with deposit advance products, including potential consumer harm and potential elevated compliance risk; and reminded them that these product offerings must comply with applicable laws and regulations.
Fifth Third’s deposit advance product is designed to fully comply with the applicable federal and state laws and use of this product is subject to strict eligibility requirements and advance restriction guidelines to limit dependency on this product as a borrowing source. The Bancorp’s deposit advance balances are included in other consumer loans and leases in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent substantially all of the revenue reported in interest and fees on other consumer loans and leases in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and in Tables 6 and 7 in the Statements of Income Analysis section of MD&A. On January 17, 2014, given developments in industry practice, Fifth Third announced that it will no longer enroll new customers in its deposit advance product and expected to phase out the service to existing customers by the end of 2014. To avoid a disruption to its existing customers during the extension period while the banking industry awaits further regulatory guidance on the deposit advance product, on November 3, 2014, Fifth Third announced changes to its current deposit advance product for existing customers beginning January 1, 2015, including a lower transaction fee, an extended repayment period and a reduced maximum advance period. The Bancorp currently expects to continue to offer the service to existing deposit advance customers until further regulatory guidance is provided. The Bancorp is currently in the process of evaluating the impact to its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from changes to the deposit advance product.
In December of 2010 and revised in June of 2011, the BCBS issued Basel III, a global regulatory framework, to enhance international capital standards. In June of 2012, U.S. banking regulators proposed enhancements to the regulatory capital requirements for U.S. banks, which implement aspects of Basel III, such as re-defining the regulatory capital elements and minimum capital ratios, introducing regulatory capital buffers above those minimums, revising the agencies’ rules for calculating risk-weighted assets and introducing a new Tier I common equity ratio. In July of 2013, U.S. banking regulators approved the final enhanced regulatory capital rules (Basel III Final Rule), which included modifications to the proposed rules. The Bancorp continues to evaluate the Basel III Final Rule and its potential impact. For more information on the impact of the regulatory capital enhancements, refer to the Capital Management section of MD&A. Refer to the Non-GAAP section of MD&A for an estimate of the Basel III Tier I common equity ratio.
On December 10, 2013, the banking agencies finalized section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, known as the Volcker Rule, which became effective April 1, 2014. Though the final rule was effective April 1, 2014, the Federal Reserve has granted the industry an extension of time until July 21, 2015 to conform activities to be in compliance with the Volcker Rule. It is possible that additional conformance period extensions could be granted either to the entire industry, or, upon request, to requesting banking organizations on a case-by-case basis. With respect to certain aspects of the Volcker Rule prohibitions, such as the ability to continue to hold covered fund investments, the Bancorp anticipates that it will request an extension to conform its activities to the Volcker Rule if an industry-wide extension is not granted by the Federal Reserve. The final rule prohibits banks and bank holding companies from engaging in short-term proprietary trading of certain securities, derivatives, commodity futures and options on these instruments for their own account. The Volcker Rule also restricts banks and their affiliated entities from owning, sponsoring or having certain relationships with private equity and hedge funds, as well as holding certain collateralized loan obligations that are deemed to contain ownership interests. Exemptions are provided for certain activities such as underwriting, market making, hedging, trading in certain government obligations and organizing and offering a hedge fund or private equity fund. Fifth Third does not sponsor any private equity or hedge funds that, under the final rule, it is prohibited from sponsoring. As of September 30, 2014, the Bancorp held no collateralized loan obligations. As of September 30, 2014, the Bancorp had approximately $177 million in interests and approximately $66 million in binding commitments to invest in private equity funds that are affected by the Volcker Rule. It is expected that over time the Bancorp may need to sell or redeem these investments, however no formal plan to sell has been approved as of September 30, 2014. The Bancorp believes it is likely that these investments will be reduced over time in the ordinary course of events before compliance is required.
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On October 10, 2014, the U.S. Banking Agencies published final rules implementing a quantitative liquidity requirement consistent with the LCR standard established by the BCBS for large internationally active banking organizations, generally those with $250 billion or more in total consolidated assets or $10 billion or more in on-balance sheet foreign exposure. In addition, a modified LCR requirement was implemented for BHCs with $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets but that are not internationally active, such as Fifth Third. The modified LCR is effective January 1, 2016 and requires BHCs to calculate its LCR on a monthly basis. Refer to the Liquidity Risk Management section of MD&A for further discussion on these ratios.
On July 31, 2013, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia issued an order granting summary judgment to the plaintiffs in a case challenging certain provisions of the FRB’s rule concerning electronic debit card transaction fees and network exclusivity arrangements (the “Current Rule”) that were adopted to implement Section 1075 of the Dodd-Frank Act, known as the Durbin Amendment. The Court held that, in adopting the Current Rule, the FRB violated the Durbin Amendment’s provisions concerning which costs are allowed to be taken into account for purposes of setting fees that are reasonable and proportional to the costs incurred by the issuer and therefore the Current Rule’s maximum permissible fees were too high. In addition, the Court held that the Current Rule’s network non-exclusivity provisions concerning unaffiliated payment networks for debit cards also violated the Durbin Amendment. The Court vacated the Current Rule, but stayed its ruling to provide the FRB an opportunity to replace the invalidated portions. The FRB appealed this decision and on March 21, 2014, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court’s grant of summary judgment and remanded the case for further proceedings in accordance with its opinion. The merchants have filed a petition for writ of certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court. If this decision is ultimately overturned and/or the FRB re-issues rules for purposes of implementing the Durbin Amendment in a manner consistent with the District Court decision, the amount of debit card interchange fees the Bancorp would be permitted to charge likely would be reduced. Refer to the Noninterest Income subsection of the Statements of Income Analysis section of MD&A for further information regarding the Bancorp’s debit card interchange revenue.
Earnings Summary
The Bancorp’s net income available to common shareholders for the third quarter of 2014 was $328 million, or $0.39 per diluted share, which was net of $12 million in preferred stock dividends. The Bancorp’s net income available to common shareholders for the third quarter of 2013 was $421 million, or $0.47 per diluted share. The Bancorp’s net income available to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $1.1 billion, or $1.23 per diluted share, which was net of $44 million in preferred stock dividends. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Bancorp’s net income available to common shareholders was $1.4 billion, or $1.58 per diluted share, which was net of $18 million in preferred stock dividends. Pre-provision net revenue was $535 million and $1.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to $655 million and $2.2 billion for the same periods in 2013. Pre-provision net revenue is a non-GAAP measure. For further information, see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of MD&A.
Net interest income was $908 million and $2.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to $898 million and $2.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, net interest income was positively impacted by increases in average taxable securities of $6.0 billion and $5.8 billion, respectively, coupled with increases in yields on these securities of 12 bps and 24 bps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Net interest income also included the benefit of increases in average loans and leases of $2.3 billion and $1.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, as well as a decrease in the rates paid on long-term debt compared to the same periods in the prior year. These benefits were partially offset by lower yields on loans and leases and increases in average long-term debt of $6.5 billion and $4.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Net interest margin was 3.10% and 3.16% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to 3.31% and 3.35% for the same periods in the prior year.
Noninterest income decreased $201 million and $704 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year primarily due to decreases in mortgage banking net revenue and other noninterest income. Mortgage banking net revenue decreased $60 million and $326 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year primarily due to decreases in net mortgage servicing revenue and origination fees and gains on loan sales. Other noninterest income decreased $152 million and $408 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 included the impact of a gain of $85 million on the sale of Vantiv, Inc. shares in the third quarter of 2013. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 included the impact of a gain of $125 million on the sale of Vantiv, Inc. shares in the second quarter of 2014 compared to gains totaling $327 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Additionally, other noninterest income decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods in the prior year due to an increase in the negative valuation adjustment on the stock warrant associated with Vantiv Holding LLC, a decrease in equity method earnings from Vantiv Holding, LLC, and an increase in the loss associated with the Visa total return swap.
Noninterest expense decreased $71 million and $180 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2013. The decreases were primarily due to decreases in total personnel costs and other noninterest expense. Total personnel costs decreased $40 million and $135 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year primarily due to a decrease in incentive compensation primarily in the mortgage business due to lower production levels and a decrease in base compensation and employee benefits as a result of a decline in the number of full-time equivalent employees. Other noninterest expense decreased $40 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to decreases in litigation settlements and reserve expenses, loan closing and appraisal costs, and
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FDIC insurance and other taxes. Other noninterest expense decreased $70 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to decreases in loan closing and appraisal costs, FDIC insurance and other taxes, marketing expenses, and the provision for representation and warranty claims partially offset by an increase in impairment on affordable housing investments and litigation settlements and reserve expenses.
For more information on net interest income, noninterest income, and noninterest expense, refer to the Statements of Income Analysis section of MD&A.
Credit Summary
The provision for loan and lease losses was $71 million and $216 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to $51 million and $176 million during the same periods in 2013. Net charge-offs as a percent of average portfolio loans and leases increased to 0.50% during the third quarter of 2014 compared to 0.49% during the third quarter of 2013 and increased to 0.57% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 0.54% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. At September 30, 2014, nonperforming assets as a percent of portfolio loans, leases and other assets, including OREO (excluding nonaccrual loans held for sale) decreased to 0.88%, compared to 1.10% at December 31, 2013. For further discussion on credit quality, see the Credit Risk Management section of MD&A.
Capital Summary
The Bancorp’s capital ratios exceed the “well-capitalized” guidelines as defined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. As of September 30, 2014, the Tier I risk-based capital ratio was 10.83%, the Tier I leverage ratio was 9.82% and the Total risk-based capital ratio was 14.34%.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The Bancorp considers many factors when determining the adequacy of its liquidity profile, including its LCR as defined by the U.S. Banking Agencies Basel III LCR final rule. Generally, the LCR is designed to ensure banks maintain an adequate level of unencumbered HQLA to satisfy the estimated net cash outflows under a 30-day stress scenario. The Bancorp will be subject to the Modified LCR whereby the net cash outflow under the 30-day stress scenario is multiplied by a factor of 0.7. The final rule is not effective for the Bancorp until January 1, 2016. The Bancorp believes there is no comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure to LCR. The Bancorp believes providing an estimated LCR is important for comparability to other financial institutions. For a further discussion on liquidity management and the LCR, see the Liquidity Risk Management section of MD&A.
TABLE 3: Non-GAAP Financial Measures—Liquidity Coverage Ratio
As of ($ in millions)
High Quality Liquid Assets
Estimated net cash outflow
Estimated Modified LCR
Pre-provision net revenue is net interest income plus noninterest income minus noninterest expense. The Bancorp believes this measure is important because it provides a ready view of the Bancorp’s pre-tax earnings before the impact of provision expense.
The following table reconciles the non-GAAP financial measure of pre-provision net revenue to U.S. GAAP:
TABLE 4: Non-GAAP Financial Measures—Pre-Provision Net Revenue
($ in millions)
Income before income taxes (U.S. GAAP)
Add: Provision expense (U.S. GAAP)
Pre-provision net revenue
The Bancorp considers various measures when evaluating capital utilization and adequacy, including the tangible equity ratio, tangible common equity ratio and Tier I common equity ratio, in addition to capital ratios defined by banking regulators. These calculations are intended to complement the capital ratios defined by banking regulators for both absolute and comparative purposes. Because U.S. GAAP does not include capital ratio measures, the Bancorp believes there are no comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures to these ratios. These ratios are not formally defined by U.S. GAAP or codified in the federal banking regulations and, therefore, are considered to be non-GAAP financial measures. Since analysts and banking regulators may assess the Bancorp’s capital adequacy using these ratios, the Bancorp believes they are useful to provide investors the ability to assess its capital adequacy on the same basis.
The Bancorp believes these non-GAAP measures are important because they reflect the level of capital available to withstand unexpected market conditions. Additionally, presentation of these measures allows readers to compare certain aspects of the Bancorp’s capitalization to other organizations. However, because there are no standardized definitions for these ratios, the Bancorp’s calculations may not be comparable with other organizations, and the usefulness of these measures to investors may be limited. As a result, the Bancorp encourages readers to consider its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.
U.S. banking regulators approved final capital rules (Basel III Final Rule) in July of 2013 that substantially amend the existing risk-based capital rules (Basel I) for banks. The Bancorp believes providing an estimate of its capital position based upon the final rules is important to complement the existing capital ratios and for comparability to other financial institutions. Since these rules are not effective for the Bancorp until January 1, 2015, they are considered non-GAAP measures and therefore are included in the following non-GAAP financial measures table.
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The following table reconciles non-GAAP capital ratios to U.S. GAAP:
TABLE 5: Non-GAAP Financial Measures—Capital Ratios
Total Bancorp shareholders’ equity (U.S. GAAP)
Less: Preferred stock
Goodwill
Intangible assets
Tangible common equity, including unrealized gains / losses
Less: Accumulated other comprehensive income
Tangible common equity, excluding unrealized gains / losses (1)
Add: Preferred stock
Tangible equity (2)
Total assets (U.S. GAAP)
Less: Goodwill
Accumulated other comprehensive income, before tax
Tangible assets, excluding unrealized gains / losses (3)
Less: Goodwill and certain other intangibles
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Add: Qualifying TruPS
Other
Qualifying TruPS
Qualified noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
Tier I common equity (4)
Risk-weighted assets (a) (5)
Ratios:
Tangible equity (2) / (3)
Tangible common equity (1) / (3)
Tier I common equity (4) / (5)
Basel III Final Rule—Estimated Tier I common equity ratio
Tier I common equity (Basel I)
Add: Adjustment related to capital components(b)
Estimated Tier I common equity under Basel III Final Rule without AOCI (opt out) (6)
Add: Adjustment related to AOCI(c)
Estimated Tier I common equity under Basel III Final Rule with AOCI (non opt out) (7)
Estimated risk-weighted assets under Basel III Final Rule (d) (8)
Estimated Tier I common equity ratio under Basel III Final Rule (opt out) (6) / (8)
Estimated Tier I common equity ratio under Basel III Final Rule (non opt out) (7) / (8)
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RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Note 3 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides a discussion of the significant new accounting standards applicable to the Bancorp and the expected impact of significant accounting standards issued, but not yet required to be adopted.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Certain accounting policies require management to exercise judgment in determining methodologies, economic assumptions and estimates that may materially affect the Bancorp’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The Bancorp’s critical accounting policies include the accounting for the ALLL, reserve for unfunded commitments, income taxes, valuation of servicing rights, fair value measurements and goodwill. These accounting policies are discussed in detail in Management’s Discussion and Analysis – Critical Accounting Policies in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. No material changes were made to the valuation techniques or models during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
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STATEMENTS OF INCOME ANALYSIS
Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the interest earned on securities, loans and leases (including yield-related fees) and other interest-earning assets less the interest paid for core deposits (includes transaction deposits and other time deposits) and wholesale funding (includes certificates of deposit $100,000 and over, other deposits, federal funds purchased, other short-term borrowings and long-term debt). The net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Net interest rate spread is the difference between the average yield earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is typically greater than net interest rate spread due to the interest income earned on those assets that are funded by noninterest-bearing liabilities, or free funding, such as demand deposits or shareholders’ equity.
Tables 6 and 7 present the components of net interest income, net interest margin and net interest rate spread for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, as well as the relative impact of changes in the balance sheet and changes in interest rates on net interest income. Nonaccrual loans and leases and loans held for sale have been included in the average loan and lease balances. Average outstanding securities balances are based on amortized cost with any unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities included in other assets.
Net interest income was $908 million and $2.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, an increase of $10 million and $37 million compared to the same periods in the prior year. Net interest income was positively impacted by increases in average taxable securities of $6.0 billion and $5.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, coupled with increases in yields on these securities of 12 bps and 24 bps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Net interest income also included the benefit of increases in average loans and leases of $2.3 billion and $1.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, as well as a decrease in rates paid on long-term debt compared to the same periods in the prior year. These benefits were partially offset by lower yields on loans and leases and increases in average long-term debt of $6.5 billion and $4.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The net interest rate spread decreased to 2.93% and 2.99% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, from 3.14% and 3.18% in the same periods in 2013, driven by a 19 bps and 21 bps decrease in yields on average interest-earning assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.
Net interest margin was 3.10% and 3.16% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to 3.31% and 3.35% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The decrease from both periods in 2013 was driven primarily by the previously mentioned decrease in net interest rate spreads, partially offset by increases in average free funding balances.
Interest income from loans and leases decreased $29 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 and decreased $125 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was primarily the result of a decrease of 22 bps and 26 bps, respectively, in yields on average loans and leases partially offset by an increase of three percent and two percent in average loans and leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase in average loans and leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was driven primarily by an increase of nine percent and 10%, respectively, in average commercial and industrial loans partially offset by a decrease in average residential mortgage loans of seven percent and 10%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. For more information on the Bancorp’s loan and lease portfolio, see the Loans and Leases section of the Balance Sheet Analysis section of MD&A. Interest income from investment securities and other short-term investments increased $55 million and $175 million compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, driven by the factors discussed above.
Average core deposits increased $6.2 billion compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 and increased $6.7 billion compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The increase from both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was primarily due to an increase in average money market deposits, average interest checking deposits and average demand deposits partially offset by a decrease in average savings deposits. The cost of average core deposits was 18 bps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 17 bps and 18 bps for the same periods in the prior year. Interest expense on money market deposits increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods in the prior year driven by a $5.5 billion and $5.0 billion increase in average money market deposits and a 13 bps and 9 bps increase in the rate paid on average money market deposits. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of 26 bps and 41 bps in the rate paid on other time deposits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Refer to the Deposits section of the Balance Sheet Analysis section of MD&A for additional information on the Bancorp’s deposits.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, interest expense on average wholesale funding increased $10 million and $9 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase for both periods was primarily a result of increases in interest expense related to long-term debt partially offset by decreases in average certificates $100,000 and over. Interest expense on long-term debt increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods in the prior year, driven by a $6.5 billion and $4.8 billion increase in average long-term debt partially offset by a 67 bps and 79 bps decrease in the rate paid on long-term debt primarily due to the redemption of $750 million of outstanding TruPS during the fourth quarter of 2013 and the lower cost of new debt issuances. Interest expense on average certificates $100,000 and over decreased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods in the prior year driven by a $4.0 billion and $1.7 billion decrease in average certificates $100,000 and over. Refer to the Borrowings section of the Balance Sheet Analysis section of MD&A for additional information on the Bancorp’s borrowings. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, average wholesale funding represented 24% of average interest bearing liabilities compared to 23% and 24% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. For more information on the Bancorp’s interest rate risk management, including estimated earnings sensitivity to changes in market interest rates, see the Market Risk Management section of MD&A.
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TABLE 6: Condensed Average Balance Sheets and Analysis of Net Interest Income
For the three months ended
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases:(b)
Commercial and industrial loans
Commercial mortgage
Commercial construction
Commercial leases
Subtotal – commercial
Residential mortgage loans
Home equity
Automobile loans
Credit card
Other consumer loans/leases
Subtotal – consumer
Total loans and leases
Securities:
Taxable
Exempt from income taxes(b)
Other short-term investments
Total interest-earning assets
Cash and due from banks
Other assets
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Liabilities and Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest checking
Savings
Money market
Foreign office deposits
Other time deposits
Certificates - $100,000 and over
Other deposits
Federal funds purchased
Other short-term borrowings
Long-term debt
Total interest-bearing liabilities
Demand deposits
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
Net interest income
Net interest margin
Net interest rate spread
Interest-bearing liabilities to interest-earning assets
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TABLE 7: Condensed Average Balance Sheets and Analysis of Net Interest Income
For the nine months ended
Provision for Loan and Lease Losses
The Bancorp provides as an expense an amount for probable loan and lease losses within the loan and lease portfolio that is based on factors previously discussed in the Critical Accounting Policies section of the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. The provision is recorded to bring the ALLL to a level deemed appropriate by the Bancorp to cover losses inherent in the portfolio. Actual credit losses on loans and leases are charged against the ALLL. The amount of loans actually removed from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets is referred to as charge-offs. Net charge-offs include current period charge-offs less recoveries on previously charged-off loans and leases.
The provision for loan and lease losses was $71 million and $216 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to $51 million and $176 million during the same periods in 2013. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period of the prior year was primarily due to an increase in net charge-offs related to commercial and industrial loans in the third quarter of 2014. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period of the prior year was primarily due to an increase in net charge-offs related to certain impaired commercial loans in the first quarter of 2014 and the
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previously mentioned increase in net charge-offs related to commercial and industrial loans in the third quarter of 2014 partially offset by decreases in nonperforming loans and leases and improved delinquency metrics for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The ALLL declined $168 million from $1.6 billion at December 31, 2013 to $1.4 billion at September 30, 2014. As of September 30, 2014, the ALLL as a percent of portfolio loans and leases decreased to 1.56%, compared to 1.79% at December 31, 2013.
Refer to the Credit Risk Management section of MD&A as well as Note 6 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more detailed information on the provision for loan and lease losses, including an analysis of loan portfolio composition, nonperforming assets, net charge-offs, and other factors considered by the Bancorp in assessing the credit quality of the loan and lease portfolio and the ALLL.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income decreased $201 million, or 28%, for the third quarter of 2014 compared to the third quarter of 2013 and decreased $704 million, or 28%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year.
The components of noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:
TABLE 8: Noninterest Income
Service charges on deposits
Corporate banking revenue
Investment advisory revenue
Mortgage banking net revenue
Card and processing revenue
Other noninterest income
Securities gains, net
Securities gains, net - non-qualifying hedges on mortgage servicing rights
Total noninterest income
Service charges on deposits increased $5 million and $11 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Commercial deposit revenue increased $5 million and $14 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year primarily due to new customer acquisition and product expansion. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, consumer deposit revenue was flat. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, consumer deposit revenue decreased $3 million compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a decrease in consumer checking and savings fees from a decline in the percentage of consumer customers being charged service fees, partially offset by an increase in overdraft fees.
Corporate banking revenue decreased $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to decreases in business lending and syndication fees, partially offset by an increase in international revenue. Corporate banking revenue increased $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 due to an increase in institutional sales and letter of credit fees, partially offset by a decrease in business lending fees.
Investment advisory revenue increased $6 million and $12 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2013. The increase for both periods was primarily driven by increases of $5 million and $13 million in private client service fees due to growth in personal asset management fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2013. The Bancorp had approximately $303 billion and $318 billion in total assets under care as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and managed $26 billion and $27 billion in assets for individuals, corporations and not-for-profit organizations as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Mortgage banking net revenue decreased $60 million and $326 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year.
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The components of mortgage banking net revenue are as follows:
TABLE 9: Components of Mortgage Banking Net Revenue
Origination fees and gains on loan sales
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Gross mortgage servicing fees
Mortgage servicing rights amortization
Net valuation adjustments on mortgage servicing rights and free-standing derivatives entered into to economically hedge MSR
Net mortgage servicing revenue
Origination fees and gains on loan sales decreased $40 million and $276 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily the result of a 57% and 71% decline in residential mortgage loan originations from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. Residential mortgage loan originations decreased to $2.1 billion and $5.8 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to $4.8 billion and $19.7 billion during the same periods in the prior year due to strong refinancing activity that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
Net mortgage servicing revenue is comprised of gross mortgage servicing fees and related mortgage servicing rights amortization as well as valuation adjustments on MSRs and mark-to-market adjustments on both settled and outstanding free-standing derivative financial instruments used to economically hedge the MSR portfolio. Net mortgage servicing revenue decreased $20 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 driven primarily by a decrease of $24 million in net valuation adjustments, partially offset by a decrease in mortgage servicing rights amortization of $6 million. Net mortgage servicing revenue decreased $50 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year driven primarily by a decrease of $104 million in net valuation adjustments partially offset by a decrease in mortgage servicing rights amortization of $55 million.
The net valuation adjustment loss of $1 million during the third quarter of 2014 included $22 million in losses from derivatives economically hedging the MSRs partially offset by a recovery of temporary impairment of $21 million on the MSRs. The net valuation adjustment gain of $33 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 included $40 million in gains from derivatives economically hedging the MSRs partially offset by temporary impairment of $7 million on the MSRs. Mortgage rates increased during the three months ended September 30, 2014 which caused modeled prepayment speeds to slow, which led to the recovery of temporary impairment on servicing rights during the period. Mortgage rates decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 which caused the modeled prepayment speeds to increase, which led to the temporary impairment on servicing rights during the period. The net valuation adjustment gain of $23 million during the third quarter of 2013 included $24 million in gains from derivatives economically hedging the MSRs partially offset by temporary impairment of $1 million on the MSRs. The net valuation adjustment gain of $137 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 included a recovery of temporary impairment of $150 million on the MSR portfolio partially offset by $13 million in losses from derivatives economically hedging the MSR portfolio.
Servicing rights are deemed impaired when a borrower’s loan rate is distinctly higher than prevailing rates. Impairment on servicing rights is reversed when the prevailing rates return to a level commensurate with the borrower’s loan rate. Further detail on the valuation of MSRs can be found in Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bancorp maintains a non-qualifying hedging strategy to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in the valuation on the MSR portfolio. See Note 12 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the free-standing derivatives used to economically hedge the MSR portfolio.
The Bancorp’s total residential loans serviced as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 were $80.3 billion and $82.8 billion, respectively, with $66.8 billion and $69.0 billion, respectively, of residential mortgage loans serviced for others.
In addition to the derivative positions used to economically hedge the MSR portfolio, the Bancorp acquires various securities as a component of its non-qualifying hedging strategy. The Bancorp did not sell securities related to the non-qualifying hedging strategy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. Net gains on sales of these securities were $5 million and $13 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, recorded in securities gains, net, non-qualifying hedges on mortgage servicing rights in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Card and processing revenue increased $6 million and $17 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily the result of an increase in the number of actively used cards as well as higher processing fees related to additional ATM locations. Debit card interchange revenue, included in card and processing revenue, was $32 million and $95 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to $31 million and $90 million for the same periods in the prior year.
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The major components of other noninterest income are as follows:
TABLE 10: Components of Other Noninterest Income
Gain on sale of Vantiv, Inc. shares
Operating lease income
Cardholder fees
Equity method income from interest in Vantiv Holding, LLC
BOLI income
Banking center income
Consumer loan and lease fees
Insurance income
Valuation adjustments on stock warrant associated with Vantiv Holding, LLC
Loss on swap associated with the sale of Visa, Inc. class B shares
Loss on OREO
Other, net
Total other noninterest income
Other noninterest income decreased $152 million in the third quarter of 2014 compared to the third quarter of 2013 and decreased $408 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was driven by a gain of $85 million on the sale of Vantiv, Inc. shares in the third quarter of 2013. In addition, the negative valuation adjustment on the stock warrant associated with Vantiv Holding, LLC was $53 million compared to the positive valuation adjustment of $6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was driven by a gain of $125 million on the sale of Vantiv, Inc. shares in the second quarter of 2014 compared to gains totaling $327 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. In addition, the negative valuation adjustments on the stock warrant associated with Vantiv Holding, LLC were $26 million compared to the positive valuation adjustments of $116 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The fair value of the stock warrant is calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which utilizes several key inputs (Vantiv, Inc. stock price, strike price of the warrant and several unobservable inputs). The negative valuation adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, were primarily due to decreases of eight percent and five percent, respectively, in Vantiv, Inc.’s share price from June 30, 2014 to September 30, 2014 and from December 31, 2013 to September 30, 2014, respectively. The positive valuation adjustments of $6 million and $116 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, were primarily due to increases of one percent and 37%, respectively, in Vantiv, Inc.’s share price from June 30, 2013 to September 30, 2013 and from December 31, 2012 to September 30, 2013. For additional information on the valuation of the warrant, see Note 22 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity method earnings from the Bancorp’s interest in Vantiv Holding, LLC decreased $5 million and $21 million compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to a decrease in the Bancorp’s ownership percentage of Vantiv Holding, LLC from 25% as of September 30, 2013 to 23% as of September 30, 2014 due primarily to share sales. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to charges taken by Vantiv Holding, LLC related to an acquisition and a decrease in the Bancorp’s ownership percentage of Vantiv Holding, LLC.
Other noninterest income also included a $6 million increase in the loss related to the Visa total return swap for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. For additional information on the valuation of the swap associated with the sale of Visa, Inc. Class B shares, see Note 22 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. BOLI income decreased $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a $10 million settlement in the second quarter of 2013 related to a previously surrendered BOLI policy. The “other” caption decreased $27 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, compared to the prior year period primarily due to a $17 million impairment charge in the second quarter of 2014 for branches and land. For more information on this impairment charge, see Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Noninterest Expense
Total noninterest expense decreased $71 million, or seven percent, for the three months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased $180 million, or six percent, for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively.
The major components of noninterest expense are as follows:
TABLE 11: Noninterest Expense
Salaries, wages and incentives
Employee benefits
Net occupancy expense
Technology and communications
Card and processing expense
Equipment expense
Other noninterest expense
Total noninterest expense
Efficiency ratio
Total personnel costs (salaries, wages and incentives plus employee benefits) decreased $40 million and $135 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods in 2013. The decrease for both periods was driven by a decrease in incentive compensation primarily in the mortgage business due to lower production levels and a decrease in base compensation and employee benefits as a result of a decline in the number of full-time equivalent employees. Full-time equivalent employees totaled 18,503 at September 30, 2014 compared to 20,256 at September 30, 2013.
TABLE 12: Components of Other Noninterest Expense
Losses and adjustments
Affordable housing investments impairment
Loan and lease
FDIC insurance and other taxes
Marketing
Professional service fees
Operating lease
Travel
Postal and courier
Data processing
Recruitment and education
Insurance
OREO expense
Intangible asset amortization
(Benefit from) provision for the reserve for unfunded commitments
Total other noninterest expense
Total other noninterest expense decreased $40 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013. Losses and adjustments decreased $14 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to a decrease in legal settlements and reserve expense. Loan and lease expenses decreased $10 million due to lower loan closing and appraisal costs due to a decline in mortgage originations. FDIC insurance and other taxes decreased $9 million primarily due to the implementation of the large bank assessment fee, which included billings for prior periods, during the quarter ended September 30, 2013, the change in the mix of the Bancorp’s funding base and higher capital levels and a change in tax laws during 2014. The benefit from the reserve for unfunded commitments was $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the provision for unfunded commitments of $1 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in the benefit recognized reflects a decrease in estimated loss rates related to unfunded commitments due to improved credit trends, partially offset by an increase in unfunded commitments for which the Bancorp holds reserves.
Total other noninterest expense decreased $70 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013. Loan and lease expenses decreased $37 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year due to lower loan closing and appraisal costs driven by a decline in mortgage originations. FDIC insurance and other taxes decreased $22 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the reasons previously mentioned. Marketing expense decreased $16 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 due to management’s expense control efforts. Losses and adjustments decreased $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to a decrease in the provision for representation and warranty claims of $26 million due to improving underlying repurchase
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metrics and the settlement in the fourth quarter of 2013 with FHLMC, partially offset by a $22 million increase in litigation settlements and reserves expense due to increased litigation and regulatory activity. The benefit from the reserve for unfunded commitments was $28 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $13 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in the benefit recognized reflects a decrease in estimated loss rates related to unfunded commitments due to improved credit trends, partially offset by an increase in unfunded commitments for which the Bancorp holds reserves. Impairment on affordable housing investments increased $20 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013, as the prior period included a $9 million benefit from the sale of affordable housing investments.
The Bancorp continues to focus on efficiency initiatives as part of its core emphasis on operating leverage and expense control. The efficiency ratio (noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income (FTE) and noninterest income) was 62.1% and 61.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to 59.2% and 57.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively.
Applicable Income Taxes
The Bancorp’s income before income taxes, applicable income tax expense and effective tax rate are as follows:
TABLE 13: Applicable Income Taxes
Income before income taxes
Applicable income tax expense
Effective tax rate
Applicable income tax expense for all periods includes the benefit from tax-exempt income, tax-advantaged investments, and tax credits, partially offset by the effect of certain nondeductible expenses. The tax credits are associated with the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program established under Section 42 of the IRC, the New Markets Tax Credit program established under Section 45D of the IRC, the Rehabilitation Investment Tax Credit program established under Section 47 of the IRC, and the Qualified Zone Academy Bond program established under Section 1397E of the IRC.
As required under U.S. GAAP, the Bancorp established a deferred tax asset for stock-based awards granted to its employees and directors. When the actual tax deduction for these stock-based awards is less than the expense previously recognized for financial reporting or when the awards expire unexercised and where the Bancorp has not accumulated an excess tax benefit for previously exercised or released stock-based awards, the Bancorp is required to recognize a non-cash charge to income tax expense upon the write-off of the deferred tax asset previously established for these stock-based awards. The stock-based awards granted in March of 2003 had an exercise period that expired in March of 2013. As these stock-based awards were not exercised on or before their expiration date and because the Bancorp did not have an accumulated excess tax benefit, the Bancorp was required to recognize a non-cash charge to income tax expense of $12 million for the write-off of the deferred tax asset previously established for these awards during the first quarter of 2013. Based on the Bancorp’s stock price at September 30, 2014 and the Bancorp’s accumulation of an excess tax benefit through the period ended September 30, 2014, the Bancorp does not believe it will be necessary to recognize a non-cash charge to income tax expense over the next twelve months related to stock-based awards. However, the Bancorp cannot predict its stock price or whether its employees will exercise other stock-based awards with lower exercise prices in the future. Therefore, it is possible the Bancorp may recognize a non-cash charge to income tax expense in the future.
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BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
Loans and Leases
The Bancorp classifies loans and leases based upon their primary purpose. Table 14 summarizes end of period loans and leases, including loans held for sale and Table 15 summarizes average total loans and leases, including loans held for sale.
TABLE 14: Components of Total Loans and Leases (includes held for sale)
Commercial:
Commercial mortgage loans
Commercial construction loans
Consumer:
Other consumer loans and leases
Total portfolio loans and leases (excludes loans held for sale)
Loans and leases, including loans held for sale, increased $1.7 billion, or two percent, from December 31, 2013. The increase from December 31, 2013 was the result of a $1.9 billion, or four percent, increase in commercial loans and leases partially offset by a $146 million decrease in consumer loans and leases.
Commercial loans and leases increased from December 31, 2013 primarily due to increases in commercial and industrial loans and commercial construction loans partially offset by a decrease in commercial mortgage loans. Commercial and industrial loans increased $1.8 billion, or four percent, from December 31, 2013 and commercial construction loans increased $663 million, or 64%, from December 31, 2013 as a result of an increase in new loan origination activity from higher demand due to a strengthening economy and targeted marketing efforts. Commercial mortgage loans decreased $503 million, or six percent, from December 31, 2013 due to continued run-off as the level of new originations was less than the repayments on the existing portfolio.
Consumer loans and leases decreased from December 31, 2013 primarily due to a decrease in home equity partially offset by an increase in automobile loans. Home equity decreased $259 million, or three percent, from December 31, 2013 as payoffs exceeded new loan production. Automobile loans increased $137 million, or one percent, from December 31, 2013 driven by loan originations exceeding run-off of the existing portfolio.
TABLE 15: Components of Average Total Loans and Leases (includes held for sale)
For the three months ended ($ in millions)
Total average loans and leases
Total average portfolio loans and leases (excludes loans held for sale)
Average loans and leases, including loans held for sale, increased $2.3 billion, or three percent, from September 30, 2013. The increase from September 30, 2013 was the result of a $3.5 billion, or seven percent, increase in average commercial loans and leases partially offset by a $1.2 billion, or three percent, decrease in average consumer loans and leases.
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Average commercial loans and leases increased from September 30, 2013 primarily due to increases in average commercial and industrial loans and average commercial construction loans partially offset by a decrease in average commercial mortgage loans. Average commercial and industrial loans increased $3.4 billion, or nine percent, from September 30, 2013 and average commercial construction loans increased $768 million, or 96%, from September 30, 2013 due to an increase in new loan origination activity from an increase in demand due to a strengthening economy and targeted marketing efforts. Average commercial mortgage loans decreased $643 million, or eight percent, from September 30, 2013 due to continued run-off as the level of new originations was less than the repayments on the current portfolio.
Average consumer loans and leases decreased from September 30, 2013 primarily due to decreases in average residential mortgage loans and average home equity partially offset by an increase in average credit card loans. Average residential mortgage loans decreased $991 million, or seven percent, from September 30, 2013 primarily due to a decline in average loans held for sale of $1.3 billion from reduced origination volumes driven by higher mortgage rates partially offset by the continued retention of certain shorter term residential mortgage loans originated through the Bancorp’s retail branches and the decision to retain certain conforming ARMs and certain other fixed-rate loans originated during the three months ended September 30, 2014. Average home equity decreased $423 million, or four percent, from September 30, 2013 as payoffs exceeded new loan production. Average credit card loans increased $155 million, or seven percent, from September 30, 2013 primarily due to an increase in open and active accounts driven by the volume of new customer accounts.
Investment Securities
The Bancorp uses investment securities as a means of managing interest rate risk, providing liquidity support and providing collateral for pledging purposes. Total investment securities were $23.5 billion at September 30, 2014 and $19.1 billion at December 31, 2013.
Securities are classified as trading when bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Securities are classified as available-for-sale when, in management’s judgment, they may be sold in response to, or in anticipation of, changes in market conditions. Securities that management has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and reported at amortized cost.
At September 30, 2014, the Bancorp’s investment portfolio consisted primarily of AAA-rated available-for-sale securities. The Bancorp did not hold asset-backed securities backed by subprime mortgage loans in its investment portfolio. Additionally, securities classified as below investment grade were immaterial as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The Bancorp’s management has evaluated the securities in an unrealized loss position in the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios for OTTI. The Bancorp recognized $7 million and $24 million in OTTI, included in securities gains, net, in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, on its available-for-sale and other debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Bancorp recognized $45 million and $57 million of OTTI on its available-for-sale and other debt securities, respectively. The Bancorp did not recognize OTTI on any of its available-for-sale equity securities or held-to-maturity debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
TABLE 16: Components of Investment Securities
Available-for-sale and other: (amortized cost basis)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities(a)
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Asset-backed securities and other debt securities
Equity securities(b)
Total available-for-sale and other securities
Held-to-maturity: (amortized cost basis)
Total held-to-maturity
Trading: (fair value)
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
Total trading
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On an amortized cost basis, available-for-sale and other securities increased $4.0 billion, or 22%, from December 31, 2013 primarily due to increases in agency residential mortgage-backed securities and agency commercial mortgage-backed securities partially offset by a decrease in asset-backed securities and other debt securities. Agency residential mortgage-backed securities increased $468 million, or four percent, from December 31, 2013 due primarily to the purchase of $5.4 billion of collateralized mortgage obligations partially offset by sales of $3.5 billion and paydowns of $1.5 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities increased $4.2 billion from December 31, 2013 primarily due to $4.3 billion in purchases of agency commercial mortgage-backed securities partially offset by $20 million in sales and $12 million in paydowns on the portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Asset-backed securities and other debt securities decreased $817 million, or 38%, from December 31, 2013 due primarily to sales of $1.1 billion of asset-backed securities and collateralized loan obligations and paydowns on the portfolio of $28 million partially offset by the purchase of $248 million of asset-backed securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
On an amortized cost basis, available-for-sale and other securities were 19% and 16% of total interest-earning assets at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The estimated weighted-average life of the debt securities in the available-for-sale portfolio was 6.8 years at September 30, 2014 compared to 6.7 years at December 31, 2013. In addition, at September 30, 2014, the available-for-sale securities portfolio had a weighted-average yield of 3.35%, compared to 3.39% at December 31, 2013.
Information presented in Table 17 is on a weighted-average life basis, anticipating future prepayments. Yield information is presented on an FTE basis and is computed using historical cost balances. Maturity and yield calculations for the total available-for-sale portfolio exclude equity securities that have no stated yield or maturity. Total net unrealized gains on the available-for-sale securities portfolio were $520 million at September 30, 2014 compared to $188 million at December 31, 2013. The increase from December 31, 2013 was primarily due to a decrease in interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The fair value of investment securities is impacted by interest rates, credit spreads, market volatility and liquidity conditions. The fair value of investment securities generally increases when interest rates decrease or when credit spreads contract.
TABLE 17: Characteristics of Available-for-Sale and Other Securities
As of September 30, 2014 ($ in millions)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Average life 1 – 5 years
Total
Obligations of states and political subdivisions:(a)
Average life of one year or less
Average life 5 – 10 years
Average life greater than 10 years
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Asset-backed securities and other debt securities:
Equity securities
Deposits
The Bancorp’s deposit balances represent an important source of funding and revenue growth opportunity. The Bancorp continues to focus on core deposit growth in its retail and commercial franchises by improving customer satisfaction, building full relationships and offering competitive rates. Core deposits represented 70% and 71% of the Bancorp’s asset funding base at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
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TABLE 18: Deposits
Demand
Foreign office
Transaction deposits
Other time
Core deposits
Certificates-$100,000 and over
Total deposits
Core deposits increased $1.5 billion, or two percent, from December 31, 2013 driven by an increase of $1.1 billion, or one percent, in transaction deposits and an increase of $326 million, or nine percent, in other time deposits. Total transaction deposits increased from December 31, 2013 due to an increase in money market deposits, partially offset by decreases in savings deposits, interest checking deposits, foreign office deposits and demand deposits. Money market deposits increased $4.6 billion, or 39%, from December 31, 2013 driven by a promotional product offering which drove balance migration from savings deposits which decreased $1.7 billion, or 10%, from December 31, 2013 and the acquisition of new customers. Interest checking deposits decreased $945 million, or four percent, primarily due to consumer customer seasonality during the fourth quarter of 2013 and lower commercial customer balances. Foreign office deposits decreased $399 million, or 20%, primarily due to a decrease in commercial customer balances. Demand deposits decreased $376 million, or one percent, from December 31, 2013 primarily due to uninvested trust funds held in demand deposit accounts at December 31, 2013 that were invested during the first quarter of 2014. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in commercial customer account balances. Other time deposits increased $326 million, or nine percent, from December 31, 2013 primarily from the acquisition of new customers due to promotional interest rates.
The Bancorp uses certificates $100,000 and over as a method to fund earning assets. At September 30, 2014, certificates $100,000 and over decreased $3.5 billion, or 53%, compared to December 31, 2013 primarily due to the maturity and run-off of retail and institutional certificates of deposit during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
The following table presents average deposits for the three months ended:
TABLE 19: Average Deposits
Total average deposits
On an average basis, core deposits increased $6.2 billion, or seven percent, from September 30, 2013 due to an increase of $6.1 billion, or seven percent, in average transaction deposits and an increase of $124 million, or three percent, in average other time deposits. The increase in average transaction deposits was driven by increases in average money market deposits, average interest checking deposits and average demand deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average savings deposits. Average money market deposits increased $5.5 billion, or 57%, from September 30, 2013 primarily due to a promotional product offering which drove balance migration from savings deposits which decreased $2.3 billion, or 13%, from September 30, 2013. The remaining increase in average money market deposits was due to an increase in average commercial account balances and new commercial customer accounts. Average interest checking deposits increased $1.8 billion, or eight percent, from September 30, 2013 primarily due to an increase in average balance per account and new commercial customer accounts. Average demand deposits increased $1.1 billion, or four percent, from September 30, 2013 due to an increase in average commercial account balances and new commercial customer accounts. Average other time deposits increased $124 million, or three percent, from September 30, 2013 primarily from the acquisition of new customers due to promotional interest rates. Average certificates $100,000 and over decreased $4.0 billion, or 54%, from September 30, 2013 due primarily to the maturity and run-off of retail and institutional certificates of deposit during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
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Contractual maturities
The contractual maturities of certificates $100,000 and over as of September 30, 2014 are summarized in the following table:
TABLE 20: Contractual Maturities of Certificates—$100,000 and over
Three months or less
After three months through six months
After six months through 12 months
After 12 months
The contractual maturities of other time deposits and certificates $100,000 and over as of September 30, 2014 are summarized in the following table:
TABLE 21: Contractual Maturities of Other Time Deposits and Certificates $100,000 and over
Next 12 months
13-24 months
25-36 months
37-48 months
49-60 months
After 60 months
Borrowings
Total borrowings increased $5.9 billion, or 52%, from December 31, 2013. Table 22 summarizes the end of period components of total borrowings. As of September 30, 2014, total borrowings as a percentage of interest-bearing liabilities were 21% compared to 14% at December 31, 2013.
TABLE 22: Borrowings
Total borrowings
Federal funds purchased decreased $136 million, or 48%, from December 31, 2013 driven by a decrease in excess balances in reserve accounts held at Federal Reserve Banks that the Bancorp purchased from other member banks on an overnight basis. Other short-term borrowings increased $1.4 billion, or 98%, from December 31, 2013 driven by an increase of $1.4 billion in short-term FHLB borrowings. The level of these borrowings can fluctuate significantly from period to period depending on funding needs and which sources are used to satisfy those needs. Long-term debt increased by $4.7 billion, or 49%, from December 31, 2013 primarily driven by the issuance of $2.9 billion of unsecured senior notes and the issuance of asset-backed securities by consolidated VIEs of $2.8 billion related to automobile loan securitizations during the nine months ended September 30, 2014, partially offset by $921 million of paydowns on long-term debt associated with automobile loan securitizations. For additional information regarding automobile securitizations and long-term debt issuances, see Note 10 and Note 14, respectively, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table presents average borrowings for the three months ended:
TABLE 23: Average Borrowings
Total average borrowings
Average total borrowings increased $6.9 billion, or 71%, compared to September 30, 2013, due to increases in average long-term debt, average federal funds purchased and average other short-term borrowings. The increase in average long-term debt of $6.5 billion, or 87%, was driven by the aforementioned issuances of long-term debt as discussed above as well as the issuance of $1.8 billion of unsecured senior bank notes and the issuance of $750 million of subordinated notes during the fourth quarter of 2013. The impact of these issuances was partially offset by the redemption of $750 million of outstanding TruPS during the fourth quarter of 2013. The level of average other short-term borrowings and average federal funds purchased can fluctuate significantly from period to period depending on funding needs and which sources are used to satisfy those needs. Information on the average rates paid on borrowings is discussed in the net interest income section of MD&A. In addition, refer to the Liquidity Risk Management section for a discussion on the role of borrowings in the Bancorp’s liquidity management.
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BUSINESS SEGMENT REVIEW
The Bancorp reports on four business segments: Commercial Banking, Branch Banking, Consumer Lending and Investment Advisors. Additional detailed financial information on each business segment is included in Note 23 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Results of the Bancorp’s business segments are presented based on its management structure and management accounting practices. The structure and accounting practices are specific to the Bancorp; therefore, the financial results of the Bancorp’s business segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information for other financial institutions. The Bancorp refines its methodologies from time to time as management’s accounting practices or businesses change.
The Bancorp manages interest rate risk centrally at the corporate level and employs a FTP methodology at the business segment level. This methodology insulates the business segments from interest rate volatility, enabling them to focus on serving customers through loan and deposit products. The FTP system assigns charge rates and credit rates to classes of assets and liabilities, respectively, based on expected duration and the U.S. swap curve. Matching duration allocates interest income and interest expense to each segment so its resulting net interest income is insulated from interest rate risk. In a rising rate environment, the Bancorp benefits from the widening spread between deposit costs and wholesale funding costs. However, the Bancorp’s FTP system credits this benefit to deposit-providing businesses, such as Branch Banking and Investment Advisors, on a duration-adjusted basis. The net impact of the FTP methodology is captured in General Corporate and Other.
The Bancorp adjusts the FTP charge and credit rates as dictated by changes in interest rates for various interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and by the review of the estimated durations for the indeterminate-lived deposits. The credit rate provided for demand deposit accounts is reviewed annually based upon the account type, its estimated duration and the corresponding fed funds, U.S. swap curve or swap rate. The credit rates for several deposit products were reset January 1, 2014 to reflect the current market rates and updated duration assumptions. These rates were generally higher than those in place during 2013, thus net interest income for deposit providing businesses was positively impacted for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014.
The business segments are charged provision expense based on the actual net charge-offs experienced on the loans and leases owned by each segment. Provision expense attributable to loan and lease growth and changes in ALLL factors are captured in General Corporate and Other. The financial results of the business segments include allocations for shared services and headquarters expenses. Even with these allocations, the financial results are not necessarily indicative of the business segments’ financial condition and results of operations as if they existed as independent entities. Additionally, the business segments form synergies by taking advantage of cross-sell opportunities and when funding operations by accessing the capital markets as a collective unit.
The results of operations and financial position for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 were adjusted to reflect the transfer of certain customers and Bancorp employees from Branch Banking to Commercial Banking, effective January 1, 2014. In addition, the prior year balances were adjusted to reflect a change in internal allocation methodology.
Net income (loss) by business segment is summarized in the following table:
TABLE 24: Business Segment Net Income Available to Common Shareholders
Commercial Banking
Branch Banking
Consumer Lending
Investment Advisors
General Corporate & Other
Net income
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Dividends on preferred stock
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Commercial Banking offers credit intermediation, cash management and financial services to large and middle-market businesses and government and professional customers. In addition to the traditional lending and depository offerings, Commercial Banking products and services include global cash management, foreign exchange and international trade finance, derivatives and capital markets services, asset-based lending, real estate finance, public finance, commercial leasing and syndicated finance.
The following table contains selected financial data for the Commercial Banking segment:
TABLE 25: Commercial Banking
Net interest income (FTE)(a)
Noninterest income:
Noninterest expense:
Salaries, incentives and benefits
Income before taxes
Applicable income tax expense(a)(b)
Average Balance Sheet Data
Commercial loans, including held for sale
Savings and money market
Foreign office deposits and other deposits
Net income was $217 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, compared to net income of $216 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The increase was driven by increases in net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by increases in the provision for loan and lease losses and noninterest expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net income was $594 million compared to $628 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease was driven by increases in noninterest expense and the provision for loan and lease losses, partially offset by increases in net interest income and noninterest income.
Net interest income increased $17 million and $59 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily driven by growth in average commercial construction loans, an increase in FTP credits due to an increase in average demand deposits and a decrease in FTP charges, partially offset by a decline in yields of 25 bps and 30 bps on average commercial loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year.
Provision for loan and lease losses increased $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $62 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period of the prior year was due to an increase in net charge-offs relating to commercial and industrial loans in the third quarter of 2014. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period of the prior year was due to an increase in net charge-offs related to certain impaired commercial loans in the first quarter of 2014 and the previously mentioned increase in net charge-offs relating to commercial and industrial loans in the third quarter of 2014. Net charge-offs as a percent of average portfolio loans and leases increased to 36 bps for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 32 bps for the same period of the prior year and increased to 48 bps for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 34 bps for the same period of the prior year.
Noninterest income increased $2 million and $28 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was due to an increase in service charges on deposits, partially offset by a decrease in corporate banking revenue. Service charges on deposits increased $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 from the same period in the prior year primarily driven by higher commercial deposit revenue which increased due to the acquisition of new customers and product expansion. Corporate banking revenue decreased $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 from the same period in the prior year primarily driven by decreases in business lending fees and syndication fees partially offset by increases in foreign exchange fees and institutional sales revenue. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was due to increases in service charges on deposits and corporate banking revenue. Service charges on deposits increased $16 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from the same period of the prior year primarily driven by higher commercial deposit revenue which increased due to the reasons previously mentioned. Corporate banking revenue increased $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 from the same period in the prior year primarily driven by increases in institutional sales revenue, letter of credit fees and syndication fees, partially offset by decreases in business lending fees and interest rate derivative revenue.
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Noninterest expense increased $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period of the prior year primarily driven by an increase in other noninterest expense. The increase in other noninterest expense was primarily due to increases in corporate overhead allocations and impairment on affordable housing investments. Noninterest expense increased $75 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period of the prior year driven by an increase in other noninterest expense, partially offset by a decrease in salaries, incentives and benefits. The increase in other noninterest expense was primarily due to increases in corporate overhead allocations, impairment on affordable housing investments, operating lease expense and litigation expense. Salaries, incentives and benefits decreased due to a decrease in incentive compensation resulting from a change to the structure of the incentive compensation plans in the first quarter of 2014.
Average commercial loans increased $3.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods of the prior year primarily due to increases in average commercial and industrial loans and average commercial construction loans partially offset by a decrease in average commercial mortgage loans. Average commercial and industrial portfolio loans increased $3.4 billion and $3.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year and average commercial construction portfolio loans increased $762 million and $602 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year as a result of an increase in new loan origination activity from an increase in demand due to a strengthening economy and targeted marketing efforts. Average commercial mortgage portfolio loans decreased $545 million and $720 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year due to continued run-off as the level of new originations was less than the repayments on the current portfolio.
Average core deposits increased $2.9 billion and $4.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily driven by strong growth in average demand deposits, average savings and money market deposits and average interest checking balances which increased $1.3 billion, $873 million and $836 million, respectively, compared to the same period of the prior year. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily driven by strong growth in average demand deposits, average savings and money market deposits, average interest checking balances and average foreign deposits, which increased $1.7 billion, $1.1 billion, $1.0 billion and $542 million, respectively, compared to the same period of the prior year.
Branch Banking provides a full range of deposit and loan products to individuals and small businesses through 1,308 full-service Banking Centers. Branch Banking offers depository and loan products, such as checking and savings accounts, home equity loans and lines of credit, credit cards and loans for automobiles and other personal financing needs, as well as products designed to meet the specific needs of small businesses, including cash management services.
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The following table contains selected financial data for the Branch Banking segment:
TABLE 26: Branch Banking
Net occupancy and equipment expense
Consumer loans, including held for sale
Other time and certificates - $100,000 and over
Net income was $91 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, compared to net income of $59 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The increase was driven by increases in net interest income and noninterest income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net income was $243 million compared to $143 million for the same period of the prior year. The increase was driven by an increase in net interest income and declines in the provision for loan and lease losses and noninterest expense partially offset by a decline in noninterest income.
Net interest income increased $42 million and $150 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The primary drivers of the increases were increases in the FTP credit rates for demand deposits, savings and money market deposits and interest checking deposits.
Provision for loan and lease losses decreased $14 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period of the prior year. Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans and leases decreased to 114 bps for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 122 bps for the same period of the prior year as a result of improved credit trends.
Noninterest income increased $7 million and decreased $17 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily driven by increases in card and processing revenue and investment advisory revenue, partially offset by a decrease in other noninterest income. Card and processing revenue increased $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 due to an increase in the number of actively used cards as well as higher processing fees related to additional ATM locations. Investment advisory revenue increased $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 due to growth in retail brokerage revenue. The decrease in other noninterest income was primarily due to a decrease in gains on loan sales and mortgage origination fees due to a decline in mortgage originations, as well as a decrease in retail service fees. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily driven by decreases in other noninterest income and service charges on deposits, partially offset by increases in card and processing revenue and investment advisory revenue. Other noninterest income decreased primarily due to a $17 million impairment charge in the second quarter of 2014 for branches and land. For more information on this impairment charge, see Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The remaining decrease in other noninterest income was primarily due to decreases in gains on loan sales and mortgage origination fees and retail service fees. Service charges on deposits decreased $5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a decrease in consumer checking and savings fees from a decline in the percentage of consumer customers being charged service fees. Card and processing revenue increased $15 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 due to an increase in the number of actively used cards as well as higher processing fees related to additional ATM locations. Investment advisory revenue increased $5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 for the reason previously mentioned.
Noninterest expense decreased $1 million and $9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to a decline of $7 million in other noninterest expense due to decreases in corporate overhead allocations, marketing expense and loan and lease expense. This was partially offset by an increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 of $5 million in card and processing expense primarily due to
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higher rewards expense relating to credit cards and increased fraud-related charges. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was due to declines in other noninterest expense and salaries, incentives and benefits, partially offset by increases in card and processing expense and net occupancy and equipment expense. The decrease in other noninterest expense was primarily driven by lower marketing expense and loan and lease expense partially offset by higher corporate overhead allocations. The decrease in salaries, incentives and benefits was primarily driven by lower compensation costs due to a decline in the number of full-time equivalent employees. Card and processing expense increased $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 due to the reasons previously mentioned.
Average consumer loans decreased $335 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $193 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods in the prior year. These decreases were primarily due to a decrease in average home equity loans of $259 million and $441 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year as payoffs exceeded new advances and new loan production. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was also due to a decrease in average residential mortgage loans of $169 million compared to the same period in the prior year due primarily to reduced origination volumes driven by higher mortgage rates. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was partially offset by an increase in average credit card loans of $153 million compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to an increase in open and active accounts driven by the volume of new customer accounts. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was partially offset by increases in average credit card loans of $155 million and average residential mortgage loans of $149 million compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in average credit card loans was primarily due to an increase in open and active accounts driven by the volume of new customer accounts. The increase in average residential mortgage loans was primarily due to the continued retention of certain shorter term residential mortgage loans.
Average core deposits increased $2.9 billion and $2.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. These increases were primarily driven by net growth in average savings and money market deposits of $2.3 billion and $1.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year.
Consumer Lending includes the Bancorp’s mortgage, home equity, automobile and other indirect lending activities. Lending activities include the origination, retention and servicing of mortgage, automobile and home equity loans or lines of credit, sales and securitizations of those loans, pools of loans or lines of credit, and all associated hedging activities. Indirect lending activities include extending loans to consumers through correspondent lenders and automobile dealers.
The following table contains selected financial data for the Consumer Lending segment:
TABLE 27: Consumer Lending
Income (loss) before taxes
Applicable income tax (benefit) expense
Net income (loss)
Residential mortgage loans, including held for sale
Automobile loans, including held for sale
Net income was $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, compared to net income of $15 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease was driven by decreases in net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by decreases in noninterest expense and the provision for loan and lease losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, Consumer Lending incurred a net loss of $19 million compared to net income of $151 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease was driven by decreases in net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by decreases in noninterest expense and the provision for loan and lease losses.
Net interest income decreased $12 million and $53 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily driven by decreases in average residential mortgage loans and average home equity loans as well as lower yields on average automobile loans partially offset by a decrease in FTP charges on loans.
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Provision for loan and lease losses decreased $3 million and $16 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year, as delinquency metrics and underlying loss trends improved primarily in residential mortgage loans and home equity loans. Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans and leases decreased to 33 bps for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 40 bps for the same period of the prior year and decreased to 37 bps for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 47 bps for the same period of the prior year.
Noninterest income decreased $66 million and $338 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was driven by a decrease in mortgage banking net revenue of $58 million primarily due to a $39 million decrease in mortgage origination fees and gains on loan sales due to a decline in mortgage originations and a decrease of $19 million in net mortgage servicing revenue. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was driven by a decrease of $319 million in mortgage banking net revenue primarily due to a $269 million decline in mortgage origination fees and gains on loan sales due to a decline in mortgage originations and a $50 million decrease in net mortgage servicing revenue. Refer to the Noninterest Income section of MD&A for additional information on the fluctuations in mortgage banking net revenue.
Noninterest expense decreased $53 million and $111 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to a decline of $34 million in other noninterest expense due to lower litigation expense, representation and warranty expense, loan and lease expense and corporate overhead allocations. Salaries, incentives and benefits declined $19 million primarily as a result of lower mortgage loan originations. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was due to a decline of $86 million in salaries, incentives and benefits which decreased primarily as a result of lower mortgage originations and a decrease of $25 million in other noninterest expense. Other noninterest expense decreased primarily due to decreases in representation and warranty expense, loan and lease expense and corporate overhead allocations, partially offset by an increase in litigation expense.
Average consumer loans and leases decreased $1.1 billion and $1.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. Average residential mortgage loans, including held for sale, decreased $1.1 billion and $1.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year due primarily to a decline of $1.3 billion and $1.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, in average residential mortgage loans held for sale from reduced origination volumes driven by higher mortgage rates. The decrease was partially offset by the continued retention of certain shorter term residential mortgage loans originated through the Bancorp’s retail branches and the decision to retain certain conforming ARMs and certain other fixed-rate loans originated during the three months ended September 30, 2014. In addition, average home equity loans decreased $73 million and $79 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year as payoffs exceeded new loan production. Average automobile loans, including held for sale, increased $87 million and $107 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year due to new originations exceeding run-off.
Investment Advisors provides a full range of investment alternatives for individuals, companies and not-for-profit organizations. Investment Advisors is made up of four main businesses: FTS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bancorp; ClearArc Capital, Inc. (formerly Fifth Third Asset Management, Inc.), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bancorp; Fifth Third Private Bank; and Fifth Third Institutional Services. FTS offers full service retail brokerage services to individual clients and broker dealer services to the institutional marketplace. ClearArc Capital, Inc. provides asset management services. Fifth Third Private Bank offers holistic strategies to affluent clients in wealth planning, investing, insurance and wealth protection. Fifth Third Institutional Services provides advisory services for institutional clients including states and municipalities.
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The following table contains selected financial data for the Investment Advisors segment:
TABLE 28: Investment Advisors
Loans and leases
Net income was $13 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to net income of $20 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease was driven primarily by a decrease in net interest income and an increase in noninterest expense, partially offset by an increase in noninterest income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net income was $40 million compared to $45 million for the same period of the prior year. The decrease was driven primarily by a decrease in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in noninterest expense and an increase in noninterest income. Net interest income decreased $8 million and $19 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year primarily due to a decrease in FTP credits on interest checking deposits.
Noninterest income increased $3 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same periods of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to a $6 million increase in investment advisory revenue partially offset by a $3 million decrease in other noninterest income. The increase in investment advisory revenue was primarily driven by an increase of $5 million in private client services revenue due to growth in personal asset management fees. The decrease in other noninterest income was driven by a decrease in international revenue and a gain on the sale of a certain fund which was sold in the third quarter of 2013. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to a $11 million increase in private client services revenue due to the reason previously mentioned, partially offset by an $8 million decrease in other noninterest income as other noninterest income in the prior year period included $7 million in gains on the sale of certain advisory contracts and the previously mentioned sale of a certain fund.
Noninterest expense increased $4 million and decreased $11 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily driven by an increase in other noninterest expense due to a $4 million recovery of previously recognized fraud losses in the three months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to a decrease in other noninterest expense driven by a $7 million decrease in fraud losses and a decrease in corporate overhead allocations.
Average loans and leases increased $190 million and $255 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2013 primarily due to increases in average residential mortgage loans and average commercial mortgage loans, partially offset by a decrease in average home equity. Average core deposits increased $812 million and $878 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year primarily due to growth in average interest checking balances as customers have opted to maintain excess funds in liquid transaction accounts as a result of interest rates remaining near historic lows.
General Corporate and Other
General Corporate and Other includes the unallocated portion of the investment securities portfolio, securities gains and losses, certain non-core deposit funding, unassigned equity, provision expense in excess of net charge-offs or a benefit from the reduction of the ALLL, representation and warranty expense in excess of actual losses or a benefit from the reduction of representation and warranty reserves, the payment of preferred stock dividends and certain support activities and other items not attributed to the business segments.
Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 were impacted by a benefit of $44 million and $168 million, respectively, due to reductions in the ALLL. Net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was $2 million compared to $31 million in the same period of the prior year. Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $31 million compared to $132 million in the same period of the prior year. Decreases in net interest income for both periods were due to decreases in the benefit related to the FTP charges on loans and increases in interest expense on long-term debt, partially offset by increases in interest income on taxable securities. Results were impacted by a noninterest income loss of $26 million and noninterest income of $165 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to noninterest income of $118 million and $543 million for the three and nine
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months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was driven by a gain of $85 million on the sale of Vantiv, Inc. shares in the third quarter of 2013. In addition, the negative valuation adjustment on the stock warrant associated with Vantiv Holding, LLC was $53 million compared to the positive valuation adjustment of $6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was driven by a gain of $125 million on the sale of Vantiv, Inc. shares in the second quarter of 2014 compared to gains totaling $327 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. In addition, the negative valuation adjustments on the stock warrant associated with Vantiv Holding, LLC was $26 million compared to the positive valuation adjustments of $116 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Additionally, the equity method earnings from the Bancorp’s interest in Vantiv Holding, LLC decreased $5 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 and decreased $21 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Noninterest income also included $3 million and $19 million of negative valuation adjustments related to the Visa total return swap for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared with $2 million and $13 million, respectively, from the same periods of the prior year.
Noninterest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was a benefit of $15 million and $29 million, respectively, compared to an expense of $11 million and $93 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The decreases for both periods were driven by decreases in compensation expense, FDIC insurance and other taxes and litigation and regulatory activity, partially offset by a decrease in the benefit from other noninterest expense driven by decreased corporate overhead allocations from General Corporate and Other to the other business segments.
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RISK MANAGEMENT – OVERVIEW
Managing risk is an essential component of successfully operating a financial services company. The Bancorp’s risk management approach includes processes for identifying, assessing, managing, monitoring and reporting risks. The ERM division and the Bancorp Credit division, led by the Bancorp’s Chief Risk and Credit Officer, ensure the consistency and adequacy of the Bancorp’s risk management approach within the structure of the Bancorp’s affiliate operating model. In addition, the Internal Audit division provides an independent assessment of the Bancorp’s internal control structure and related systems and processes.
The assumption of risk requires robust and active risk management practices that comprise an integrated and comprehensive set of activities, measures and strategies that apply to the entire organization. The Bancorp has established a Risk Appetite Framework, approved by the Board, that provides the foundations of corporate risk capacity, risk appetite and risk tolerances. The Bancorp’s risk capacity is represented by its available financial resources. Risk capacity sets an absolute limit on risk-assumption in the Bancorp’s annual and strategic plans. The Bancorp understands that not all financial resources may persist as viable loss buffers over time. Further, consideration must be given to regulatory capital buffers required per Capital Policy Targets that would reduce risk capacity. Those factors take the form of capacity adjustments to arrive at an Operating Risk Capacity which represents the operating risk level the Bancorp can assume while maintaining its solvency standard. The Bancorp’s policy currently discounts its Operating Risk Capacity by a minimum of five percent to provide a buffer; as a result, the Bancorp’s risk appetite is limited by policy to, at most, 95% of its Operating Risk Capacity.
Economic capital is the amount of unencumbered financial resources required to support the Bancorp’s risks. The Bancorp measures economic capital under the assumption that it expects to maintain debt ratings at strong investment grade levels over time. The Bancorp’s capital policies require that the Operating Risk Capacity less the aforementioned buffer exceed the calculated economic capital required in its business.
Risk appetite is the aggregate amount of risk the Bancorp is willing to accept in pursuit of its strategic and financial objectives. By establishing boundaries around risk taking and business decisions, and by incorporating the needs and goals of its shareholders, regulators, rating agencies and customers, the Bancorp’s risk appetite is aligned with its priorities and goals. Risk tolerance is the maximum amount of risk applicable to each of the eight specific risk categories included in its Enterprise Risk Management Framework. This is expressed primarily in qualitative terms. The Bancorp’s risk appetite and risk tolerances are supported by risk targets and risk limits. Those limits are used to monitor the amount of risk assumed at a granular level. On a quarterly basis, the Risk and Compliance Committee of the Board reviews performance against key risk limits as well as current assessments of each of the eight risk types relative to the established tolerance. Any results over limits or outside of tolerance require the development of an action plan that describes actions to be taken to return the measure to within the limit or tolerance.
The risks faced by the Bancorp include, but are not limited to, credit, market, liquidity, operational, regulatory compliance, legal, reputational and strategic. Each of these risks is managed through the Bancorp’s risk program which includes the following key functions:
Enterprise Risk Management is responsible for developing and overseeing the implementation of risk programs and reporting that facilitate a broad integrated view of risk. The department also leads the continual fostering of a strong risk management culture and the framework, policies and committees that support effective risk governance, including the oversight of Sarbanes-Oxley compliance;
Commercial Credit Risk Management is responsible for overseeing the safety and soundness of the commercial loan portfolio within an independent portfolio management framework that supports the Bancorp’s commercial loan growth strategies and underwriting practices, ensuring portfolio optimization and appropriate risk controls;
Risk Strategies and Reporting is responsible for quantitative analysis needed to support the commercial dual rating methodology, ALLL methodology and analytics needed to assess credit risk and develop mitigation strategies related to that risk. The department also provides oversight, reporting and monitoring of commercial underwriting and credit administration processes. The Risk Strategies and Reporting department is also responsible for the economic capital program and risk management governance and reporting;
Consumer Credit Risk Management is responsible for overseeing the safety and soundness of the consumer portfolio within an independent management framework that supports the Bancorp’s consumer loan growth strategies, ensuring portfolio optimization, appropriate risk controls and oversight, reporting, and monitoring of underwriting and credit administration processes;
Operational Risk Management works with lines of business and affiliates to maintain processes to monitor and manage all aspects of operational risk, including ensuring consistency in application of operational risk programs;
Bank Protection oversees and manages fraud prevention and detection and provides investigative and recovery services for the Bancorp;
Capital Markets Risk Management is responsible for instituting, monitoring, and reporting appropriate trading limits, monitoring liquidity, interest rate risk and risk tolerances within Treasury, Mortgage, and Capital Markets groups and utilizing a value at risk model for Bancorp market risk exposure;
Regulatory Compliance Risk Management ensures that processes are in place to monitor and comply with federal and state banking regulations, including processes related to fiduciary, community reinvestment act and fair lending compliance. The function also has the responsibility for maintenance of an enterprise-wide compliance framework; and
The ERM division creates and maintains other functions, committees or processes as are necessary to effectively oversee risk management throughout the Bancorp.
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Risk management oversight and governance is provided by the Risk and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors and through multiple management committees whose membership includes a broad cross-section of line-of-business, affiliate and support representatives. The Risk and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors consists of five outside directors and has the responsibility for the oversight of risk management for the Bancorp, as well as for the Bancorp’s overall aggregate risk profile. The Risk and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors has approved the formation of key management governance committees that are responsible for evaluating risks and controls. The primary committee responsible for the oversight of risk management is the ERMC. Committees accountable to the ERMC, which support the core risk programs, are the Corporate Credit Committee, the Operational Risk Committee, the Management Compliance Committee, the Asset/Liability Committee and the Enterprise Marketing Committee. Other committees accountable to the ERMC oversee the ALLL, capital and community reinvestment act/fair lending functions. There are also new products and initiatives processes applicable to every line of business to ensure an appropriate standard readiness assessment is performed before launching a new product or initiative. Significant risk policies approved by the management governance committees are also reviewed and approved by the Risk and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors.
Credit Risk Review is an independent function responsible for evaluating the sufficiency of underwriting, documentation and approval processes for consumer and commercial credits, the accuracy of risk grades assigned to commercial credit exposure, nonaccrual status, specific reserves and monitoring for charge-offs. Credit Risk Review reports directly to the Risk and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors and administratively to the Chief Auditor.
The Bancorp conducts regular reviews of the industries it serves based on the changing competitive and regulatory environment. Based on the most recent review and the significant changes within the mortgage industry over the past several years, the Bancorp exited the Residential Wholesale Loan Broker business during the first quarter of 2014.
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT
The objective of the Bancorp’s credit risk management strategy is to quantify and manage credit risk on an aggregate portfolio basis, as well as to limit the risk of loss resulting from the failure of a borrower or counterparty to honor its financial or contractual obligations to the Bancorp. The Bancorp’s credit risk management strategy is based on three core principles: conservatism, diversification and monitoring. The Bancorp believes that effective credit risk management begins with conservative lending practices. These practices include conservative exposure and counterparty limits and conservative underwriting, documentation and collection standards. The Bancorp’s credit risk management strategy also emphasizes diversification on a geographic, industry and customer level as well as ongoing portfolio monitoring and timely management reviews of large credit exposures and credits experiencing deterioration of credit quality. Credit officers with the authority to extend credit are delegated specific authority amounts, the utilization of which is closely monitored. Underwriting activities are centrally managed, and ERM manages the policy and the authority delegation process directly. The Credit Risk Review function provides objective assessments of the quality of underwriting and documentation, the accuracy of risk grades and the charge-off, nonaccrual and reserve analysis process. The Bancorp’s credit review process and overall assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based on quarterly assessments of the probable estimated losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. The Bancorp uses these assessments to promptly identify potential problem loans or leases within the portfolio, maintain an adequate reserve and take any necessary charge-offs. The Bancorp defines potential problem loans as those rated substandard that do not meet the definition of a nonperforming asset or a restructured loan. See Note 6 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Bancorp’s credit grade categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions.
The following tables provide a summary of potential problem loans:
TABLE 29: Potential Problem Loans
Commercial and industrial
TABLE 30: Potential Problem Loans
As of December 31, 2013 ($ in millions)
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In addition to the individual review of larger commercial loans that exhibit probable or observed credit weaknesses, the commercial credit review process includes the use of two risk grading systems. The risk grading system currently utilized for reserve analysis purposes encompasses ten categories. The Bancorp also maintains a dual risk rating system for credit approval and pricing, portfolio monitoring and capital allocation that includes a “through-the-cycle” rating philosophy for modeling expected losses. The dual risk rating system includes thirteen probabilities of default grade categories and an additional six grade categories for estimating losses given an event of default. The probability of default and loss given default evaluations are not separated in the ten-category risk rating system. The Bancorp has completed significant validation and testing of the dual risk rating system as a commercial credit risk management tool. The Bancorp is assessing the necessary modifications to the dual risk rating system outputs to develop a U.S. GAAP compliant ALLL model and will make a decision on the use of modified dual risk ratings for purposes of determining the Bancorp’s ALLL once the FASB has issued a final standard regarding proposed methodology changes to the determination of credit impairment as outlined in the FASB’s Proposed Accounting Standard Update- Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Subtopic 825-15) issued on December 20, 2012. Scoring systems, various analytical tools and portfolio performance monitoring are used to assess the credit risk in the Bancorp’s homogenous consumer and small business loan portfolios.
Economic growth is improving and GDP is expected to maintain its modest expansionary pattern. The job market is slowly but steadily improving. Housing prices have largely stabilized and are increasing in many markets, but overall current economic conditions are causing weaker than desired qualified loan demand and a relatively low interest rate environment, which directly impacts the Bancorp’s growth and profitability.
Among consumer portfolios, residential mortgage and brokered home equity portfolios exhibited the most stress. As of September 30, 2014, consumer real estate loans originated from 2005 to 2008 represent approximately 27% of the consumer real estate portfolio and approximately 72% of total losses for the third quarter of 2014. Loss rates continue to improve as newer vintages are performing within expectations. With the stabilization of certain real estate markets, the Bancorp began to selectively originate new homebuilder and developer lending and nonowner-occupied commercial lending real estate in the third quarter of 2011. Currently, the level of new commercial real estate fundings is slightly above the amortization and pay-off of the portfolio. The Bancorp continues to aggressively engage in other loss mitigation strategies such as reducing credit commitments, restructuring certain commercial and consumer loans, as well as utilizing commercial and consumer loan workout teams. For commercial and consumer loans owned by the Bancorp, loan modification strategies are developed that are workable for both the borrower and the Bancorp when the borrower displays a willingness to cooperate. These strategies typically involve either a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the loan’s maturity date(s) with a stated rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or in limited circumstances, a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest. For residential mortgage loans serviced for FHLMC and FNMA, the Bancorp participates in the HAMP and HARP 2.0 programs. For loans refinanced under the HARP 2.0 program, the Bancorp strictly adheres to the underwriting requirements of the program and promptly sells the refinanced loan back to the agencies. Loan restructuring under the HAMP program is performed on behalf of FHLMC or FNMA and the Bancorp does not take possession of these loans during the modification process. Therefore, participation in these programs does not significantly impact the Bancorp’s credit quality statistics. The Bancorp participates in trial modifications in conjunction with the HAMP program for loans it services for FHLMC and FNMA. As these trial modifications relate to loans serviced for others, they are not included in the Bancorp’s troubled debt restructurings as they are not assets of the Bancorp. In the event there is a representation and warranty violation on loans sold through the programs, the Bancorp may be required to repurchase the sold loan. As of September 30, 2014, repurchased loans restructured or refinanced under these programs were immaterial to the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, as of September 30, 2014, $20 million of loans refinanced under HARP 2.0 were included in loans held for sale in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Bancorp recognized $2 million and $10 million, respectively, of noninterest income in mortgage banking net revenue in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income related to the sale of loans restructured or refinanced under the HAMP and HARP 2.0 programs.
In the financial services industry, there has been heightened focus on foreclosure activity and processes. The Bancorp actively works with borrowers experiencing difficulties and has regularly modified or provided forbearance to borrowers where a workable solution could be found. Foreclosure is a last resort, and the Bancorp undertakes foreclosures only when it believes they are necessary and appropriate and is careful to ensure that customer and loan data are accurate.
During the fourth quarter of 2013, the Bancorp settled certain repurchase claims related to mortgage loans originated and sold to FHLMC prior to January 1, 2009 for $25 million, after paid claim credits and other adjustments. The settlement removes the Bancorp’s responsibility to repurchase or indemnify FHLMC for representation and warranty violations on any loan sold prior to January 1, 2009 except in limited circumstances.
Commercial Portfolio
The Bancorp’s credit risk management strategy includes minimizing concentrations of risk through diversification. The Bancorp has commercial loan concentration limits based on industry, lines of business within the commercial segment, geography and credit product type.
The risk within the commercial loan and lease portfolio is managed and monitored through an underwriting process utilizing detailed origination policies, continuous loan level reviews, monitoring of industry concentration and product type limits and continuous portfolio risk management reporting. The origination policies for commercial real estate outline the risks and underwriting requirements for owner and nonowner-occupied and construction lending. Included in the policies are maturity and amortization terms, maximum LTVs, minimum debt service coverage ratios, construction loan monitoring procedures, appraisal requirements, pre-leasing requirements (as applicable) and sensitivity, pro-forma analysis requirements and interest rate sensitivity. The Bancorp requires a valuation of real estate collateral, which may include third-party appraisals, be performed at the time of origination and renewal in accordance with regulatory requirements and on an as needed basis when market conditions justify. Although the Bancorp does not back test these collateral value assumptions, the Bancorp maintains an appraisal review department to order and review third-party appraisals in accordance with regulatory requirements. Collateral values on criticized assets with relationships exceeding $1 million are reviewed quarterly to assess the appropriateness of the value ascribed in the assessment of charge-offs and specific reserves. In addition, the Bancorp applies incremental valuation haircuts to older appraisals that relate to collateral dependent loans, which can currently be up to 20-30% of the appraised value based on the type of collateral. These incremental valuation haircuts generally reflect the age of the most recent appraisal as well as collateral type. Trends in collateral values, such as home price indices and recent asset dispositions, are monitored in order to determine whether changes to the appraisal haircuts are warranted. Other factors such as local market conditions or location may also be considered as necessary.
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The Bancorp assesses all real estate and non-real estate collateral securing a loan and considers all cross collateralized loans in the calculation of the LTV ratio. The following tables provide detail on the most recent LTV ratios for commercial mortgage loans greater than $1 million, excluding impaired commercial mortgage loans individually evaluated. The Bancorp does not typically aggregate the LTV ratios for commercial mortgage loans less than $1 million.
TABLE 31: Commercial Mortgage Loans Outstanding by LTV, Loans Greater Than $1 Million
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
TABLE 32: Commercial Mortgage Loans Outstanding by LTV, Loans Greater Than $1 Million
Commercial mortgage owner occupied loans
Commercial mortgage non-owner occupied loans
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The following table provides detail on commercial loans and leases by industry classification (as defined by the North American Industry Classification System), by loan size and by state, illustrating the diversity and granularity of the Bancorp’s commercial loans and leases as of:
TABLE 33: Commercial Loan and Lease Portfolio (excluding loans held for sale)
By industry:
Manufacturing
Financial services and insurance
Real estate
Business services
Wholesale trade
Healthcare
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Communication and information
Construction
Accommodation and food
Mining
Entertainment and recreation
Utilities
Other services
Public administration
Agribusiness
Individuals
By loan size:
Less than $200,000
$200,000 to $1 million
$1 million to $5 million
$5 million to $10 million
$10 million to $25 million
Greater than $25 million
By state:
Ohio
Michigan
Illinois
Florida
Indiana
Kentucky
North Carolina
Tennessee
Pennsylvania
All other states
TABLE 34: Nonowner-Occupied Commercial Real Estate(a)
By State:
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TABLE 35: Nonowner-Occupied Commercial Real Estate(a)
As of September 30, 2013 ($ in millions)
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Consumer Portfolio
The Bancorp’s consumer portfolio is materially comprised of three categories of loans: residential mortgage, home equity, and automobile. The Bancorp has identified certain categories within these loan types which it believes represent a higher level of risk compared to the rest of the consumer loan portfolio due to high loan amount to collateral value. The Bancorp does not update LTV ratios for the consumer portfolio subsequent to origination except as part of the charge-off process for real estate secured loans.
Residential Mortgage Portfolio
The Bancorp manages credit risk in the residential mortgage portfolio through conservative underwriting and documentation standards and geographic and product diversification. The Bancorp may also package and sell loans in the portfolio.
The Bancorp does not originate mortgage loans that permit customers to defer principal payments or make payments that are less than the accruing interest. The Bancorp originates both fixed and adjustable rate residential mortgage loans. Resets of rates on adjustable rate mortgages are not expected to have a material impact on credit costs in the current interest rate environment, as approximately $900 million of adjustable rate residential mortgage loans will have rate resets during the next twelve months. Approximately one third of those resets are expected to experience an increase in rate, with an average increase of approximately an eighth of a percent.
Certain residential mortgage products have contractual features that may increase credit exposure to the Bancorp in the event of a decline in housing values. These types of mortgage products offered by the Bancorp include loans with high LTV ratios, multiple loans on the same collateral that when combined result in an LTV greater than 80% and interest-only loans. The Bancorp has deemed residential mortgage loans with greater than 80% LTV ratios and no mortgage insurance as loans that represent a higher level of risk.
The following table provides an analysis of the residential mortgage portfolio loans outstanding by LTV at origination as of:
TABLE 36: Residential Mortgage Portfolio Loans by LTV at Origination
LTV £ 80%
LTV > 80%, with mortgage insurance
LTV > 80%, no mortgage insurance
The following tables provide analysis of the residential mortgage portfolio loans outstanding with a greater than 80% LTV ratio and no mortgage insurance:
TABLE 37: Residential Mortgage Portfolio Loans, LTV Greater than 80%, No Mortgage Insurance
TABLE 38: Residential Mortgage Portfolio Loans, LTV Greater than 80%, No Mortgage Insurance
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Home Equity Portfolio
The Bancorp’s home equity portfolio is primarily comprised of home equity lines of credit. Beginning in the first quarter of 2013, the Bancorp’s newly originated home equity lines of credit have a 10-year interest only draw period followed by a 20-year amortization period. The home equity line of credit previously offered by the Bancorp was a revolving facility with a 20-year term, minimum payments of interest only and a balloon payment of principal at maturity.
The ALLL provides coverage for probable and estimable losses in the home equity portfolio. The allowance attributable to the portion of the home equity portfolio that has not been restructured in a TDR is calculated on a pooled basis with senior lien and junior lien categories segmented in the determination of the probable credit losses in the home equity portfolio. The modeled loss factor for the home equity portfolio is based on the trailing twelve month historical loss rate for each category, as adjusted for certain prescriptive loss rate factors and certain qualitative adjustment factors to reflect risks associated with current conditions and trends. The prescriptive loss rate factors include adjustments for delinquency trends, LTV trends, refreshed FICO score trends and product mix. The qualitative factors include adjustments for credit administration and portfolio management, credit policy and underwriting and the national and local economy. The Bancorp considers home price index trends when determining the national and local economy qualitative factor.
The home equity portfolio is managed in two primary groups: loans outstanding with a combined LTV greater than 80% and those loans with a LTV 80% or less based upon appraisals at origination. The carrying value of the greater than 80% LTV home equity loans and 80% or less LTV home equity loans were $3.0 billion and $5.9 billion, respectively, as of September 30, 2014. Of the total $9.0 billion of outstanding home equity loans:
83% reside within the Bancorp’s Midwest footprint of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois;
34% are in senior lien positions and 66% are in junior lien positions at September 30, 2014;
Over 80% of non-delinquent borrowers made at least one payment greater than the minimum payment during the three months ended September 30, 2014; and
The portfolio had an average refreshed FICO score of 739 at September 30, 2014 and 736 at December 31, 2013.
The Bancorp actively manages lines of credit and makes reductions in lending limits when it believes it is necessary based on FICO score deterioration and property devaluation. The Bancorp does not routinely obtain appraisals on performing loans to update LTV ratios after origination. However, the Bancorp monitors the local housing markets by reviewing various home price indices and incorporates the impact of the changing market conditions in its ongoing credit monitoring processes. For junior lien home equity loans which become 60 days or more past due, the Bancorp tracks the performance of the senior lien loans in which the Bancorp is the servicer and utilizes consumer credit bureau attributes to monitor the status of the senior lien loans that the Bancorp does not service. If the senior lien loan is found to be 120 days or more past due, the junior lien home equity loan is placed on nonaccrual status unless both loans are well-secured and in the process of collection. Additionally, if the junior lien home equity loan becomes 120 days or more past due and the senior lien loan is also 120 days or more past due, the junior lien home equity loan is assessed for charge-off, unless it is well-secured and in the process of collection. Refer to the Analysis of Nonperforming Assets section of MD&A for more information.
The following table provides an analysis of home equity loans outstanding disaggregated based upon refreshed FICO score as of:
TABLE 39: Home Equity Loans Outstanding by Refreshed FICO Score
Senior Liens:
FICO < 620
FICO 621-719
FICO > 720
Total Senior Liens
Junior Liens:
Total Junior Liens
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The Bancorp believes that home equity loans with a greater than 80% combined LTV ratio present a higher level of risk. The following table provides an analysis of the home equity loans outstanding in a senior and junior lien position by LTV at origination as of:
TABLE 40: Home Equity Loans Outstanding by LTV at Origination
LTV > 80%
The following tables provide analysis of home equity loans by state with combined LTV greater than 80%:
TABLE 41: Home Equity Loans Outstanding with LTV Greater than 80%
TABLE 42: Home Equity Loans Outstanding with LTV Greater than 80%
Automobile Portfolio
The automobile portfolio is characterized by direct and indirect lending products to consumers. As of September 30, 2014, 51% of the automobile loan portfolio is comprised of loans collateralized by new automobiles. It is a common practice to advance on automobile loans an amount in excess of the automobile value due to the inclusion of taxes, title, and other fees paid at closing. The Bancorp monitors its exposure to these higher risk loans.
The following table provides an analysis of automobile loans outstanding by LTV at origination as of:
TABLE 43: Automobile Loans Outstanding by LTV at Origination
LTV £ 100%
LTV > 100%
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The following table provides an analysis of the Bancorp’s automobile loans with a LTV at origination greater than 100%:
TABLE 44: Automobile Loans Outstanding by LTV Greater than 100%
September 30, 2014
September 30, 2013
European Exposure
The Bancorp has no direct sovereign exposure to any European nation as of September 30, 2014. In providing services to our customers, the Bancorp routinely enters into financial transactions with foreign domiciled and U.S. subsidiaries of foreign businesses as well as foreign financial institutions. These financial transactions are in the form of loans, loan commitments, letters of credit, derivatives and securities. The Bancorp’s risk appetite for foreign country exposure is managed by having established country exposure limits. The Bancorp’s total exposure to European domiciled or owned businesses and European financial institutions was $3.9 billion and funded exposure was $2.4 billion as of September 30, 2014. Additionally, the Bancorp was within its established country exposure limits for all European countries.
The following table provides detail about the Bancorp’s exposure to all European domiciled and owned businesses and financial institutions as of September 30, 2014:
TABLE 45: European Exposure
Peripheral Europe(b)
Other Eurozone(c)
Total Eurozone
Other Europe(d)
Total Europe
Analysis of Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of the principal and/or interest is uncertain; restructured commercial and credit card loans which have not yet met the requirements to be classified as a performing asset; restructured consumer loans which are 90 days past due based on the restructured terms unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection; and certain other assets, including OREO and other repossessed property. A summary of nonperforming assets is included in Table 46. Refer to the nonaccrual section of Note 1 in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 for additional delinquency and nonperforming asset information.
Total nonperforming assets, including loans held for sale, were $803 million at September 30, 2014 compared to $986 million at December 31, 2013. At September 30, 2014, $7 million of nonaccrual loans, consisting primarily of real estate secured loans, were held for sale, compared to $6 million at December 31, 2013.
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans, leases and other assets, including OREO and nonaccrual loans held for sale as of September 30, 2014 were 0.88%, compared to 1.10% as of December 31, 2013. The composition of nonaccrual loans and leases continues to be concentrated in real estate as 54% of nonaccrual loans and leases were secured by real estate as of September 30, 2014 compared with 60% as of December 31, 2013.
Commercial nonperforming loans and leases were $392 million at September 30, 2014, a decrease of $72 million from December 31, 2013 as charge-offs, loan paydowns/payoffs, loan transfers to performing and loans sold from the portfolio outpaced new nonaccruals. Excluding commercial nonperforming loans and leases held for sale, commercial nonperforming loans and leases at September 30, 2014 decreased $73 million compared to December 31, 2013.
Consumer nonperforming loans and leases were $235 million at September 30, 2014, a decrease of $58 million from December 31, 2013. The decrease was primarily due to loan paydowns/payoffs, charge-offs, and transfers to performing and OREO which outpaced new residential mortgage nonaccrual loans. Geographical market conditions continue to be a large driver of nonaccrual activity as Florida properties represent approximately 12% and eight percent of residential mortgage balances and home equity balances, respectively, but represent 35% and 15% of nonaccrual loans for residential mortgages and nonaccrual loans for home equity, for each category at September 30, 2014. Refer to Table 47 for a rollforward of the nonperforming loans and leases.
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OREO and other repossessed property was $176 million at September 30, 2014, compared to $229 million at December 31, 2013. The Bancorp recognized $3 million and $8 million in losses on the sale or write-down of OREO properties for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $22 million and $37 million in losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was primarily due to a modest improvement in general economic conditions.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, approximately $13 million and $40 million, respectively, of interest income would have been recognized if the nonaccrual and renegotiated loans and leases on nonaccrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 approximately $17 million and $55 million, respectively, of interest income would have been recognized. Although these values help demonstrate the costs of carrying nonaccrual credits, the Bancorp does not expect to recover the full amount of interest as nonaccrual loans and leases are generally carried below their principal balance.
TABLE 46: Summary of Nonperforming Assets and Delinquent Loans
Nonaccrual loans and leases:
Restructured loans and leases:
Commercial mortgage loans(e)
Total nonperforming loans and leases(d)
OREO and other repossessed property(c)
Total nonperforming assets
Nonaccrual loans held for sale
Restructured loans - nonaccrual held for sale
Total nonperforming assets including loans held for sale
Loans and leases 90 days past due and accruing
Residential mortgage loans(b)
Total loans and leases 90 days past due and accruing
Nonperforming assets as a percent of portfolio loans, leases and other assets, including OREO(a)
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percent of nonperforming assets(a)
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The following table provides a rollforward of portfolio nonperforming loans and leases, by portfolio segment:
TABLE 47: Rollforward of Portfolio Nonperforming Loans and Leases
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 ($ in millions)
Beginning Balance
Transfers to nonperforming
Transfers to performing
Transfers to performing (restructured)
Transfers to held for sale
Loans sold from portfolio
Loan paydowns/payoffs
Transfers to other real estate owned
Charge-offs
Draws/other extensions of credit
Ending Balance
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ($ in millions)
(Charge-offs) recoveries
Troubled Debt Restructurings
If a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the Bancorp may consider, in certain circumstances, modifying the terms of their loan to maximize collection of amounts due. Typically, these modifications reduce the loan interest rate, extend the loan term, reduce the accrued interest or in limited circumstances, reduce the principal balance of the loan. These modifications are classified as TDRs.
At the time of modification, the Bancorp maintains certain consumer loan TDRs (including residential mortgage loans, home equity loans, and other consumer loans) on accrual status, provided there is reasonable assurance of repayment and performance according to the modified terms based upon a current, well-documented credit evaluation. Commercial loans modified as part of a TDR are maintained on accrual status provided there is a sustained payment history of six months or greater prior to the modification in accordance with the modified terms and all remaining contractual payments under the modified terms are reasonably assured of collection. TDRs of commercial loans and credit card loans that do not have a sustained payment history of six months or greater in accordance with the modified terms remain on nonaccrual status until a six-month payment history is sustained.
Consumer restructured loans on accrual status totaled $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. As of September 30, 2014, the percentage of restructured residential mortgage loans, home equity loans, and credit card loans that are past due 30 days or more from their modified terms were 21%, 11% and 34%, respectively.
The following tables summarize TDRs by loan type and delinquency status:
TABLE 48: Performing and Nonperforming TDRs
Commercial(b)(c)
Residential mortgages(a)
Automobile and other consumer loans and leases
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Analysis of Net Loan Charge-offs
Net charge-offs were 50 bps and 49 bps of average portfolio loans and leases for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and were 57 bps and 54 bps for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Table 49 provides a summary of credit loss experience and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding by loan category.
The ratio of commercial loan and lease net charge-offs to average portfolio commercial loans and leases increased to 40 bps and 51 bps during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to 35 bps and 38 bps during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was the result of increases in net charge-offs of $11 million compared to the same period in the prior year partially offset by an increase in average commercial loan and lease balances of $3.5 billion. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was the result of increases in net charge-offs of $62 million compared to the same period in the prior year partially offset by an increase in average commercial loan and lease balances of $3.5 billion. The increase in net charge-offs for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was driven primarily by an increase in charge-offs on commercial and industrial loans. The increase in net charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was driven primarily by an increase in charge-offs on commercial and industrial loans, primarily due to three large credits which experienced combined charge-offs of $60 million during the first quarter of 2014, and commercial construction loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 the increases in commercial and industrial loan and commercial construction loan net charge-offs were partially offset by a decrease in commercial mortgage loan net charge-offs, compared to the same period in the prior year, due to improvements in general economic conditions and previous actions taken by the Bancorp to address problem loans. There were no net charge-offs related to nonowner occupied commercial real estate for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and a recovery of net charge-offs of $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. Net charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 related to nonowner occupied commercial real estate were $7 million compared to $20 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Net charge-offs related to nonowner occupied commercial real estate are recorded in the commercial mortgage loans and commercial construction loans captions in Table 49. Net charge-offs on these loans represented 3% and 14% of total commercial loan and lease net charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The ratio of consumer loan and lease net charge-offs to average portfolio consumer loans and leases decreased to 66 bps during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 70 bps and 77 bps during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. Residential mortgage loan net charge-offs, which typically involve partial charge-offs based upon appraised values of underlying collateral, decreased $3 million and $16 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year as a result of improvements in loss severities. The Bancorp expects the composition of the residential mortgage portfolio to improve as it continues to retain high quality, shorter duration residential mortgage loans that were originated through its branch network as a low-cost, refinance product of conforming residential mortgage loans.
Home equity net charge-offs decreased $5 million and $22 million compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, primarily due to improvements in loss severities. In addition, management actively manages lines of credit and makes reductions in lending limits when it believes it is necessary based on FICO score deterioration and property devaluation.
Automobile loans, credit card and other consumer loans and leases net charge-offs remained relatively flat compared to the same periods in the prior year. The Bancorp utilizes a risk-adjusted pricing methodology to ensure adequate compensation is received for those products that have higher credit costs.
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TABLE 49: Summary of Credit Loss Experience
Losses charged-off:
Total losses
Recoveries of losses previously charged-off:
Total recoveries
Net losses charged-off:
Total net losses charged-off
Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans and leases (excluding held for sale):
Total commercial loans
Total consumer loans and leases
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is comprised of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded commitments. The ALLL provides coverage for probable and estimable losses in the loan and lease portfolio. The Bancorp evaluates the ALLL each quarter to determine its adequacy to cover inherent losses. Several factors are taken into consideration in the determination of the overall ALLL, including an unallocated component. These factors include, but are not limited to, the overall risk profile of the loan and lease portfolios, net charge-off experience, the extent of impaired loans and leases, the level of nonaccrual loans and leases, the level of 90 days past due loans and leases and the overall level of the ALLL as a percentage of loans. The Bancorp also considers overall asset quality trends, credit administration and portfolio management practices, risk identification practices, credit policy and underwriting practices, overall portfolio growth, portfolio concentrations and current national and local economic conditions that might impact the portfolio. More information on the ALLL can be found in Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Critical Accounting Policies in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Bancorp did not substantively change any material aspect of its overall approach in the determination of the ALLL and there have been no material changes in assumptions or estimation techniques as compared to prior periods that impacted the determination of the current period allowance. In addition to the ALLL, the Bancorp maintains a reserve for unfunded commitments recorded in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The methodology used to determine the adequacy of this reserve is similar to the Bancorp’s methodology for determining the ALLL. The provision for unfunded commitments is included in other noninterest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
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The ALLL attributable to the portion of the residential mortgage and consumer loan and lease portfolio that has not been restructured is determined on a pooled basis with the segmentation being based on the similarity of credit risk characteristics. Loss factors for real estate backed consumer loans are developed for each pool based on the trailing twelve month historical loss rate, as adjusted for certain prescriptive loss rate factors and certain qualitative adjustment factors. The prescriptive loss rate factors and qualitative adjustments are designed to reflect risks associated with current conditions and trends which are not believed to be fully reflected in the trailing twelve month historical loss rate. For real estate backed consumer loans, the prescriptive loss rate factors include adjustments for delinquency trends, LTV trends, refreshed FICO score trends and product mix, and the qualitative factors include adjustments for credit administration and portfolio management practices, credit policy and underwriting practices and the national and local economy. The Bancorp considers home price index trends in its footprint when determining the national and local economy qualitative factor. The Bancorp also considers the volatility of collateral valuation trends when determining the unallocated component of the ALLL.
The Bancorp’s determination of the ALLL for commercial loans is sensitive to the risk grades it assigns to these loans. In the event that 10% of commercial loans in each risk category would experience a downgrade of one risk category, the allowance for commercial loans would increase by approximately $147 million at September 30, 2014. In addition, the Bancorp’s determination of the allowance for residential and consumer loans is sensitive to changes in estimated loss rates. In the event that estimated loss rates would increase by 10%, the allowance for residential and consumer loans would increase by approximately $40 million at September 30, 2014. As several qualitative and quantitative factors are considered in determining the ALLL, these sensitivity analyses do not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the ALLL. They are intended to provide insights into the impact of adverse changes to risk grades and estimated loss rates and do not imply any expectation of future deterioration in the risk ratings or loss rates. Given current processes employed by the Bancorp, management believes the risk grades and estimated loss rates currently assigned are appropriate.
TABLE 50: Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses
ALLL:
Balance, beginning of period
Losses charged off
Recoveries of losses previously charged off
Balance, end of period
Reserve for unfunded commitments:
Certain inherent but unconfirmed losses are probable within the loan and lease portfolio. The Bancorp’s current methodology for determining the level of losses is based on historical loss rates, current credit grades, specific allocation on impaired commercial credits above specified thresholds and restructured loans and other qualitative adjustments. Due to the heavy reliance on realized historical losses and the credit grade rating process, the model-derived estimate of ALLL tends to slightly lag behind the deterioration in the portfolio in a stable or deteriorating credit environment, and tend not to be as responsive when improved conditions have presented themselves. Given these model limitations, the qualitative adjustment factors may be incremental or decremental to the quantitative model results.
An unallocated component of the ALLL is maintained to recognize the imprecision in estimating and measuring loss. The unallocated allowance as a percent of total portfolio loans and leases was 0.11% and 0.12% at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The unallocated allowance was seven percent of the total allowance as of both September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
As shown in Table 51, the ALLL as a percent of portfolio loans and leases was 1.56% at September 30, 2014 compared to 1.79% at December 31, 2013. The ALLL was $1.4 billion as of September 30, 2014 compared to $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2013. The decrease from December 31, 2013 was reflective of decreases in nonperforming loans and leases and improved delinquency metrics in commercial and consumer loans and leases.
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TABLE 51: Attribution of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses to Portfolio Loans and Leases
Allowance attributed to:
Unallocated
Total ALLL
Portfolio loans and leases:
Total portfolio loans and leases
Attributed allowance as a percent of respective portfolio loans and leases:
Unallocated (as a percent of total portfolio loans and leases)
Attributed allowance as a percent of total portfolio loans and leases
MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
Market risk arises from the potential for market fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and equity prices that may result in potential reductions in net income. Interest rate risk, a component of market risk, is the exposure to adverse changes in net interest income or financial position due to changes in interest rates. Management considers interest rate risk a prominent market risk in terms of its potential impact on earnings. Interest rate risk can occur for any one or more of the following reasons:
Assets and liabilities may mature or reprice at different times;
Short-term and long-term market interest rates may change by different amounts; or
The expected maturity of various assets or liabilities may shorten or lengthen as interest rates change.
In addition to the direct impact of interest rate changes on net interest income, interest rates can indirectly impact earnings through their effect on loan demand, credit losses, mortgage originations, the value of servicing rights and other sources of the Bancorp’s earnings. Stability of the Bancorp’s net income is largely dependent upon the effective management of interest rate risk. Management continually reviews the Bancorp’s balance sheet composition and earnings flows and models the interest rate risk, and possible actions to reduce this risk, given numerous possible future interest rate scenarios.
Interest Rate Risk Management Oversight
The Bancorp’s Executive ALCO, which includes senior management representatives and is accountable to the ERM Committee, monitors and manages interest rate risk within Board approved policy limits. In addition to the risk management activities of ALCO, the Bancorp has a Market Risk Management function as part of ERM that provides independent oversight of market risk activities.
Net Interest Income Sensitivity
The Bancorp employs a variety of measurement techniques to identify and manage its interest rate risk, including the use of an NII simulation model to analyze the sensitivity of net interest income to changing interest rates. The model is based on contractual and assumed cash flows and repricing characteristics for all of the Bancorp’s assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet exposures and incorporates market-based assumptions regarding the effect of changing interest rates on the prepayment rates of certain assets and attrition rates of certain liabilities. The model also includes senior management’s projections of the future volume and pricing of each of the product lines offered by the Bancorp as well as other pertinent assumptions. Actual results may differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies.
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The Bancorp’s interest rate risk exposure is evaluated by measuring the anticipated change in net interest income over 12-month and 24-month horizons assuming 100 bps and 200 bps parallel ramped increases in interest rates. In accordance with policy, rate movements are assumed to occur over one year and are sustained thereafter. The analysis would typically include 100 bps and 200 bps parallel ramped decreases in interest rates; however, this analysis is currently omitted due to the current low levels of certain interest rates. Applying the ramps would result in certain interest rates becoming negative in the parallel ramped decrease scenarios.
The following table shows the Bancorp’s estimated net interest income sensitivity profile and ALCO policy limits as of:
TABLE 52: Estimated NII Sensitivity Profile
Change in Interest Rates (bps)
+ 200
+ 100
At September 30, 2014, the Bancorp’s net interest income would benefit in year one and year two under these parallel ramp increases. The benefit is attributable to the combination of floating-rate assets, including the predominantly floating-rate commercial loan portfolio, and certain intermediate-term fixed-rate liabilities. The benefit is up modestly compared to September 30, 2013 and is attributable to continued growth in commercial loans and core deposits, and the issuance of fixed-rate debt securities.
Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity
The Bancorp also uses EVE as a measurement tool in managing interest rate risk. Whereas the net interest income sensitivity analysis highlights the impact on forecasted NII over one and two year time horizons, the EVE analysis is a point in time analysis of the current positions that incorporates all cash flows over their estimated remaining lives. The EVE of the balance sheet is defined as the discounted present value of all asset and net derivative cash flows less the discounted value of all liability cash flows. Due to this longer horizon, the sensitivity of EVE to changes in the level of interest rates is a measure of longer-term interest rate risk. EVE values only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate the growth assumptions used in the NII sensitivity analysis. As with the NII simulation model, assumptions about the timing and variability of existing balance sheet cash flows are critical in the EVE analysis. Particularly important are assumptions driving loan and security prepayments and the expected balance attrition and pricing of transaction deposits.
The following table shows the Bancorp’s EVE sensitivity profile as of:
TABLE 53: Estimated EVE Sensitivity Profile
+ 25
- 25
The EVE sensitivity is modestly negative at September 30, 2014 and is down from the EVE sensitivity at September 30, 2013. The lower level of EVE risk since September 30, 2013 is attributable to continued growth in commercial loans and core deposits, and the issuance of fixed-rate debt securities.
While an instantaneous shift in interest rates is used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure, the Bancorp believes that a gradual shift in interest rates would have a much more modest impact. Since EVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in EVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (e.g., the current fiscal year). Further, EVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in product mix, changes in yield curve relationships and changing product spreads that could mitigate or exacerbate the impact of changes in interest rates. The NII simulations and EVE analyses do not necessarily include certain actions that management may undertake to manage risk in response to anticipated changes in interest rates.
The Bancorp regularly evaluates its exposures to LIBOR and Prime basis risks, nonparallel shifts in the yield curve and embedded options risk. In addition, the impact on NII and EVE of extreme changes in interest rates is modeled, wherein the Bancorp employs the use of yield curve shocks and environment-specific scenarios.
Use of Derivatives to Manage Interest Rate Risk
An integral component of the Bancorp’s interest rate risk management strategy is its use of derivative instruments to minimize significant fluctuations in earnings caused by changes in market interest rates. Examples of derivative instruments that the Bancorp may use as part of its interest rate risk management strategy include interest rate swaps, interest rate floors, interest rate caps, forward contracts, options, swaptions and TBA securities.
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As part of its overall risk management strategy relative to its mortgage banking activity, the Bancorp enters into forward contracts accounted for as free-standing derivatives to economically hedge interest rate lock commitments that are also considered free-standing derivatives. Additionally, the Bancorp economically hedges its exposure to mortgage loans held for sale through the use of forward contracts and mortgage options.
The Bancorp also establishes derivative contracts with major financial institutions to economically hedge significant exposures assumed in commercial customer accommodation derivative contracts. Generally, these contracts have similar terms in order to protect the Bancorp from market volatility. Credit risk arises from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts, which the Bancorp minimizes through collateral arrangements, approvals, limits and monitoring procedures. For further information including the notional amount and fair values of these derivatives, see Note 12 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Portfolio Loans and Leases and Interest Rate Risk
Although the Bancorp’s portfolio loans and leases contain both fixed and floating/adjustable rate products, the rates of interest earned by the Bancorp on the outstanding balances are generally established for a period of time. The interest rate sensitivity of loans and leases is directly related to the length of time the rate earned is established. The following table summarizes the expected cash flows of the carrying value of the Bancorp’s portfolio loans and leases as of September 30, 2014:
TABLE 54: Portfolio Loan and Lease Expected Maturities
Subtotal - commercial loans and leases
Subtotal - consumer loans and leases
Additionally, the following table displays a summary of expected cash flows, excluding interest receivable, occurring after one year for both fixed and floating/adjustable rate loans and leases as of September 30, 2014:
TABLE 55: Portfolio Loan and Lease Cash Flows Occurring After One Year
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights and Interest Rate Risk
The net carrying amount of the residential MSR portfolio was $933 million and $967 million as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The value of servicing rights can fluctuate sharply depending on changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, as interest rates decline and loans are prepaid to take advantage of refinancing, the total value of existing servicing rights declines because no further servicing fees are collected on repaid loans. The Bancorp maintains a non-qualifying hedging strategy relative to its mortgage banking activity in order to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in the value of its MSR portfolio as a result of changing interest rates.
Mortgage rates increased during the three months ended September 30, 2014 which caused actual prepayments on the servicing portfolio to decrease. The decrease in actual prepayments on the servicing portfolio during the three months ended September 30, 2014 caused modeled prepayment speeds to decrease, which led to a recovery of temporary impairment of $21 million on servicing rights during the three months ended September 30, 2014. Mortgage rates decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 which caused actual prepayments on the servicing portfolio to increase. The increase in actual prepayments on the servicing portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 caused modeled prepayment speeds to increase, which led to a temporary impairment of $7 million on servicing rights during the nine
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months ended September 30, 2014. Mortgage rates decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2013 and increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease in interest rates during the three months ended September 30, 2013 caused modeled prepayments speeds to increase, which led to $1 million in temporary impairment on servicing rights during the three months ended September 30, 2013. The increase in interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 caused modeled prepayments speeds to slow, which led to a recovery of temporary impairment of $150 million on servicing rights during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Servicing rights are deemed temporarily impaired when a borrower’s loan rate is distinctly higher than prevailing rates. Temporary impairment on servicing rights is reversed when the prevailing rates return to a level commensurate with the borrower’s loan rate. In addition to the mortgage servicing rights valuation, the Bancorp recognized net losses of $22 million and net gains of $40 million on derivatives associated with its non-qualifying hedging strategy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, compared to net gains of $24 million and net losses of $13 million during the same periods in the prior year. Net gains on securities related to the Bancorp’s non-qualifying hedging strategy were zero during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and $5 million and $13 million during the same periods in the prior year. The Bancorp may adjust its hedging strategy to reflect its assessment of the composition of its MSR portfolio, the cost of hedging and the anticipated effectiveness of the hedges given the economic environment. See Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on servicing rights and the instruments used to hedge interest rate risk on MSRs.
Foreign Currency Risk
The Bancorp may enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts to economically hedge certain foreign denominated loans. The derivatives are classified as free-standing instruments with the revaluation gain or loss being recorded in other noninterest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The balance of the Bancorp’s foreign denominated loans at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $719 million and $581 million, respectively. The Bancorp also enters into foreign exchange contracts for the benefit of commercial customers involved in international trade to hedge their exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. The Bancorp has internal controls in place to help ensure excessive risk is not being taken in providing this service to customers. These controls include an independent determination of currency volatility and credit equivalent exposure on these contracts, counterparty credit approvals and country limits.
LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
The goal of liquidity management is to provide adequate funds to meet changes in loan and lease demand, unexpected levels of deposit withdrawals and other contractual obligations. Mitigating liquidity risk is accomplished by maintaining liquid assets in the form of investment securities, maintaining sufficient unused borrowing capacity in the debt markets and delivering consistent growth in core deposits. A summary of certain obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts is included in Note 16 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Bancorp maintains a contingency funding plan that assesses the liquidity needs under various scenarios of market conditions, asset growth and credit rating downgrades. The plan includes liquidity stress testing which measures various sources and uses of funds under the different scenarios. The contingency plan provides for ongoing monitoring of unused borrowing capacity and available sources of contingent liquidity to prepare for unexpected liquidity needs and to cover unanticipated events that could affect liquidity.
Sources of Funds
The Bancorp’s primary sources of funds relate to cash flows from loan and lease repayments, payments from securities related to sales and maturities, the sale or securitization of loans and leases and funds generated by core deposits, in addition to the use of public and private debt offerings.
Projected contractual maturities from loan and lease repayments are included in Table 54 of the Market Risk Management section of MD&A. Of the $22.9 billion of securities in the Bancorp’s available-for-sale and other portfolio at September 30, 2014, $2.9 billion in principal and interest is expected to be received in the next 12 months and an additional $3.2 billion is expected to be received in the next 13 to 24 months. For further information on the Bancorp’s securities portfolio, see the Investment Securities subsection of the Balance Sheet Analysis section of MD&A.
Asset-driven liquidity is provided by the Bancorp’s ability to sell or securitize loans and leases. In order to reduce the exposure to interest rate fluctuations and to manage liquidity, the Bancorp has developed securitization and sale procedures for several types of interest-sensitive assets. A majority of the long-term, fixed-rate single-family residential mortgage loans underwritten according to FHLMC or FNMA guidelines are sold for cash upon origination. Additional assets such as certain other residential mortgages, certain commercial loans, home equity loans, automobile loans and other consumer loans are also capable of being securitized or sold. The Bancorp sold or securitized loans totaling $1.3 billion and $7.4 billion, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $6.4 billion and $21.0 billion, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. For further information on the transfer of financial assets, see Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Core deposits have historically provided the Bancorp with a sizeable source of relatively stable and low cost funds. The Bancorp’s average core deposits and shareholders’ equity funded 82% of its average total assets for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. In addition to core deposit funding, the Bancorp also accesses a variety of other short-term and long-term funding sources, which include the use of the FHLB system. Certificates of deposit carrying a balance of $100,000 or more and deposits in the Bancorp’s foreign branch located in the Cayman Islands are wholesale funding tools utilized to fund asset growth. Management does not rely on any one source of liquidity and manages availability in response to changing balance sheet needs.
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As of September 30, 2014, $3.0 billion of debt or other securities were available for issuance under the current Bancorp’s Board of Directors’ authorizations and the Bancorp is authorized to file any necessary registration statements with the SEC to permit ready access to the public securities markets; however, access to these markets may depend on market conditions. On February 25, 2014, the Bancorp issued and sold $500 million of unsecured senior fixed-rate notes. On June 5, 2014, the Bancorp issued in a registered public offering 300,000 depositary shares, representing 12,000 shares of 4.90% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative Series J perpetual preferred stock, for net proceeds of $297 million. Additionally, the Bancorp has approximately $39.1 billion of borrowing capacity available through secured borrowing sources including the FHLB and FRB.
In 2013, the Bancorp’s banking subsidiary updated and amended its existing global bank note program to increase the capacity from $20 billion to $25 billion. On April 25, 2014, the Bank issued and sold $1.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior bank notes. On September 5, 2014, the Bank issued and sold $850 million of unsecured senior fixed-rate bank notes. The Bancorp has $19.1 billion of funding available for issuance under the global bank note program as of September 30, 2014.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Bancorp transferred approximately $2.8 billion in fixed-rate consumer automobile loans to bankruptcy remote trusts which were deemed to be VIEs. The Bancorp concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and, therefore, has consolidated these VIEs. The assets of these VIEs are restricted to the settlement of the notes and other obligations of the VIEs. Third-party holders of the notes do not have recourse to the general assets of the Bancorp.
Liquidity Coverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio
The BCBS’ key reform within the Basel III framework to strengthen international liquidity standards was the introduction of the LCR and NSFR. On January 7, 2013, the BCBS issued a final standard for the LCR applicable to large internationally active banking organizations. The BCBS plans on implementing the NSFR in 2018.
Section 165 of the Dodd-Frank Act requires the FRB to establish enhanced liquidity standards in the U.S. for BHCs with total assets of $50 billion or greater. On October 10, 2014, the U.S. Banking Agencies published final rules implementing a quantitative liquidity requirement consistent with the LCR standard established by the BCBS for large internationally active banking organizations, generally those with $250 billion or more in total consolidated assets or $10 billion or more in on-balance sheet foreign exposure. In addition, a modified LCR requirement was finalized for BHCs with $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets but that are not internationally active, such as Fifth Third. The modified LCR requires BHCs to maintain HQLA equal to its calculated net cash outflows over a 30 calendar-day stress period multiplied by a factor of 0.7. The modified LCR is effective January 1, 2016 and requires BHCs to calculate its LCR on a monthly basis. The final rule includes a transition period for the modified LCR in which BHCs must maintain HQLA of 90% of its calculated net cash outflows for 2016 and then 100% beginning in 2017. The Bancorp estimates its modified LCR was 92% at September 30, 2014 calculated under the modified LCR final rule. For more information on LCR, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of MD&A.
Credit Ratings
The cost and availability of financing to the Bancorp are impacted by its credit ratings. A downgrade to the Bancorp’s credit ratings could affect its ability to access the credit markets and increase its borrowing costs, thereby adversely impacting the Bancorp’s financial condition and liquidity. Key factors in maintaining high credit ratings include a stable and diverse earnings stream, strong credit quality, strong capital ratios and diverse funding sources, in addition to disciplined liquidity monitoring procedures.
The Bancorp’s credit ratings are summarized in Table 56. The ratings reflect the ratings agencies view on the Bancorp’s capacity to meet financial commitments. *
* As an investor, you should be aware that a security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, that it may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization and that each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Additional information on the credit rating ranking within the overall classification system is located on the website of each credit rating agency.
TABLE 56: Agency Ratings
As of November 7, 2014
Fifth Third Bancorp:
Short-term
Senior debt
Subordinated debt
Fifth Third Bank:
Long-term deposit
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Management regularly reviews the Bancorp’s capital levels to help ensure it is appropriately positioned under various operating environments. The Bancorp has established a Capital Committee which is responsible for making capital plan recommendations to management. These recommendations are reviewed by the ERM Committee and the capital plan is approved by the board. The Capital Committee is responsible for execution oversight of the capital actions of the capital plan.
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Capital Ratios
The U.S banking agencies established quantitative measures that assign risk weightings to assets and off-balance sheet items and also define and set minimum regulatory capital requirements. The U.S. banking agencies define “well capitalized” ratios for Tier I and Total risk-based capital as 6% and 10%, respectively. The Bancorp exceeded these “well-capitalized” ratios for all periods presented.
The Basel II advanced approach framework was finalized by U.S. banking agencies in 2007. Core banks, defined as those with consolidated total assets in excess of $250 billion or on-balance sheet foreign exposures of $10 billion were required to adopt the advanced approach effective April 1, 2008. The Bancorp does not meet these thresholds and, therefore, is not subject to the requirements of Basel II.
The Dodd-Frank Act requires more stringent prudential standards, including capital and liquidity requirements, for larger institutions. It also addresses the quality of capital components by limiting the degree to which certain hybrid instruments can be included. The Dodd-Frank Act will phase out the inclusion of certain TruPS as a component of Tier I risk-based capital when the Bancorp implements the revised regulatory capital rules known as Basel III.
In December of 2010 and revised in June of 2011, the BCBS issued Basel III, a global regulatory framework, to enhance international capital standards. In June of 2012, U.S. banking regulators proposed enhancements to the regulatory capital requirements for U.S. banks, which implement aspects of Basel III, such as re-defining the regulatory capital elements and minimum capital ratios, introducing regulatory capital buffers above those minimums, revising the agencies’ rules for calculating risk-weighted assets and introducing a new Tier I common equity ratio. In July of 2013, U.S. banking regulators approved final enhanced regulatory capital requirements (Basel III Final Rule), which included modifications to the proposed rules. The Basel III Final Rule provided for certain banks, including the Bancorp, to opt out of including AOCI in Tier I capital and also retained the treatment of residential mortgage exposures consistent with the current Basel I capital rules. The Basel III Final Rule will phase out the inclusion of certain TruPS as a component of Tier I capital. Under these provisions, these TruPS would qualify as a component of Tier II capital. At September 30, 2014, the Bancorp’s Tier I capital included $60 million of TruPS representing approximately 5 bps of risk weighted assets. The Basel III Final Rule is effective for the Bancorp on January 1, 2015, subject to phase-in periods for certain of its components and other provisions. The Bancorp’s current estimate of the pro-forma fully phased in Tier I common equity ratio at September 30, 2014 under the Basel III Final Rule is approximately 9.38% compared with 9.64% as calculated under the existing Basel I capital framework. The primary drivers of the change from the existing Basel I capital framework to the Basel III Final Rule are an increase in Tier I common equity of approximately 81 bps (primarily from the elimination of the current 10% deduction of mortgage servicing rights from capital), which would be more than offset by the impact of increases in risk-weighted assets (primarily from the treatment of securitization exposures, mortgage servicing rights and commitments with an original maturity of one year or less). If the Bancorp were to elect to include AOCI components in capital, the September 30, 2014 pro forma Basel III Final Rule Tier I common ratio would be increased by approximately 25 bps. The pro-forma Tier I common equity ratio exceeds the proposed minimum Tier I common equity ratio of 7% comprised of a minimum ratio of 4.5% plus a capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. The pro-forma Tier I common equity ratio does not include the effect of any mitigating actions the Bancorp may undertake to offset the impact of the proposed capital enhancements. Additionally, pursuant to the Basel III Final Rule, the minimum capital ratios as of January 1, 2015 will be 6% for the Tier I capital ratio, 8% for the Total risk-based capital ratio and 4% for the Tier I capital to average consolidated assets (leverage ratio). For further discussion on the Basel I and Basel III Tier I common equity ratios, see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of MD&A.
TABLE 57: Capital Ratios
Average equity as a percent of average assets
Tangible equity as a percent of tangible assets(a)
Tangible common equity as a percent of tangible assets(a)
Tier I capital
Risk-weighted assets(b)
Regulatory capital ratios:
Tier I common equity(a)
Stress Tests and CCAR
In 2011 the FRB adopted the capital plan rule, which requires BHCs with consolidated assets of $50 billion or more to submit annual capital plans to the FRB for review. Under the rule, these capital plans must included detailed descriptions of the following: the BHC’s internal processes for assessing capital adequacy; the policies governing capital actions such as common stock issuances, dividends, and share repurchases; and all planned capital actions over a nine-quarter planning horizon. Further, each BHC must also report to the FRB the results of stress tests conducted by the BHC under a number of scenarios that assess the sources and uses of capital under baseline and stressed economic scenarios. The FRB launched the 2014 stress testing program and CCAR on November 1, 2013, with firm submissions of stress test results and capital plans to the FRB due on January 6, 2014, which the Bancorp submitted as required.
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The FRB’s review of the capital plan assessed the comprehensiveness of the capital plan, the reasonableness of the assumptions and the analysis underlying the capital plan. Additionally, the FRB reviewed the robustness of the capital adequacy process, the capital policy and the Bancorp’s ability to maintain capital above the minimum regulatory capital ratios and above a Tier I common ratio of five percent on a pro forma basis under expected and stressful conditions throughout the planning horizon. The FRB assessed the Bancorp’s strategies for addressing proposed revisions to the regulatory capital framework agreed upon by the BCBS and requirements arising from the Dodd-Frank Act.
On March 26, 2014, the FRB announced it had completed the 2014 CCAR. For BHCs that proposed capital distributions in their plans, the FRB either objected to the plan or provided a non-objection whereby the FRB permitted the proposed 2014 capital distributions. The FRB indicated to the Bancorp that it did not object to the following proposed capital actions for the period beginning April 1, 2014 and ending March 31, 2015:
The issuance of $300 million in preferred stock.
As contemplated by the 2014 CCAR, during the second quarter of 2014, the Bancorp increased the quarterly common stock dividend from $0.12 to $0.13 per share, entered into a $150 million accelerated share repurchase transaction, and issued 300,000 depositary shares of non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock for net proceeds of $297 million. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2014, the Bancorp entered into a $225 million accelerated share repurchase transaction. For further information on a subsequent event related to capital actions refer to Note 24.
Additionally, as a CCAR institution, the Bancorp is required to disclose the results of its company-run stress test under the supervisory severely adverse scenario, and to provide information related to the types of risk included in its stress testing; a general description of the methodologies used; estimates of certain financial results and pro forma capital ratios; and an explanation of the most significant causes of changes in regulatory capital ratios. On March 26, 2014 the Bancorp publicly disclosed the results of its company-run stress test as required by the Dodd-Frank Act stress testing rules, in a Form 8-K.
The BHCs that participated in the 2014 CCAR, including the Bancorp, are required to conduct mid-cycle company-run stress tests using data as of March 31, 2014. The stress tests must be based on three BHC defined scenarios – baseline, adverse and severely adverse. As required, the Bancorp reported the mid-cycle stress test results to the FRB on July 7, 2014. In addition, the Bancorp published a Form 8-K providing a summary of the results under the severely adverse scenario on September 18, 2014, which is available on Fifth Third’s website at https://www.53.com. These results represented estimates of the Bancorp’s results from the second quarter of 2014 through the second quarter of 2016 under the severely adverse scenario, which is considered highly unlikely to occur.
As contemplated by the 2014 CCAR, on June 5, 2014, the Bancorp issued in a registered public offering 300,000 depositary shares, representing 12,000 shares of 4.90% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative Series J perpetual preferred stock, for net proceeds of $297 million. Each preferred share has a $25,000 liquidation preference. The preferred stock accrues dividends, on a non-cumulative semi-annual basis, at an annual rate of 4.90% through but excluding September 30, 2019, at which time it converts to a quarterly floating rate dividend of three-month LIBOR plus 3.129%. Subject to any required regulatory approval, the Bancorp may redeem the Series J preferred shares at its option in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 30, 2019, or at any time following a regulatory capital event. The Series J preferred shares are not convertible into Bancorp common shares or any other securities.
Dividend Policy and Stock Repurchase Program
The Bancorp’s common stock dividend policy and stock repurchase program reflect its earnings outlook, desired payout ratios, the need to maintain adequate capital levels, the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends, the need to comply with safe and sound banking practices as well as meet regulatory requirements and expectations. The Bancorp declared dividends per common share of $0.13 and $0.12 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $0.38 and $0.35 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Bancorp entered into accelerated share repurchase transactions during 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Refer to Note 15 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the accelerated share repurchase transactions.
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TABLE 58: Share Repurchases
Period
July 1, 2014 - July 31, 2014
August 1, 2014 - August 31, 2014
September 1, 2014 - September 30, 2014
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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the ordinary course of business, the Bancorp enters into financial transactions that are considered off-balance sheet arrangements as they involve varying elements of market, credit and liquidity risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Bancorp’s off-balance sheet arrangements include commitments, contingent liabilities, guarantees, and transactions with non-consolidated VIEs. A brief discussion of these transactions is as follows:
Commitments
The Bancorp has certain commitments to make future payments under contracts, including commitments to extend credit, letters of credit, forward contracts related to held for sale mortgage loans, noncancelable lease obligations, capital commitments for private equity investments and purchase obligations. Refer to Note 16 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on commitments.
Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities
The Bancorp has performance obligations upon the occurrence of certain events provided in certain contractual arrangements, including residential mortgage loans sold with representation and warranty provisions or credit recourse. Refer to Note 16 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on guarantees and contingent liabilities.
Transactions with Non-consolidated VIEs
The Bancorp engages in a variety of activities that involve VIEs, which are legal entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities, or the equity investors of the entities as a group lack any of the characteristics of a controlling interest. The investments in those entities in which the Bancorp was determined not to be the primary beneficiary but holds a variable interest in the entity are accounted for under the equity method of accounting or other accounting standards as appropriate and not consolidated. Refer to Note 10 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on non-consolidated VIEs.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk (Item 3)
Information presented in the Market Risk Management section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is incorporated herein by reference.
The Bancorp conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Bancorp’s management, including the Bancorp’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act). Based on the foregoing, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Bancorp’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in all material respects, to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Bancorp files and submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and information is accumulated and communicated to the Bancorp’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Bancorp’s management also conducted an evaluation of internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on this evaluation, there has been no such change during the period covered by this report.
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Fifth Third Bancorp and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)
($ in millions, except share data)
Cash and due from banks(a)
Available-for-sale and other securities(b)
Held-to-maturity securities(c)
Trading securities
Loans held for sale(d)
Commercial mortgage loans(a)
Residential mortgage loans(e)
Automobile loans(a)
Portfolio loans and leases
Allowance for loan and lease losses(a)
Portfolio loans and leases, net
Bank premises and equipment
Operating lease equipment
Servicing rights
Other assets(a)
Total Assets
Liabilities
Deposits:
Foreign office and other
Accrued taxes, interest and expenses
Other liabilities(a)
Long-term debt(a)
Total Liabilities
Equity
Common stock(f)
Preferred stock(g)
Capital surplus
Retained earnings
Treasury stock(f)
Total Bancorp shareholders’ equity
Noncontrolling interests
Total Equity
Total Liabilities and Equity
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes (continued)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)
($ in millions, except per share data)
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans and leases
Interest on securities
Interest on other short-term investments
Total interest income
Interest Expense
Interest on deposits
Interest on other short-term borrowings
Interest on long-term debt
Total interest expense
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan and Lease Losses
Income Before Income Taxes
Net Income
Net Income Attributable to Bancorp
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Diluted Share
Average common shares outstanding - basic
Average common shares outstanding - diluted
Cash dividends declared per common share
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities arising during period
Reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses included in net income
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedge derivatives:
Unrealized holding (losses) gains on cash flow hedge derivatives arising during period
Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income
Defined benefit pension plans:
Reclassification of amounts to net periodic benefit costs
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Comprehensive income
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Comprehensive income attributable to Bancorp
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (unaudited)
Balance at December 31, 2012
Other comprehensive loss
Cash dividends declared:
Common stock at $0.35 per share
Preferred stock
Shares acquired for treasury
Issuance of preferred stock
Redemption of preferred stock
Impact of stock transactions under stock compensation plans, net
Balance at September 30, 2013
Balance at December 31, 2013
Other comprehensive income
Common stock at $0.38 per share
Balance at September 30, 2014
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
Operating Activities
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
Stock-based compensation expense
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes
Securities gains, net – non-qualifying hedges on mortgage servicing rights
Provision for (recovery of) MSR impairment
Net gains (losses) on sales of loans and fair value adjustments on loans held for sale
Net losses on disposition and impairment of bank premises and equipment
Capitalized servicing rights
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
Loans originated for sale, net of repayments
Dividends representing return on equity method investments
Gain on sales of Vantiv, Inc. shares
Net change in:
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Investing Activities
Sales:
Available-for-sale securities
Loans
Disposal of bank premises and equipment
Repayments / maturities:
Held-to-maturity securities
Purchases:
Proceeds from sales and dividends representing return of equity method investments
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Financing Activities
Certificates - $100,000 and over, including other foreign office
Dividends paid on common shares
Dividends paid on preferred shares
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
Repayment of long-term debt
Repurchase of treasury shares and related forward contract
Issuance of preferred shares
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
(Decrease) Increase in Cash and Due from Banks
Cash and Due from Banks at Beginning of Period
Cash and Due from Banks at End of Period
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 contains cash payments related to interest and income taxes in addition to noncash investing and financing activities.
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1. Basis of Presentation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Bancorp and its majority-owned subsidiaries and VIEs in which the Bancorp has been determined to be the primary beneficiary. Other entities, including certain joint ventures, in which the Bancorp has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee, but upon which the Bancorp does not possess control, are accounted for by the equity method and not consolidated. Those entities in which the Bancorp does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are generally carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
In the opinion of management, the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring accruals, necessary to present fairly the results for the periods presented. In accordance with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial information, these statements do not include certain information and footnote disclosures required for complete annual financial statements and it is suggested that these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements be read in conjunction with the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 and the cash flows and changes in equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Financial information as of December 31, 2013 has been derived from the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash payments related to interest and income taxes in addition to noncash investing and financing activities are presented in the following table for the nine months ended September 30:
Cash payments:
Interest
Income taxes
Transfers:
Portfolio loans to loans held for sale
Loans held for sale to portfolio loans
Portfolio loans to OREO
Loans held for sale to OREO
3. Accounting and Reporting Developments
Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation is Fixed at the Reporting Date
In February 2013, the FASB issued amended guidance relating to the measurement of obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount under the arrangement is fixed at the reporting date. For the total amount of an obligation under an arrangement to be considered fixed at the reporting date, there can be no measurement uncertainty relating to the total amount of the obligation. The obligation resulting from joint and several liability arrangements is measured initially as the sum of 1) the amount the Bancorp has agreed to pay on the basis of its arrangement among its co-obligors and 2) any additional amount the Bancorp expects to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. The amended guidance also requires the Bancorp to disclose the nature and amount of the obligation as well as information about the risks that such obligations pose to future cash flows. The amended guidance was effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013 and is applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented for those obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements that exist at the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Bancorp adopted the amended guidance on January 1, 2014 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists
In July 2013, the FASB issued amended guidance to clarify that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The assessment of whether a deferred tax asset is available is based on the unrecognized tax benefit and deferred tax asset that exist at the reporting date and should be made presuming disallowance of the tax position at the reporting date. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The Bancorp adopted the amended guidance on January 1, 2014 and the adoption of the amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects
In January 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance that permits the Bancorp to make an accounting policy election to account for its investments in qualified affordable housing projects using a proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, the Bancorp would amortize the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognize the net investment performance in the income statement as a component of income tax expense. The amended guidance requires disclosure of the nature of the Bancorp’s investments in qualified affordable housing projects, and the effect of the measurement of the investments in qualified affordable housing projects and the related tax credits on the Bancorp’s financial position and results of operation. The amended guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The Bancorp is currently in the process of evaluating whether it will make a policy election to account for its investments in qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method if applicable.
Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure
In January 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance that clarifies when a creditor should be considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan such that the loan receivable should be derecognized and the real estate property recognized. The amended guidance clarifies that an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, upon either (1) the creditor obtaining legal title to the residential real estate property upon completion of a foreclosure or (2) the borrower conveying all interest in the residential real estate property to the creditor to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. In addition, the amended guidance requires interim and annual disclosures of both (1) the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the creditor and (2) the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. The amended guidance may be applied prospectively or through a modified retrospective approach and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity
In April 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance that changes the criteria for reporting discontinued operations. The amended guidance requires a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when any of the following occurs: 1) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale; 2) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of by sale; or 3) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of other than by sale (for example, by abandonment or in a distribution to owners in a spinoff). The amended guidance requires an entity to present, for each comparative period, the assets and liabilities of a disposal group that includes a discontinued operation separately in the asset and liability sections, respectively, of the statement of financial position, as well as additional disclosures about discontinued operations. The amended guidance is to be applied prospectively for 1) all disposals (or classifications as held for sale) of components of an entity that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within those years; and 2) all businesses or nonprofit activities that, on acquisition, are classified as held for sale that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued. The adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance on revenue recognition from contracts with customers. The standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most contract revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the amended guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amended guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within the reporting period, and should be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the amendments recognized at the date of initial application. Early adoption is prohibited. The Bancorp is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures
In June 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance that changes the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions to secured borrowing accounting. The amended guidance also requires separate accounting for a transfer of a financial asset executed contemporaneously with a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty, which will result in secured borrowing accounting for the repurchase agreement. The amended guidance requires disclosures for certain transactions comprising: 1) a transfer of a financial asset accounted for as a sale and 2) an agreement with the same transferee entered into in contemplation of the initial transfer that results in the transferor retaining substantially all of the exposure to the economic return on the transferred financial asset throughout the term of the transaction. The amended guidance also requires new disclosures for repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions, and repurchase-to-maturity transactions accounted for as secured borrowings. The amended guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption prohibited. Changes in accounting for transactions outstanding on the effective date should be presented as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The disclosures for certain transactions accounted for as a sale are required to be presented for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014, and the disclosures for repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions, and repurchase-to-maturity transactions accounted for as secured borrowings are required to be presented for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014, and interim periods beginning after March 15, 2015. The adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period
In June 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance which clarifies that a performance target that affects vesting and can be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. The amended guidance provides that an entity should apply existing guidance as it relates to awards with performance conditions that affect vesting to account for such awards. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award. Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered. If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period. The total amount of compensation cost recognized during and after the requisite service period should reflect the number of awards that are expected to vest and should be adjusted to reflect those awards that ultimately vest. The requisite service period ends when the employee can cease rendering service and still be eligible to vest in the award if the performance target is achieved. The amended guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The amended guidance may be adopted either prospectively to all awards granted or modified after the effective date or retrospectively to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter. If retrospective transition is adopted, the cumulative effect of applying the amended guidance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements should be recognized as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance at that date. Additionally, if retrospective transition is adopted, hindsight may be used in measuring and recognizing the compensation cost. The adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Measuring the Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity
In August 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance that provides an alternative to ASC Topic 820: Fair Value Measurement for measuring the financial assets and financial liabilities of a CFE, such as a collateralized debt obligation or a collateralized loan obligation entity consolidated as a VIE when a) all of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of that CFE are measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements and b) the changes in the fair values of those financial assets and financial liabilities are reflected in earnings. If elected, the measurement alternative would allow the Bancorp to measure both the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CFE by using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities and to eliminate any measurement difference. When the measurement alternative is not elected for a consolidated CFE within the scope of this amended guidance, the amendments clarify that 1) the fair value of the financial assets and the fair value of the financial liabilities of the consolidated CFE should be measured using the requirements of Topic 820 and 2) any difference in the fair value of the financial assets and the fair value of the financial liabilities of that consolidated CFE should be reflected in earnings and attributed to the Bancorp in the consolidated statement of income. The amended guidance may be applied retrospectively or through a modified retrospective approach and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Classification of Certain Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure
In August 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance clarifying the classification of certain foreclosed mortgage loans that are either full or partially guaranteed under government programs. The amended guidance requires that a mortgage loan be derecognized and that a separate other receivable be recognized upon foreclosure if the following conditions are met: 1) the loan has a government guarantee that is not separable from the loan before foreclosure; 2) at the time of foreclosure, the creditor has the intent to convey the real estate property to the guarantor and make a claim on the guarantee, and the creditor has the ability to recover under that claim; and 3) at the time of foreclosure, any amount of the claim that is determined on the basis of the fair value of the real estate is fixed. Upon foreclosure, the separate other receivable would be measured based on the amount of the loan balance (principal and interest) expected to be recovered from the guarantor. The amended guidance may be applied prospectively or through a modified retrospective approach and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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4. Securities
The following tables provide the amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gains and losses for the major categories of the available-for-sale and other and held-to-maturity securities portfolios as of:
September 30, 2014 ($ in millions)
Available-for-sale and other:
Held-to-maturity:
December 31, 2013 ($ in millions)
The following table presents realized gains and losses that were recognized in income from available-for-sale securities:
Realized gains
Realized losses
OTTI
Net realized gains (losses)(a)
Trading securities totaled $389 million as of September 30, 2014, compared to $343 million at December 31, 2013. Gross realized gains were $3 million and immaterial for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and were $4 million and $1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Gross realized losses on trading securities were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. Net unrealized losses on trading securities were $4 million and $2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Net unrealized gains on trading securities were $2 million and $3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively.
At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, securities with a fair value of $12.6 billion and $11.6 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings, public deposits, trust funds, derivative contracts and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.
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The expected maturity distribution of the Bancorp’s mortgage-backed securities and the contractual maturity distribution of the remainder of the Bancorp’s available-for-sale and other and held-to-maturity securities as of September 30, 2014 are shown in the following table:
Debt securities:(a)
Under 1 year
1-5 years
5-10 years
Over 10 years
The following table provides the fair value and gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale and other securities in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of:
December 31, 2013
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
The Bancorp recognized $7 million and $24 million in OTTI, included in securities gains, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, on its available-for-sale and other debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Bancorp recognized $45 million and $57 million of OTTI on its available-for-sale and other debt securities, respectively. The Bancorp did not recognize OTTI on any of its available-for-sale equity securities or held-to-maturity debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. Approximately one percent of unrealized losses in the available-for-sale securities portfolio were represented by non-rated securities at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
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5. Loans and Leases
The Bancorp diversifies its loan and lease portfolio by offering a variety of loan and lease products with various payment terms and rate structures. Lending activities are concentrated within those states in which the Bancorp has banking centers and are primarily located in the Midwestern and Southeastern regions of the United States. The Bancorp’s commercial loan portfolio consists of loans and leases to various industry types. Management periodically reviews the performance of its loan and lease products to evaluate whether they are performing within acceptable interest rate and credit risk levels and changes are made to underwriting policies and procedures as needed. The Bancorp maintains an allowance to absorb loan and lease losses inherent in the portfolio. For further information on credit quality and the ALLL, see Note 6.
The following table provides a summary of the total loans and leases classified by primary purpose as of:
Loans and leases held for sale:
Total loans and leases held for sale
Total commercial loans and leases
Total portfolio loans and leases are recorded net of unearned income, which totaled $654 million as of September 30, 2014 and $700 million as of December 31, 2013. Additionally, portfolio loans and leases are recorded net of unamortized premiums and discounts, deferred loan fees and costs, and fair value adjustments (associated with acquired loans or loans designated at fair value upon origination) which totaled a net premium of $149 million and $111 million as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
The Bancorp’s FHLB and FRB advances are generally secured by loans. The Bancorp had loans of $11.0 billion and $10.9 billion at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, pledged at the FHLB, and loans of $33.6 billion and $33.5 billion at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, pledged at the FRB.
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The following table presents a summary of the total loans and leases owned by the Bancorp as of:
Less: Loans held for sale
The following table presents a summary of net charge-offs (recoveries):
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6. Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The Bancorp disaggregates ALLL balances and transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment. Credit quality related disclosures for loans and leases are further disaggregated by class.
The following tables summarize transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment:
For the three months ended September 30, 2014
Transactions in the ALLL:
Provision for (benefit from) loan and lease losses
For the three months ended September 30, 2013
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013
The following tables provide a summary of the ALLL and related loans and leases classified by portfolio segment:
ALLL:(a)
Individually evaluated for impairment
Collectively evaluated for impairment
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
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CREDIT RISK PROFILE
Commercial Portfolio Segment
For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage owner-occupied, commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied, commercial construction and commercial leasing.
To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial portfolio segment, and for purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the ALLL for the commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp utilizes the following categories of credit grades: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The five categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers that do not have identified potential or well defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter.
The Bancorp assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or the Bancorp’s credit position.
The Bancorp assigns a substandard rating to loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans and leases have well defined weaknesses or weaknesses that could jeopardize the orderly repayment of the debt. Loans and leases in this grade also are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bancorp will sustain some loss if the deficiencies noted are not addressed and corrected.
The Bancorp assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans.
Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are charged-off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible. Because loans and leases in this category are fully charged-off, they are not included in the following tables.
The following tables summarize the credit risk profile of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio segment, by class:
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Consumer Portfolio Segment
For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its consumer portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: home equity, automobile loans, credit card, and other consumer loans and leases. The Bancorp’s residential mortgage portfolio segment is also a separate class.
The Bancorp considers repayment performance as the best indicator of credit quality for residential mortgage and consumer loans, which includes both the delinquency status and performing versus nonperforming status of the loans. The delinquency status of all residential mortgage and consumer loans is presented by class in the age analysis section below while the performing versus nonperforming status is presented in the table below. Refer to the nonaccrual section of Note 1 in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 for additional delinquency and nonperforming information.
The following table presents a summary of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments disaggregated into performing versus nonperforming status as of:
Residential mortgage loans(a)
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s recorded investment in portfolio loans and leases by age and class:
As of September 30, 2014
Residential mortgage loans(a) (b)
Total portfolio loans and leases(a)
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As of December 31, 2013
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Impaired Loans and Leases
Larger commercial loans and leases included within aggregate borrower relationship balances exceeding $1 million that exhibit probable or observed credit weaknesses are subject to individual review for impairment. The Bancorp also performs an individual review on loans and leases that are restructured in a troubled debt restructuring. The Bancorp considers the current value of collateral, credit quality of any guarantees, the loan structure, and other factors when evaluating whether an individual loan or lease is impaired. Other factors may include the geography and industry of the borrower, size and financial condition of the borrower, cash flow and leverage of the borrower, and the Bancorp’s evaluation of the borrower’s management. Smaller-balance homogenous loans or leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment are not included in the following tables.
The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s impaired loans and leases (by class) that were subject to individual review, which includes all loans and leases restructured in a troubled debt restructuring:
With a related allowance recorded:
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans(b)
Restructured residential mortgage loans
Restructured consumer:
Total impaired loans and leases with a related allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Total impaired loans and leases with no related allowance
Total impaired loans and leases
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The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s average impaired loans and leases and interest income by class:
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans(a)
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Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of the principal and/or interest is uncertain; restructured commercial and credit card loans which have not yet met the requirements to be classified as a performing asset; restructured consumer loans which are 90 days past due based on the restructured terms unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection; and certain other assets, including OREO and other repossessed property. The following table summarizes the Bancorp’s nonperforming loans and leases, by class, as of:
Total nonperforming loans and leases(b) (c)
OREO and other repossessed property(d)
If a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the Bancorp may consider, in certain circumstances, modifying the terms of their loan to maximize collection of amounts due. Within each of the Bancorp’s loan classes, TDRs typically involve either a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the loan’s maturity date(s) with a stated rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or in limited circumstances, a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest. Modifying the terms of a loan may result in an increase or decrease to the ALLL depending upon the terms modified, the method used to measure the ALLL for a loan prior to modification, and whether any charge-offs were recorded on the loan before or at the time of modification. Refer to the ALLL section of Note 1 in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 for information on the Bancorp’s ALLL methodology. Upon modification of a loan, the Bancorp measures the related impairment as the difference between the estimated future cash flows expected to be collected on the modified loan, discounted at the original effective yield of the loan, and the carrying value of the loan. The resulting measurement may result in the need for minimal or no valuation allowance because it is probable that all cash flows will be collected under the modified terms of the loan. In addition, if the stated interest rate was increased in a TDR, the cash flows on the modified loan, using the pre-modification interest rate as the discount rate, often exceed the recorded investment of the loan. Conversely, upon a modification that reduces the stated interest rate on a loan the Bancorp often recognizes an impairment loss as an increase to the ALLL.
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If a TDR involves a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest, that amount is charged off to the ALLL. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Bancorp had $69 million and $86 million in line of credit and letter of credit commitments, respectively, to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms have been modified in a TDR.
The following tables provide a summary of loans modified in a TDR by the Bancorp during the three months ended:
September 30, 2014 ($ in millions)(a)
September 30, 2013 ($ in millions)(a)
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The following tables provide a summary of loans modified in a TDR by the Bancorp during the nine months ended:
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans(c)
The Bancorp considers TDRs that become 90 days or more past due under the modified terms as subsequently defaulted. For commercial loans not subject to individual review for impairment, loss rates that are applied for purposes of determining the allowance include historical losses associated with subsequent defaults on loans previously modified in a TDR. For consumer loans, the Bancorp performs a qualitative assessment of the adequacy of the consumer ALLL by comparing the consumer ALLL to forecasted consumer losses over the projected loss emergence period (the forecasted losses include the impact of subsequent defaults of consumer TDRs). When a residential mortgage, home equity, auto or other consumer loan that has been modified in a TDR subsequently defaults, the present value of expected cash flows used in the measurement of the potential impairment loss is generally limited to the expected net proceeds from the sale of the loan’s underlying collateral and any resulting impairment loss is reflected as a charge-off or an increase in ALLL. The Bancorp fully reserves for credit card loans modified in a TDR that subsequently default.
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The following tables provide a summary of subsequent defaults of TDRs that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 and within 12 months of the restructuring date:
The following tables provide a summary of subsequent defaults that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 and within 12 months of the restructuring date:
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7. Bank Premises and Equipment
The following table provides a summary of bank premises and equipment as of:
Land and improvements
Buildings
Equipment
Leasehold improvements
Construction in progress
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
At September 30, 2014, land and improvements included $166 million associated with parcels of undeveloped land intended for future branch expansion. The Bancorp monitors changing customer preferences associated with the channels it uses for banking transactions to evaluate the efficiency, competitiveness and quality of the customer service experience of its retail transaction network. As part of this ongoing assessment the Bancorp may determine that it is no longer fully committed to maintaining full-service branches at certain of its existing banking center locations. Similarly, the Bancorp may also determine that it is no longer fully committed to building banking centers on certain parcels of land which had previously been held for future branch expansion. In these circumstances, the Bancorp performs an assessment of the recoverability of these long-lived assets. Impairment losses associated with such assessments were immaterial and $17 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, and immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. The Bancorp’s assessment of the recoverability of these asset groups requires the exercise of judgment in projecting the extent and nature of their future use and the related cash flows which may be impacted by unanticipated events or circumstances.
8. Goodwill
Business combinations entered into by the Bancorp typically include the acquisition of goodwill. Acquisition activity includes acquisitions in the respective period in addition to purchase accounting adjustments related to previous acquisitions. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Bancorp determined that the Commercial Banking and Consumer Lending reporting units’ goodwill carrying amounts exceeded their associated implied fair values by $750 million and $215 million, respectively. The resulting $965 million goodwill impairment charge was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2008 and represents the total amount of accumulated impairment losses as of September 30, 2014.
Changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill, by reporting unit, for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
Net carrying value as of December 31, 2013
Acquisition activity
Net carrying value as of September 30, 2014
Net carrying value as of December 31, 2012
Net carrying value as of September 30, 2013
The Bancorp completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2014 by performing a qualitative assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level to determine whether any indicators of impairment existed. In performing this qualitative assessment, the Bancorp evaluated events and circumstances since the last impairment analysis, macroeconomic conditions, banking industry and market conditions, and key financial metrics of the Bancorp as well as reporting unit and overall Bancorp financial performance. After assessing the totality of the events and circumstances, the Bancorp determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of each of its reporting units was less than their carrying amounts and, therefore, the first and second steps of the quantitative goodwill impairment test were deemed unnecessary.
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9. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of core deposit intangibles, customer lists, non-compete agreements and cardholder relationships. Intangible assets are amortized on either a straight-line or an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets have an estimated remaining weighted-average life at September 30, 2014 of 4.4 years.
The details of the Bancorp’s intangible assets are shown in the following table:
Core deposit intangibles
Total intangible assets
As of September 30, 2014, all of the Bancorp’s intangible assets were being amortized. Amortization expense recognized on intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was $1 million and $2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, amortization expense was $3 million and $6 million, respectively.
The Bancorp’s projections of amortization expense shown below are based on existing asset balances as of September 30, 2014. Future amortization expense may vary from these projections. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2014 through 2018 is as follows:
Remainder of 2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
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10. Variable Interest Entities
The Bancorp, in the normal course of business, engages in a variety of activities that involve VIEs, which are legal entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities, or the equity investors of the entities as a group lack any of the characteristics of a controlling interest. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is generally the enterprise that has both the power to direct the activities most significant to the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For certain investment funds, the primary beneficiary is the enterprise that will absorb a majority of the fund’s expected losses or receive a majority of the fund’s expected residual returns. The Bancorp evaluates its interests in certain entities to determine if these entities meet the definition of a VIE and whether the Bancorp is the primary beneficiary and should consolidate the entity based on the variable interests it held both at inception and when there is a change in circumstances that requires a reconsideration. If the Bancorp is determined to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE, it must account for the VIE as a consolidated subsidiary. If the Bancorp is determined not to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE but holds a variable interest in the entity, such variable interests are accounted for under the equity method of accounting or other accounting standards as appropriate.
Consolidated VIEs
The following tables provide a summary of the classifications of consolidated VIE assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of:
Assets:
ALLL
Liabilities:
In securitizations that occurred in August of 2013, February of 2014 and June of 2014, the Bancorp transferred an aggregate amount of $4.0 billion in fixed-rate consumer automobile loans to bankruptcy remote trusts which were deemed to be VIEs. The primary purposes of the VIEs were to issue asset-backed securities with varying levels of credit subordination and payment priority, as well as residual interests, and to provide the Bancorp with access to liquidity for its originated loans. The Bancorp retained residual interests in the VIEs and, therefore, has an obligation to absorb losses and a right to receive benefits from the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. In addition, the Bancorp retained servicing rights for the underlying loans and, therefore, holds the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs. As a result, the Bancorp concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and, therefore, has consolidated these VIEs. The assets of the VIEs are restricted to the settlement of the notes and other obligations of the VIEs. Third-party holders of the notes do not have recourse to the general assets of the Bancorp.
The economic performance of the VIEs is most significantly impacted by the performance of the underlying loans. The principal risks to which the VIEs are exposed include credit risk and prepayment risk. The credit and prepayment risks are managed through credit enhancements in the form of reserve accounts, overcollateralization, excess interest on the loans and the subordination of certain classes of asset-backed securities to other classes.
For further information on a subsequent event related to automobile loan securitizations refer to Note 24.
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CDC Investments
CDC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Bancorp, was created to invest in projects to create affordable housing, revitalize business and residential areas, and preserve historic landmarks. CDC generally co-invests with other unrelated companies and/or individuals and typically makes investments in a separate legal entity that owns the property under development. The entities are usually formed as limited partnerships and LLCs, and CDC typically invests as a limited partner/investor member in the form of equity contributions. The economic performance of the VIEs is driven by the performance of their underlying investment projects as well as the VIEs’ ability to operate in compliance with the rules and regulations necessary for the qualification of tax credits generated by equity investments. Typically, the general partner or managing member will be the party that has the right to make decisions that will most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity. The Bancorp’s subsidiaries serve as the managing member of certain LLCs invested in business revitalization projects. The Bancorp has provided an indemnification guarantee to the investor member of these LLCs related to the qualification of tax credits generated by the investor members’ investment. Accordingly, the Bancorp concluded that it is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, has consolidated these VIEs. As a result, the investor members’ interests in these VIEs are presented as noncontrolling interests in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. This presentation includes reporting separately the equity attributable to the noncontrolling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and reporting separately the comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The Bancorp’s maximum exposure related to these indemnifications at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $23 million and $21 million, respectively, which is based on an amount required to meet the investor member’s defined target rate of return.
Non-consolidated VIEs
The following tables provide a summary of assets and liabilities carried on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to non-consolidated VIEs for which the Bancorp holds an interest, but is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE, as well as the Bancorp’s maximum exposure to losses associated with its interests in the entities as of:
CDC investments
Private equity investments
Loans provided to VIEs
Automobile loan securitization
Restructured loans
As noted previously, CDC typically invests in VIEs as a limited partner or investor member in the form of equity contributions. The Bancorp has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs because it lacks the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the underlying project or the VIEs’ ability to operate in compliance with the rules and regulations necessary for the qualification of tax credits generated by equity investments. This power is held by the general partners/managing members who exercise full and exclusive control of the operations of the VIEs. Accordingly, the Bancorp accounts for these investments under the equity method of accounting.
The Bancorp’s funding requirements are limited to its invested capital and any additional unfunded commitments for future equity contributions. The Bancorp’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with the VIEs is limited to the carrying amounts of the investments, including the unfunded commitments. The carrying amounts of these investments, which are included in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the liabilities related to the unfunded commitments, which are included in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are included in the previous tables for all periods presented. The Bancorp has no other liquidity arrangements or obligations to purchase assets of the VIEs that would expose the Bancorp to a loss. In certain arrangements, the general partner/managing member of the VIE has guaranteed a level of projected tax credits to be received by the limited partners/investor members, thereby minimizing a portion of the Bancorp’s risk.
Private Equity Investments
The Bancorp invests as a limited partner in private equity funds which provide the Bancorp an opportunity to obtain higher rates of return on invested capital, while also creating cross-selling opportunities for the Bancorp’s commercial products. Each of the limited partnerships has an unrelated third-party general partner responsible for appointing the fund manager. The Bancorp has not been appointed fund manager for any of these private equity funds. The funds finance primarily all of their activities from the partners’ capital contributions and investment returns. Under the VIE consolidation guidance still applicable to the funds, the Bancorp has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the funds because it does not absorb a majority of the funds’ expected losses or receive a majority of the funds’ expected residual returns. Therefore, the Bancorp accounts for its investments in these limited partnerships under the equity method of accounting.
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The Bancorp is exposed to losses arising from the negative performance of the underlying investments in the private equity funds. As a limited partner, the Bancorp’s maximum exposure to loss is limited to the carrying amounts of the investments plus unfunded commitments. The carrying amounts of these investments, which are included in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are included in the previous tables. Also, as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the unfunded commitment amounts to the funds were $85 million and $90 million, respectively. The Bancorp made capital contributions of $8 million and $11 million, respectively, to private equity funds during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. The Bancorp made capital contributions of $20 million and $25 million, respectively, to private equity funds during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
Loans Provided to VIEs
The Bancorp has provided funding to certain unconsolidated VIEs sponsored by third parties. These VIEs are generally established to finance certain consumer and small business loans originated by third parties. The entities are primarily funded through the issuance of a loan from the Bancorp or a syndication through which the Bancorp is involved. The sponsor/administrator of the entities is responsible for servicing the underlying assets in the VIEs. Because the sponsor/administrator, not the Bancorp, holds the servicing responsibilities, which include the establishment and employment of default mitigation policies and procedures, the Bancorp does not hold the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and, therefore, is not the primary beneficiary.
The principal risk to which these entities are exposed is credit risk related to the underlying assets. The Bancorp’s maximum exposure to loss is equal to the carrying amounts of the loans and unfunded commitments to the VIEs. The Bancorp’s outstanding loans to these VIEs, included in commercial loans in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are included in the previous tables for all periods presented. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Bancorp’s unfunded commitments to these entities were $1.1 billion and $962 million, respectively. The loans and unfunded commitments to these VIEs are included in the Bancorp’s overall analysis of the ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments, respectively. The Bancorp does not provide any implicit or explicit liquidity guarantees or principal value guarantees to these VIEs.
Automobile Loan Securitization
In March of 2013, the Bancorp recognized an immaterial loss on the securitization and sale of certain automobile loans with a carrying amount of approximately $509 million. The securitization and the resulting sale of all underlying securities qualified for sale accounting. The Bancorp has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the trust because it has neither the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE nor the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Bancorp is not required and does not currently intend to provide any additional financial support to the trust. Investors and creditors only have recourse to the assets held by the trust. The interest the Bancorp holds in the VIE relates to servicing rights which are included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The maximum exposure to loss is equal to the carrying value of the servicing asset.
Restructured Loans
As part of loan restructuring efforts, the Bancorp received equity capital from certain borrowers to facilitate the restructuring of the borrower’s loans. These borrowers met the definition of a VIE because the Bancorp was involved in their refinancing and because their equity capital at risk was insufficient to fund ongoing operations. The Bancorp accounted for its equity capital investments in these VIEs under the equity method or cost method based on its percentage of ownership and ability to exercise significant influence.
The Bancorp’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with these VIEs was limited to the equity capital investments, the principal and accrued interest on the outstanding loans, and any unfunded commitments. The Bancorp had outstanding loans to these VIEs, included in commercial loans in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Bancorp had no unfunded loan commitments to these VIEs as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The loans to these VIEs are included in the Bancorp’s overall analysis of the ALLL. The Bancorp does not provide any implicit or explicit liquidity guarantees or principal value guarantees to these VIEs.
11. Sales of Receivables and Servicing Rights
In March of 2013, the Bancorp recognized an immaterial loss on the securitization and sale of certain automobile loans with a carrying amount of approximately $509 million. The Bancorp utilized a securitization trust to facilitate the securitization process. The trust issued asset-backed securities in the form of notes and equity certificates, with varying levels of credit subordination and payment priority. The Bancorp does not hold any of the notes or equity certificates issued by the trust, and the investors in these securities have no credit recourse to the Bancorp’s assets for failure of debtors to pay when due. As part of the sale, the Bancorp obtained servicing responsibilities and recognized servicing rights with an initial fair value of $6 million.
Residential Mortgage Loan Sales
The Bancorp sold fixed and adjustable rate residential mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. In those sales, the Bancorp obtained servicing responsibilities and the investors have no recourse to the Bancorp’s other assets for failure of debtors to pay when due. The Bancorp receives annual servicing fees based on a percentage of the outstanding balance. The Bancorp identifies classes of servicing assets based on financial asset type and interest rates.
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Information related to residential mortgage loan sales and the Bancorp’s mortgage banking activity, which is included in mortgage banking net revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, is as follows:
Residential mortgage loan sales
Servicing Rights
The following table presents changes in the servicing rights related to residential mortgage and automobile loans for the nine months ended September 30:
Carrying amount before valuation allowance as of the beginning of the period
Servicing rights that result from the transfer of residential mortgage loans
Servicing rights that result from the transfer of automobile loans
Amortization
Carrying amount before valuation allowance
Valuation allowance for servicing rights:
Beginning balance
(Provision for) recovery of MSR impairment
Ending balance
Carrying amount as of the end of the period
Amortization expense recognized on servicing rights for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was $34 million and $40 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, amortization expense was $89 million and $145 million, respectively. The Bancorp’s projections of amortization expense shown below are based on existing asset balances as of September 30, 2014. Future amortization expense may vary from these projections. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2014 through 2018 is as follows:
Temporary impairment or impairment recovery, affected through a change in the MSR valuation allowance, is captured as a component of mortgage banking net revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The Bancorp maintains a non-qualifying hedging strategy to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in the value of the MSR portfolio. This strategy includes the purchase of free-standing derivatives and various available-for-sale securities. The interest income, mark-to-market adjustments and gain or loss from sale activities associated with these portfolios are expected to economically hedge a portion of the change in value of the MSR portfolio caused by fluctuating discount rates, earnings rates and prepayment speeds. The fair value of the servicing asset is based on the present value of expected future cash flows.
The following table displays the beginning and ending fair value of the servicing rights for the nine months ended September 30:
Fixed-rate residential mortgage loans:
Adjustable rate residential mortgage loans:
Fixed-rate automobile loans:
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The following table presents activity related to valuations of the MSR portfolio and the impact of the non-qualifying hedging strategy, which is included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income:
Securities gains, net—non-qualifying hedges on MSRs
Changes in fair value and settlement of free-standing derivatives purchased to economically hedge the MSR portfolio (Mortgage banking net revenue)
Recovery of (Provision for) MSR impairment (Mortgage banking net revenue)
As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the key economic assumptions used in measuring the interests in residential mortgage loans that continued to be held by the Bancorp at the date of sale or securitization resulting from transactions completed during the three months ended were as follows:
Residential mortgage loans:
Based on historical credit experience, expected credit losses for residential mortgage loan servicing rights have been deemed immaterial, as the Bancorp sold the majority of the underlying loans without recourse. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Bancorp serviced $66.8 billion and $69.2 billion, respectively, of residential mortgage loans for other investors. The value of MSRs that continue to be held by the Bancorp is subject to credit, prepayment and interest rate risks on the sold financial assets.
At September 30, 2014, the sensitivity of the current fair value of residual cash flows to immediate 10%, 20% and 50% adverse changes in prepayment speed assumptions and immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in other assumptions are as follows:
($ in millions)(a)
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures indicate, changes in fair value based on these variations in the assumptions typically cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. The Bancorp believes variations of these levels are reasonably possible; however, there is the potential that adverse changes in key assumptions could be even greater. Also, in the previous table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the interests that continue to be held by the Bancorp is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which might magnify or counteract these sensitivities.
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12. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Bancorp maintains an overall risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to reduce certain risks related to interest rate, prepayment and foreign currency volatility. Additionally, the Bancorp holds derivative instruments for the benefit of its commercial customers and for other business purposes. The Bancorp does not enter into unhedged speculative derivative positions.
The Bancorp’s interest rate risk management strategy involves modifying the repricing characteristics of certain financial instruments so that changes in interest rates do not adversely affect the Bancorp’s net interest margin and cash flows. Derivative instruments that the Bancorp may use as part of its interest rate risk management strategy include interest rate swaps, interest rate floors, interest rate caps, forward contracts, options and swaptions. Interest rate swap contracts are exchanges of interest payments, such as fixed-rate payments for floating-rate payments, based on a stated notional amount and maturity date. Interest rate floors protect against declining rates, while interest rate caps protect against rising interest rates. Forward contracts are contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase, and the seller agrees to make delivery of, a specific financial instrument at a predetermined price or yield. Options provide the purchaser with the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell a contracted item during a specified period at an agreed upon price. Swaptions are financial instruments granting the owner the right, but not the obligation, to enter into or cancel a swap.
Prepayment volatility arises mostly from changes in fair value of the largely fixed-rate MSR portfolio, mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. The Bancorp may enter into various free-standing derivatives (principal-only swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate floors, mortgage options, TBAs and interest rate swaps) to economically hedge prepayment volatility. Principal-only swaps are total return swaps based on changes in the value of the underlying mortgage principal-only trust. TBAs are a forward purchase agreement for a mortgage-backed securities trade whereby the terms of the security are undefined at the time the trade is made.
Foreign currency volatility occurs as the Bancorp enters into certain loans denominated in foreign currencies. Derivative instruments that the Bancorp may use to economically hedge these foreign denominated loans include foreign exchange swaps and forward contracts.
The Bancorp also enters into derivative contracts (including foreign exchange contracts, commodity contracts and interest rate contracts) for the benefit of commercial customers and other business purposes. The Bancorp may economically hedge significant exposures related to these free-standing derivatives by entering into offsetting third-party contracts with approved, reputable counterparties with substantially matching terms and currencies. Credit risk arises from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. The Bancorp’s exposure is limited to the replacement value of the contracts rather than the notional, principal or contract amounts. Credit risk is minimized through credit approvals, limits, counterparty collateral and monitoring procedures.
The Bancorp’s derivative assets include certain contractual features in which the Bancorp requires the counterparties to provide collateral in the form of cash and securities to offset changes in the fair value of the derivatives, including changes in the fair value due to credit risk of the counterparty. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the balance of collateral held by the Bancorp for derivative assets was $659 million and $514 million, respectively. The credit component negatively impacting the fair value of derivative assets associated with customer accommodation contracts as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $8 million and $12 million, respectively.
In measuring the fair value of derivative liabilities, the Bancorp considers its own credit risk, taking into consideration collateral maintenance requirements of certain derivative counterparties and the duration of instruments with counterparties that do not require collateral maintenance. When necessary, the Bancorp posts collateral primarily in the form of cash and securities to offset changes in fair value of the derivatives, including changes in fair value due to the Bancorp’s credit risk. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the balance of collateral posted by the Bancorp for derivative liabilities was $495 million and $559 million, respectively. Certain of the Bancorp’s derivative liabilities contain credit-risk related contingent features that could result in the requirement to post additional collateral upon the occurrence of specified events. As of September 30, 2014, the fair value of the additional collateral that could be required to be posted as a result of the credit-risk related contingent features being triggered was immaterial to the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The posting of collateral has been determined to remove the need for further consideration of credit risk. As a result, the Bancorp determined that the impact of the Bancorp’s credit risk to the valuation of its derivative liabilities was immaterial to the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Bancorp holds certain derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting treatment and are designated as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges. Derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, or for which hedge accounting is not established, are held as free-standing derivatives. All customer accommodation derivatives are held as free-standing derivatives.
The fair value of derivative instruments is presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements. Derivative instruments with a positive fair value are reported in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets while derivative instruments with a negative fair value are reported in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash collateral payables and receivables associated with the derivative instruments are not added to or netted against the fair value amounts. For further information on offsetting derivatives, see Note 13 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The following tables reflect the notional amounts and fair values for all derivative instruments included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of:
Qualifying hedging instruments
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate swaps related to long-term debt
Total fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps related to C&I loans
Total cash flow hedges
Total derivatives designated as qualifying hedging instruments
Derivatives not designated as qualifying hedging instruments
Free-standing derivatives - risk management and other business purposes:
Interest rate contracts related to MSRs
Forward contracts related to held for sale mortgage loans
Stock warrant associated with Vantiv Holding, LLC
Swap associated with the sale of Visa, Inc. Class B shares
Total free-standing derivatives - risk management and other business purposes
Free-standing derivatives - customer accommodation:
Interest rate contracts for customers
Interest rate lock commitments
Commodity contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Total free-standing derivatives - customer accommodation
Total derivatives not designated as qualifying hedging instruments
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Fair Value Hedges
The Bancorp may enter into interest rate swaps to convert its fixed-rate funding to floating-rate. Decisions to convert fixed-rate funding to floating are made primarily through consideration of the asset/liability mix of the Bancorp, the desired asset/liability sensitivity and interest rate levels. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, certain interest rate swaps met the criteria required to qualify for the shortcut method of accounting. Based on this shortcut method of accounting treatment, no ineffectiveness is assumed. For interest rate swaps that do not meet the shortcut requirements, an assessment of hedge effectiveness using regression analysis was performed and such swaps were accounted for using the “long-haul” method. The long-haul method requires a quarterly assessment of hedge effectiveness and measurement of ineffectiveness. For interest rate swaps accounted for as a fair value hedge using the long-haul method, ineffectiveness is the difference between the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap and changes in fair value of the related hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged. The ineffectiveness on interest rate swaps hedging fixed-rate funding is reported within interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table reflects the change in fair value of interest rate contracts, designated as fair value hedges, as well as the change in fair value of the related hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged, included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income:
Condensed Consolidated Statements of
Income Caption
Interest rate contracts:
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging long-term debt
Change in fair value of hedged long-term debt attributable to the risk being hedged
Cash Flow Hedges
The Bancorp may enter into interest rate swaps to convert floating-rate assets and liabilities to fixed rates or to hedge certain forecasted transactions. The assets or liabilities may be grouped in circumstances where they share the same risk exposure for which the Bancorp desires to hedge. The Bancorp may also enter into interest rate caps and floors to limit cash flow variability of floating rate assets and liabilities. As of September 30, 2014, all hedges designated as cash flow hedges were assessed for effectiveness using regression analysis. Ineffectiveness is generally measured as the amount by which the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedging instrument exceeds the present value of the cumulative change in the hedged item’s expected cash flows attributable to the risk being hedged. Ineffectiveness is reported within other noninterest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The effective portion of the cumulative gains or losses on cash flow hedges are reported within accumulated other comprehensive income and are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to current period earnings when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. As of September 30, 2014, the maximum length of time over which the Bancorp is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 62 months.
Reclassified gains and losses on interest rate contracts related to commercial and industrial loans are recorded within interest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, $12 million and $13 million, respectively, of deferred gains, net of tax, on cash flow hedges were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2014, approximately $30 million of net deferred gains, net of tax, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations, and the addition of other hedges subsequent to September 30, 2014.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, there were no gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings associated with the discontinuance of cash flow hedges because it was probable that the original forecasted transaction would not occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within the additional period of time as defined by U.S. GAAP.
The following table presents the pretax net (losses) gains recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and accumulated other comprehensive income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income relating to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Amount of pretax net (losses) gains recognized in OCI
Amount of pretax net gains reclassified from OCI into net income
Free-Standing Derivative Instruments – Risk Management and Other Business Purposes
As part of its overall risk management strategy relative to its mortgage banking activity, the Bancorp may enter into various free-standing derivatives (principal-only swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate floors, mortgage options, TBAs and interest rate swaps) to economically hedge changes in fair value of its largely fixed-rate MSR portfolio. Principal-only swaps hedge the mortgage-LIBOR spread because these swaps appreciate in value as a result of tightening spreads. Principal-only swaps also provide prepayment protection by increasing in value when prepayment speeds increase, as opposed to MSRs that lose value in a faster prepayment environment. Receive fixed/pay floating interest rate swaps and swaptions increase in value when interest rates do not increase as quickly as expected.
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The Bancorp enters into forward contracts and mortgage options to economically hedge the change in fair value of certain residential mortgage loans held for sale due to changes in interest rates. Interest rate lock commitments issued on residential mortgage loan commitments that will be held for sale are also considered free-standing derivative instruments and the interest rate exposure on these commitments is economically hedged primarily with forward contracts. Revaluation gains and losses from free-standing derivatives related to mortgage banking activity are recorded as a component of mortgage banking net revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Additionally, as part of the Bancorp’s overall risk management strategy with respect to minimizing significant fluctuations in earnings and cash flows caused by interest rate and prepayment volatility, the Bancorp may enter into free-standing derivative instruments (options, swaptions and interest rate swaps). The gains and losses on these derivative contracts are recorded within other noninterest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
In conjunction with the initial sale of the Bancorp’s 51% interest in Vantiv Holding, LLC, the Bancorp received a warrant which is accounted for as a free-standing derivative. Refer to Note 22 for further discussion of significant inputs and assumptions used in the valuation of the warrant.
In conjunction with the initial sale of Visa, Inc. Class B shares in 2009, the Bancorp entered into a total return swap in which the Bancorp will make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate of the Class B shares into Class A shares. This total return swap is accounted for as a free-standing derivative. See Note 22 for further discussion of significant inputs and assumptions used in the valuation of this instrument.
The net gains (losses) recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income relating to free-standing derivative instruments used for risk management and other business purposes are summarized in the following table:
Condensed Consolidated
Statements of
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans held for sale
Interest rate contracts related to MSR portfolio
Foreign exchange contracts:
Foreign exchange contracts for risk management purposes
Equity contracts:
Swap associated with sale of Visa, Inc. Class B shares
Free-Standing Derivative Instruments – Customer Accommodation
The majority of the free-standing derivative instruments the Bancorp enters into are for the benefit of its commercial customers. These derivative contracts are not designated against specific assets or liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets or to forecasted transactions and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting. These instruments include foreign exchange derivative contracts entered into for the benefit of commercial customers involved in international trade to hedge their exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and commodity contracts to hedge such items as natural gas and various other derivative contracts. The Bancorp may economically hedge significant exposures related to these derivative contracts entered into for the benefit of customers by entering into offsetting contracts with approved, reputable, independent counterparties with substantially matching terms. The Bancorp hedges its interest rate exposure on commercial customer transactions by executing offsetting swap agreements with primary dealers. Revaluation gains and losses on interest rate, foreign exchange, commodity and other commercial customer derivative contracts are recorded as a component of corporate banking revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Bancorp enters into risk participation agreements, under which the Bancorp assumes credit exposure relating to certain underlying interest rate derivative contracts. The Bancorp only enters into these risk participation agreements in instances in which the Bancorp has participated in the loan that the underlying interest rate derivative contract was designed to hedge. The Bancorp will make payments under these agreements if a customer defaults on its obligation to perform under the terms of the underlying interest rate derivative contract. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the total notional amount of the risk participation agreements was $1.2 billion and the fair value was a liability of $2 million and $3 million, respectively, which is included in interest rate contracts for customers. As of September 30, 2014, the risk participation agreements had an average remaining life of 2.7 years.
The Bancorp’s maximum exposure in the risk participation agreements is contingent on the fair value of the underlying interest rate derivative contracts in an asset position at the time of default. The Bancorp monitors the credit risk associated with the underlying customers in the risk participation agreements through the same risk grading system currently utilized for establishing loss reserves in its loan and lease portfolio.
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Risk ratings of the notional amount of risk participation agreements under this risk rating system are summarized in the following table as of:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
The net gains (losses) recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income relating to free-standing derivative instruments used for customer accommodation are summarized in the following table:
Statements of Income Caption
Interest rate contracts for customers (contract revenue)
Interest rate contracts for customers (credit losses)
Interest rate contracts for customers (credit portion of fair value adjustment)
Commodity contracts:
Commodity contracts for customers (contract revenue)
Commodity contracts for customers (credit portion of fair value adjustment)
Foreign exchange contracts - customers (contract revenue)
Foreign exchange contracts - customers (credit portion of fair value adjustment)
13. Offsetting Derivative Financial Instruments
The Bancorp’s derivative transactions are generally governed by ISDA Master Agreements and similar arrangements, which include provisions governing the setoff of assets and liabilities between the parties. When the Bancorp has more than one outstanding derivative transaction with a single counterparty, the setoff provisions contained within these agreements generally allow the non-defaulting party the right to reduce its liability to the defaulting party by amounts eligible for setoff, including the collateral received as well as eligible offsetting transactions with that counterparty, irrespective of the currency, place of payment, or booking office. The Bancorp’s policy is to present its derivative assets and derivative liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a gross basis, even when provisions allowing for setoff are in place.
Collateral amounts included in the tables below consist primarily of cash and highly-rated government-backed securities.
Derivatives
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14. Long-Term Debt
On February 28, 2014, the Bancorp issued and sold $500 million of 2.30% unsecured senior fixed-rate notes, with a maturity of five years, due on March 1, 2019. These notes will be redeemable by the Bancorp, in whole or in part, on or after the date that is 30 days prior to the maturity date at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date.
As previously discussed in Note 10, consolidated VIEs of the Bancorp issued $2.8 billion of asset-backed securities related to automobile loan securitizations during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Third-party holders of the debt associated with this transaction do not have recourse to the general assets of the Bancorp.
For further information on a subsequent event related to long-term debt refer to Note 24.
15. Capital Actions
On March 18, 2014, the Bancorp’s Board of Directors authorized the Bancorp to repurchase up to 100 million shares of its outstanding common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, and to utilize any derivative or similar instrument to effect share repurchase transactions (including without limitation, accelerated share repurchase contracts, equity forward transactions, equity option transactions, equity swap transactions, cap transactions, collar transactions, floor transactions or other similar transactions or any combination of the foregoing transactions). This share repurchase authorization replaced the Board’s previous authorization from March of 2013.
During 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Bancorp entered into a number of accelerated share repurchase transactions. As part of these transactions, the Bancorp entered into forward contracts in which the final number of shares delivered at settlement was based generally on a discount to the average daily volume weighted average price of the Bancorp’s common stock during the term of these repurchase agreements. The accelerated share repurchases were treated as two separate transactions (i) the acquisition of treasury shares on the acquisition date and (ii) a forward contract indexed to the Bancorp’s stock.
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The following table presents a summary of the Bancorp’s accelerated share repurchase transactions that were entered into or settled during the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
On June 5, 2014, the Bancorp issued in a registered public offering 300,000 depositary shares, representing 12,000 shares of 4.90% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative Series J perpetual preferred stock, for net proceeds of $297 million. Each preferred share has a $25,000 liquidation preference. The preferred stock accrues dividends, on a non-cumulative, semi-annual basis, at an annual rate of 4.90% through but excluding September 30, 2019, at which time it converts to a quarterly floating rate dividend of three-month LIBOR plus 3.129%. Subject to any required regulatory approval, the Bancorp may redeem the Series J preferred shares at its option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 30, 2019, or any time prior following a regulatory capital event. The Series J preferred shares are not convertible into Bancorp common shares or any other securities.
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16. Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Guarantees
The Bancorp, in the normal course of business, enters into financial instruments and various agreements to meet the financing needs of its customers. The Bancorp also enters into certain transactions and agreements to manage its interest rate and prepayment risks, provide funding, equipment and locations for its operations and invest in its communities. These instruments and agreements involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk, counterparty risk and market risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The creditworthiness of counterparties for all instruments and agreements is evaluated on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the Bancorp’s credit policies. The Bancorp’s significant commitments, contingent liabilities and guarantees in excess of the amounts recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are discussed in further detail below:
The Bancorp has certain commitments to make future payments under contracts. The following table reflects a summary of significant commitments as of:
Commitments to extend credit
Letters of credit
Forward contracts to sell mortgage loans
Noncancelable lease obligations
Capital commitments for private equity investments
Purchase obligations
Capital expenditures
Capital lease obligations
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend, typically having fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash flow requirements. The Bancorp is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty for the amount of the contract. Fixed-rate commitments are also subject to market risk resulting from fluctuations in interest rates and the Bancorp’s exposure is limited to the replacement value of those commitments. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Bancorp had a reserve for unfunded commitments, including letters of credit, totaling $134 million and $162 million, respectively, included in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Bancorp monitors the credit risk associated with commitments to extend credit using the same risk rating system utilized within its loan and lease portfolio.
Risk ratings under this risk rating system are summarized in the following table as of:
Doubtful
Standby and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party and expire as summarized in the following table as of September 30, 2014:
Less than 1 year(a)
1 - 5 years(a)
Over 5 years
Standby letters of credit accounted for 99% of total letters of credit at September 30, 2014 compared to 97% at December 31, 2013 and are considered guarantees in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Approximately 63% and 48% of the total standby letters of credit were collateralized as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. In the event of nonperformance by the customers, the Bancorp has rights to the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and marketable securities. The reserve related to these standby letters of credit, which was included in the total reserve for unfunded commitments, was $1 million at September 30, 2014 and $2 million at December 31, 2013. The Bancorp monitors the credit risk associated with letters of credit using the same risk rating system utilized within its loan and lease portfolio.
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At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Bancorp had outstanding letters of credit that were supporting certain securities issued as VRDNs. The Bancorp facilitates financing for its commercial customers, which consist of companies and municipalities, by marketing the VRDNs to investors. The VRDNs pay interest to holders at a rate of interest that fluctuates based upon market demand. The VRDNs generally have long-term maturity dates, but can be tendered by the holder for purchase at par value upon proper advance notice. When the VRDNs are tendered, a remarketing agent generally finds another investor to purchase the VRDNs to keep the securities outstanding in the market. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, total VRDNs in which the Bancorp was the remarketing agent or were supported by a Bancorp letter of credit were $1.8 billion and $2.1 billion of which FTS acted as the remarketing agent to issuers on $1.6 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. As remarketing agent, FTS is responsible for finding purchasers for VRDNs that are put by investors. The Bancorp issued letters of credit, as a credit enhancement, to $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion of the VRDNs remarketed by FTS, in addition to $242 million and $300 million in VRDNs remarketed by third parties at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. These letters of credit are included in the total letters of credit balance provided in the previous table. The Bancorp held $2 million and an immaterial amount of these VRDNs in its portfolio and classified them as trading securities at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
The Bancorp enters into forward contracts to economically hedge the change in fair value of certain residential mortgage loans held for sale due to changes in interest rates. The outstanding notional amounts of these forward contracts are included in the summary of significant commitments table above for all periods presented.
Noncancelable lease obligations and other commitments
The Bancorp’s subsidiaries have entered into a number of noncancelable lease agreements. The minimum rental commitments under noncancelable lease agreements are shown in the summary of significant commitments table. The Bancorp has also entered into a limited number of agreements for work related to banking center construction and to purchase goods or services.
Contingent Liabilities
Private mortgage reinsurance
For certain mortgage loans originated by the Bancorp, borrowers may be required to obtain PMI provided by third-party insurers. In some instances, these insurers cede a portion of the PMI premiums to the Bancorp, and the Bancorp provides reinsurance coverage within a specified range of the total PMI coverage. The Bancorp’s reinsurance coverage typically ranges from 5% to 10% of the total PMI coverage. The Bancorp’s maximum exposure in the event of nonperformance by the underlying borrowers is equivalent to the Bancorp’s total outstanding reinsurance coverage, which was $29 million at September 30, 2014 and $37 million at December 31, 2013. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Bancorp maintained a reserve of $3 million and $10 million, respectively, related to exposures within the reinsurance portfolio which was included in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During 2009, the Bancorp suspended the practice of providing reinsurance of private mortgage insurance for newly originated mortgage loans.
Legal claims
There are legal claims pending against the Bancorp and its subsidiaries that have arisen in the normal course of business. See Note 17 for additional information regarding these proceedings.
Guarantees
The Bancorp has performance obligations upon the occurrence of certain events under financial guarantees provided in certain contractual arrangements as discussed in the following sections.
Residential mortgage loans sold with representation and warranty provisions
Conforming residential mortgage loans sold to unrelated third parties are generally sold with representation and warranty provisions. A contractual liability arises only in the event of a breach of these representations and warranties and, in general, only when a loss results from the breach. The Bancorp may be required to repurchase any previously sold loan or indemnify (make whole) the investor or insurer for which the representation or warranty of the Bancorp proves to be inaccurate, incomplete or misleading.
The Bancorp establishes a residential mortgage repurchase reserve related to various representations and warranties that reflects management’s estimate of losses based on a combination of factors. The Bancorp’s estimation process requires management to make subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain, such as future demand expectations, economic factors and the specific characteristics of the loans subject to repurchase. Such factors incorporate historical investor audit and repurchase demand rates, appeals success rates, historical loss severity, and any additional information obtained from the GSEs regarding future mortgage repurchase and file request criteria. At the time of a loan sale, the Bancorp records a representation and warranty reserve at the estimated fair value of the Bancorp’s guarantee and continually updates the reserve during the life of the loan as losses in excess of the reserve become probable and reasonably estimable. The provision for the estimated fair value of the representation and warranty guarantee arising from the loan sales is recorded as an adjustment to the gain on sale, which is included in noninterest income at the time of sale. Updates to the reserve are recorded in other noninterest expense.
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The Bancorp maintained reserves related to these loans sold with representation and warranty provisions, which were included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaling $35 million and $44 million as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
The Bancorp uses the best information available to it in estimating its mortgage representation and warranty reserve; however, the estimation process is inherently uncertain and imprecise and, accordingly, losses in excess of the amounts reserved as of September 30, 2014, are reasonably possible. The Bancorp currently estimates that it is reasonably possible that it could incur losses related to mortgage representation and warranty provisions in an amount up to approximately $46 million in excess of amounts reserved. This estimate was derived by modifying the key assumptions discussed above to reflect management’s judgment regarding reasonably possible adverse changes to those assumptions. The actual repurchase losses could vary significantly from the recorded mortgage representation and warranty reserve or this estimate of reasonably possibly losses, depending on the outcome of various factors, including those noted above.
For the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Bancorp paid $1 million and $9 million, respectively, in the form of make whole payments and repurchased $7 million and $19 million, respectively, in outstanding principal of loans to satisfy investor demands. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Bancorp paid $10 million and $33 million, respectively, in the form of make whole payments and repurchased $47 million and $70 million, respectively, in outstanding principal of loans to satisfy investor demands. Total repurchase demand requests during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were $24 million and $62 million, respectively. Total repurchase demand requests during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were $84 million and $191 million, respectively. Total outstanding repurchase demand inventory was $15 million at September 30, 2014 compared to $46 million at December 31, 2013.
The following table summarizes activity in the reserve for representation and warranty provisions:
Net additions to the reserve
Losses charged against the reserve
The following table provides a rollforward of unresolved demands by claimant type for the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
New demands
Resolved demands
The following table provides a rollforward of unresolved demands by claimant type for the nine months ended September 30, 2013:
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Residential mortgage loans sold with credit recourse
The Bancorp sold certain residential mortgage loans in the secondary market with credit recourse. In the event of any customer default, pursuant to the credit recourse provided, the Bancorp is required to reimburse the third party. The maximum amount of credit risk in the event of nonperformance by the underlying borrowers is equivalent to the total outstanding balance. In the event of nonperformance, the Bancorp has rights to the underlying collateral value securing the loan. The outstanding balances on these loans sold with credit recourse were $573 million and $579 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and the delinquency rates were 4.0% and 4.4% at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The Bancorp maintained an estimated credit loss reserve on these loans sold with credit recourse of $13 million and $16 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, recorded in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. To determine the credit loss reserve, the Bancorp used an approach that is consistent with its overall approach in estimating credit losses for various categories of residential mortgage loans held in its loan portfolio.
Margin accounts
FTS, a subsidiary of the Bancorp, guarantees the collection of all margin account balances held by its brokerage clearing agent for the benefit of its customers. FTS is responsible for payment to its brokerage clearing agent for any loss, liability, damage, cost or expense incurred as a result of customers failing to comply with margin or margin maintenance calls on all margin accounts. The margin account balance held by the brokerage clearing agent was $15 million and $12 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. In the event of any customer default, FTS has rights to the underlying collateral provided. Given the existence of the underlying collateral provided and negligible historical credit losses, the Bancorp does not maintain a loss reserve related to the margin accounts.
Long-term borrowing obligations
The Bancorp had certain fully and unconditionally guaranteed long-term borrowing obligations issued by wholly-owned issuing trust entities of $62 million at September 30, 2014.
Visa litigation
The Bancorp, as a member bank of Visa prior to Visa’s reorganization and IPO (the “IPO”) of its Class A common shares (the “Class A Shares”) in 2008, had certain indemnification obligations pursuant to Visa’s certificate of incorporation and by-laws and in accordance with their membership agreements. In accordance with Visa’s by-laws prior to the IPO, the Bancorp could have been required to indemnify Visa for the Bancorp’s proportional share of losses based on the pre-IPO membership interests. As part of its reorganization and IPO, the Bancorp’s indemnification obligation was modified to include only certain known litigation (the “Covered Litigation”) as of the date of the restructuring. This modification triggered a requirement for the Bancorp to recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the indemnification liability.
In conjunction with the IPO, the Bancorp received 10.1 million of Visa’s Class B common shares (the “Class B Shares”) based on the Bancorp’s membership percentage in Visa prior to the IPO. The Class B Shares are not transferable (other than to another member bank) until the later of the third anniversary of the IPO closing or the date which the Covered Litigation has been resolved; therefore, the Bancorp’s Class B Shares were classified in other assets and accounted for at their carryover basis of $0. Visa deposited $3 billion of the proceeds from the IPO into a litigation escrow account, established for the purpose of funding judgments in, or settlements of, the Covered Litigation. If Visa’s litigation committee determines that the escrow account is insufficient, then Visa will issue additional Class A Shares and deposit the proceeds from the sale of the Class A Shares into the litigation escrow account. When Visa funds the litigation escrow account, the Class B Shares are subject to dilution through an adjustment in the conversion rate of Class B Shares into Class A Shares.
In 2009, the Bancorp completed the sale of Visa, Inc. Class B Shares and entered into a total return swap in which the Bancorp will make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate of the Class B Shares into Class A Shares. The swap terminates on the later of the third anniversary of Visa’s IPO or the date on which the Covered Litigation is settled. See Note 22 for additional information on the valuation of the swap. The counterparty to the swap as a result of its ownership of the Class B Shares will be impacted by dilutive adjustments to the conversion rate of the Class B Shares into Class A Shares caused by any Covered Litigation losses in excess of the litigation escrow account. If actual judgments in, or settlements of, the Covered Litigation significantly exceed current expectations, then additional funding by Visa of the litigation escrow account and the resulting dilution of the Class B Shares could result in a scenario where the Bancorp’s ultimate exposure associated with the Covered Litigation (the “Visa Litigation Exposure”) exceeds the value of the Class B Shares owned by the swap counterparty (the “Class B Value”). In the event the Bancorp concludes that it is probable that the Visa Litigation Exposure exceeds the Class B Value, the Bancorp would record a litigation reserve liability and a corresponding amount of other noninterest expense for the amount of the excess. Any such litigation reserve liability would be separate and distinct from the fair value derivative liability associated with the total return swap.
As of the date of the Bancorp’s sale of Visa Class B Shares and through September 30, 2014, the Bancorp has concluded that it is not probable that the Visa Litigation Exposure will exceed the Class B value. Based on this determination, upon the sale of Class B Shares, the Bancorp reversed its net Visa litigation reserve liability and recognized a free-standing derivative liability associated with the total return swap. The fair value of the swap liability was $53 million and $48 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Refer to Notes 12 and 17 for further information.
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After the Bancorp’s sale of Visa Class B Shares, Visa has funded additional amounts into the litigation escrow account which have resulted in further dilution in the conversion of Class B Shares into Class A Shares, and along with other terms of the total return swap, required the Bancorp to make cash payments to the swap counterparty as follows:
Q2 2010
Q4 2010
Q2 2011
Q1 2012
Q3 2012
Q3 2014
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17. Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
During April 2006, the Bancorp was added as a defendant in a consolidated antitrust class action lawsuit originally filed against Visa®, MasterCard® and several other major financial institutions in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The plaintiffs, merchants operating commercial businesses throughout the U.S. and trade associations, claimed that the interchange fees charged by card-issuing banks were unreasonable and sought injunctive relief and unspecified damages. In addition to being a named defendant, the Bancorp is also subject to a possible indemnification obligation of Visa as discussed in Note 16 and has also entered into judgment and loss sharing agreements with Visa, MasterCard and certain other named defendants. In October 2012, the parties to the litigation entered into a settlement agreement. The court entered a Class Settlement Preliminary Approval Order in November 2012. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreement, the Bancorp paid $46 million into a class settlement escrow account. Previously, the Bancorp paid an additional $4 million in another settlement escrow in connection with the settlement of claims from plaintiffs not included in the class action. More than 7,900 merchants have requested exclusion from the class settlement. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreement, 25% of the funds paid into the class settlement escrow account have been returned to the control of the defendants through Class Exclusion Takedown Payments. Approximately 460 of the merchants who requested exclusion from the class have filed separate federal lawsuits against Visa, MasterCard and certain other defendants alleging similar antitrust violations. These “opt-out” federal lawsuits have been transferred to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The Bancorp was not named as a defendant in any of the opt-out federal lawsuits, but may have obligations pursuant to indemnification arrangements and/or the judgment or loss sharing agreements noted above. In addition, one merchant filed a separate state court lawsuit against Visa, MasterCard and certain other defendants, including the Bancorp, alleging similar antitrust violations. On January 14, 2014, the court entered a final order approving the class settlement. On July 18, 2014, the court in which all but one of the opt-out federal lawsuits have been consolidated denied defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaints. A number of merchants have filed appeals from that approval. Refer to Note 16 for further information.
In 2008, two cases were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio against the Bancorp and certain officers styled Dudenhoeffer v Fifth Third Bancorp et al. Case No. 1:08-cv-538. The complaints alleged violations of ERISA based on allegations similar to those set forth in the previously reported securities class action cases. The ERISA actions were dismissed by the trial court, but the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the trial court decision. The Bancorp petitioned the United States Supreme Court to review and reverse the Sixth Circuit decision and sought a stay of proceedings in the trial court pending appeal. On December 13, 2013, the Supreme Court granted certiorari and agreed to hear the appeal. Oral arguments were held on April 2, 2014 and on June 25, 2014 the Supreme Court unanimously vacated the Sixth Circuit decision and remanded the case for further proceedings consistent with the standards articulated in its decision. The Supreme Court issued its mandate remanding the case back to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals but no further proceedings have occurred.
In November 2014, a shareholder of the Bancorp filed a shareholder derivative suit in the Court of Common Pleas for Hamilton County, Ohio, against current and former members of the Bancorp’s Board of Directors, the Bancorp’s former Chief Financial Officer and current Executive Vice President, Daniel T. Poston, the Bancorp’s Chief Executive Officer, Kevin T. Kabat, and, nominally, the Bancorp. The suit alleges breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment in connection with the Bancorp’s alleged violations of federal and state securities laws, among other charges, in relation to its administrative settlement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission announced on December 4, 2013 to resolve the previously reported investigation of the Bancorp’s historical accounting and reporting with respect to certain commercial loans that were sold or reclassified as held-for-sale by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2008. The suit seeks, among other things, unspecified monetary damages, disgorgement of profits, certain corporate governance and personnel actions and compliance and disclosure changes. The impact of the final disposition of this lawsuit cannot be assessed at this time.
The Bancorp and its subsidiaries are not parties to any other material litigation. However, there are other litigation matters that arise in the normal course of business. While it is impossible to ascertain the ultimate resolution or range of financial liability with respect to these contingent matters, management believes any resulting liability from these other actions would not have a material effect upon the Bancorp’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The Bancorp and/or its affiliates are involved in information-gathering requests, reviews, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal) by various governmental regulatory agencies and law enforcement authorities, as well as self-regulatory bodies regarding their respective businesses. Additional matters will likely arise from time to time. Any of these matters may result in material adverse consequences to the Bancorp, its affiliates and/or their respective directors, officers and other personnel, including adverse judgments, findings, settlements, fines, penalties, orders, injunctions or other actions, amendments and/or restatements of the Bancorp’s SEC filings and/or financial statements, as applicable, and/or determinations of material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures. Investigations by regulatory authorities may from time to time result in civil or criminal referrals to law enforcement authorities such as the Department of Justice or a United States Attorney. Among other matters, the Bancorp has been cooperating with the Department of Justice, the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Housing Finance Authority in civil investigations regarding compliance with requirements relating to certain Federal Housing Agency-insured loans and certain loans sold to government sponsored entities originated by affiliates of the Bancorp. The investigations could lead to demands under the federal False Claims Act and the federal Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989, which allow up to treble and other special damages substantially in excess of actual losses. Additionally, the Bancorp is also cooperating with an investigation by the Department of Justice to determine whether the Bank engaged in any discriminatory practices in connection with the Bank’s indirect automobile loan portfolio. Any claim resulting from this investigation could include direct and indirect damages and civil money penalties.
The Bancorp is party to numerous claims and lawsuits as well as threatened or potential actions or claims concerning matters arising from the conduct of its business activities. The outcome of claims or litigation and the timing of ultimate resolution are inherently difficult to predict. The following factors, among others, contribute to this lack of predictability: plaintiff claims often include significant legal uncertainties, damages alleged by plaintiffs are often unspecified or overstated, discovery may not have started or may not be complete and material facts may be disputed or unsubstantiated. As a result of these factors, the Bancorp is not always able to provide an estimate of the range of reasonably possible outcomes for each claim. A reserve for a potential litigation loss is established when information related to the loss contingency indicates both that a loss is probable and that the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Any such reserve is adjusted from time to time thereafter as appropriate to reflect changes in circumstances. The Bancorp also determines, when possible (due to the uncertainties described above), estimates of reasonably possible losses or ranges of reasonably possible losses, in excess of amounts reserved. Under U.S. GAAP, an event is “reasonably possible” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely” and an event is “remote” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is slight.” Thus, references to the upper end of the range of reasonably possible loss for cases in which the Bancorp is able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss mean the upper end of the range of loss for cases for which the Bancorp believes the risk of loss is more than slight. For matters where the Bancorp is able to
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estimate such possible losses or ranges of possible losses, the Bancorp currently estimates that it is reasonably possible that it could incur losses related to legal proceedings including the matters discussed above in an aggregate amount up to approximately $103 million in excess of amounts reserved, with it also being reasonably possible that no losses will be incurred in these matters. The estimates included in this amount are based on the Bancorp’s analysis of currently available information, and as new information is obtained the Bancorp may change its estimates.
For these matters and others where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible but not probable, there may be a range of possible losses in excess of the established reserve that cannot be estimated. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage and established reserves, the Bancorp believes that the eventual outcome of the actions against the Bancorp and/or its subsidiaries, including the matters described above, will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Bancorp’s consolidated financial position. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of those matters, if unfavorable, may be material to the Bancorp’s results of operations for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the size of the loss or liability imposed and the operating results for the applicable period.
18. Related Party Transactions
The Bancorp’s ownership position in Vantiv Holding, LLC was reduced in the second quarter of 2014 when the Bancorp sold an approximate three percent interest and recognized a $125 million gain. The Bancorp’s remaining approximate 23% ownership in Vantiv Holding, LLC was accounted for as an equity method investment in the Bancorp’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and had a carrying value of $388 million as of September 30, 2014.
As of September 30, 2014, the Bancorp continued to hold approximately 43 million Class B units of Vantiv Holding, LLC and a warrant to purchase approximately 20.4 million Class C non-voting units of Vantiv Holding, LLC, both of which may be exchanged for Class A Common Stock of Vantiv, Inc. on a one for one basis or at Vantiv, Inc.’s option for cash. In addition, the Bancorp holds approximately 43 million Class B common shares of Vantiv, Inc. The Class B common shares give the Bancorp voting rights, but no economic interest in Vantiv, Inc. The voting rights attributable to the Class B common shares are limited to 18.5% of the voting power in Vantiv, Inc. at any time other than in connection with a stockholder vote with respect to a change in control in Vantiv, Inc. These securities are subject to certain terms and restrictions. The outstanding balance of loans to Vantiv Holding, LLC was $207 million and $348 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
19. Income Taxes
The Bancorp’s provision for income taxes was $124 million and $183 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and was $411 million and $613 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were 26.7% and 30.3%, respectively, and were 27.2% and 30.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year was due to a decrease of income before income taxes. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due to a non-cash charge recognized during the period ended March 31, 2013 related to previously recognized tax benefits associated with stock-based awards that were not realized and a decrease of income before income taxes.
While it is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized tax benefits with respect to certain of the Bancorp’s uncertain tax positions could increase or decrease during the next 12 months, the Bancorp believes it is unlikely that its unrecognized tax benefits will change by a material amount during the next 12 months.
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20. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The activity of the components of other comprehensive income and accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was as follows:
Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities arising during period
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities
Unrealized holding losses on cash flow hedge derivatives arising during period
Reclassification adjustment for net gains on cash flow hedge derivatives included in net income
Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedge derivatives
Defined benefit pension plans, net
Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities arising during period
Unrealized holding gains on cash flow hedge derivatives arising during period
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The activity of the components of other comprehensive income and accumulated other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was as follows:
Reclassification adjustment for net losses included in net income
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The table below presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income:
Components of AOCI: ($ in millions)
Affected Line Item in the Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Income
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities: (b)
Net gains (losses) included in net income
Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedge derivatives: (b)
Interest rate contracts related to C&I loans
Interest rate contracts related to long-term debt
Net periodic benefit costs: (b)
Amortization of net actuarial loss
Total reclassifications for the period
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21. Earnings Per Share
The calculation of earnings per share and the reconciliation of earnings per share and earnings per diluted share were as follows:
For the three months ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
Earnings per share:
Less: Income allocated to participating securities
Net income allocated to common shareholders
Earnings per diluted share:
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock-based awards
plus assumed conversions
Net income allocated to common shareholders plus assumed conversions
For the nine months ended September 30,
Series G convertible preferred stock
Shares are excluded from the computation of net income per diluted share when their inclusion has an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share. The diluted earnings per share computation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 excludes 13 million and 11 million, respectively, of stock appreciation rights and an immaterial amount of stock options. The diluted earnings per share computation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 excludes 24 million and 25 million, respectively, of stock appreciation rights. The diluted earnings per share computation excludes an immaterial amount of stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 1 million of stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
The diluted earnings per share computation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 excludes the impact of the forward contract related to the July 24, 2014 accelerated share repurchase transaction. Based upon the average daily volume weighted average price of the Bancorp’s common stock during the third quarter of 2014, the counterparty to the transaction would have been required to deliver additional shares for the settlement of the forward contract as of September 30, 2014, and thus the impact of the accelerated share repurchase transaction would have been anti-dilutive to earnings per share.
The diluted earnings per share computation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 excludes the impact of the forward contract related to the May 21, 2013 accelerated share repurchase transaction. Based upon the average daily volume weighted average price of the Bancorp’s common stock during the third quarter of 2013, the counterparty to the transaction would have been required to deliver additional shares for the settlement of the forward contract as of September 30, 2013, and thus the impact of the accelerated share repurchase transaction would have been anti-dilutive to earnings per share.
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22. Fair Value Measurements
The Bancorp measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the instrument’s fair value measurement. For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy, see Note 1 in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables summarize assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including residential mortgage loans held for sale for which the Bancorp has elected the fair value option as of:
Available-for-sale securities:
Equity securities(a)
Available-for-sale securities(a)
Trading securities:
Residential mortgage loans held for sale
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts
Equity contracts
Derivative assets
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative liabilities
Short positions
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The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for significant instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
Available-for-sale and trading securities
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include government bonds and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of such instruments, which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include federal agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, agency residential mortgage-backed securities, agency and non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities and other debt securities. Corporate bonds are included in asset-backed securities and other debt securities in the previous table. Federal agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, agency residential mortgage-backed securities, agency and non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities and other debt securities are generally valued using a market approach based on observable prices of securities with similar characteristics.
For residential mortgage loans held for sale, fair value is estimated based upon mortgage-backed securities prices and spreads to those prices or, for certain ARM loans, DCF models that may incorporate the anticipated portfolio composition, credit spreads of asset-backed securities with similar collateral and market conditions. The anticipated portfolio composition includes the effect of interest rate spreads and discount rates due to loan characteristics such as the state in which the loan was originated, the loan amount and the ARM margin. Residential
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mortgage loans held for sale that are valued based on mortgage-backed securities prices are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy as the valuation is based on external pricing for similar instruments. ARM loans classified as held for sale are also classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy due to the use of observable inputs in the DCF model. These observable inputs include interest rate spreads from agency mortgage-backed securities, market rates and observable discount rates.
Residential mortgage loans held for sale that are reclassified to held for investment are transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. It is the Bancorp’s policy to value any transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy based on end of period fair values.
For residential mortgage loans reclassified from held for sale to held for investment, the fair value estimation is based on mortgage-backed securities prices, interest rate risk and an internally developed credit component. Therefore, these loans are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. An adverse change in the loss rate or severity assumption would result in a decrease in fair value of the related loan. The Secondary Marketing Department, which reports to the Bancorp’s Chief Operating Officer, in conjunction with the Consumer Credit Risk Department, which reports to the Bancorp’s Chief Risk and Credit Officer, are responsible for determining the valuation methodology for residential mortgage loans held for investment. The Secondary Marketing Department reviews loss severity assumptions quarterly to determine if adjustments are necessary based on decreases in observable housing market data. This group also reviews trades in comparable benchmark securities and adjusts the values of loans as necessary. Consumer Credit Risk is responsible for the credit component of the fair value which is based on internally developed loss rate models that take into account historical loss rates and loss severities based on underlying collateral values.
Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices and certain over-the-counter derivatives valued using active bids are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Most of the Bancorp’s derivative contracts are valued using discounted cash flow or other models that incorporate current market interest rates, credit spreads assigned to the derivative counterparties and other market parameters and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Such derivatives include basic and structured interest rate swaps and options. Derivatives that are valued based upon models with significant unobservable market parameters are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, derivatives classified as Level 3, which are valued using models containing unobservable inputs, consisted primarily of a warrant associated with the initial sale of the Bancorp’s 51% interest in Vantiv Holding, LLC to Advent International and a total return swap associated with the Bancorp’s sale of Visa, Inc. Class B shares. Level 3 derivatives also include interest rate lock commitments, which utilize internally generated loan closing rate assumptions as a significant unobservable input in the valuation process.
The warrant allows the Bancorp to purchase approximately 20 million incremental nonvoting units in Vantiv Holding, LLC and requires settlement under certain defined conditions involving change of control. The fair value of the warrant is calculated in conjunction with a third party valuation provider by applying Black-Scholes option valuation models using probability weighted scenarios which contain the following inputs: Vantiv, Inc. stock price, strike price per the Warrant Agreement and several unobservable inputs, such as expected term, expected volatility and expected dividend rate.
For the warrant, an increase in the expected term (years) and the expected volatility assumptions would result in an increase in the fair value; conversely, a decrease in these assumptions would result in a decrease in the fair value. The Accounting and Treasury Departments, both of which report to the Bancorp’s Chief Financial Officer, determined the valuation methodology for the warrant. Accounting and Treasury review changes in fair value on a quarterly basis for reasonableness based on changes in historical and implied volatilities, expected terms, probability weightings of the related scenarios, and other assumptions.
Under the terms of the total return swap, the Bancorp will make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate of the Visa, Inc. Class B shares into Class A shares. Additionally, the Bancorp will make a quarterly payment based on Visa’s stock price and the conversion rate of the Visa, Inc. Class B shares into Class A shares until the date on which the Covered Litigation is settled. The fair value of the total return swap was calculated using a discounted cash flow model based on unobservable inputs consisting of management’s estimate of the probability of certain litigation scenarios, the timing of the resolution of the Covered Litigation and Visa litigation loss estimates in excess, or shortfall, of the Bancorp’s proportional share of escrow funds.
An increase in the loss estimate or a delay in the resolution of the Covered Litigation would result in an increase in fair value; conversely, a decrease in the loss estimate or an acceleration of the resolution of the Covered Litigation would result in a decrease in fair value. The Accounting and Treasury Departments determined the valuation methodology for the total return swap. Accounting and Treasury review the changes in fair value on a quarterly basis for reasonableness based on Visa stock price changes, litigation contingencies, and escrow funding.
The net fair value asset of the interest rate lock commitments at September 30, 2014 was $10 million. Immediate decreases in current interest rates of 25 bps and 50 bps would result in increases in the fair value of the interest rate lock commitments of approximately $5 million and $9 million, respectively. Immediate increases of current interest rates of 25 bps and 50 bps would result in decreases in the fair value of the interest rate lock commitments of approximately $5 million and $10 million, respectively. The decrease in fair value of interest rate lock commitments due to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in the assumed loan closing rates would be approximately $1 million and $2 million, respectively, and the increase in fair value due to immediate 10% and 20% favorable changes in the assumed loan closing rates would be approximately $1 million and $2 million, respectively. These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution, as changes in fair value based on a variation in assumptions typically cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value may not be linear.
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The Secondary Marketing Department and the Consumer Line of Business Finance Department, which reports to the Bancorp’s Chief Financial Officer, are responsible for determining the valuation methodology for IRLCs. Secondary Marketing, in conjunction with a third party valuation provider, periodically review loan closing rate assumptions and recent loan sales to determine if adjustments are needed for current market conditions not reflected in historical data.
The following tables are a reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings
Settlements
Transfers into Level 3(b)
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2014(c)
Purchases
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2013(c)
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The total gains and losses included in earnings for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as follows:
Total (losses) gains
The total gains and losses included in earnings attributable to changes in unrealized gains and losses related to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at September 30, 2014 and 2013 were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as follows:
The following tables present information as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 about significant unobservable inputs related to the Bancorp’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:
Financial Instrument
Significant Unobservable Inputs
IRLCs, net
Stock warrant associated with Vantiv
Holding, LLC
26.6%—
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Valuation Technique
3.3%
—
27.8%—
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment.
The following tables represent those assets that were subject to fair value adjustments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 and still held as of the end of the period, and the related gains and losses from fair value adjustments on assets sold during the period as well as assets still held as of the end of the period:
Commercial loans held for sale(a)
MSRs
OREO
Bank premises
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The following tables present information as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 about significant unobservable inputs related to the Bancorp’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis:
SignificantUnobservable Inputs
Commercial loans held for sale
(Adjustable) 26.0%
(Adjustable) 11.8%
(Adjustable) 25.7%
(Adjustable) 11.6%
The Bancorp transferred $8 million and $10 million of commercial loans from the portfolio to loans held for sale that upon transfer were measured at lower of cost or fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The Bancorp transferred $5 million of commercial loans from the portfolio to loans held for sale that upon transfer were measured at fair value during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and no loans were transferred from the portfolio to loans held for sale during the three months ended September 30, 2013. There were $4 million in fair value adjustments taken on these loans for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $5 million in fair value adjustments during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. These loans had no fair value adjustments during the three months ended September 30, 2013 and $4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The fair value adjustments were generally based on appraisals of the underlying collateral and were, therefore, classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Additionally, fair value adjustments on existing loans held for sale were $1 million and $2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, and immaterial and $1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The fair value adjustments were also based on appraisals of the underlying collateral. An adverse change in the fair value of the underlying collateral would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement.
The Accounting Department determines the procedures for valuation of commercial held for sale loans which may include a comparison to recently executed transactions of similar type loans. A monthly review of the portfolio is performed for reasonableness. Quarterly, appraisals approaching a year old are updated and the Real Estate Valuation group, which reports to the Chief Risk and Credit Officer, in conjunction with the Commercial Line of Business review the third party appraisals for reasonableness. Additionally, the Commercial Line of Business Finance Department, which reports to the Bancorp Chief Financial Officer, in conjunction with Accounting review all loan appraisal values, carry values and vintages.
Commercial loans held for investment
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Bancorp recorded nonrecurring impairment adjustments to certain commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage, and commercial construction loans held for investment. Larger commercial loans included within aggregate borrower relationship balances exceeding $1 million that exhibit probable or observed credit weaknesses are subject to individual review for impairment. The Bancorp considers the current value of collateral, credit quality of any guarantees, the guarantor’s liquidity and willingness to cooperate, the loan structure and other factors when evaluating whether an individual loan is impaired. When the loan is collateral dependent, the fair value of the loan is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan and therefore these loans were classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. An adverse change in the fair value of the underlying collateral would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement. In cases where the carrying value exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. The fair values and recognized impairment losses are reflected in the previous table. Commercial Credit Risk, which reports to the Chief Risk and Credit Officer, is responsible for preparing and reviewing the fair value estimates for commercial loans held for investment.
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MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. While sales of MSRs do occur, the precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available. Accordingly, the Bancorp estimates the fair value of MSRs using internal discounted cash flow models with certain unobservable inputs, primarily prepayment speed assumptions, discount rates and weighted average lives, resulting in a classification within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Refer to Note 11 for further information on the assumptions used in the valuation of the Bancorp’s MSRs. The Secondary Marketing Department and Treasury Department are responsible for determining the valuation methodology for MSRs. Representatives from Secondary Marketing, Treasury, Accounting and Risk Management are responsible for reviewing key assumptions used in the internal discounted cash flow model. Two external valuations of the MSR portfolio are obtained from third parties that use valuation models in order to assess the reasonableness of the internal discounted cash flow model. Additionally, the Bancorp participates in peer surveys that provide additional confirmation of the reasonableness of key assumptions utilized in the MSR valuation process and the resulting MSR prices.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Bancorp recorded nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as OREO and measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value. These nonrecurring losses are primarily due to declines in real estate values of the properties recorded in OREO. These losses include $3 million and $9 million in losses, recorded as charge-offs, on new OREO properties transferred from loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, and $3 million and $17 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. These losses also include an immaterial amount and $13 million in losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, and $5 million and $20 million in losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, recorded as negative fair value adjustments on OREO in other noninterest income subsequent to their transfer from loans. As discussed in the following paragraphs, the fair value amounts are generally based on appraisals of the property values, resulting in a classification within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized. The previous tables reflect the fair value measurements of the properties before deducting the estimated costs to sell.
The Real Estate Valuation department, which reports to the Chief Risk and Credit Officer, is solely responsible for managing the appraisal process and evaluating the appraisal for all for commercial properties transferred to OREO. All appraisals on commercial OREO properties are updated on at least an annual basis.
The Real Estate Valuation department reviews the BPO data and internal market information to determine the initial charge-off on residential real estate loans transferred to OREO. Once the foreclosure process is completed, the Bancorp performs an interior inspection to update the initial fair value of the property. These properties are reviewed at least every 30 days after the initial interior inspections are completed. The Asset Manager receives a monthly status report for each property which includes the number of showings, recently sold properties, current comparable listings and overall market conditions.
Bank Premises
The Bancorp monitors consumer preferences for banking interactions and related customer behavior patterns in an effort to ensure that its retail distribution network is both responsive to such trends and efficient. As part of this ongoing assessment, the Bancorp determined that certain components of its Bank Premises would no longer be held for or used for their intended purposes and therefore these properties were written down to their lower of cost or market value. At least annually thereafter, the Bancorp will review these properties for market fluctuations. The fair value amounts were generally based on appraisals of the property values, resulting in a classification within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. For further information, see Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value Option
The Bancorp elected to measure certain residential mortgage loans held for sale under the fair value option as allowed under U.S. GAAP. Electing to measure residential mortgage loans held for sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets. Management’s intent to sell residential mortgage loans classified as held for sale may change over time due to such factors as changes in the overall liquidity in markets or changes in characteristics specific to certain loans held for sale. Consequently, these loans may be reclassified to loans held for investment and maintained in the Bancorp’s loan portfolio. In such cases, the loans will continue to be measured at fair value.
Fair value changes recognized in earnings for instruments held at September 30, 2014 and 2013 for which the fair value option was elected, as well as the changes in fair value of the underlying IRLCs, included gains of $23 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and included gains of $56 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. These gains are reported in mortgage banking net revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Valuation adjustments related to instrument-specific credit risk for residential mortgage loans measured at fair value negatively impacted the fair value of those loans by $2 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Interest on residential mortgage loans measured at fair value is accrued as it is earned using the effective interest method and is reported as interest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
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The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for residential mortgage loans measured at fair value as of:
Residential mortgage loans measured at fair value
Past due loans of 90 days or more
Nonaccrual loans
Fair Value of Certain Financial Instruments
The following tables summarize the carrying amounts and estimated fair values for certain financial instruments, excluding financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Financial assets:
Other securities
Loans held for sale
Unallocated allowance for loan and lease losses
Total portfolio loans and leases, net
Financial liabilities:
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Cash and due from banks, other securities, other short-term investments, deposits, federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings
For financial instruments with a short-term or no stated maturity, prevailing market rates and limited credit risk, carrying amounts approximate fair value. Those financial instruments include cash and due from banks, FHLB and FRB restricted stock, other short-term investments, certain deposits (demand, interest checking, savings, money market and foreign office deposits), federal funds purchased, and other short-term borrowings excluding FHLB borrowings. Fair values for other time deposits, certificates of deposit $100,000 and over and FHLB borrowings were estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies prevailing LIBOR/swap rates and a spread for new issuances with similar terms.
The Bancorp’s held-to-maturity securities are primarily composed of instruments that provide income tax credits as the economic return on the investment. The fair value of these instruments is estimated based on current U.S. Treasury tax credit rates.
Fair values for commercial loans held for sale were valued based on executable bids when available, or on discounted cash flow models incorporating appraisals of the underlying collateral, as well as assumptions about investor return requirements and amounts and timing of expected cash flows. Fair values for other consumer loans held for sale are based on contractual values upon which the loans may be sold to a third party, and approximate their carrying value.
Fair values were estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current market rates of loans to borrowers with similar credit characteristics, similar remaining maturities, prepayment speeds, and loss severities.
Fair value of long-term debt was based on quoted market prices, when available, or a discounted cash flow calculation using LIBOR/swap interest rates and, in some cases, Fifth Third credit and/or debt instrument spreads for new issuances with similar terms.
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23. Business Segments
The Bancorp reports on four business segments: Commercial Banking, Branch Banking, Consumer Lending and Investment Advisors. Results of the Bancorp’s business segments are presented based on its management structure and management accounting practices. The structure and accounting practices are specific to the Bancorp; therefore, the financial results of the Bancorp’s business segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information for other financial institutions. The Bancorp refines its methodologies from time to time as management’s accounting practices and businesses change.
The Bancorp manages interest rate risk centrally at the corporate level by employing an FTP methodology. This methodology insulates the business segments from interest rate volatility, enabling them to focus on serving customers through loan originations and deposit taking. The FTP system assigns charge rates and credit rates to classes of assets and liabilities, respectively, based on expected duration and the U.S. swap curve. Matching duration allocates interest income and interest expense to each segment so its resulting net interest income is insulated from interest rate risk. In a rising rate environment, the Bancorp benefits from the widening spread between deposit costs and wholesale funding costs. However, the Bancorp’s FTP system credits this benefit to deposit-providing businesses, such as Branch Banking and Investment Advisors, on a duration-adjusted basis. The net impact of the FTP methodology is captured in General Corporate and Other.
The Bancorp adjusts the FTP charge and credit rates as dictated by changes in interest rates for various interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and by the review of the estimated durations for the indeterminate-lived deposits. The credit rate provided for demand deposit accounts is reviewed annually based upon the account type, its estimated duration and the corresponding fed funds, U.S. swap curve or swap rate. The credit rates for several deposit products were reset January 1, 2014 to reflect the current market rates and updated market assumptions. These rates were generally higher than those in place during 2013, thus net interest income for deposit providing businesses was positively impacted during 2014.
The business segments are charged provision expense based on the actual net charge-offs experienced by the loans and leases owned by each segment. Provision expense attributable to loan and lease growth and changes in ALLL factors are captured in General Corporate and Other. The financial results of the business segments include allocations for shared services and headquarters expenses. Even with these allocations, the financial results are not necessarily indicative of the business segments’ financial condition and results of operations as if they existed as independent entities. Additionally, the business segments form synergies by taking advantage of cross-sell opportunities and when funding operations, by accessing the capital markets as a collective unit.
The following is a description of each of the Bancorp’s business segments, and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases.
Branch Banking provides a full range of deposit and loan and lease products to individuals and small businesses through 1,308 full-service Banking Centers. Branch Banking offers depository and loan products, such as checking and savings accounts, home equity loans and lines of credit, credit cards and loans for automobiles and other personal financing needs, as well as products designed to meet the specific needs of small businesses, including cash management services.
Consumer Lending includes the Bancorp’s mortgage, home equity, automobile and other indirect lending activities. Mortgage and home equity lending activities include the origination, retention and servicing of mortgage, automobile and home equity loans or lines of credit, sales and securitizations of those loans, pools of loans or lines of credit, and all associated hedging activities. Indirect lending activities include extending loans to consumers through correspondent lenders and automobile dealers.
Investment Advisors provides a full range of investment alternatives for individuals, companies and not-for-profit organizations. Investment Advisors is made up of four main businesses: FTS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bancorp; ClearArc Capital, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bancorp; Fifth Third Private Bank; and Fifth Third Institutional Services. FTS offers full service retail brokerage services to individual clients and broker dealer services to the institutional marketplace. ClearArc Capital, Inc. provides asset management services and previously advised the Bancorp’s proprietary family of mutual funds. Fifth Third Private Bank offers holistic strategies to affluent clients in wealth planning, investing, insurance and wealth protection. Fifth Third Institutional Services provides advisory services for institutional clients including states and municipalities.
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Results of operations and assets by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are:
Three months ended September 30, 2014
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses
Total goodwill
116
Three months ended September 30, 2013
117
Nine months ended September 30, 2014
Net interest income after provision for loan
and lease losses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Applicable income tax expense (benefit)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bancorp
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders
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Nine months ended September 30, 2013
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24. Subsequent Events
On October 20, 2014, the Bancorp entered into an accelerated share repurchase transaction with a counterparty pursuant to which the Bancorp purchased 8,337,875 shares, or approximately $180 million, of its outstanding common stock on October 23, 2014. The Bancorp repurchased the shares of its common stock as part of its Board approved 100 million share repurchase program previously announced on March 18, 2014. The Bancorp expects the settlement of the transaction to occur on or before January 21, 2015.
On October 29, 2014, the Bancorp transferred approximately $1.0 billion in fixed-rate consumer automobile loans to a bankruptcy remote trust which was deemed to be a VIE. The primary purposes for which the VIE was created were to issue asset-backed securities with varying levels of credit subordination and payment priority, as well as residual interests, and to provide the Bancorp with access to liquidity for its originated loans. The Bancorp retained residual interests in the VIE and, therefore, has an obligation to absorb losses and a right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In addition, the Bancorp retained servicing rights for the underlying loans and, therefore, holds the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE. As a result, the Bancorp concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and, therefore, will consolidate this VIE in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. The assets of the VIE are restricted to the settlement of the notes and other obligations of the VIE. Third-party holders of the notes do not have recourse to the general assets of the Bancorp.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Refer to Note 17 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 for information regarding legal proceedings.
There have been no material changes made during the third quarter of 2014 to any of the risk factors as previously disclosed in the Registrant’s periodic securities filings.
Refer to the “Capital Management” section within Management’s Discussion and Analysis in Part I, Item 2 for information regarding purchases and sales of equity securities by the Bancorp during the third quarter of 2014.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities (Item 3)
None.
Mine Safety Disclosures (Item 4)
Not applicable.
Other Information (Item 5)
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Fifth Third Bancorp
/s/ Tayfun Tuzun
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
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