Companies: 10,793     total market cap: $139.375 T
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First Western Financial
MYFW
#8260
Rank
$0.25 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$26.49
Share price
-0.97%
Change (1 day)
50.43%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. First Western Financial
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Submitted on 2023-05-05

First Western Financial - 10-Q quarterly report FY


Text size:
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission File Number 001-38595
_________________________________________
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________________
Colorado37-1442266
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1900 16th Street, Suite 1200
Denver, CO
80202
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 303.531.8100
_________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par valueMYFWThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filerx
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company
x
Emerging growth company
x
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). o Yes x No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Shares outstanding as of
May 2, 2023
Common Stock, no par value9,537,688
1
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Important Notice about Information in this Quarterly Report
Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report to "we," "our," "us," "the Company" and "First Western" refer to First Western Financial, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including First Western Trust Bank, which we sometimes refer to as "the Bank" or "our Bank."
The information contained in this Quarterly Report is accurate only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and as of the dates specified herein.
3
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as "may," "should," "could," "predict," "potential," "believe," "will likely result," "expect," "continue," "will," "anticipate," "seek," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "projection," "would" and "outlook, " or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control, particularly with regard to developments related to soundness of other financial institutions. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:
•geographic concentration in Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, Montana, and California;
•the soundness of other financial institutions;
•changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity;
•risks associated with higher inflation;
•changes in interest rates;
•weak economic conditions and global trade;
•our ability to continue to originate residential real estate loans and sell such loans;
•risks specific to commercial loans and borrowers;
•claims and litigation pertaining to our fiduciary responsibilities;
•the soundness of certain securities brokerage firms;
•competition for investment managers and professionals and our ability to retain our associates;
•fluctuation in the value of our investment securities;
•the terminable nature of our investment management contracts;
•changes to the level or type of investment activity by our clients;
•investment performance, in either relative or absolute terms;
•legislative changes or the adoption of tax reform policies;
•external business disruptors in the financial services industry;
•the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses;
•liquidity risks;
•our ability to maintain a strong core deposit base or other low-cost funding sources;
•continued positive interaction with and financial health of our referral sources;
•retaining our largest trust clients;
•our ability to achieve our strategic objectives;
•competition from other banks, financial institutions and wealth and investment management firms;
•our ability to implement our internal growth strategy and manage the risks associated with our anticipated growth;
4
•the acquisition of other banks and financial services companies and integration risks and other unknown risks associated with acquisitions;
•the accuracy of estimates and assumptions;
•our ability to protect against and manage fraudulent activity, breaches of our information security, and cybersecurity attacks;
•our reliance on communications, information, operating and financial control systems technology and related services from third-party service providers;
•technological change;
•our ability to attract and retain clients;
•unforeseen or catastrophic events, including pandemics, terrorist attacks, extreme weather events or other natural disasters;
•new lines of business or new products and services;
•regulation of the financial services industry;
•legal and regulatory proceedings, investigations and inquiries, fines and sanctions;
•limited trading volume and liquidity in the market for our common stock;
•fluctuations in the market price of our common stock;
•actual or anticipated issuances or sales of our common stock or preferred stock in the future;
•the initiation and continuation of securities analysts coverage of the Company;
•potential impairment of goodwill recorded on our balance sheet and possible requirements to recognize significant charges to earnings due to impairment of intangible assets;
•future issuances of debt securities;
•our ability to manage our existing and future indebtedness;
•available cash flows from the Bank; and
•other factors that are discussed in "Item 1A - Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in the section titled Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 15, 2023. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
5
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share amounts)
March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks$6,920 $4,926 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions288,147 191,586 
Total cash and cash equivalents295,067 196,512 
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $71 and $0, (fair value of $73,570 and $74,718, respectively)
79,565 81,056 
Correspondent bank stock, at cost13,222 7,110 
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value9,873 8,839 
Loans held for sale, at fair value— 1,965 
Loans (includes $20,807 and $23,321 measured at fair value, respectively)
2,469,038 2,469,413 
Allowance for credit losses(19,843)(17,183)
Loans, net2,449,195 2,452,230 
Premises and equipment, net25,383 25,118 
Accrued interest receivable10,976 10,445 
Accounts receivable4,713 4,873 
Other receivables2,396 1,973 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net32,040 32,104 
Deferred tax assets, net6,792 6,914 
Company-owned life insurance16,242 16,152 
Other assets23,043 21,457 
Total assets$2,968,507 $2,866,748 
Liabilities  
Deposits:  
Noninterest-bearing$545,064 $583,092 
Interest-bearing1,846,863 1,822,137 
Total deposits2,391,927 2,405,229 
Borrowings:  
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve borrowings261,385 146,886 
Subordinated notes52,167 52,132 
Accrued interest payable1,786 1,125 
Other liabilities21,420 20,512 
Total liabilities2,728,685 2,625,884 
Shareholders' Equity  
Preferred stock - no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 issued and outstanding
— — 
Common stock - no par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized; 9,507,564 and 9,495,440 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
— — 
Additional paid-in capital191,901 190,494 
Retained earnings49,637 51,887 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(1,716)(1,517)
Total shareholders’ equity239,822 240,864 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,968,507 $2,866,748 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
6
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees$32,080 $19,287 
Loans accounted for under the fair value option427 — 
Investment securities629 337 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions1,403 232 
Dividends, restricted stock173 20 
Total interest and dividend income34,712 19,876 
Interest expense:
Deposits13,092 943 
Other borrowed funds2,060 438 
Total interest expense15,152 1,381 
Net interest income19,560 18,495 
Less: (Release) provision for credit losses(310)210 
Net interest income, after (release) provision for credit losses19,870 18,285 
Non-interest income:
Trust and investment management fees4,635 5,166 
Net gain on mortgage loans1,019 2,303 
Net loss on loans held for sale(178)— 
Bank fees592 671 
Risk management and insurance fees127 109 
Income on company-owned life insurance90 86 
Net gain on equity interests— 1 
Net loss on loans accounted for under the fair value option(543)— 
Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized on equity securities10 (32)
Other67 85 
Total non-interest income5,819 8,389 
Total income before non-interest expense25,689 26,674 
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits13,098 12,058 
Occupancy and equipment1,914 1,882 
Professional services1,923 1,526 
Technology and information systems832 1,046 
Data processing1,139 1,187 
Marketing391 557 
Amortization of other intangible assets64 77 
Net (gain)/loss on assets held for sale— (1)
Other1,167 1,026 
Total non-interest expense20,528 19,358 
Income before income taxes5,161 7,316 
Income tax expense1,341 1,792 
Net income available to common shareholders$3,820 $5,524 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$0.40 $0.59 
Diluted0.39 0.57 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Net income$3,820 $5,524 
Other comprehensive income/(loss) items:
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities— (2,591)
Income tax effect— 638 
Amortization of net unrealized loss for the reclassification of available-for-sale securities transferred to held-to-maturity included in interest income91 — 
Income tax effect(22)— 
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge(268)— 
Total other comprehensive loss items(199)(1,953)
Comprehensive income$3,621 $3,571 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
8
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share amounts)
Shares
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Total
Balance as of January 1, 20229,419,271$188,629 $30,189 $223 $219,041 
Net income—— 5,524 — 5,524 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax—— — (1,953)(1,953)
Settlement of share awards8,225(131)— — (131)
Options exercised2,51158 — — 58 
Stock-based compensation—727 — — 727 
Balance as of March 31, 20229,430,007$189,283 $35,713 $(1,730)$223,266 
Balance as of January 1, 20239,495,440$190,494 $51,887 $(1,517)$240,864 
Cumulative adjustment for day one adoption of ASU 2016-13, net of tax(1)
—— (5,319)— (5,319)
Balance at January 1, 2023 (as adjusted for adoption of ASU 2016-13)9,495,440$190,494 $46,568 $(1,517)$235,545 
Net income—— 3,820 — 3,820 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax and reclassifications—— — (199)(199)
Dissolution of RSI entity(1)
—751 (751)— — 
Settlement of share awards6,364(51)— — (51)
Options exercised5,760115 — — 115 
Stock-based compensation—592 — — 592 
Balance as of March 31, 20239,507,564$191,901 $49,637 $(1,716)$239,822 
(1)Refer to Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
9
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$3,820 $5,524 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Net amortization of investment securities2 27 
Stock dividends received on correspondent bank stock(173)(19)
(Release) provision for credit losses(310)210 
Loss on loans held for sale178 — 
Net gain on mortgage loans(1,019)(2,303)
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale(54,073)(191,081)
Proceeds from mortgage loans54,120 190,528 
Depreciation and amortization582 549 
Net (accretion)/amortization of purchase accounting adjustments142 (452)
Deferred income tax expense310 14 
Increase in cash surrender value of company-owned life insurance(90)(86)
Stock-based compensation592 727 
Change in fair value of equity securities(10)32 
Change in fair value of loans accounted for under the fair value option543 — 
Change in fair value of loans held for sale(466)(667)
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Change in accounts receivable164 288 
Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets(565)(1,623)
Change in accrued interest payable and other liabilities(2,772)(3,183)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities975 (1,515)
Cash flows from investing activities
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Maturities, prepayments, and calls— 3,218 
Purchases— (9,000)
Activity in held-to-maturity securities:
Maturities, prepayments, and calls1,510 — 
Purchases of correspondent bank stock(16,324)— 
Redemption of correspondent bank stock10,385 986 
Contributions to low-income housing tax credit investments— (214)
Loan and note receivable originations and principal collections, net(37,897)31,329 
Purchases of premises and equipment(795)(45)
Proceeds from loans held for sale previously classified as loans held for investment40,602 — 
Purchases of loans(1,162)(6,380)
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities(3,681)19,894 
Cash flows from financing activities  
Net change in deposits(13,302)66,438 
Payments to Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings(650,401)— 
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings578,902 — 
Payments to Federal Reserve borrowings(105,494)(11,053)
Proceeds from Federal Reserve borrowings291,492 — 
Payments on subordinated notes— (6,575)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options115 58 
Settlement of share awards(51)(131)
Net cash provided by financing activities101,261 48,737 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents98,555 67,116 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year196,512 386,983 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$295,067 $454,099 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds$14,491 $1,424 
Income tax (refund) payment (12)— 
Cash paid for lease liabilities816 1,462 
Supplemental noncash disclosures:
Transfer of loans held for investment to loans held for sale39,221 — 
Adoption of ASU 2016-135,319 — 
Dissolution of RSI entity751 — 
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities — (2,591)
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
10
FIRST WESTERN FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business and Basis of Presentation: The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Western Financial, Inc. ("FWFI"), incorporated in Colorado on July 18, 2002, and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries listed below (collectively referred to as the "Company," "we," "us," or "our").
FWFI is a bank holding company with financial holding company status registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FWFI wholly owns the following subsidiary: First Western Trust Bank (the "Bank"). The Bank wholly owns First Western Merger Corporation ("Merger Corp"), which is therefore indirectly wholly-owned by FWFI. RRI, LLC ("RRI"), which was wholly owned by the Bank, was dissolved on February 3, 2023. Ryder, Stilwell Inc. ("RSI"), which was wholly owned by FWFI, was dissolved on March 21, 2023.
The Company provides a fully-integrated suite of wealth management services including: private banking, personal trust, investment management, mortgage loans, and institutional asset management services to individual and corporate clients principally in Colorado (metro Denver, Aspen, Boulder, Fort Collins, and Vail Valley), Arizona (Phoenix and Scottsdale), California (Century City), Montana (Bozeman), and Wyoming (Jackson, Pinedale, and Rock Springs). The Company’s revenues are generated from its full range of product offerings as noted above, but principally from net interest income (the interest income earned on the Bank’s assets net of funding costs), fee-based wealth advisory, investment management, asset management and personal trust services, and net gains earned on mortgage loans.
The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The December 31, 2022 condensed consolidated balance sheet has been derived from the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments that were recurring in nature and considered necessary have been included for fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023. In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could be significantly different from those estimates.
The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC.
Consolidation: The Company’s policy is to consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest and variable-interest entities where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Business Combinations and Divestitures: Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total consideration transferred in connection with the acquisition is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity based on fair values. Goodwill acquired in connection with business combinations represents the excess of consideration transferred over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Certain assumptions and estimates are used in evaluating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These estimates may be affected by factors, such as changing market conditions or changes in government regulations.
Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. Information available which could affect these judgments include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the performance of the economy, and changes in the financial condition of borrowers. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the evaluation of goodwill impairment, and the fair value of certain financial instruments.
Concentration of Credit Risk: Most of the Company’s lending activity is to clients located in and around metro Denver, Aspen, Fort Collins, and Vail, Colorado; Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona; Bozeman, Montana; and Jackson, Wyoming. The Company does not believe it has significant concentrations in any one industry or customer. As of
11
March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 79.5% and 77.9%, respectively, of the Company’s loan portfolio was secured by real estate collateral. Declines in real estate values in the primary markets the Company operates in could negatively impact the Company.
Derivatives: At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of three types based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness of a hedge. These three types are as follows:
•Fair Value Hedge: a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment. For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change.
•Cash Flow Hedge: a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.
•Stand-alone derivative: an instrument with no hedging designation. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported currently in earnings, as non-interest income.
Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in non-interest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement in the same line as the cash flows of the items being hedged.
The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitments is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended.
Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Commitments to fund mortgage loans, interest rate lock commitments ("IRLC"), and forward sale commitments ("FSC"), to be sold in the secondary market for the future delivery of these loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. The fair value of the IRLC is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. The Company sells mortgage loans to third party investors at the best execution available which includes best efforts, mandatory, and bulk bids. Loans committed under mandatory or bulk bid are considered FSC and qualify as financial derivatives. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on the change in the loan pricing from the date of the commitment to the period end date for any unsettled commitments. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
In order to manage the interest rate risk on our uncommitted IRLC and mortgage loans held for sale pipeline, the Company enters into mortgage derivative financial instruments called To Be Announced ("TBA"), which we refer to as forward commitments. TBA agreements are forward contracts to purchase mortgage backed securities ("MBS") that will be issued by a US Government Sponsored Enterprise. The Bank purchases or sells these derivatives to offset the changes in value of our mortgage loans held for sale and IRLC adjusted pipeline where we have exposure to interest rate volatility. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Revenue Recognition: In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), Revenue Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606"), trust and investment management fees are earned by providing trust and investment services to customers. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is satisfied over time as the services are provided. Fees are recognized monthly based on the average monthly value of the assets under management and the corresponding fee rate based on the terms of the contract. Receivables are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in the Accounts receivable line item. Income related to trust and investment management fees, bank fees, and risk management and insurance fees on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are considered in scope of Topic 606.
12
Transition of LIBOR to an Alternative Reference Rate: In July 2017, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), announced that after 2022 it will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR. In response, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York convened the Alternative Reference Rates Committee and on February 27, 2023 the Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule establishing the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as the replacement rate index for LIBOR. SOFR is based on a broad segment of the overnight Treasury repurchase market and is intended to be a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by Treasury securities.
On December 21, 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform
(Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. ASU 2022-06 extends the period of time financial statement preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance through December 31, 2024.
Certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities are indexed to LIBOR, with exposure extending beyond December 31, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating and planning for the replacement of the LIBOR benchmark interest rate, including the transition to SOFR as the replacement. In general, the transition away from LIBOR may result in increased market risk, credit risk, operational risk and business risk for the Company. The Company has developed a LIBOR transition plan, which addresses governance, risk management, legal, operational, systems, fallback language, and other aspects of planning. The company no longer originates LIBOR indexed loans and is working on transitioning existing LIBOR loans to SOFR. Consumer indexed loans are being managed in accordance with Interagency Guidance.
Bank Term Funding Program: On March 12, 2023 in response to two large bank failures, the Federal Reserve Board announced it would make additional funding available to eligible depository institutions to help assure banks have the ability to meet the needs of depositors. The additional funding will be made available through the creation of a new Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”), offering loans of up to one year in length to banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other eligible depository institutions pledging U.S. Treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets valued at par as collateral. The BTFP is meant to be an additional resource of liquidity against high-quality securities, eliminating an institutions need to quickly sell those securities in times of stress.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company has pledged $29.4 million in securities under the BTFP and borrowed $32.1 million with a maturity date of March 27, 2024. The rate for the borrowing is based on the one year overnight swap rate plus 10 basis points and is fixed over the term of the advanced based on the date of the advance. See Note 7 - Borrowings for details on the Company’s borrowings.
Reclassifications: Certain items in prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income or total shareholders’ equity.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements: The following reflects recent accounting pronouncements that were adopted by the Company since the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on the financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. ASU 2016-13 was set to be effective for most public companies on January 1, 2020. However, at the October 16, 2019 FASB meeting, the FASB voted unanimously to delay the effective date of CECL adoption for smaller reporting companies ("SRCs") to January 1, 2023.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method with no adjustments to prior period comparative financial statements for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposure as well as held to maturity securities. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether modifications to individual acquired financial assets accounted for in pools were troubled debt restructurings as of the date of adoption. Upon adoption the Company recorded a decrease to retained earnings of $5.3 million, net of tax. The total transition adjustment prior to the tax impact included $3.5 million related to allowance for credit losses on loans, $3.5 million related to off-balance sheet commitments, and $0.1 million related to held-to-maturity securities. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASU 2016-13 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.
The following table illustrates the day one adoption impact of ASU 2016-13 (dollars in thousands):
13
Balance at January 1, 2023 (before adjustment)Cumulative effect adjustment amountBalance January 1, 2023 (after adjustment)
Assets
Allowance for credit losses: loans$(17,183)$(3,470)$(20,653)
Allowance for credit losses: held-to-maturity securities— (71)(71)
Deferred tax assets, net6,914 1,703 8,617 
Liabilities
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet exposures419 3,481 3,900 
Shareholders’ Equity
Retained earnings, net of tax51,887 (5,319)46,568 

Allowance for credit losses - loans: The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The ACL excludes loans held for sale and loans accounted for under the fair value option. The Company elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivables, as we write off applicable accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner when a loan is placed on non-accrual status, in which any accrued but uncollected interest is reversed from current income. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Actual Company and regional peer historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The Company identified and grouped portfolio segments based on risk characteristics and underlying collateral. The call code for each financial asset type was assessed and, where appropriate, expanded for certain call codes into separate segments based on risk characteristics.

ACL for pooled loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology using the amortized cost basis (excluding interest) for all loans modeled within a performing pool of loans. The DCF analysis pairs loan-level term information, for example, maturity date, payment amount, interest rate, with top-down pool assumptions such as default rates, prepayment speeds, to produce individual expected cash flows for every instrument in the segment. The results are then aggregated to produce segment level results and reserve requirements for each segment.

The quantitative DCF model also incorporates forward-looking macroeconomic information over a reasonable and supportable period of two years. Subsequent to two year period, the Company reverts to its historical loss rate and historical prepayment and curtailment speeds on a straight-line basis over a one year reversion period.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the pooled loan evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
Qualitative adjustments to historical loss data are made based on management’s assessment of the risks that may lead to a future loan loss or differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, changes in environmental and economic conditions, or other relevant factors.
Allowance for credit losses - held-to-maturity securities: Held-to maturity securities are carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. The majority of our held-to-maturity investment portfolio consists of securities issues by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. With respect to these securities, we consider the risk of credit loss to be zero and, therefore, we have elected the practical expedient to not record an ACL for these securities. The Company's non-government backed securities include private label CMO and MBS and bank subordinated debt. Private label refers to private institutions such as brokerage firms, banks, and home builders, that also securitize mortgages.

Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management classifies the held-to-maturity portfolio into the follow major security types: Corporate bonds and Corporate CMO and MBS.
14
Allowance for credit losses - off-balance sheet credit exposures: The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through the Provision for credit losses and is recorded in Other liabilities. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The probability of funding is based on historical utilization statistics for unfunded loan commitments. The loss rates used are calculated using the same assumptions as the associated funded balance.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326); Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) and Vintage Disclosures. This ASU was effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. The amendments eliminate the TDR recognition and measurement guidance and instead require an entity to evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan (consistent with accounting for other modifications). The amendments also enhance existing disclosure requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 3 - Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses for additional information on the required disclosures.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements, not yet adopted: The following reflects pending pronouncements with an update to the expected impact since the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

On March 29, 2023 the FASB issued ASU 2023-02 Investments in Tax Structures which changes the accounting methodology to allow proportional amortization method to be expanded beyond investments in low income tax housing tax credits (“LIHTC”) structures. This guidance is effective January 1, 2024 and currently the Company does not have any investments that would be impacted but will evaluate as other investments are considered as early adoption is permitted.
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. This was issued to clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security and to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance on our existing equity securities. This guidance is effective for the Company in fiscal years after December 15, 2023.
NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The following presents the amortized cost and fair value of securities held-to-maturity and the corresponding amounts of gross unrecognized gains and losses as of the date noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrecognized
Gains
Gross
Unrecognized
Losses
Fair
Value
Allowance for
Credit Losses(1)
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$245 $— $(7)$238 $— 
Corporate bonds23,780 — (2,674)21,106 (71)
GNMA mortgage-backed securities – residential38,465 — (2,480)35,985 — 
FNMA mortgage-backed securities – residential6,554 — (427)6,127 — 
Government CMO and MBS - commercial6,540 12 (324)6,228 — 
Corporate CMO and MBS4,052 — (166)3,886 — 
Total securities held-to-maturity$79,636 $12 $(6,078)$73,570 $(71)
(1) Refer to Note 1—Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information on our credit loss methodology.

15
December 31, 2022
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrecognized
Gains
Gross
Unrecognized
Losses
Fair
Value
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$243 $— $(9)$234 
Corporate bonds23,819 — (2,453)21,366 
GNMA mortgage-backed securities – residential39,426 — (2,800)36,626 
FNMA mortgage-backed securities – residential6,708 — (506)6,202 
Government CMO and MBS - commercial6,786 13 (403)6,396 
Corporate CMO and MBS4,074 — (180)3,894 
Total securities held-to-maturity$81,056 $13 $(6,351)$74,718 
The Company reassessed classification of investment securities and, effective April 1, 2022, elected to transfer all securities, fair valued at $58.7 million, from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The related unrealized loss of $2.3 million included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on April 1, 2022 remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss and is being amortized out with an offsetting entry to interest income as a yield adjustment through earnings over the remaining term of the securities. No gain or loss was recorded at the time of transfer.
As of March 31, 2023, the amortized cost and estimated fair value of held-to-maturity securities have contractual maturity dates shown in the table below (dollars in thousands). Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.
March 31, 2023Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Due within one year$— $— 
Due between one year and five years2,236 2,020 
Due between five years and ten years21,531 19,080 
Due after ten years258 244 
Securities (CMO and MBS)55,611 52,226 
Total$79,636 $73,570 
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company committed $6.0 million in total to two bank technology funds. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company made $0.3 million in contributions to the partnerships. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company made $1.3 million in contributions to both partnerships and received a $0.1 million return on investment. As of March 31, 2023, the Company held a balance of $1.6 million, which is included in Other assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company may be obligated to invest up to an additional $4.4 million in future contributions.
In 2014, the Company began investing in a small business investment company ("SBIC") fund administered by the Small Business Administration. The Company made $0.2 million in contributions to the SBIC fund during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not make any contributions to the SBIC fund and received a $0.1 million return of capital. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held a balance of $2.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in the SBIC fund, which is included in Other assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company may be obligated to invest up to an additional $0.8 million in future SBIC investments.
As of March 31, 2023, securities with market values totaling $51.6 million were pledged to secure various public deposits and credit facilities of the Company, including $29.4 million pledged under the BTFP program (refer to Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information on the BTFP program). As of December 31, 2022, securities with carrying values $22.6 million were pledged to secure various public deposits and credit facilities of the Company.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity.
16
The following presents securities with unrecognized losses aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrecognized loss position as of the date noted (dollars in thousands, before tax):
Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
March 31, 2023Fair
Value		Unrecognized
Losses		Fair
Value		Unrecognized
Losses		Fair
Value		Unrecognized
Losses
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$— $— $238 $(7)$238 $(7)
Corporate bonds7,135 (643)13,971 (2,031)21,106 (2,674)
GNMA mortgage-backed securities – residential17,549 (593)18,436 (1,887)35,985 (2,480)
FNMA mortgage-backed securities – residential5,360 (380)767 (47)6,127 (427)
Government CMO and MBS - commercial5,480 (324)— — 5,480 (324)
Corporate CMO and MBS2,856 (68)1,030 (98)3,886 (166)
Total$38,380 $(2,008)$34,442 $(4,070)$72,822 $(6,078)

Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
December 31, 2022Fair
Value		Unrecognized
Losses		Fair
Value		Unrecognized
Losses		Fair
Value		Unrecognized
Losses
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$— $— $234 $(9)$234 $(9)
Corporate bonds20,911 (2,436)455 (17)21,366 (2,453)
GNMA mortgage-backed securities – residential22,371 (1,051)14,255 (1,749)36,626 (2,800)
FNMA mortgage-backed securities - residential6,202 (506)— — 6,202 (506)
Government CMO and MBS - commercial5,591 (403)— — 5,591 (403)
Corporate CMO and MBS3,499 (147)395 (33)3,894 (180)
Total$58,574 $(4,543)$15,339 $(1,808)$73,913 $(6,351)
The Company did not sell any securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Allowance for Credit Losses for HTM Securities

Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The majority of our held-to-maturity investment portfolio consists of securities issues by U.S. government entities and agencies and we consider the risk of credit loss to be zero and, therefore, we do not record an ACL. The Company's non-government backed securities include private label CMO and MBS and bank subordinated debt. Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities totaled $0.5 million at March 31, 2023 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Refer to Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the Company’s methodology on estimating credit losses. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held-to-maturity by major security type for the three months ended March 31, 2023:
17
March 31, 2023Corporate BondsCorporate CMO
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$— $— 
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption(1)
71 — 
Provision for credit losses— — 
Securities charged-off (recoveries)— — 
Total ending allowance balance$71 $— 
(1) Refer to Note 1—Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information on our credit loss methodology.

The Company monitors the credit quality of held-to-maturity securities on a quarterly basis. As of March 31, 2023, there were no held-to-maturity securities past due or on nonaccrual.
NOTE 3 - LOANS AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new CECL standard, ASU 2016-13, using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost. For comparability, the Company has adjusted certain prior period amounts to conform to the current presentation under CECL. Refer to Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information related to the Company’s methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses.
The following presents a summary of the Company’s loans at amortized cost as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
Cash, Securities, and Other$157,264 $165,559 
Consumer and Other(1)
42,503 49,391 
Construction and Development281,281 285,627 
1-4 Family Residential891,639 899,722 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE533,218 493,134 
Owner Occupied CRE221,709 214,189 
Commercial and Industrial341,424 361,791 
Total loans held for investment2,469,038 2,469,413 
Allowance for credit losses(19,843)(17,183)
Loans, net$2,449,195 $2,452,230 
______________________________________
(1)Includes $21.1 million and $23.4 million of unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment measured at fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Includes fair value adjustments on loans held for investment accounted for under the fair value option.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total loans held for investment included $228.8 million and $230.4 million, respectively, of performing loans purchased through mergers or acquisitions. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Consumer and Other included $21.1 million and $23.4 million, respectively, of unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment measured at fair value. See Note 13 – Fair Value.
As of March 31, 2023, the Cash, Securities, and Other portion of the loan portfolio included $6.0 million of SBA Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans, or 3.8% of the total category. As of December 31, 2022, the Cash, Securities, and Other portion of the loan portfolio included $6.9 million of PPP loans, or 4.2% of the total category.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s Commercial and Industrial loans included four Main Street Lending Program (“MSLP”) loans with the net carrying amount of $5.4 million, or 1.6% of the total category. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s Commercial and Industrial loans included five MSLP loans with the net carrying amount of $5.9 million, or 1.6% of the total category.
18
Loan Modifications
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, a loan modification program was designed and implemented to assist our clients experiencing financial stress resulting from the economic impacts caused by the global pandemic. The Company offered loan extensions, temporary payment moratoriums, and financial covenant waivers for commercial and consumer borrowers impacted by the pandemic who have a pass risk rating and have not been delinquent over 30 days on payments in the last two years.
In 2021, the deferral period ended for all non-acquired loans previously modified and payments resumed under the original terms. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s loan portfolio included 45 non-acquired loans which were previously modified under the loan modification program, totaling $76.4 million. Through the Teton Acquisition, the Company acquired loans which were previously modified and are no longer in their deferral period. As of March 31, 2023, there were 14 of these loans, totaling $3.1 million.
All loans modified in response to COVID-19 are classified as performing and pass rated as of March 31, 2023. These loans are included in the allowance for credit loss general reserve in accordance with ASU 2016-13. Management has increased our loan level reviews and portfolio monitoring to address the changing environment. Management believes the diversity of the loan portfolio is prudent and remains consistent with the credit culture and goals of the Bank.
Interest accrued during the modification term on modified loans is deferred to the end of the loan term. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
19
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 there were no loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and the Company had not committed any additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
The following presents, by class, an aging analysis of the amortized cost basis in loans past due as of the date noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 202330-59
Days
Past Due		60-89
Days
Past Due		90 or
More Days
Past Due		Total
Loans
Past Due		CurrentTotal
Amortized
Cost
Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option(1)
Total Loans
Cash, Securities, and Other$386 $— $1,726 $2,112 $155,152 $157,264 — $157,264 
Consumer and Other8 8 — 16 21,680 21,696 20,807 42,503 
Construction and Development280 — — 280 281,001 281,281 — 281,281 
1-4 Family Residential— — — — 891,639 891,639 — 891,639 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE4,399 — — 4,399 528,819 533,218 — 533,218 
Owner Occupied CRE— — — — 221,709 221,709 — 221,709 
Commercial and Industrial462 — 13,105 13,567 327,857 341,424 — 341,424 
Total$5,535 $8 $14,831 $20,374 $2,427,857 $2,448,231 $20,807 $2,469,038 

December 31, 202230-59
Days
Past Due		60-89
Days
Past Due		90 or
More Days
Past Due		Total
Loans
Past Due		CurrentTotal Amortized Cost
Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option(1)
Total Loans
Cash, Securities, and Other$1,735 $539 $4 $2,278 $163,281 $165,559 $— $165,559 
Consumer and Other657 5 5 667 25,403 26,070 23,321 49,391 
Construction and Development— — 201 201 285,426 285,627 — 285,627 
1-4 Family Residential1,752 — 5 1,757 897,965 899,722 — 899,722 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE1,071 — — 1,071 492,063 493,134 — 493,134 
Owner Occupied CRE1,165 — — 1,165 213,024 214,189 — 214,189 
Commercial and Industrial4,858 10,648 1,319 16,825 344,966 361,791 — 361,791 
Total$11,238 $11,192 $1,534 $23,964 $2,422,128 $2,446,092 $23,321 $2,469,413 
(1)Refer to Note 13 - Fair Value for additional information on the measurement of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
20
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had two loans, totaling $1.7 million, in the Cash, Securities and Other portfolio and one loan in the Commercial and Industrial portfolio, totaling $3.0 million, that were more than 90 days delinquent and accruing interest. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had one loan, totaling an immaterial amount, in the Commercial and Industrial portfolio that was more than 90 days delinquent and accruing interest.
Non-Accrual Loans
The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan becomes 90 or more days delinquent unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection or renewal due to maturity. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual status or charged off if collection of interest or principal is considered doubtful. The following presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 89 days still accruing by class as of the date noted (dollars in thousands).
As of March 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans with
no ACL		Total nonaccrual loansLoans past due over 89 days still accruing
Cash, Securities, and Other$— $— $1,726 
Consumer and Other— — — 
Construction and Development— — — 
1-4 Family Residential— — — 
Owner Occupied CRE1,135 1,135 — 
Commercial and Industrial(1)
10,741 11,124 3,000 
Total$11,876 $12,259 $4,726 
(1)The Company recorded a specific reserve of $0.2 million on an individually analyzed loan of $0.4 million as of March 31, 2023.
The following presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans by class as of the date noted (dollars in thousands):
As of December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual loans with
no ALLL		Total nonaccrual loansLoans past due over 89 days still accruing
Cash, Securities, and Other$4 $4 $— 
Consumer and Other5 5 — 
Construction and Development201 201 — 
1-4 Family Residential— — — 
Owner Occupied CRE1,165 1,165 — 
Commercial and Industrial10,762 10,762 25 
Total$12,137 $12,137 $25 
(1)The Company did not record a specific reserve on any individually analyzed loans as of December 31, 2022.
The Company recognized an immaterial amount of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Non-accrual loans, excluding loans held for investment measured at fair value, are classified as collateral dependent loans and are individually evaluated. The following presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, by class of loans as of the date noted (dollars in thousands):
21
As of March 31, 2023
Collateral Dependent Loans
Secured by Real EstateSecured by Cash and
Securities		Secured by OtherTotal
Cash, Securities, and Other$— $— $— $— 
Consumer and Other— — — — 
Construction and Development— — — — 
1-4 Family Residential— — — — 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE— — — — 
Owner Occupied CRE1,135 — — 1,135 
Commercial and Industrial— — 11,124 11,124 
Total$1,135 $— $11,124 $12,259 
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Beginning January 1, 2023, the allowance for credit losses for loans is measured on the loan’s amortized cost basis, excluding interest receivable. Interest receivable excluded at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $10.0 million and $9.8 million, respectively, presented in Accrued interest receivable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information related to the Company’s methodology on estimated credit losses.
Allocation of a portion of the allowance for credit losses to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

22
Cash,
Securities
and Other		Consumer
and
Other		Construction
and
Development		1-4
Family
Residential		Non-Owner
Occupied
CRE		Owner
Occupied
CRE		Commercial
and
Industrial		Total
Changes in allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023
Beginning balance, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13
$1,198 $191 $2,025 $6,309 $3,490 $1,510 $2,460 $17,183 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13
193 106 4,681 (2,808)(689)(104)2,091 $3,470 
(Release)/provision for credit losses60 (95)(477)320 (92)(134)(387)(805)
Charge-offs— (17)— — — — — (17)
Recoveries— 11 — — — — 1 12 
Ending balance$1,451 $196 $6,229 $3,821 $2,709 $1,272 $4,165 $19,843 
Allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2023 allocated to loans evaluated:         
Individually$— $— $— $— $— $— $195 $195 
Collectively1,451 196 6,229 3,821 2,709 1,272 3,970 19,648 
Ending balance$1,451 $196 $6,229 $3,821 $2,709 $1,272 $4,165 $19,843 
Loans as of March 31, 2023:        
Individually evaluated$— $— $— $— $— $1,135 $11,124 $12,259 
Collectively evaluated157,264 21,696 281,281 891,639 533,218 220,574 330,300 2,435,972 
Loans held for investment measured at fair value— 20,807 — — — — — 20,807 
Ending balance$157,264 $42,503 $281,281 $891,639 $533,218 $221,709 $341,424 $2,469,038 

23
Cash,
Securities
and Other		Consumer
and
Other		Construction
and
Development		1-4
Family
Residential		Non-Owner
Occupied
CRE		Owner
Occupied
CRE		Commercial
and
Industrial		Total
Changes in allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022
Beginning balance$1,598 $266 $1,092 $3,553 $2,952 $1,292 $2,979 $13,732 
(Release)/provision for loan losses(158)74 (138)236 (85)36 245 210 
Charge-offs— (97)— — — — — (97)
Recoveries— 40 — — — — — 40 
Ending balance$1,440 $283 $954 $3,789 $2,867 $1,328 $3,224 $13,885 
Allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2022 allocated to loans evaluated:        
Individually$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Collectively1,198 191 2,025 6,309 3,490 1,510 2,460 17,183 
Ending balance$1,198 $191 $2,025 $6,309 $3,490 $1,510 $2,460 $17,183 
Loans as of December 31, 2022:        
Individually evaluated$4 $5 $201 $— $— $1,165 $10,762 $12,137 
Collectively evaluated165,555 26,065 285,426 899,722 493,134 213,024 351,029 2,433,955 
Loans held for investment measured at fair value$— $23,321 $— $— $— $— $— $23,321 
Ending balance$165,559 $49,391 $285,627 $899,722 $493,134 $214,189 $361,791 $2,469,413 
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Special Mention—Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness or borrowing relationships that require more than the usual amount of management attention. Adverse industry conditions, deteriorating financial conditions, declining trends, management problems, documentation deficiencies, or other similar weaknesses may be evident. Ability to meet current payment schedules may be questionable, even though interest and principal are still being paid as agreed. The asset has potential weaknesses that may result in deteriorating repayment prospects if left uncorrected. Loans in this risk grade are not considered adversely classified.
Substandard—Substandard loans are considered "classified" and are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans in this category may be placed on non-accrual status and may individually be evaluated.
Doubtful—Loans graded Doubtful are considered "classified" and have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. However, the amount of certainty of eventual loss is not known because of specific pending factors.
Loans accounted for under the fair value option are not rated.
24
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans by credit quality indicator, by class of financing receivable, and year of origination for term loans as of March 31, 2023. For revolving lines of credit that converted to term loans, if the conversion involved a credit decision, such loans are included in the origination year in which the credit decision was made. If revolving lines of credit converted to term loans without a credit decision, such lines of credit are included in the “Revolving lines of credit converted to term” column in the following table.

Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination Year
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Cash, Securities, and Other
Pass$638 $12,929 $23,213 $5,778 $7,127 $19,944 $87,635 $— $157,264 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Not rated— — — — — — — — — 
Total Cash, Securities, and Other$638 $12,929 $23,213 $5,778 $7,127 $19,944 $87,635 $— $157,264 
Current year-to-date gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Consumer and Other
Pass$103 $2,117 $692 $891 $1,264 $29 $16,600 $— $21,696 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Not rated(1)
— 14,959 4,294 1,403 151 — — — 20,807 
Total Consumer and Other$103 $17,076 $4,986 $2,294 $1,415 $29 $16,600 $— $42,503 
Current year-to-date gross write-offs$— $— $— $2 $13 $2 $— $— $17 
Construction and Development
Pass$3,824 $203,543 $50,172 $19,389 $— $— $4,353 $— $281,281 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Not rated— — — — — — — — — 
Total Construction and Development$3,824 $203,543 $50,172 $19,389 $— $— $4,353 $— $281,281 
Current year-to-date gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
25
Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination Year
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
1-4 Family Residential
Pass$12,980 $399,464 $155,127 $117,018 $38,556 $42,728 $125,766 $— $891,639 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Not rated— — — — — — — — — 
Total 1-4 Family Residential$12,980 $399,464 $155,127 $117,018 $38,556 $42,728 $125,766 $— $891,639 
Current year-to-date gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE
Pass$3,272 $203,689 $130,033 $82,161 $24,906 $55,304 $25,133 $— $524,498 
Special mention— — — 5,095 — — — — 5,095 
Substandard— 3,625 — — — — — — 3,625 
Not rated— — — — — — — — — 
Total Non-Owner Occupied CRE$3,272 $207,314 $130,033 $87,256 $24,906 $55,304 $25,133 $— $533,218 
Current year-to-date gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Owner Occupied CRE
Pass$4,542 $47,976 $58,851 $42,285 $5,773 $53,030 $8,117 $— $220,574 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — 1,135 — — — — 1,135 
Not rated— — — — — — — — — 
Total Owner Occupied CRE$4,542 $47,976 $58,851 $43,420 $5,773 $53,030 $8,117 $— $221,709 
Current year-to-date gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial and Industrial
Pass$10,907 $91,110 $47,110 $15,575 $7,235 $13,977 $138,490 $— $324,404 
Special mention— — — 2,896 — — — — 2,896 
Substandard— 8,404 — 635 — 1,099 3,986 — 14,124 
Not rated— — — — — — — — — 
Total Commercial and Industrial$10,907 $99,514 $47,110 $19,106 $7,235 $15,076 $142,476 $— $341,424 
Current year-to-date gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Total$36,266 $987,816 $469,492 $294,261 $85,012 $186,111 $410,080 $— $2,469,038 
(1)Includes loans held for investment measured at fair value as of March 31, 2023. Includes fair value adjustments on loans held for investment accounted for under the fair value option.
26
The following presents, by class and by credit quality indicator, the recorded investment in the Company’s loans as of the date noted (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2022PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardNot RatedTotal
Cash, Securities, and Other$165,555 $— $4 $— $165,559 
Consumer and Other(1)
26,065 — 5 23,321 49,391 
Construction and Development285,426 — 201 — 285,627 
1-4 Family Residential899,722 — — — 899,722 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE493,134 — — — 493,134 
Owner Occupied CRE213,024 — 1,165 — 214,189 
Commercial and Industrial348,844 2,185 10,762 — 361,791 
Total$2,431,770 $2,185 $12,137 $23,321 $2,469,413 
(1)Includes loans held for investment measured at fair value as of December 31, 2022. Includes fair value adjustments on loans held for investment accounted for under the fair value option.
NOTE 4 - GOODWILL
The following presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
Balance, beginning of year$30,400 $30,588 
Acquisition activity— (188)
Balance, end of period$30,400 $30,400 
The Company initially recorded $6.4 million of goodwill as a result of the Teton Acquisition on December 31, 2021. In the first quarter of 2022, goodwill was adjusted by ($0.2) million as a result of the measurement period adjustments.
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment on October 31 or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events.
The goodwill impairment analysis includes the determination of the carrying value of the reporting unit, including the existing goodwill, and estimating the fair value of the reporting unit. If the fair value is less than its carrying amount, goodwill impairment is recognized equal to the difference between the fair value and its carrying amount, not to exceed its carrying amount. As of March 31, 2023, there has not been any impairment of goodwill identified or recorded. Goodwill totaled $30.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
NOTE 5 - LEASES
Leases in which the Company is determined to be the lessee are primarily operating leases comprised of real estate property and office space for our corporate headquarters and profit centers with terms that extend to 2032. In accordance with ASC 842, operating leases are required to be recognized as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding lease liability.
27
The Company elected to not include short-term leases with initial terms of twelve months or less on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following presents the classification of the right-of-use assets and corresponding liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands).
March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
Lease Right-of-Use AssetsClassification
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOther assets$7,951 $8,602 
Lease LiabilitiesClassification
Operating lease liabilitiesOther liabilities$10,346 $11,163 
The Company’s operating lease agreements typically include an option to renew the lease at the Company’s discretion. To the extent the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise the renewal option at the inception of the lease, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. ASC 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease when it is readily determinable. As this rate is typically not readily determinable, at the inception of the lease, the Company uses its collateralized incremental borrowing rate over a similar term. The amount of the right-of-use asset and lease liability are impacted by the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments over the term of the lease.
March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases4.75 years4.85 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases2.59 %2.63 %
The Company’s operating leases contain fixed and variable lease components and it has elected to account for all classes of underlying assets as a single lease component. Variable lease costs primarily represent common area maintenance and parking. The Company recognized lease costs in Occupancy and equipment expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The following presents the Company’s net lease costs during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Lease Costs
Operating lease cost$744 $795 
Variable lease cost493 558 
Lease costs, net$1,237 $1,353 
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The following presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s operating lease liabilities on an annual basis for each of the next five years and total amounts thereafter (dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,Operating Leases
2023⁽¹⁾$2,344 
20243,083 
20252,141 
2026809 
2027734 
Thereafter1,752 
Total future minimum lease payments10,863 
Less: imputed interest(517)
Present value of net future minimum lease payments$10,346 
______________________________________
(1)Amount represents the remaining nine months of year.
Leases in which the Company is determined to be the lessor are considered operating leases and consist of the partial lease of Company owned buildings. In accordance with ASC 842, these leases have been accounted for as operating leases. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.1 million of lease income.
The following presents a maturity analysis of the Company's lease payments to be received on an annual basis for each of the next five years and total amounts thereafter (dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,Undiscounted
Operating Lease Income
2023⁽¹⁾$235 
2024233 
20253 
2026— 
2027— 
Thereafter— 
Total undiscounted operating lease income$471 
______________________________________
(1)Amount represents the remaining nine months of the year.
NOTE 6 - DEPOSITS
The following presents the Company’s interest-bearing deposits as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
Money market deposit accounts$1,277,988 $1,336,092 
Time deposits354,545 224,090 
Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts192,011 234,778 
Savings accounts22,319 27,177 
Total interest-bearing deposits$1,846,863 $1,822,137 
Estimated aggregate time deposits of $250 or greater$90,113 $77,972 
Overdraft balances classified as loans totaled $0.2 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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The following presents the scheduled maturities of all time deposits for each of the next five years and total amounts thereafter (dollars in thousands):
Year ending December 31,Time Deposits
2023(1)
$210,259 
202496,504 
20256,832 
20262,177 
20274,185 
Thereafter34,588 
Total$354,545 
______________________________________
(1)Amount represents the remaining nine months of year.
NOTE 7 - BORROWINGS
The Bank has executed a blanket pledge and security agreement with the FHLB that requires certain loans and securities be pledged as collateral for any outstanding borrowings under the agreement. The collateral pledged as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 amounted to $1.33 billion and $1.26 billion, respectively. Based on this collateral and the Company’s holdings of FHLB stock, the Company was eligible to borrow an additional $717.0 million as of March 31, 2023. Each advance is payable at its maturity date.
On March 12, 2023 the Federal Reserve Board announced it would make additional funding available to eligible depository institutions to help assure banks have the ability to meet the needs of depositors made available through the creation of a new Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”). The BTFP is meant to be an additional resource of liquidity against high-quality securities, eliminating an institutions need to quickly sell those securities in times of stress. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has pledged $29.4 million in securities under the BTFP and borrowed $32.1 million with a maturity date of March 27, 2024. The rate for the borrowing is based on the one year overnight swap rate plus 10 basis points and is fixed over the term of the advanced based on the date of the advance (4.78%).
The following presents the Company’s required maturities on FHLB and FRB borrowings as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
Maturity DateRate %March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
April 1, 2023(1)
4.76 $60,000 $131,498 
April 13, 20234.99 104,712 — 
May 5, 20230.76 10,000 10,000 
August 1, 20235.07 50,000 — 
March 27, 20244.78 32,068 — 
Total $256,780 $141,498 
______________________________________
(1)The borrowing has a one day, automatic daily renewal maturity date, subject to FHLB discretion not to renew.
To bolster the effectiveness of the SBA’s PPP, the Federal Reserve is supplying liquidity to participating financial institutions through term financing collateralized by PPP loans to small businesses. The Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility ("PPPLF") extends credit to eligible financial institutions that originate PPP loans, taking the loans as collateral at face value and bearing interest at 35 bps. The terms of the loans are directly tied to the underlying PPP loans, which were originated at 2 or 5 years. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company utilized $4.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively, under the PPPLF program which is included in the FHLB and Federal Reserve borrowings line of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Bank has borrowing capacity associated with two unsecured federal funds lines of credit up to $10.0 million and $19.0 million. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding on any of the federal funds lines.
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On January 1, 2022, the Company redeemed the subordinated notes due December 31, 2026 in the amount of $6.6 million, which were redeemable on or after January 1, 2022. The redemption price was equal to 100% of the principal amount being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding the date of redemption.
The following presents the Company’s subordinated notes included in the Subordinated notes line of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the periods noted (dollars in thousands):
Issuance DateStated RateInterest PaidMaturityCarrying ValueInitial Debt Issuance Costs
Remaining Net Balance (1)
March 2020
5.125% per annum until 3/31/2025, then alternative rate plus 450 basis points until maturity
Quarterly3/31/2030$8,000 $120 $7,953 
November 2020
4.25% per annum until 12/1/2025, then SOFR plus 402 basis points until maturity
Semi-annual (Quarterly beginning 12/01/25)12/1/203010,000 162 9,882 
August 2021
3.25% per annum until 9/1/2026, then SOFR plus 258 basis points until maturity
Semi-annual (Quarterly beginning 09/01/26)9/1/203115,000 242 14,809 
December 2022
7.00% per annum until December 15, 2027, then SOFR plus 328 basis points until maturity
Semi-annual (Quarterly beginning 12/15/27)12/15/203220,000 506 19,523 
______________________________________
(1)Remaining net balance includes amortization of debt issuance costs.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of interest expense related to the collective subordinated notes. The subordinated notes are included in Tier 2 capital under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations, subject to limitations.
The Company’s borrowing facilities include various financial and other covenants, including, but not limited to, a requirement that the Bank maintains regulatory capital that is deemed "well capitalized" by federal banking agencies. See Note 17 – Regulatory Capital Matters for additional information. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the covenant requirements.
NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is party to credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Commitments may expire without being utilized. The Company’s exposure to loan loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments, although material losses are not anticipated. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
The following presents the Company’s financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk, as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Fixed RateVariable RateFixed RateVariable Rate
Unused lines of credit$207,561 $613,346 $211,285 $601,202 
Standby letters of credit8,809 14,189 8,571 16,737 
Commitments to make loans to sell40,210 — 13,553 — 
Commitments to make loans13,398 12,895 20,895 81,663 
Unused lines of credit are agreements to lend to a client as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Several of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the client.
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Unused lines of credit under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines, and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing clients. These lines of credit are uncollateralized and usually do not contain a specified maturity date and may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which the Company is committed.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a client’s obligation to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Substantially all letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to clients. The Company holds collateral supporting those commitments if deemed necessary.
Commitments to make loans to sell are agreements to lend to a client which would then be sold to an investor in the secondary market for which the interest rate has been locked with the client, provided there is no violation of any condition within the contract with either party. Commitments to make loans to sell have fixed interest rates. Since commitments may expire without being extended, total commitment amounts may not necessarily represent cash requirements.
Commitments to make loans are agreements to lend to a client, provided there is no violation of any condition within the contract. Commitments to make loans generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since commitments may expire without being extended, total commitment amounts may not necessarily represent cash requirements.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
To estimate the ACL on unfunded loan commitments, the Company determines the probability of funding based on historical utilization statistics for unfunded loan commitments. Loss rates are calculated using the same assumptions as the associated funding balance. Refer to Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information. The following table presents the changes in the ACL on unfunded loan commitments:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Beginning balance$419 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-133,481 
Provision for credit losses495 
Ending balance$4,395 
Litigation, Claims and Settlements
The Company is, from time to time, involved in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. While the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management, based on advice from legal counsel, that no proceedings exist, either individually or in the aggregate, which, if determined adversely to the Company, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 9 - SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock
The Company’s common stock has no par value and each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share (though certain voting restrictions may exist on non-vested restricted stock) held.
On January 6, 2022, the Company filed a Form S-3 Registration Statement with the SEC providing that the Company may offer and sell from time to time, separately or together, in multiple series or in one or more offering, any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, depository shares and units, up to a maximum aggregate offer price of $100 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold no shares of common stock.
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Restricted Stock Awards
In 2017, the Company issued 105,264 shares of common stock ("Restricted Stock Awards") with a value of $3.0 million to the sole member of EMC Holdings, LLC ("EMC"), subject to forfeiture based on his continued employment with the Company. Half of the Restricted Stock Awards ($1.5 million or 52,632 shares) vested ratably over five years. These awards fully vested during the year ended December 31, 2022. The remaining $1.5 million, or 52,632 shares, were able to be earned based on performance of the mortgage division of the Company. The performance based awards fully vested during the year ended December 31, 2020.
As of March 31, 2023, all restricted stock awards were fully vested and no unrecognized compensation expense remains. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized $0.1 million for the restricted stock awards and no shares of the restricted stock awards vested.
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The 2008 Stock Incentive Plan ("the 2008 Plan") was frozen in connection with the adoption of the 2016 Plan and no new awards may be granted under the 2008 Plan. As of March 31, 2023, there were a total of 329,904 shares available for issuance under the First Western Financial, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan ("the 2016 Plan"). If the Awards outstanding under the 2008 Plan or the 2016 Plan are forfeited, cancelled or terminated with no consideration paid to the Company, those amounts will increase the number of shares eligible to be granted under the 2016 Plan.
Stock Options
The Company did not grant any stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized no stock based compensation expense associated with stock options. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options.
The following presents activity for nonqualified stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2023:
Number
of
Options		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022184,165$22.76 
Granted—— 
Exercised(5,760)20.00 
Forfeited or expired— — 
Outstanding as of March 31, 2023178,40522.85 1.9
(1)
Options fully vested / exercisable as of March 31, 2023178,40522.85 1.9
(1)
______________________________________
(1)Nonqualified stock options outstanding at the end of the period and those fully vested/exercisable had immaterial aggregate intrinsic values.
As of March 31, 2023, there were 178,405 options that were exercisable. Exercise prices are between $20.00 and $27.00 per share, and the options are exercisable for a period of ten years from the original grant date and expire on various dates between 2023 and 2026.
Restricted Stock Units
Pursuant to the 2016 Plan, the Company can grant associates and non-associate directors long-term cash and stock-based compensation. Historically, the Company has granted certain associates restricted stock units which are earned over time or based on various performance measures and convert to common stock upon vesting, which are summarized here and expanded further below.
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The following presents the activity for the Time Vesting Units, the Financial Performance Units, and the Market Performance Units during the three months ended March 31, 2023:
Time
Vesting
Units		Financial
Performance
Units		Market
Performance
Units
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022285,995235,512—
Granted———
Vested(8,252)——
Forfeited (3,494)(1,247)—
Outstanding as of March 31, 2023274,249234,265—
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 6,364 shares of common stock upon the settlement of Restricted Stock Units. The remaining 1,888 shares were withheld and sold to cover employee withholding taxes and had a combined market value at the dates of settlement of $0.1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 8,225 shares of common stock upon the settlement of Restricted Stock Units. The remaining 4,289 shares were withheld and sold to cover employee withholding taxes and had a combined market value at the dates of settlement of $0.1 million.
Time Vesting Units
Time Vesting Units are granted to full-time associates and board members at the date approved by the Company’s board of directors. The Company did not grant any Time Vesting Units during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.4 million for the Time Vesting Units. As of March 31, 2023, there was $4.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the Time Vesting Units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
Financial Performance Units
Financial Performance Units are granted to certain key associates and are earned based on the Company achieving various financial performance metrics. If the Company achieves the financial metrics, which include various thresholds from 0% up to 150%, then the Financial Performance Units will have a subsequent vesting period.
The following presents the Company’s existing Financial Performance Units as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands, except share amounts):
Grant PeriodThreshold AccrualMaximum Issuable
Shares at Current
Threshold		Unrecognized Compensation
Expense
Weighted-Average (1)
Financial Metric End DateVesting Requirement End Date
May 1, 2019 through April 30, 2020150 %69,306$166 0.8 yearsDecember 31, 2021December 31, 2023
May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, excluding November 18, 2020150 74,121391 1.8 yearsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2023
November 18, 2020114 23,943267 1.6 yearsDecember 31, 2022
50% November 18, 2023 & 2025
May 3, 2021 through August 11, 2021146 52,136445 2.8 yearsDecember 31, 2023December 31, 2025
May 2, 2022 through November 2, 2022, excluding August 4, 2022 (2)
— — — 3.8 yearsDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2026
On August 4, 2022 (3)
100 18,181488 3.8 yearsDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2026
______________________________________
(1)Represents the expected unrecognized stock-based compensation expense recognition period.
(2) As the performance threshold is not expected to be met in future performance periods, there is no related unrecognized compensation as of March 31, 2023.
(3) Performance threshold was not met for the year ended December 31, 2022. The 100% threshold is expected to be met for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.
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The following presents the Company’s Financial Performance Units activity during the periods presented (dollars in thousands, except share amounts):
Units GrantedCompensation Expense Recognized
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
Grant Period2023202220232022
May 1, 2019 through April 30, 2020——$53 $61 
May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, excluding November 18, 2020——48 53 
November 18, 2020—19 30 
May 3, 2021 through August 11, 2021——56 81 
May 2, 2022 through November 2022, excluding August 4, 2022 (1)
——— — 
August 4, 2022 (2)
——28 — 
(1) Performance threshold was not met as of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, therefore, no compensation expense was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(2) Performance threshold was not met for the year ended December 31, 2022. The 100% threshold is expected to be met for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.
Market Performance Units
Market Performance Units were granted to certain key associates and are earned based on growth in the value of the Company’s common stock, and were dependent on the Company completing an initial public offering of stock during a defined period of time. On July 23, 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering and the Market Performance Units performance condition was met. Subsequent to the performance condition, there was also a market condition as a vesting requirement for the Market Performance Units. If the Company’s common stock was trading at or above certain prices, over a performance period which ended on June 30, 2020, the Market Performance Units would have been determined to be earned and vest following the completion of a subsequent service period, which ended on June 30, 2022. The Company’s common stock did not trade at or above the required prices over the performance period and as a result, no Market Performance Units were eligible to be earned.
As of the end of the subsequent service period, or June 30, 2022, the Company had no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to the Market Performance Units.

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NOTE 10 - EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share during the periods presented (dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Earnings per common share - Basic
Numerator:
Net income available for common shareholders$3,820 $5,524 
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares9,503,7159,418,318
Earnings per common share - basic$0.40 $0.59 
Earnings per common share - Diluted
Numerator:
Net income available for common shareholders$3,820 $5,524 
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares9,503,7159,418,318
Diluted effect of common stock equivalents:
Stock options16,02357,139
Time Vesting Units 125,228189,538
Financial Performance Units87,70883,954
Market Performance Units—13,653
Total diluted effect of common stock equivalents228,959344,284
Diluted weighted average shares9,732,6749,762,602
Earnings per common share - diluted$0.39 $0.57 
Diluted earnings per share was computed without consideration to potentially dilutive instruments as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 82,970 stock options were potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no potentially dilutive securities excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.
NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $1.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 26.0% and 24.5%, respectively.
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NOTE 12 - RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Bank extends credit to certain covered parties including Company directors, executive officers, and their affiliates. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no delinquent or non-performing loans to any executive officer or director of the Company. These covered parties, along with principal owners, management, immediate family of management or principal owners, a parent company and its subsidiaries, trusts for the benefit of employees, and other parties, may be considered related parties. The following presents a summary of related-party loan activity as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Balance, beginning of year$16,859 $12,833 
Funded loans2,360 15,079 
Payments collected(2,923)(11,053)
Balance, end of period$16,296 $16,859 
Deposits from related parties held by the Bank as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $31.5 million and $36.9 million, respectively.
The Company leases office space from an entity controlled by one of the Company’s board members. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred $0.1 million and an immaterial amount, respectively, of expenses related to these leases.
NOTE 13 - FAIR VALUE
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
Level 1:Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2:Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3:Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
Recurring Fair Value
Equity Securities: Fair value of equity securities represents the market value of mutual funds based on quoted market prices (Level 1) and the value of stock held in other companies, which is based on recent market transactions or quoted rates that are not actively traded (Level 2).
Equity Warrants: Fair value of equity warrants of private companies are priced using a Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the asset fair value by using strike prices, option expiration dates, risk-free interest rates, and option volatility assumptions (Level 3).
Guarantee Asset and Liability: The guarantee asset represents the fair value of the consideration received in exchange for the credit enhancement fee. The guarantee liability represents a financial guarantee to cover the second layer of any losses on loans sold to FHLB under the MPF 125 loan sales agreement. The guarantee liability value on day one is equivalent to the guarantee asset fair value, which is the consideration for the credit enhancement fee paid over the life of the loans. The liability is then carried at amortized cost. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis for the asset are Level 3, due to the nature of this asset and the lack of market quotes. The fair value of the guarantee asset is determined using a discounted cash flow model, for which significant unobservable inputs include assumed future prepayment rates ("CPR") and market discount rate (Level 3). An increase in prepayment rates or discount rate would generally reduce the estimated fair value of the guarantee asset.
Derivatives: The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). Our derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple
37
market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.
Mortgage Related Derivatives: Mortgage related derivatives include our IRLC, FSC, and the forward commitments on our loans held for sale pipeline. The fair value estimate of our IRLC is based on valuation models using market data from secondary market loan sales and direct contacts with third party investors as of the measurement date and pull through assumptions (Level 3). The FSC fair value estimate reflects the potential pair off fee associated with mandatory trades and is estimated by using a market differential and pair off penalty assessed by the investor (Level 3). The fair value estimate of the forward commitments is based on market prices of similar securities to the underlying MBS (Level 2).
Loans Held at Fair Value: The fair value of loans held for investment are typically determined based on discounted cash flow analysis using market-based interest rate spreads. Discounted cash flow analysis are adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect current market conditions and borrower specific credit risk. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, loans held for investment are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is estimated based upon quotes from third party investors for similar assets resulting in a Level 2 classification.
Loans Held for Sale: The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using actual quoted commitments from third party investors resulting in Level 1 classification.
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The following presents assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023Quoted
Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)		Reported
Balance
Financial Assets
Mortgage loans held for sale$— $9,873 $— $9,873 
Loans held at fair value$— $— $20,807 $20,807 
Equity securities$637 $122 $— $759 
Guarantee asset$— $— $235 $235 
IRLC, net$— $— $723 $723 
Equity warrants$— $— $825 $825 
Swap derivative asset$— $204 $— $204 
Financial Liabilities
Forward commitments and FSC$— $(138)$— $(138)
Swap derivative liabilities$— $(508)$— $(508)
December 31, 2022Quoted
Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)		Reported
Balance
Financial Assets
Mortgage loans held for sale$— $8,839 $— $8,839 
Loans held for sale$1,965 $— $— $1,965 
Loans held at fair value$— $— $23,321 $23,321 
Forward commitments and FSC$— $46 $— $46 
Equity securities$627 $122 $— $749 
Guarantee asset$— $— $143 $143 
IRLC, net$— $— $229 $229 
Equity warrants$— $— $825 $825 
There were no transfers between levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or year ended December 31, 2022. On April 1, 2022, the Company elected to transfer all securities classified as available-for-sale to held-to-maturity and are now carried at amortized cost. See Note 2 – Investment Securities for more information.
As of March 31, 2023, equity securities, equity warrants, IRLC, and guarantee assets have been recorded at fair value within the Other assets line item in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. All changes are recorded in the Other line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Fair Value Option
The Company has elected to account for certain purchased whole loans held for investment under the fair value option in order to align the accounting presentation with the Company’s viewpoint of the economics of the loans. Interest income on loans held for investment accounted for under the fair value option is recognized within Interest and dividend income in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Not electing fair value generally results in a larger discount being recorded on the date of the loan purchase. The discount is subsequently accreted into interest income over the underlying loan’s remaining term using the effective interest method. Additionally, management has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans originated and held for sale.
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As of December 31, 2022, the Company reclassified $2.0 million of loans held for investment to loans held for sale. The transfer occurred at the point in time the company decided to sell the loan and received a commitment from third party investors to purchase the loan. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reclassified $39.2 million of loans held for investment to loans held for sale and received a commitment from third party investors to purchase the loans. As of March 31, 2023, the total of $40.9 million loans held for sale had been sold.
There were no loans accounted for under the fair value option that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, there were 141 loans, totaling $0.1 million, accounted for under the fair value option that were on nonaccrual. As of December 31, 2022, there were 145 loans totaling $0.1 million, accounted for under the fair value option that were on nonaccrual. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded net charge-offs of $0.4 million on loans accounted for under the fair value option. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded no charge-offs on loans accounted for under the fair value option.
The following provides more information about the fair value carrying amount and unpaid principal outstanding of loans accounted for under the fair value option as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023
Total LoansNon Accruals90 Days or More Past Due
Fair Value Carrying
Amount		Unpaid Principal
Balance		DifferenceFair Value Carrying
Amount		Unpaid Principal
Balance		DifferenceFair Value Carrying
Amount		Unpaid Principal
Balance		Difference
Mortgage loans held for sale$9,873 $9,715 $158 $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Loans held for investment20,807 21,052 (245)117 121 (4)117 121 (4)
$30,680 $30,767 $(87)$117 $121 $(4)$117 $121 $(4)
December 31, 2022
Total LoansNon Accruals90 Days or More Past Due
Fair Value Carrying
Amount		Unpaid Principal
Balance		DifferenceFair Value Carrying
Amount		Unpaid Principal
Balance		DifferenceFair Value Carrying
Amount		Unpaid Principal
Balance		Difference
Mortgage loans held for sale$8,839 $8,750 $89 $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Loans held for sale1,965 1,984 (19)— — — — — — 
Loans held for investment23,321 23,415 (94)139 140 (1)139 140 (1)
$34,125 $34,149 $(24)$139 $140 $(1)$139 $140 $(1)
The following presents the changes in fair value of loans accounted for under the fair value option as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20232022
Mortgage loans held for sale$68 $667 
Loans held for sale(20)— 
Loans held for investment(150)— 
$(102)$667 
40
The following summarizes the activity pertaining to loans accounted for under the fair value option as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Mortgage loans held for sale20232022
Balance at beginning of period$8,839 $30,620 
Loans originated54,073 191,081 
Fair value changes68 667 
Sales(53,102)(188,666)
Settlements(5)(39)
Balance at end of period$9,873 $33,663 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Loans held for sale20232022
Balance at beginning of period$1,965 $— 
Loans transferred from held for investment39,221 — 
Fair value changes(20)— 
Sales(40,761)— 
Settlements(405)— 
Balance at end of period$— $— 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Loans held for investment20232022
Balance at beginning of period$23,321 $— 
Loans acquired1,162 6,380 
Fair value changes(150)— 
Net charge-offs(392)— 
Settlements(3,134)— 
Balance at end of period$20,807 $6,380 
Nonrecurring Fair Value
Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”): Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. They are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals which are updated no less frequently than on an annual basis. Appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in Level 3 classifications of the inputs for determining fair value. OREO is evaluated annually for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.
Collateral Dependent Loans: The fair value of collateral dependent loans individually analyzed and not included in the pooled loan analysis under the ACL is generally based on recent appraisals and the value of any credit enhancements associated with the loan. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in Level 3 classifications of the inputs for determining fair value. Collateral dependent loans are evaluated monthly and adjusted accordingly if needed.
Appraisals for both collateral-dependent loans and OREO are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, the Company reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized
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in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.
The following presents assets measured on a nonrecurring basis as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023Quoted
Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)		Reported
Balance
Collateral dependent loans:
Commercial and Industrial$— $— $188 $188 
The sales comparison approach was utilized for estimating the fair value of non-recurring assets. There were no assets measured on a nonrecurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $0.4 million of OREO as a result of obtaining physical possession of a foreclosed property as partial consideration for amounts owed on a collateral dependent loan. The Company sold the property during the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting in an immaterial gain. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not own any OREO properties.
As of March 31, 2023, total collateral dependent loans measured using fair value had carrying values of $0.4 million and were classified as Level 3. Collateral dependent loans accounted for $0.2 million of specific reserves as of March 31, 2023 and no specific reserves as of December 31, 2022. The Company recorded no charge offs from the specific reserve during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company recorded no charge offs from the specific reserve during the year ended December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $0.3 million of charge offs.
Level 3 Analysis
The following presents a reconciliation for Level 3 instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Corporate Bonds(1)
Loans Held at Fair
Value		FSCGuarantee AssetIRLCEquity Warrants
Beginning balance$— $23,321 $— $143 $229 $825 
Acquisitions— 1,162 — — 886 — 
Originations— — — 5 (1,486)— 
Gains/(losses) in net income, net— (150)— 87 1,094 — 
Settlements— (3,526)— — — — 
Ending balance$— $20,807 $— $235 $723 $825 
(1) All securities were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity effective April 1, 2022 and are no longer measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022Corporate Bonds Loans Held at Fair
Value		FSC Guarantee Asset IRLC Equity Warrants
Beginning balance$2,113 $— $(9)$237 $1,473 $160 
Acquisitions4,000 6,380 9 — 1,614 242 
Originations— — — — (1,354)— 
Losses in net income, net— — — (31)(743)— 
Unrealized gain/(losses), net102 — — — — — 
Ending balance$6,215 $6,380 $— $206 $990 $402 

The following presents quantitative information about Level 3 assets measured on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
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Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2023
Fair ValueValuation
Technique		Significant
Unobservable Input		Range
(Weighted Average)
Recurring fair value
Loans held for investment at fair value$20,807 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
4% to 9% (5%)
Guarantee asset235 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
Prepayment rate
5% (5%)
3% (3%)
IRLC, net723 Best execution modelPull through
60% to 100% (89%)
Equity warrants825 Black-Scholes option pricing modelVolatility
Risk-free interest rate
Remaining life
32.7% to 44.7% (35.0%)
3.88% (3.88%)
0 to 3 years
Nonrecurring fair value
Collateral dependent loans:
Commercial and Industrial188 Sales comparison,
Market approach -
guideline transaction
method		Loss given default
35% to 61% (50%)
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
Fair ValueValuation
Technique		Significant
Unobservable Input		Range
(Weighted Average)
Recurring fair value
Loans held for investment at fair value$23,321 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
4% to 18%
(8)%
Guarantee asset143 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
Prepayment rate
5% (5%)
4% (4%)
IRLC, net229 Best execution modelPull through
73% to 100%
(91%)
Equity warrants825 Black-Scholes option pricing modelVolatility
Risk-free interest rate
Remaining life
32.7% to 44.7% (34.8%)
4.04% to 4.14% (4.05%)
0 to 4 years
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Estimated Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
The following presents carrying amounts and estimated fair values for financial instruments not carried at fair value as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
Carrying
Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using:
March 31, 2023Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$295,067 $295,067 $— $— 
Held-to-maturity securities, net of ACL79,565 238 65,747 7,585 
Loans2,448,231 — — 2,343,600 
Accrued interest receivable10,976 10,976 — — 
Liabilities:    
Deposits2,391,927 2,037,360 — 370,521 
Borrowings:    
FHLB borrowings – fixed rate256,780 — 256,788 — 
Federal Reserve borrowings – fixed rate4,605 — 4,605 — 
Subordinated notes – fixed-to-floating rate52,167 — — 56,437 
Accrued interest payable1,786 1,786 — — 
Carrying
Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using:
December 31, 2022Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$196,512 $196,512 $— $— 
Held-to-maturity securities81,056 234 67,433 7,051 
Loans2,446,092 — — 2,356,085 
Accrued interest receivable10,445 10,445 — — 
Liabilities:
Deposits2,405,229 2,181,139 — 228,868 
Borrowings:
FHLB borrowings – fixed rate141,498 — 141,867 — 
Federal Reserve borrowings – fixed rate5,388 — 5,388 — 
Subordinated notes – fixed-to-floating rate52,132 — — 60,384 
Accrued interest payable1,125 1,125 — — 
The fair value estimates presented and discussed above are based on pertinent information available to management as of the dates specified. The estimated fair value amounts are based on the exit price notion set forth by ASU 2016-01. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair values, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these condensed consolidated financial statements since the balance sheet dates. Therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.
The methods and assumptions, not previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate fair values as maturities are less than 90 days and balances are generally in accounts bearing current market interest rates.
Held-to-maturity securities: The fair values for held-to-maturity investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities is not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).
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Loans: The fair values for all fixed-rate and variable-rate performing loans were estimated using the income approach and by discounting the projected cash flows of such loans. Principal and interest cash flows were projected based on the contractual terms of the loans, including maturity, contractual amortization, and adjustments for prepayments and expected losses, where appropriate. A discount rate was developed based on the relative risk of the cash flows, considering the loan type, maturity, and a required return on capital.
Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable: The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.
Deposits: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest checking, passbook savings, and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amounts payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts of variable-rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting dates. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.
Fixed Rate Borrowings: Borrowings with fixed rates are valued using inputs such as discounted cash flows and current interest rates for similar instruments.
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Borrowings: Borrowings with fixed-to-floating rates are valued using inputs such as discounted cash flows and current interest rates for similar instruments and assume the Company will redeem the instrument prior to the first interest rate reset date.
NOTE 14 - DERIVATIVES
During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.
Cash Flow Hedges: On March 21, 2023, the Company executed an interest rate swap with a notional amount that was designated as a cash flow hedge of certain Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings and brokered CDs. The swap hedges the benchmark index (SOFR) with a receive float/pay fixed swap for the period March 21, 2023 through April 1, 2026. The notional amount of the interest rate swap as of March 31, 2023 was $50.0 million. As of March 31, 2023, this hedge was determined to be effective, and the Company expects the hedge to remain effective during the remaining terms of the swap.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges: During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swaps to offset interest rate exposure with its commercial and residential variable rate loan clients. Clients with variable rate loans may choose to enter into an interest rate swap to hedge the interest rate risk on the loan and effectively pay a fixed rate payment. The Company will simultaneously enter into an interest rate swap on the same underlying loan and notional amount to hedge risk on the fixed rate loan. The notional amount of interest rate swaps with its loan customers as of March 31, 2023 was $3.3 million. While these derivatives represent economic hedges, they do not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes.
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The Company presents derivative position gross on the balance sheet. The following table reflects the fair value of derivatives recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
As of March 31, 2023
Notional AmountFair Value
Included in other assets:
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedge$— $— 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps related to customer loans3,307 204 
Total included in other assets$204 
Included in other liabilities:
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedge$50,000 $268 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps related to customer loans3,307 240 
Total included in other liabilities$508 
The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023Unrealized Gain (Loss) Recorded in OCI on DerivativeLocation of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into IncomeAmount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Income
Interest rate contracts$(268)$— $— 
The Company recorded an immaterial amount of interest income related to the swap to Other non-interest income on the condensed consolidated statement of income for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments recorded in Other non-interest income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2023Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative
Interest rate swaps related to loan customers$(36)

NOTE 15 - SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company’s reportable segments consist of Wealth Management and Mortgage. The chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the Chief Executive Officer. The measure of profit or loss used by the CODM to identify and measure the Company’s reportable segments is income before income tax.
The Wealth Management segment consists of operations relative to the Company’s fully integrated wealth management products and services. Services provided include deposit, loan, insurance, and trust and investment management advisory products and services.
46
The Mortgage segment consists of operations relative to the Company’s residential mortgage service offerings. Mortgage products and services are financial in nature for which premiums are recognized net of expenses, upon the sale of mortgage loans to third parties.
The following presents the financial information for each segment that is specifically identifiable or based on allocations using internal methods as of or during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2023Wealth
Management		MortgageConsolidated
Income Statement
Total interest income$34,600 $112 $34,712 
Total interest expense15,152 — 15,152 
(Release) provision for credit losses(310)— (310)
Net interest income, after (release) provision for credit losses19,758 112 19,870 
Non-interest income4,785 1,034 5,819 
Total income before non-interest expense24,543 1,146 25,689 
Depreciation and amortization expense586 8 594 
All other non-interest expense18,202 1,732 19,934 
Income before income taxes$5,755 $(594)$5,161 
Goodwill$30,400 $— $30,400 
Total assets2,956,908 11,599 2,968,507 
As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2022Wealth
Management		MortgageConsolidated
Income Statement
Total interest income$19,685 $191 $19,876 
Total interest expense1,381 — 1,381 
(Release) provision for credit losses210 — 210 
Net interest income, after provision for credit losses18,094 191 18,285 
Non-interest income6,062 2,327 8,389 
Total income before non-interest expense24,156 2,518 26,674 
Depreciation and amortization expense548 12 560 
All other non-interest expense16,597 2,201 18,798 
Income before income taxes$7,011 $305 $7,316 
Goodwill$30,400 $— $30,400 
Total assets 2,539,473 37,188 2,576,661 
F
NOTE 16 – LOW-INCOME HOUSING TAX CREDIT INVESTMENTS
On December 19, 2019, the Company invested in a low-income housing tax credit ("LIHTC") investment. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of the LIHTC investment was $2.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. These balances are reflected in the Other assets line item of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no unfunded commitments related to the LIHTC investment.
The Company uses the proportional amortization method to account for this investment. Amortization expense is included within the Income tax expense line item of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized amortization expense of $0.1 million.
Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.1 million of tax credits and other benefits from the LIHTC investment. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not incur any impairment losses.
47
NOTE 17 - REGULATORY CAPITAL MATTERS
First Western and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital adequacy requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, First Western and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.
First Western and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators regarding components, risk weightings, and other factors. The final rules implementing Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks ("Basel III rules") have been fully phased in. The net unrealized gain or loss on held-to-maturity securities included in AOCI and accumulated net gains or losses on cash flow hedges are not included in computing regulatory capital. During the year ended December 31, 2022, First Western made capital injections of $6.0 million into the Bank. Management believes as of March 31, 2023, First Western and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
Prompt corrective action regulations for First Western and the Bank provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required.
The standard ratios established by First Western and the Bank’s primary regulators to measure capital require First Western and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios, set forth in the following table. These ratios are common equity Tier 1 capital ("CET1"), Tier 1 capital and total capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined).
The actual capital ratios of First Western and the Bank, along with the applicable regulatory capital requirements as of March 31, 2023, were calculated in accordance with the requirements of Basel III. The final rules of Basel III also established a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above new regulatory minimum capital ratios, which are fully effective following minimum ratios: (i) a CET1 ratio of 7.0%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%; and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. Banks are subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that can be utilized for such activities.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the most recent filings with the FDIC categorized First Western and the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory guidelines. To be categorized as well capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum CET1 risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, total risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. Management believes there are no conditions or events since March 31, 2023, that have changed the categorization of First Western and the Bank as well capitalized. Management believes First Western and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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The following presents the actual and required capital amounts and ratios as of dates noted (dollars in thousands):
Actual
Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes(1)
To be Well Capitalized
Under Prompt
Corrective Action
Regulations
March 31, 2023AmountRatio AmountRatio AmountRatio
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Bank$238,556 10.29 %$139,038 6.0 %$185,384 8.0 %
Consolidated215,534 9.28 N/AN/AN/AN/A
CET1 to risk-weighted assets
Bank238,556 10.29 104,279 4.5 150,625 6.5 
Consolidated215,534 9.28 N/AN/AN/AN/A
Total capital to risk-weighted assets 
Bank 257,661 11.12 185,384 8.0 231,731 10.0 
Consolidated287,639 12.39 N/AN/AN/AN/A
Tier 1 capital to average assets 
Bank238,556 8.59 111,051 4.0 138,814 5.0 
Consolidated215,534 7.75 N/AN/AN/AN/A
Actual
Required for Capital
Adequacy Purposes(1)
To be Well Capitalized
Under Prompt
Corrective Action
Regulations
December 31, 2022AmountRatio AmountRatio AmountRatio
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Bank$234,738 10.29 %$136,928 6.0 %$182,571 8.0 %
Consolidated212,229 9.28 N/AN/AN/AN/A
CET1 to risk-weighted assets
Bank234,738 10.29 102,696 4.5 148,339 6.5 
Consolidated212,229 9.28 N/AN/AN/AN/A
Total capital to risk-weighted assets 
Bank 252,398 11.06 182,571 8.0 228,213 10.0 
Consolidated282,889 12.37 N/AN/AN/AN/A
Tier 1 capital to average assets 
Bank234,738 8.65 108,506 4.0 135,633 5.0 
Consolidated212,229 7.81 N/AN/AN/AN/A
______________________________________
(1)Does not include capital conservation buffer.
49
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis is intended to assist readers in understanding our financial condition and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Form 10-Q") and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 15, 2023. Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q to "we," "our," "us," "the Company," and "First Western" refer to First Western Financial, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including First Western Trust Bank, which we sometimes refer to as "the Bank" or "our Bank."
The following discussion contains "forward-looking statements" that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs, and expected performance. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions, or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." Also, see the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading "Item 1A - Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023 and in Part II–Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.
Company Overview
We are a financial holding company founded in 2002 and headquartered in Denver, Colorado. We provide a fully integrated suite of wealth management services to our clients including banking, trust, and investment management products and services. Our mission is to be the best private bank for the Western wealth management client. We target entrepreneurs, professionals, and high-net worth individuals, typically with $1.0 million-plus in liquid net worth, and their related philanthropic and business organizations, which we refer to as the "Western wealth management client." We believe that the Western wealth management client shares our entrepreneurial spirit and values our sophisticated, high-touch wealth management services that are tailored to meet their specific needs. We partner with our clients to solve their unique financial needs through our expert integrated services provided in a team approach.
We offer our services through a branded network of boutique private trust bank offices, which we believe are strategically located in affluent and high-growth markets in locations across Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, Montana, and California. Our profit centers, which are comprised of private bankers, lenders, wealth planners, and portfolio managers, under the leadership of a local chairman and/or president, are also supported centrally by teams providing management services such as operations, risk management, credit administration, marketing, technology support, human capital, and accounting/finance services, which we refer to as support centers.
From 2004, when we opened our first profit center, until March 31, 2023, we have expanded our footprint into thirteen full service profit centers, four loan production offices, and one trust office located across five states. As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023, we had $2.97 billion in total assets, $25.7 million in total revenues, and provided fiduciary and advisory services on $6.38 billion of assets under management ("AUM").
Recent Industry Developments
During March and April of 2023, the banking industry experienced significant disruption and volatility with the failure of multiple banks creating industry wide concerns related to liquidity, deposit outflows, unrealized securities losses, and eroding consumer confidence in the banking industry. Despite the market wide impact to bank stock prices, we believe the Bank remains stable with strong fundamentals including uninsured deposits lower than our peers at $891.5 million, or 37.3% of total deposits and $1.5 billion in readily available liquidity through various funding sources as of March 31, 2023. The Company has a low amount of held-to-maturity securities, which represent 2.7% of Total assets, and carries unrecognized losses amounting to less than 3% of Total shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2023. We feel we have maintained high credit quality standards which have kept our loan losses at immaterial levels and we have limited exposure to commercial real estate (“CRE”) non-owner occupied office space which has been impacted by the shift to hybrid work environments. Our client base is well diversified with no single industry concentration. In the days immediately following the bank failures, the Bank reached out to our clients to assure them of our stability and answer any questions or concerns as well to assist those impacted by the failed banks.
Primary Factors Used to Evaluate the Results of Operations
As a financial institution, we manage and evaluate various aspects of both our results of operations and our financial condition. We evaluate the comparative levels and trends of the line items in our Condensed Consolidated
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Balance Sheets and Statements of Income as well as various financial ratios that are commonly used in our industry. The primary factors we use to evaluate our results of operations include net interest income, non-interest income, and non-interest expense.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income represents interest income less interest expense. We generate interest income on interest-earning assets, primarily loans and investment securities. We incur interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, primarily interest-bearing deposits and borrowings. To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor: (i) yields on loans, investment securities, and other interest-earning assets; (ii) the costs of deposits and other funding sources; (iii) the rates incurred on borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities; and (iv) the regulatory risk weighting associated with the assets. Interest income is primarily impacted by loan growth and loan repayments, along with changes in interest rates on the loans. Interest expense is primarily impacted by changes in deposit balances, changes in interest rates on deposits, along with the volume and type of interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is primarily impacted by changes in market interest rates, the slope of the yield curve, and interest we earn on interest-earning assets or pay on interest-bearing liabilities.
Non-Interest Income
Non-interest income primarily consists of the following:
•Trust and investment management fees—fees and other sources of income charged to clients for managing their trust and investment assets, providing financial planning consulting services, 401(k) and retirement advisory consulting services, and other wealth management services. Trust and investment management fees are primarily impacted by rates charged and increases and decreases in AUM. AUM is primarily impacted by opening and closing of client advisory and trust accounts, contributions and withdrawals, and the fluctuation in market values.
•Net gain on mortgage loans—gain on originating and selling mortgages and origination fees, less commissions to loan originators, document review, and other costs specific to originating and selling the loan. The market adjustments for interest rate lock commitments ("IRLC"), mortgage derivatives, and gains and losses incurred on the mandatory trading of loans are also included in this line item. Net gain on mortgage loans is primarily impacted by the amount of loans sold, the type of loans sold, and market conditions.
•Bank fees—income generated through bank-related service charges such as: electronic transfer fees, treasury management fees, bill pay fees, servicing fees, and other banking fees. Banking fees are primarily impacted by the level of business activities and cash movement activities of our clients.
•Risk management and insurance fees—commissions earned on insurance policies we have placed for clients through our client risk management team who incorporate insurance services, primarily life insurance, to support our clients’ wealth planning needs. Our insurance revenues are primarily impacted by the type and volume of policies placed for our clients.
•Income on company-owned life insurance—income earned on the growth of the cash surrender value of life insurance policies we hold on certain key associates. The income on the increase in the cash surrender value is non-taxable income.
Non-Interest Expense
Non-interest expense is comprised primarily of the following:
•Salaries and employee benefits—all forms of compensation-related expenses including salary, incentive compensation, payroll-related taxes, stock-based compensation, benefit plans, health insurance, 401(k) plan match costs, and other benefit-related expenses. Salaries and employee benefit costs are primarily impacted by changes in headcount and fluctuations in benefits costs.
•Occupancy and equipment—costs related to building and land maintenance, leasing our office space, depreciation charges for the buildings, building improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, amortization of leasehold improvements, utilities, and other occupancy-related expenses. Occupancy and equipment costs are primarily impacted by the number of locations we occupy.
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•Professional services—costs related to legal, accounting, tax, consulting, personnel recruiting, insurance, and other outsourcing arrangements. Professional services costs are primarily impacted by corporate activities requiring specialized services. FDIC insurance expense is also included in this line and represents the assessments that we pay to the FDIC for deposit insurance.
•Technology and information systems—costs related to software and information technology services to support office activities and internal networks. Technology and information system costs are primarily impacted by the number of locations we occupy, the number of associates we have, and the level of service we require from our third-party technology vendors.
•Data processing—costs related to processing fees paid to our third-party data processing system providers relating to our core private trust banking platform. Data processing costs are primarily impacted by the number of loan, deposit, and trust accounts we have and the level of transactions processed for our clients.
•Marketing—costs related to promoting our business through advertising, promotions, charitable events, sponsorships, donations, and other marketing-related expenses. Marketing costs are primarily impacted by the levels of advertising programs and other marketing activities and events held throughout the year.
•Amortization of other intangible assets—primarily represents the amortization of intangible assets including client lists, core deposit intangibles, and other similar items recognized in connection with acquisitions.
•Other—includes costs related to operational expenses associated with office supplies, postage, travel expenses, meals and entertainment, dues and memberships, costs to maintain or prepare other real estate owned (“OREO”) for sale, director compensation and travel, and other general corporate expenses that do not fit within one of the specific non-interest expense lines described above. Other operational expenses are generally impacted by our business activities and needs.
Operating Segments
The Company’s reportable segments consist of Wealth Management and Mortgage. We measure the overall profitability of operating segments based on income before income tax. We believe this is a more useful measurement as our wealth management products and services are fully integrated with our private trust bank. We allocate costs to our segments, which consist primarily of compensation and overhead expense directly attributable to the products and services within the Wealth Management and Mortgage segments. We measure the profitability of each segment based on a post-allocation basis, as we believe it better approximates the operating cash flows generated by our reportable operating segments. A description of each segment is provided in Note 15 - Segment Reporting of the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Primary Factors Used to Evaluate our Balance Sheet
The primary factors we use to evaluate our balance sheet include asset and liability levels, asset quality, capital, liquidity, and potential profit production from assets.
We manage our asset levels to ensure our lending initiatives are efficiently and profitably supported and to ensure we have the necessary liquidity and capital to meet the required regulatory capital ratios. Funding needs are evaluated and forecasted by communicating with clients, reviewing loan maturity and draw expectations, and projecting new loan opportunities.
We manage the diversification and quality of our assets based upon factors that include the level, distribution, severity, and trend of problem assets such as those determined to be classified, delinquent, non-accrual, non-performing or restructured; the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses; the diversification and quality of loan and investment portfolios; the extent of counterparty risks, credit risk concentrations, and other factors.
We manage our liquidity based upon factors that include the level and quality of capital and our overall financial condition, the trend and volume of problem assets, our balance sheet risk exposure, the level of deposits as a percentage of total loans, the amount of non-deposit funding used to fund assets, the availability of unused funding sources and off-balance sheet obligations, the availability of assets to be readily converted into cash without undue loss, the amount of cash and liquid securities we hold, and other factors.
Financial institution regulators have established guidelines for minimum capital ratios for banks and bank holding companies. The Company has adopted the Basel III regulatory capital framework. As of March 31, 2023, the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded the current well capitalized regulatory requirements established under Basel III.
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Results of Operations
Overview
The three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022. We reported net income available to common shareholders of $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $5.5 million of net income available to common shareholders for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a $1.7 million, or 30.8% decrease. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our income before income tax was $5.2 million, a $2.2 million, or 29.5% decrease from the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by a $2.6 million decrease in non-interest income and a $1.2 million increase in non-interest expense, partially offset by a $1.6 million increase in net interest income, after provision for credit losses. The increase in non-interest expense was due to an increase in Salaries and employee benefits, driven by higher wages, higher health insurance costs, and lower deferred compensation due to fewer loan originations. Additionally, FDIC insurance increased due to the FDIC's two basis point uniform increase in assessment rates and the Company's increase in total assets year-over-year. The decrease in non-interest income was due to lower mortgage segment activity as higher interest rates and decreased housing inventory drove declines in both refinance and purchase volume, losses on loans accounted for under the fair value option, and lower Trust and investment management fees derived from reduced assets under management (“AUM”) balances, which were negatively impacted by lower equity and fixed income market valuations. The increase in net interest income, after provision for credit losses, was primarily due to an increase in Interest and fees on loans resulting from year-over-year loan growth and higher loan yields, offset partially by higher balances and rates on deposits and borrowings.
Net Interest Income
The three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net interest income, before the provision for credit losses, was $19.6 million, an increase of $1.1 million, or 5.8%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in net interest income was driven by a $556.9 million increase in average loans outstanding and a 127 basis point increase in the average yield on loans, partially offset by a 270 basis point increase in average rates on interest bearing deposits, a 341 basis point increase in short term borrowing rates, and a $329.4 million increase in average interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin decreased 10 basis points to 2.93% in the first quarter of 2023 from 3.03% reported in the first quarter of 2022.
The increase in average loans outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was due to organic loan growth. Average loan yields were 5.30% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 4.03% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in loan yields during the three-month period was primarily driven by an increase in yields on the variable rate portfolio and an increase in yields on new production due to the rising interest rate environment.
Interest income on our investment securities portfolio increased as a result of higher average investment balances for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Our average investment securities balance during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $82.1 million, an increase of $26.4 million from the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Interest expense on deposits increased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was driven primarily by a 270 basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits, consistent with the higher interest rate environment. The growth in interest-bearing deposits was primarily attributable to new and expanded client relationships.
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The following presents an analysis of net interest income and net interest margin during the periods presented, using daily average balances for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the interest earned or paid, and the average rate earned or paid on those assets or liabilities.
As of or for the Three Months Ended March 31, 
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Average
Balance(1)
Interest
Earned /
Paid		Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance(1)
Interest
Earned /
Paid		Average
Yield /
Rate
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions$127,608 $1,403 4.46 %$474,593 $232 0.20 %
Federal funds sold— — — 1,349 — — 
Investment securities(2)
82,106 629 3.11 55,739 337 2.45 
Correspondent bank stock9,592 173 7.31 1,663 20 4.88 
Loans(3)
2,479,644 32,395 5.30 1,922,770 19,096 4.03 
Mortgage loans held for sale(5)
7,521 112 6.04 22,699 191 3.41 
Interest-earning assets(4)
2,706,471 34,712 5.20 2,478,813 19,876 3.25 
Allowance for credit losses(20,325)(13,715)
Noninterest-earning assets125,201 119,987 
Total assets$2,811,347 $2,585,085 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits$1,805,994 13,092 2.94 $1,605,314 943 0.24 
FHLB and Federal Reserve borrowings142,642 1,369 3.89 33,104 39 0.48 
Subordinated notes52,135 691 5.38 32,939 399 4.91 
Total interest-bearing liabilities2,000,771 15,152 3.07 1,671,357 1,381 0.34 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:  
Noninterest-bearing deposits545,670 668,705 
Other liabilities26,206 23,555 
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities571,876 692,260 
Total shareholders’ equity238,700 221,468 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,811,347 $2,585,085 
Net interest rate spread(6)
2.13 2.92 
Net interest income(7)
$19,560 $18,495 
Net interest margin(8)
2.93 3.03 
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(1)Average balance represents daily averages, unless otherwise noted.
(2)Represents monthly averages.
(3)Non-performing loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income, if any, on such loans is recognized on a cash basis.
(4)Tax-equivalent yield adjustments are immaterial.
(5)Mortgage loans held for sale are included in the interest-earning assets above, with interest income recognized in the interest and dividend income on loans, including fees line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. These balances are included in the margin calculations in these tables.
(6)Net interest spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets (excluding mortgage loans held for sale) minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.
(7)Net interest income is the difference between income earned on interest-earning assets and expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(8)Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
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The following presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense during the periods presented for each component of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (excluding mortgage loans held for sale), and distinguishes between changes attributable to volume and interest rates. Changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be separated have been allocated to volume (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Compared to 2022
Increase
(Decrease) Due
Change in:		Total
Increase
(Decrease)
VolumeRate
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions$(3,815)$4,986 $1,171 
Investment securities202 90 292 
Correspondent bank stock143 10 153 
Loans7,275 6,024 13,299 
Mortgage loans held for sale(226)147 (79)
Total increase in interest income3,579 11,257 14,836 
Interest-bearing liabilities:   
Interest-bearing deposits1,455 10,694 12,149 
FHLB and Federal Reserve borrowings1,051 279 1,330 
Subordinated notes254 38 292 
Total increase in interest expense2,760 11,011 13,771 
Increase in net interest income$819 $246 $1,065 
(Release) Provision for Credit Losses
We have a dedicated problem loan resolution team comprised of associates from our credit, senior leadership, risk, and accounting teams that meets frequently to ensure that watch list and problem credits are identified early and actively managed. We work to identify potential losses in a timely manner and proactively manage the problem credits to minimize losses. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a $0.3 million release to our provision for credit losses. The provision release was primarily driven by favorable changes in the volume and composition of our loan portfolio which drove a lower provision requirement on total outstanding loans ($0.8 million release) offset partially by increased off-balance sheet commitments which required additional provision for the current quarter ($0.5 million provision).
The Company has increased loan level reviews and portfolio monitoring to address the changing environment. Management believes the financial strength of the Company’s clientele and the diversity of the portfolio continues to mitigate the credit risk within the portfolio.
Non-Interest Income
The three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022, non-interest income decreased $2.6 million, or 30.6%, to $5.8 million. The decrease in non-interest income during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due to lower mortgage segment activity as higher interest rates and decreased inventory levels drove declines in both refinance and purchase volume, losses on loans accounted for under the fair value option, and lower Trust and investment management fees derived from reduced assets under management balances, which were negatively impacted by lower equity and fixed income market valuations.

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The following presents the significant categories of our non-interest income during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, Change
(Dollars in thousands)20232022$%
Non-interest income:
Trust and investment management fees$4,635 $5,166 $(531)(10.3)%
Net gain on mortgage loans1,019 2,303 (1,284)(55.8)
Bank fees592 671 (79)(11.8)
Risk management and insurance fees127 109 18 16.5 
Income on company-owned life insurance90 86 4 4.7 
Net loss on loans held for sale(178)— (178)*
Net loss on loans accounted for under the fair value option(543)— (543)*
Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized on equity securities10 (32)42 *
Other67 86 (19)(22.1)
Total non-interest income$5,819 $8,389 $(2,570)(30.6)
______________________________________
*Not meaningful
Trust and investment management fees—For the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, our trust and investment management fees decreased $0.5 million, or 10.3%. The decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2023, is due to a decreased value of AUM balances caused by unfavorable market conditions.
Net gain on mortgage loans—For the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, our net gain on mortgage loans decreased by $1.3 million, or 55.8%, to $1.0 million. The decrease in net gain on mortgage loans was primarily driven by a slowdown in new lock volume on held for sale loans associated with rising interest rates and reduced housing inventory.
Bank fees— For the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, our bank fees decreased by $0.1 million or 11.8%. The decrease during the three months was primarily driven by decreased treasury management fees as a result of rising interest rates driving higher earnings credit on commercial operating balances.
Net loss on loans held for sale— During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company transferred $39.0 million of non-relationship loans held for investment to loans held for sale and sold all loans held for sale of $40.9 million. Upon transfer of the loans, the Company recorded a net loss on loans held for sale of $0.2 million, primarily attributable to the slight decline in fair value as a result of rising interest rates on comparable loans in the market.
Net (loss)/gain on loans accounted for under the fair value option— The Company elected the fair value option on certain new loans purchased in 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a net loss on loans accounted for under the fair value option of $0.5 million. The losses were primarily attributable to charge-offs during the period and the decline in fair value as a result of the rising interest rates on comparable loans in the market.
Non-Interest Expense
The three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in non-interest expense of 6.0% to $20.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was due to an increase in Salaries and employee benefits, driven by higher wages, higher health insurance costs, and lower deferred compensation due to fewer loan originations. Additionally, FDIC insurance increased due to the FDIC's two basis point uniform increase in assessment rates and the Company's increase in total assets year-over-year.
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The following presents the significant categories of our non-interest expense during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,Change
(Dollars in thousands)20232022$%
Non-interest expense:    
Salaries and employee benefits$13,098 $12,058 $1,040 8.6 %
Occupancy and equipment1,914 1,882 32 1.7 
Professional services1,923 1,526 397 26.0 
Technology and information systems832 1,046 (214)(20.5)
Data processing1,139 1,187 (48)(4.0)
Marketing391 557 (166)(29.8)
Amortization of other intangible assets64 77 (13)(16.9)
Net (gain)/loss on assets held for sale— (1)1 *
Other 1,167 1,026 141 13.7 
Total non-interest expense$20,528 $19,358 $1,170 6.0 
______________________________________
*Not meaningful
Salaries and employee benefits— The increase in Salaries and employee benefits of $1.0 million, or 8.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily related to higher wages, higher health insurance costs, and lower deferred compensation due to fewer loan originations.
Professional services— The increase in Professional services of $0.4 million, or 26.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily driven by the FDIC's two basis point uniform increase in assessment rates and the Company's increase in total assets year-over-year.
Technology and information systems— The decrease in Technology and information systems of $0.2 million, or 20.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was driven primarily by reduced software costs related to the trust and investment management system enhancement completed in 2022.
Marketing— The decrease in marketing of $0.2 million, or 29.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was driven by lower advertising costs as well as reduced client onboarding costs compared to the same period last year, which included client onboarding costs related to the Teton acquisition.
Other—The increase in other of $0.1 million, or 13.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was driven by increased subscription costs related to system and process improvements and increased travel for client meetings.
Income Tax
The Company recorded an income tax provision of $1.3 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 26.0% and 24.5%, respectively.
Segment Reporting
We have two reportable operating segments: Wealth Management and Mortgage. Our Wealth Management segment consists of operations relating to the Company’s fully integrated wealth management products and services. Services provided include deposit, loan, insurance, and trust and investment management advisory products and services for which fee revenue is recognized. Our Mortgage segment consists of operations relating to the Company’s residential mortgage service offerings. Services provided by our Mortgage segment include soliciting, originating, and selling mortgage loans into the secondary market. Mortgage products are financial in nature, for which origination fees are recognized net of origination expenses, upon the funding of the mortgage loans. Mortgage loans held for sale are accounted for under the fair value option with changes in fair value reported through earnings at inception when loans are locked to the borrower and until the loan is sold to third parties, at which time additional gains or losses on the sale are recorded. Mortgage loans originated and held for investment purposes are recorded in the Wealth Management segment, as this segment provides ongoing services to our clients.
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The following presents key metrics related to our segments during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Wealth
Management		MortgageConsolidated
Income(1)
$24,543 $1,146 $25,689 
Income/(loss) before taxes5,755 (594)5,161 
Profit margin23.4 %(51.8)%20.1 %
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Wealth
Management		MortgageConsolidated
Income(1)
$24,156 $2,518 $26,674 
Income before taxes7,011 305 7,316 
Profit margin29.0 %12.1 %27.4 %
______________________________________
(1)Net interest income after provision plus non-interest income.
The following presents selected financial metrics of each segment as of and during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Wealth Management
As of or for the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)20232022$ Change% Change
Total interest income$34,600 $19,876 $14,724 74.1 %
Total interest expense15,152 1,381 13,771 997.2 
(Release) provision for credit losses(310)210 (520)(247.6)
Net interest income, after provision for credit losses19,758 18,285 1,473 8.1 
Non-interest income4,785 5,871 (1,086)(18.5)
Total income24,543 24,156 387 1.6 
Depreciation and amortization expense586 548 38 6.9 
All other non-interest expense18,202 16,597 1,605 9.7 
Income before income tax$5,755 $7,011 $(1,256)(17.9)
Goodwill$30,400 $30,400 $— — 
Total assets2,956,908 2,539,473 417,435 16.4 
______________________________________
*Not meaningful
The Wealth Management segment reported income before income tax of $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $7.0 million for the same period in 2022. The majority of our assets and liabilities are on the Wealth Management segment balance sheet and the decrease in income before taxes is primarily driven by a decrease in non-interest income and an increase in non-interest expense, partially offset by an increase in net interest income, after provision for credit losses. The increase in non-interest expense was primarily driven by an increase in Salaries and employee benefits, driven by higher wages, higher health insurance costs, and lower deferred compensation due to fewer loan originations. The decrease in non-interest income was primarily driven by losses on loans accounted for under the fair value option and lower trust and investment management fees derived from reduced assets under management balances, which were negatively impacted by lower equity and fixed income market valuations. The increase in net interest income, after provision for credit losses, was primarily driven by an increase in average loans outstanding and an increase in average loan yields, partially offset by higher balances and rates on deposits and borrowings.
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Mortgage
As of or for the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)20232022$ Change% Change
Total interest income$112 $191 $(79)*%
Total interest expense— — — — 
Provision for credit losses— — — — 
Net interest income, after provision for loan losses112 191 (79)— 
Non-interest income1,034 2,327 (1,293)(55.6)
Total income1,146 2,518 (1,372)(54.5)
Depreciation and amortization expense8 12 (4)(33.3)
All other non-interest expense1,732 2,201 (469)(21.3)
Income/(loss) before income tax$(594)$305 $(899)(294.8)
Total assets$11,599 $37,188 $(25,589)(68.8)
___________________________________
*Not meaningful
The Mortgage segment reported a loss before income tax of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to income before income tax of $0.3 million for the same periods in 2022. The overall decrease in non-interest income was primarily driven by a slowdown in new lock volume on held for sale loans associated with rising interest rates, and reduced housing inventory. The decrease in non-interest expense was driven by a reduction in headcount to better align the operations functions with the slowdown in volume.
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Financial Condition
The following presents our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, December 31,$ Change% Change
(Dollars in thousands)20232022
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents$295,067 $196,512 $98,555 50.2 %
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $71 and $0, (fair value of $73,570 and $74,718, respectively)79,565 81,056 (1,491)(1.8)
Loans (includes $20,807 and $23,321 measured at fair value, respectively)2,469,038 2,469,413 (375)— 
Allowance for credit losses(19,843)(17,183)(2,660)15.5 
Loans, net of allowance2,449,195 2,452,230 (3,035)(0.1)
Loans held for sale at fair value— 1,965 (1,965)(100.0)
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value9,873 8,839 1,034 11.7 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net32,040 32,104 (64)(0.2)
Company-owned life insurance16,242 16,152 90 0.6 
Other assets86,525 77,890 8,635 11.1 
Total assets$2,968,507 $2,866,748 $101,759 3.5 
Deposits$2,391,927 $2,405,229 $(13,302)(0.6)
Borrowings313,552 199,018 114,534 57.5 
Other liabilities23,206 21,637 1,569 7.3 
Total liabilities2,728,685 2,625,884 102,801 3.9 
Total shareholders’ equity239,822 240,864 (1,042)(0.4)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,968,507 $2,866,748 $101,759 3.5 
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $98.6 million, or 50.2%, to $295.1 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The increase in liquidity was attained through additional Federal Reserve and FHLB borrowings as the Company desired to have increased cash levels on our balance sheet through the end of the quarter while the financial industry was experiencing heightened deposit balance volatility.
Investments decreased by $1.5 million, or 1.8%, to $79.6 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The decrease is due to $1.5 million of held-to-maturity securities paid off in the first quarter of 2023.
Loans remained flat, at $2.47 billion as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022, as portfolio growth during the quarter was offset by the transfer and sale of $39.2 million of non-relationship loans.
Mortgage loans held for sale increased $1.0 million, or 11.7%, to $9.9 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The increase was driven by the timing of loan sale settlements at the end of the quarter.
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net decreased by $0.1 million, or 0.2%, to $32.0 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The decrease was driven by amortization on intangible assets.
Other assets increased by $8.6 million, or 11.1%, to $86.5 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the purchase of correspondent bank stock during the quarter, which increased, net of redemptions, by $6.1 million as a result of increased borrowing activity.
Deposits decreased $13.3 million, or 0.6%, to $2.39 billion as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $71.1 million deposit outflow in January primarily due to client liquidity events, partially offset by net deposit inflows of $28.6 million in February and $29.3 million in March.
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Money market deposit accounts decreased $58.1 million, or 4.3%, to $1.28 billion as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. Time deposit accounts increased $130.5 million, or 58.2%, from December 31, 2022 to $354.5 million as of March 31, 2023. Negotiable order of withdrawal, or NOW accounts, decreased $42.8 million, or 18.2%, to $192.0 million from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023.
Borrowings increased $114.5 million, or 57.5%, to $313.6 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The increase is attributed to a desire to have increased cash levels on our balance sheet through the end of the quarter as the financial industry was experiencing heightened deposit balance volatility. The Company's deposit balances were stable through the end of the quarter and the increased borrowings were reduced subsequent to quarter-end.
Other liabilities increased $1.6 million, or 7.3%, to $23.2 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. The increase is primarily attributed to a $4.0 million increase in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments primarily driven by the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, partially offset by a $2.9 million dollar decrease in salaries payable at quarter-end.
Total shareholders’ equity decreased $1.0 million, or 0.4%, from December 31, 2022 to $239.8 million as of March 31, 2023. The decrease is due to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 for Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) which resulted in $5.3 million net reduction to Retained earnings offset partially by net income for the quarter.

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Assets Under Management
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(Dollars in millions)20232022
Managed Trust Balance as of Beginning of Period$1,802 $2,204 
New relationships1 24 
Closed relationships(1)(1)
Contributions3 2 
Withdrawals(86)(101)
Market change, net174 (33)
Ending Balance$1,893 $2,095 
Yield*0.18 %0.17 %
Directed Trust Balance as of Beginning of Period$1,285 $1,309 
New relationships— — 
Closed relationships— — 
Contributions2 7 
Withdrawals(2)(3)
Market change, net7 (16)
Ending Balance$1,292 $1,297 
Yield*0.09 %0.09 %
Investment Agency Balance as of Beginning of Period$1,618 $2,063 
New relationships29 11 
Closed relationships(24)(16)
Contributions19 53 
Withdrawals(45)(50)
Market change, net50 (118)
Ending Balance$1,647 $1,943 
Yield*0.74 %0.73 %
Custody Balance as of Beginning of Period$493 $633 
New relationships2 — 
Closed relationships— — 
Contributions36 78 
Withdrawals(4)(9)
Market change, net55 2 
Ending Balance$582 $704 
Yield*0.03 %0.03 %
401(k)/Retirement Balance as of Beginning of Period$909 $1,143 
New relationships— 13 
Closed relationships— (38)
Contributions26 23 
Withdrawals(24)(33)
Market change, net57 52 
Ending Balance(1)
$968 $1,160 
Yield*0.17 %0.14 %
Total Assets Under Management as of Beginning of Period$6,107 $7,352 
New relationships32 48 
Closed relationships(25)(55)
Contributions86 163 
Withdrawals(161)(196)
Market change, net343 (113)
Total Assets Under Management$6,382 $7,199 
Yield*0.29 %0.29 %
______________________________________
*Trust & investment management fees divided by period end balance.
(1)AUM reported for the current period are one quarter in arrears.
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AUM increased $275.1 million, or 4.5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022. The increase was attributable to favorable market conditions resulting in an increase in the value of AUM balances offset slightly by withdrawals.
Investment Securities
Investments we intend to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity, are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value using current market information from a pricing service, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The carrying values of our investment securities classified as available-for-sale are adjusted for unrealized gain or loss, and any gain or loss is reported on an after-tax basis as a component of other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.
Investments for which we have the intent and ability to hold to their maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and are recorded at amortized cost. Securities held-to-maturity are carried at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts using the level-yield method over the remaining period until maturity.
The Company reassessed classification of investment securities and, effective April 1, 2022, elected to transfer all securities, fair valued at $58.7 million, from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The related unrealized loss of $2.3 million included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on April 1, 2022 remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss and is being amortized out with an offsetting entry to interest income as a yield adjustment through earnings over the remaining term of the securities. No gain or loss was recorded at the time of transfer. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all our investments in securities were classified as held-to-maturity.
The following presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our investment securities as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrecognized
Gains		Gross
Unrecognized
Losses		Fair
Value		Allowance for Credit Losses
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$245 $— $(7)$238 $— 
Corporate bonds23,780 — (2,674)21,106 (71)
Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") mortgage -backed securities—residential38,465 — (2,480)35,985 — 
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") mortgage-backed securities—residential6,554 — (427)6,127 — 
Government collateralized mortgage obligations ("GMO") and mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") - commercial6,540 12 (324)6,228 — 
Corporate collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO") and mortgage-backed securities ("MBS")4,052 — (166)3,886 — 
Total securities held-to-maturity$79,636 $12 $(6,078)$73,570 $(71)
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrecognized
Gains		Gross
Unrecognized
Losses		Fair
Value
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$243 $— $(9)$234 
Corporate bonds23,819 — (2,453)21,366 
GNMA mortgage-backed securities—residential39,426 — (2,800)36,626 
FNMA mortgage-backed securities—residential6,708 — (506)6,202 
GMO and MBS—commercial6,786 13 (403)6,396 
CMO and MBS4,074 — (180)3,894 
Total securities held-to-maturity$81,056 $13 $(6,351)$74,718 
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The following presents the book value of our contractual maturities and weighted average yield for our investment securities as of the dates presented. Contractual maturities may differ from expected maturities because issuers can have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties. Our investments are taxable securities. The weighted average yield for each range of maturities was calculated using the yield on each security within that range weighted by the amortized cost of each security as of March 31, 2023. Weighted average yields are not presented on a taxable equivalent basis.
Maturity as of March 31, 2023
One Year or LessOne to Five YearsFive to Ten YearsAfter Ten Years
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield		Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield		Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield		Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$— — %$245  * %$— — %$— — %
U.S. Government agency— — — — — — — — 
Corporate bonds — — 1,991 0.11 21,531 1.22 258 0.01 
GNMA mortgage-backed securities - residential— — 93  * — — 38,372 1.20 
FNMA mortgage-backed securities - residential— — — — 1,277 0.02 5,277 0.13 
Government CMO and MBS - commercial— — 38  * 1,247 0.05 5,255 0.15 
Corporate CMO and MBS— — — — 25 *4,027 0.19 
Total held-to-maturity$— — %$2,367 0.11 %$24,080 1.29 %$53,189 1.68 %
Maturity as of December 31, 2022
One Year or LessOne to Five YearsFive to Ten YearsAfter Ten Years
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield		Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield		Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield		Amortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Yield
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury debt$— — %$243 *$— — %$— — %
U.S. Government agency— — — — %— — — — 
Corporate bonds — — 1,991 0.11 21,548 1.20 280 0.01 
GNMA mortgage-backed securities - residential— — 103 *— — 39,323 1.22 
FNMA mortgage-backed securities - residential— — — — 1,334 0.02 5,374 0.12 
Government CMO and MBS - commercial— — 47 *1,200 0.04 5,539 0.14 
Corporate CMO and MBS— — — — 26 *4,048 0.19 
Total held-to-maturity$— — %$2,384 0.11 %$24,108 1.26 %$54,564 1.68 %
______________________________________
*Not meaningful
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity.
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Allowance for Credit Losses for HTM Securities

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new CECL standard, ASU 2016-13, using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost. Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The majority of our held-to-maturity investment portfolio consists of securities issues by U.S. government entities and agencies and we consider the risk of credit loss to be zero and, therefore, we do not record an ACL. The Company's non-government backed securities include private label CMO and MBS as well as bank subordinated debt. Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities totaled $0.5 million at March 31, 2023 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held-to-maturity by major security type for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

March 31, 2023Corporate BondsCorporate CMO
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$— $— 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-1371 — 
Provision for credit losses— — 
Securities charged-off (recoveries)— — 
Total ending allowance balance$71 $— 
Loan Portfolio
Our primary source of interest income is derived through interest earned on loans to high net worth individuals and their related commercial interests. Our senior lending and credit team consists of seasoned, experienced personnel and we believe that our officers are well versed in the types of lending in which we are engaged. Underwriting policies and decisions are managed centrally and the approval process is tiered based on loan size, making the process consistent, efficient, and effective. The management team and credit culture demands prudent, practical, and conservative approaches to all credit requests in compliance with the loan policy guidelines to ensure strong credit underwriting practices.
In addition to originating loans for our own portfolio, we conduct mortgage banking activities in which we originate and sell servicing-released, whole loans in the secondary market. Our mortgage banking loan sale activities are primarily directed at originating single family mortgages that are priced and underwritten to conform to previously agreed-upon criteria before loan funding and are delivered to the investor shortly after funding. The level of future loan originations, loan sales, and loan repayments depends on overall credit availability, the interest rate environment, the strength of the general economy, local real estate markets and the housing industry, and conditions in the secondary loan sale market. The amount of gain or loss on the sale of loans is primarily driven by market conditions and changes in interest rates, as well as our pricing and asset liability management strategies. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had mortgage loans held for sale of $9.9 million and $8.8 million, respectively, in residential mortgage loans we originated.
Beginning in the first quarter of 2022, the Company entered into whole loan purchase agreements to acquire third party originated and serviced unsecured consumer loans to hold for investment. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has $20.8 million in loans accounted for under the fair value option with an unpaid principal balance amount of $21.1 million. See Note 13 – Fair Value in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company has $6.0 million in PPP loans outstanding with $0.1 million in remaining fees to be recognized. The remaining fees represent the net amount of the fees from the SBA for participation in the PPP less the loan origination costs on these loans. The current amortization of this income is being recognized over a five-year period from the time of origination, however, if a loan receives full forgiveness from the SBA or if the borrower repays the loan, the remaining income will be recognized upon payoff.
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Current Expected Credit Losses or CECL which requires an allowance for credit losses on all portfolio loans including purchased loans without credit deterioration. As of March 31, 2023, the Company held $233.3 million in acquired loans with $2.2 million in allowance for credit losses as well as $4.1 million in unamortized discounts.
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The following presents the amortized cost of our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31,December 31,
20232022
Amount% of Total Amount% of Total
Cash, Securities, and Other(1)
$157,264 6.4 %$165,559 6.6 %
Consumer and Other(2)
42,503 1.7 49,391 2.0 
Construction and Development281,281 11.4 285,627 11.6 
1-4 Family Residential891,639 36.1 899,722 36.4 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE533,218 21.6 493,134 20.0 
Owner Occupied CRE221,709 9.0 214,189 8.7 
Commercial and Industrial341,424 13.8 361,791 14.7 
Total loans held for investment(3)
$2,469,038 100.0 %$2,469,413 100.0 %
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value$9,873  $8,839  
Loans held for sale, at fair value$— $1,965 
______________________________________
(1)Includes PPP loans of $6.0 million and $6.9 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)Includes $21.1 million and $23.4 million of unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment accounted for under fair value option as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
•Cash, Securities, and Other—consists of consumer and commercial purpose loans, which are primarily secured by securities managed and under custody with us, cash on deposit with us, or life insurance policies. In addition, loans in this portfolio are collateralized with other sources of collateral. This segment of our portfolio is affected by a variety of local and national economic factors affecting borrowers’ employment prospects, income levels, and overall economic sentiment. PPP loans that are fully guaranteed by the SBA are classified within this line item and had balances of $6.0 million and $6.9 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
•Consumer and Other—consists of unsecured consumer loans. Loans held for investment accounted for under the fair value option are also classified within this line item and had an unpaid principal balance of $21.1 million and $23.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
•Construction and Development—consists of loans to finance the construction of residential and non-residential properties. These loans are dependent on the strength of the industries of the related borrowers and the risks consistent with construction projects.
•1-4 Family Residential—consists of loans and home equity lines of credit secured by 1-4 family residential properties. These loans typically enable borrowers to purchase or refinance existing homes, most of which serve as the primary residence of the owner. In addition, some borrowers secure a commercial purpose loan with owner occupied or non-owner occupied 1-4 family residential properties. Loans in this segment are dependent on the industries tied to these loans as well as the national and local economies, and local residential and commercial real estate markets.
•Commercial Real Estate, Owner Occupied, and Non-Owner Occupied—consists of commercial loans collateralized by real estate. These loans may be collateralized by owner occupied or non-owner occupied real estate, as well as multi-family residential real estate. These loans are dependent on the strength of the industries of the related borrowers and the success of their businesses.
•Commercial and Industrial—consists of commercial and industrial loans, including working capital lines of credit, permanent working capital term loans, business asset loans, acquisition, expansion and development loans, and other loan products, primarily in our target markets. This portfolio primarily consists of term loans and lines of credit which are dependent on the strength of the industries of the related borrowers and the success of their businesses. MSLP loans of $5.4 million and $5.9 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, are classified within this line item.
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The contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with fixed and floating interest rates in each maturity range, at amortized cost as of the dates noted, are summarized in the following tables:
As of March 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)One Year
or Less		One Through
Five Years		Five Through
Fifteen Years		After
Fifteen Years		Total
Cash, Securities, and Other$52,519 
(1)
$102,561 
(1)
$1,502 $682 $157,264 
Consumer and Other(2)
11,810 27,398 2,248 1,047 42,503 
Construction and Development91,568 169,288 15,886 4,539 281,281 
1-4 Family Residential31,234 164,497 31,532 664,376 891,639 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE29,679 308,768 181,311 13,460 533,218 
Owner Occupied CRE17,198 97,048 96,036 11,427 221,709 
Commercial and Industrial115,890 173,791 51,743 — 341,424 
Total loans$349,898 $1,043,351 $380,258 $695,531 $2,469,038 
Amounts with fixed rates$121,754 704,013 330,186 664,412 $1,820,365 
Amounts with floating rates228,144 339,338 50,072 31,119 648,673 
Total loans$349,898 $1,043,351 $380,258 $695,531 $2,469,038 
As of December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)One Year
or Less		One Through
Five Years		Five Through
Fifteen Years		After
Fifteen Years		Total
Cash, Securities, and Other$58,461 
(1)
$104,848 
(1)
$1,565 $685 $165,559 
Consumer and Other16,972 29,133 2,236 1,050 49,391 
Construction and Development71,046 199,632 14,694 255 285,627 
1-4 Family Residential25,862 179,207 34,205 660,448 899,722 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE34,341 258,327 185,297 15,169 493,134 
Owner Occupied CRE6,427 81,499 114,734 11,529 214,189 
Commercial and Industrial94,513 218,043 49,235 — 361,791 
Total loans$307,622 $1,070,689 $401,966 $689,136 $2,469,413 
Amounts with fixed rates$126,298 $505,084 $202,062 $86,872 $920,316 
Amounts with floating rates181,324 565,605 199,904 602,264 1,549,097 
Total loans$307,622 $1,070,689 $401,966 $689,136 $2,469,413 
______________________________________
(1) Includes PPP loans.
(2)Includes loans held for investment accounted for under fair value option.
Loan Modifications
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, a loan modification program was designed and implemented to assist our clients experiencing financial stress resulting from the economic impacts caused by the global pandemic. The Company was offering loan extensions, temporary payment moratoriums, and financial covenant waivers for commercial and consumer borrowers impacted by the pandemic who have a pass risk rating and have not been delinquent over 30 days on payments in the last two years.
In 2021, the deferral period ended for all non-acquired loans previously modified and payments resumed under the original terms. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s loan portfolio included 45 non-acquired loans which were previously modified under the loan modification program, totaling $76.4 million. Through the Teton Acquisition, the Company acquired loans which were previously modified and are no longer in their deferral period. As of March 31, 2023, there were 14 of these loans, totaling $3.1 million.
All loans modified in response to COVID-19 are classified as performing and pass rated as of March 31, 2023 and included in the allowance for credit losses. Management has increased our loan level reviews and portfolio monitoring to address the changing environment. Management believes the diversity of the loan portfolio is prudent and remains consistent with the credit culture and goals of the Bank.
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Interest accrued during the modification term on modified loans is deferred to the end of the loan term. Interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Non-Performing Assets
Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans and OREO. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan becomes 90 or more days delinquent unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection or renewal due to maturity. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual status or charged off if collection of interest or principal is considered doubtful.
OREO represents assets acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure. The amounts reported as OREO are supported by recent appraisals, with the appraised values adjusted, where applicable, for expected transaction fees likely to be incurred upon sale of the property. We incur recurring expenses relating to OREO in the form of maintenance, taxes, insurance, and legal fees, among others, until the OREO parcel is disposed. While disposition efforts with respect to our OREO are generally ongoing, if these properties are appraised at lower-than-expected values or if we are unable to sell the properties at the prices for which we expect to be able to sell them, we may incur additional losses. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized an immaterial amount of gains on the sale of OREO.
The amount of lost interest for non-accrual loans was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the amount of lost interest was immaterial.
We had $12.4 million and $12.3 million in non-performing assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The following presents information regarding non-performing loans as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31,December 31,
20232022
Non-accrual loans by category
Cash, Securities, and Other$— $4 
Consumer and Other— 5 
Construction and Development— 201 
Owner Occupied CRE1,135 1,165 
Commercial and Industrial11,124 10,762 
Total non-accrual loans12,259 12,137 
OREO— — 
Total non-performing assets$12,259 $12,137 
Non-accrual loans to total loans(1)
0.50 %0.50 %
Non-performing assets to total assets0.41 0.43 
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans161.86 139.14 
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due$4,726 $25 
______________________________________
(1)Excludes mortgage loans held for sale of $9.9 million and $8.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Credit Quality Indicators
We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk on a quarterly basis, which are segregated into the following definitions for risk ratings:
Special Mention—Loans categorized as special mention have a potential weakness or borrowing relationships that require more than the usual amount of management attention. Adverse industry conditions, deteriorating financial conditions, declining trends, management problems, documentation deficiencies, or other similar weaknesses may be evident. Ability to meet current payment schedules may be questionable, even though interest and principal are still being paid as agreed. The asset has potential weaknesses that may result in deteriorating repayment prospects if left uncorrected. Loans in this risk grade are not considered adversely classified.
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Substandard—Substandard loans are considered "classified" and are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans in this category may be placed on non-accrual status and may individually be evaluated.
Doubtful—Loans graded doubtful are considered "classified" and have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. However, the amount or certainty of eventual loss is not known because of specific pending factors.
Loans accounted for under the fair value option are not rated.
Loans not meeting any of the three criteria above are considered to be pass-rated loans.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, non-performing loans of $12.3 million and $12.1 million, respectively, were included in the substandard category in the table below. The following presents the amortized cost basis of loans by credit quality indicator, by class of financing receivable, as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
As of March 31, 2023
PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardNot RatedTotal
Cash, Securities, and Other(1)
$157,264 $— $— $— $157,264 
Consumer and Other(2)
21,696 — — 20,807 42,503 
Construction and Development281,281 — — — 281,281 
1-4 Family Residential891,639 — — — 891,639 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE524,498 5,095 3,625 — 533,218 
Owner Occupied CRE220,573 — 1,136 — 221,709 
Commercial and Industrial324,404 2,896 14,124 — 341,424 
Total$2,421,355 $7,991 $18,885 $20,807 $2,469,038 
As of December 31, 2022
PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardNot RatedTotal
Cash, Securities, and Other(1)
$165,555$—$4$—$165,559
Consumer and Other26,070——23,32149,391
Construction and Development285,426—201—285,627
1-4 Family Residential899,722———899,722
Non-Owner Occupied CRE493,134———493,134
Owner Occupied CRE213,024—1,165—214,189
Commercial and Industrial348,8442,18510,762—361,791
Total$2,431,775 $2,185 $12,132 $23,321 $2,469,413 
______________________________________
(1)Includes PPP loans of $6.0 million and $6.9 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)Includes $21.1 million and $23.4 million of unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment accounted for under fair value option as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
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Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new CECL standard, ASU 2016-13, using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost. Reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASU 2016-13 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. Beginning January 1, 2023, the allowance for credit losses for loans is measured on the loan’s amortized cost basis, excluding interest receivable. Interest receivable excluded at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $10.0 million and $9.8 million, respectively.
The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The ACL excludes loans held for sale and loans accounted for under the fair value option. The Company elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivables, as we write off applicable accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner when a loan is placed on non-accrual status, in which any accrued but uncollected interest is reversed from current income. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Actual Company and regional peer historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The Company identified and grouped portfolio segments based on risk characteristics and underlying collateral. The call code for each financial asset type was assessed and, where appropriate, expanded for certain call codes into separate segments based on risk characteristics.

ACL for pooled loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology using the amortized cost basis (excluding interest) for all loans modeled within a performing pool of loans. The DCF analysis pairs loan-level term information, for example, maturity date, payment amount, interest rate, with top-down pool assumptions such as default rates, prepayment speeds, to produce individual expected cash flows for every instrument in the segment. The results are then aggregated to produce segment level results and reserve requirements for each segment.

The quantitative DCF model also incorporates forward-looking macroeconomic information over a reasonable and supportable period of two years. Subsequent to two year period, the Company reverts to its historical loss rate and historical prepayment and curtailment speeds on a straight-line basis over a one year reversion period.
The Company applies qualitative factors to capture losses that are expected but may not be adequately reflected in the quantitative model described above. Qualitative adjustments are made based on management’s assessment of the risks that may lead to a future loan loss or differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, changes in environmental and economic conditions, or other relevant factors.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the pooled loan evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
Allowance for credit losses - held-to-maturity securities: Held-to maturity securities are carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. The majority of our held-to-maturity investment portfolio consists of securities issues by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. With respect to these securities, we consider the risk of credit loss to be zero and, therefore, we do not record an ACL for these securities. The Company's non-government backed securities include private label CMO and MBS and bank subordinated debt. Private label refers to private institutions such as brokerage firms, banks, and home builders, that also securitize mortgages.

Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management classifies the held-to-maturity portfolio into the follow major security types: Corporate bonds and Corporate CMO.
Allowance for credit losses - off-balance sheet credit exposures: The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through the Provision for credit losses and is recorded in Other liabilities. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The probability of funding is based on historical utilization statistics for
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unfunded loan commitments. The loss rates used are calculated using the same assumptions as the associated funded balance.
The following presents summary information regarding our allowance for credit losses during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2023
2022(5)
Average loans outstanding(1)(2)
$2,479,644 $1,922,770 
Total loans outstanding at end of period(3)
$2,469,038 $1,923,825 
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period$17,183 $13,732 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-133,470 — 
(Release) provision for credit losses(805)210 
Charge-offs:    
Cash, Securities, and Other— (97)
Consumer and Other(17)— 
Construction and Development— — 
1-4 Family Residential— — 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE— — 
Owner Occupied CRE— — 
Commercial and Industrial— — 
Total charge-offs(17)(97)
Recoveries:  
Cash, Securities, and Other— 40 
Consumer and Other11 — 
Construction and Development— — 
1-4 Family Residential— — 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE— — 
Owner Occupied CRE— — 
Commercial and Industrial1 — 
Total recoveries12 40 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(5)(57)
Allowance for credit losses at end of period$19,843 $13,885 
Allowance for credit losses to total loans(4)
0.80 %0.72 %
Net charge-offs to average loans**
______________________________________
(1)Average balances are average daily balances.
(2)Excludes average outstanding balances of mortgage loans held for sale of $7.5 million and $22.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(3)Excludes mortgage loans held for sale of $9.9 million and $33.7 million as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Includes $5.4 million and $13.1 million in bank originated PPP loans as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $0.6 million and $3.6 million of acquired PPP loans as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Includes $21.1 million and $6.4 million of loans held for investment accounted for under the fair value option.
(4)No reserve is allocated for loans held for investment accounted for under the fair value option. Excluding these loans would result in an increase of the ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(5)Allowance for credit loss amounts for periods prior to the ASU 2016-13 adoption date of January 1, 2023 are reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.
(*)Immaterial
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The following presents the allocation of the allowance for credit losses among loan categories and other summary information. The allocation for credit losses by category should neither be interpreted as an indication of future charge-offs, nor as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in these amounts or in the indicated proportions. The allocation of a portion of the allowance for loan losses to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.
As of March 31, 2023As of December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Amount
%(2)
Amount(1)
%(2)
Cash, Securities, and Other$1,451 6.4 %$1,198 6.6 %
Consumer and Other196 1.7 191 2.0 
Construction and Development6,229 11.4 2,025 11.6 
1-4 Family Residential3,821 36.1 6,309 36.4 
Non-Owner Occupied CRE2,709 21.6 3,490 20.0 
Owner Occupied CRE1,272 9.0 1,510 8.7 
Commercial and Industrial4,165 13.8 2,460 14.7 
Total allowance for loan losses$19,843 100.0 %$17,183 100.0 %
______________________________________
(1)Allowance for credit loss amounts for periods prior to the ASU 2016-13 adoption date of January 1, 2023 are reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.
(2)Represents the percentage of loans to total loans in the respective category.

Allowance for credit losses - off-balance sheet credit exposures
The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through Provision for credit losses and is recorded in Other liabilities. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The probability of funding is based on historical utilization statistics for unfunded loan commitments. The loss rates used are calculated using the same assumptions as the associated funded balance. The following table presents the changes in the ACL on unfunded loan commitments:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Beginning balance$419 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-133,481 
Provision for credit losses495 
Ending balance$4,395 
Deferred Tax Assets, Net
Deferred tax assets, net represent the differences in timing of when items are recognized for GAAP purposes and when they are recognized for tax purposes, as well as our net operating losses. Our deferred tax assets, net are valued based on the amounts that are expected to be recovered in the future utilizing the tax rates in effect at the time recognized. Our deferred tax assets, net as of March 31, 2023, decreased $0.1 million, or 1.8%, compared to December 31, 2022.
Deposits
Our deposit products include money market accounts, demand deposit accounts, time deposit accounts (typically certificates of deposit), NOW accounts (interest checking accounts), and saving accounts. Our accounts are federally insured by the FDIC up to the legal maximum amount.
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Total deposits decreased by $13.3 million, or 0.6%, to $2.39 billion as of March 31, 2023 from December 31, 2022. Total average deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $2.35 billion, an increase of $77.6 million, or 3.4%, compared to $2.27 billion as of March 31, 2022. The decrease in total deposits from December 31, 2022 was attributable to a $71.1 million deposit outflow in January primarily due to client liquidity events, partially offset by net deposit inflows of $28.6 million in February and $29.3 million in March. The increase in average deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was driven primarily by organic growth through new and expanded client relationships.
The following presents the average balances and average rates paid on deposits during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
As of or for the Three Months Ended March 31, 
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance		Average
Rate		Average
Balance		Average
Rate
Deposits    
Money market deposit accounts$1,265,595 3.36 %$1,095,317 0.20 %
NOW accounts213,709 0.41 308,579 0.16 
Uninsured time deposits148,756 2.86 53,632 1.02 
Other time deposits153,542 3.52 114,943 0.47 
Total time deposits302,298 3.20 168,575 0.64 
Savings accounts24,392 0.02 32,843 0.05 
Total interest-bearing deposits1,805,994 2.94 1,605,314 0.24 
Noninterest-bearing accounts545,670  668,705  
Total deposits$2,351,664 2.26 %$2,274,019 0.17 %

Average noninterest-bearing deposits to average total deposits was 23.2% and 29.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Our average cost of funds was 2.41% and 0.24% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in cost of funds was primarily driven by increased rates on interest-bearing deposit accounts and borrowings due to the rising rate environment, an unfavorable mix shift in deposit balances, and an increase in short-term borrowings which provided additional liquidity for funding the growth in the balance sheet.
Total money market accounts as of March 31, 2023 were $1.28 billion, a decrease of $58.1 million, or 4.3%, compared to December 31, 2022. NOW accounts decreased $42.8 million, or 18.2%, to $192.0 million compared to December 31, 2022.
Total time deposits as of March 31, 2023 were $354.5 million, an increase of $130.5 million, or 58.2%, from December 31, 2022.
The following presents the amount of certificates of deposit by time remaining until maturity as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months or LessThree to Six MonthsSix to 12 MonthsAfter 12 MonthsTotal
Uninsured Time Deposits$14,001$14,609$47,849$22,822$99,281
Other55,40557,28192,43250,146255,264
Total$69,406$71,890$140,281$72,968$354,545
Borrowings
We have short-term and long-term borrowing sources available to supplement deposits and meet our liquidity needs. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, borrowings totaled $313.6 million and $199.0 million, respectively. On January 1, 2022, the Company redeemed subordinated notes due December 31, 2026 in the amount of $6.6 million, which were redeemable on or after January 1, 2022.
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On March 12, 2023 the Federal Reserve Board announced it would make additional funding available to eligible depository institutions to help assure banks have the ability to meet the needs of depositors made available through the creation of a new Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”). The BTFP is meant to be an additional resource of liquidity against high-quality securities, eliminating an institutions need to quickly sell those securities in times of stress. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has pledged a market value of $29.4 million in securities under the BTFP and borrowed $32.1 million with a maturity date of March 27, 2024. The rate for the borrowing is based on the one year overnight swap rate plus 10 basis points and is fixed over the term of the advanced based on the date of the advance. The borrowing can be pre-paid at any time without penalty.
The increase in borrowings as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 is attributed to additional FHLB borrowings driven by a desire to have increased cash levels on our balance sheet through the end of the quarter as the financial industry was experiencing heightened deposit balance volatility, partially offset by the paydown of loans in the Paycheck Protection Program Loan Facility (“PPPLF”) from the Federal Reserve with a period end balance of $4.6 million. Borrowing from the PPPLF is expected to trend in the same direction as the PPP loan balances. The following presents balances of each of the borrowing facilities as of the dates noted (dollars in thousands):
March 31,December 31,
20232022
Borrowings  
FHLB borrowings$224,712 $141,498 
Federal Reserve borrowings36,673 5,388 
Subordinated notes52,167 52,132 
Total$313,552 $199,018 
FHLB
We have a blanket pledge and security agreement with FHLB that requires certain loans and securities to be pledged as collateral for any outstanding borrowings under the agreement. The collateral pledged as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 amounted to $1.33 billion and $1.26 billion, respectively. Based on this collateral and the Company’s holdings of FHLB stock, the Company was eligible to borrow an additional $717.0 million as of March 31, 2023.
As of or for the
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2023
Short-term borrowings
Maximum outstanding at any month-end during the period$343,100 
Balance outstanding at end of period224,712 
Average outstanding during the period124,091 
Average interest rate during the period2.02 %
Average interest rate at the end of the period1.19 
The Bank has borrowing capacity associated with two unsecured federal funds lines of credit up to $10.0 million and $19.0 million. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding on any of the federal funds lines.
Our borrowing facilities include various financial and other covenants, including, but not limited to, a requirement that the Bank maintains regulatory capital that is deemed "well capitalized" by federal banking agencies. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the covenant requirements.

Derivatives
On March 21, 2023, the Company executed an interest rate swap with a notional amount that was designated as a cash flow hedge of certain Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings and brokered CDs. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements. The swap hedges the benchmark index (SOFR) with a receive float/pay fixed swap for the period March 21, 2023 through April 1, 2026 (4.78%). The
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notional amount of the interest rate swap as of March 31, 2023 was $50.0 million. See Note 14 - Derivatives for more information on this interest rate swap.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity resources primarily include interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits which contribute to our ability to raise funds to support asset growth, acquisitions, and meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations. Access to purchased funds include the ability to borrow from FHLB, other correspondent banks, and the use of brokered deposits.
The following presents the composition of our funding sources and the average assets in which those funds are invested as a percentage of average total assets during the periods presented.
Average Percentages for the Three Months Ended
March 31,
20232022
Sources of Funds:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing19.41 %25.87 %
Interest-bearing64.25 62.10 
FHLB and Federal Reserve borrowings5.07 1.28 
Subordinated notes1.85 1.27 
Other liabilities0.93 0.91 
Shareholders’ equity8.49 8.57 
Total100.00 %100.00 %
Uses of Funds:  
Total loans87.48 %73.85 %
Investment securities2.92 2.16 
Correspondent bank stock0.34 0.06 
Mortgage loans held for sale0.27 0.88 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions4.54 18.36 
Federal funds sold— 0.05 
Noninterest-earning assets4.45 4.64 
Total100.00 %100.00 %
Average noninterest-bearing deposits to total average deposits23.20 %29.41 %
Average loans to total average deposits105.44 84.55 
Average interest-bearing deposits to total average deposits76.80 70.59 
Our primary source of funds is interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits, and our primary use of funds is loans. We do not expect a change in the primary source or use of our funds in the foreseeable future.
Capital Resources
Total shareholders’ equity decreased $1.0 million, or 0.4%, from December 31, 2022 to $239.8 million as of March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $5.3 million, net of tax, decrease to retained earnings upon the Company’s adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023, partially offset by net income.
On January 6, 2022, the Company filed a Form S-3 Registration Statement with the SEC providing that the Company may offer and sell from time to time, separately or together, in multiple series or in one or more offerings, any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, depository shares and units, up to a maximum aggregate offer price of $100 million.
We are subject to various regulatory capital adequacy requirements at a consolidated level and the Bank level. These requirements are administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct
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material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.
Capital levels are viewed as important indicators of an institution’s financial soundness by banking regulators. Generally, FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they hold. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our holding company and Bank were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank was classified as "well capitalized," for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we continue to grow our operations and maintain capital requirements, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. We continue to monitor growth and control our capital activities in order to remain in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital standards.
The following presents our regulatory capital ratios during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
AmountRatio AmountRatio
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets  
Bank$238,556 10.29 %$234,738 10.29 %
Consolidated Company215,534 9.28 212,229 9.28 
Common Equity Tier 1(CET1) to risk-weighted assets
Bank238,556 10.29 234,738 10.29 
Consolidated Company215,534 9.28 212,229 9.28 
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Bank257,661 11.12 252,398 11.06 
Consolidated Company287,639 12.39 282,889 12.37 
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Bank238,556 8.59 234,738 8.65 
Consolidated Company215,534 7.75 212,229 7.81 
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We enter into credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Commitments may expire without being utilized. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments, although material losses are not anticipated. We follow the same credit policies in making commitments as we do for on-balance sheet instruments.
The following presents future contractual obligations to make future payments during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
As of March 31, 2023
1 Year
or Less		More than
1 Year but Less
than 3 Years		More than
3 Years but Less
than 5 Years		5 Years
or More		Total
FHLB and Federal Reserve$256,780 $— $4,605 $— $261,385 
Subordinated notes— — — 52,167 
(1)
52,167 
Time deposits281,577 32,068 40,900 — 354,545 
Minimum lease payments3,129 4,657 1,512 1,565 10,863 
Total$541,486 $36,725 $47,017 $53,732 $678,960 
______________________________________
(1)Reflects contractual maturity dates of March 31, 2030, December 1, 2030, September 1, 2031, and December 15, 2032.
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The following presents financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk, as of the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Fixed Rate Variable RateFixed RateVariable Rate
Unused lines of credit$207,561$613,346$211,285$601,202
Standby letters of credit8,80914,1898,57116,737
Commitments to make loans to sell40,210—13,553—
Commitments to make loans13,39812,89520,89581,663
We may enter into contracts for services in the conduct of ordinary business operations, which may require payment for services to be provided in the future and may contain penalty clauses for early termination of the contracts. We do not believe these off-balance sheet arrangements have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources. However, there can be no assurance that such arrangements will not have an effect on future operations.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting policies and procedures are described in Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as well as the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market prices and rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and equity prices. Our market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in lending, investing, and deposit taking activities. To that end, management actively monitors and manages interest rate risk exposure. We do not have any market risk sensitive instruments entered into for trading purposes.
Management uses various asset/liability strategies to manage the re-pricing characteristics of our assets and liabilities designed to ensure that exposure to interest rate fluctuations is limited within established guidelines of acceptable levels of risk-taking.
The board of directors monitors interest rate risk by analyzing the potential impact on the net economic value of equity and net interest income from potential changes in interest rates and considers the impact of alternative strategies or changes in balance sheet structure. We manage our balance sheet, in part, to maintain the potential impact on economic value of equity and net interest income within acceptable ranges despite changes in interest rates.
Our exposure to interest rate risk is reviewed at least quarterly by the board of directors. Interest rate risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the change in net interest income and economic value of equity in the event of hypothetical changes in interest rates. If potential changes to net economic value of equity and net interest income resulting from hypothetical interest rate changes are not within the limits established by our board of directors, the board of directors may direct management to adjust the asset and liability mix to bring interest rate risk within board-approved limits.
The following presents the sensitivity in net interest income and fair value of equity during the periods presented, using a parallel ramp scenario.
Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)As of March 31, 2023As of December 31, 2022
Percent Change
in Net Interest
Income		Percent Change
in Fair Value of
Equity		Percent Change
in Net Interest
Income		Percent Change
in Fair Value of
Equity
200(2.51)%(9.58)%(2.26)%(9.99)%
100(1.31)(4.97)(1.13)(5.09)
Base— — — — 
-1000.62 0.60 1.08 2.07 
-2004.02 (7.94)4.33 (4.27)
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The model simulations as of March 31, 2023 imply that our balance sheet has remained in a neutral position compared to our balance sheet as of December 31, 2022.
Although the simulation model is useful in identifying potential exposure to interest rate changes, actual results for net interest income and economic value of equity may differ. There are a variety of factors that can impact the outcomes such as timing and magnitude of interest rate changes, asset and liability mix, pre-payment speeds, deposit beta assumptions, and decay rates that differ from our projections. Additionally, the results do not account for actions implemented to manage our interest rate risk exposure.
Impact of Inflation
Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included within this Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.
Our assets and liabilities are substantially monetary in nature. Therefore, changes in interest rates can significantly impact our performance beyond the general effects of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or magnitude as prices of general goods and services, while other operating expenses can be correlated with the impact of general levels of inflation.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the “Exchange Act”) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Beginning January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The Company implemented changes to the policies, processes, and controls over the estimation of the allowance for credit losses to support the adoption of ASU 2016-13. While many controls in operation under this new standard mirror controls under prior GAAP, there were some new controls implemented. Except as related to the adoption of ASU 2016‑13, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
The Company, from time to time, is involved in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. While the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management, after consulting with our legal counsel, that no proceedings exist, either individually or in the aggregate, which, if determined adversely to the Company, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 1A.  Risk Factors
The following risk factor represents a material change to the risk factors previously disclosed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us
The lack of soundness of other financial institutions or financial market utilities may adversely affect the Company. The Company’s ability to engage in routine funding and other transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial institutions are interdependent because of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships. Defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial institutions or financial market utilities, or the financial services industry generally, may lead to market-wide liquidity problems and losses of client, creditor and counterparty confidence and could lead to losses or defaults by other financial institutions, or the Company.

Recent events relating to the failures of certain banking entities in March and April of 2023 have caused general uncertainty regarding the adequacy of liquidity of banks, in particular regional banks which in turn has generated significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies. Although we are not directly impacted by these recent bank failures, the resulting speed and with which news, including social media outlets, led depositors to withdraw or attempt to withdraw funds from these and other financial institutions, as well as the volatile impact to stock prices, could have a material effect on the Company’s operations.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Total number
of shares
purchased (1)
Average
price paid
per share		 Total number of
shares purchased
as part of publicly
announced plans
or programs		Maximum number (or
approximate dollar
value) of shares
that may yet be
purchased under the
plans or programs
January 1, 2023 through January 31, 2023347$28.15 ——
February 1, 2023 through February 28, 20231,54127.00——
March 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023————
______________________________________
(1) These shares relate to the net settlement by employees related to vested, restricted stock awards and do not impact the shares available for repurchase. Net settlements represent instances where employees elect to satisfy their income tax liability related to the vesting of restricted stock through the surrender of a proportionate number of the vested shares to the Company.
Item 3.    Defaults upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
79
Item 5.    Other Information
Not applicable.
80
Table of Contents
Item 6.Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
______________________________________
*      Filed herewith.
**   These exhibits are furnished herewith and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
81
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
First Western Financial, Inc.
May 5, 2023By:/s/ Scott C. Wylie
DateScott C. Wylie
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President
May 5, 2023By:/s/ Julie A. Courkamp
DateJulie A. Courkamp
Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer
82

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