3D Systems
DDD
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3D Systems - 10-Q quarterly report FY


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Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
   
þ
 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008
OR
o
 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                    to                    
 
Commission FileNo. 0-22250
 
 
3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
 
   
DELAWARE 95-4431352
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
   
333 THREE D SYSTEMS CIRCLE
ROCK HILL, SOUTH CAROLINA
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 29730
(Zip Code)
 
(803) 326-3900
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 
Yes þ     No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” inRule 12b-2of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
       
Large accelerated filer o
 Accelerated filer þ Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if smaller reporting company)
 Smaller reporting company o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined inRule 12b-2of the Exchange Act.)  Yes o     No þ
 
APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.  Yes o     No o
 
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
Shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001, outstanding as of July 31, 2008: 22,364,637
 


 


Table of Contents

 
PART I. — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.  Financial Statements.
 
3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
         
  June 30,
  December 31,
 
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands,
 
  except par value)
 
  (unaudited) 
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
        
Cash and cash equivalents
 $19,109  $29,689 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,845 (2008) and $2,072 (2007)
  28,503   31,115 
Inventories, net of reserves of $2,672 (2008) and $2,306 (2007)
  26,085   20,041 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  3,648   4,429 
Deferred income tax assets
  586   693 
Restricted cash
  1,200   1,200 
Assets held for sale
  3,454   3,454 
         
Total current assets
  82,585   90,621 
Property and equipment, net
  24,820   21,331 
Goodwill
  48,742   47,682 
Other intangible assets, net
  4,460   5,170 
Other assets, net
  2,755   2,581 
         
  $163,362  $167,385 
         
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
        
Industrial development bonds
 $3,205  $3,325 
Current portion of capitalized lease obligations
  188   181 
Accounts payable
  20,501   20,712 
Accrued liabilities
  10,178   12,248 
Customer deposits
  3,626   1,537 
Deferred revenue
  11,299   11,712 
         
Total current liabilities
  48,997   49,715 
Long-term portion of capitalized lease obligations
  8,567   8,663 
Other liabilities
  4,524   4,238 
         
Total liabilities
  62,088   62,616 
         
         
Commitments and contingencies
      
         
Stockholders’ equity:
        
Preferred stock, authorized 5,000 shares; none issued
      
Common stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 60,000 shares; 22,417 (2008) and 22,224 (2007) shares issued
  22   22 
Additional paid-in capital
  175,592   173,645 
Treasury stock, at cost; 52 shares (2008) and 50 shares (2007)
  (113)  (111)
Accumulated deficit
  (79,417)  (72,403)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
  5,190   3,616 
         
Total stockholders’ equity
  101,274   104,769 
         
  $163,362  $167,385 
         
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
  (In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
  (unaudited) 
 
Revenue:
                
Products
 $27,713  $27,591  $50,478  $56,150 
Services
  8,943   8,835   17,965   17,208 
                 
Total revenue
  36,656   36,426   68,443   73,358 
                 
Cost of sales:
                
Products
  15,795   15,864   27,522   29,928 
Services
  7,541   7,083   14,175   14,048 
                 
Total cost of sales
  23,336   22,947   41,697   43,976 
                 
Gross profit
  13,320   13,479   26,746   29,382 
                 
Operating expenses:
                
Selling, general and administrative
  12,555   14,872   25,619   29,764 
Research and development
  3,578   3,528   7,175   6,615 
                 
Total operating expenses
  16,133   18,400   32,794   36,379 
                 
Operating loss
  (2,813)  (4,921)  (6,048)  (6,997)
Interest and other expense, net
  200   559   270   1,245 
                 
Loss before income taxes
  (3,013)  (5,480)  (6,318)  (8,242)
Provision for (benefit of) income taxes
  310   (177)  696   181 
                 
Net loss
 $(3,323) $(5,303) $(7,014) $(8,423)
                 
                 
Net loss per share — basic
 $(0.15) $(0.27) $(0.31) $(0.44)
                 
Net loss per share — diluted
 $(0.15) $(0.27) $(0.31) $(0.44)
                 
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
 
         
  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands)
 
  (unaudited) 
 
Cash flow used in operating activities:
        
Net loss
 $(7,014) $(8,423)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
        
Provision for (benefit of) deferred income taxes
  110   (149)
Depreciation and amortization
  3,123   3,647 
Provision for (benefit of) bad debts
  287   (28)
Stock-based compensation
  856   1,660 
Changes in operating accounts:
        
Accounts receivable
  4,353   8,591 
Inventories
  (7,589)  181 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  899   1,587 
Accounts payable
  (1,616)  (9,571)
Accrued liabilities
  (2,749)  (1,384)
Customer deposits
  1,961   (4,993)
Deferred revenue
  (783)  965 
Other operating assets and liabilities
  (219)  325 
         
Net cash used in operating activities
  (8,381)  (7,592)
         
Cash flows used in investing activities:
        
Purchases of property and equipment
  (3,244)  (417)
Additions to license and patent costs
  (230)  (262)
Software development costs
     (300)
         
Net cash used in investing activities
  (3,474)  (979)
         
Cash flows provided by financing activities:
        
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock
     20,562 
Stock options and restricted stock proceeds
  1,091   2,621 
Repayment of long-term debt
  (210)  (176)
         
Net cash provided by financing activities
  881   23,007 
         
         
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
  394   406 
         
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  (10,580)  14,842 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
  29,689   14,331 
         
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
 $19,109  $29,173 
         
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
        
Interest payments
 $483  $786 
Income tax payments
  408   791 
Non-cash items
        
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting for uncertainty of income taxes
     1,208 
Conversion of 6% convertible subordinated debentures
     509 
Transfer of equipment from inventory to property and equipment, net(a)
  3,944   945 
Transfer of equipment to inventory from property and equipment, net(b)
  1,518   322 
 
 
(a) Systems included in inventory are transferred from inventory to property and equipment at cost when the Company requires additional systems for training, demonstration or short-term rentals.
 
(b) In general, a system is transferred from property and equipment, net into inventory at its net book value when the Company has identified a potential sale for a used system. The system is removed from inventory upon recognition of the sale.
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
                                 
  Common Stock                
     Par
  Additional
           Other
  Total
 
     Value
  Paid-in
  Treasury Stock  Accumulated
  Comprehensive
  Stockholders’
 
  Shares  $0.001  Capital  Shares  Amount  Deficit  Income  Equity 
  (In thousands, except par value)
 
  (unaudited) 
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
  22,224  $22  $173,645   50  $(111) $(72,403) $3,616  $104,769 
Exercise of stock options
  161   (a)  1,083               1,083 
Issuance (repurchase) of restricted stock
  32   (a)  8   2   (2)        6 
Stock compensation expense
        856               856 
Net loss
                 (7,014)     (7,014)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                    1,574   1,574 
                                 
Balance at June 30, 2008
  22,417  $22  $175,592   52  $(113) $(79,417) $5,190  $101,274 
                                 
 
 
(a) Amounts not shown due to rounding.
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
(1)  Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of 3D Systems Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) applicable to interim reports. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report onForm 10-K(“Form 10-K”)for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of adjustments of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flow for the periods presented. The results of operations for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
 
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions.
 
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to their current year presentation.
 
(2)  Inventories
 
Components of inventories, net at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
         
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Raw materials
 $1,335  $835 
Inventory held by assemblers
     197 
Work in process
  116   126 
Finished goods and parts
  27,306   21,189 
         
Total cost
  28,757   22,347 
Less: reserves
  (2,672)  (2,306)
         
Inventories, net
 $26,085  $20,041 
         
 
(3)  Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
             
        Useful Life
 
  2008  2007  (in years) 
  (In thousands, except years) 
 
Building
 $8,566  $8,566   25 
Machinery and equipment
  30,807   26,469   3-5 
Capitalized software — ERP
  3,110   3,077   5 
Office furniture and equipment
  3,562   3,492   5 
Leasehold improvements
  8,059   7,730   Life of Leases 
Rental equipment
  1,260   726   5 
Construction in progress
  418   511   N/A 
             
Total property and equipment
  55,782   50,571     
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
  (30,962)  (29,240)    
             
Total property and equipment, net
 $24,820  $21,331     
             


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
On February 28, 2008, the Company purchased certain equipment from its former customer, Tangible Express, LLC. Of the $5,300 of equipment and materials purchased, $800 was sold to customers during the second quarter, $3,000 was included in property and equipment at June 30, 2008 and the balance was primarily in inventory.
 
Depreciation and software amortization expense for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $1,233 and $2,183, respectively, compared to $1,010 and $2,053 for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2007. For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recognized software amortization expense for its capitalized enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system of $162 and $324, respectively, compared to $160 and $274 for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2007.
 
The Company holds approximately $3,454 of assets related to its Grand Junction facility, net of accumulated depreciation, as assets held for sale, comprised primarily of $3,018 of building and improvements, net of accumulated depreciation, and $436 of land. These assets are classified as Assets held for sale on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. See Note 6.
 
(4)  Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets other than goodwill at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
             
  June 30, 2008 
  Gross
       
  Carrying
  Accumulated
    
  Amount  Amortization  Net 
  (In thousands) 
 
Licenses
 $5,875  $(4,843) $1,032 
Patent costs
  16,123   (13,315)  2,808 
Other intangible assets
  8,968   (8,348)  620 
             
Total
 $30,966  $(26,506) $4,460 
             
 
             
  December 31, 2007 
  Gross
       
  Carrying
  Accumulated
    
  Amount  Amortization  Net 
  (In thousands) 
 
Licenses
 $5,875  $(4,595) $1,280 
Patent costs
  15,908   (13,176)  2,732 
Other intangible assets
  8,968   (7,810)  1,158 
             
Total
 $30,751  $(25,581) $5,170 
             
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, the Company capitalized $230 and $262, respectively, of costs incurred to acquire, develop and extend patents in the United States and various other countries.
 
Amortization expense related to licenses, patent costs and other intangible assets for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows:
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
     (In thousands)    
 
Amortization expense:
                
Licenses
 $124  $124  $248  $248 
Patent costs
  77   301   154   547 
Acquired technology costs
     379      758 
Other intangible assets
  339   21   538   41 
                 
Total
 $540  $825  $940  $1,594 
                 


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
(5)  Accrued and Other Liabilities
 
Accrued liabilities at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
         
  
2008
  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Compensation and benefits
 $4,666  $4,916 
Vendor accruals
  3,159   2,848 
Accrued professional fees
  746   1,287 
Accrued taxes
  481   1,381 
Royalties payable
  329   645 
Non-contractual obligation to repurchase inventory held by assemblers
     197 
Accrued interest
  60   74 
Accrued other
  737   900 
         
  $10,178  $12,248 
         
 
Other liabilities at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
         
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Defined benefit pension obligation
 $2,616  $2,367 
Other long-term liabilities
  1,908   1,871 
         
  $4,524  $4,238 
         
 
(6)  Borrowings
 
The Company’s debt at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $3,205 and $3,325, respectively, and represented industrial development revenue bonds related to the Grand Junction facility. See Note 3. The interest rate at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was 1.65% and 3.52%, respectively. On May 7 and July 31, 2008, the bank waived the Company’s non-compliance with certain of the financial covenants set forth in this facility for the periods ended March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2008, respectively, each in consideration for a $32 non-refundable waiver fee.
 
The Company ceased operations at its Grand Junction facility at the end of April 2006. The facility is currently listed for sale or lease. Upon sale of the Grand Junction facility, the Company expects to pay off the industrial development revenue bonds. Following cessation of operations at the Grand Junction facility, the Company reclassified these bonds from long-term debt to current liabilities. Once the Company’s obligations under these bonds have been satisfied, the Company expects the $1.2 million of cash restricted as part of the industrial development revenue bond agreements to be released to the Company.
 
Such restricted cash is held on deposit as partial security for the Company’s obligations under the industrial development revenue bonds discussed above, and therefore is not available to the Company for general use.
 
(7)  Hedging Activities and Financial Instruments
 
The Company conducts business in various countries using both the functional currencies of those countries and other currencies to effect cross border transactions. As a result, the Company is subject to the risk that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the dates that those transactions are entered into and their respective settlement dates will result in a foreign exchange gain or loss. When practicable, the Company endeavors to match assets and liabilities in the same currency on its balance sheet and those of its subsidiaries


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
in order to reduce these risks. The Company also, when it considers it appropriate, enters into foreign currency contracts to hedge exposures arising from these transactions. The Company has not adopted hedge accounting under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 133, “Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” as amended by SFAS No. 137 and SFAS No. 138, and all gains and losses (realized or unrealized) are recognized in cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, these contracts included contracts for the purchase of currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The dollar equivalent of the foreign currency contracts and the related fair values as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
         
  Foreign Currency
 
  Purchase Contracts 
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Notional amount
 $1,239  $2,905 
Fair value
  1,267   2,891 
         
Net unrealized gain (loss)
 $28  $(14)
         
 
The foreign currency contracts outstanding at June 30, 2008 expired at various times between July 9, 2008 and July 30, 2008. The foreign currency contracts outstanding at December 31, 2007 expired at various times between January 3, 2008 and February 13, 2008.
 
Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Depending on their fair value at the end of the reporting period, derivatives are recorded either in prepaid expenses and other current assets or in accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
The total impact of foreign currency items on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008 were gains (losses) of $(285) and $445, respectively, compared to gains (losses) of $(2) and $13 for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2007.
 
(8)  Stock-based Compensation Plans
 
The Company records stock-based compensation expense in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock-based compensation expense for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows:
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Options
 $  $122  $  $542 
Restricted stock awards
  376   575   856   1,118 
                 
Total stock-based compensation expense
 $376  $697  $856  $1,660 
                 
 
The expense for the six-month period ended June 30, 2007 included $497 of stock-based compensation expense primarily related to the acceleration of expense with respect to restricted stock awards related to the separation from service of the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer in the first quarter of 2007.


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The number of shares of restricted common stock issued and the weighted average fair value per share during the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows:
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007 
     Weighted
     Weighted
 
  Shares
  Average
  Shares
  Average
 
  Awarded  Fair Value  Awarded  Fair Value 
  (In thousands, except per share amounts) 
 
Restricted stock
  30  $10.47   15  $20.91 
 
                 
  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007 
     Weighted
     Weighted
 
  Shares
  Average
  Shares
  Average
 
  Awarded  Fair Value  Awarded  Fair Value 
  (In thousands, except per share amounts) 
 
Restricted stock
  32  $10.70   15  $20.91 
 
In the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company granted restricted stock awards covering 22 and 24 shares, respectively, of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2004 Restricted Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors. The Company also issued restricted stock awards covering 8 shares of common stock to certain employees during the 2008 second quarter, pursuant to the Company’s 2004 Incentive Stock Plan.
 
In the second quarter of 2007, the Company granted restricted stock covering 49 shares of Common Stock to certain employees, including certain executive officers, pursuant to the Company’s 2004 Incentive Stock Plan. Under the terms of these awards, the employees had until July 13, 2007 to accept the awards. The awards were accepted by all employees. These restricted stock awards were excluded from the average common shares outstanding calculation but were included in the stock-based compensation amount for the 2007 second quarter.
 
(9)  Earnings (Loss) Per Share
 
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the applicable period. The following table reconciles basic weighted average outstanding shares to diluted weighted average outstanding shares for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007:
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
  (In thousands, except per share amounts) 
 
Numerator:
                
Net loss
 $(3,323) $(5,303) $(7,014) $(8,423)
                 
Denominator:
                
Denominator for basic EPS — weighted average shares outstanding
  22,351   19,361   22,339   19,240 
Add: Effect of dilutive securities
                
Stock options and other equity compensation
            
                 
Denominator for dilutive EPS
  22,351   19,361   22,339   19,240 
                 
Loss per share:
                
Basic
 $(0.15) $(0.27) $(0.31) $(0.44)
                 
Diluted
 $(0.15) $(0.27) $(0.31) $(0.44)
                 


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
No dilutive securities were included in the diluted weighted average shares outstanding for periods with net losses, because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive; that is, they would have reduced the net loss per share.
 
(10)  Income Taxes
 
The Company used effective tax rates of (10.3%) and (11.0%) for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, compared to 3.2% and (2.2%) for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2007.
 
Tax years 2004 to 2007 remain subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Should the Company utilize any of its U.S. loss carryforwards, which date from 1997, these would be subject to examination. The Company files income tax returns (which are open to examination beginning in the year shown in parentheses) in France (2004), Germany (2000), Japan (2003), Italy (2003), Switzerland (2003) and the United Kingdom (2005).
 
(11)  Segment Information
 
The Company operates in one reportable business segment in which it develops, manufactures and markets worldwide3-Dmodeling, rapid prototyping and manufacturing systems designed to reduce the time it takes to produce three-dimensional objects. The Company conducts its business through operations in the United States, sales and service offices in the European Community (France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy) and the Asia-Pacific region (Japan and Hong Kong), and a research and production facility in Switzerland. Revenue from unaffiliated customers attributed to Germany includes sales by the Company’s German unit to customers in countries other than Germany. The Company has historically disclosed summarized financial information for the geographic areas of operations as if they were segments in accordance with SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.”
 
Such summarized financial information concerning the Company’s geographical operations is shown in the following tables:
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
     (In thousands)    
 
Revenue from unaffiliated customers:
                
United States
 $16,055  $16,717  $28,092  $32,908 
Germany
  7,334   7,568   14,514   14,909 
Other Europe
  7,599   7,395   16,080   16,153 
Asia Pacific
  5,668   4,746   9,757   9,388 
                 
Total
 $36,656  $36,426  $68,443  $73,358 
                 
 
The Company’s revenue from unaffiliated customers by type is as follows:
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
     (In thousands)    
 
Systems and other products
 $11,487  $12,665  $19,329  $25,856 
Materials
  16,226   14,926   31,149   30,294 
Services
  8,943   8,835   17,965   17,208 
                 
Total
 $36,656  $36,426  $68,443  $73,358 
                 


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Intercompany sales were as follows:
 
                     
  Quarter Ended June 30, 2008 
  Intercompany sales to 
  United
     Other
  Asia
    
  States  Germany  Europe  Pacific  Total 
  (In thousands) 
 
United States
 $  $5,051  $3,244  $3,632  $11,927 
Germany
  428      1,780      2,208 
Other Europe
  1,641   5         1,646 
Asia Pacific
               
                     
Total
 $2,069  $5,056  $5,024  $3,632  $15,781 
                     
 
                     
  Quarter Ended June 30, 2007 
  Intercompany sales to 
  United
     Other
  Asia
    
  States  Germany  Europe  Pacific  Total 
  (In thousands) 
 
United States
 $  $3,596  $2,239  $1,932  $7,767 
Germany
  9      1,251   89   1,349 
Other Europe
  1,443   12         1,455 
Asia Pacific
               
                     
Total
 $1,452  $3,608  $3,490  $2,021  $10,571 
                     
 
                     
  Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 
  Intercompany sales to 
  United
     Other
  Asia
    
  States  Germany  Europe  Pacific  Total 
  (In thousands) 
 
United States
 $  $9,734  $6,142  $6,633  $22,509 
Germany
  462      3,742      4,204 
Other Europe
  2,841   53         2,894 
Asia Pacific
               
                     
Total
 $3,303  $9,787  $9,884  $6,633  $29,607 
                     
 
                     
  Six Months Ended June 30, 2007 
  Intercompany sales to 
  United
     Other
  Asia
    
  States  Germany  Europe  Pacific  Total 
  (In thousands) 
 
United States
 $  $7,976  $5,171  $8,108  $21,255 
Germany
  36      2,443   90   2,569 
Other Europe
  3,314   59         3,373 
Asia Pacific
               
                     
Total
 $3,350  $8,035  $7,614  $8,198  $27,197 
                     


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
All revenue between geographic areas is recorded at prices that provide for an allocation of profit (loss) between entities. Income (loss) from operations and assets for each geographic area were as follows:
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Income (loss) from operations:
                
United States
 $(3,682) $(3,265) $(8,406) $(7,523)
Germany
  559   223   824   437 
Other Europe
  421   222   1,078   489 
Asia Pacific
  (186)  462   859   796 
                 
Subtotal
  (2,888)  (2,358)  (5,645)  (5,801)
Inter-segment elimination
  75   (2,563)  (403)  (1,196)
                 
Total
 $(2,813) $(4,921) $(6,048) $(6,997)
                 
 
         
  June 30,
  December 31,
 
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Assets:
        
United States
 $77,035  $86,339 
Germany
  30,024   29,960 
Other Europe
  72,815   64,840 
Asia Pacific
  19,626   16,602 
         
Subtotal
  199,500   197,741 
Inter-company elimination
  (36,138)  (30,356)
         
Total
 $163,362  $167,385 
         
 
(12)  Commitments and Contingencies
 
On March 14, 2008, DSM Desotech Inc. filed a complaint in an action titled DSM Desotech Inc. v. 3D Systems Corporation in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Eastern Division) asserting that the Company engages in anticompetitive behavior with respect to resins used in large-frame stereolithography machines. The complaint further asserts that the Company is infringing two of DSM Desotech’s patents relating to stereolithography machines. The Company understands that DSM Desotech estimates the damages associated with its claims to be in excess of $40,000. On or about June 6, 2008, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the non-patent causes of action. The Company also filed an answer to the patent-related claims and asserted various defenses and counterclaims. The Company intends to continue to vigorously contest all of the claims asserted by DSM Desotech.
 
The Company is also involved in various other legal matters incidental to its business. The Company’s management believes, after consulting with counsel, that the disposition of these other legal matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or consolidated financial position.
 
(13)  Fair Value Measurements
 
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS No. 157 introduces a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. For financial assets and liabilities,


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company adopted the standard for those assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2008, and the impact of adoption was not significant.
 
SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
 
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
 
The Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.
 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
 
                 
  Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2008 
  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 
     (In thousands)    
 
Description
                
Short-term investments1
 $14,672  $  $  $14,672 
Restricted cash and short-term investments1
  1,200         1,200 
Currency derivative contracts1
  1,267         1,267 
                 
Total
 $17,139  $  $  $17,139 
                 
 
 
1Unrealized gains or losses on short-term investments, restricted cash and short-term investments, and derivatives are recorded in the statement of operations at each measurement date.
 
The fair market value of level 1 currency derivative contracts at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was as follows:
 
         
  Foreign Currency
 
  Purchase Contracts 
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Notional amount
 $1,239  $2,905 
Fair value
  1,267   2,891 
         
Net unrealized gain (loss)
 $28  $(14)
         
 
FASB Staff PositionNo. 157-2delayed the effective date of SFAS No. 157 until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years, for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). We are assessing the impact of SFAS No. 157 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements with respect to these nonfinancial assets and liabilities.


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3D SYSTEMS CORPORATION
 
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
(14)  Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115,” which became effective January 1, 2008. SFAS No. 159 permits companies to choose to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The implementation of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141R”). SFAS No. 141R provides revised guidance on how acquirers recognize and measure the consideration transferred, identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, non-controlling interests, and goodwill acquired in a business combination. SFAS No. 141R also expands required disclosures surrounding the nature and financial effects of business combinations. SFAS No. 141R is effective, on a prospective basis, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 141R on its financial statements.
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS No. 161 expands disclosures but does not change accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The statement will become effective for the Company starting in January 2009. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 161 on its financial statements.


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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 
This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q.
 
We are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may affect our future performance that are discussed in greater detail in the sections entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors” at the end of this Item 2 and that are discussed or referred to in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q.
 
Business Overview
 
We design, develop, manufacture, market and service3-Dmodeling, rapid manufacturing, and prototyping systems and related products and materials that enable complex three-dimensional objects to be produced directly from computer data without tooling, greatly reducing the time and cost required to produce prototypes or customized production parts.
 
Our consolidated revenue is derived primarily from the sale of our systems, the sale of the related materials used by the systems to produce solid objects and the provision of services to our customers.
 
Recent Developments
 
New product developments
 
Since the beginning of 2008, we have continued our new product development and geographic expansion activities, resulting in the following:
 
  • In January 2008, we launched the ProJettmHD 3000 3-DProduction System, a new, professional, high-definition3-D modeler that is based on our patented and proprietary Multi-Jet Modeling technology. The ProJettmHD 3000 3-DProduction System provides the choice of both high definition and ultra high definition build modes in a single system and is designed for a wide range of uses.
 
  • In February 2008, we launched our ProJettmDP 3000 3-DProduction System, a3-D Modeler that is designed to accurately, consistently and economically manufacture precisionwax-ups for dental professionals. The user of the ProJettmDP Production System scans a model, designs a virtualwax-up using3-Dsoftware, then sends the data to the ProJettmProduction System to “print”wax-ups in layers. The system can generate hundreds of units in each cycle.
 
  • With the previously reported electrical noise problem related to our new V-Flash®Desktop Modeler and the resulting delays to its planned commercial shipments, we did not make any commercial shipments, nor recognize any revenue from, the V-Flash®Desktop Modeler in the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008. The V-Flash®Desktop Modeler is designed to build three-dimensional models within hours in a home or an office, enabling designers, engineers, hobbyists and students to imagine, design and build their ideas at their desks. The V-Flash®Desktop Modeler is the first product based on our new Film Transfer Imaging technology platform.
 
  • We launched the new Sinterstation®Pro DM100 and the DM250 SLM Systems, two direct metal laser sintering systems that quickly build fully-dense parts from a wide range of metal materials for functional parts, tooling and prototypes.
 
  • We began to sell our Accura®materials in Japan, expanding our portfolio of proven, dependable Accura®materials in Japan.
 
  • In May 2008, we launched a Pro-Parts Material Evaluation Web Site equipped with online pricing capability that may be used to order non-commercial Stereolithography (SLA®) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS®) parts, enabling more designers and engineers to experience the benefits of Additive Manufacturing technology.


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Summary of 2008 financial results
 
As discussed in greater detail below, for the second quarter of 2008, revenue increased 0.6% to $36.7 million from $36.4 million in the second quarter of 2007, primarily as a result of favorable foreign currency translation of ournon-U.S. dollarrevenue, higher materials sales, and higher revenue from our recently-introduced3-DPrinters, mostly offset by lower large-frame systems sales and a higher than normal incidence of used equipment sales. These used equipment sales, with lower margins than those we generally recognize on new systems, accounted for 20% of total systems sales in the second quarter. Approximately 33% of these used equipment units and 40% of the used equipment revenue involved the resale of systems that we acquired from Tangible Express in the first quarter of 2008. Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2008 declined 7% to $68.4 million from $73.4 million in 2007, primarily due to anemic first quarter sales of large-frame systems.
 
Notwithstanding the sequential revenue growth over the first quarter of 2008, our second quarter 2008 revenue fell some $4 million short of our mid-June expectations primarily as a result of this year’s uncertain economic climate, and with that shortfall, we missed several other key targets.
 
The operating loss declined to $2.8 million for the second quarter of 2008 from $4.9 million in the 2007 quarter. The improvement in operating results in the second quarter of 2008 resulted primarily from a reduction in selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) costs. The loss from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2008 declined to $6.0 million from $7.0 million in 2007.
 
Our operating expenses declined $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2008 and $3.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to prior year periods, primarily reflecting lower SG&A expenses. We believe that our quarterly operating expenses are approaching a more normalized run rate. We expect our SG&A expenses for the second half of 2008 to fall in the range of $24 million to $26 million.
 
As used in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, the combined effect of changes in product mix and average selling prices, sometimes referred to as price and mix effects, relates to changes in revenue that are not able to be specifically related to changes in unit volume. Among these changes are changes in the product mix of our materials and our systems as the trend toward smaller, more economical systems has continued and the influence of new systems and materials on our operating results has grown. Our reporting systems are not currently configured to produce more quantitative information regarding the effect of price and mix changes on revenue.
 
Systems orders and sales tend to fluctuate on a quarterly basis as a result of a number of factors, including the types of systems ordered by customers, customer acceptance of newly-introduced products, the timing of product orders and shipments, global economic conditions and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Our customers generally purchase our systems as capital equipment items, and their purchasing decisions may have a long lead time. Due to the relatively high list price of certain systems and the overall low unit volume of systems sales in any particular period, the acceleration or delay of orders and shipments of a small number of systems from one period to another can significantly affect revenue reported for our systems for the period involved. Revenue reported for systems sales in any particular period is also affected by revenue recognition rules prescribed by generally accepted accounting principles. However, production and delivery of our systems is generally not characterized by long lead times, and backlog is therefore generally not a material factor in our business.
 
At June 30, 2008 our backlog declined to $1.1 million, a 65% reduction from the $3.1 million of backlog at December 31, 2007. We believe that our level of backlog at June 30, 2008 is generally consistent with the normal operating trends in our business.
 
Internal Controls
 
We have previously disclosed that at December 31, 2007 material weaknesses existed relating to our internal controls over financial reporting with respect to the oversight and review of our inventory costing system and the design and operation of controls for certain inventory shipments and recognition of the related revenue. We completed a number of remedial actions to correct these weaknesses during the first quarter of


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2008, and, subject to the satisfactory testing of the remedial actions that we have taken, we believe that no additional remedial efforts to correct them are required. See Item 4, “Controls and Procedures,” below.
 
As part of our remediation efforts, we have adopted a variety of procedures to conduct additional detailed transaction reviews and control activities with regard to our financial statements for all periods that we have identified as being affected by the material weaknesses described above. As a result of these efforts, we believe that the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Qhave been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, fairly present in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flow for the periods presented and are free of material errors.
 
Results of Operations
 
Second quarter comparison of revenue by class of product and service
 
Table 1 sets forth our change in revenue by class of product and service for the second quarter of 2008 compared to the second quarter of 2007:
 
Table 1
 
                                 
  Systems and
          
  Other
          
  Products  Materials  Services  Totals 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Revenue — 2ndQuarter 2007
 $12,665   34.8% $14,926   41.0% $8,835   24.2% $36,426   100%
                                 
Change in revenue:
                                
Volume
                                
Core products and services
  (540)  (4.2)  (2,425)  (16.2)  90   1.0   (2,875)  (7.9)
New products and services
  (2,696)  (21.3)  674   4.5   (541)  (6.1)  (2,563)  (7.0)
Price/Mix
  1,559   12.3   1,938   13.0      0.0   3,497   9.6 
Foreign currency translation
  499   3.9   1,113   7.4   559   6.3   2,171   5.9 
                                 
Net change
  (1,178)  (9.3)  1,300   8.7   108   1.2   230   0.6 
                                 
Revenue — 2ndQuarter 2008
 $11,487   31.3% $16,226   44.3% $8,943   24.4% $36,656   100%
                                 
 
Despite an increase in unit volume from the sale of small-frame systems and3-DPrinters, revenue from systems and other products decreased by $1.2 million or 9% to $11.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, from $12.7 million in the second quarter of 2007, due to continued sluggish sales of large-frame systems and a higher than normal incidence of used equipment sales. Large-frame systems represented 25% of total systems revenue for the second quarter of 2008, while sales of small-frame systems and3-D Printers accounted for the remaining 75%, compared to 70% in the 2007 second quarter. Revenue from3-D Printers was helped by growing demand for our Dental Professional Printers and grew to 26% of total systems sales in the second quarter. Systems and other products comprised 31.3% of consolidated revenue in the 2008 quarter compared to 34.8% in the 2007 quarter. The decrease from 2007 arose primarily from a $3.2 million decrease in the volume of core and new products, partially offset by a favorable $1.6 million combined effect of price and mix and a $0.5 million favorable impact from foreign currency translation.
 
Revenue from materials increased by $1.3 million or 9% to $16.2 million for the second quarter of 2008, from $14.9 million for the 2007 quarter and comprised 44.3% of consolidated revenue in the 2008 quarter compared to 41.0% in the 2007 quarter. The increase was primarily due to the growing contribution of recurring revenue from our newer integrated systems. For the second quarter of 2008, our integrated systems accounted for 26% of all materials revenue, reflecting a 4% sequential improvement over the first quarter of 2008. The increase in materials revenue from 2007 reflected a $1.9 million favorable impact of price and mix and $1.1 million of favorable foreign currency translation, partially offset by a $1.8 million decrease in materials volume.
 
Revenue from services increased by $0.1 million or 1% to $8.9 million for the second quarter of 2008, from $8.8 million for the 2007 quarter and increased to 24.4% of consolidated revenue from 24.2% for the


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2007 quarter. The increase was primarily the result of favorable foreign currency translation of $0.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in product services volume of $0.5 million.
 
Six month comparison of revenue by class of product and service
 
Table 2 sets forth our change in revenue by class of product and service for the first six months of 2008 compared to the same period of 2007:
 
Table 2
 
                                 
  Systems and
          
  Other
          
  Products  Materials  Services  Totals 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Revenue — Six Months 2007
 $25,856   35.2% $30,294   41.3% $17,208   23.5% $73,358   100%
                                 
Change in revenue:
                                
Volume
                                
Core products and services
  376   1.5   (3,223)  (10.6)  (94)  (0.6)  (2,941)  (4.0)
New products and services
  (9,279)  (35.9)  1,879   6.2   (179)  (1.0)  (7,579)  (10.3)
Price/Mix
  1,345   5.2   137   0.4      0.0   1,482   2.0 
Foreign currency translation
  1,031   4.0   2,062   6.8   1,030   6.0   4,123   5.6 
                                 
Net change
  (6,527)  (25.2)  855   2.8   757   4.4   (4,915)  (6.7)
                                 
Revenue — Six Months 2008
 $19,329   28.3% $31,149   45.5% $17,965   26.2% $68,443   100%
                                 
 
On a consolidated basis, revenue for the first six months of 2008 declined by 7% to $68.4 million from $73.4 million for the first six months of 2007. The principal factors leading to this decline in consolidated revenue were decreases in large-frame systems unit volume, partially offset by the favorable combined effect of price and mix and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation.
 
In the absence of significant large-frame systems sales, revenue from systems and other products decreased by $6.5 million or 25% to $19.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, from $25.9 million in the same period of 2007 and comprised 28.3% of consolidated revenue for the first six months of 2008 compared to 35.2% in the 2007 period. The decline arose primarily from an $8.9 million decrease in the volume of systems sold, partially offset by a favorable $1.3 million combined effect of price and mix and a $1.0 million favorable impact from foreign currency translation.
 
Revenue from materials increased by $0.9 million or 3% to $31.1 million for the first six months of 2008, from $30.3 million for the 2007 period and comprised 45.5% of consolidated revenue for the first six months of 2008 compared to 41.3% in the 2007 period. For the first six months of 2008, our integrated systems accounted for 24% of all materials revenue. The increase from 2007 was primarily the result of a $1.9 million increase in new materials volume and $2.1 million of favorable foreign currency translation, partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease in core materials volume. The materials increase as a percentage of total revenue was partially due to the decline in revenue from systems and other products in the 2008 period.
 
Revenue from services increased by $0.8 million or 4% to $18.0 million for the first six months of 2008, from $17.2 million for the same period of 2007 and increased to 26.2% of consolidated revenue from 23.5% for the 2007 period. The increase was primarily the result of favorable foreign currency translation of $1.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in product services volume of $0.3 million. The services increase as a percentage of total revenue was partially due to the decline in revenue from systems and other products in the 2008 period.


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Change in second quarter revenue by geographic region
 
Geographically, revenue from the Asia-Pacific region increased in both the second quarter and first six months of 2008, compared to prior year periods, while revenue declined for both the second quarter and first six months of 2008 in the United States and Europe.
 
Table 3 sets forth the change in revenue by geographic area for the second quarter of 2008 compared to the second quarter of 2007:
 
Table 3
 
                                 
           Net change in
 
           Consolidated
 
  U.S.  Europe  Asia-Pacific  Revenue 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Revenue — 2ndQuarter 2007
 $16,717   45.9% $14,963   41.1% $4,746   13.0% $36,426   100%
                                 
Volume
  (1,956)  (11.7)  (3,462)  (23.1)  (20)  (0.4)  (5,438)  (14.9)
Price/Mix
  1,294   7.7   1,804   12.0   399   8.4   3,497   9.6 
Foreign currency translation
     0.0   1,628   10.9   543   11.4   2,171   5.9 
                                 
Net change revenue
  (662)  (4.0)  (30)  (0.2)  922   19.4   230   0.6 
                                 
Revenue — 2ndQuarter 2008
 $16,055   43.8% $14,933   40.7% $5,668   15.5% $36,656   100%
                                 
 
Revenue from U.S. operations declined by $0.7 million or 4% to $16.1 million, from $16.7 million in the second quarter of 2007. The decrease was due to lower volume, partially offset by the favorable combined effect of price and mix.
 
Revenue from European operations declined slightly to $14.9 million, from $15.0 million in the prior year quarter. This decrease was due to a $3.5 million decline in volume, mostly offset by a favorable combined effect of price and mix and a $1.6 million favorable impact of foreign currency translation.
 
Revenue from Asia-Pacific operations increased by $0.9 million or 19% to $5.7 million, from $4.7 million in the prior year quarter due primarily to $0.5 million in favorable foreign currency translation and a favorable $0.4 million combined effect of changes in price and mix.
 
Change in six month revenue by geographic region
 
Table 4 sets forth the change in revenue by geographic area for the first six months of 2008 compared to the first six months of 2007:
 
Table 4
 
                                 
           Net change in
 
           Consolidated
 
  U.S.  Europe  Asia-Pacific  Revenue 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Revenue — Six Months 2007
 $32,908   44.9% $31,062   42.3% $9,388   12.8% $73,358   100%
                                 
Volume
  (6,420)  (19.5)  (3,930)  (12.7)  (170)  (1.8)  (10,520)  (14.3)
Price/Mix
  1,604   4.9   246   0.8   (368)  (3.9)  1,482   2.0 
Foreign currency translation
     0.0   3,216   10.4   907   9.6   4,123   5.6 
                                 
Net change revenue
  (4,816)  (14.6)  (468)  (1.5)  369   3.9   (4,915)  (6.7)
                                 
Revenue — Six Months 2008
 $28,092   41.0% $30,594   44.7% $9,757   14.3% $68,443   100%
                                 
 
Revenue from U.S. operations declined by $4.8 million or 15% to $28.1 million, from $32.9 million in the first six months of 2007. The decrease was due to lower systems volume, partially offset by the favorable combined effect of price and mix.


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Revenue from European operations declined by $0.5 million or 2% to $30.6 million, from $31.1 million in the prior year period. This decrease was primarily due to a $3.9 million decline in volume, partially offset by a $3.2 million favorable impact of foreign currency translation.
 
Revenue from Asia-Pacific operations increased $0.4 million or 4% to $9.8 million, from $9.4 million in the prior year period due primarily to $0.9 million in favorable foreign currency translation, partially offset by the unfavorable $0.4 million combined effect of changes in price and mix and a decrease in volume of $0.2 million.
 
Gross profit and gross profit margins — Second Quarter
 
Table 5 sets forth gross profit and gross profit margins for our products and services for the second quarters of 2008 and 2007:
 
Table 5
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007 
  Gross
  %
  Gross
  %
 
  Profit  Revenue  Profit  Revenue 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Systems
 $2,000   17.4% $2,726   21.5%
Materials
  9,919   61.1   9,001   60.3 
Services
  1,401   15.7   1,752   19.8 
                 
Total
 $13,320   36.3% $13,479   37.0%
                 
 
The consolidated gross profit margin in the second quarter of 2008 was down to 36.3% of revenue from 37.0% of revenue for the 2007 quarter. On a consolidated basis, gross profit for the second quarter of 2008 decreased by $0.2 million to $13.3 million from $13.5 million in the second quarter of 2007, primarily as a result of lower large-frame systems sales, which resulted in absorption of overhead over fewer units, a higher than normal incidence of used equipment sales, and a change in systems revenue mix toward small-frame systems and 3-DPrinters. The used equipment, small-frame systems and3-D Printers generally generate lower gross profit margins than new large-frame systems. We believe the higher than normal incidence of used equipment sales in the quarter accounted for an approximate 200 basis points reduction in our quarterly gross profit margin. These declines were partially offset by higher materials revenue, which carries the highest gross profit margin of any of our classes of products or services. Gross profit was also negatively impacted by higher warranty costs ($0.3 million), duplicate supply chain costs related to our efforts to discontinue the outsourcing of our domestic logistics activities and to relocate them to our facility in Rock Hill ($0.1 million), and by the costs associated with the plannedbuild-up of our V-Flash®Desktop Modeler finished goods inventory in anticipation of commercial shipments of this new system once we are fully satisfied with it ($0.4 million). The increase in cost of sales also included $1.6 million of unfavorable foreign currency exchange effects related to the decline in the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies. Most of this currency effect relates to materials that we purchase or produce outside the United States. We have begun taking steps to mitigate this foreign exchange exposure. These steps include transferring production of certain of these materials that are sold in U.S. dollars to the United States and more closely managing the hedging of our currency exposure to items that we acquire or produce in other currencies. We believe that the combined impact of the items mentioned above, including the adverse impact from higher sales of used equipment, negatively affected our gross profit margin by approximately 5 percentage points in the second quarter after offsetting the favorable effect of foreign currency translation on revenue for the quarter.
 
The combined effect of the lower systems sales, higher than normal incidence of used equipment sales, unfavorable foreign exchange rate effects, higher warranty costs, duplicate supply chain costs, and V-Flash®inventory costs impaired our progress toward improving our gross profit margins. We are working on additional gross profit improvement objectives, which include returning domestic third-party logistics activities in-house and improving the quality of certain warranty parts that third parties supply to us. However, we


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anticipate that our plannedbuild-up of V-Flash®inventory and subsequent shipments will adversely impact gross profit margins by $0.5 million to $1.0 million per quarter for the near term.
 
Systems gross profit for the second quarter of 2008 decreased by $0.7 million or 27% to $2.0 million, from $2.7 million for the 2007 quarter, and gross profit margins for systems decreased by 4 percentage points to 17.4% of revenue from 21.5% of revenue in the 2007 quarter, primarily due to many of the reasons discussed above.
 
Materials gross profit for the second quarter of 2008 increased by $0.9 million or 10% to $9.9 million, from $9.0 million for the 2007 quarter, and gross profit margins for materials increased to 61.1% of revenue from 60.3% of revenue in the 2007 quarter.
 
Gross profit for services for the second quarter of 2008 decreased by $0.4 million or 20% to $1.4 million, from $1.8 million for the 2007 quarter, and gross profit margins for services decreased by 4 percentage points to 15.7% of revenue from 19.8% of revenue in the 2007 quarter. The decline in gross profit margin was primarily due to higher warranty costs.
 
Gross profit and gross profit margins — Six Months
 
Table 6 sets forth gross profit and gross profit margins for our products and services for the first six months of 2008 and 2007:
 
Table 6
 
                 
  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007 
  Gross
  %
  Gross
  %
 
  Profit  Revenue  Profit  Revenue 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Systems
 $3,391   17.5% $7,731   29.9%
Materials
  19,566   62.8   18,491   61.0 
Services
  3,789   21.1   3,160   18.4 
                 
Total
 $26,746   39.1% $29,382   40.0%
                 
 
The consolidated gross profit margin for the first six months of 2008 decreased to 39.1% of revenue from 40.0% of revenue for the same period of 2007. On a consolidated basis, gross profit for the first six months of 2008 decreased by $2.6 million to $26.7 million, from $29.4 million in the same period of 2007, primarily as a result of lower large-frame systems sales, which resulted in absorption of overhead over fewer units, partially offset by higher materials revenue, which carries the highest gross profit margin of any of our classes of products or services. Gross profit was also negatively impacted by certain supply chain and third-party logistics inefficiencies, which resulted in higher cost of goods sold and additional freight charges, and by higher warranty costs. The change in cost of sales also included $2.8 million of unfavorable foreign currency exchange effects related to the decline in the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies. Most of this currency effect relates to materials that we purchase or produce outside the United States.
 
Systems gross profit for the first six months of 2008 decreased by $4.3 million or 56% to $3.4 million, from $7.7 million for the same period in 2007, and gross profit margins for systems decreased by 12 percentage points to 17.5% of revenue from 29.9% of revenue in the 2007 period. The decline in gross profit was primarily due to the decline in volume, which resulted in the absorption of fixed costs over fewer units.
 
Materials gross profit for the first six months of 2008 increased by $1.1 million or 6% to $19.6 million, from $18.5 million for the 2007 period, and gross profit margins for materials increased by 2 percentage points to 62.8% of revenue from 61.0% of revenue in the 2007 period.
 
Gross profit for services for the first six months of 2008 increased by $0.6 million or 20% to $3.8 million, from $3.2 million for the same period in 2007, and gross profit margins for services increased by 3 percentage points to 21.1% of revenue from 18.4% of revenue in the 2007 period. The improved gross profit was due to


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the combined effect of a decline in fixed costs associated with our decision to cease servicing certain legacy products and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation on service revenue, partially offset by higher warranty costs.
 
Operating expenses
 
As shown in Table 7, total operating expenses decreased by $2.3 million or 12% to $16.1 million in the second quarter of 2008, from $18.4 million in the second quarter of 2007. This decrease was due to $2.3 million in lower SG&A expenses, partially offset by a minor increase in research & development (“R&D”) expenses.
 
Table 7
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007 
     %
     %
 
  Amount  Revenue  Amount  Revenue 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Selling, general and administrative
 $12,555   34.2% $14,872   40.8%
Research and development
  3,578   9.8   3,528   9.7 
                 
Total
 $16,133   44.0% $18,400   50.5%
                 
 
As shown in Table 8, total operating expenses decreased by $3.6 million or 10% to $32.8 million in the first six months of 2008, from $36.4 million in the same period of 2007. This decrease was primarily due to $4.1 million in lower SG&A expenses, partially offset by $0.6 million of increased R&D expenses, both of which are discussed below.
 
Table 8
 
                 
  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007 
     %
     %
 
  Amount  Revenue  Amount  Revenue 
  (dollars in thousands) 
 
Selling, general and administrative
 $25,619   37.4% $29,764   40.6%
Research and development
  7,175   10.5   6,615   9.0 
                 
Total
 $32,794   47.9% $36,379   49.6%
                 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
SG&A expenses declined $2.3 million to $12.6 million in the second quarter of 2008, compared to $14.9 million in the second quarter of 2007, related to:
 
  • $1.1 million of lower contract labor and consultant costs;
 
  • $0.9 million in lower accounting and legal fees; and
 
  • $0.3 million decline in stock-based compensation expense.
 
SG&A expenses would have declined even further if not for a $0.6 million unfavorable impact related to the decline in the U.S. dollar exchange rate relative to other currencies.
 
SG&A expenses declined $4.1 million to $25.6 million for the first six months of 2008, compared to $29.8 million for the same period of 2007, related to:
 
  • $2.3 million of lower contract labor and consultant costs;
 
  • $1.8 million decline in severance and stock-based compensation expense; and
 
  • $1.2 million in lower accounting and legal fees.


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Partially offsetting the decline was:
 
  • $0.6 million of expenses associated with the previously disclosed first quarter Audit Committee investigation of anonymous claims of wrongdoing by certain members of management; and
 
  • $0.3 million increase in bad debt expense.
 
SG&A expenses for the six months would have declined even further if not for a $1.1 million unfavorable impact related to the decline in the U.S. dollar exchange rate relative to other currencies.
 
The reduction in SG&A expenses is a continuing trend. However, we are not satisfied with the slower than expected progress in carrying out SG&A cost reductions. As a result, we have decided to undertake additional cost reduction programs, including curtailment of certain planned discretionary expenses for the balance of 2008. We believe SG&A expenses are beginning to approach a more normalized run rate, and we expect SG&A expenses for the second half of 2008 to fall in the range of $24 million to $26 million.
 
Research and development expenses
 
R&D expenses increased 1% to $3.6 million in the second quarter of 2008, from $3.5 million in the second quarter of 2007. R&D expenses increased by 8% to $7.2 million in the first six months of 2008, from $6.6 million in the same period of 2007. R&D costs in 2008 included costs associated with the V-Flash®Desktop Modeler and other new product development activities.
 
We plan to continue to work on selected new product developments, and we expect to incur approximately $7 million to $8 million of R&D expenses in the second half of 2008.
 
Operating income (loss)
 
As discussed above, declines in SG&A expenses and higher materials revenue in the second quarter and first six months of 2008 were among the factors that contributed to the improvement in operating results compared to the 2007 periods.
 
The following table sets forth the operating income or loss by geographic area for the second quarter and first six months of 2008 and 2007:
 
Table 9
 
                 
  Quarter Ended June 30,  Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2008  2007  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Income (loss) from operations:
                
United States
 $(3,682) $(3,265) $(8,406) $(7,523)
Germany
  559   223   824   437 
Other Europe
  421   222   1,078   489 
Asia Pacific
  (186)  462   859   796 
                 
Subtotal
  (2,888)  (2,358)  (5,645)  (5,801)
Inter-segment elimination
  75   (2,563)  (403)  (1,196)
                 
Total
 $(2,813) $(4,921) $(6,048) $(6,997)
                 
 
With respect to the United States, in 2008 and 2007, the changes in the operating loss reflected the same factors that affected our consolidated operating loss discussed above. As most of our operations outside the U.S. are conducted through sales and marketing subsidiaries, the changes in operating income (loss) in our operations outside the U.S. resulted primarily from changes in transfer pricing and in foreign currency translation.
 
Interest and other expense, net
 
Interest and other expense, net for the second quarter of 2008 declined to $0.2 million from $0.6 million in the 2007 second quarter. For the six month period, interest and other expense, net declined to $0.3 million


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in 2008 from $1.2 million in 2007. The declines resulted from interest income generated by higher cash balances and lower interest expense due to the absence in 2008 of bank borrowings as well as the absence of our 6% convertible subordinated debentures which were converted into Common Stock in July 2007.
 
Provision for income taxes
 
We recorded a provision for (benefit of) income taxes of $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to $(0.2) million and $0.2 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2007. Our provision for income taxes primarily reflects tax expense associated with income taxes in foreign jurisdictions.
 
Net loss
 
The net loss for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 declined to $3.3 million ($0.15 per share), from a net loss of $5.3 million ($0.27 per share) in the 2007 second quarter. The net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2008 declined to $7.0 million ($0.31 per share), from a net loss of $8.4 million ($0.44 per share) for the six months ended June 30, 2007. The reduction in the net loss in each period resulted from the factors discussed above affecting operating losses, interest and other expense, net and income taxes.
 
Financial Condition and Liquidity
 
During the first six months of 2008, our primary sources of liquidity were cash on hand and cash flow from financing activities, and our uses of cash were for operating and investing activities. While we do not currently anticipate a need for bank borrowings given our current cash position, we intend to consider obtaining a new credit facility as conditions in the credit markets and our performance improve and as we become able to negotiate acceptable terms for such a facility. See “Cash flow” and “Outstanding debt and capitalized lease obligations” below.
 
Working capital
 
Our net working capital decreased by $7.3 million to $33.6 million at June 30, 2008, from $40.9 million at December 31, 2007. Table 10 provides a summary of the net changes in working capital items between these two dates.
 
Table 10
 
     
  Increase
 
  (Decrease) 
  (In thousands) 
 
Working capital at December 31, 2007
 $40,906 
Changes in current assets:
    
Cash and cash equivalents
  (10,580)
Accounts receivable, net of allowances
  (2,612)
Inventories, net of reserves
  6,044 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  (781)
Deferred income tax assets
  (107)
     
Total current assets
  (8,036)
     
Changes in current liabilities:
    
Current portion of long-term debt
  (120)
Current portion of capitalized lease obligations
  7 
Accounts payable
  (211)
Accrued liabilities
  (2,070)
Customer deposits
  2,089 
Deferred revenue
  (413)
     
Total current liabilities
  (718)
     
Net change in working capital
  (7,318)
     
Working capital at June 30, 2008
 $33,588 
     


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Our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents declined by $10.6 million to $19.1 million, from $29.7 million at December 31, 2007. This decrease resulted from $8.4 million of cash used in operating activities including the $5.3 million purchase of Tangible Express’ equipment in the first quarter, $3.5 million of cash used in investing activities, partially offset by $0.9 million of cash provided by financing activities and a favorable $0.4 million effect of exchange rate changes on cash. See “Cash Flow” below
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances, decreased by $2.6 million to $28.5 million at June 30, 2008, from $31.1 million at December 31, 2007. This decline is reflective of the respective quarterly revenue level. Accounts receivable declined despite an increase of days’ sales outstanding to 70 days at June 30, 2008 from 64 days at December 31, 2007. Accounts receivable more than 90 days past due increased to 11% of gross receivables at June 30, 2008 from 6% of gross receivables at December 31, 2007.
 
Components of inventories at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
Table 11
 
         
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Raw materials
 $1,335  $835 
Inventory held by assemblers
     197 
Work in process
  116   126 
Finished goods and parts
  27,306   21,189 
         
Total cost
  28,757   22,347 
Less: reserves
  (2,672)  (2,306)
         
Inventories, net
 $26,085  $20,041 
         
 
Inventories increased by $6.0 million to $26.1 million at June 30, 2008, from $20.0 million at December 31, 2007. This increase in inventory resulted from short-term materials and systems inventory purchases that we undertook to support future revenue. Specifically, the inventory increase was driven by $3.7 million of purchases in the 2008 second quarter of direct metals systems,3-D Printers including V-Flash®Desktop Modelers, and certain key components to support future production of3-DPrinters. Additionally, as discussed in Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, our purchase of equipment from Tangible Express accounted for a portion of the increase in inventory. We maintained $2.7 million of inventory reserves at June 30, 2008 and $2.3 million of such reserves at December 31, 2007. Due to the short-term inventory investments, we have not made progress towards our previously-stated inventory reduction goals. Based on our current go-to-market strategy, we still expect inventories to decline to between $20 million and $22 million by the end of 2008.
 
In connection with our outsourcing activities with our third-party assemblers, we sell to them components from time to time of our raw materials inventory related to systems that they assemble. We record those sales in our financial statements as a product financing arrangement under SFAS No. 49, “Accounting for Product Financing Arrangements.” Continuing a trend of reducing such balances, we held no SFAS No. 49 inventory sold to assemblers at June 30, 2008, compared to $0.2 million of such inventory at December 31, 2007, and we had a corresponding accrued liability representing our non-contractual obligation to repurchase assembled systems and refurbished parts produced from such inventory.
 
With the outsourcing of substantially all of our equipment assembly and refurbishment activities, the majority of our inventory now consists of finished goods, including primarily systems, materials and service parts, as our third-party assemblers have taken over supply-chain responsibility for the assembly and refurbishment of systems. As a result, we generally no longer hold in inventory most parts for systems production or refurbishment. In calculating inventory reserves, we direct our attention to spare parts that we hold in inventory and that we expect to be used over the expected life cycles of the related systems, to inventory related to the blending of our engineered materials and composites and to our ability to sell items that are recorded in finished goods inventory, a large portion of which are new systems.


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The components of prepaid expenses and other current assets at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
Table 12
 
         
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Value added tax (“VAT”) and sales tax refunds
 $1,343  $670 
Progress payments to assemblers
  169   866 
Non-trade receivables
  472   1,076 
Other
  1,664   1,817 
         
Total
 $3,648  $4,429 
         
 
Our prepaid expenses and other current assets decreased by $0.8 million to $3.6 million at June 30, 2008, from $4.4 million at December 31, 2007, which included a $1.3 million reduction in non-trade receivables and progress payments. The non-trade receivables shown in Table 12, the inventory held by assemblers shown in Table 11, and a related accrued liability in an amount that corresponds to the book value of inventory held by assemblers included in accrued liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets relate to the accounting for our outsourcing arrangements pursuant to SFAS No. 49. The non-trade receivables shown in Table 12 declined by $0.6 million from December 31, 2007 to $0.5 million at June 30, 2008 as a result of a reduction in semi-finished systems and parts that our third-party assemblers purchased from us to complete the assembly of systems for which we had not received payment from them at period end. VAT and sales tax refunds increased by $0.7 million to $1.3 million at June 30, 2008.
 
Accounts payable declined by $0.2 million to $20.5 million at June 30, 2008, from $20.7 million at December 31, 2007. The decline was primarily due to higher payables that corresponded to higher revenue in the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
 
Customer deposits increased by $2.1 million as we deferred the revenue in the first six months of 2008 related to certain deposits made during the period.
 
Deferred revenue decreased by $0.4 million to $11.3 million at June 30, 2008, from $11.7 million at December 31, 2007, primarily due to a net decrease in maintenance contracts, installation, training and warranty revenue in the first six months of 2008.
 
The changes in the first six months of 2008 that comprise the other components of working capital not discussed above arose in the ordinary course of business. These components of working capital include $10.2 million of accrued liabilities, $0.2 million in current installments of capitalized lease obligations, $1.2 million of restricted cash and $3.5 million in assets held for sale related to our Grand Junction facility.
 
As discussed elsewhere in thisForm 10-Q,we closed the Grand Junction facility late in April 2006 and subsequently listed it for sale, with $3.5 million of net assets related to that facility recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as assets held for sale at both June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Also, at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we have a current liability of $3.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively, consisting of the outstanding principal amount of the industrial development revenue bonds that financed this facility. We continue to actively market this facility. See Notes 3 and 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Differences between the amounts of working capital item changes in the cash flow statement and the amounts of balance sheet changes for those items are primarily the result of foreign currency translation adjustments.


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Cash flow
 
Table 13 summarizes the cash provided by or used in operating activities, investing activities and financing activities, as well as the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on cash, for the first six months of 2008 and 2007.
 
Table 13
 
         
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Cash used in operating activities
 $(8,381) $(7,592)
Cash used in investing activities
  (3,474)  (979)
Cash provided by financing activities
  881   23,007 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
  394   406 
         
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 $(10,580) $14,842 
         
 
Cash flow from operations
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, we used $8.4 million of net cash for operating activities. This use of cash consisted of our $7.0 million net loss and $5.7 million of cash consumed by net changes in operating accounts, partially offset by $4.4 million of non-cash items included in our net loss.
 
Changes in operating accounts that resulted in a use of cash included the following:
 
  • An increase in inventories of $7.6 million;
 
  • A decrease in accrued liabilities of $2.7 million; and
 
  • A decrease in accounts payable of $1.6 million.
 
Changes in operating accounts that resulted in a source of cash included the following:
 
  • A decrease in net receivables of $4.4 million; and
 
  • An increase in customer deposits of $2.0 million.
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2007, we used $7.6 million of net cash for operating activities. This use of cash consisted of an $8.4 million net loss and $4.8 million of cash consumed by net changes in operating accounts, partially offset by $5.6 million of non-cash items included in the net loss.
 
Changes in operating accounts that resulted in a use of cash included the following:
 
  • A decrease in accounts payable of $9.6 million;
 
  • A decrease in customer deposits of $5.0 million; and
 
  • A decrease in accrued liabilities of $1.4 million.
 
Changes in operating accounts that resulted in a source of cash included the following:
 
  • A decrease in receivables of $8.6 million;
 
  • A decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.6 million; and
 
  • An increase in deferred revenue of $1.0 million.
 
Cash flow from investing activities
 
Net cash used in investing activities in the first six months of 2008 increased to $3.5 million from $1.0 million for the first six months of 2007. This increase was primarily due to our higher level of 2008 capital expenditures.


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Cash flow from financing activities
 
Net cash provided by financing activities decreased to $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $23.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007. This decrease resulted primarily from the absence in the 2008 period of $20.6 million of proceeds related to the private placement of common stock in June 2007.
 
Outstanding debt and capitalized lease obligations
 
At June 30, 2008, industrial development revenue bonds and capitalized lease obligations decreased to $12.0 million from $12.2 million at December 31, 2007, due to scheduled payments of principal on our outstanding industrial development revenue bonds and capital lease installments.
 
Our outstanding industrial development revenue bonds and capitalized lease obligations at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
Table 14
 
         
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Debt:
        
Industrial development revenue bonds
 $3,205  $3,325 
         
Capitalized lease obligations:
        
Current portion of capitalized lease obligations
 $188  $181 
Long-term portion of capitalized lease obligations
  8,567   8,663 
         
Total
 $8,755  $8,844 
         
Total current portion
 $3,393  $3,506 
Total long-term portion
  8,567   8,663 
         
Total debt
 $11,960  $12,169 
         
 
Capitalized lease obligations
 
Our outstanding capitalized lease obligations relate to two lease agreements that we entered into during 2006 with respect to our Rock Hill, South Carolina facility, one of which covers the facility itself and the other of which covers certain furniture and fixtures that we acquired for use in the facility. The carrying value of the headquarters facility and the furniture and fixture leases at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $8.4 million and $8.8 million, respectively.
 
Industrial development revenue bonds
 
Our Grand Junction, Colorado facility was financed by industrial development revenue bonds in the original aggregate principal amount of $4.9 million. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the outstanding principal amount of these bonds was $3.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Interest on the bonds accrues at a variable rate of interest and is payable monthly. The interest rate at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was 1.65% and 3.52%, respectively. Principal payments are due in semi-annual installments through August 2016. We reclassified this indebtedness to current indebtedness in 2006 in anticipation of the sale of the Grand Junction facility. We have made all scheduled payments of principal and interest on these bonds. The bonds are collateralized by, among other things, a first mortgage on the facility, a security interest in certain equipment and an irrevocable letter of credit issued by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. pursuant to the terms of a reimbursement agreement between us and Wells Fargo. We are required to pay an annual letter of credit fee equal to 1% of the stated amount of the letter of credit.
 
This letter of credit is in turn collateralized by $1.2 million of restricted cash that Wells Fargo holds, which we reclassified as a short-term asset during 2006 in anticipation of the sale of the Grand Junction


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facility. Wells Fargo has a security interest in that restricted cash as partial security for the performance of our obligations under the reimbursement agreement. We have the right, which we have not exercised, to substitute a standby letter of credit issued by a bank acceptable to Wells Fargo as collateral in place of the funds held by Wells Fargo.
 
The reimbursement agreement, as amended, contains financial covenants that require, among other things, that we maintain a minimum tangible net worth (as defined in the reimbursement agreement) of $23 million plus 50% of net income from July 1, 2001 forward and a fixed-charge coverage ratio (as defined in the reimbursement agreement) of no less than 1.25 to 1.00. We are required to demonstrate our compliance with these financial covenants as of the end of each calendar quarter. On May 7 and July 31, 2008, the bank waived our non-compliance with certain of the financial covenants set forth in this facility for the periods ended March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2008, respectively, each in consideration for a $32 non-refundable waiver fee.
 
Financial instruments
 
We conduct business in various countries using both the functional currencies of those countries and other currencies to effect cross border transactions. As a result, we are subject to the risk that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the dates that those transactions are entered into and their respective settlement dates will result in a foreign exchange gain or loss. When practicable, we endeavor to match assets and liabilities in the same currency on our balance sheet and those of our subsidiaries in order to reduce these risks. We also, when appropriate, enter into foreign currency contracts to hedge exposures arising from these transactions. We have not adopted hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” as amended by SFAS No. 137 and SFAS No. 138, and we recognize all gains and losses (realized or unrealized) in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
The dollar equivalent of our foreign currency contracts and their related fair values as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
 
Table 15
 
         
  Foreign Currency
 
  Purchase Contracts 
  2008  2007 
  (In thousands) 
 
Notional amount
 $1,239  $2,905 
Fair value
  1,267   2,891 
         
Net unrealized gain (loss)
 $28  $(14)
         
 
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the notional amount of these contracts at their respective settlement dates amounted to $1.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The 2008 and 2007 contracts related primarily to purchases of inventory from third parties. The notional amount of the purchase contracts aggregated CHF 1.3 million and CHF 3.3 million, respectively.
 
The net fair value of all foreign exchange contracts at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 reflected nominal unrealized gains and losses. The foreign currency contracts outstanding at June 30, 2008 expired at various times between July 9, 2008 and July 30, 2008. The foreign currency contracts outstanding at December 31, 2007 expired at various times between January 3, 2008 and February 13, 2008.
 
Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Depending on their fair value at the end of the reporting period, derivatives are recorded either in prepaid expenses and other current assets or in accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
The total impact of foreign currency items on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008 were gains (losses) of $(0.3) million and $0.4 million, respectively, compared to nominal gains or losses for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2007.


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Stockholders’ equity
 
Stockholders’ equity decreased by $3.5 million to $101.3 million at June 30, 2008, from $104.8 million at December 31, 2007. This decrease was comprised of the $7.0 million net loss for the first six months of 2008, partially offset by:
 
  • $1.1 million of net proceeds from stock option exercises during the first six months of 2008;
 
  • $0.9 million of stock compensation expense recorded in stockholders’ equity in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R) during the first six months of 2008; and
 
  • $1.6 million of foreign currency translation adjustments included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
See Note 14 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates
 
For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
Certain statements made in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Qthat are not statements of historical or current facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from historical results or from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
 
In addition to statements that explicitly describe such risks and uncertainties, readers are urged to consider statements in future or conditional tenses or that include terms such as “believes,” “belief,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates” or “plans” to be uncertain and forward-looking. Forward-looking statements may include comments as to our beliefs and expectations as to future events and trends affecting our business. Forward-looking statements are based upon management’s current expectations concerning future events and trends and are necessarily subject to uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. The factors stated under the heading “Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors” set forth below and those described in our other SEC reports, including ourForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007, as well as other factors, could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected or predicted in forward-looking statements.
 
Any forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions, using information currently available to us. We assume no obligation, and do not intend, to update these forward-looking statements.
 
If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those reflected in or suggested by forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement you read in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Qreflects our current views with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, results of operations, growth strategy and liquidity. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or individuals acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this paragraph. You should specifically consider the factors identified or referred to in thisForm 10-Qand our other SEC reports, including our Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007, which would cause actual results to differ from those referred to in forward-looking statements.


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Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors
 
We recognize that we are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may affect our future performance. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem not to be material also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer. In that event the trading price of our Common Stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our Common Stock. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements.
 
These risks include and relate to:
 
  • our access to financing and other sources of capital and our ability to generate cash flow from operations;
 
  • the potential impairment of certain intangible assets, which could adversely impact our future earnings and stock price as well as our ability to obtain financing;
 
  • the potential that we may have to restate our financial statements;
 
  • our stock may be delisted if we fail to file our periodic filings required to be filed with the SEC on a timely basis;
 
  • any failure, inadequacy, interruption, or security lapse in the enterprise resource systems or the related technology that we rely on could adversely affect our ability to effectively operate our business;
 
  • the continuing risk in transitioning our inventory management and distribution functions from our third-party service provider;
 
  • the impact of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which negatively impacts our ability to report our results of operations and financial condition accurately and in a timely manner;
 
  • our ability to successfully centralize and transition to a new shared service center for most administrative functions for all of our European subsidiaries;
 
  • changes in energy-related expenses;
 
  • the effect new pronouncements by accounting authorities may have on operational, financial and reporting aspects of our Company;
 
  • our success in entering new market places and acquiring and integrating new businesses;
 
  • the impact of the mix of products on our gross profit margin, which could cause fluctuations in our net income or loss;
 
  • our potential involvement in product liability claims and litigation;
 
  • competitive factors;
 
  • our ability to develop and commercialize successful new products;
 
  • our dependence upon a single or limited number of suppliers for components and sub-assemblies;
 
  • our dependence upon our suppliers generally;
 
  • factors beyond our control that cause fluctuations in our operating results;
 
  • the costs from our business outside the U.S. may increase or our revenue from such operations may decrease, which could have a significant impact on our overall results of operations and financial condition;


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  • political and economic events and the uncertainty from them may have a material adverse effect on our market opportunities;
 
  • laws that inhibit takeovers;
 
  • variations in our operating results from quarter to quarter;
 
  • the low daily trading volume of our Common Stock and the volatility of our stock price;
 
  • dilution of ownership and negative impact on the market price of our common stock due to the exercise of our outstanding stock options;
 
  • our ability to issue preferred stock; and
 
  • our debt level.
 
For a more detailed discussion of such risks and uncertainties, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007 and the risk factors noted in our other SEC filings.
 
Except as required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 
For a discussion of market risks at December 31, 2007, refer to Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” in our Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007. During the first six months of 2008, there were no material changes or developments that would materially alter the market risk assessment performed as of December 31, 2007, except as discussed in the Liquidity and Capital Resource section under Financial Instruments.
 
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.
 
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
 
As of June 30, 2008, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inRules 13a-15(e)and15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) pursuant toRules 13a-15and 15d-15under the Exchange Act. These controls and procedures are designed to provide assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner that is intended to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
 
As a result of this evaluation and recognizing the material weaknesses that we identified in our Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007, we determined that our disclosure controls and procedures remained ineffective as of June 30, 2008. In making this determination, we took into account the remedial actions that we are taking, have taken and have disclosed with respect to these material weaknesses and our belief, which is discussed below, that, subject to the testing of the effectiveness of our remedial actions as of December 31, 2008, we have substantially completed the remediation of those material weaknesses. Notwithstanding our efforts, there is a risk that we ultimately may be unable to achieve the goal of fully remedying these material weaknesses and that the corrective actions that we have implemented and are implementing may not fully remedy the material weaknesses that we have identified and disclosed or prevent similar or other control deficiencies or material weaknesses from having an adverse impact on our business and results of operations or our ability to timely make required SEC filings in the future.


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In any case, based on a number of factors, including our performance of manual procedures to provide assurance of the proper collection, evaluation and disclosure of the information included in our consolidated financial statements, management has concluded that the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Qfairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flow for the periods presented in conformity with GAAP and that they are free of material errors.
 
Internal control over financial reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inRules 13a-15(f)and15d-15(f)under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2008 based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
 
As a result of the material weaknesses described in our Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007, our management concluded that as of June 30, 2008 we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
 
After having identified those material weaknesses in connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2007, we have been working to identify and remedy the causes of the problems that led to the existence of those material weaknesses, and we believe that:
 
  • we have identified the primary causes of and appropriate remedial actions for these problems;
 
  • we have, except as otherwise noted below and subject to the completion of testing that we are conducting and plan to complete as of December 31, 2008, remedied substantially all of these material weaknesses; and
 
  • we are continuing to implement additional appropriate corrective measures to enable us to determine that those material weaknesses have been fully remedied.
 
With respect to testing, we have adopted, and pursued during the first six months of 2008, a program that is designed to evaluate whether the remedial actions we have taken have been in effect for a sufficient period of time to determine their effectiveness as well as to test the effectiveness of those remedial actions. Notwithstanding our efforts, there is a risk that we ultimately may be unable to achieve the goal of fully remedying these material weaknesses and that the corrective actions that we have implemented and are continuing to implement may not fully remedy the material weaknesses that we have identified or prevent similar or other control deficiencies or material weaknesses from having an adverse impact on our business and results of operations or our ability to timely make required SEC filings in the future.
 
The remedial actions that we implemented during the first quarter of 2008 to remedy these material weaknesses included the following:
 
1. With respect to a lack of oversight and review of our inventory costing system, we:
 
  • Transitioned away from spreadsheet-basedlook-ups and calculations andset-upenterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system reports to retrieve and validate data for various inventory accounts;
 
  • Set up reports and schedules in our ERP system to tie reserve amounts into in order to better assure accurate information and reporting;
 
  • Added an additional level of review for manual calculations; and
 
  • Activated ERP system functionality to eliminate certain manual processes.


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2. With respect to the ineffective design and operation of controls for certain inventory shipments and recognition of the related revenue, we:
 
  • Worked with the third-party service provider that we utilize for outsourcing logistics and warehousing of our spare-parts inventory and certain of our finished goods supply activities to provide more timely and accurate information; and
 
  • Implemented specific period-end cut-off testing to ensure that revenue and expenses are being recorded in proper periods.
 
Subject to testing, we believe that no additional remedial actions were necessary in the second quarter of 2008.
 
There were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Qthat have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings.
 
On March 14, 2008, DSM Desotech Inc. filed a complaint in an action titled DSM Desotech Inc. v. 3D Systems Corporation in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Eastern Division) asserting that we engage in anticompetitive behavior with respect to resins used in large-frame stereolithography machines. The complaint further asserts that we are infringing two of DSM Desotech’s patents relating to stereolithography machines. We understand that DSM Desotech estimates the damages associated with its claims to be in excess of $40 million. On or about June 6, 2008, we filed a motion to dismiss the non-patent causes of action. We also filed an answer to the patent-related claims and asserted various defenses and counterclaims. We intend to continue to vigorously contest all of the claims asserted by DSM Desotech.
 
We are also involved in various other legal matters incidental to our business. Our management believes, after consulting with counsel, that the disposition of these other legal matters will not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or consolidated financial position.
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors.
 
There have been no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
On May 20, 2008, we held our annual meeting of stockholders. At the annual meeting, our stockholders:
 
(i) elected the whole Board of Directors to serve until the next annual meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualified; and
 
(ii) ratified the selection of BDO Seidman, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2008.
 
A total of 20,559,255 shares of Common Stock were present in person or by proxy at the annual meeting, representing 20,559,255 votes, or approximately 92% of the voting power of the Company entitled to vote at the annual meeting.
 
The votes cast on the matters that were brought before the annual meeting, including broker non-votes where applicable, were as set forth below:
 
         
  Number of Votes 
  In Favor  Withheld 
 
Nominees for Election to Board of Directors:
        
William E. Curran
  20,526,141   33,114 
Charles W. Hull
  20,526,223   33,032 
Miriam V. Gold
  20,466,511   92,744 
Jim D. Kever
  19,813,984   745,271 
G. Walter Loewenbaum, II
  20,232,057   327,198 
Kevin S. Moore
  19,868,834   690,421 
Abraham N. Reichental
  20,514,943   44,312 
Daniel S. Van Riper
  19,815,543   743,712 
 
                 
           Broker
 
  For  Against  Abstentions  Non-Votes 
 
Ratification of BDO Seidman, LLP as Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
  20,541,992   14,898   2,365   -0- 


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Item 6.  Exhibits.
 
The following exhibits are included as part of this filing and incorporated herein by this reference:
 
     
 3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 toForm 8-Bfiled on August 16, 1993, and the amendment thereto, filed onForm 8-B/Aon February 4, 1994.)
 3.2 Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed on May 23, 1995. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement onForm S-2/A,filed on May 25, 1995.)
 3.3 Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement onForm 8-Afiled on January 8, 1996.)
 3.4 Certificate of Designation of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 2, 2003. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report onForm 8-K,filed on May 7, 2003.)
 3.5 Certificate of Elimination of Series A Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on March 4, 2004. (Incorporated reference to Exhibit 3.6 of Registrant’s Annual Report onForm 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 15, 2004.)
 3.6 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation filed with Secretary of State of Delaware on May 19, 2004. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report onForm 10-Qfor the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004, filed on August 5, 2004.)
 3.7 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation filed with Secretary of State of Delaware on May 17, 2005. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report onForm 10-Qfor the quarterly period ended June 30, 2005, filed on August 1, 2005.)
 3.8 Certificate of Elimination of Series B Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on June 9, 2006. (Incorporated reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Registrant’s Current Report onForm 8-K,filed on June 9, 2006.)
 3.9 Amended and Restated By-Laws. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Registrant’s Current Report onForm 8-Kfiled on December 1, 2006.)
 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 dated August 5, 2008
 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 dated August 5, 2008
 32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer filed pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 dated August 5, 2008
 32.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer filed pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 dated August 5, 2008


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SIGNATURE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
3D Systems Corporation
 
  By 
/s/  Damon J. Gregoire
Damon J. Gregoire
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
(Duly Authorized Officer)
 
Date: August 5, 2008


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