Five Point Holdings - 10-Q quarterly report FY2023 Q3

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-38088

Five Point Holdings, LLC

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

27-0599397

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2000 FivePoint

4th Floor

Irvine

California

92618

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip code)

(949) 349-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common shares	FPH	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 13, 2023, 69,199,938 Class A common shares and 79,233,544 Class B common shares were outstanding.

FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORM 10-Q


		Page
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	1
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	2
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Capital for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	40

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	42
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	42
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	42
ITEM 5.	Other Information	42
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	43
	Signatures	44

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements concern expectations, beliefs, projections, plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “result” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. This report may contain forward-looking statements regarding: our expectations of our future revenues, costs and financial performance; future demographics and market conditions in the areas where our communities are located; the outcome of pending litigation and its effect on our operations; the timing of our development activities; and the timing of future real estate purchases or sales, including anticipated deliveries of homesites and anticipated amenities in our communities.

We caution you that any forward-looking statements presented in this report are based on our current views and information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. We believe these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

•uncertainties and risks related to public health issues such as a major epidemic or pandemic, including COVID-19;

•risks associated with the real estate industry;

•downturns in economic conditions or demographic changes at the national, regional or local levels, particularly in the areas where our properties are located;

•uncertainty and risks related to zoning and land use laws and regulations, including environmental planning and protection laws;

•risks associated with development and construction projects;

•adverse developments in the economic, political, competitive or regulatory climate of California;

•loss of key personnel;

•uncertainties and risks related to adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and climate change;

•fluctuations in interest rates;

•the availability of cash for distribution and debt service and exposure to risk of default under debt obligations;

•exposure to liability relating to environmental and health and safety matters;

•exposure to litigation or other claims;

•insufficient amounts of insurance or exposure to events that are either uninsured or underinsured;

•intense competition in the real estate market and our ability to sell properties at desirable prices;

•fluctuations in real estate values;

•changes in property taxes;

•risks associated with our trademarks, trade names and service marks;

•conflicts of interest with our directors;

•general volatility of the capital and credit markets and the price of our Class A common shares; and

•risks associated with public or private financing or the unavailability thereof.

Please see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as other risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, for a more detailed discussion of these and other risks.

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.

While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. They are based on estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes, except as required by applicable law.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except shares)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
INVENTORIES	$	2,252,783	$	2,239,125
INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES	301,436		331,594
PROPERTIES AND EQUIPMENT, NET	29,381		30,243

INTANGIBLE ASSET, NET—RELATED PARTY	31,029		40,257
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	218,264		131,771
RESTRICTED CASH AND CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT	992		992
RELATED PARTY ASSETS	91,103		97,126
OTHER ASSETS	9,559		14,676
TOTAL	$	2,934,547	$	2,885,784

LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
LIABILITIES:
Notes payable, net	$	621,802	$	620,651
Accounts payable and other liabilities	100,101		94,426

Related party liabilities	81,547		93,086
Deferred income tax liability, net	11,506		11,506
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement	173,208		173,068
Total liabilities	988,164		992,737

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Note 11)
REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST	25,000		25,000
CAPITAL:
Class A common shares; No par value; Issued and outstanding: September 30, 2023—69,199,938 shares; December 31, 2022—69,068,354 shares
Class B common shares; No par value; Issued and outstanding: September 30, 2023—79,233,544 shares; December 31, 2022—79,233,544 shares
Contributed capital	590,551		587,733
Retained earnings	59,024		33,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,914)		(2,988)
Total members’ capital	646,661		618,131
Noncontrolling interests	1,274,722		1,249,916
Total capital	1,921,383		1,868,047
TOTAL	$	2,934,547	$	2,885,784

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
REVENUES:
Land sales	$	60,694	$	72	$	60,685	$	643
Land sales—related party	—		2,817		595		4,529
Management services—related party	4,502		12,108		29,512		18,358
Operating properties	727		419		2,181		2,165
Total revenues	65,923		15,416		92,973		25,695
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Land sales	38,967		—		38,967		—
Management services	2,371		7,488		14,419		12,372
Operating properties	1,351		1,580		4,321		5,797
Selling, general, and administrative	11,938		12,030		38,400		41,472
Restructuring	—		—		—		19,437

Total costs and expenses	54,627		21,098		96,107		79,078
OTHER INCOME:

Interest income	2,413		307		4,542		445

Miscellaneous	1,074		112		1,033		336
Total other income	3,487		419		5,575		781
EQUITY IN (LOSS) EARNINGS FROM UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES	(622)		(4,265)		52,554		(4,654)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION	14,161		(9,528)		54,995		(57,256)
INCOME TAX PROVISION	(3)		(3)		(16)		(16)
NET INCOME (LOSS)	14,158		(9,531)		54,979		(57,272)
LESS NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS	7,555		(5,092)		29,341		(30,592)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY	$	6,603	$	(4,439)	$	25,638	$	(26,680)

NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY PER CLASS A SHARE
Basic	$	0.10	$	(0.06)	$	0.37	$	(0.39)
Diluted	$	0.09	$	(0.07)	$	0.37	$	(0.39)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE CLASS A SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic	68,865,783		68,514,843		68,794,915		68,393,923
Diluted	145,312,266		68,879,642		145,064,113		68,758,722
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY PER CLASS B SHARE
Basic and diluted	$	0.00	$	(0.00)	$	0.00	$	(0.00)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE CLASS B SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic and diluted	79,233,544		79,233,544		79,233,544		79,233,544

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	14,158	$	(9,531)	$	54,979	$	(57,272)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME:
Reclassification of actuarial loss on defined benefit pension plan included in net income (loss)	41		13		122		39
Other comprehensive income before taxes	41		13		122		39
INCOME TAX PROVISION RELATED TO OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	—		—		—		—
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME—Net of tax	41		13		122		39
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	14,199		(9,518)		55,101		(57,233)
LESS COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS	7,571		(5,087)		29,387		(30,577)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY	$	6,628	$	(4,431)	$	25,714	$	(26,656)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Class A Common Shares	Class B Common Shares	Contributed Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Members’ Capital		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Capital
BALANCE - June 30, 2023	69,199,938	79,233,544	$	589,634	$	52,421	$	(2,939)	$	639,116	$	1,269,210	$	1,908,326
Net income	—	—	—		6,603		—		6,603		7,555		14,158
Share-based compensation expense	—	—	917		—		—		917		—		917


Other comprehensive income—net of tax of $0	—	—	—		—		25		25		16		41
Tax distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—		—		—		—		(2,059)		(2,059)


BALANCE - September 30, 2023	69,199,938	79,233,544	$	590,551	$	59,024	$	(2,914)	$	646,661	$	1,274,722	$	1,921,383

BALANCE - June 30, 2022	69,068,354	79,233,544	$	586,267	$	26,548	$	(1,925)	$	610,890	$	1,244,424	$	1,855,314
Net loss	—	—	—		(4,439)		—		(4,439)		(5,092)		(9,531)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—	687		—		—		687		—		687


Other comprehensive income—net of tax of $0	—	—	—		—		8		8		5		13



BALANCE - September 30, 2022	69,068,354	79,233,544	$	586,954	$	22,109	$	(1,917)	$	607,146	$	1,239,337	$	1,846,483

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Class A Common Shares	Class B Common Shares	Contributed Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Members’ Capital		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Capital
BALANCE - December 31, 2022	69,068,354	79,233,544	$	587,733	$	33,386	$	(2,988)	$	618,131	$	1,249,916	$	1,868,047

Net income	—	—	—		25,638		—		25,638		29,341		54,979
Share-based compensation expense	—	—	2,610		—		—		2,610		—		2,610
Reacquisition of share-based compensation awards for tax-withholding purposes	(83,660)	—	(202)		—		—		(202)		—		(202)

Issuance of share-based compensation awards, net of forfeitures	215,244	—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income—net of tax of $0	—	—	—		—		76		76		46		122

Tax distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—		—		—		—		(4,033)		(4,033)
Adjustment to liability recognized under tax receivable agreement—net of tax of $0	—	—	(140)		—		—		(140)		—		(140)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interest in the Operating Company	—	—	550		—		(2)		548		(548)		—
BALANCE - September 30, 2023	69,199,938	79,233,544	$	590,551	$	59,024	$	(2,914)	$	646,661	$	1,274,722	$	1,921,383

BALANCE - December 31, 2021	70,107,552	79,233,544	$	587,587	$	48,789	$	(1,952)	$	634,424	$	1,265,954	$	1,900,378

Net loss	—	—	—		(26,680)		—		(26,680)		(30,592)		(57,272)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—	5,451		—		—		5,451		—		5,451
Reacquisition of share-based compensation awards for tax-withholding purposes	(417,716)	—	(2,736)		—		—		(2,736)		—		(2,736)

Forfeitures of share-based compensation awards, net of issuances	(621,482)	—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income—net of tax of $0	—	—	—		—		24		24		15		39
Tax distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—		—		—		—		(435)		(435)

Adjustment to liability recognized under tax receivable agreement—net of tax of $0	—	—	1,058		—		—		1,058		—		1,058
Adjustment of noncontrolling interest in the Operating Company	—	—	(4,406)		—		11		(4,395)		4,395		—
BALANCE - September 30, 2022	69,068,354	79,233,544	$	586,954	$	22,109	$	(1,917)	$	607,146	$	1,239,337	$	1,846,483

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	54,979	$	(57,272)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Equity in (earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities	(52,554)		4,654
Return on investment from Great Park Venture	52,736		—

Depreciation and amortization	13,077		9,763




Share-based compensation	2,610		5,451
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Inventories	(12,245)		(131,288)
Related party assets	4,244		(4,778)
Other assets	3,581		(878)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	5,893		(7,866)
Related party liabilities	(7,257)		7,191
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	65,064		(175,023)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Return of investment from Great Park Venture	29,028		—
Return of investment from Valencia Landbank Venture	918		2,464

Contribution to Valencia Landbank Venture	—		(95)


Purchase of properties and equipment	—		(62)
Net cash provided by investing activities	29,946		2,307
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:




Related party reimbursement obligation	(4,282)		(3,196)


Reacquisition of share-based compensation awards for tax-withholding purposes	(202)		(2,736)

Tax distributions to noncontrolling interests	(4,033)		(435)

Net cash used in financing activities	(8,517)		(6,367)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH	86,493		(179,083)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH—Beginning of period	132,763		266,792
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH—End of period	$	219,256	$	87,709

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION (Note 12)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

Five Point Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Holding Company” and, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”), is an owner and developer of mixed-use planned communities in California. The Holding Company owns all of its assets and conducts all of its operations through Five Point Operating Company, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Company”), and its subsidiaries.

The Company has two classes of shares outstanding: Class A common shares and Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common shares and holders of Class B common shares are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, and are both entitled to receive distributions at the same time. However, the distributions paid to holders of Class B common shares are in an amount per share equal to 0.0003 multiplied by the amount paid per Class A common share.

The Company presents noncontrolling interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and classifies such interests within capital but separate from the Company’s Class A and Class B members’ capital. Noncontrolling interests represent equity interests in the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries held by partners in the Operating Company, excluding the Holding Company, and members in The Shipyard Communities, LLC (the “San Francisco Venture”), excluding the Operating Company (see Note 5).

The Company has an entity structure in which the Company’s two largest equity owners, Lennar Corporation (“Lennar”) and Castlelake, LP (“Castlelake”), and the Company’s founder and Chairman Emeritus, Emile Haddad, separately hold, in addition to interests in the Company’s common shares, equity interests in either or both the Operating Company or the San Francisco Venture that can be exchanged for, at the Company’s option, either the Company’s Class A common shares or cash. The diagram below presents a simplified depiction of the Company’s organizational structure as of September 30, 2023:

(1) A wholly owned subsidiary of the Holding Company serves as the sole managing general partner of the Operating Company. As of September 30, 2023, the Company owned approximately 62.6% of the outstanding Class A Common Units of the Operating Company. After a one year holding period, a holder of Class A Common Units of the Operating Company can exchange the units for, at the Company’s option, either Class A common shares of the Holding Company, on a one-for-one basis, or cash equal to the fair market value of such shares. Until Class A Common Units of the Operating Company are exchanged or redeemed, the capital associated with Class A Common Units of the Operating Company not held by the Holding Company is presented within "noncontrolling interests" on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. Assuming the exchange of all outstanding Class A Common Units of the Operating Company and all outstanding Class A units of the San Francisco Venture (see (2)

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below), that are not held by the Company, based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common shares on October 13, 2023 ($2.63), the equity market capitalization of the Company was approximately $390.4 million.

(2) The Operating Company owns all of the outstanding Class B units of the San Francisco Venture, the entity developing the Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard communities. The Class A units of the San Francisco Venture, which the Operating Company does not own, are intended to be economically equivalent to Class A Common Units of the Operating Company. As the holder of all outstanding Class B units of the San Francisco Venture, the Operating Company is entitled to receive 99% of available cash from the San Francisco Venture after the holders of Class A units in the San Francisco Venture have received distributions equivalent to the distributions, if any, paid on Class A Common Units of the Operating Company. Class A units of the San Francisco Venture can be exchanged, on a one-for-one basis, for Class A Common Units of the Operating Company (See Note 5). Until exchanged or redeemed through the Operating Company, the capital associated with Class A units of the San Francisco Venture is presented within "noncontrolling interests" on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(3) Together, the Operating Company, Five Point Communities, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“FP LP”), and Five Point Communities Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“FP Inc.” and together with FP LP, the “Management Company”) own 100% of Five Point Land, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“FPL”), the entity developing Valencia, a mixed-use planned community located in northern Los Angeles County, California. The Operating Company has a controlling interest in the Management Company.

(4) Interests in Heritage Fields LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Great Park Venture”), are either “Percentage Interests” or “Legacy Interests.” Holders of the Legacy Interests were entitled to receive priority distributions up to an aggregate amount of $565.0 million, of which $524.3 million had been distributed as of October 13, 2023 (See Note 4). The Company owns a 37.5% Percentage Interest in the Great Park Venture and serves as its administrative member. However, management of the Great Park Venture is vested in the four voting members, who have a total of five votes. Major decisions generally require the approval of at least 75% of the votes of the voting members. The Company has two votes, and the other three voting members each have one vote, so the Company is unable to approve any major decision without the consent or approval of at least two of the other voting members. The Company does not include the Great Park Venture as a consolidated subsidiary, but rather as an equity method investee, in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

(5) The Company owns a 75% interest in Five Point Office Venture Holdings I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Gateway Commercial Venture”). The Company manages the Gateway Commercial Venture, however, the manager’s authority is limited. Major decisions by the Gateway Commercial Venture generally require unanimous approval by an executive committee composed of two people designated by the Company and two people designated by another investor. Some decisions require approval by all of the members of the Gateway Commercial Venture. The Company does not include the Gateway Commercial Venture as a consolidated subsidiary, but rather as an equity method investee, in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Principles of consolidation—The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Holding Company and the accounts of all subsidiaries in which the Holding Company has a controlling interest and the consolidated accounts of variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Holding Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited interim financial information—The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results and cash flows that may be expected for the full year.

Use of estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and makes revisions to these estimates and related disclosures as experience develops or new information becomes known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Miscellaneous other income—Miscellaneous other income consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net periodic pension (cost) benefit	$	(21)	$	112	$	(62)	$	336
Other	1,095		—		1,095		—

Total miscellaneous other income	$	1,074	$	112	$	1,033	$	336

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements—There are no recent accounting pronouncements that have had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

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3. REVENUES

The following tables present the Company’s consolidated revenues disaggregated by revenue source and reporting segment (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023										Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park(1)		Commercial(1)		Total		Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park(1)		Commercial(1)		Total
Land sales and land sales—related party	$	60,694	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	60,694	$	61,280	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	61,280
Management services—related party	—		—		4,392		110		4,502		—		—		29,191		321		29,512
Operating properties	250		—		—		—		250		749		—		—		—		749
	60,944		—		4,392		110		65,446		62,029		—		29,191		321		91,541
Operating properties leasing revenues	312		165		—		—		477		943		489		—		—		1,432
	$	61,256	$	165	$	4,392	$	110	$	65,923	$	62,972	$	489	$	29,191	$	321	$	92,973


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022										Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park(1)		Commercial(1)		Total		Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park(1)		Commercial(1)		Total
Land sales and land sales—related party	$	2,889	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,889	$	5,172	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,172
Management services—related party	—		—		12,000		108		12,108		—		—		18,046		312		18,358
Operating properties	(46)		—		—		—		(46)		870		—		—		—		870
	2,843		—		12,000		108		14,951		6,042		—		18,046		312		24,400
Operating properties leasing revenues	239		226		—		—		465		767		528		—		—		1,295
	$	3,082	$	226	$	12,000	$	108	$	15,416	$	6,809	$	528	$	18,046	$	312	$	25,695

(1) The tables above do not include revenues of the Great Park Venture and the Gateway Commercial Venture, which are included in the Company’s reporting segment totals (see Notes 4 and 13).

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $86.5 million ($79.9 million related party, see Note 8) and $79.7 million ($75.6 million related party, see Note 8), respectively. The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $87.6 million ($79.1 million related party, see Note 8) and $93.9 million ($87.0 million related party, see Note 8), respectively. The decrease of $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets primarily resulted from the receipt of marketing fees from homebuilders from prior period land sales and the receipt of $24.6 million in incentive compensation payments from the Great Park Venture partially offset by additional incentive compensation revenue earned during the period from the Company's amended and restated development management agreement ("A&R DMA") with the Great Park Venture (see Note 8). The increase of $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets primarily resulted from additional incentive compensation revenue during the period that resulted from changes in the estimated constrained transaction price partially offset by the receipt of marketing fees from prior period land sales.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s other receivables from contracts with customers and contract liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were insignificant.

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4. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES

Great Park Venture

The Great Park Venture has two classes of interests—“Percentage Interests” and “Legacy Interests.” The Operating Company owned 37.5% of the Great Park Venture’s Percentage Interests as of September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Great Park Venture made aggregate distributions of $25.5 million to holders of Legacy Interests and $218.0 million to holders of Percentage Interests. The Company received $81.8 million for its 37.5% Percentage Interest. As of September 30, 2023, Legacy Interest holders were entitled to receive a maximum of $40.7 million in distributions to be paid pro-rata with Percentage Interest holders. Approximately 10% of future distributions will be paid to the Legacy Interest holders until such time as the remaining balance has been fully paid. The holders of the Percentage Interests will receive all other distributions.

The Great Park Venture is the owner of Great Park Neighborhoods, a mixed-use planned community located in Orange County, California. The Company, through the A&R DMA, as amended, manages the planning, development and sale of land at the Great Park Neighborhoods and supervises the day-to-day affairs of the Great Park Venture. The Great Park Venture is governed by an executive committee of representatives appointed by only the holders of Percentage Interests. The Company serves as the administrative member but does not control the actions of the executive committee. The Company accounts for its investment in the Great Park Venture using the equity method of accounting.

The carrying value of the Company’s investment in the Great Park Venture is higher than the Company’s underlying share of equity in the carrying value of net assets of the Great Park Venture, resulting in a basis difference. The Company’s earnings or losses from the equity method investment are adjusted by amortization and accretion of the basis differences as the assets (mainly inventory) and liabilities that gave rise to the basis difference are sold, settled or amortized.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Great Park Venture recognized $9.4 million in land sale revenues to related parties of the Company and $363.1 million in land sale revenues to third parties, of which $357.8 million relates to homesites sold to an unaffiliated land banking entity whereby a related party of the Company retained the option to acquire these homesites in the future from the land bank entity.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Great Park Venture recognized $9.7 million in land sale revenues to related parties of the Company and $29.3 million in land sale revenues to third parties.

The following table summarizes the statements of operations of the Great Park Venture for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Land sale and related party land sale revenues	$	372,472	$	39,020
Home sale revenues	—		40,475
Cost of land sales	(165,749)		(15,118)
Cost of home sales	—		(30,784)
Other costs and expenses	(37,204)		(53,251)
Net income (loss) of Great Park Venture	$	169,519	$	(19,658)
The Company’s share of net income (loss)	$	63,570	$	(7,372)
Basis difference (amortization) accretion, net	(10,498)		1,738

Equity in earnings (loss) from Great Park Venture	$	53,072	$	(5,634)

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The following table summarizes the balance sheet data of the Great Park Venture and the Company’s investment balance as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Inventories	$	435,499	$	605,893
Cash and cash equivalents	150,555		149,326
Contract assets, receivable and other assets	165,076		43,955
Total assets	$	751,130	$	799,174
Accounts payable and other liabilities	$	182,112	$	156,085

Redeemable Legacy Interests	40,705		66,254
Capital (Percentage Interest)	528,313		576,835
Total liabilities and capital	$	751,130	$	799,174
The Company’s share of capital in Great Park Venture	$	198,118	$	216,313
Unamortized basis difference	62,215		72,713
The Company’s investment in the Great Park Venture	$	260,333	$	289,026

Gateway Commercial Venture

The Company owned a 75% interest in the Gateway Commercial Venture as of September 30, 2023. The Gateway Commercial Venture is governed by an executive committee in which the Company is entitled to appoint two individuals. One of the other members of the Gateway Commercial Venture is also entitled to appoint two individuals to the executive committee. The unanimous approval of the executive committee is required for certain matters, which limits the Company’s ability to control the Gateway Commercial Venture, however, the Company is able to exercise significant influence and therefore accounts for its investment in the Gateway Commercial Venture using the equity method. The Company is the manager of the Gateway Commercial Venture, with responsibility to manage and administer its day-to-day affairs and implement a business plan approved by the executive committee.

The Gateway Commercial Venture owns one commercial office building and approximately 50 acres of commercial land with additional development rights at a 73 acre office, medical, research and development campus located within the Great Park Neighborhoods (the “Five Point Gateway Campus”). The Five Point Gateway Campus consists of four buildings totaling approximately one million square feet. The Company and a subsidiary of Lennar lease portions of the building owned by the Gateway Commercial Venture, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Gateway Commercial Venture recognized $6.3 million and $6.2 million, respectively, in rental revenues from those leasing arrangements.

The following table summarizes the statements of operations of the Gateway Commercial Venture for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Rental revenues	$	6,329	$	6,248
Rental operating and other expenses	(2,875)		(2,147)
Depreciation and amortization	(2,982)		(2,966)

Interest expense	(1,829)		(1,006)
Net (loss) income of Gateway Commercial Venture	$	(1,357)	$	129
Equity in (loss) earnings from Gateway Commercial Venture	$	(1,018)	$	97

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The following table summarizes the balance sheet data of the Gateway Commercial Venture and the Company’s investment balance as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Real estate and related intangible assets, net	$	79,811	$	82,797
Cash and restricted cash	5,843		4,244
Other assets	3,468		4,588
Total assets	$	89,122	$	91,629
Notes payable, net	$	28,902	$	29,418
Other liabilities	7,317		7,951
Members’ capital	52,903		54,260
Total liabilities and capital	$	89,122	$	91,629
The Company’s investment in the Gateway Commercial Venture	$	39,677	$	40,695

The Company is subject to certain guaranties of the Gateway Commercial Venture's mortgage note, including an interest and carry guaranty along with a springing guaranty of 50% of the outstanding balance in the event the Gateway Commercial Venture's leases with either the Company or the affiliate of Lennar are no longer in effect and the Gateway Commercial Venture is unable to meet certain financial covenants.

Valencia Landbank Venture

As of September 30, 2023, the Company owned a 10% interest in the Valencia Landbank Venture, an entity organized in December 2020 for the purpose of taking assignment from homebuilders of purchase and sale agreements for the purchase of residential lots within the Valencia community. The Valencia Landbank Venture concurrently enters into option and development agreements with homebuilders pursuant to which the homebuilders retain the option to purchase the land to construct and sell homes. The Company does not have a controlling financial interest in the Valencia Landbank Venture, however, the Company has the ability to significantly influence the Valencia Landbank Venture’s operating and financial policies, and most major decisions require the Company’s approval in addition to the approval of the Valencia Landbank Venture’s other unaffiliated member, and therefore the Company accounts for its investment in the Valencia Landbank Venture using the equity method. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s investment in the Valencia Landbank Venture was $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and the Company recognized $0.5 million and $0.9 million in equity in earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

5. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

The Operating Company

The Holding Company’s wholly owned subsidiary is the managing general partner of the Operating Company, and at September 30, 2023, the Holding Company and its wholly owned subsidiary owned approximately 62.6% of the outstanding Class A Common Units and 100% of the outstanding Class B Common Units of the Operating Company. The Holding Company consolidates the financial results of the Operating Company and its subsidiaries and records a noncontrolling interest for the remaining 37.4% of the outstanding Class A Common Units of the Operating Company that are owned separately by affiliates of Lennar, affiliates of Castlelake and an entity controlled by Emile Haddad, the Company’s Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Directors (the “Management Partner”).

After a 12 month holding period, holders of Class A Common Units of the Operating Company may exchange their units for, at the Company’s option, either (i) Class A common shares on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustment in the event of share splits, distributions of shares, warrants or share rights, specified extraordinary distributions and similar events), or (ii) cash in an amount equal to the market value of such shares at the time of exchange. In either situation, an equal number of that holder’s Class B common shares will automatically convert into Class A common shares, at a ratio of 0.0003 Class A common shares for each Class B common share. This exchange right is currently exercisable by all holders of outstanding Class A Common Units of the Operating Company.

With each exchange of Class A Common Units of the Operating Company for Class A common shares, the Holding Company’s percentage ownership interest in the Operating Company and its share of the Operating Company’s cash distributions and profits and losses will increase. Additionally, other issuances of common shares of the Holding Company or common units of the Operating Company result in changes to the noncontrolling interest percentage. Such equity transactions result in an adjustment between members’ capital and the noncontrolling interest in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and statement of capital to account for the changes in the noncontrolling interest ownership percentage as well as any change in total net assets of the Company.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Holding Company’s ownership interest in the Operating Company changed as a result of net equity transactions related to the Company’s share-based compensation plan.

The terms of the Operating Company's Limited Partnership Agreement (“LPA”) provide for the payment of tax distributions to the Operating Company's partners in an amount equal to the estimated income tax liabilities resulting from taxable income or gain allocated to those parties. The tax distribution provisions in the LPA were included in the Operating Company's governing documents adopted prior to the Company’s initial public offering and were designed to provide funds necessary to pay tax liabilities for income that might be allocated, but not paid, to the partners.

Tax distributions to the partners of the Operating Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Management Partner	$	2,059	$	—	$	4,033	$	435
Other partners (excluding the Holding Company)	—		—		—		—
Total tax distributions	$	2,059	$	—	$	4,033	$	435

Generally, tax distributions are treated as advance distributions under the LPA and are taken into account when determining the amounts otherwise distributable under the LPA.

The San Francisco Venture

The San Francisco Venture has three classes of units—Class A, Class B and Class C units. The Operating Company owns all of the outstanding Class B units of the San Francisco Venture. All of the outstanding Class A units are owned by Lennar and Castlelake. The Class A units of the San Francisco Venture are intended to be substantially economically equivalent to the Class A Common Units of the Operating Company. The Class A units of the San Francisco Venture represent noncontrolling interests to the Operating Company.

Holders of Class A units of the San Francisco Venture can redeem their units at any time and receive Class A Common Units of the Operating Company on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustment in the event of share splits, distributions of shares, warrants or share rights, specified extraordinary distributions and similar events). If a holder requests a redemption of Class A units of the San Francisco Venture that would result in the Holding Company’s ownership of the Operating Company falling below 50.1%, the Holding Company has the option of satisfying the redemption with Class A common shares instead. The Company also has the option, at any time, to acquire outstanding Class A units of the San Francisco Venture in exchange for Class A Common Units of the Operating Company. The 12 month holding period for any Class A Common Units of the Operating Company issued in exchange for Class A units of the San Francisco Venture is calculated by including the period that such Class A units of the San Francisco Venture were owned. This exchange right is currently exercisable by all holders of outstanding Class A units of the San Francisco Venture.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

In 2019, the San Francisco Venture issued 25.0 million Class C units to an affiliate of Lennar in exchange for a contribution of $25.0 million to the San Francisco Venture. Provided that Lennar completes the construction of a certain number of new homes in Candlestick as contemplated under purchase and sale agreements with the Company, the San Francisco Venture is required to redeem the Class C units if and when the Company receives reimbursements from the Mello-Roos community facilities district formed for the development, in an aggregate amount equal to 50% of any reimbursements received up to a maximum amount of $25.0 million. The San Francisco Venture also maintains the ability to redeem the then outstanding balance of Class C units for cash at any time. Upon a liquidation of the San Francisco Venture, the holders of Class C Units are entitled to a liquidation preference. The maximum amount payable by the San Francisco Venture pursuant to redemptions or liquidation of the Class C units is $25.0 million. The holders of Class C units are not entitled to receive any other forms of distributions and are not entitled to any voting rights. In connection with the issuance of the Class C units, the San Francisco Venture agreed to spend $25.0 million on the development of infrastructure and/or parking facilities at the Company’s Candlestick development. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $25.0 million of Class C units were outstanding and included in redeemable noncontrolling interest on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6. CONSOLIDATED VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY

The Holding Company conducts all of its operations through the Operating Company, a consolidated VIE, and as a result, substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities of the Operating Company, other than items attributed to income taxes and the payable pursuant to a tax receivable agreement (“TRA”). The Operating Company has investments in and consolidates the assets and liabilities of the San Francisco Venture, FP LP and FPL, all of which have also been determined to be VIEs.

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The San Francisco Venture is a VIE as the other members of the venture, individually or as a group, are not able to exercise kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. The Company applied the variable interest model and determined that it is the primary beneficiary of the San Francisco Venture and, accordingly, the San Francisco Venture is consolidated in the Company’s results. In making that determination, the Company evaluated that the Operating Company has unilateral and unconditional power to make decisions in regards to the activities that significantly impact the economics of the VIE, which are the development of properties, marketing and sale of properties, acquisition of land and other real estate properties and obtaining land ownership or ground lease for the underlying properties to be developed. The Company is determined to have more-than-insignificant economic benefit from the San Francisco Venture because, excluding Class C units, the Operating Company can prevent or cause the San Francisco Venture from making distributions on its units, and the Operating Company would receive 99% of any such distributions made (assuming no distributions had been paid on the Class A Common Units of the Operating Company). In addition, the San Francisco Venture is only allowed to make a capital call on the Operating Company and not any other interest holders, which could be a significant financial risk to the Operating Company.

As of September 30, 2023, the San Francisco Venture had total combined assets of $1.35 billion, primarily comprised of $1.35 billion of inventories and $0.9 million in related party assets, and total combined liabilities of $65.7 million, including $58.7 million in related party liabilities.

As of December 31, 2022, the San Francisco Venture had total combined assets of $1.31 billion, primarily comprised of $1.31 billion of inventories and $0.8 million in related party assets, and total combined liabilities of $67.3 million, including $63.0 million in related party liabilities.

Those assets are owned by, and those liabilities are obligations of, the San Francisco Venture, not the Company. The San Francisco Venture’s operating subsidiaries are not guarantors of the Company’s obligations, and the assets held by the San Francisco Venture may only be used as collateral for the San Francisco Venture’s obligations. The creditors of the San Francisco Venture do not have recourse to the assets of the Operating Company, as the VIE’s primary beneficiary, or of the Holding Company.

The Company and the other members do not generally have an obligation to make capital contributions to the San Francisco Venture. In addition, there are no liquidity arrangements or agreements to fund capital or purchase assets that could require the Company to provide financial support to the San Francisco Venture. The Company does not guarantee any debt of the San Francisco Venture. However, the Operating Company has guaranteed the performance of payment by the San Francisco Venture in accordance with the redemption terms of the Class C units of the San Francisco Venture (see Note 5).

FP LP and FPL are VIEs because the other partners or members have disproportionately fewer voting rights, and substantially all of the activities of the entities are conducted on behalf of the other partners or members and their related parties. The Operating Company, or a wholly owned subsidiary of the Operating Company, is the primary beneficiary of FP LP and FPL.

As of September 30, 2023, FP LP and FPL had combined assets of $1.0 billion, primarily comprised of $904.6 million of inventories, $31.0 million of intangibles and $75.6 million in related party assets, and total combined liabilities of $68.7 million, including $63.7 million in accounts payable and other liabilities and $4.9 million in related party liabilities.

As of December 31, 2022, FP LP and FPL had combined assets of $1.1 billion, primarily comprised of $927.9 million of inventories, $40.3 million of intangibles and $79.9 million in related party assets, and total combined liabilities of $77.2 million, including $70.5 million in accounts payable and other liabilities and $6.7 million in related party liabilities.

The Company evaluates its primary beneficiary designation on an ongoing basis and assesses the appropriateness of the VIE’s status when events have occurred that would trigger such an analysis. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no VIEs that were deconsolidated.

7. INTANGIBLE ASSET, NET—RELATED PARTY

The intangible asset relates to the contract value of the incentive compensation provisions of the A&R DMA with the Great Park Venture. The intangible asset will be amortized over the expected contract period based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be received.

The carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the intangible asset as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount	$	129,705	$	129,705
Accumulated amortization	(98,676)		(89,448)
Net book value	$	31,029	$	40,257

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Intangible asset amortization expense, as a result of revenue recognition attributable to incentive compensation, was $0.6 million and $9.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $5.4 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Amortization expense is included in the cost of management services in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and is included in the Great Park segment.

8. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related party assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Related Party Assets:
Contract assets (see Note 3)	$	75,595	$	79,863
Operating lease right-of-use asset (corporate office lease at Five Point Gateway Campus)	14,646		16,425
Other	862		838
	$	91,103	$	97,126
Related Party Liabilities:
Reimbursement obligation	$	58,708	$	62,990

Payable to holders of Management Company’s Class B interests	4,116		6,700
Operating lease liability (corporate office lease at Five Point Gateway Campus)	11,378		12,535
Accrued advisory fees	6,175		10,525
Other	1,170		336
	$	81,547	$	93,086

Development Management Agreement with the Great Park Venture (Incentive Compensation Contract Asset)

In 2010, the Great Park Venture, the Company’s equity method investee, engaged the Management Company under a development management agreement to provide management services to the Great Park Venture. The compensation structure in place consists of a base fee and incentive compensation. Incentive compensation is 9% of distributions available to be made by the Great Park Venture to its Legacy and Percentage Interest Holders. In December 2022, the Company and the Great Park Venture entered into an amendment to the A&R DMA to extend the term to December 31, 2024 (the "First Renewal Term"). If the A&R DMA is not extended by mutual agreement of the parties beyond December 31, 2024 and the Company is no longer providing management services subsequent to December 31, 2024, the Company will be entitled to 6.75% of distributions paid thereafter.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Great Park Venture made a Legacy Incentive Compensation payment to the Company of $2.6 million and a Non-Legacy Incentive Compensation payment of $22.0 million. Upon receiving the Legacy Incentive Compensation payment, the Company distributed the $2.6 million in proceeds to the holders of the Management Company's Class B interests.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, included in contract assets in the table above is $72.9 million and $77.4 million, respectively, attributed to incentive compensation revenue recognized but not yet due (see Note 3). Management fee revenues under the A&R DMA are included in management services—related party in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and are included in the Great Park segment. Management fee revenues under the A&R DMA were $4.4 million and $29.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $12.0 million and $18.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

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9. NOTES PAYABLE, NET

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, notes payable consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
7.875% Senior Notes due 2025	$	625,000	$	625,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs and discount	(3,198)		(4,349)
	$	621,802	$	620,651

Revolving Credit Facility

In June 2023, the Operating Company entered into the fourth amendment to its $125.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility which, among other things, replaced the London Interbank Offer Rate with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as a benchmark interest rate. Any borrowings under the revolving credit facility bore interest at CME Term SOFR 1 Month increased by 0.10% plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.00% based on the Company’s leverage ratio. The maturity date of the unsecured revolving credit facility remained in April 2024, with one option to extend the maturity date by an additional year, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the approval of the administrative agent and lenders. As of September 30, 2023, no borrowings or letters of credit were outstanding on the Operating Company’s revolving credit facility.

On October 19, 2023, the Operating Company entered into the fifth amendment to its $125.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which, among other things, extended the maturity date as well as amended and restated the existing credit agreement inclusive of prior amendments. The maturity date has been extended to April 2026, which can be accelerated to July 2025 if the substantial majority of the Operating Company’s senior notes are not refinanced, repaid or extended prior to such date. Any borrowings under the amended and restated revolving credit agreement will bear interest at CME Term SOFR 1 Month increased by 0.10% plus a margin of either 2.25% or 2.50% based on the Company's leverage ratio. The amended and restated revolving credit facility may be further extended to April 2027, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the approval of the administrative agent and lenders.

10. TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

The Company is a party to a TRA with all of the holders of Class A Common Units of the Operating Company, all the holders of Class A units of the San Francisco Venture, and prior holders of Class A Common Units of the Operating Company and prior holders of Class A units of the San Francisco Venture that have exchanged their holdings for Class A common shares (as parties to the TRA, the “TRA Parties”). At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets included a liability of $173.2 million and $173.1 million, respectively, for payments expected to be made under certain components of the TRA which the Company deems to be probable and estimable. No TRA payments were made during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is subject to the usual obligations associated with entering into contracts for the purchase, development and sale of real estate, which the Company does in the routine conduct of its business. The operations of the Company are conducted through the Operating Company and its subsidiaries, and in some cases, the Holding Company will guarantee the payment by or performance of the Operating Company or its subsidiaries. The Company has operating leases for its corporate office and other facilities and the Holding Company is a guarantor to some of these lease agreements. Operating lease right-of-use assets are included in other assets or related party assets, and operating lease liabilities are included in accounts payable and other liabilities or related party liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and were as follows as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets ($14,646 and $16,425 related party, respectively)	$	15,141	$	19,067
Operating lease liabilities ($11,378 and $12,535 related party, respectively)	$	11,791	$	15,705

In addition to operating lease payment guarantees, the Holding Company had other contractual payment guarantees as of September 30, 2023 totaling $8.5 million.

Performance and Completion Bonding Agreements

In the ordinary course of business and as a part of the entitlement and development process, the Company is required to provide performance bonds to ensure completion of certain of the Company’s development obligations. The Company had outstanding performance bonds of $307.2 million and $315.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard Disposition and Development Agreement

The San Francisco Venture is a party to a disposition and development agreement with the Successor to the Redevelopment Agency of the City and County of San Francisco (the “San Francisco Agency”) in which the San Francisco Agency has agreed to convey portions of Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard to the San Francisco Venture for development. The San Francisco Venture has agreed to reimburse the San Francisco Agency for reasonable costs and expenses actually incurred and paid by the San Francisco Agency in performing its obligations under the disposition and development agreement. The San Francisco Agency can also earn a return of certain profits generated from the development and sale of Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard if certain thresholds are met.

At each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the San Francisco Venture had outstanding guarantees benefiting the San Francisco Agency for infrastructure and construction of certain park and open space obligations with aggregate maximum obligations of $198.3 million.

Letters of Credit

At each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling $1.0 million. These letters of credit were issued to secure various development and financial obligations. At each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had restricted cash and certificates of deposit of $1.0 million pledged as collateral under certain of the letters of credit agreements.

Legal Proceedings

Hunters Point Litigation

In May 2018, residents of the Bayview Hunters Point neighborhood in San Francisco filed a putative class action in San Francisco Superior Court naming Tetra Tech, Inc. and Tetra Tech EC, Inc., an independent contractor hired by the U.S. Navy to conduct testing and remediation of toxic radiological waste at The San Francisco Shipyard (“Tetra Tech”), Lennar and the Company as defendants (the “Bayview Action”). The plaintiffs allege that, among other things, Tetra Tech fraudulently misrepresented its test results and remediation efforts. The plaintiffs are seeking damages against Tetra Tech and the Company and have requested an injunction to prevent the Company and Lennar from undertaking any development activities at The San Francisco Shipyard. Given the preliminary nature of the claims, the Company cannot predict the outcome of the Bayview Action. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to the allegations in the Bayview Action and may have insurance and indemnification rights against third parties with respect to the claims.

Other

Other than the actions outlined above, the Company is also a party to various other claims, legal actions, and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business, the disposition of which, in the Company’s opinion, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

As a significant land owner and developer of unimproved land it is possible that environmental contamination conditions could exist that would require the Company to take corrective action. In the opinion of the Company, such corrective actions, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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12. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Supplemental cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest, all of which was capitalized to inventories	$	26,668	$	26,902
Noncash lease expense	$	3,086	$	3,453

NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Adjustment to operating lease right-of-use assets from lease modification	$	(773)	$	—
Adjustment to liability recognized under TRA	$	140	$	(1,058)

Noncash lease expense is included within the depreciation and amortization adjustment to net loss on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	218,264	$	86,379
Restricted cash and certificates of deposit	992		1,330
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	219,256	$	87,709

Amounts included in restricted cash and certificates of deposit represent amounts held as collateral on open letters of credit related to development obligations or because of other contractual obligations of the Company that require the restriction.

13. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company’s reportable segments consist of:

• Valencia—includes the community of Valencia being developed in northern Los Angeles County, California. The Valencia segment derives revenues from the sale of residential and commercial land sites to homebuilders, commercial developers and commercial buyers. The Company’s investment in the Valencia Landbank Venture is also reported in the Valencia segment.

• San Francisco—includes the Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard communities located on bayfront property in the City of San Francisco, California. The San Francisco segment derives revenues from the sale of residential and commercial land sites to homebuilders, commercial developers and commercial buyers.

• Great Park—includes the Great Park Neighborhoods being developed adjacent to and around the Orange County Great Park, a metropolitan park under construction in Orange County, California. This segment also includes management services provided by the Management Company to the Great Park Venture, the owner of the Great Park Neighborhoods. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had a 37.5% Percentage Interest in the Great Park Venture and accounted for the investment under the equity method. The reported segment information for the Great Park segment includes the results of 100% of the Great Park Venture at the historical basis of the venture, which did not apply push down accounting at acquisition date. The Great Park segment derives revenues at the Great Park Neighborhoods from sales of residential and commercial land sites to homebuilders, commercial developers and commercial buyers, sales of homes constructed and marketed under a fee build arrangement, and management services provided by the Company to the Great Park Venture.

• Commercial—includes the operations of the Gateway Commercial Venture, which owns an approximately 189,000 square foot office building at the Five Point Gateway Campus. The Five Point Gateway Campus is an office, medical and research and development campus located within the Great Park Neighborhoods and consists of four buildings and surrounding land. The Company and a subsidiary of Lennar lease portions of the building owned by the Gateway Commercial Venture. The Gateway Commercial Venture also owns approximately 50 acres of the surrounding commercial land with additional development rights at the campus. This segment also includes property management services provided by the Management Company to the Gateway Commercial Venture. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had a 75% interest in the Gateway Commercial Venture and accounted for the investment under the equity method. The reported segment information for the Commercial segment includes the results of 100% of the Gateway Commercial Venture at the historical basis of the venture.

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Segment operating results and reconciliations to the Company’s consolidated balances are as follows (in thousands):


	Revenues				Profit (Loss)				Revenues				Profit (Loss)
	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Valencia	$	61,256	$	3,082	$	19,614	$	(543)	$	62,972	$	6,809	$	12,637	$	(8,314)
San Francisco	165		226		(862)		(672)		489		528		(2,777)		(2,155)
Great Park	7,668		47,195		640		(13,791)		401,663		97,541		184,291		(13,984)
Commercial	2,264		2,297		(358)		(8)		6,650		6,560		(1,036)		441
Total reportable segments	71,353		52,800		19,034		(15,014)		471,774		111,438		193,115		(24,012)
Reconciling items:
Removal of results of unconsolidated entities—
Great Park Venture (1)	(3,276)		(35,195)		1,381		18,303		(372,472)		(79,495)		(169,519)		19,658
Gateway Commercial Venture (1)	(2,154)		(2,189)		468		116		(6,329)		(6,248)		1,357		(129)
Add equity in earnings (losses) from unconsolidated entities—
Great Park Venture	—		—		(412)		(4,540)		—		—		53,072		(5,634)
Gateway Commercial Venture	—		—		(351)		(87)		—		—		(1,018)		97
Corporate and unallocated (2)	—		—		(5,962)		(8,309)		—		—		(22,028)		(47,252)
Total consolidated balances	$	65,923	$	15,416	$	14,158	$	(9,531)	$	92,973	$	25,695	$	54,979	$	(57,272)

(1) Represents the removal of the Great Park Venture and Gateway Commercial Venture operating results, which are included in the Great Park segment and Commercial segment operating results at 100% of each venture’s historical basis, respectively, but are not included in the Company’s consolidated results and balances as the Company accounts for its investment in each venture using the equity method of accounting.

(2) Corporate and unallocated activity is primarily comprised of corporate general and administrative expenses and restructuring expenses.

Segment assets and reconciliations to the Company’s consolidated balances are as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Valencia	$	944,331	$	972,028
San Francisco	1,350,291		1,314,308
Great Park	855,185		916,909
Commercial	89,122		91,629
Total reportable segments	3,238,929		3,294,874
Reconciling items:
Removal of unconsolidated balances of Great Park Venture (1)	(751,130)		(799,174)
Removal of unconsolidated balances of Gateway Commercial Venture (1)	(89,122)		(91,629)
Other eliminations (2)	(240)		(174)
Add investment balance in Great Park Venture	260,333		289,026
Add investment balance in Gateway Commercial Venture	39,677		40,695
Corporate and unallocated (3)	236,100		152,166
Total consolidated balances	$	2,934,547	$	2,885,784

(1) Represents the removal of the Great Park Venture and Gateway Commercial Venture balances, which are included in the Great Park segment and Commercial segment balances at 100% of each venture’s historical basis, respectively, but are not included in the Company’s consolidated balances as the Company accounts for its investment in each venture using the equity method of accounting.

(2) Represents intersegment balances that eliminate in consolidation.

(3) Corporate and unallocated assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, right-of-use assets and prepaid expenses.

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14. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In April 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Five Point Holdings, LLC 2023 Incentive Award Plan (the “Incentive Award Plan”) as the successor to the Five Point Holdings, LLC Amended and Restated 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the “Prior Plan”). The Incentive Award Plan became effective on June 7, 2023, the date on which it was approved by shareholders at the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Incentive Award Plan increased the aggregate number of common shares available for issuance under the Prior Plan by 7,500,000 Class A common shares of the Holding Company.

The following table summarizes share-based equity compensation activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:


	Share-Based Awards (in thousands)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2023	2,166	$	3.77
Granted	3,947	$	1.92
Cancelled	(906)	$	2.16
Forfeited	—	$	—
Vested	(744)	$	5.74
Nonvested at September 30, 2023	4,463	$	2.13

Share-based compensation expense was $0.9 million and $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $0.7 million and $5.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. All share-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the three months ended September 30, 2022 is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. In February 2022, the Company accelerated the expense attributed to the outstanding restricted share awards of two former officers of the Company resulting from a modification of the required service condition of the awards. As a result, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, share-based compensation expense of $3.0 million is included in restructuring expense and $2.5 million is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

The estimated fair value at vesting of share-based awards that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.8 million. In January 2023 and 2022, the Company reacquired vested restricted Class A common shares for $0.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the purpose of settling tax withholding obligations of employees. The reacquisition cost is based on the fair value of the Company’s Class A common shares on the date the tax obligation is incurred.

15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Retirement Plan—The Newhall Land and Farming Company Retirement Plan (the “Retirement Plan”) is a defined benefit plan that is funded by the Company and qualified under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. The Retirement Plan was frozen in 2004.

The components of net periodic cost (benefit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net periodic cost (benefit):
Interest cost	$	202	$	136	$	606	$	408
Expected return on plan assets	(222)		(261)		(666)		(783)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	41		13		122		39
Net periodic cost (benefit)	$	21	$	(112)	$	62	$	(336)

Net periodic cost (benefit) does not include a service cost component as a result of the Retirement Plan being frozen. All other components of net periodic benefit are included in other income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

16. INCOME TAXES

Upon formation, the Holding Company elected to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal, state, and local tax purposes. All operations are carried on through the Holding Company’s subsidiaries, the majority of which are pass-through entities that are generally not subject to federal or state income taxation, as all of the taxable income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits are passed through to the partners. The Holding Company is responsible for income taxes on its allocable share of the Operating Company’s income or gain.

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Other than a small income tax provision attributed to one of the Company’s consolidated subsidiary corporations, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded no provision or benefit for income taxes (after application of a decrease in the Company’s valuation allowance) on pre-tax income of $14.2 million. In the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded no provision or benefit for income taxes (after application of an increase in the Company’s valuation allowance) on pre-tax loss of $9.5 million. Other than a small income tax provision attributed to one of the Company’s consolidated subsidiary corporations, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded no provision or benefit for income taxes (after application of a decrease in the Company’s valuation allowance) on pre-tax income of $55.0 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded no provision or benefit for income taxes (after application of an increase in the Company’s valuation allowance) on pre-tax loss of $57.3 million. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, differ from the 21% federal statutory rate and applicable state statutory rates primarily due to the Company’s valuation allowance on its book losses, disallowance of executive compensation expenses not deductible for tax, and to the pre-tax portion of income and losses that are passed through to the other partners of the Operating Company and the San Francisco Venture.

Largely due to a history of book losses, the Company continues to record a valuation allowance against its federal and state net deferred tax assets.

17. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DISCLOSURES

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, emphasizes that a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions. The following hierarchy classifies the inputs used to determine fair value into three levels:

Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets

Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or inputs, other than quoted prices, that are observable for the instrument either directly or indirectly

Level 3—Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable

At each reporting period, the Company evaluates the fair value of its financial instruments compared to carrying values. Other than the Company’s notes payable, net, the carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, which includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and certificates of deposit, certain related party assets and liabilities, and accounts payable and other liabilities, approximated the Company’s estimates of fair value at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The fair value of the Company’s notes payable, net, are estimated based on quoted market prices or discounting the expected cash flows based on rates available to the Company (level 2). At September 30, 2023, the estimated fair value of notes payable, net was $590.4 million, compared to a carrying value of $621.8 million. At December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of notes payable, net was $525.5 million, compared to a carrying value of $620.7 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

18. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company uses the two-class method in its computation of earnings per share. The Company’s Class A common shares and Class B common shares are entitled to receive distributions at different rates, with each Class B common share receiving 0.03% of the distributions paid on each Class A common share. Under the two-class method, the Company’s net income available to common shareholders is allocated between the two classes of common shares on a fully-distributed basis and reflects residual net income after amounts attributed to noncontrolling interests. In the event of a net loss, the Company determined that both classes share in the Company’s losses, and they share in the losses using the same mechanism as the distributions. The Company also has restricted share awards and performance restricted share awards (see Note 14) that have a right to non-forfeitable dividends while unvested and are contemplated as participating when the Company is in a net income position. These awards participate in distributions on a basis equivalent to other Class A common shares but do not participate in losses.

No distributions on common shares were declared for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022.

Diluted income (loss) per share calculations for both Class A common shares and Class B common shares contemplate adjustments to the numerator and the denominator under the if-converted method for the convertible Class B common shares, the exchangeable Class A units of the San Francisco Venture and the exchangeable Class A Common Units of the Operating Company. The Company uses the treasury stock method or the two-class method when evaluating dilution for RSUs, restricted shares, and performance restricted units and shares. The more dilutive of the two methods is included in the calculation for diluted income (loss) per share.

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The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company	$	6,603	$	(4,439)	$	25,638	$	(26,680)
Adjustments to net income (loss) attributable to the Company	—		18		(13)		141
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$	6,603	$	(4,421)	$	25,625	$	(26,539)
Numerator—basic common shares:
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$	6,603	$	(4,421)	$	25,625	$	(26,539)
Less: net income allocated to participating securities	32		—		131		—
Allocation of basic net income (loss) among common shareholders	$	6,571	$	(4,421)	$	25,494	$	(26,539)
Numerator for basic net income (loss) available to Class A common shareholders	$	6,569	$	(4,419)	$	25,485	$	(26,530)
Numerator for basic net income (loss) available to Class B common shareholders	$	2	$	(2)	$	9	$	(9)
Numerator—diluted common shares:
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$	6,603	$	(4,421)	$	25,625	$	(26,539)
Reallocation of income (loss) from dilutive potential securities	7,226		(90)		28,135		(502)
Less: net income allocated to participating securities	32		—		131		—
Allocation of diluted net income (loss) among common shareholders	$	13,797	$	(4,511)	$	53,629	$	(27,041)
Numerator for diluted net income (loss) available to Class A common shareholders	$	13,795	$	(4,509)	$	53,620	$	(27,032)
Numerator for diluted net income (loss) available to Class B common shareholders	$	2	$	(2)	$	9	$	(9)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average Class A common shares outstanding	68,865,783		68,514,843		68,794,915		68,393,923
Diluted weighted average Class A common shares outstanding	145,312,266		68,879,642		145,064,113		68,758,722
Basic and diluted weighted average Class B common shares outstanding	79,233,544		79,233,544		79,233,544		79,233,544

Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Class A common shares	$	0.10	$	(0.06)	$	0.37	$	(0.39)
Class B common shares	$	0.00	$	(0.00)	$	0.00	$	(0.00)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Class A common shares	$	0.09	$	(0.07)	$	0.37	$	(0.39)
Class B common shares	$	0.00	$	(0.00)	$	0.00	$	(0.00)


Anti-dilutive potential Performance RSUs	3,123,408		1,145,832		3,123,408		1,145,832
Anti-dilutive potential Restricted Shares (weighted average)	—		553,511		—		719,364
Anti-dilutive potential Performance Restricted Shares (weighted average)	—		—		—		33,063
Anti-dilutive potential Class A common shares from exchanges (weighted average)	3,137,134		76,120,180		3,137,134		76,120,180

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19. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the Company consists of unamortized defined benefit pension plan net actuarial losses that totaled $2.9 million and $3.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, net of tax benefits of $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively. At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held a full valuation allowance related to the accumulated tax benefits. Accumulated other comprehensive loss of $1.8 million and $1.9 million is included in noncontrolling interests at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net actuarial gains or losses are re-determined annually or upon remeasurement events and principally arise from changes in the rate used to discount benefit obligations and differences between expected and actual returns on plan assets. Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income (loss) attributable to the Company related to amortization of net actuarial losses were approximately $76,000 and $24,000, net of taxes, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in other miscellaneous income in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion contains management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this report and our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. “Us,” “we,” and “our” refer to Five Point Holdings, LLC, together with its consolidated subsidiaries. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as well as other risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Actual results could differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We conduct all of our business in or through our operating company, Five Point Operating Company, LP (the “operating company”). We are, through a wholly owned subsidiary, the sole managing general partner and owned, as of September 30, 2023, approximately 62.6% of the operating company. The operating company directly or indirectly owns equity interests in:

•Five Point Land, LLC, which owns The Newhall Land & Farming Company, a California limited partnership, the entity that is developing Valencia, our community in northern Los Angeles County, California;

•The Shipyard Communities, LLC (the “San Francisco Venture”), which is developing Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard, our communities in the City of San Francisco, California;

•Heritage Fields LLC (the “Great Park Venture”), which is developing Great Park Neighborhoods, our community in Orange County, California;

•Five Point Office Venture Holdings I, LLC (the “Gateway Commercial Venture”), which owns portions of the Five Point Gateway Campus, a commercial office, research and development and medical campus located within the Great Park Neighborhoods; and

•Five Point Communities, LP and Five Point Communities Management, Inc. (together, the “management company”), which provide development and property management services for the Great Park Neighborhoods and the Five Point Gateway Campus.

The operating company consolidates and controls the management of all of these entities except for the Great Park Venture and the Gateway Commercial Venture. The operating company owns a 37.5% percentage interest in the Great Park Venture and a 75% interest in the Gateway Commercial Venture and accounts for its interest in both using the equity method.

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Operational Highlights

During the third quarter of 2023, we continued to focus on execution of our three main priorities: generating revenue and positive cash flow; controlling our selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) costs; and managing our capital spend to match near term revenue opportunities. Our consolidated net income was $14.2 million for the third quarter and $55.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net loss of $9.5 million and net loss of $57.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. SG&A expenses totaled $11.9 million for the third quarter and $38.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $12.0 million and $41.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

At Valencia, we closed the sale of 146 homesites on approximately 26 acres for an aggregate fixed gross purchase price of $60.6 million in the third quarter of 2023. The Great Park Venture, in which we have a 37.5% percentage interest and manage all aspects of the development cycle, received $17.4 million in public financing reimbursements for public infrastructure costs and other reimbursements in the third quarter of 2023.

Although interest rates remain elevated, it appears that home buyers are adjusting to the new mortgage interest rate environment. The lack of resale inventory in our markets, created in part by high interest rates, helped sustain home buyer activity at our master planned communities during the third quarter. At Valencia, guest builders sold 75 homes during the third quarter of 2023, compared to 79 homes in the second quarter of 2023, increasing total homes sold to 1,187 since sales began in May 2021. At the Great Park Neighborhoods, guest builders sold a total of 113 homes during the third quarter of 2023, compared to 177 homes in the second quarter of 2023. We believe the continued reduction in the number of homes sold at the Great Park Neighborhoods since the first quarter is largely a reflection of lower available inventory as existing neighborhoods sell out. We anticipate that additional inventory will become available for sale in early 2024. Despite the headwinds facing the market, we continue to believe that builder demand for land in premier master planned communities will allow us to execute on both residential and commercial land sales over the remainder of 2023.

At September 30, 2023, we had $218.3 million in cash, compared to $193.2 million at the end of the second quarter, and $125.0 million available under our revolving credit facility, giving us total liquidity of $343.3 million.

On October 19, 2023, we entered into the fifth amendment to our $125.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which, among other things, extended the maturity date as well as amended and restated the existing credit agreement inclusive of prior amendments. The maturity date has been extended to April 2026, which can be accelerated to July 2025 if the substantial majority of our senior notes are not refinanced, repaid or extended prior to such date. Any borrowings under the amended and restated revolving credit agreement will bear interest at CME Term SOFR 1 Month increased by 0.10% plus a margin of either 2.25% or 2.50% based on our leverage ratio. The amended and restated revolving credit facility may be further extended to April 2027, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the approval of the administrative agent and lenders.

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Results of Operations

The timing of our land sale revenues is influenced by several factors, including the sequencing of the planning and development process and market conditions at our communities. As a result, we have historically experienced, and expect to continue to experience, variability in results of operations between comparable periods.

The following table summarizes our consolidated historical results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Statement of Operations Data
Revenues
Land sales	$	60,694	$	72	$	60,685	$	643
Land sales—related party	—		2,817		595		4,529
Management services—related party	4,502		12,108		29,512		18,358
Operating properties	727		419		2,181		2,165
Total revenues	65,923		15,416		92,973		25,695
Costs and expenses
Land sales	38,967		—		38,967		—
Management services	2,371		7,488		14,419		12,372
Operating properties	1,351		1,580		4,321		5,797
Selling, general, and administrative	11,938		12,030		38,400		41,472
Restructuring	—		—		—		19,437

Total costs and expenses	54,627		21,098		96,107		79,078
Other income

Interest income	2,413		307		4,542		445

Miscellaneous	1,074		112		1,033		336
Total other income	3,487		419		5,575		781
Equity in (loss) earnings from unconsolidated entities	(622)		(4,265)		52,554		(4,654)
Income (loss) before income tax provision	14,161		(9,528)		54,995		(57,256)
Income tax provision	(3)		(3)		(16)		(16)
Net income (loss)	14,158		(9,531)		54,979		(57,272)
Less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	7,555		(5,092)		29,341		(30,592)
Net income (loss) attributable to the company	$	6,603	$	(4,439)	$	25,638	$	(26,680)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenues. Revenues increased by $50.5 million, or 327.6%, to $65.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $15.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in revenues was primarily due to land sales at our Valencia segment during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to no land sales during the same period in 2022, partially offset by a decrease in management services revenue at our Great Park segment during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Cost of land sales. The cost of land sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was attributable to land sales at our Valencia segment.

Cost of management services. Cost of management services decreased by $5.1 million, or 68.3%, to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in intangible asset amortization expense at our Great Park segment.

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Equity in loss from unconsolidated entities. Our consolidated results reflect our share in the earnings or losses of our interests in our unconsolidated entities, including the Great Park Venture and the Gateway Commercial Venture, within equity in loss from unconsolidated entities on our condensed consolidated statement of operations. Our segment results for the Great Park segment and the Commercial segment present the results of the Great Park Venture and the Gateway Commercial Venture at the book basis of the ventures within the respective segments.

Equity in loss from unconsolidated entities was $0.6 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The equity in loss during each period was primarily a result of recognizing our share of the net loss generated by the Great Park Venture during each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Income taxes. Other than a small tax provision incurred by one of our consolidated subsidiary corporations, pre-tax income of $14.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 resulted in no tax provision (after application of a decrease in our valuation allowance of $1.9 million). Pre-tax loss of $9.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 resulted in no tax benefit (after application of an increase in our valuation allowance of $1.7 million). We assessed the realization of our net deferred tax asset and the need for a valuation allowance and determined that at September 30, 2023, it was more likely than not that the net deferred tax asset was not realizable and resulted in a net deferred tax liability after application of the valuation allowance. Our effective tax rate, before changes in valuation allowance, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was substantially similar to our effective tax rate, before changes in valuation allowance, for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests. Until exchanged for our Class A common shares or, at our election, cash, noncontrolling interests represent interests held by other partners in the operating company and members of the San Francisco Venture. Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests on the condensed consolidated statement of operations represents the portion of income or losses attributable to the interests in our subsidiaries held by the noncontrolling interests.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenues. Revenues increased by $67.3 million, or 261.8%, to $93.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $25.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in revenues was primarily due to land sales at our Valencia segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to no land sales during the same period in 2022 and an increase in management services revenue at our Great Park segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Cost of land sales. The cost of land sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was attributable to land sales at our Valencia segment.

Cost of management services. Cost of management services increased by $2.0 million, or 16.5%, to $14.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in intangible asset amortization expense at our Great Park segment.

Selling, general, and administrative. Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $3.1 million, or 7.4%, to $38.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $41.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease in employee related and selling and marketing expenses.

Restructuring. On February 9, 2022, Daniel Hedigan was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer. Preceding Mr. Hedigan’s appointment, Emile Haddad stepped down from his roles as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President effective as of September 30, 2021 and transitioned into a senior advisory role pursuant to a three-year advisory agreement. Mr. Haddad remains a member of the Board of Directors serving as Chairman Emeritus. Concurrent with Mr. Hedigan’s appointment, Lynn Jochim transitioned from her position as President and Chief Operating Officer into an advisory role pursuant to a three-year advisory agreement. Upon the appointment of Mr. Hedigan as our Chief Executive Officer, we accrued a related party liability of $15.6 million attributed to advisory agreement payments due to Mr. Haddad and Ms. Jochim over the term of the respective advisory agreements. In addition, we determined the service condition associated with Mr. Haddad and Ms. Jochim’s unvested restricted share awards had been modified. As a result of this modification, we recognized approximately $3.0 million in share-based compensation expense as a restructuring cost during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

In addition to our executive management restructuring activities, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred $0.9 million in restructuring costs for severance benefits from layoffs that occurred in March 2022.

Equity in earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities. Equity in earnings from unconsolidated entities was $52.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase from a loss of $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of recognizing our share of the net income generated by the Great Park Venture from land sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Income taxes. Other than a small tax provision incurred by one of our consolidated subsidiary corporations, pre-tax income of $55.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 resulted in no tax provision (after application of a decrease in our valuation allowance of $7.4 million). Pre-tax loss of $57.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 resulted in no tax benefit (after application of an increase in our valuation allowance of $6.8 million). We assessed the realization of our net deferred tax asset and the need for a valuation allowance and determined that at September 30, 2023, it was more likely than not that the net deferred tax asset was not realizable and resulted in a net deferred tax liability after application of the valuation allowance. Our effective tax rate, before changes in valuation allowance, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was substantially similar to our effective tax rate, before changes in valuation allowance, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Segment Results and Financial Information

Our four reportable operating segments include our three community segments, Valencia, San Francisco and Great Park, and our Commercial segment:

•Our Valencia segment includes operating results related to the Valencia community and agricultural operations in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California. Our investment in the Valencia Landbank Venture is also reported in the Valencia segment.

•Our San Francisco segment includes operating results for the Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard communities.

•Our Great Park segment includes operating results for the Great Park Neighborhoods community as well as development management services provided by the management company for the Great Park Venture.

•Our Commercial segment includes the operating results of the Gateway Commercial Venture’s ownership in the Five Point Gateway Campus as well as property management services provided by the management company for the Gateway Commercial Venture.

The following tables reconcile the results of operations of our segments to our consolidated results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park		Commercial		Total reportable segments		Corporate and unallocated		Total under management		Removal of unconsolidated entities(1)		Total consolidated
REVENUES:
Land sales	$	60,694	$	—	$	1,255	$	—	$	61,949	$	—	$	61,949	$	(1,255)	$	60,694
Land sales—related party	—		—		2,021		—		2,021		—		2,021		(2,021)		—

Management services—related party(2)	—		—		4,392		110		4,502		—		4,502		—		4,502
Operating properties	562		165		—		2,154		2,881		—		2,881		(2,154)		727
Total revenues	61,256		165		7,668		2,264		71,353		—		71,353		(5,430)		65,923
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Land sales	38,967		—		—		—		38,967		—		38,967		—		38,967

Management services(2)	—		—		2,371		—		2,371		—		2,371		—		2,371
Operating properties	1,351		—		—		829		2,180		—		2,180		(829)		1,351
Selling, general, and administrative	2,539		1,033		2,289		1,097		6,958		8,366		15,324		(3,386)		11,938

Management fees—related party	—		—		4,659		—		4,659		—		4,659		(4,659)		—
Total costs and expenses	42,857		1,033		9,319		1,926		55,135		8,366		63,501		(8,874)		54,627
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

Interest income	—		6		1,964		25		1,995		2,407		4,402		(1,989)		2,413
Interest expense	—		—		—		(721)		(721)		—		(721)		721		—



Miscellaneous	1,074		—		—		—		1,074		—		1,074		—		1,074
Total other income (expense)	1,074		6		1,964		(696)		2,348		2,407		4,755		(1,268)		3,487
EQUITY IN EARNINGS (LOSS) FROM UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES	141		—		327		—		468		—		468		(1,090)		(622)
SEGMENT PROFIT (LOSS)/INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION	19,614		(862)		640		(358)		19,034		(5,959)		13,075		1,086		14,161
INCOME TAX PROVISION	—		—		—		—		—		(3)		(3)		—		(3)
SEGMENT PROFIT (LOSS)/NET INCOME	$	19,614	$	(862)	$	640	$	(358)	$	19,034	$	(5,962)	$	13,072	$	1,086	$	14,158

(1) Represents the removal of the Great Park Venture and Gateway Commercial Venture operating results, which are included in the Great Park segment and Commercial segment operating results at 100% of each venture’s historical basis, respectively, but are not included in our consolidated results as we account for our investment in each venture using the equity method of accounting.

(2) For the Great Park and Commercial segments, represents the revenues and expenses attributable to the management company for providing services to the Great Park Venture and the Gateway Commercial Venture, as applicable.

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park		Commercial		Total reportable segments		Corporate and unallocated		Total under management		Removal of unconsolidated entities(1)		Total consolidated
REVENUES:
Land sales	$	72	$	—	$	28,678	$	—	$	28,750	$	—	$	28,750	$	(28,678)	$	72
Land sales—related party	2,817		—		6,517		—		9,334		—		9,334		(6,517)		2,817

Management services—related party(2)	—		—		12,000		108		12,108		—		12,108		—		12,108
Operating properties	193		226		—		2,189		2,608		—		2,608		(2,189)		419
Total revenues	3,082		226		47,195		2,297		52,800		—		52,800		(37,384)		15,416
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Land sales	—		—		15,105		—		15,105		—		15,105		(15,105)		—

Management services(2)	—		—		7,488		—		7,488		—		7,488		—		7,488
Operating properties	1,580		—		—		754		2,334		—		2,334		(754)		1,580
Selling, general, and administrative	2,519		898		3,655		1,076		8,148		8,613		16,761		(4,731)		12,030

Management fees—related party	—		—		35,294		—		35,294		—		35,294		(35,294)		—
Total costs and expenses	4,099		898		61,542		1,830		68,369		8,613		76,982		(55,884)		21,098
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

Interest income	—		—		460		—		460		307		767		(460)		307
Interest expense	—		—		—		(386)		(386)		—		(386)		386		—

Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		(89)		(89)		—		(89)		89		—

Miscellaneous	112		—		—		—		112		—		112		—		112
Total other income (expense)	112		—		460		(475)		97		307		404		15		419
EQUITY IN EARNINGS (LOSS) FROM UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES	362		—		96		—		458		—		458		(4,723)		(4,265)
SEGMENT LOSS/LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION	(543)		(672)		(13,791)		(8)		(15,014)		(8,306)		(23,320)		13,792		(9,528)
INCOME TAX PROVISION	—		—		—		—		—		(3)		(3)		—		(3)
SEGMENT LOSS/NET LOSS	$	(543)	$	(672)	$	(13,791)	$	(8)	$	(15,014)	$	(8,309)	$	(23,323)	$	13,792	$	(9,531)

(1) Represents the removal of the Great Park Venture and Gateway Commercial Venture operating results, which are included in the Great Park segment and Commercial segment operating results at 100% of each venture’s historical basis, respectively, but are not included in our consolidated results as we account for our investment in each venture using the equity method of accounting.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park		Commercial		Total reportable segments		Corporate and unallocated		Total under management		Removal of unconsolidated entities(1)		Total consolidated
REVENUES:
Land sales	$	60,685	$	—	$	363,056	$	—	$	423,741	$	—	$	423,741	$	(363,056)	$	60,685
Land sales—related party	595		—		9,416		—		10,011		—		10,011		(9,416)		595

Management services—related party(2)	—		—		29,191		321		29,512		—		29,512		—		29,512
Operating properties	1,692		489		—		6,329		8,510		—		8,510		(6,329)		2,181
Total revenues	62,972		489		401,663		6,650		471,774		—		471,774		(378,801)		92,973
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Land sales	38,967		—		165,749		—		204,716		—		204,716		(165,749)		38,967

Management services(2)	—		—		14,419		—		14,419		—		14,419		—		14,419
Operating properties	4,321		—		—		2,632		6,953		—		6,953		(2,632)		4,321
Selling, general, and administrative	8,580		3,275		7,432		3,250		22,537		26,545		49,082		(10,682)		38,400

Management fees—related party	—		—		36,507		—		36,507		—		36,507		(36,507)		—
Total costs and expenses	51,868		3,275		224,107		5,882		285,132		26,545		311,677		(215,570)		96,107
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

Interest income	—		9		5,172		25		5,206		4,533		9,739		(5,197)		4,542
Interest expense	—		—		—		(1,829)		(1,829)		—		(1,829)		1,829		—



Miscellaneous	1,033		—		—		—		1,033		—		1,033		—		1,033
Total other income (expense)	1,033		9		5,172		(1,804)		4,410		4,533		8,943		(3,368)		5,575
EQUITY IN EARNINGS FROM UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES	500		—		1,563		—		2,063		—		2,063		50,491		52,554
SEGMENT PROFIT (LOSS)/INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION	12,637		(2,777)		184,291		(1,036)		193,115		(22,012)		171,103		(116,108)		54,995
INCOME TAX PROVISION	—		—		—		—		—		(16)		(16)		—		(16)
SEGMENT PROFIT (LOSS)/NET INCOME	$	12,637	$	(2,777)	$	184,291	$	(1,036)	$	193,115	$	(22,028)	$	171,087	$	(116,108)	$	54,979

(1) Represents the removal of the Great Park Venture and Gateway Commercial Venture operating results, which are included in the Great Park segment and Commercial segment operating results at 100% of each venture’s historical basis, respectively, but are not included in our consolidated results as we account for our investment in each venture using the equity method of accounting.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Valencia		San Francisco		Great Park		Commercial		Total reportable segments		Corporate and unallocated		Total under management		Removal of unconsolidated entities(1)		Total consolidated
REVENUES:
Land sales	$	643	$	—	$	29,270	$	—	$	29,913	$	—	$	29,913	$	(29,270)	$	643
Land sales—related party	4,529		—		9,750		—		14,279		—		14,279		(9,750)		4,529
Home sales	—		—		40,475		—		40,475		—		40,475		(40,475)		—
Management services—related party(2)	—		—		18,046		312		18,358		—		18,358		—		18,358
Operating properties	1,637		528		—		6,248		8,413		—		8,413		(6,248)		2,165
Total revenues	6,809		528		97,541		6,560		111,438		—		111,438		(85,743)		25,695
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Land sales	—		—		15,118		—		15,118		—		15,118		(15,118)		—
Home sales	—		—		30,784		—		30,784		—		30,784		(30,784)		—
Management services(2)	—		—		12,372		—		12,372		—		12,372		—		12,372
Operating properties	5,797		—		—		1,823		7,620		—		7,620		(1,823)		5,797
Selling, general, and administrative	10,545		2,683		15,641		3,201		32,070		28,244		60,314		(18,842)		41,472
Restructuring	—		—		—		—		—		19,437		19,437		—		19,437
Management fees—related party	—		—		38,645		—		38,645		—		38,645		(38,645)		—
Total costs and expenses	16,342		2,683		112,560		5,024		136,609		47,681		184,290		(105,212)		79,078
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

Interest income	—		—		704		—		704		445		1,149		(704)		445
Interest expense	—		—		—		(1,006)		(1,006)		—		(1,006)		1,006		—

Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		(89)		(89)		—		(89)		89		—

Miscellaneous	336		—		—		—		336		—		336		—		336
Total other income (expense)	336		—		704		(1,095)		(55)		445		390		391		781
EQUITY IN EARNINGS (LOSS) FROM UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES	883		—		331		—		1,214		—		1,214		(5,868)		(4,654)
SEGMENT (LOSS) PROFIT/LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION	(8,314)		(2,155)		(13,984)		441		(24,012)		(47,236)		(71,248)		13,992		(57,256)
INCOME TAX PROVISION	—		—		—		—		—		(16)		(16)		—		(16)
SEGMENT (LOSS) PROFIT/NET LOSS	$	(8,314)	$	(2,155)	$	(13,984)	$	441	$	(24,012)	$	(47,252)	$	(71,264)	$	13,992	$	(57,272)

(1) Represents the removal of the Great Park Venture and Gateway Commercial Venture operating results, which are included in the Great Park segment and Commercial segment operating results at 100% of each venture’s historical basis, respectively, but are not included in our consolidated results as we account for our investment in each venture using the equity method of accounting.

Valencia Segment

Our Valencia property consists of approximately 15,000 acres in northern Los Angeles County and is designed to include approximately 21,500 homesites and approximately 11.5 million square feet of commercial space. The current communities under development in Valencia complement the neighboring communities that were previously developed by us, where approximately 20,000 households reside and approximately 60,000 people work. We began selling homesites in the first development area at Valencia in 2019.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Land sales and related party land sales revenues. Total land sales revenues increased by $57.8 million to $60.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in total land sales revenues was primarily attributable to the recognition of revenue from the sale of land entitled for an aggregate of 146 homesites on approximately 26 acres during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to no land sales during the same period in 2022. The fixed base purchase price was $60.6 million for the 2023 sales.

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Cost of land sales. Cost of land sales during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $39.0 million, compared to no cost of land sales during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The cost of land sales includes both actual and estimated future capitalized costs allocated based upon relative sales values. Since this method requires us to estimate future development costs and the expected sales prices for future land sales, the profit margin on subsequent parcels sold will be affected by both changes in the estimated total revenues, as well as any changes in the estimated total cost of the project.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Land sales and related party land sales revenues. Total land sales revenues increased by $56.1 million to $61.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in total land sales revenues was primarily attributable to the recognition of revenue from the sale of land entitled for an aggregate of 146 homesites on approximately 26 acres during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to no land sales during the same period in 2022. The fixed base purchase price was $60.6 million for the 2023 sales.

Cost of land sales. Cost of land sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $39.0 million, compared to no cost of land sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The cost of land sales includes both actual and estimated future capitalized costs allocated based upon relative sales values. Since this method requires us to estimate future development costs and the expected sales prices for future land sales, the profit margin on subsequent parcels sold will be affected by both changes in the estimated total revenues, as well as any changes in the estimated total cost of the project.

Selling, general, and administrative. Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $2.0 million, or 18.6%, to $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $10.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease in community related selling and marketing expenses.

San Francisco Segment

Located almost equidistant between downtown San Francisco and the San Francisco International Airport, Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard consist of approximately 800 acres of bayfront property in the City of San Francisco. Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard are designed to include approximately 12,000 homesites and approximately 6.3 million square feet of commercial space.

In October 2019, we received approval from the City of San Francisco on a revised development plan for the first phase of Candlestick that is currently planned to include approximately 750,000 square feet of office space, 1,600 homes, and 300,000 square feet of lifestyle amenities centered around retail and entertainment. As currently planned, Candlestick ultimately is expected to include approximately 7,000 homes.

Our development at Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard is not subject to San Francisco’s Proposition M growth control measure, which imposes annual limitations on office development and is applicable to all other developers with projects in the city. This means the full amount of permitted commercial square footage at Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard can be constructed as we determine, including all at once, even though Proposition M may delay new office developments elsewhere in San Francisco. In 2018, our disposition and development agreement with the City of San Francisco was amended to increase the total amount of commercial use at Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard by over two million square feet and to increase our total commercial space to approximately 6.3 million square feet.

At The San Francisco Shipyard, approximately 408 acres are still owned by the U.S. Navy and will not be conveyed to us until the U.S. Navy satisfactorily completes its finding of suitability to transfer, or “FOST,” process, which involves multiple levels of environmental and governmental investigation, analysis, review, comment and approval. Based on our discussions with the U.S. Navy, we had previously expected the U.S. Navy to deliver this property between 2019 and 2022. However, allegations that Tetra Tech, Inc. and Tetra Tech EC, Inc. (collectively, “Tetra Tech”), contractors hired by the U.S. Navy, misrepresented sampling results at The San Francisco Shipyard have resulted in data reevaluation, governmental investigations, criminal proceedings, lawsuits, and a determination by the U.S. Navy and other regulatory agencies to undertake additional sampling. As part of the 2018 Congressional spending bill, the U.S. Department of Defense allocated $36.0 million to help fund resampling efforts at The San Francisco Shipyard. An additional $60.4 million to fund resampling efforts was approved as part of a 2019 military construction spending bill. These activities have delayed the remaining land transfers from the U.S. Navy and could lead to additional legal claims or government investigations, all of which could in turn further delay or impede our future development of such parcels. Our development plans were designed with the flexibility to adjust for potential land transfer delays, and we have the ability to shift the phasing of our development activities to account for potential delays caused by U.S. Navy retesting, but there can be no assurance that these matters and other related matters that may arise in the future will not materially impact our development plans.

We have been, and may in the future be, named as a defendant in lawsuits seeking damages and other relief arising out of alleged contamination at The San Francisco Shipyard and Tetra Tech’s alleged misrepresentations of related sampling work. See Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report.

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Great Park Segment

We have a 37.5% percentage interest in the Great Park Venture, and we account for our investment using the equity method of accounting. We have a controlling interest in the management company, an entity which performs development management services at Great Park Neighborhoods. We do not include the Great Park Venture as a consolidated subsidiary in our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, because of the relationship between the management company and the Great Park Venture, we assess our investment in the Great Park Venture based on the financial information for the Great Park Venture in its entirety, and not just our equity interest in it. As a result, our Great Park segment consists of the operations of both the Great Park Venture and the development management services provided by the management company at the Great Park Venture.

Great Park Neighborhoods consists of approximately 2,100 acres in Orange County and is being built around the approximately 1,300 acre Orange County Great Park, a metropolitan public park that is under construction. Great Park Neighborhoods is designed to include approximately 10,500 homesites and approximately 4.9 million square feet of commercial space.

Interests in the Great Park Venture are either “percentage interests” or “legacy interests.” Holders of the legacy interests were entitled to receive priority distributions in an aggregate amount equal to $476.0 million and up to an additional $89.0 million from participation in subsequent distributions. The holders of percentage interests are entitled to all other distributions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Great Park Venture made aggregate distributions of $25.5 million to holders of legacy interests and $218.0 million to holders of percentage interests. We received $81.8 million for our 37.5% percentage interest. As of December 31, 2021, the Great Park Venture had fully satisfied the $476.0 million priority distribution rights, and the remaining maximum participating legacy interest distribution rights at September 30, 2023 were $40.7 million. The remaining $40.7 million legacy interest will be paid on a pro-rata basis, with approximately 10% of future distributions paid to the holders of legacy interests and approximately 90% of such distributions paid to the holders of the percentage interests, until such time as the remaining balance has been fully paid.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Land sales and related party land sales revenues. Land sales and related party land sales revenues decreased to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $35.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the recognition of revenue from the sale of land at the Great Park Neighborhoods entitled for an aggregate of 61 homesites on approximately three acres during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to no land sales during the same period in 2023. The base purchase price was $23.9 million for the 2022 land sales. The Great Park Venture also recognized $0.6 million in the transaction price as an estimate of the amount of variable consideration from marketing fees that it expects to be entitled to receive.

Cost of land sales. The Great Park Venture had no cost of land sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $15.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The cost of land sales includes both actual and estimated future capitalized costs allocated based upon relative sales values. Since this method requires the Great Park Venture to estimate future development costs and the expected sales prices for future land sales, the profit margin on subsequent parcels sold will be affected by both changes in the estimated total revenues, as well as any changes in the estimated total cost of the project.

Management fee revenues. Management fee revenues are revenues generated by the management company from development management services provided to the Great Park Venture. The decrease in management services related party revenue was mainly attributable to a decrease in variable incentive compensation revenue recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $1.4 million and $9.0 million, respectively, attributable to variable incentive compensation, mostly as a result of changes in estimates of the amount of variable incentive compensation we expect to receive.

Management services costs and expenses. Included within management services costs and expenses are general and administrative costs and expenses incurred by the management company’s project team that is managing the development of the Great Park Neighborhoods. We also include amortization expense related to the intangible asset attributable to the incentive compensation provisions of the development management agreement with the Great Park Venture within management services costs and expenses. Corporate and non-project team salaries and overhead are not allocated to management services costs and expenses or to our reportable segments and are reported in selling, general, and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Management services costs and expenses decreased by $5.1 million, or 68.3%, to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease in intangible asset amortization expense recognized and a decrease in employee related project team expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Selling, general, and administrative. Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $1.4 million, or 37.4%, to $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The lower expense during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was mainly attributable to a decrease in property maintenance expenses.

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Management fees—related party. Management fees decreased by $30.6 million to $4.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $35.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Management fees incurred by the Great Park Venture are comprised of base development management fees and incentive compensation fees. In general, incentive compensation fees will be paid based on a percentage of distributions made to holders of the Great Park Venture’s membership interests. When payments are deemed probable of being made, the Great Park Venture recognizes the expense ratably over the period services are expected to be provided. When estimates of the amount of incentive compensation probable of being paid change, the Great Park Venture records a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the estimate changes. The decrease in management fees—related party was mainly attributable to a change in the estimate of the amount of incentive compensation fees probable of being paid that resulted in a cumulative adjustment recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Land sales and related party land sales revenues. Land sales and related party land sales revenues increased to $372.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $39.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to the recognition of revenue from the sale of land at the Great Park Neighborhoods entitled for an aggregate of 798 homesites on approximately 84 acres during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the recognition of revenue from the sale of land entitled for an aggregate of 61 homesites on approximately three acres during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Revenue recognized of $357.8 million on the 2023 land sale consists of $214.7 million paid at closing, plus $143.1 million in estimated variable consideration from future price participation payments expected to be received when homes are sold to homebuyers. The 798 homesites were sold to an unaffiliated land banking entity whereby a related party retained the option to acquire the homesites in the future from the land bank entity. The base purchase price was $23.9 million for the 2022 land sales. The Great Park Venture also recognized $0.6 million in the transaction price as an estimate of the amount of variable consideration from marketing fees that it expects to be entitled to receive.

Cost of land sales. Cost of land sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $165.7 million, compared to $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The cost of land sales includes both actual and estimated future capitalized costs allocated based upon relative sales values. Since this method requires the Great Park Venture to estimate future development costs and the expected sales prices for future land sales, the profit margin on subsequent parcels sold will be affected by both changes in the estimated total revenues, as well as any changes in the estimated total cost of the project.

Home sale revenues. The Great Park Venture had a fee build agreement with an unrelated third party fee builder that the Great Park Venture contracted to build and act as a sales agent for 38 homesites within the Great Park Neighborhoods. The fee builder initially incurred all costs to build, market and sell the residential homes, and the Great Park Venture reimbursed the fee builder as construction progressed and paid the fee builder certain fees during the construction phase of the homes and when homes were sold to homebuyers. All homes subject to the fee build agreement had been sold and closed escrow as of September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Great Park Venture closed the sales of 22 homes to homebuyers generating $40.5 million in home sale revenues.

Cost of home sales. Cost of home sales includes an allocation of land basis for each home sold in addition to home construction costs the Great Park Venture reimbursed to the fee builder and fees paid to the fee builder for the services provided. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Great Park Venture recognized $30.8 million in cost of home sales.

Management fee revenues. Management fee revenues are revenues generated by the management company from development management services provided to the Great Park Venture. The increase in management services related party revenue was mainly attributable to an increase in variable incentive compensation revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $20.2 million and $9.0 million, respectively, attributable to variable incentive compensation, mostly as a result of changes in estimates of the amount of variable incentive compensation we expect to receive.

Management services costs and expenses. Included within management services costs and expenses are general and administrative costs and expenses incurred by the management company’s project team that is managing the development of the Great Park Neighborhoods. We also include amortization expense related to the intangible asset attributable to the incentive compensation provisions of the development management agreement with the Great Park Venture within management services costs and expenses. Corporate and non-project team salaries and overhead are not allocated to management services costs and expenses or to our reportable segments and are reported in selling, general, and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Management services costs and expenses increased by $2.0 million, or 16.5%, to $14.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was mainly attributable to an increase in intangible asset amortization expense recognized, offset by a decrease in employee related project team expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Selling, general, and administrative. Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $8.2 million, or 52.5%, to $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $15.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The lower expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was mainly attributable to a decrease in marketing expenses and property maintenance expenses and the elimination of the variable cost reimbursement component under the development management agreement that became effective in the second quarter of 2022. In 2022, project team and certain other administrative costs that were reimbursed to the management company were included in selling, general and administrative costs.

Management fees—related party. Management fees decreased by $2.1 million to $36.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $38.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Management fees incurred by the Great Park Venture are comprised of base development management fees and incentive compensation fees. In general, incentive compensation fees will be paid based on a percentage of distributions made to holders of the Great Park Venture’s membership interests. When payments are deemed probable of being made, the Great Park Venture recognizes the expense ratably over the period services are expected to be provided. When estimates of the amount of incentive compensation probable of being paid change, the Great Park Venture records a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the estimate changes.

The table below reconciles the Great Park segment results to the equity in (loss) earnings from our investment in the Great Park Venture that is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Segment profit (loss) from operations	$	640	$	(13,791)	$	184,291	$	(13,984)
Less net income of management company attributed to the Great Park segment	2,021		4,512		14,772		5,674
Net (loss) income of the Great Park Venture	(1,381)		(18,303)		169,519		(19,658)
The Company’s share of net (loss) income of the Great Park Venture	(518)		(6,864)		63,570		(7,372)
Basis difference accretion (amortization), net	106		2,324		(10,498)		1,738

Equity in (loss) earnings from the Great Park Venture	$	(412)	$	(4,540)	$	53,072	$	(5,634)

Commercial Segment

We have a 75% interest in the Gateway Commercial Venture that is held through a wholly owned subsidiary of the operating company, and we serve as the manager of the Gateway Commercial Venture. However, the manager’s authority is limited. Major decisions by the Gateway Commercial Venture generally require unanimous approval by an executive committee composed of two people designated by us and two people designated by another investor. Some decisions require approval by all of the members of the Gateway Commercial Venture. We do not include the Gateway Commercial Venture as a consolidated subsidiary in our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, as a result of our 75% economic interest and our role as manager, we assess our investment in the Gateway Commercial Venture based on the financial information of the Gateway Commercial Venture in its entirety, and we include the Gateway Commercial Venture’s financial results within the Commercial segment. Additionally, the management company has been engaged by the Gateway Commercial Venture to provide property management services to the Five Point Gateway Campus. We include the management company’s results of operations related to these property management services within the Commercial segment.

The Five Point Gateway Campus is a commercial campus consisting of approximately 73 acres of land in the Great Park Neighborhoods acquired by the Gateway Commercial Venture in 2017. The Five Point Gateway Campus currently includes approximately one million square feet planned for research and development, medical and office space in four buildings. In 2020, the Gateway Commercial Venture sold three of the buildings and approximately 11 acres of land at the campus. Our corporate headquarters are located in the fourth building, which remains owned by the Gateway Commercial Venture. In addition to the fourth building, the Gateway Commercial Venture owns approximately 50 acres of commercial land with additional development rights at the campus.

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The table below reconciles the Commercial segment results to the equity in (loss) earnings from our investment in the Gateway Commercial Venture that is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Segment (loss) profit from operations	$	(358)	$	(8)	$	(1,036)	$	441
Less net income of management company attributed to the Commercial segment	110		108		321		312
Net (loss) income of the Gateway Commercial Venture	(468)		(116)		(1,357)		129
Equity in (loss) earnings from the Gateway Commercial Venture	$	(351)	$	(87)	$	(1,018)	$	97

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2023, we had $218.3 million of consolidated cash and cash equivalents, compared to $131.8 million at December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, no funds had been drawn on and no letters of credit were outstanding on the operating company’s $125.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility.

Our short-term cash needs consist primarily of general and administrative expenses and development expenditures at Valencia and the Candlestick and The San Francisco Shipyard communities, interest payments under our senior notes and payments under a related party reimbursement obligation. Reimbursement payments may be deferred when our related party receives an extension on the maturity date of the associated EB-5 loan liability. Through the third quarter of 2023, approximately $23.7 million in related party reimbursement obligations that were previously expected to be paid in 2023 have been deferred to 2024. Our related party has a history of receiving maturity date extensions, however, such further extensions are not within our control and there can be no assurance that any such extensions will be obtained in the future.

The development stages of our communities continue to require significant cash outlays on both a short-term and long-term basis, and we expect to invest significant amounts on continued horizontal development at Valencia over the next 12 months. We manage our development activities and expenditures to coincide with projected demand for homesites by our guest builders with the objective of maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity. We expect to meet our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months with available cash, distributions from our unconsolidated entities, collection of management fees under our development management agreement with the Great Park Venture, proceeds from land sales, reimbursements from public financing in Valencia and access to financing sources, including our revolving credit facility.

Our long-term cash needs relate primarily to future horizontal development expenditures and investments in or vertical construction costs for properties that we may acquire or develop for our income-producing portfolio, along with debt service and general and administrative expenses. We budget our cash development costs on an annual basis. Budgeted amounts are subject to change due to delays or accelerations in construction or regulatory approvals, changes in inflation rates and other increases (or decreases) in costs. We may also modify our development plans or change the sequencing of our communities in response to changing economic conditions, consumer preferences and other factors, which could have a material impact on the timing and amount of our development costs. Budgeted amounts are expected to be funded through a combination of available cash, cash flows from our communities and reimbursements from public financing, including community facilities districts, tax increment financing and local, state and federal grants. Cash flows from our communities may occur in uneven patterns as cash is primarily generated by land sales and reimbursements, which can occur at various points over the life cycle of our communities.

We currently expect to have sufficient capital to fund the horizontal development of our communities in accordance with our development plan for several years. The level of capital expenditures in any given year may vary due to, among other things, the number of communities or neighborhoods under development and the number of planned deliveries, which may vary based on market conditions. We may seek to raise additional capital by accessing the debt or equity capital markets or with one or more revolving or term loan facilities or other public or private financing alternatives.

We are currently evaluating various alternatives available to us with respect to addressing our senior notes that mature in November 2025. In an effort to reduce future cash interest payments as well as future amounts due at maturity or to extend debt maturities, we may purchase, redeem, prepay, refinance, amend, exchange, extend, or otherwise retire any amount of our outstanding indebtedness at any time and from time to time, in open market or privately negotiated transactions with the holders of such indebtedness or otherwise. We may pursue any such transactions as we consider appropriate in light of market conditions and other relevant factors.

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We are committed under various performance bonds and letters of credit (“LOCs”) to perform certain development activities and provide certain guarantees in the normal course of the entitlement and development process.

We had outstanding performance bonds of $307.2 million as of September 30, 2023 predominantly related to our Valencia community.

At September 30, 2023, the San Francisco Venture had outstanding guarantees benefiting a municipal agency for infrastructure and construction of certain park and open space obligations with aggregate maximum obligations of $198.3 million.

Outstanding LOCs totaled $1.0 million at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $1.0 million in restricted cash and certificates of deposit securing certain of our LOCs. Additionally, under our revolving credit facility, we are able to utilize undrawn capacity to support the issuance of LOCs. As of September 30, 2023, no capacity under the revolving credit facility was used to support LOCs.

We are a party to a tax receivable agreement (“TRA”) with current and former holders of Class A units of the operating company and the holders of Class A units of the San Francisco Venture. The TRA provides for payments by us to such investors or their successors in aggregate amounts equal to 85% of the cash savings, if any, in income tax that we realize as a result of certain tax attributes. We expect the TRA payments to be substantial. However, the actual amount and timing of any payments under the TRA will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges of Class A units of the operating company, the price of our Class A common shares at the time of such exchanges, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and our ability to use the potential tax benefits, which will depend on the amount and timing of our taxable income and the rate at which we pay income tax. As of September 30, 2023, there were no amounts currently payable under the TRA and based on current projections, we do not expect to make any payments for the next several years.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table outlines the primary components of net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating activities	$	65,064	$	(175,023)
Investing activities	29,946		2,307
Financing activities	(8,517)		(6,367)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $65.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $175.0 million net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we received $60.6 million from the sale of land at our Valencia segment. We also received incentive compensation payments of $22.0 million under our development management agreement with the Great Park Venture. The payment is net of $2.6 million that we concurrently distributed to the holders of the management company's Class B units. Additionally, we received total distributions of $81.8 million from the Great Park Venture, of which $52.7 million is reflected as a return on our investment (operating activity) in the statement of cash flows with the balance reflected as an investing activity.

Major components of operating cash used in both periods consist of our continued investment in horizontal development at our communities, selling, general, and administrative costs and the payment of $24.6 million in each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for interest due on our senior notes. Our horizontal development costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were offset by $17.7 million in public financing reimbursements for public infrastructure development costs we incurred in Valencia and a nonrecurring $44.5 million recovery from a third party related to certain project development costs in Valencia.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities. Net cash provided by investing activities was $29.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $2.3 million net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we received total distributions of $81.8 million from the Great Park Venture, of which $29.0 million is reflected as a return of our investment (investing activity) in the statement of cash flows with the balance reflected as an operating activity. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we received a distribution of $0.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively, from the Valencia Landbank Venture, which is reflected as a return of our investment (investing activity) in the statement of cash flows.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $6.4 million net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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We used $0.2 million and $2.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to net settle share-based compensation awards with employees for tax withholding purposes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, in accordance with the operating company's limited partnership agreement, we made noncontrolling interest tax distributions of $4.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. We also made payments of $4.3 million and $3.2 million to reduce our related party reimbursement obligation during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Changes in Capital Structure

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our ownership percentage in the operating company increased to 62.6%, primarily due to our issuance of shared-based compensation in the form of 0.2 million restricted Class A common shares, partially offset by our reacquisition of approximately 0.1 million restricted Class A common shares from employees for income tax withholding purposes upon vesting. The issuances and settlements resulted in the operating company issuing to us an equal number of Class A units of the operating company or retiring an equal number of Class A units of the operating company that we previously held.

The table below summarizes outstanding Class A units of the operating company and Class A units of the San Francisco Venture (redeemable on a one-for-one basis for Class A units of the operating company) held by us and held by noncontrolling interest members at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.


	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Class A units of the operating company:
Held by us	69,199,938	69,068,354
Held by noncontrolling interest members	41,363,271	41,363,271
	110,563,209	110,431,625
Class A units of the San Francisco Venture held by noncontrolling interest members	37,870,273	37,870,273
	148,433,482	148,301,898

At September 30, 2023, we had 79,233,544 Class B common shares outstanding that were held by the noncontrolling interest members of the operating company and the Class A unitholders of the San Francisco Venture. The Class B common shares will automatically convert to Class A common shares at a ratio of 0.0003 Class A common shares for each Class B common share. The conversions will occur when the holders of Class A units of the operating company, including Class A units that have been issued upon redemption of Class A units of the San Francisco Venture, are redeemed at our election for our Class A common shares or cash.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to those disclosed in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which is presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Our future earnings, cash flows and fair values relative to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Our primary market risk results from our indebtedness, which bears interest at fixed rates. Although we do not currently do so, we may in the future manage our market risk on floating rate debt by entering into swap arrangements to in effect fix the rate on all or a portion of the debt for varying periods up to maturity. This would, in turn, reduce the risks of variability of cash flows created by floating rate debt and mitigate the risk of increases in interest rates. Our objective when undertaking such arrangements would be to reduce our floating rate exposure, as we do not plan to enter into hedging arrangements for speculative purposes.

As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding consolidated net indebtedness of $621.8 million, none of which bears interest based on floating interest rates.

We have not entered into any transactions using derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the supervision and participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer (the “Certifying Officers”), has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Certifying Officers and our Board of Directors, as

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appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, the Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

For disclosures of legal proceedings, see Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable

ITEM 5. Other Information

None

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ITEM 6. Exhibits


Exhibit			Exhibit Description

10.1*			First Amendment to Limited Liability Company Agreement of Five Point Office Venture Holdings I, LLC, dated as of August 17, 202 3 , by and among FPOVHI Member, LLC, Irvine Office Member, L.L.C., and LNR BC, LLC.

10.2			Fifth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2023, by and among Five Point Operating Company, LP, Zions Bancorporation, N.A. dba California Bank & Trust, as administrative agent and as a lender, and Comerica Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., as lenders (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2023 is incorporated herein by this reference).

31.1*			Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*			Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*			Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*			Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS			Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			FIVE POINT HOLDINGS, LLC

			By:			/s/ Daniel Hedigan
						Daniel Hedigan
						Chief Executive Officer
						(Principal Executive Officer)


			By:			/s/ Kim Tobler
						Kim Tobler
						Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Vice President
						(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: October 20, 2023

Five Point Holdings - 10-Q quarterly report FY2023 Q3

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