UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012
OR
For the transition period from: to
Commission File Number: 01-33901
Fifth Street Finance Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
10 Bank Street, 12th Floor,
White Plains, NY
REGISTRANT’S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE:
(914) 286-6800
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
Title of Each Class
Name of Each Exchange
on Which Registered
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods as the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES ¨ NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act) YES ¨ NO þ
The registrant had 82,420,903 shares of common stock outstanding as of May 8, 2012.
FIFTH STREET FINANCE CORP.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited):
Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011
Consolidated Schedule of Investments as of March 31, 2012
Consolidated Schedule of Investments as of September 30, 2011
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Controls and Procedures
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Legal Proceedings
Risk Factors
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Exhibits
Signatures
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Investments at fair value:
Control investments (cost March 31, 2012: $15,331; cost September 30, 2011: $13,726)
Affiliate investments (cost March 31, 2012: $21,126; cost September 30, 2011: $34,182)
Non-control/Non-affiliate investments (cost March 31, 2012: $1,042,240; cost September 30, 2011: $1,108,174)
Total investments at fair value (cost March 31, 2012: $1,078,697; cost September 30, 2011: $1,156,082)
Cash and cash equivalents
Interest and fees receivable
Due from portfolio company
Deferred financing costs
Collateral posted to bank and other assets
Total assets
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
Base management fee payable
Incentive fee payable
Due to FSC, Inc.
Interest payable
Payments received in advance from portfolio companies
Offering costs payable
Credit facilities payable
SBA debentures payable
Convertible senior notes payable
Total liabilities
Net assets:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000 shares authorized, 82,421 and 72,376 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011
Additional paid-in-capital
Net unrealized depreciation on investments and interest rate swap
Net realized loss on investments and interest rate swap
Accumulated overdistributed net investment income
Total net assets (equivalent to $9.87 and $10.07 per common share at March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011) (Note 12)
Total liabilities and net assets
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
1
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Interest income:
Control investments
Affiliate investments
Non-control/Non-affiliate investments
Interest on cash and cash equivalents
Total interest income
PIK interest income:
Total PIK interest income
Fee income:
Total fee income
Dividend and other income:
Total dividend and other income
Total investment income
Expenses:
Base management fee
Incentive fee
Professional fees
Board of Directors fees
Interest expense
Administrator expense
General and administrative expenses
Total expenses
Gain on extinguishment of convertible senior notes
Net investment income
Unrealized appreciation on interest rate swap
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments:
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments
Realized loss on investments:
Net realized loss on investments
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
Net investment income per common share — basic
Earnings per common share — basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic
Net investment income per common share — diluted
Earnings per common share — diluted
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted
2
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets
Operations:
Net unrealized appreciation on investments and interest rate swap
Net increase in net assets from operations
Stockholder transactions:
Distributions to stockholders
Net decrease in net assets from stockholder transactions
Capital share transactions:
Issuance of common stock, net
Issuance of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan
Net increase in net assets from capital share transactions
Total increase in net assets
Net assets at beginning of period
Net assets at end of period
Net asset value per common share
Common shares outstanding at end of period
3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net increase in net assets resulting from operations to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Net realized losses on investments and interest rate swap
PIK interest income
Recognition of fee income
Accretion of original issue discount on investments
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Fee income received
Increase in interest and fees receivable
(Increase) decrease in due from portfolio company
Decrease in collateral posted to bank and other assets
Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
Increase (decrease) in base management fee payable
Increase in incentive fee payable
Decrease in due to FSC, Inc.
Increase (decrease) in interest payable
Decrease in payments received in advance from portfolio companies
Purchases of investments and net revolver activity, net of syndications
Principal payments received on investments (scheduled payments)
Principal payments received on investments (payoffs)
PIK interest income received in cash
Proceeds from the sale of investments
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid in cash
Borrowings under SBA debentures payable
Borrowings under credit facilities
Repayments of borrowings under credit facilities
Repurchases of convertible senior notes
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock
Deferred financing costs paid
Offering costs paid
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
Supplemental Information:
Cash paid for interest
Non-cash financing activities:
Issuance of shares of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan
4
Consolidated Schedule of Investments
March 31, 2012
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company/Type of Investment(1)(2)(5)
Industry
Control Investments(3)
Lighting By Gregory, LLC(9)(13)(14)
First Lien Term Loan A, 9.75% PIK due 2/28/2013
First Lien Bridge Loan, 8% PIK due 3/31/2012(17)
97.38% membership interest
Coll Materials Group LLC(19)
Second Lien Term Loan, 12% cash due 11/1/2014
50% Membership interest in CD Holdco, LLC
Total Control Investments (2.1% of net assets)
Affiliate Investments(4)
Caregiver Services, Inc.
Second Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+6.85% (5.15% floor) cash due 2/25/2013
Second Lien Term Loan B, 12.5% cash 4% PIK due 2/25/2013
1,080,399 shares of Series A Preferred Stock
Total Affiliate Investments (2.7% of net assets)
Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments(7)
Repechage Investments Limited(13)(14)
First Lien Term Loan, 12.75% cash 2.75% PIK due 10/16/2011(16)
7,500 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Elephant & Castle, Inc.
Traffic Control & Safety Corporation(9)(14)
Senior Term Loan A, LIBOR+9.0% cash due 6/29/2012
Senior Revolver, LIBOR+9.0% cash due 6/29/2012
Second Lien Term Loan, 12% cash 3% PIK due 5/28/2015(13)
Subordinated Loan, 15% PIK due 5/28/2015(13)
24,750 shares of Series B Preferred Stock
43,494 shares of Series D Preferred Stock
25,000 shares of Common Stock
TBA Global, LLC
53,994 Senior Preferred Shares
191,977 Shares A Shares
Fitness Edge, LLC
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+5.25% (4.75% floor), cash due 7/31/2012
First Lien Term Loan B, 12% cash 2.5% PIK due 7/31/2012
1,000 Common Units
Capital Equipment Group, Inc.(9)
Second Lien Term Loan, 12% cash 2.75% PIK due 7/10/2013
33,463 shares of Common Stock
Rail Acquisition Corp.(14)
First Lien Term Loan, 12% PIK due 9/1/2013
First Lien Revolver, 7.85% cash due 9/1/2013
5
Western Emulsions, Inc.
Second Lien Term Loan, 12.5% cash 2.5% PIK due 6/30/2014
Storyteller Theaters Corporation
1,692 shares of Common Stock
20,000 shares of Preferred Stock
HealthDrive Corporation
First Lien Term Loan A, 10% cash due 7/17/2013
First Lien Term Loan B, 12% cash 1% PIK due 7/17/2013
First Lien Revolver, 12% cash due 7/17/2013
idX Corporation
Second Lien Term Loan, 12.5% cash 2% PIK due 7/1/2014
Cenegenics, LLC
414,419 Common Units(6)
Trans-Trade, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, 13% cash 2.5% PIK due 9/10/2014
First Lien Term Loan B, 12% cash due 9/10/2014
Riverlake Equity Partners II, LP
1.89% limited partnership interest(15)
Riverside Fund IV, LP
0.33% limited partnership interest(6)(15)
Ambath/Rebath Holdings, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7% (3% floor) cash due 12/30/2014
First Lien Term Loan B, 12.5% cash 2.5% PIK due 12/30/2014
First Lien Term Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (3% floor) cash due12/30/2014(10)
JTC Education, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+9.5% (3% floor) cash due 12/31/2014
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+9.5% (3.25% floor) cash due 12/31/2014
17,391 Shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock
17,391 Shares of Common Stock
Tegra Medical, LLC(9)
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7% (3% floor) cash due 12/31/2014
First Lien Term Loan B, 12% cash 2% PIK due 12/31/2014
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7% (3% floor) cash due 12/31/2014
Psilos Group Partners IV, LP
2.52% limited partnership interest(12)(15)
6
Mansell Group, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7% (3% floor) cash due 4/30/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+9% (3% floor) cash 1.5% PIK due 4/30/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6% (3% floor) cash due 4/30/2015(11)
NDSSI Holdings, LLC(9)
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+9.75% (3% floor) cash 1% PIK due 12/31/2012
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+9.75% (3% floor) cash 3.75% PIK due 12/31/2012
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7% (3% floor) cash due 12/31/2012
2,000 Series D Preferred Units
Eagle Hospital Physicians, Inc.(9)
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+8.75% (3% floor) cash due 8/11/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+5.75% (3% floor) cash due 8/11/2015
Enhanced Recovery Company, LLC
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7% (2% floor) cash due 8/13/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+10% (2% floor) cash 1% PIK due 8/13/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7% (2% floor) cash due 8/13/2015(11)
Specialty Bakers LLC
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+8.5% cash due 9/15/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+11% (2.5% floor) cash due 9/15/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+8.5% cash due 9/15/2015(11)
Welocalize, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+8% (2% floor) cash due 11/19/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+9% (2% floor) cash 1.25% PIK due 11/19/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7% (2% floor) cash due 11/19/2015(11)
2,086,163 Common Units in RPWL Holdings, LLC
Miche Bag, LLC
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+9% (3% floor) cash due 12/7/2013
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+10% (3% floor) cash 3% PIK due 12/7/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7% (3% floor) cash due 12/7/2015
10,371 Preferred Equity units in Miche Holdings, LLC
146,289 Series D Common Equity units in Miche Holdings, LLC
Bunker Hill Capital II (QP), LP
0.50% limited partnership interest(15)
Advanced Pain Management
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+5% (1.75% floor) cash due 12/22/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+5% (1.75% floor) cash due 12/22/2015(11)
7
DISA, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7.5% (0.75% floor) cash due 12/30/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+10% (1% floor) cash 1.5% PIK due 12/30/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6% (1% floor) cash due 12/30/2015(11)
Saddleback Fence and Vinyl Products, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, 8% cash due 11/30/2013
First Lien Revolver, 8% cash due 11/30/2013
Best Vinyl Fence & Deck, LLC
First Lien Term Loan B, 8% PIK due 6/30/2012
Physicians Pharmacy Alliance, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+9% cash 1.5% PIK due 1/4/2016
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6% cash due 1/4/2016(11)
Cardon Healthcare Network, LLC(9)
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+10% (1.75% floor) cash due 1/24/2017
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+9% (1.75% floor) cash due 1/24/2017
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (1.75% floor) cash due 1/24/2017(11)
65,903 Class A Units
U.S. Retirement Partners, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+9.5% (2% floor) cash due 1/6/2016
Phoenix Brands Merger Sub LLC(9)
Senior Term Loan, LIBOR+5% (1.5% floor) cash due 1/31/2016
Subordinated Term Loan, 10% cash 3.875% PIK due 2/1/2017
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+5% (1.5% floor) cash due 1/31/2016
U.S. Collections, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+5.25% (1.75% floor) cash due 3/31/2016
CCCG, LLC(9)
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+8% (1.75% floor) cash 1% PIK due 7/29/2015
Maverick Healthcare Group, LLC
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+9% (1.75% floor) cash due 12/31/2016
Refac Optical Group
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7.5% cash due 3/23/2016
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+8.5% cash 1.75% PIK due 3/23/2016
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7.5% cash due 3/23/2016(11)
1,000 Shares of Common Stock in Refac Holdings, Inc.
1,000 Shares of Preferred Stock in Refac Holdings, Inc.
8
Pacific Architects & Engineers, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+5% (1.5% floor) cash due 4/4/2017
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+6% (1.5% floor) cash due 4/4/2017
Securus Technologies, Inc.
Second Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+8.25% (1.75% floor) cash due 5/31/2018
Gundle/SLT Environmental, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+5.5% (1.5% floor) cash due 5/27/2016
Titan Fitness, LLC
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+8.75 (1.25% floor) cash due 6/30/2016
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+10.75% (1.25% floor) cash 1.5% PIK due 6/30/2016
First Lien Term Loan C, 18% PIK due 6/30/2016
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+8.75% (1.25% floor) cash due 6/30/2016(11)
Baird Capital Partners V, LP
0.4% limited partnership interest(15)
Charter Brokerage, LLC
Senior Term Loan, LIBOR+6.5% (1.5% floor) cash due 7/13/2016
Mezzanine Term Loan, 11.75% cash 2% PIK due 7/13/2017
Senior Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (1.5% floor) cash due 7/13/2016(11)
Stackpole Powertrain International ULC(15)
Subordinated Term Loan, 12% cash 2% PIK due 8/1/2018
Discovery Practice Management, Inc.
Senior Term Loan A, LIBOR+7.5% cash due 8/8/2016
Senior Term Loan B, 12% cash 3% PIK due 8/8/2016
Senior Revolver, LIBOR+7% cash due 8/8/2016(11)
CTM Group, Inc.
Mezzanine Term Loan A, 11% cash 2% PIK due 2/10/2017
Mezzanine Term Loan B, 18.4% PIK due 2/10/2017
Bojangles
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6.5% (1.5% floor) cash due 8/17/2017
Milestone Partners IV, LP
3.07% limited partnership interest(15)
Insight Pharmaceuticals, LLC
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6% (1.5% floor) cash due 8/25/2016
Second Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+11.75% (1.5% floor) cash due 8/25/2017
9
National Spine and Pain Centers, LLC
Mezzanine Term Loan, 11% cash 1.6% PIK due 9/27/2017
299,292.94 Class A Units(6)
RCPDirect, LP.
0.91% limited partnership interest(15)
The MedTech Group, Inc.
Senior Term Loan, LIBOR+5.5% (1.5% floor) cash due 9/7/2016
Digi-Star Acquisition Holdings, Inc.
Mezzanine Term Loan, 12% cash 1.5% PIK due 11/18/2017
225 Class A Preferred Units
2,500 Class A Common Units
CPASS Acquisition Company
Senior Term Loan, LIBOR+9% (1.5% floor) cash 1% PIK due 11/21/2016
Senior Revolver, LIBOR+9% (1.5% floor) cash due 11/21/2016(11)
Genoa Healthcare Holdings, LLC
Mezzanine Term Loan, 12% cash 2% PIK due 6/1/2017
500,000 Preferred units
500,000 Class A Common Units
SolutionSet, Inc.
Senior Term Loan, LIBOR+6% (1% floor) cash due 12/21/2016
Slate Pharmaceuticals Acquisition Corp.
Subordinated Term Loan, 12% cash 1.5% PIK due 12/29/2017
ACON Equity Partners III, LP
0.31% limited partnership interest(12)(15)
Blue Coat Systems, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6% (1.5% floor) cash due 2/15/2018
Second Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+10% (1.5% floor) cash due 8/15/2018
CRGT, Inc.(18)
Mezzanine Term Loan, 12.5% cash 3% PIK due 3/9/2018
Riverside Fund V, LP
0.4% limited partnership interest(12)(15)
World 50, Inc.
Senior Term Loan A, LIBOR+6.25% (1.5% floor) cash due 3/30/2017
Senior Term Loan B, 12.5% cash due 3/30/2017
Senior Revolver, LIBOR+6.25% (1.5% floor) cash due 3/30/2017(11)
10
Huddle House, Inc.
Subordinated Term Loan, 11% cash 1.6% PIK due 3/30/2018
Total Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments (125.0% of net assets)
Total Portfolio Investments (129.9% of net assets)
Portfolio Company
Effective date
Cash interest
PIK interest
Reason
Cardon Healthcare Network, LLC
Traffic Control & Safety Corporation
Default interest
per loan agreement
Tegra Medical, LLC
NDSSI Holdings, Inc.
Phoenix Brands Merger Sub LLC
+ 0.75% on Subordinated Term Loan;
+ 0.50% on Senior Term Loan & Revolver
CCCG, LLC
Eagle Hospital Physicians, Inc.
Lighting By Gregory, LLC
Capital Equipment Group, Inc.
11
12
September 30, 2011
First Lien Bridge Loan, 8% PIK due 3/31/2012
Nicos Polymers & Grinding, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan, 8% cash due 12/4/2017
First Lien Revolver, 8% cash due 12/4/2017
Total Control Investments (2.0% of net assets)
O’Currance, Inc.(13)(14)
First Lien Term Loan A, 12.875% cash 4% PIK due 3/21/2012
First Lien Term Loan B, 12.875% cash 4% PIK 3/21/2012
1.75% Preferred Membership interest in O’Currance Holding Co., LLC
3.3% Membership Interest in O’Currance Holding Co., LLC
Total Affiliate Investments (3.6% of net assets)
First Lien Term Loan, 12.75% cash 2.75% PIK due 10/16/2011
Traffic Control & Safety Corporation(9)
Senior Term Loan, LIBOR+9% cash due 6/29/2012
Senior Revolver, LIBOR+9% cash due 6/29/2012
Second Lien Term Loan, 12% cash 3% PIK due 5/28/2015
Subordinated Loan, 15% PIK due 5/28/2015
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+5.25% (4.75% floor) cash due 7/31/2012
First Lien Term Loan B, 12.5% cash 2.5% PIK due 7/31/2012
1,000 Common Units(6)
13
Boot Barn
255.78 shares of Series A&B Preferred Stock
1,354 shares of Common Stock
Premier Trailer Leasing, Inc.(9)(13)(14)
Second Lien Term Loan, 13.25% cash 3.25% PIK due 10/23/2012
285 shares of Common Stock
Rail Acquisition Corp.
First Lien Revolver, 12% cash due 7/17/2013(11)
IZI Medical Products, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, 12% cash due 3/31/2014
First Lien Term Loan B, 13% cash 3% PIK due 3/31/2014
First Lien Revolver, 10% cash due 3/31/2014(11)
453,755 Preferred units of IZI Holdings, LLC
First Lien Term Loan, 13% cash 2.5% PIK due 9/10/2014
First Lien Revolver, 12% cash due 9/10/2014
1.89% limited partnership interest(16)
0.33% limited partnership interest(16)
14
ADAPCO, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, 10% cash due 12/17/2014
First Lien Term Loan B, 12% cash 2% PIK due 12/17/2014
First Lien Term Revolver, 10% cash due 12/17/2014
First Lien Term Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (3% floor) cash due 12/30/2014(10)
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+9.5% (3.25% floor) cash due 12/31/2014(11)
2.52% limited partnership interest(12)(16)
NDSSI Holdings, LLC
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+9.75% (3% floor) cash 1% PIK due 12/31/2012
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+5.75% (3% floor) cash due 8/11/2015(11)
Epic Acquisition, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+8% (3% floor) cash due 8/13/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, 12.25% cash 3% PIK due 8/13/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (3% floor) cash due 8/13/2015(11)
15
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+8.5% cash due 9/15/2015
CRGT, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7.5% cash due 10/1/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, 12.5% cash 10/1/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7.5% cash due 10/1/2015(11)
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7% (2% floor) cash due 11/19/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+7% (3% floor) cash due 12/7/2015(11)
10,371 Preferred Equity units in Miche Holdings, LLC(6)
146,289 Series D Common Equity units in Miche Holdings, LLC(6)
0.50% limited partnership interest(16)
Dominion Diagnostics, LLC(9)
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+7% (2.5% floor) cash due 12/17/2015
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+10.5% (2.5% floor) cash 1% PIK due 12/17/2015
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (2.5% floor) cash due 12/17/2015(11)
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+5% (1.75% floor) cash due 12/22/2015
16
First Lien Term Loan A, 8% cash due 11/30/2013
First Lien Term Loan B, 8% PIK due 7/31/2011(15)
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+10% (1.75% floor) cash due 1/6/2016(9)
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (1.75% floor) cash due 1/6/2016(11)
IOS Acquisitions, Inc.
First Lien Term Loan A, LIBOR+8% (2% floor) cash due 1/14/2016
First Lien Term Loan B, LIBOR+10% (2% floor) cash 2% PIK due 1/14/2016
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+8% (2% floor) cash due 1/14/2016
Actient Pharmaceuticals, LLC
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6.25% (2% floor) cash due 7/29/2015
17
Ernest Health, Inc.
Second Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+8.5% (1.75% floor) cash due 5/13/2017
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+8.75% (1.25% floor) cash due 6/30/2016
0.4% limited partnership interest(16)
Senior Revolver, LIBOR+6.5% (1.5% floor) cash due 7/13/2016
Stackpole Powertrain International ULC(16)
3.07% limited partnership interest(12)(16)
18
250,000 Class A Units
Total Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments (148.1% of net assets)
Total Portfolio Investments (153.7% of net assets)
Dominion Diagnostics, LLC
Lighting by Gregory, LLC
Premier Trailer Leasing, Inc.
19
20
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts, percentages and as otherwise indicated)
Fifth Street Mezzanine Partners III, L.P. (the “Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership, was organized on February 15, 2007 to primarily invest in debt securities of small and middle market companies. FSMPIII GP, LLC was the Partnership’s general partner (the “General Partner”). The Partnership’s investments were managed by Fifth Street Management LLC (the “Investment Adviser”). The General Partner and Investment Adviser were under common ownership.
Effective January 2, 2008, the Partnership merged with and into Fifth Street Finance Corp. (the “Company”), an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). Fifth Street Finance Corp. is managed by the Investment Adviser. Prior to January 2, 2008, references to the Company are to the Partnership. Since January 2, 2008, references to the “Company”, “FSC”, “we” or “our” are to Fifth Street Finance Corp., unless the context otherwise requires.
The Company also has certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, including subsidiaries that are not consolidated for income tax purposes, which hold certain portfolio investments of the Company. The subsidiaries are consolidated with the Company for accounting purposes, and the portfolio investments held by the subsidiaries are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
On November 28, 2011, the Company transferred the listing of its common stock from the New York Stock Exchange to the NASDAQ Global Select Market, where it continues to trade under the symbol “FSC.” The following table reflects common stock offerings that have occurred from inception through March 31, 2012:
Date
Transaction
June 17, 2008
July 21, 2009
September 25, 2009
January 27, 2010
February 25, 2010
June 21, 2010
December 2010
February 4, 2011
June 24, 2011
January 26, 2012
On February 3, 2010, the Company’s consolidated wholly-owned subsidiary, Fifth Street Mezzanine Partners IV, L.P., received a license, effective February 1, 2010, from the United States Small Business Administration, or SBA, to operate as a small business investment company, or SBIC, under Section 301(c) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958. SBICs are designated to stimulate the flow of private equity capital to eligible small businesses. Under SBA regulations, SBICs may make loans to eligible small businesses and invest in the equity securities of small businesses.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The SBIC license allows the Company’s SBIC subsidiary to obtain leverage by issuing SBA-guaranteed debentures, subject to the satisfaction of certain customary procedures. SBA-guaranteed debentures are non-recourse, interest only debentures with interest payable semi-annually and have a ten year maturity. The principal amount of SBA-guaranteed debentures is not required to be paid prior to maturity but may be prepaid at any time without penalty. The interest rate of SBA-guaranteed debentures is fixed at the time of issuance at a market-driven spread over U.S. Treasury Notes with 10-year maturities.
SBA regulations currently limit the amount of SBA-guaranteed debentures that an SBIC may issue to $150 million when it has at least $75 million in regulatory capital. Affiliated SBICs are permitted to issue up to a combined maximum amount of $225 million in SBA-guaranteed debentures when they have at least $112.5 million in combined regulatory capital. As of March 31, 2012, the Company’s SBIC subsidiary had $75 million in regulatory capital and $150 million in SBA-guaranteed debentures outstanding, which had a fair value of $126.2 million. These debentures bear interest at a weighted average interest rate of 3.567% (excluding the SBA annual charge), as follows:
Rate Fix Date
September 2010
March 2011
September 2011
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded interest expense of $1.6 million and $3.2 million, respectively, related to the SBA-guaranteed debentures.
The SBA restricts the ability of SBICs to repurchase their capital stock. SBA regulations also include restrictions on a “change of control” or transfer of an SBIC and require that SBICs invest idle funds in accordance with SBA regulations. In addition, the Company’s SBIC subsidiary may also be limited in its ability to make distributions to the Company if it does not have sufficient capital, in accordance with SBA regulations.
The Company’s SBIC subsidiary is subject to regulation and oversight by the SBA, including requirements with respect to maintaining certain minimum financial ratios and other covenants. Receipt of an SBIC license does not assure that the SBIC subsidiary will receive SBA-guaranteed debenture funding and is dependent upon the SBIC subsidiary continuing to be in compliance with SBA regulations and policies.
The SBA, as a creditor, will have a superior claim to the SBIC subsidiary’s assets over the Company’s stockholders in the event the Company liquidates the SBIC subsidiary or the SBA exercises its remedies under the SBA-guaranteed debentures issued by the SBIC subsidiary upon an event of default.
The Company has received exemptive relief from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) to permit it to exclude the debt of the SBIC subsidiary guaranteed by the SBA from the definition of senior securities in the Company’s 200% asset coverage test under the 1940 Act. This allows the Company increased flexibility under the 200% asset coverage test by permitting it to borrow up to $150 million more than it would otherwise be able to under the 1940 Act absent the receipt of this exemptive relief.
Basis of Presentation and Liquidity:
The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for the fair presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements have been made. The financial results of the Company’s portfolio investments are not consolidated in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Although the Company expects to fund the growth of its investment portfolio through the net proceeds from the recent and future equity offerings, the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan, and issuances of senior securities or future borrowings, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the Company cannot assure that its plans to raise capital will be successful. In addition, the Company intends to distribute to its stockholders between 90% and 100% of its taxable income each year in order to satisfy the requirements applicable to Regulated Investment Companies (“RICs”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”). Consequently, the Company may not have the funds or the ability to fund new investments, to make additional investments in its portfolio companies, to fund its unfunded commitments to portfolio companies or to repay borrowings. In addition, the illiquidity of its portfolio investments may make it difficult for the Company to sell these investments when desired and, if the Company is required to sell these investments, it may realize significantly less than their recorded value.
Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions affecting amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on the information that is currently available to the Company and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. The most significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are the valuation of investments and revenue recognition.
The Consolidated Financial Statements include portfolio investments at fair value of $1.06 billion and $1.12 billion at March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011, respectively. The portfolio investments represent 129.9% and 153.7% of net assets at March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011, respectively, and their fair values have been determined by the Company’s Board of Directors in good faith in the absence of readily available market values. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, the determined values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for the investments, and the differences could be material.
The Company classifies its investments in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, “Control Investments” are defined as investments in companies in which the Company owns more than 25% of the voting securities or has rights to maintain greater than 50% of the board representation; “Affiliate Investments” are defined as investments in companies in which the Company owns between 5% and 25% of the voting securities; and “Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments” are defined as investments that are neither Control Investments nor Affiliate Investments.
Fair Value Measurements:
The Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available or reliable, valuation techniques are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the investments or market and the investments’ complexity.
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Assets recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value.
Hierarchical levels, defined by ASC 820 and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
Level 1 — Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data at the measurement date for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.
Under ASC 820, the Company performs detailed valuations of its debt and equity investments on an individual basis, using market, income and bond yield approaches as appropriate. In general, the Company utilizes the bond yield method in determining the fair value of its investments, as long as it is appropriate. If, in the Company’s judgment, the bond yield approach is not appropriate, it may use the market approach or income approach in determining the fair value of the Company’s investment in the portfolio company. If there is deterioration in the credit quality of the portfolio company or an investment is in workout status, the Company may use alternative methodologies, including an asset liquidation or expected recovery model.
Under the market approach, the Company estimates the enterprise value of the portfolio companies in which it invests. There is no one methodology to estimate enterprise value and, in fact, for any one portfolio company, enterprise value is best expressed as a range of fair values, from which the Company derives a single estimate of enterprise value. To estimate the enterprise value of a portfolio company, the Company analyzes various factors, including the portfolio company’s historical and projected financial results. Typically, private companies are valued based on multiples of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), cash flows, net income, revenues, or in limited cases, book value. The Company generally requires portfolio companies to provide annual audited and quarterly and monthly unaudited financial statements, as well as annual projections for the upcoming fiscal year.
Under the income approach, the Company generally prepares and analyzes discounted cash flow models based on projections of the future free cash flows of the business.
Under the bond yield approach, the Company uses bond yield models to determine the present value of the future cash flow streams of its debt investments. The Company reviews various sources of transactional data, including private mergers and acquisitions involving debt investments with similar characteristics, and assesses the information in the valuation process.
The Company’s Board of Directors undertakes a multi-step valuation process each quarter in connection with determining the fair value of the Company’s investments:
The quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by the Company’s finance department;
Preliminary valuations are then reviewed and discussed with principals of the Investment Adviser;
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Separately, independent valuation firms engaged by the Board of Directors prepare preliminary valuations on a selected basis and submit the reports to the Company;
The finance department compares and contrasts its preliminary valuations to the preliminary valuations of the independent valuation firms;
The finance department prepares a valuation report for the Valuation Committee of the Board of Directors;
The Valuation Committee of the Board of Directors is apprised of the preliminary valuations of the independent valuation firms;
The Valuation Committee of the Board of Directors reviews the preliminary valuations, and the finance department responds and supplements the preliminary valuations to reflect any comments provided by the Valuation Committee;
The Valuation Committee of the Board of Directors makes a recommendation to the Board of Directors regarding the fair value of the investments in the Company’s portfolio; and
The Board of Directors discusses valuations and determines the fair value of each investment in the Company’s portfolio in good faith.
The fair value of all of the Company’s investments at March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011 was determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is solely responsible for the valuation of the portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to the Company’s valuation policy and a consistently applied valuation process.
The Board of Directors has authorized the engagement of independent valuation firms to provide valuation assistance. Upon completion of their processes each quarter, the independent valuation firms provide the Company with written reports regarding the preliminary valuations of selected portfolio securities as of the close of such quarter. The Company will continue to engage independent valuation firms to provide assistance regarding the determination of the fair value of selected portfolio securities each quarter; however, the Board of Directors is ultimately and solely responsible for determining the fair value of the Company’s investments in good faith. The Company intends to have a portion of the portfolio valued by an independent third party on a quarterly basis, with a substantial portion being valued on an annual basis.
Investment Income:
Interest income, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of original issue discount, is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. The Company stops accruing interest on investments when it is determined that interest is no longer collectible. In connection with its investment, the Company sometimes receives nominal cost equity that is valued as part of the negotiation process with the particular portfolio company. When the Company receives nominal cost equity, the Company allocates its cost basis in its investment between its debt securities and its nominal cost equity at the time of origination. Any resulting discount from recording the loan is accreted into interest income over the life of the loan.
Distributions of earnings from portfolio companies are recorded as dividend income when the distribution is received.
The Company has investments in debt securities which contain payment-in-kind or “PIK” interest provisions. PIK interest is computed at the contractual rate specified in each investment agreement and added to the principal balance of the investment and recorded as income.
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Fee income consists of the monthly collateral management fees that the Company receives in connection with its debt investments and the accreted portion of the debt origination fees. The Company capitalizes a portion of the upfront loan origination fees received in connection with investments. The unearned fee income from such fees is accreted into fee income, based on the straight line method or effective interest method as applicable, over the life of the investment.
The Company has also structured exit fees across certain of its portfolio investments to be received upon the future exit of those investments. Exit fees are fees which are payable upon the exit of a debt security. These fees are to be paid to the Company upon the sooner to occur of (i) a sale of the borrower or substantially all of the assets of the borrower, (ii) the maturity date of the loan or (iii) the date when full prepayment of the loan occurs. The receipt of such fees is contingent upon the occurrence of one of the events listed above for each of the investments. A percentage of these fees is included in net investment income over the life of the loan.
Gain on Extinguishment of Convertible Senior Notes:
The Company may repurchase its Convertible Senior Notes in accordance with the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder and may surrender these Notes to the Trustee for cancellation. If the repurchase occurs at a purchase price below par value, a gain on the extinguishment of these Notes is recorded. The amount of the gain recorded is the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the Notes, net of the proportionate amount of unamortized debt issuance costs.
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, when acquired. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions and, at times, cash held in bank accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limit. Included in cash and cash equivalents is $6.1 million that is held at Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”) in connection with the Company’s credit facility. The Company is restricted in terms of access to this cash until such time as the Company submits its required monthly reporting schedules and Wells Fargo verifies the Company’s compliance per the terms of the credit agreement.
Deferred Financing Costs:
Deferred financing costs consist of fees and expenses paid in connection with the closing or amending of credit facilities and are capitalized at the time of payment. Deferred financing costs are amortized using the straight line method over the terms of the respective credit facilities. This amortization expense is included in interest expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Collateral Posted to Bank:
Collateral posted to bank consisted of cash posted as collateral with respect to the Company’s interest rate swap, which was terminated in August 2011. The Company was restricted in terms of access to this collateral until such swap was terminated or the swap agreement expired. Cash collateral posted was held in an account at Wells Fargo.
Interest Rate Swap:
The Company does not utilize hedge accounting and marks its interest rate swaps to fair value on a quarterly basis through its Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of March 31, 2012, the Company was not party to any interest rate swap agreements.
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Offering Costs:
Offering costs consist of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the public offer and sale of the Company’s common stock, including legal, accounting and printing fees. $0.8 million of offering costs have been charged to capital during the six months ended March 31, 2012.
Income Taxes:
As a RIC, the Company is not subject to federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income and gains distributed currently to its stockholders as a dividend. The Company intends to distribute between 90% and 100% of its taxable income and gains, within the Subchapter M rules, and thus the Company anticipates that it will not incur any federal or state income tax at the RIC level. As a RIC, the Company is also subject to a federal excise tax based on distributive requirements of its taxable income on a calendar year basis (e.g., calendar year 2012). The Company anticipates timely distribution of its taxable income within the tax rules; however, the Company incurred a de minimis federal excise tax for calendar years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The Company did not incur a federal excise tax for calendar year 2011 and does not expect to incur a federal excise tax for calendar year 2012. The Company may incur a federal excise tax in future years.
The purpose of the Company’s taxable subsidiaries is to permit the Company to hold equity investments in portfolio companies which are “pass through” entities for federal tax purposes in order to comply with the “source income” requirements contained in the RIC tax requirements. The taxable subsidiaries are not consolidated with the Company for income tax purposes and may generate income tax expense as a result of their ownership of certain portfolio investments. This income tax expense, if any, would be reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for its taxable subsidiaries’ income taxes. Using this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company recognizes deferred tax benefits associated with net operating loss carry forwards that it may use to offset future tax obligations. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which it expects to recover or settle those temporary differences.
ASC 740 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented, and disclosed in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. ASC 740 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Management’s determinations regarding ASC 740 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an ongoing analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof. The Company recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. Management has analyzed the Company’s tax positions, and has concluded that no liability for unrecognized tax benefits should be recorded related to uncertain tax positions taken on returns filed for open tax years 2008, 2009 or 2010. The Company identifies its major tax jurisdictions as U.S. Federal and New York State, and the Company is not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will change materially in the next 12 months.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs (“ASU 2011-04”).
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ASU 2011-04 amends ASC 820 and requires entities to change the wording used to describe the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. ASU 2011-04 clarifies the application of existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements related to the application of the highest and best use and valuation premise concepts for financial and nonfinancial instruments, measuring the fair value of an instrument classified in shareholders’ equity, and disclosures about fair value measurements. ASU 2011-04 changes the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments that are managed within a portfolio and the application of premiums and discounts in a fair value measurement related to size as a characteristic of the reporting entity’s holding rather than a characteristic of the asset or liability. ASU 2011-04 requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy including the valuation processes used by the reporting entity, the sensitivity of the fair value to changes in unobservable inputs, and the interrelationships between those unobservable inputs, if any. All the amendments to ASC 820 made by ASU 2011-04 are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this disclosure-only guidance is included in Note 3 — Portfolio Investments and did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial results.
At March 31, 2012, 129.9% of net assets or $1.06 billion was invested in 67 long-term portfolio investments and 14.2% of net assets or $115.2 million was invested in cash and cash equivalents. In comparison, at September 30, 2011, 153.7% of net assets or $1.12 billion was invested in 65 long-term portfolio investments and 9.3% of net assets or $67.6 million was invested in cash and cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2012, 81.3% of the Company’s portfolio at fair value consisted of debt investments that were secured by first or second priority liens on the assets of the portfolio companies. Moreover, the Company held equity investments in certain of its portfolio companies consisting of common stock, preferred stock, limited partnership interests or limited liability company interests. These instruments generally do not produce a current return but are held for potential investment appreciation and capital gain.
During the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded net realized losses of $10.8 million and $27.4 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2011, the Company recorded net realized losses on investments of $0.5 million and $14.0 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded net unrealized appreciation of $8.0 million and $13.9 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2011, the Company recorded net unrealized depreciation of $0.4 million and net unrealized appreciation of $16.5 million, respectively.
The composition of the Company’s investments as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011 at cost and fair value was as follows:
Investments in debt securities
Investments in equity securities
Total
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The composition of the Company’s debt investments as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011 at fixed rates and floating rates was as follows:
Fixed rate debt securities
Floating rate debt securities
The following table presents the financial instruments carried at fair value as of March 31, 2012, by caption on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities for each of the three levels of hierarchy established by ASC 820.
Investments in debt securities (first lien)
Investments in debt securities (second lien)
Investments in debt securities (subordinated)
Investments in equity securities (preferred)
Investments in equity securities (common)
Total investments at fair value
The following table presents the financial instruments carried at fair value as of September 30, 2011, by caption on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities for each of the three levels of hierarchy established by ASC 820.
When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, the determination is based upon the fact that the unobservable factors are the most significant to the overall fair value measurement. However, Level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or Level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated by external sources). Accordingly, the appreciation (depreciation) in the tables below includes changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology.
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The following table provides a roll-forward in the changes in fair value from December 31, 2011 to March 31, 2012 for all investments for which the Company determines fair value using unobservable (Level 3) factors.
Fair value as of December 31, 2011
New investments & net revolver activity
Redemptions/repayments
Net accrual of PIK interest income
Accretion of original issue discount
Net change in unearned income
Net unrealized appreciation
Net change from unrealized to realized
Transfer into (out of) Level 3
Fair value as of March 31, 2012
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) relating to Level 3 assets still held at March 31, 2012 and reported within net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012
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The following table provides a roll-forward in the changes in fair value from December 31, 2010 to March 31, 2011, for all investments for which the Company determines fair value using unobservable (Level 3) factors.
Fair value as of December 31, 2010
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation)
Fair value as of March 31, 2011
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) relating to Level 3 assets still held at March, 31, 2011 and reported within net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2011
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The following table provides a roll-forward in the changes in fair value from September 30, 2011 to March 31, 2012 for all investments for which the Company determines fair value using unobservable (Level 3) factors.
Fair value as of September 30, 2011
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) relating to Level 3 assets still held at March 31, 2012 and reported within net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the six months ended March 31, 2012
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The following table provides a roll-forward in the changes in fair value from September 30, 2010 to March 31, 2011, for all investments for which the Company determines fair value using unobservable (Level 3) factors.
Fair value as of September 30, 2010
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) relating to Level 3 assets still held at March, 31, 2011 and reported within net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the six months ended March 31, 2011
The Company utilizes a bond yield model to estimate the fair value of its debt investments where there is not a readily available market value (Level 3) based on the present value of expected cash flows. The significant observable inputs into the model are market interest rates for debt with similar characteristics, which are adjusted for the portfolio company’s credit risk. The credit risk component of the valuation considers several factors including financial performance, business outlook, debt priority and collateral position. These factors are incorporated into the calculation of the capital structure premium, tranche specific risk premium, size premium and industry premium, which are significant unobservable inputs into the model.
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Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 Investments
The following table provides quantitative information related to the significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 investments, which are carried at fair value as of March 31, 2012:
Asset
Valuation Technique
Unobservable Input
First lien debt
Second lien &
subordinated debt
Preferred &
common equity
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Under the bond yield approach, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s investments in debt securities are capital structure premium, tranche specific risk premium/(discount), size premium, and industry premium/(discount). Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation may result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively.
Under the enterprise value approach, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s investments in debt or equity securities are the weighted average cost of capital, company specific risk premium, revenue growth rate and EBITDA multiple. Significant increases or decreases in a portfolio company’s weighted average cost of capital or company specific risk premium in isolation may result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively. Significant increases or decreases in the revenue growth rate or EBITDA multiple in isolation may result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively.
Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, At Fair Value
The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s financial liabilities disclosed, but not carried, at fair value as of March 31, 2012 and the level of each financial liability within the fair value hierarchy:
The carrying values of credit facilities payable approximates their fair values and are included in Level 3 of the hierarchy.
The Company utilizes the bond yield approach to estimate the fair value of its SBA debentures payable, which are included in Level 3 of the hierarchy. Under the bond yield approach, the Company uses bond yield models to determine the present value of the future cash flows streams for the debentures. The Company reviews various sources of data involving investments with similar characteristics and assesses the information in the valuation process.
The Company uses recent market transactions to estimate the fair value of the convertible senior notes payable, which are included in Level 3 of the hierarchy.
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The Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements consisted of $94.4 million and $108.8 million of unfunded commitments to provide debt financing to its portfolio companies or to fund limited partnership interests as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011, respectively. Such commitments are subject to the portfolio companies’ satisfaction of certain financial and nonfinancial covenants and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities and are not reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities.
A summary of the composition of the unfunded commitments (consisting of revolvers, term loans and limited partnership interests) as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011 is shown in the table below:
Specialty Bakers, LLC
Riverside Fund V, LP (limited partnership interest)
Milestone Partners IV, LP (limited partnership interest)
Psilos Group Partners IV, LP (limited partnership interest)
ACON Equity Partners III, LP (limited partnership interest)
Bunker Hill Capital II (QP), LP (limited partnership interest)
Riverlake Equity Partners II, LP (limited partnership interest)
RCPDirect, LP (limited partnership interest)
Baird Capital Partners V, LP (limited partnership interest)
Riverside Fund IV, LP (limited partnership interest)
Flatout, Inc.
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Summaries of the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio at cost and fair value as a percentage of total investments are shown in the following tables:
Cost:
Second lien debt
Subordinated debt
Purchased equity
Equity grants
Limited partnership interests
Fair value:
The Company invests in portfolio companies located in North America. The following tables show the portfolio composition by geographic region at cost and fair value as a percentage of total investments. The geographic composition is determined by the location of the corporate headquarters of the portfolio company, which may not be indicative of the primary source of the portfolio company’s business.
Northeast U.S.
Southwest U.S.
Southeast U.S.
West U.S.
Midwest U.S.
Canada
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The composition of the Company’s portfolio by industry at cost and fair value as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011 were as follows:
Healthcare services
Healthcare equipment
Internet software & services
Diversified support services
Oil & gas equipment services
Construction and engineering
Pharmaceuticals
Leisure facilities
Electronic equipment & instruments
Specialty stores
Diversified financial services
Education services
Apparel, accessories & luxury goods
Household products
Advertising
Home improvement retail
IT consulting & other services
Restaurants
Integrated telecommunication services
Industrial machinery
Electronic manufacturing services
Human resources & employment services
Auto parts & equipment
Distributors
Air freight & logistics
Environmental & facilities services
Food distributors
Research & consulting services
Leisure products
Construction materials
Housewares & specialties
Building products
Multi-sector holdings
Movies & entertainment
Fertilizers & agricultural chemicals
Healthcare technology
Trucking
Data processing & outsourced services
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Fair Value:
The Company’s investments are generally in small and mid-sized companies in a variety of industries. At March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011, the Company had no single investment that represented greater than 10% of the total investment portfolio at fair value. Income, consisting of interest, dividends, fees, other investment income, and realization of gains or losses, can fluctuate upon repayment or sale of an investment and in any given year can be highly concentrated among several investments. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011, no individual investment produced income that exceeded 10% of investment income.
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The Company receives a variety of fees in the ordinary course of business. Certain fees, such as origination fees, are capitalized and amortized in accordance with ASC 310-20 Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. In accordance with ASC 820, the net unearned fee income balance is netted against the cost of the respective investments. Other fees, such as servicing and collateral management fees, are classified as fee income and recognized as they are earned on a monthly basis.
Accumulated unearned fee income activity for the six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 was as follows:
Beginning unearned fee income balance
Net fees received
Unearned fee income recognized
Ending unearned fee income balance
As of March 31, 2012, the Company had structured $6.4 million in aggregate exit fees across 9 portfolio investments upon the future exit of those investments. Exit fees are fees which are payable upon the exit of a debt investment. These fees are to be paid to the Company upon the sooner to occur of (i) a sale of the borrower or substantially all of the assets of the borrower, (ii) the maturity date of the loan or (iii) the date when full prepayment of the loan occurs. The receipt of such fees is contingent upon the occurrence of one of the events listed above for each of the investments. A percentage of these fees is included in net investment income over the life of the loan.
Effective January 2, 2008, the Partnership merged with and into the Company. At the time of the merger, all outstanding partnership interests in the Partnership were exchanged for 12,480,972 shares of common stock of the Company. An additional 26 fractional shares were payable to the stockholders in cash.
On June 17, 2008, the Company completed an initial public offering of 10,000,000 shares of its common stock at the offering price of $14.12 per share. The net proceeds totaled $129.5 million after deducting investment banking commissions of $9.9 million and offering costs of $1.8 million.
On July 21, 2009, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 9,487,500 shares of its common stock, which included the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option, at the offering price of $9.25 per share. The net proceeds totaled $82.7 million after deducting investment banking commissions of $4.4 million and offering costs of $0.7 million.
On September 25, 2009, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 5,520,000 shares of its common stock, which included the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option, at the offering price of $10.50 per share. The net proceeds totaled $54.9 million after deducting investment banking commissions of $2.8 million and offering costs of $0.3 million.
On January 27, 2010, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 7,000,000 shares of its common stock at the offering price of $11.20 per share, with 300,500 additional shares being sold as part of the underwriters’ partial exercise of their over-allotment option on February 25, 2010. The net proceeds totaled $77.5 million after deducting investment banking commissions of $3.7 million and offering costs of $0.5 million.
40
On April 20, 2010, at the Company’s 2010 Annual Meeting, the Company’s stockholders approved, among other things, amendments to the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 49,800,000 shares to 150,000,000 shares and to remove the Company’s authority to issue shares of Series A Preferred Stock.
On June 21, 2010, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 9,200,000 shares of its common stock, which included the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option, at the offering price of $11.50 per share. The net proceeds totaled $100.5 million after deducting investment banking commissions of $4.8 million and offering costs of $0.5 million.
On December 7, 2010, the Company entered into an at-the-market equity offering sales agreement relating to shares of its common stock. Throughout the month of December 2010, the Company sold 429,110 shares of its common stock at an average offering price of $11.87 per share. The net proceeds totaled $5.0 million after deducting fees and commissions of $0.1 million. The Company terminated the at-the-market equity offering sales agreement effective January 20, 2011 and did not sell any shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant thereto subsequent to December 31, 2010.
On February 4, 2011, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 11,500,000 shares of its common stock, which included the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option, at the offering price of $12.65 per share. The net proceeds totaled $138.6 million after deducting investment banking commissions of $6.5 million and offering costs of $0.3 million.
On June 24, 2011, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 5,558,469 shares of its common stock, which included the underwriters’ partial exercise of their over-allotment option, at the offering price of $11.72 per share. The net proceeds totaled $62.7 million after deducting investment banking commissions of $2.3 million and offering costs of $0.2 million.
On January 26, 2012, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 10,000,000 shares of its common stock at the offering price of $10.07 per share. The net proceeds totaled $99.9 million after deducting offering costs of $0.8 million.
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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share, pursuant to ASC 260-10 Earnings per Share, for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011:
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)
Earnings per common share — basic:
Earnings per common share — diluted:
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations, before adjustments
Adjustments for interest on convertible senior notes, base management fees, incentive fees and gain on extinguishment of convertible senior notes
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations, as adjusted
Adjustments for dilutive effect of convertible notes
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The following table reflects the dividend distributions per share that the Board of Directors of the Company has declared and the Company has paid, including shares issued under the dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”), on its common stock from inception to March 31, 2012:
Date Declared
5/1/2008
8/6/2008
12/9/2008
12/18/2008
4/14/2009
8/3/2009
11/12/2009
1/12/2010
5/3/2010
8/2/2010
11/30/2010
1/30/2011
5/2/2011
8/1/2011
11/10/2011
In October 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $8 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Stock repurchases under this program were made through the open market at times and in such amounts as Company management deemed appropriate. The stock repurchase program expired December 2009. In October 2008, the Company repurchased 78,000 shares of common stock on the open market as part of its share repurchase program.
In October 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $20 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Stock repurchases under this program were to be made through the open market at times and in such amounts as the Company’s management deemed appropriate, provided it was below the most recently published net asset value per share. The stock repurchase program expired December 31, 2011, with the Company not repurchasing any shares of its common stock pursuant to the repurchase program.
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On November 16, 2009, Fifth Street Funding, LLC, a consolidated wholly-owned bankruptcy remote, special purpose subsidiary (“Funding”), and the Company entered into a Loan and Servicing Agreement (“Wells Agreement”), with respect to a three-year credit facility (“Wells Fargo facility”) with Wells Fargo, as successor to Wachovia Bank, National Association, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as administrative agent, each of the additional institutional and conduit lenders party thereto from time to time, and each of the lender agents party thereto from time to time, in the amount of $50 million, with an accordion feature which allowed for potential future expansion of the facility up to $100 million. The facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 4.0% per annum and had a maturity date of November 16, 2012.
On May 26, 2010, the Company amended the Wells Fargo facility to expand the borrowing capacity under that facility. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company received an additional $50 million commitment, thereby increasing the size of the facility from $50 million to $100 million, with an accordion feature that allows for potential future expansion of that facility from a total of $100 million up to a total of $150 million. In addition, the interest rate of the Wells Fargo facility was reduced from LIBOR plus 4% per annum to LIBOR plus 3.5% per annum, with no LIBOR floor, and the maturity date of the facility was extended from November 16, 2012 to May 26, 2013.
On November 5, 2010, the Company amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, provide for the issuance from time to time of letters of credit for the benefit of the Company’s portfolio companies. The letters of credit are subject to certain restrictions, including a borrowing base limitation and an aggregate sublimit of $15.0 million. On February 28, 2011, the Company amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, (i) reduce the interest rate to LIBOR plus 3.0% per annum, with no LIBOR floor, (ii) extend the period during which the Company may make new borrowings under the facility to February 25, 2013, and (iii) extend the maturity date of the facility to February 25, 2014. The facility may be extended for up to two additional years upon the mutual consent of Wells Fargo and each of the lender parties thereto. On November 30, 2011, the Company amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, reduce the interest rate to LIBOR plus 2.75% per annum, with no LIBOR floor. On April 23, 2012, the Company amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, expand the borrowing capacity under the facility. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company received an additional $50 million commitment, thereby increasing the size of the facility to $150 million, with an accordion feature which allows for future expansion of the facility up to a total of $250 million. In addition, the period during which the Company may make and reinvest borrowings under the facility was extended to April 23, 2014 and the maturity date of the facility was extended to April 25, 2016.
In connection with the Wells Fargo facility, the Company concurrently entered into (i) a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Funding, pursuant to which the Company will sell to Funding certain loan assets it has originated or acquired, or will originate or acquire and (ii) a Pledge Agreement with Wells Fargo, pursuant to which the Company pledged all of its equity interests in Funding as security for the payment of Funding’s obligations under the Wells Agreement and other documents entered into in connection with the Wells Fargo facility. Funding was formed for the sole purpose of entering into the Wells Fargo facility and has no other operations.
The Wells Agreement and related agreements governing the Wells Fargo facility required both Funding and the Company to, among other things (i) make representations and warranties regarding the collateral as well as each of their businesses, (ii) agree to certain indemnification obligations and (iii) comply with various covenants, servicing procedures, limitations on acquiring and disposing of assets, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. The Wells Fargo facility agreements also include usual and customary default provisions such as the failure to make timely payments under the facility, a change in control of Funding, and the failure by Funding or the Company to materially perform under the Wells Agreement and related agreements governing the facility, which, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the facility, thereby materially and adversely affecting the Company’s liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. The Company is currently in compliance with all financial covenants under the Wells Fargo facility.
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The Wells Fargo facility is secured by all of the assets of Funding, and all of the Company’s equity interest in Funding. The Company uses the Wells Fargo facility to fund a portion of its loan origination activities and for general corporate purposes. Each loan origination under the facility is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The Company cannot be assured that Funding will be able to borrow funds under the Wells Fargo facility at any particular time or at all. As of March 31, 2012, the Company had $7.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Wells Fargo facility that had a fair value of $7.0 million. The Company’s borrowings under the Wells Fargo facility bore interest at a weighted average interest rate of 3.130% during the six months ended March 31, 2012. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, related to the Wells Fargo facility.
On May 27, 2010, the Company entered into a three-year secured syndicated revolving credit facility (“ING facility”) pursuant to a Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement (“ING Credit Agreement”) with certain lenders party thereto from time to time and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent. The ING facility allowed for the Company to borrow money at a rate of either (i) LIBOR plus 3.5% per annum or (ii) 2.5% per annum plus an alternate base rate based on the greatest of the Prime Rate, Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% per annum or LIBOR plus 1% per annum, and had a maturity date of May 27, 2013. The ING facility also allows the Company to request letters of credit from ING Capital LLC, as the issuing bank. The initial commitment under the ING facility was $90 million, and the ING facility included an accordion feature that allowed for potential future expansion of the facility up to a total of $150 million. The ING facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets, as well as the assets of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, FSFC Holdings, Inc., and its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC, subject to certain exclusions for, among other things, equity interests in the Company’s SBIC subsidiary, and equity interests in Funding and Funding II (which is defined and discussed below) as further set forth in a Guarantee, Pledge and Security Agreement (“ING Security Agreement”) entered into in connection with the ING Credit Agreement, among FSFC Holdings, Inc., ING Capital LLC, as collateral agent, and the Company. Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC and FSFC Holdings, Inc. were formed to hold certain of the Company’s portfolio companies for tax purposes and have no other operations. None of the Company’s SBIC subsidiary, Funding or Funding II is party to the ING facility and their respective assets have not been pledged in connection therewith. The ING facility provides that the Company may use the proceeds and letters of credit under the facility for general corporate purposes, including acquiring and funding leveraged loans, mezzanine loans, high-yield securities, convertible securities, preferred stock, common stock and other investments.
On February 22, 2011, the Company amended the ING facility to, among other things, expand the borrowing capacity to $215 million. In addition, the ING facility’s accordion feature was increased to allow for potential future expansion up to a total of $300 million and the maturity date was extended to February 22, 2014. On July 8, 2011, the Company amended the ING facility to, among other things, expand the borrowing capacity to $230 million and increase the accordion feature to allow for potential future expansion up to a total of $350 million. In addition, the ING facility’s interest rate was reduced to LIBOR plus 3.0% per annum, with no LIBOR floor, when the facility is drawn more than 35%. Otherwise, the interest rate will be LIBOR plus 3.25% per annum, with no LIBOR floor.
On February 29, 2012, the Company amended the ING facility to, among other things, (i) extend the period during which the Company may make and repay borrowings under the ING facility to February 27, 2015, (ii) extend the maturity date to February 29, 2016 and (iii) increase the accordion feature to allow for potential future expansion up to a total of $450 million.
Pursuant to the ING Security Agreement, FSFC Holdings, Inc. and Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC guaranteed the obligations under the ING Security Agreement, including the Company’s obligations to the lenders and the administrative agent under the ING Credit Agreement. Additionally, the Company pledged its entire equity interest in FSFC Holdings, Inc. and FSFC Holdings, Inc. pledged its entire equity interest in Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC to the collateral agent pursuant to the terms of the ING Security Agreement.
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The ING Credit Agreement and related agreements governing the ING facility required FSFC Holdings, Inc., Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC and the Company to, among other things (i) make representations and warranties regarding the collateral as well as each of the Company’s businesses, (ii) agree to certain indemnification obligations and (iii) agree to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. The ING facility documents also include usual and customary default provisions such as the failure to make timely payments under the facility, the occurrence of a change in control, and the failure by the Company to materially perform under the ING Credit Agreement and related agreements governing the facility, which, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the facility, thereby materially and adversely affecting the Company’s liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. The Company is currently in compliance with all financial covenants under the ING facility.
Each loan or letter of credit originated under the ING facility is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The Company cannot be assured that it will be able to borrow funds under the ING facility at any particular time or at all.
As of March 31, 2012, the Company had $80.5 million of borrowings outstanding under the ING facility that had a fair value of $80.5 million. The Company’s borrowings under the ING facility bore interest at a weighted average interest rate of 3.403% during the six months ended March 31, 2012. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded interest expense of $1.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively, related to the ING facility.
On September 16, 2011, Fifth Street Funding II, LLC, a consolidated wholly-owned bankruptcy remote, special purpose subsidiary (“Funding II”), entered into a Loan and Servicing Agreement (“Sumitomo Agreement”) with respect to a seven-year credit facility (“Sumitomo facility”) with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (“SMBC”), an affiliate of Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc., as administrative agent, and each of the lenders from time to time party thereto, in the amount of $200 million. The Sumitomo facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum with no LIBOR floor, permits the Company to make new borrowings until September 16, 2014, matures on September 16, 2018 and includes an option for a one-year extension.
In connection with the Sumitomo facility, the Company concurrently entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Funding II, pursuant to which it will sell to Funding II certain loan assets the Company has originated or acquired, or will originate or acquire.
The Sumitomo Agreement and related agreements governing the Sumitomo facility required both Funding II and the Company to, among other things (i) make representations and warranties regarding the collateral as well as each of its businesses, (ii) agree to certain indemnification obligations and (iii) comply with various covenants, servicing procedures, limitations on acquiring and disposing of assets, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. The Sumitomo facility agreements also include usual and customary default provisions such as the failure to make timely payments under the facility, a change in control of Funding II, and the failure by Funding II or the Company to materially perform under the Sumitomo Agreement and related agreements governing the Sumitomo facility, which, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the facility, thereby materially and adversely affecting the Company’s liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. Funding II was formed for the sole purpose of entering into the Sumitomo facility and has no other operations.
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The Sumitomo facility is secured by all of the assets of Funding II. Each loan origination under the facility is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. There is no assurance that Funding II will be able to borrow funds under the Sumitomo facility at any particular time or at all. As of March 31, 2012, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Sumitomo facility. The Company’s borrowings under the Sumitomo facility bore interest at a weighted average interest rate of 2.773% during the six months ended March 31, 2012. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to the Sumitomo facility.
As of March 31, 2012, except for assets that were funded through the Company’s SBIC subsidiary, substantially all of the Company’s assets were pledged as collateral under the Wells Fargo facility, the ING facility or the Sumitomo facility. With respect to the assets funded through the Company’s SBIC subsidiary, the SBA, as a creditor, will have a superior claim to the SBIC subsidiary’s assets over the Company’s stockholders.
Interest expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 was $5.6 million and $11.3 million, respectively. Interest expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 2011 was $2.7 million and $4.7 million, respectively.
Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. In accordance with the Company’s policy, accrued interest is evaluated periodically for collectability. The Company stops accruing interest on investments when it is determined that interest is no longer collectible. Distributions from portfolio companies are recorded as dividend income when the distribution is received.
The Company holds debt in its portfolio that contains PIK interest provisions. The PIK interest, which represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance that is generally due at the end of the loan term, is generally recorded on the accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. The Company generally ceases accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or if the Company does not expect the portfolio company to be able to pay all principal and interest due. The Company’s decision to cease accruing PIK interest involves subjective judgments and determinations based on available information about a particular portfolio company, including whether the portfolio company is current with respect to its payment of principal and interest on its loans and debt securities; monthly and quarterly financial statements and financial projections for the portfolio company; the Company’s assessment of the portfolio company’s business development success, including product development, profitability and the portfolio company’s overall adherence to its business plan; information obtained by the Company in connection with periodic formal update interviews with the portfolio company’s management and, if appropriate, the private equity sponsor; and information about the general economic and market conditions in which the portfolio company operates. Based on this and other information, the Company determines whether to cease accruing PIK interest on a loan or debt security. The Company’s determination to cease accruing PIK interest on a loan or debt security is generally made well before the Company’s full write-down of such loan or debt security.
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Accumulated PIK interest activity for the six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 was as follows:
PIK balance at beginning of period
Gross PIK interest accrued
PIK income reserves
PIK interest received in cash
Loan exits and other PIK adjustments
PIK balance at end of period
As of March 31, 2012, the Company had stopped accruing cash and/or PIK interest and original issue discount (“OID”) on four investments, including three that had not paid all of their scheduled cash interest payments for the period ended March 31, 2012. As of March 31, 2011, the Company had stopped accruing cash interest, PIK interest and OID on three investments that had not paid all of their scheduled cash interest payments for the period ended March 31, 2011.
Cash non-accrual status is inclusive of PIK and other noncash income, where applicable. The percentages of the Company’s portfolio investments at cost and fair value by accrual status as of March 31, 2012, September 30, 2011 and March 31, 2011 were as follows:
Accrual
PIK non-accrual
Cash non-accrual
The non-accrual status of the Company’s portfolio investments as of March 31, 2012, September 30, 2011 and March 31, 2011 was as follows:
MK Network, LLC(1)
O’Currance, Inc.(1)
Premier Trailer Leasing, Inc.(1)
Repechage Investments Limited
Traffic Control & Safety Corp. — Second Lien and Subordinated Debt
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Income non-accrual amounts related to the above investments for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 were as follows:
Cash interest income
OID income
Taxable income differs from net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations primarily due to: (1) unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments, as investment gains and losses are not included in taxable income until they are realized; (2) origination fees received in connection with investments in portfolio companies, which are amortized into interest income over the life of the investment for book purposes, are treated as taxable income upon receipt; (3) organizational and deferred offering costs; (4) recognition of interest income on certain loans; and (5) income or loss recognition on exited investments.
At September 30, 2011, the Company has net loss carryforwards of $11.8 million to offset net capital gains, to the extent provided by federal tax law. Of the capital loss carryforwards, $1.5 million will expire on September 30, 2017 and $10.3 million will expire on September 30, 2019. During the year ended September 30, 2011, the Company realized capital losses from the sale of investments after October 31, 2010 and prior to year end (“post-October capital losses”) of $29.9 million, which for tax purposes are treated as arising on the first day of the following year.
Listed below is a reconciliation of “net increase in net assets resulting from operations” to taxable income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012.
Net change in unrealized appreciation
Book/tax difference due to deferred loan origination fees, net
Book/tax difference due to organizational and deferred offering costs
Book/tax difference due to interest income on certain loans
Book/tax difference due to capital losses not recognized
Other book-tax differences
Taxable/Distributable Income(1)
49
On December 22, 2010, the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010 (the “Act”) was enacted, which changed various technical rules governing the tax treatment of RICs. The changes are generally effective for taxable years beginning after the date of enactment. Under the Act, the Company will be permitted to carryforward net capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after the date of enactment for an unlimited period. However, any losses incurred during those future taxable years will be required to be utilized prior to the losses incurred in pre-enactment taxable years, which carry an expiration date. As a result of this ordering rule, pre-enactment net loss carryforwards may be more likely to expire unused.
Distributions to stockholders are recorded on the record date. The Company is required to distribute annually to its stockholders at least 90% of its net taxable income and net realized short-term capital gains in excess of net realized long-term capital losses for each taxable year in order to be eligible for the tax benefits allowed to a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. The Company anticipates paying out as a dividend all or substantially all of those amounts. The amount to be paid out as a dividend is determined by the Board of Directors and is based on management’s estimate of the Company’s annual taxable income. For tax purposes, distributions may include returns of capital. The Company maintains an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan for its stockholders.
The Company’s Board of Directors has declared the following distributions from inception to March 31, 2012:
Dividend Type
Quarterly
Special
Monthly
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For income tax purposes, the Company estimates that its distributions for the calendar year 2012 will be composed primarily of ordinary income, and will be reflected as such on the Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year 2012. The Company anticipates declaring further distributions to its stockholders to meet the RIC distribution requirements.
As a RIC, the Company is also subject to a federal excise tax based on distributive requirements of its taxable income on a calendar year basis. Because the Company did not satisfy these distribution requirements for calendar years 2008, 2009 and 2010, the Company incurred a de minimis federal excise tax for those calendar years. The Company did not incur a federal excise tax for calender year 2011 and does not expect to incur a federal excise tax for calendar year 2012.
Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the sale or redemption and the cost basis of the investment or interest rate swap without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, and includes investments written-off during the period, net of recoveries. Realized losses may also be recorded in connection with the Company’s determination that certain investments are considered worthless securities and/or meet the conditions for loss recognition per the applicable tax rules.
Net unrealized appreciation or depreciation on investments and interest rate swap reflects the net change in the valuation of the portfolio pursuant to the Company’s valuation guidelines and the reclassification of any prior period unrealized appreciation or depreciation.
During the six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded investment realization events, including the following:
In November 2011, the Company recorded a realized loss in the amount of $18.1 million as a result of a Delaware bankruptcy court judge ruling which confirmed a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization that provided no recovery on the Company’s investment in Premier Trailer Leasing, Inc.;
In November 2011, the Company received a cash payment of $20.2 million from IZI Medical Products, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and the Company received an additional $1.3 million proceeds from its equity investment, realizing a gain of $0.8 million;
In December 2011, the Company received a cash payment of $23.0 million from ADAPCO, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2011, the Company received a cash payment of $2.0 million from Best Vinyl Fence & Deck, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations related to the Term Loan A under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
51
In December 2011, the Company received a cash payment of $9.2 million from Actient Pharmaceuticals LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2011, the Company sold $4.0 million of its $10.0 million debt investment in Bojangles and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2011, the Company sold $2.0 million of its $11.5 million debt investment in US Collections, Inc. and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In January 2012, the Company received a cash payment of $18.5 million from IOS Acquisitions, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In February 2012, the Company received a cash payment of $2.1 million from O’Currance, Inc. The debt investment was exited below par and the Company recorded a realized loss in the amount of $10.7 million on this transaction;
In February 2012, the Company received a cash payment of $25.0 million from Ernest Health, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In March 2012, the Company received a cash payment of $47.7 million from CRGT, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In March 2012, the Company received a cash payment of $24.5 million from Epic Acquisition, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In March 2012, the Company received a cash payment of $48.8 million from Dominion Diagnostics, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction; and
In March 2012, the Company received a cash payment of $5.0 million from Genoa Healthcare Holdings, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the senior loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction.
During the six months ended March 31, 2011, the Company recorded investment realization events, including the following:
In October 2010, the Company received a cash payment of $8.7 million from Goldco, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In November 2010, the Company received a cash payment of $11.0 million from TBA Global, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In November 2010, the Company restructured its investment in Vanguard Vinyl, Inc. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, the Company recorded a realized loss in the amount of $1.7 million in accordance with ASC 470-50;
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In December 2010, the Company restructured its investment in Nicos Polymers & Grinding, Inc. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, the Company recorded a realized loss in the amount of $3.9 million in accordance with ASC 470-50;
In December 2010, the Company received a cash payment of $25.3 million from Boot Barn in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2010, the Company received a cash payment of $11.7 million from Western Emulsions, Inc. in partial satisfaction of the obligations under the loan agreement. No realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2010, the Company restructured its investment in Lighting by Gregory, LLC. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, the Company recorded a realized loss in the amount of $7.8 million in accordance with ASC 470-50; and
In March 2011, the Company received a cash payment of $5.0 million from AmBath/ReBath Holdings, Inc. as part of a restructuring of the loan agreement. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, the Company recorded a realized loss in the amount of $0.3 million in accordance with ASC 470-50.
During the six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded net unrealized appreciation of $13.9 million. This consisted of $1.8 million of net unrealized appreciation on equity investments and $27.7 million of net reclassifications from unrealized depreciation to realized losses on our investments, offset by $15.6 million of net unrealized depreciation on debt investments. During the six months ended March 31, 2011, the Company recorded net unrealized appreciation of $16.5 million. This consisted of $10.9 million of net reclassifications from unrealized depreciation to realized losses on our investments, $5.7 million of net unrealized appreciation on debt investments and $1.0 million of net unrealized appreciation on the interest rate swap, offset by $1.1 million of net unrealized depreciation on equity investments.
The Company places its cash in financial institutions and at times such balances may be in excess of the FDIC insured limit. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by depositing its cash with high credit quality financial institutions and monitoring their financial stability.
The Company has entered into an investment advisory agreement with the Investment Adviser. Under the investment advisory agreement, the Company pays the Investment Adviser a fee for its services consisting of two components — a base management fee and an incentive fee.
Base management Fee
The base management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 2% of the Company’s gross assets, which includes any borrowings for investment purposes. The base management fee is payable quarterly in arrears, and will be calculated based on the value of the Company’s gross assets at the end of each fiscal quarter, and appropriately adjusted on a pro rata basis for any equity capital raises or repurchases during such quarter. The base management fee for any partial month or quarter will be appropriately prorated.
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For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, base management fees were $5.4 million and $11.1 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2011, base management fees were $4.8 million and $8.6 million, respectively. At March 31, 2012, the Company had a liability on its Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities in the amount of $5.4 million reflecting the unpaid portion of the base management fee payable to the Investment Adviser.
Incentive Fee
The incentive fee portion of the investment advisory agreement has two parts. The first part is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on the Company’s “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. For this purpose, “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including (i) any other fees (other than fees for providing managerial assistance), such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that the Company receives from portfolio companies or (ii) other income that must be distributed to its stockholders, including, for example, any gain recorded in connection with the extinguishment of its debt) accrued during the fiscal quarter, minus the Company’s operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, expenses payable under the Company’s administration agreement with FSC, Inc., and any interest expense and dividends paid on any issued and outstanding indebtedness or preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with PIK interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that the Company has not yet received in cash. Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation. Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of the Company’s net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, will be compared to a “hurdle rate” of 2% per quarter (8% annualized), subject to a “catch-up” provision measured as of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Company’s net investment income used to calculate this part of the incentive fee is also included in the amount of its gross assets used to calculate the 2% base management fee. The operation of the incentive fee with respect to the Company’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for each quarter is as follows:
No incentive fee is payable to the Investment Adviser in any fiscal quarter in which the Company’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed the hurdle rate of 2% (the “preferred return” or “hurdle”);
100% of the Company’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than or equal to 2.5% in any fiscal quarter (10% annualized) is payable to the Investment Adviser. The Company refers to this portion of its Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (which exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than or equal to 2.5%) as the “catch-up.” The “catch-up” provision is intended to provide the Investment Adviser with an incentive fee of 20% on all of the Company’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if a hurdle rate did not apply when the Company’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds 2.5% in any fiscal quarter; and
20% of the amount of the Company’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds 2.5% in any fiscal quarter (10% annualized) is payable to the Investment Adviser once the hurdle is reached and the catch-up is achieved (20% of all Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income thereafter is allocated to the Investment Adviser).
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The second part of the incentive fee is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the investment advisory agreement, as of the termination date), commencing on September 30, 2008, and equals 20% of the Company’s realized capital gains, if any, on a cumulative basis from inception through the end of each fiscal year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees.
GAAP requires the Company to accrue for the theoretical capital gains incentive fee that would be payable after giving effect to the net realized and unrealized capital appreciation and depreciation. It should be noted that a fee so calculated and accrued would not necessarily be payable under the investment advisory agreement, and may never be paid based upon the computation of capital gains incentive fees in subsequent periods. Amounts ultimately paid under the investment advisory agreement will be consistent with the formula reflected in the investment advisory agreement.
The Company does not currently accrue for capital gains incentive fees due to the accumulated realized and unrealized losses in the portfolio.
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, incentive fees were $5.7 million and $10.9 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2011, incentive fees were $4.1 million and $7.7 million, respectively. At March 31, 2012, the Company had a liability on its Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities in the amount of $5.7 million reflecting the unpaid portion of the incentive fee payable to the Investment Adviser.
Indemnification
The investment advisory agreement provides that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of their respective duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of their respective duties and obligations, the Company’s Investment Adviser and its officers, managers, agents, employees, controlling persons, members (or their owners) and any other person or entity affiliated with it, are entitled to indemnification from the Company for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of the Investment Adviser’s services under the investment advisory agreement or otherwise as the Company’s Investment Adviser.
Administration Agreement
The Company has also entered into an administration agreement with FSC, Inc. under which FSC, Inc. provides administrative services for the Company, including office facilities and equipment, and clerical, bookkeeping and recordkeeping services at such facilities. Under the administration agreement, FSC, Inc. also performs or oversees the performance of the Company’s required administrative services, which includes being responsible for the financial records which the Company is required to maintain and preparing reports to the Company’s stockholders and reports filed with the SEC. In addition, FSC, Inc. assists the Company in determining and publishing the Company’s net asset value, overseeing the preparation and filing of the Company’s tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports to the Company’s stockholders, and generally overseeing the payment of the Company’s expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Company by others. For providing these services, facilities and personnel, the Company reimburses FSC, Inc. the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by FSC, Inc. in performing its obligations under the administration agreement, including rent and the Company’s allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of the Company’s chief financial officer and chief compliance officer and their staffs. Such reimbursement is at cost with no profit to, or markup by, FSC, Inc.
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FSC, Inc. has voluntarily determined to forgo receiving reimbursement for the services performed for the Company by its chief compliance officer. However, although FSC, Inc. currently intends to forgo its right to receive such reimbursement, it is under no obligation to do so and may cease to do so at any time in the future. FSC, Inc. may also provide, on the Company’s behalf, managerial assistance to the Company’s portfolio companies. The administration agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party.
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company incurred administration expenses of $1.1 million, including $0.3 million of general and administrative expenses, and $2.2 million, including $0.6 million of general and administrative expenses, that are due to FSC, Inc., respectively. At March 31, 2012, $1.4 million (inclusive of these administration expenses) was included in Due to FSC, Inc. in the Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Per share data:
Net asset value at beginning of period
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments and interest rate swap
Dividends paid
Issuance of common stock
Net asset value at end of period
Per share market value at beginning of period
Per share market value at end of period
Total return(1)
Common shares outstanding at beginning of period
Average net assets(2)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets(3)
Ratio of total expenses to average net assets(3)
Ratio of portfolio turnover to average investments at fair value
Weighted average outstanding debt(4)
Average debt per share
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In August 2010, the Company entered into a three-year interest rate swap agreement to mitigate its exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates for a total notional amount of $100.0 million. Under the interest rate swap agreement, the Company paid a fixed interest rate of 0.99% and received a floating rate based on the prevailing one-month LIBOR.
Swaps contain varying degrees of off-balance sheet risk which could result from changes in the market values of underlying assets, indices or interest rates and similar items. As a result, the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities at any given date may not reflect the total amount of potential losses that the Company could ultimately incur.
In August 2011, the Company terminated the interest rate swap agreement and realized a loss of $1.3 million, which included a reclassification of $0.8 million of prior unrealized depreciation.
On April 12, 2011, the Company issued $152 million of unsecured convertible senior notes (“Convertible Notes”), including $2 million issued to Leonard M. Tannenbaum, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated April 12, 2011 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (the “Trustee”).
The Convertible Notes mature on April 1, 2016 (the “Maturity Date”), unless previously converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.375% per year payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing on October 1, 2011. The Convertible Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness (including existing unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries or financing vehicles.
Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding January 1, 2016, holders may convert their Convertible Notes only under certain circumstances set forth in the Indenture, such as during specified periods when the Company’s shares of common stock trade at more than 110% of the then applicable conversion price or the Convertible Notes trade at less than 98% of their conversion value. On or after January 1, 2016 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the Maturity Date, holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time. Upon conversion, the Company will deliver shares of its common stock. The conversion rate was initially, and currently is, 67.7415 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $14.76 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, including for any cash dividends or distributions paid on shares of the Company’s common stock in excess of a monthly dividend of $0.1066 per share, but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if certain corporate events occur prior to the Maturity Date, the conversion rate will be increased for converting holders. Based on the current conversion rate, the maximum number of shares of common stock that would be issued upon conversion of the $124.0 million convertible debt outstanding at March 31, 2012 is 8,399,946. If the Company delivers shares of common stock upon a conversion at the time that net asset value per share exceeds the conversion price in effect at such time, the Company’s
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stockholders may incur dilution. In addition, the Company’s stockholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage of common stock upon the issuance of common stock in connection with the conversion of the Company’s convertible senior notes and any dividends paid on common stock will also be paid on shares issued in connection with such conversion after such issuance. The shares of common stock issued upon a conversion are not subject to registration rights.
The Company may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to maturity. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes. In addition, if certain corporate events occur in respect of the Company, holders of the Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest through, but excluding, the required repurchase date.
The Indenture contains certain covenants, including covenants requiring the Company to provide financial information to the holders of the Convertible Notes, and the Trustee if the Company ceases to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These covenants are subject to limitations and exceptions that are described in the Indenture.
Interest expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 was $1.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, related to the Convertible Notes.
The Company may repurchase the Convertible Notes in accordance with the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Any Convertible Notes repurchased by the Company may, at the Company’s option, be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation, but may not be reissued or resold by the Company. Any Convertible Notes surrendered for cancellation will be promptly cancelled and no longer outstanding under the Indenture. During the six months ended March 31, 2012, the Company repurchased $11.0 million principal of the Convertible Notes in the open market for an aggregate purchase price of $9.4 million and surrendered them to the Trustee for cancellation. The Company recorded a gain on the extinguishment of these Convertible Notes in the amount of the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount, net of the proportionate amount of unamortized debt issuance costs. The net gain recorded was $1.3 million.
As of March 31, 2012, there were $124.0 million Convertible Notes outstanding, which had a fair value of $118.0 million.
The Company’s management evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no subsequent events that occurred during such period that would require disclosure in, or would be required to be recognized in, the Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the six months ended March 31, 2012.
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The following discussion should be read in connection with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
Some of the statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements because they relate to future events or our future performance or financial condition. The forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q may include statements as to:
our future operating results and dividend projections;
our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;
the impact of the investments that we expect to make;
the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;
our expected financings and investments;
the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital; and
the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies.
In addition, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “project” and “intend” indicate forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. The forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those implied or expressed in the forward-looking statements for any reason, including the factors set forth in “Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2011 and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012. Other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include:
changes in the economy and the financial markets;
risks associated with possible disruption in our operations or the economy generally due to terrorism or natural disasters;
future changes in laws or regulations (including the interpretation of these laws and regulations by regulatory authorities) and conditions in our operating areas, particularly with respect to business development companies, small business investment companies, or SBICs, and regulated investment companies, or RICs; and
other considerations that may be disclosed from time to time in our publicly disseminated documents and filings.
We have based the forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q on information available to us on the date of this quarterly report, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Although we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we in the future may file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.
Except as otherwise specified, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” refer to Fifth Street Finance Corp.
All amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts, percentages and as otherwise indicated.
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Overview
We are a specialty finance company that lends to and invests in small and mid-sized companies primarily in connection with investments by private equity sponsors. Our investment objective is to maximize our portfolio’s total return by generating current income from our debt investments and capital appreciation from our equity investments.
We were formed as a Delaware limited partnership (Fifth Street Mezzanine Partners III, L.P.) on February 15, 2007. Effective as of January 2, 2008, Fifth Street Mezzanine Partners III, L.P. merged with and into Fifth Street Finance Corp. At the time of the merger, all outstanding partnership interests in Fifth Street Mezzanine Partners III, L.P. were exchanged for 12,480,972 shares of common stock in Fifth Street Finance Corp.
On June 17, 2008, we completed an initial public offering of 10,000,000 shares of our common stock at the offering price of $14.12 per share. Our stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange until November 28, 2011 when the Company transferred the listing to the NASDAQ Global Select Market, where it continues to trade under the symbol “FSC”.
Current Market Conditions
Since mid-2007, the global financial markets have experienced stress, volatility, illiquidity and disruption. This turmoil appears to have peaked in the fall of 2008, resulting in several major financial institutions becoming insolvent, being acquired, or receiving government assistance. While the turmoil in the financial markets appears to have abated somewhat, the global economy continues to experience economic uncertainty. Economic uncertainty impacts our business in many ways, including changing spreads, structures and purchase multiples as well as the overall supply of investment capital.
Despite the economic uncertainty, our deal pipeline remains robust, with high quality transactions backed by private equity sponsors in small to mid-sized companies. As always, we remain cautious in selecting new investment opportunities, and will only deploy capital in deals which are consistent with our disciplined philosophy of pursuing superior risk-adjusted returns.
As evidenced by our recent investment activities, we expect to grow the business in part by increasing the average investment size when and where appropriate. Although we believe that we currently have sufficient capital available to fund investments, a prolonged period of market disruptions may cause us to reduce the volume of loans we originate and/or fund, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In this regard, because our common stock has at times traded at a price below our then current net asset value per share and we are limited in our ability to sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share, we may be limited in our ability to raise equity capital.
Critical Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions affecting amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. We have identified investment valuation and revenue recognition as our most critical accounting estimates. We continuously evaluate our estimates, including those related to the matters described below. These estimates are based on the information that is currently available to us and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. A discussion of our critical accounting policies follows.
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Investment Valuation
We are required to report our investments that are not publicly traded or for which current market values are not readily available at fair value. The fair value is deemed to be the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Under the market approach, we estimate the enterprise value of the portfolio companies in which we invest. There is no one methodology to estimate enterprise value and, in fact, for any one portfolio company, enterprise value is best expressed as a range of fair values from which we derive a single estimate of enterprise value. To estimate the enterprise value of a portfolio company, we analyze various factors, including the portfolio company’s historical and projected financial results. Typically, private companies are valued based on multiples of EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization), cash flows, net income, revenues, or in limited cases, book value. We generally require portfolio companies to provide annual audited and quarterly and monthly unaudited financial statements, as well as annual projections for the upcoming fiscal year.
Under the income approach, we generally prepare and analyze discounted cash flow models based on our projections of the future free cash flows of the business.
Under the bond yield approach, we use bond yield models to determine the present value of the future cash flow streams of our debt investments. We review various sources of transactional data, including private mergers and acquisitions involving debt investments with similar characteristics, and assess the information in the valuation process.
Our Board of Directors undertakes a multi-step valuation process each quarter in connection with determining the fair value of our investments:
Our quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by our finance department;
Preliminary valuations are then reviewed and discussed with the principals of our investment adviser;
Separately, independent valuation firms engaged by our Board of Directors prepare preliminary valuations on a selected basis and submit reports to us;
Our finance department compares and contrasts its preliminary valuations to the preliminary valuations of the independent valuation firms;
Our finance department prepares a valuation report for the Valuation Committee of our Board of Directors;
The Valuation Committee of our Board of Directors is apprised of the preliminary valuations of the independent valuation firms;
The Valuation Committee of our Board of Directors reviews the preliminary valuations, and our finance department responds and supplements the preliminary valuations to reflect any comments provided by the Valuation Committee;
The Valuation Committee of our Board of Directors makes a recommendation to the Board of Directors; and
Our Board of Directors discusses valuations and determines the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith.
The fair value of all of our investments at March 31, 2012, and September 30, 2011, was determined by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors is solely responsible for the valuation of our portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to our valuation policy and our consistently applied valuation process.
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Our Board of Directors has authorized the engagement of independent valuation firms to provide us with valuation assistance. Upon completion of their processes each quarter, the independent valuation firms provide us with written reports regarding the preliminary valuations of selected portfolio securities as of the close of such quarter. We will continue to engage independent valuation firms to provide us with assistance regarding our determination of the fair value of selected portfolio securities each quarter; however, our Board of Directors is ultimately and solely responsible for determining the fair value of our investments in good faith. We intend to have a portion of the portfolio valued by an independent third party on a quarterly basis, with a substantial portion being valued on an annual basis.
The portions of our portfolio valued, as a percentage of the portfolio at fair value, by independent valuation firms by period were as follows:
For the quarter ending December 31, 2007
For the quarter ending March 31, 2008
For the quarter ending June 30, 2008
For the quarter ending September 30, 2008
For the quarter ending December 31, 2008
For the quarter ending March 31, 2009
For the quarter ending June 30, 2009
For the quarter ending September 30, 2009
For the quarter ending December 31, 2009
For the quarter ending March 31, 2010
For the quarter ending June 30, 2010
For the quarter ending September 30, 2010
For the quarter ending December 31, 2010
For the quarter ending March 31, 2011
For the quarter ending June 30, 2011
For the quarter ending September 30, 2011
For the quarter ending December 31, 2011
For the quarter ending March 31, 2012
As of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011, approximately 88.5% and 92.6%, respectively, of our total assets represented investments in portfolio companies valued at fair value.
Revenue Recognition
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest income, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of original issue discount, is recorded on the accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. We stop accruing interest on investments when it is determined that interest is no longer collectible. Distributions from portfolio companies are recorded as dividend income when the distribution is received.
Fee Income
We receive a variety of fees in the ordinary course of business. Certain fees, such as some origination fees, are capitalized and amortized in accordance with ASC 310-20 Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. In accordance with ASC 820, the net unearned fee income balance is netted against the cost and fair value of the
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respective investments. Other fees, such as servicing fees, are classified as fee income and recognized as they are earned on a monthly basis.
We have also structured exit fees across certain of our portfolio investments to be received upon the future exit of those investments. Exit fees are payable upon the exit of a debt security. These fees are to be paid to us upon the sooner to occur of (i) a sale of the borrower or substantially all of the assets of the borrower, (ii) the maturity date of the loan or (iii) the date when full prepayment of the loan occurs. The receipt of such fees is contingent upon the occurrence of one of the events listed above for each of the investments. A percentage of these fees is included in net investment income over the life of the loan. As of March 31, 2012, we had structured $6.4 million in aggregate exit fees across 9 portfolio investments upon the future exit of those investments.
Payment-in-Kind (PIK) Interest
Our loans typically contain contractual PIK interest provisions. The PIK interest, which represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance that is generally due at the end of the loan term, is generally recorded on the accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. We generally cease accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or if we do not expect the portfolio company to be able to pay all principal and interest due. Our decision to cease accruing PIK interest involves subjective judgments and determinations based on available information about a particular portfolio company, including whether the portfolio company is current with respect to its payment of principal and interest on its loans and debt securities; monthly and quarterly financial statements and financial projections for the portfolio company; our assessment of the portfolio company’s business development success, including product development, profitability and the portfolio company’s overall adherence to its business plan; information obtained by us in connection with periodic formal update interviews with the portfolio company’s management and, if appropriate, the private equity sponsor; and information about the general economic and market conditions in which the portfolio company operates. Based on this and other information, we determine whether to cease accruing PIK interest on a loan or debt security. Our determination to cease accruing PIK interest on a loan or debt security is generally made well before our full write-down of such loan or debt security. In addition, if it is subsequently determined that we will not be able to collect any previously accrued PIK interest, the fair value of our loans or debt securities would decline by the amount of such previously accrued, but uncollectible, PIK interest.
For a discussion of risks we are subject to as a result of our use of PIK interest in connection with our investments, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure — We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income,” “— We may in the future choose to pay dividends in our own stock, in which case you may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash you receive” and “— Our incentive fee may induce our investment adviser to make speculative investments” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2011. In addition, if it is subsequently determined that we will not be able to collect any previously accrued PIK interest, the fair value of our loans or debt securities would decline by the amount of such previously accrued, but uncollectible, PIK interest. The accrual of PIK interest on our debt investments increases the recorded cost basis of these investments in our consolidated financial statements and, as a result, increases the cost basis of these investments for purposes of computing the capital gains incentive fee payable by us to our investment adviser.
To maintain our status as a RIC, PIK income must be paid out to our stockholders in the form of dividends even though we have not yet collected the cash and may never collect the cash relating to the PIK interest. Accumulated PIK interest was $27.2 million and represented 2.6% of the fair value of our portfolio of investments as of March 31, 2012 and $22.7 million or 2.0% as of September 30, 2011. The net increase in loan balances as a result of contracted PIK arrangements are separately identified in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
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Portfolio Composition
Our investments principally consist of loans, purchased equity investments and equity grants in privately-held companies. Our loans are typically secured by either a first or second lien on the assets of the portfolio company and generally have terms of up to six years (but an expected average life of between three and four years). We are currently focusing our origination efforts on a prudent mix of first lien, second lien and subordinated loans which we believe will provide superior risk-adjusted returns while maintaining adequate credit protection.
A summary of the composition of our investment portfolio at cost and fair value as a percentage of total investments is shown in the following tables:
The industry composition of our portfolio at cost and fair value as a percentage of total investments were as follows:
Oil & gas equipment & services
Construction & engineering
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Portfolio Asset Quality
We employ a grading system to assess and monitor the credit risk of our investment portfolio. We rate all investments on a scale from 1 to 5. The system is intended to reflect the performance of the borrower’s business, the collateral coverage of the loan, and other factors considered relevant to making a credit judgment. We have determined that there should be an individual rating assigned to each tranche of securities in the same portfolio company where appropriate. This may arise when the perceived risk of loss on the investment varies significantly between tranches due to their respective seniority in the capital structure.
Investment Rating 1 is used for investments that are performing above expectations and/or a capital gain is expected.
Investment Rating 2 is used for investments that are performing substantially within our expectations, and whose risks remain neutral or favorable compared to the potential risk at the time of the original investment. All new investments are initially rated 2.
Investment Rating 3 is used for investments that are performing below our expectations and that require closer monitoring, but where we expect no loss of investment return (interest and/or dividends) or principal. Companies with a rating of 3 may be out of compliance with financial covenants.
Investment Rating 4 is used for investments that are performing below our expectations and for which risk has increased materially since the original investment. We expect some loss of investment return, but no loss of principal.
Investment Rating 5 is used for investments that are performing substantially below our expectations and whose risks have increased substantially since the original investment. Investments with a rating of 5 are those for which some loss of principal is expected.
The following table shows the distribution of our investments on the 1 to 5 investment rating scale at fair value, as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011:
LeverageRatio
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We may from time to time modify the payment terms of our investments, either in response to current economic conditions and their impact on certain of our portfolio companies or in accordance with tier pricing provisions in certain loan agreements. As of March 31, 2012, we had modified the payment terms of our investments in 9 portfolio companies. Such modified terms may include increased PIK interest provisions and reduced cash interest rates. These modifications, and any future modifications to our loan agreements, may limit the amount of interest income that we recognize from the modified investments, which may, in turn, limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Loans and Debt Securities on Non-Accrual Status
As of March 31, 2012, we had stopped accruing cash and/or PIK interest and original issue discount (“OID”) on four investments, three of which had not paid all of their scheduled cash interest payments for the period ended March 31, 2012. As of March 31, 2011, we had stopped accruing cash interest, PIK interest and OID on three investments that had not paid all of their scheduled cash interest payments for the period ended March 31, 2011.
Cash non-accrual status is inclusive of PIK and other noncash income, where applicable. The percentage of our portfolio investments at cost and fair value by accrual status as of March 31, 2012, September 30, 2011 and March 31, 2011 was as follows:
The non-accrual status of our portfolio investments as of March 31, 2012, September 30, 2011 and March 31, 2011 was as follows:
Traffic Control & Safety Corp. — Second Lien & Subordinated Term Loans
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Discussion and Analysis of Results and Operations
Results of Operations
The principal measure of our financial performance is the net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations, which includes net investment income (loss), net realized gain (loss) and net unrealized appreciation (depreciation). Net investment income is the difference between our income from interest, dividends, fees, and other investment income and total expenses. Net realized gain (loss) on investments is the difference between the proceeds received from dispositions of portfolio investments and their stated costs. Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is the net change in the fair value of our investment portfolio and interest rate swap.
Comparison of the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011
Total Investment Income
Total investment income includes interest and dividend income on our investments, fee income and other investment income. Fee income consists principally of loan and arrangement fees, administrative fees, unused fees, amendment fees, equity structuring fees, exit fees, prepayment fees and waiver fees. Other investment income consists primarily of dividend income received from certain of our equity investments.
Total investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 was $42.1 million and $29.7 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, this amount primarily consisted of $32.0 million of interest income from portfolio investments (which included $2.9 million of PIK interest) and $10.1 million of fee income. For the three months ended March 31, 2011, this amount primarily consisted of $25.8 million of interest income from portfolio investments (which included $3.5 million of PIK interest) and $3.9 million of fee income.
Total investment income for the six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 was $81.6 million and $55.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended March 31, 2012, this amount primarily consisted of $65.5 million of interest income from portfolio investments (which included $6.3 million of PIK interest) and $16.0 million of fee income. For the six months ended March 31, 2011, this amount primarily consisted of $46.6 million of interest income from portfolio investments (which included $6.6 million of PIK interest) and $8.4 million of fee income.
The increase in our total investment income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 as compared to the three and six months ended March 31, 2011 was primarily attributable to a higher average level of outstanding debt investments, which was principally due to a net increase of seven debt investments in our portfolio and fee income related to debt payoffs, partially offset by amortization payments received and a decrease in the weighted average yield on our debt investments from 12.84% to 12.37% during the year-over-year period.
Expenses
Expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 were $19.3 million and $13.1 million, respectively. Expenses increased for the three months ended March 31, 2012 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011 by $6.2 million. This was due primarily to increases in:
Base management fee, which was attributable to a 12.4% increase in the fair value of the investment portfolio due to an increase in net investment fundings in the year-over-year period;
Incentive fee, which was attributable to a 37.7% increase in pre-incentive fee net investment income for the year-over-year period; and
Interest expense, which was attributable to an 86.2% increase in weighted average debt outstanding for the year-over-year period.
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Expenses for the six months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 were $39.1 million and $24.4 million, respectively. Expenses increased for the six months ended March 31, 2012 as compared to the six months ended March 31, 2011 by $14.7 million. This was due primarily to increases in:
Base management fee, which was attributable to the increase in the fair value of the investment portfolio discussed above;
Incentive fee, which was attributable to a 43.0% increase in pre-incentive fee net investment income for the year-over-year period; and
Interest expense, which was attributable to an 162.8% increase in weighted average debt outstanding for the year-over-year period. The significant increase in debt outstanding for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 as compared to the three and six months ended March 31, 2011 is attributable to our ability to obtain attractively priced debt to finance our investment operations.
Gain on Extinguishment of Convertible Senior Notes
During the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we repurchased $0.5 million and $11.0 million, respectively, of our Convertible Notes in the open market and surrendered them to the Trustee for cancellation. The aggregate purchase price of these Convertible Notes was $9.4 million. As such we recorded a gain in the amount of the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of these Convertible Notes, net of the proportionate amount of unamortized debt issuance costs. The net gain on extinguishment of debt we recorded was $1.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2012. Because this net gain was included in the amount that must be distributed to our stockholders in order for us to maintain our RIC status and is classified as a component of net investment income in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, such net gain was included in “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” for purposes of the payment of the income incentive fee to the Investment Adviser under our investment advisory agreement.
Net Investment Income
As a result of the $12.4 million increase in total investment income as compared to the $6.2 million increase in total expenses, net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 reflected a $6.2 million, or 37.7%, increase compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011.
As a result of the $26.6 million increase in total investment income and the $1.3 million gain on extinguishment of debt, as compared to the $14.7 million increase in total expenses, net investment income for the six months ended March 31, 2012 reflected a $13.2 million, or 43.0%, increase compared to the six months ended March 31, 2011.
Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments and Interest Rate Swap
Realized gain (loss) is the difference between the proceeds received from dispositions of portfolio investments and interest rate swaps and their stated costs. Realized losses may also be recorded in connection with our determination that certain investments are considered worthless securities and/or meet the conditions for loss recognition per the applicable tax rules.
During the six months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded investment realization events, including the following:
In November 2011, we recorded a realized loss in the amount of $18.1 million as a result of a Delaware bankruptcy court judge ruling which confirmed a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization that provided no recovery on our investment in Premier Trailer Leasing, Inc.;
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In November 2011, we received a cash payment of $20.2 million from IZI Medical Products, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and we received an additional $1.3 million proceeds from our equity investment, realizing a gain of $0.8 million;
In December 2011, we received a cash payment of $23.0 million from ADAPCO, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2011, we received a cash payment of $2.0 million from Best Vinyl Fence & Deck, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations related to the Term Loan A under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2011, we received a cash payment of $9.2 million from Actient Pharmaceuticals LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2011, we sold $4.0 million of our $10.0 million debt investment in Bojangles and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2011, we sold $2.0 million of our $11.5 million debt investment in US Collections, Inc. and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In January 2012, we received a cash payment of $18.5 million from IOS Acquisitions, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In February 2012, we received a cash payment of $2.1 million from O’Currance, Inc. The debt investment was exited below par and we recorded a realized loss in the amount of $10.7 million on this transaction;
In February 2012, we received a cash payment of $25.0 million from Ernest Health, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In March 2012, we received a cash payment of $47.7 million from CRGT, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In March 2012, we received a cash payment of $24.5 million from Epic Acquisition, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In March 2012, we received a cash payment of $48.8 million from Dominion Diagnostics, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited above par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction; and
In March 2012, we received a cash payment of $5.0 million from Genoa Healthcare Holdings, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the senior loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par (including associated fees) and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction.
During the six months ended March 31, 2011, we recorded investment realization events, including the following:
In October 2010, we received a cash payment of $8.7 million from Goldco, Inc. in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In November 2010, we received a cash payment of $11.0 million from TBA Global, LLC in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
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In November 2010, we restructured our investment in Vanguard Vinyl, Inc. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, we recorded a realized loss in the amount of $1.7 million in accordance with ASC 470-50;
In December 2010, we restructured our investment in Nicos Polymers & Grinding, Inc. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, we recorded a realized loss in the amount of $3.9 million in accordance with ASC 470-50;
In December 2010, we received a cash payment of $25.3 million from Boot Barn in full satisfaction of all obligations under the loan agreement. The debt investment was exited at par and no realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2010, we received a cash payment of $11.7 million from Western Emulsions, Inc. in partial satisfaction of the obligations under the loan agreement. No realized gain or loss was recorded on this transaction;
In December 2010, we restructured our investment in Lighting by Gregory, LLC. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, we recorded a realized loss in the amount of $7.8 million in accordance with ASC 470-50; and
In March 2011, we received a cash payment of $5.0 million from AmBath/ReBath Holdings, Inc. as part of a restructuring of the loan agreement. The restructuring resulted in a material modification of the terms of the loan agreement. As such, we recorded a realized loss in the amount of $0.3 million in accordance with ASC 470-50.
Net Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation on Investments and Interest Rate Swap
Net unrealized appreciation or depreciation is the net change in the fair value of our investments and interest rate swap during the reporting period, including the reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation when gains or losses are realized.
During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded net unrealized appreciation of $8.0 million. This consisted of $10.6 million of net reclassifications from unrealized depreciation to realized losses on our investments and $0.4 million of net unrealized appreciation on equity investments, offset by $3.0 million of net unrealized depreciation on debt investments. During the three months ended March 31, 2011, we recorded net unrealized depreciation of $0.4 million. This consisted of $1.4 million of net unrealized depreciation of equity investments, offset by $0.2 million of net unrealized appreciation on debt investments, $0.6 million of net reclassifications from unrealized depreciation to realized losses and $0.2 million of net unrealized appreciation on our interest rate swap.
During the six months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded net unrealized appreciation of $13.9 million. This consisted of $27.7 million of net reclassifications from unrealized depreciation to realized losses on our investments and $1.8 million of net unrealized appreciation on equity investments, offset by $15.6 million of net unrealized depreciation on debt investments. During the six months ended March 31, 2011, we recorded net unrealized appreciation of $16.5 million. This consisted of $10.9 million of net reclassifications from unrealized depreciation to realized losses on our investments, $5.7 million of net unrealized appreciation on debt investments and $1.0 million of net unrealized appreciation on our interest rate swap, offset by $1.1 million of net unrealized depreciation on equity investments.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows
We have a number of alternatives available to fund the growth of our investment portfolio and our operations, including, but not limited to, raising equity, increasing debt and funding from operational cash flow. Additionally, we may reduce investment size by syndicating a portion of any given transaction. We intend to fund our future distribution obligations through operating cash flow or with funds obtained through future equity and debt offerings or credit facilities, as we deem appropriate.
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For the six months ended March 31, 2012, we experienced a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $47.5 million. During that period, we had $94.8 million of cash provided by operating activities, primarily from $265.3 million of principal payments, PIK payments and sale proceeds received and $43.8 million of net investment income, offset by the funding of $204.3 million of investments and net revolvers. During the same period cash used by financing activities was $47.3 million, primarily consisting of $90.5 million of net repayments under our credit facilities, $45.4 million of cash dividends paid, $9.4 million of net repurchases of our convertible senior notes and $2.0 million of deferred financing costs paid, partially offset by $100.7 million of proceeds from the issuance of our common stock.
For the six months ended March 31, 2011, we experienced a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $38.2 million. During that period, we used $342.6 million of cash in operating activities, primarily for the funding of $452.7 million of investments and net revolvers, partially offset by $79.1 million of principal payments and PIK payments received and $30.6 million of net investment income. During the same period, cash provided by financing activities was $304.4 million, primarily consisting of $134.0 million of net borrowings under our credit facilities, $65.3 million of SBA borrowings and $143.9 million of proceeds from the issuance of our common stock, partially offset by $34.0 million of cash dividends paid and $4.3 million of deferred financing costs paid.
As of March 31, 2012, we had $115.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, portfolio investments (at fair value) of $1.06 billion, $6.8 million of interest and fees receivable, $150.0 million of SBA debentures payable, $87.5 million of borrowings outstanding under our credit facilities, $124.0 million of convertible senior notes payable and unfunded commitments of $94.4 million.
As of September 30, 2011, we had $67.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, portfolio investments (at fair value) of $1.12 billion, $6.8 million of interest and fees receivable, $150.0 million of SBA debentures payable, $178.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our credit facilities, $135.0 million of convertible senior notes payable and unfunded commitments of $108.8 million.
Other Sources of Liquidity
We intend to continue to generate cash primarily from cash flows from operations, including interest earned, future borrowings and future offerings of securities. In the future, we may also securitize a portion of our investments in first and second lien senior loans or unsecured debt or other assets. To securitize loans, we would likely create a wholly-owned subsidiary and contribute a pool of loans to the subsidiary. We would then sell interests in the subsidiary on a non-recourse basis to purchasers and we would retain all or a portion of the equity in the subsidiary. Our primary use of funds is investments in our targeted asset classes and cash distributions to holders of our common stock.
Although we expect to fund the growth of our investment portfolio through the net proceeds from future equity offerings, including our dividend reinvestment plan, and issuances of senior securities or future borrowings, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, our plans to raise capital may not be successful. In this regard, because our common stock has at times traded at a price below our then-current net asset value per share and we are limited in our ability to sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share, we may be limited in our ability to raise equity capital.
In addition, we intend to distribute between 90% and 100% of our taxable income to our stockholders in order to satisfy the requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code. See “Regulated Investment Company Status and Distributions” below. Consequently, we may not have the funds or the ability to fund new investments, to make additional investments in our portfolio companies, to fund our unfunded commitments to portfolio companies or to repay borrowings. In addition, the illiquidity of our portfolio investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired and, if we are required to sell these investments, we may realize significantly less than their recorded value.
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Also, as a business development company, we generally are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets, less liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, to total senior securities, which include all of our borrowings and any outstanding preferred stock, of at least 200%. This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow. As of March 31, 2012, we were in compliance with this requirement. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our assessment of market conditions and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing, such as the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings, our ability to raise funds through the issuance of shares of our common stock and the risks of such borrowings within the context of our investment outlook. Ultimately, we only intend to use leverage if the expected returns from borrowing to make investments will exceed the cost of such borrowing. To fund growth in our investment portfolio in the future, we anticipate needing to raise additional capital from various sources, including the equity markets and the securitization or other debt-related markets, which may or may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.
Finally, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, we sought and obtained a license from the SBA to operate an SBIC. In this regard, on February 3, 2010, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Fifth Street Mezzanine Partners IV, L.P., received a license, effective February 1, 2010, from the SBA to operate as an SBIC under Section 301(c) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958. SBICs are designated to stimulate the flow of private equity capital to eligible small businesses. Under SBA regulations, SBICs may make loans to eligible small businesses and invest in the equity securities of small businesses.
The SBIC license allows our SBIC subsidiary to obtain leverage by issuing SBA-guaranteed debentures, subject to the issuance of a capital commitment by the SBA and other customary procedures. SBA-guaranteed debentures are non-recourse, interest only debentures with interest payable semi-annually and have a ten year maturity. The principal amount of SBA-guaranteed debentures is not required to be paid prior to maturity but may be prepaid at any time without penalty. The interest rate of SBA-guaranteed debentures is fixed at the time of issuance at a market-driven spread over U.S. Treasury Notes with 10-year maturities.
SBA regulations currently limit the amount that our SBIC subsidiary may borrow to a maximum of $150 million when it has at least $75 million in regulatory capital, receives a capital commitment from the SBA and has been through an examination by the SBA subsequent to licensing. As of March 31, 2012, our SBIC subsidiary had $75 million in regulatory capital. The SBA has issued a capital commitment to our SBIC subsidiary in the amount of $150 million, and $150.0 million of SBA debentures were outstanding as of March 31, 2012 that had a fair value of $126.2 million. These debentures bear interest at a weighted average interest rate of 3.567% (excluding the SBA annual charge), as follows:
We have received exemptive relief from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) to permit us to exclude the debt of the SBIC subsidiary guaranteed by the SBA from the definition of senior securities in the 200% asset coverage test under the 1940 Act. This allows us increased flexibility under the 200% asset coverage test by permitting us to borrow up to $150 million more than we would otherwise be able to absent the receipt of this exemptive relief.
We have also submitted an application to the SBA for a second SBIC license. On May 27, 2011, we received a letter from the Investment Division of the SBA that invited us to continue moving forward with this application. If approved, this license would provide us with the capability to issue an additional $75 million of SBA-guaranteed debentures beyond the $150 million of SBA-guaranteed debentures we, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, currently have the ability to issue. However, there are no assurances that we will be successful in obtaining a second SBIC license from the SBA. If we are able to successfully obtain such an additional SBIC license, we would have similar relief from the 200% asset coverage ratio limitation as described above with respect to the SBIC debt securities issued by such SBIC subsidiary.
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Significant capital transactions that occurred since October 1, 2010
The following table reflects the dividend distributions per share that our Board of Directors has declared and we have paid, including shares issued under our DRIP, on our common stock since October 1, 2010:
Record Date
Payment Date
November 30, 2010
January 30, 2011
May 2, 2011
August 1, 2011
November 10, 2011
February 7, 2012
The following table reflects share transactions that occurred from October 1, 2010 through March 31, 2012:
Borrowings
On November 16, 2009, we and Fifth Street Funding, LLC, a consolidated wholly-owned bankruptcy remote special purpose subsidiary (“Funding”), entered into a Loan and Servicing Agreement (“Wells Agreement”) with respect to a three-year credit facility (“Wells Fargo facility”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”), as successor to Wachovia Bank, National Association (“Wachovia”), Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as administrative agent, each of the additional institutional and conduit lenders party thereto from time to time, and each of the lender agents party thereto from time to time, in the amount of $50 million,
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with an accordion feature which allowed for potential future expansion of the facility up to $100 million. The facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 4.0% per annum and had a maturity date of November 16, 2012.
On May 26, 2010, we amended the Wells Fargo facility to expand the borrowing capacity under that facility. Pursuant to the amendment, we received an additional $50 million commitment, thereby increasing the size of the facility from $50 million to $100 million, with an accordion feature that allows for potential future expansion of that facility from a total of $100 million up to a total of $150 million. In addition, the interest rate of the Wells Fargo facility was reduced from LIBOR plus 4% per annum to LIBOR plus 3.5% per annum, with no LIBOR floor, and the maturity date of the facility was extended from November 16, 2012 to May 26, 2013.
On November 5, 2010, we amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, provide for the issuance from time to time of letters of credit for the benefit of our portfolio companies. The letters of credit are subject to certain restrictions, including a borrowing base limitation and an aggregate sublimit of $15.0 million. On February 28, 2011, we amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, (i) reduce the interest rate to LIBOR plus 3.0% per annum, with no LIBOR floor, (ii) extend the period during which we may make new borrowings under the facility to February 25, 2013, and (iii) extend the maturity date of the facility to February 25, 2014. The facility may be extended for up to two additional years upon the mutual consent of Wells Fargo and each of the lender parties thereto. On November 30, 2011, we amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, reduce the interest rate to LIBOR plus 2.75% per annum, with no LIBOR floor. On April 23, 2012, we amended the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, expand the borrowing capacity under the facility. Pursuant to the amendment, we received an additional $50 million commitment, thereby increasing the size of the facility to $150 million, with an accordion feature which allows for future expansion of the facility up to a total of $250 million. In addition, the period during which we may make and reinvest borrowings under the facility was extended to April 23, 2014 and the maturity date of the facility was extended to April 25, 2016.
In connection with the Wells Fargo facility, we concurrently entered into (i) a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Funding, pursuant to which we will sell to Funding certain loan assets we have originated or acquired, or will originate or acquire and (ii) a Pledge Agreement with Wells Fargo, pursuant to which we pledged all of our equity interests in Funding as security for the payment of Funding’s obligations under the Wells Agreement and other documents entered into in connection with the Wells Fargo facility. Funding was formed for the sole purpose of entering into the Wells Fargo facility and has no other operations.
The Wells Agreement and related agreements governing the Wells Fargo facility required both Funding and us to, among other things (i) make representations and warranties regarding the collateral as well as each of our businesses, (ii) agree to certain indemnification obligations and (iii) comply with various covenants, servicing procedures, limitations on acquiring and disposing of assets, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. The Wells Fargo facility agreements also include usual and customary default provisions such as the failure to make timely payments under the facility, a change in control of Funding, and the failure by Funding or us to materially perform under the Wells Agreement and related agreements governing the facility, which, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the facility, thereby materially and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
The Wells Fargo facility is secured by all of the assets of Funding, and all of our equity interest in Funding. We use the Wells Fargo facility to fund a portion of our loan origination activities and for general corporate purposes. Each loan origination under the facility is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. We cannot be assured that Funding will be able to borrow funds under the Wells Fargo facility at any particular time or at all. As of March 31, 2012, we had $7.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Wells Fargo facility that had a fair value of $7.0 million. Our borrowings under the Wells Fargo facility bore interest at a weighted average interest rate of 3.130% during the six months ended March 31, 2012. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded interest expense of $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, related to the Wells Fargo facility.
On May 27, 2010, we entered into a three-year secured syndicated revolving credit facility (“ING facility”) pursuant to a Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement (“ING Credit Agreement”) with certain lenders party thereto from time to time and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent. The ING facility allowed for us to
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borrow money at a rate of either (i) LIBOR plus 3.5% per annum or (ii) 2.5% per annum plus an alternate base rate based on the greatest of the Prime Rate, Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% per annum or LIBOR plus 1% per annum, and had a maturity date of May 27, 2013. The ING facility also allowed us to request letters of credit from ING Capital LLC, as the issuing bank. The initial commitment under the ING facility was $90 million, and the ING facility included an accordion feature that allows for potential future expansion of the facility up to a total of $150 million. The ING facility is secured by substantially all of our assets, as well as the assets of our wholly-owned subsidiary, FSFC Holdings, Inc., and our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC, subject to certain exclusions for, among other things, equity interests in our SBIC subsidiary and equity interests in Funding and Fifth Street Funding II, LLC as further set forth in a Guarantee, Pledge and Security Agreement (“ING Security Agreement”) entered into in connection with the ING Credit Agreement, among FSFC Holdings, Inc., ING Capital LLC, as collateral agent, and us. Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC and FSFC Holdings, Inc. were formed to hold certain of our portfolio companies for tax purposes and have no other operations. None of our SBIC subsidiary, Funding or Fifth Street Funding II, LLC is party to the ING facility and their respective assets have not been pledged in connection therewith. The ING facility provides that we may use the proceeds and letters of credit under the facility for general corporate purposes, including acquiring and funding leveraged loans, mezzanine loans, high-yield securities, convertible securities, preferred stock, common stock and other investments.
On February 22, 2011, we amended the ING facility to, among other things, expand the borrowing capacity to $215 million. In addition, the ING facility’s accordion feature was increased to allow for potential future expansion up to a total of $300 million and the maturity date was extended to February 22, 2014. On July 8, 2011, we amended the ING facility to, among other things, expand the borrowing capacity to $230 million and increase the accordion feature to allow for potential future expansion up to a total of $350 million. In addition, the ING facility’s interest rate was reduced to LIBOR plus 3.0% per annum, with no LIBOR floor, when the facility is drawn more than 35%. Otherwise, the interest rate will be LIBOR plus 3.25% per annum, with no LIBOR floor.
On February 29, 2012, we amended the ING facility to, among other things, (i) extend the period during which we may make and repay borrowings under the ING facility to February 27, 2015, (ii) extend the maturity date to February 29, 2016 and (iii) increase the accordion feature to allow for potential future expansion up to a total of $450 million.
Pursuant to the ING Security Agreement, FSFC Holdings, Inc. and Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC guaranteed the obligations under the ING Security Agreement, including our obligations to the lenders and the administrative agent under the ING Credit Agreement. Additionally, we pledged our entire equity interest in FSFC Holdings, Inc. and FSFC Holdings, Inc. pledged its entire equity interest in Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC to the collateral agent pursuant to the terms of the ING Security Agreement.
The ING Credit Agreement and related agreements governing the ING facility required FSFC Holdings, Inc., Fifth Street Fund of Funds LLC and us to, among other things (i) make representations and warranties regarding the collateral as well as each of our businesses, (ii) agree to certain indemnification obligations and (iii) agree to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. The ING facility documents also include usual and customary default provisions such as the failure to make timely payments under the facility, the occurrence of a change in control, and the failure by us to materially perform under the ING Credit Agreement and related agreements governing the facility, which, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the facility, thereby materially and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
Each loan or letter of credit originated under the ING facility is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. We cannot be assured that we will be able to borrow funds under the ING facility at any particular time or at all.
As of March 31, 2012, we had $80.5 million of borrowings outstanding under the ING facility that had a fair value of $80.5 million. Our borrowings under the ING facility bore interest at a weighted average interest rate of
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3.403% during the six months ended March 31, 2012. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded interest expense of $1.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively, related to the ING facility.
On September 16, 2011, Fifth Street Funding II, LLC, a consolidated wholly-owned bankruptcy remote, special purpose subsidiary (“Funding II”), entered into a Loan and Servicing Agreement (“Sumitomo Agreement”) with respect to a seven-year credit facility (“Sumitomo facility”) with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (“SMBC”), an affiliate of Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc., as administrative agent, and each of the lenders from time to time party thereto, in the amount of $200 million. The Sumitomo facility bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum with no LIBOR floor, permits us to make new norrowings until September 16, 2014, matures on September 16, 2018 and includes an option for a one-year extension.
In connection with the Sumitomo facility, we concurrently entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Funding II, pursuant to which we will sell to Funding II certain loan assets we have originated or acquired, or will originate or acquire.
The Sumitomo Agreement and related agreements governing the Sumitomo facility required both Funding II and us to, among other things (i) make representations and warranties regarding the collateral as well as each of our businesses, (ii) agree to certain indemnification obligations and (iii) comply with various covenants, servicing procedures, limitations on acquiring and disposing of assets, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. The Sumitomo facility agreements also include usual and customary default provisions such as the failure to make timely payments under the facility, a change in control of Funding II, and the failure by Funding II or us to materially perform under the Sumitomo Agreement and related agreements governing the Sumitomo facility, which, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the facility, thereby materially and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. Funding II was formed for the sole purpose of entering into the Sumitomo facility and has no other operations.
The Sumitomo facility is secured by all of the assets of Funding II. Each loan origination under the facility is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. We cannot be assured that Funding II will be able to borrow funds under the Sumitomo facility at any particular time or at all. As of March 31, 2012, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Sumitomo facility. Our borrowings under the Sumitomo facility bore interest at a weighted average interest rate of 2.773% during the six months ended March 31, 2012. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded interest expense of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to the Sumitomo facility.
As of March 31, 2012, except for assets that were funded through our SBIC subsidiary, substantially all of our assets were pledged as collateral under the Wells Fargo facility, ING facility or the Sumitomo facility. With respect to the assets funded through our SBIC subsidiary, the SBA, as a creditor, will have a superior claim to the SBIC subsidiary’s assets over our stockholders.
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The following table describes significant financial covenants with which we must comply under each of our credit facilities on a quarterly basis. The Sumitomo facility does not require us to comply with significant financial covenants.
Facility
Financial Covenant
Description
Wells Fargo facility
ING facility
Minimum
shareholders’ equity
We and our SBIC subsidiary are also subject to certain regulatory requirements relating to our borrowings. For a discussion of such requirements, see “Item 1. Business — Regulation — Business Development Company Regulations” and “— Small Business Investment Company Regulations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2011.
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The following table reflects material credit facility and SBA debenture transactions that have occurred since October 1, 2009. Amounts available and drawn are as of March 31, 2012:
Interest Rate
Amended credit facility
LIBOR + 2.75%
SBA
Sumitomo facility
On April 12, 2011, we issued $152 million unsecured convertible senior notes (“Convertible Notes”), including $2 million issued to Leonard M. Tannenbaum, our Chief Executive Officer. The Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated April 12, 2011 (the “Indenture”), between us and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (the “Trustee”).
The Convertible Notes mature on April 1, 2016 (the “Maturity Date”), unless previously converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.375% per year payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing on October 1, 2011. The Convertible Notes are our senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to our existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment to our existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of our secured indebtedness (including existing unsecured indebtedness that we later secure) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by our subsidiaries or financing vehicles.
Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding January 1, 2016, holders may convert their Convertible Notes only under certain circumstances set forth in the Indenture, such as during specified periods when our shares of common stock trade at more than 110% of the then applicable conversion price or the Convertible Notes trade at less than 98% of their conversion value. On or after January 1, 2016 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the Maturity Date, holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time. Upon conversion, we will deliver shares of our common stock. The conversion rate was initially, and currently is, 67.7415 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $14.76 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, including for any cash dividends or distributions paid on shares of our common stock in excess of a monthly dividend of $0.1066 per share, but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if certain corporate events occur prior to the Maturity Date, the conversion rate will be increased for converting holders. Based on the current conversion rate, the maximum number of shares of common stock that would be issued upon conversion of the $124.0 million convertible debt outstanding at March 31, 2012 is 8,399,946. If we deliver shares of common stock upon a conversion at the time our net asset value per share exceeds the conversion price in effect at such time, our stockholders may incur dilution. In addition, our stockholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage of our common stock upon our issuance of common stock in connection with the conversion of our convertible senior notes and any dividends paid on our common stock will also be paid on shares issued in connection with such conversion after such issuance. The shares of common stock issued upon a conversion are not subject to registration rights.
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We may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to maturity. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes. In addition, if certain corporate events occur in respect to us, holders of the Convertible Notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest through, but excluding, the required repurchase date.
The Indenture contains certain covenants, including covenants requiring us to provide financial information to the holders of the Convertible Notes and the Trustee if we cease to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These covenants are subject to limitations and exceptions that are described in the Indenture.
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded interest expense of $1.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, related to the Convertible Notes.
We may repurchase the Convertible Notes in accordance with the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Any Convertible Notes repurchased by us may, at our option, be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation, but may not be reissued or resold by us. Any Convertible Notes surrendered for cancellation will be promptly cancelled and no longer outstanding under the Indenture. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we repurchased $0.5 million and $11.0 million principal, respectively, of the Convertible Notes in the open market for an aggregate purchase price of $9.4 million and surrendered them to the Trustee for cancellation.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We may be a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of our portfolio companies. As of March 31, 2012, our only off-balance sheet arrangements consisted of $94.4 million of unfunded commitments, which was comprised of $85.5 million to provide debt financing to certain of our portfolio companies and $8.9 million related to unfunded limited partnership interests. As of September 30, 2011, our only off-balance sheet arrangements consisted of $108.8 million, which was comprised of $102.7 million to provide debt financing to certain of our portfolio companies and $6.1 million related to unfunded limited partnership interests. Such commitments are subject to our portfolio companies’ satisfaction of certain financial and nonfinancial covenants and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities and are not reflected on our Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
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A summary of the composition of unfunded commitments (consisting of revolvers, term loans and limited partnership interests) as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011 is shown in the table below:
JTC Education, Inc
Traffic Control & Safety Corp.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table reflects information pertaining to debt outstanding under the SBA debentures payable, the Wells Fargo facility, the ING facility, the Sumitomo facility and our Convertible Notes:
Convertible Notes
Total debt
The following table reflects our contractual obligations arising from the SBA debentures payable, the Wells Fargo facility, the ING facility, the Sumitomo facility, and our Convertible Notes:
Interest due on SBA debentures
Interest due on Wells Fargo facility
Interest due on ING facility
Interest due on Sumitomo facility
Interest due on convertible senior notes
Regulated Investment Company Status and Distributions
We elected, effective as of January 2, 2008, to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As long as we qualify as a RIC, we will not be taxed on our investment company taxable income or realized net capital gains, to the extent that such taxable income or gains are distributed, or deemed to be distributed, to stockholders on a timely basis.
Taxable income generally differs from net income for financial reporting purposes due to temporary and permanent differences in the recognition of income and expenses, and generally excludes net unrealized appreciation or depreciation until realized. Dividends declared and paid by us in a year may differ from taxable income for that year as such dividends may include the distribution of current year taxable income or the distribution of prior year taxable income carried forward into and distributed in the current year. Distributions also may include returns of capital.
To maintain RIC tax treatment, we must, among other things, distribute, with respect to each taxable year, at least 90% of our investment company net taxable income (i.e., our net ordinary income and our realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any). As a RIC, we are also subject to a federal excise tax, based on distributive requirements of our taxable income on a calendar year basis (e.g., calendar year 2012). We anticipate timely distribution of our taxable income within the tax rules; however, we
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incurred a de minimis U.S. federal excise tax for calendar years 2008, 2009 and 2010. We did not incur a federal excise tax for calendar year 2011 and do not expect to incur a federal excise tax for calendar year 2012. We intend to distribute to our stockholders between 90% and 100% of our annual taxable income (which includes our taxable interest and fee income). However, we are partially dependent on our SBIC subsidiary for cash distributions to enable us to meet the RIC distribution requirements. Our SBIC subsidiary may be limited by the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, and SBA regulations governing SBICs, from making certain distributions to us that may be necessary to enable us to maintain our status as a RIC. We may have to request a waiver of the SBA’s restrictions for our SBIC subsidiary to make certain distributions to maintain our RIC status. We cannot assure you that the SBA will grant such waiver. Also, the covenants under the Wells Fargo facility could, under certain circumstances, restrict Fifth Street Funding, LLC from making distributions to us and, as a result, hinder our ability to satisfy the distribution requirement. Similarly, the covenants contained in the ING facility may prohibit us from making distributions to our stockholders, and, as a result, could hinder our ability to satisfy the distribution requirement. In addition, we may retain for investment some or all of our net taxable capital gains (i.e., realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) and treat such amounts as deemed distributions to our stockholders. If we do this, our stockholders will be treated as if they received actual distributions of the capital gains we retained and then reinvested the net after-tax proceeds in our common stock. Our stockholders also may be eligible to claim tax credits (or, in certain circumstances, tax refunds) equal to their allocable share of the tax we paid on the capital gains deemed distributed to them. To the extent our taxable earnings for a fiscal taxable year fall below the total amount of our dividends for that fiscal year, a portion of those dividend distributions may be deemed a return of capital to our stockholders.
We may not be able to achieve operating results that will allow us to make distributions at a specific level or to increase the amount of these distributions from time to time. In addition, we may be limited in our ability to make distributions due to the asset coverage test for borrowings applicable to us as a business development company under the 1940 Act and due to provisions in our credit facilities. If we do not distribute a certain percentage of our taxable income annually, we will suffer adverse tax consequences, including possible loss of our status as a RIC. We cannot assure stockholders that they will receive any distributions or distributions at a particular level.
In accordance with certain applicable Treasury regulations and private letter rulings issued by the Internal Revenue Service, a RIC may treat a distribution of its own stock as fulfilling its RIC distribution requirements if each stockholder may elect to receive his or her entire distribution in either cash or stock of the RIC, subject to a limitation that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed to all stockholders must be at least 20% of the aggregate declared distribution. If too many stockholders elect to receive cash, each stockholder electing to receive cash must receive a pro rata amount of cash (with the balance of the distribution paid in stock). In no event will any stockholder, electing to receive cash, receive less than 20% of his or her entire distribution in cash. If these and certain other requirements are met, for U.S federal income tax purposes, the amount of the dividend paid in stock will be equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of stock. We have no current intention of paying dividends in shares of our stock in accordance with these Treasury regulations or private letter rulings.
Related Party Transactions
We have entered into an investment advisory agreement with Fifth Street Management LLC, our investment adviser. Fifth Street Management is controlled by Leonard M. Tannenbaum, its managing member and the chairman of our Board of Directors and our chief executive officer. Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, fees payable to our investment adviser will be equal to (a) a base management fee of 2.0% of the value of our gross assets, which includes any borrowings for investment purposes and excludes cash and cash equivalents, and (b) an incentive fee based on our performance. The incentive fee consists of two parts. The first part is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears and equals 20% of our “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” for the immediately preceding quarter, subject to a preferred return, or “hurdle,” and a “catch up” feature. The second part is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the investment advisory agreement) and equals 20% of our “Incentive Fee Capital Gains,” which equals our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception through the end of the year, if any, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fee.
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The investment advisory agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon no fewer than 60 days’ written notice to the other. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we have incurred expenses that are due to our investment adviser of $11.1 million and $22.1 million, respectively, under the investment advisory agreement.
Pursuant to the administration agreement with FSC, Inc., which is controlled by Mr. Tannenbaum, FSC, Inc. will furnish us with the facilities and administrative services necessary to conduct our day-to-day operations, including equipment, clerical, bookkeeping and recordkeeping services at such facilities. In addition, FSC, Inc. will assist us in connection with the determination and publishing of our net asset value, the preparation and filing of tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports to our stockholders. We will reimburse FSC, Inc. the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by it in performing its obligations under the administration agreement, including a portion of the rent and the compensation of our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer and their respective staffs. Such reimbursement is at cost with no profit to, or markup by, FSC, Inc. FSC, Inc. has voluntarily determined to forgo receiving reimbursement for the services performed for us by our chief compliance officer. Although FSC, Inc. currently intends to forgo its right to receive such reimbursement, it is under no obligation to do so and may cease to do so at any time in the future. The administration agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon no fewer than 60 days’ written notice to the other. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, we have incurred expenses that are due to FSC, Inc. of $1.0 million and $2.2 million, respectively, under the administration agreement.
We have also entered into a license agreement with Fifth Street Capital LLC pursuant to which Fifth Street Capital LLC has agreed to grant us a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “Fifth Street.” Under this agreement, we will have a right to use the “Fifth Street” name, for so long as Fifth Street Management LLC or one of its affiliates remains our investment adviser. Other than with respect to this limited license, we will have no legal right to the “Fifth Street” name. Fifth Street Capital LLC is controlled by Mr. Tannenbaum, its managing member.
Recent Developments
In April 2012, we repurchased $9.0 million principal of our Convertible Notes in the open market for an aggregate purchase price of $8.6 million.
In April 2012, we received an investment grade (BBB-) counterparty credit rating from the global rating agency Standard & Poor’s.
On April 20, 2012, Traffic Control & Safety Corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the state of Delaware.
On April 23, 2012, we amended the terms of the Wells Fargo facility to, among other things, expand the borrowing capacity under the facility. Pursuant to the amendment, we received an additional $50 million commitment, thereby increasing the size of the facility to $150 million, with an accordion feature which allows for future expansion of the facility up to a total of $250 million. In addition, the period during which we may make and reinvest borrowings under the facility was extended to April 23, 2014 and the maturity date of the facility was extended to April 25, 2016.
On May 7, 2012, our Board of Directors declared the following dividends:
$0.0958 per share, payable on July 31, 2012 to stockholders of record on July 13, 2012;
$0.0958 per share, payable on August 31, 2012 to stockholders of record on August 15, 2012; and
$0.0958 per share, payable on September 28, 2012 to stockholders of record on September 14, 2012.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and the anticipated impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect both our cost of funding and our interest income from portfolio investments, cash and cash equivalents and idle funds investments. Our risk management systems and procedures are designed to identify and analyze our risk, to set appropriate policies and limits and to continually monitor these risks and limits by means of reliable administrative and information systems and other policies and programs. Our investment income will be affected by changes in various interest rates, including LIBOR and prime rates, to the extent our debt investments include floating interest rates. In addition, our investments are carried at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board of Directors in accordance with the 1940 Act (See “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies — Investment Valuation”). Our valuation methodology utilizes discount rates in part in valuing our investments, and changes in those discount rates may have an impact on the valuation of our investments.
As of March 31, 2012, 65.9% of our debt investment portfolio (at fair value) and 63.2% of our debt investment portfolio (at cost) bore interest at floating rates. The composition of our floating rate debt investments by cash interest rate floor (excluding PIK) as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011 was as follows:
Under 1%
1% to under 2%
2% to under 3%
3% to under 4%
4% to under 5%
5% and over
Based on our Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of March 31, 2012, the following table shows the approximate annualized increase (decrease) in components of net assets resulting from operations of hypothetical base rate changes in interest rates, assuming no changes in our investment and capital structure.
Basis point increase(1)
100
200
300
400
500
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We regularly measure exposure to interest rate risk. We assess interest rate risk and manage our interest rate exposure on an ongoing basis by comparing our interest rate sensitive assets to our interest rate sensitive liabilities. Based on this review, we determine whether or not any hedging transactions are necessary to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. The following table shows a comparison of the interest rate base for our interest-bearing cash and outstanding investments, at principal, and our outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011:
Money market rate
Prime rate
LIBOR
30 day
90 day
Fixed rate
On August 16, 2010, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement that was scheduled to expire on August 15, 2013, for a total notional amount of $100 million, for the purposes of hedging the interest rate risk related to the Wells facility and the ING facility. Under the interest rate swap agreement, we paid a fixed interest rate of 0.99% and received a floating rate based on the prevailing one-month LIBOR. In August 2011, we terminated our interest rate swap agreement and realized a loss of $1.3 million, which included a reclassification of $0.8 million of prior unrealized depreciation. As of March 31, 2012, we were no longer party to any interest rate swap agreements.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in timely identifying, recording, processing, summarizing, and reporting any material information relating to us that is required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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We may, from time to time, be involved in litigation arising out of our operations in the normal course of business or otherwise. Currently, we are party to pending litigation but we believe that these legal claims are frivolous and without merit, and we intend to vigorously defend ourselves against them.
Except as described below, there have been no material changes during the six months ended March 31, 2012 to the risk factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2011.
Risks Related to Our Investments
Our investments in the healthcare sector face considerable uncertainties including substantial regulatory challenges.
Our investments in portfolio companies that operate in the healthcare sector represent approximately 30% of our total portfolio. Our investments in the healthcare sector are subject to substantial risks. The laws and rules governing the business of healthcare companies and interpretations of those laws and rules are subject to frequent change. Broad latitude is given to the agencies administering those regulations. Existing or future laws and rules could force our portfolio companies engaged in healthcare to change how they do business, restrict revenue, increase costs, change reserve levels and change business practices.
Healthcare companies often must obtain and maintain regulatory approvals to market many of their products, change prices for certain regulated products and to consummate some of their acquisitions and divestitures. Delays in obtaining or failure to obtain or maintain these approvals could reduce revenue or increase costs. Policy changes on the local, state and federal level, such as the expansion of the government’s role in the healthcare arena and alternative assessments and tax increases specific to the healthcare industry or healthcare products as part of federal health care reform initiatives, could fundamentally change the dynamics of the healthcare industry.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
Stockholders may incur dilution if we issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock.
The 1940 Act prohibits us from selling shares of our common stock at a price below the current net asset value per share of such stock with certain exceptions. One such exception is prior stockholder approval of issuances of securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock even if the subscription, conversion or purchase price per share of our common stock is below the net asset value per share of our common stock at the time of any such subscription, conversion or purchase. At our 2011 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders approved a proposal to authorize us to issue securities to subscribe to, convert to, or purchase shares of our common stock in one or more offerings, including under such circumstance. Such authorization has no expiration. Any decision to sell securities to subscribe to, convert to, or purchase shares of our common stock will be subject to the determination by our board of directors that such issuance is in our and our stockholders’ best interests. If we issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of common stock, the exercise or conversion of such securities would increase the number of outstanding shares of our common stock. Any such exercise would be dilutive on the voting power of existing stockholders, and could be dilutive with regard to dividends and our net asset value, and other economic aspects of the common stock.
Because the number of shares of common stock that could be so issued and the timing of any issuance is not currently known, the actual dilutive effect cannot be predicted; however, the table below illustrates the impact on the net asset value per common share of a business development company that would be experienced upon the exercise of a warrant to acquire shares of common stock of the business development company.
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Example of Impact of Exercise of Warrant to Acquire Common Stock on Net Asset Value Per Share
The example assumes that the business development company has 1,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding, $15,000,000 in total assets and $5,000,000 in total liabilities at the time of the exercise of the warrant. As a result, the net asset value and net asset value per common share of the business development company are $10,000,000 and $10.00, respectively.
Further, the example assumes that the warrant permits the holder thereof to acquire 250,000 common shares under the following three different scenarios: (i) with an exercise price equal to a 10% premium to the business development company’s net asset value per share at the time of exercise, or $11.00 per share, (ii) with an exercise price equal to the business development company’s net asset value per share at the time of exercise, or $10.00 per share, and (iii) with an exercise price equal to a 10% discount to the business development company’s net asset value per share at the time of exercise, or $9.00 per share.
Warrant Exercise Price
10% premium to net asset value per common share
NAV per common share
10% discount to net asset value per common share
Although we have chosen to demonstrate the impact on the net asset value per common share of a business development company that would be experienced by existing stockholders of the business development company upon the exercise of a warrant to acquire shares of common stock of the business development company, the results noted above would be similar in connection with the exercise or conversion of other securities exercisable or convertible into shares of the business development company’s common stock. In addition, the example does not take into account the impact of other securities that may be issued in connection with the issuance of exercisable or convertible securities (e.g., the issuance of shares of common stock in conjunction with the issuance of warrants to acquire shares of common stock).
While we did not engage in any sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended March 31, 2012, we issued a total of 45,071 shares of common stock under our dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”). This issuance was not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The aggregate value of the shares of our common stock issued under our DRIP was approximately $0.4 million.
ExhibitNumber
Description of Exhibit
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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