Companies: 10,651     total market cap: ยฃ102.256 T
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VICI Properties
VICI
#813
Rank
ยฃ21.93 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
ยฃ20.52
Share price
-0.11%
Change (1 day)
-12.25%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿ  Real estate๐Ÿ’ฐ Investment ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ REITs
Categories
Vici Properties is a real estate investment trust (REIT) specializing in casino properties, based.. The company owns 30 casinos, hotels, and racetracks and 4 golf courses throughout the United States.
  1. VICI Properties
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2024 Q1

VICI Properties - 10-Q quarterly report FY2024 Q1


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________
FORM 10-Q
_____________________________
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2024
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to __________
Commission file number: 001-38372 (VICI Properties Inc.)
Commission file number: 333-264352-01 (VICI Properties L.P.)
_____________________________
VICI Properties Inc.
VICI Properties L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_____________________________
Maryland(VICI Properties Inc.)81-4177147
Delaware(VICI Properties L.P.)35-2576503
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
535 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor New York, New York 10022
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (646) 949-4631
_____________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value
VICI
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   
VICI Properties Inc. Yes  ☒    No  ☐
VICI Properties L.P.  Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  
VICI Properties Inc. Yes  ☒    No  ☐
VICI Properties L.P.  Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
VICI Properties Inc.VICI Properties L.P.
Large Accelerated Filer☒Accelerated filer☐Large Accelerated Filer☐Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐Non-accelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
VICI Properties Inc.  ☐  
VICI Properties L.P.  ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    
VICI Properties Inc. Yes   ☐   No  ☒ 
VICI Properties L.P.  Yes  ☐   No  ☒ 
As of April 30, 2024, VICI Properties Inc. had 1,043,181,591 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding. VICI Properties L.P. has no common stock outstanding.


EXPLANATORY NOTE
This report combines the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2024 of VICI Properties Inc. and VICI Properties L.P. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “VICI” mean VICI Properties Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including VICI Properties OP LLC (“VICI OP”), and references to “VICI LP” mean VICI Properties L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean VICI and VICI LP, including, collectively, their consolidated subsidiaries.
In order to highlight the differences between VICI and VICI LP, the separate sections in this report for VICI and VICI LP described below specifically refer to VICI and VICI LP. In the sections that combine disclosure of VICI and VICI LP, this report refers to actions or holdings of VICI and VICI LP as being “our” actions or holdings. Although VICI LP is the entity that generally, directly or indirectly, enters into contracts and joint ventures, holds assets and incurs debt, we believe that references to “we,” “us” or “our” in this context is appropriate because the business is one enterprise and we operate substantially all of our business and own, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of our assets through VICI LP.
VICI is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that is the sole owner of VICI Properties GP LLC, the sole general partner of VICI LP. As of March 31, 2024, VICI owns 100% of the limited liability company interests of VICI Properties HoldCo LLC (“HoldCo”), which in turn owns approximately 98.8% of the limited liability company interest of VICI OP (such interests, “VICI OP Units”), our operating partnership, which in turns owns 100% of the limited partnership interest in VICI LP. The balance of the VICI OP Units not held by HoldCo are held by third-party unit holders.
The following diagram details VICI’s organizational structure as of March 31, 2024.
VICI Org Struture.gif
We believe combining the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q of VICI and VICI LP into this single report:
•enhances investors’ understanding of VICI and VICI LP by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;
•eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation; and
•creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.
We operate VICI and VICI LP as one business. Because VICI LP is managed by VICI, and VICI conducts substantially all of its operations and owns, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of its assets indirectly through VICI LP, VICI’s executive officers are VICI LP’s executive officers, although, as a partnership, VICI LP does not have a board of directors.
We believe it is important to understand the few differences between VICI and VICI LP in the context of how VICI and VICI LP operate as a consolidated company. VICI is a REIT whose only material assets are its indirect interest in VICI LP, through which it conducts its real property business. VICI also conducts its golf course business through a taxable REIT subsidiary (a “TRS”), VICI Golf LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“VICI Golf”). As a result, VICI does not conduct business itself other than issuing public equity from time to time and does not directly incur any material indebtedness, rather VICI LP
2

holds substantially all of our assets, except for those held in VICI Golf. Except for net proceeds from public equity issuances by VICI, VICI LP generates all capital required by the Company’s business, which sources include VICI LP’s operations and its direct or indirect incurrence of indebtedness.
VICI consolidates VICI LP for financial reporting purposes, and VICI does not have material assets other than its indirect investment in VICI LP. Therefore, while there are some areas of difference between the unaudited consolidated financial statements of VICI and those of VICI LP, the assets and liabilities of VICI and VICI LP are materially the same on their respective financial statements. As of March 31, 2024, the primary areas of difference between the unaudited consolidated financial statements of VICI and those of VICI LP were cash and cash equivalents, stockholders’ equity and partners’ capital, non-controlling interests and golf operations, which include the assets and liabilities and income and expenses of VICI Golf.
To help investors understand the differences between VICI and VICI LP, this report provides:
•separate consolidated financial statements for VICI and VICI LP;
•a single set of notes to such consolidated financial statements that includes separate discussions of stockholders’ equity or partners’ equity and per share and per unit data, as applicable;
•a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that also includes discrete information related to each entity, as applicable;
•separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections;
•separate Part II, Item 2. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities sections related to each entity; and
•separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of VICI and VICI LP in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that VICI and VICI LP are each compliant with Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350.
The separate discussions of VICI and VICI LP in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand our results on a consolidated basis and how management operates our business.
3

VICI PROPERTIES INC.
VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
5
5
6
7
8
10
10
11
12
13
15
42
56
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58
59
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60
4
Table of Contents
PART I        FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.        Financial Statements
VICI PROPERTIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)


March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Assets
Real estate portfolio:
Investments in leases - sales-type, net$22,985,837 $23,015,931 
Investments in leases - financing receivables, net18,266,712 18,211,102 
Investments in loans and securities, net1,224,987 1,144,177 
Land150,727 150,727 
Cash and cash equivalents485,318 522,574 
Short-term investments29,579 — 
Other assets1,014,713 1,015,330 
Total assets$44,157,873 $44,059,841 
Liabilities
Debt, net$16,711,739 $16,724,125 
Accrued expenses and deferred revenue186,556 227,241 
Dividends and distributions payable437,766 437,599 
Other liabilities1,003,254 1,013,102 
Total liabilities18,339,315 18,402,067 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,350,000,000 shares authorized and 1,043,137,031 and 1,042,702,763 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
10,431 10,427 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized and no shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
— — 
Additional paid-in capital24,124,875 24,125,872 
Accumulated other comprehensive income156,640 153,870 
Retained earnings1,122,878 965,762 
Total VICI stockholders’ equity25,414,824 25,255,931 
Non-controlling interests403,734 401,843 
Total stockholders’ equity25,818,558 25,657,774 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$44,157,873 $44,059,841 
_______________________________________________________
Note: As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our Investments in leases - sales-type, Investments in leases - financing receivables, Investments in loans and securities, and Other assets (sales-type sub-leases) are net of allowance for credit losses of $801.2 million, $711.5 million, $22.0 million and $21.0 million, respectively, and $701.1 million, $703.6 million, $29.8 million and $18.7 million, respectively. Refer to Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses for further details.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Revenues
Income from sales-type leases$512,772 $478,394 
Income from lease financing receivables, loans and securities409,301 371,069 
Other income19,312 18,339 
Golf revenues10,096 9,845 
Total revenues951,481 877,647 
Operating expenses
General and administrative16,192 15,005 
Depreciation1,133 814 
Other expenses19,312 18,339 
Golf expenses6,511 5,952 
Change in allowance for credit losses106,918 111,477 
Transaction and acquisition expenses305 (958)
Total operating expenses150,371 150,629 
Income from unconsolidated affiliate— 1,280 
Interest expense(204,882)(204,360)
Interest income5,293 3,047 
Other (losses) gains(156)1,963 
Income before income taxes601,365 528,948 
Provision for income taxes(1,562)(1,087)
Net income599,803 527,861 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests(9,787)(9,121)
Net income attributable to common stockholders $590,016 $518,740 
Net income per common share
Basic $0.57 $0.52 
Diluted $0.57 $0.52 
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding
Basic1,042,404,634 1,001,526,645 
Diluted1,043,311,636 1,003,831,325 
Other comprehensive income
Net income $599,803 $527,861 
Reclassification of derivative gain to Interest expense(6,046)(6,037)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges12,482 (7,393)
Foreign currency translation adjustments(3,644)(1,664)
Comprehensive income602,595 512,767 
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests(9,809)(8,939)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders$592,786 $503,828 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Common Stock Additional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive
Income		Retained EarningsTotal VICI Stockholders’ EquityNon-controlling InterestsTotal Stockholders’ Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023$10,427 $24,125,872 $153,870 $965,762 $25,255,931 $401,843 $25,657,774 
Net income— — — 590,016 590,016 9,787 599,803 
Reallocation of equity— 255 — — 255 (255)— 
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.4150 per common share)
— — — (432,900)(432,900)(7,707)(440,607)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures4 (1,252)— — (1,248)44 (1,204)
Reclassification of derivative gain to Interest expense— — (5,976)— (5,976)(70)(6,046)
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges— — 12,341 — 12,341 141 12,482 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — (3,595)— (3,595)(49)(3,644)
Balance as of March 31, 2024$10,431 $24,124,875 $156,640 $1,122,878 $25,414,824 $403,734 $25,818,558 
Balance as of December 31, 2022$9,631 $21,645,499 $185,353 $93,154 $21,933,637 $356,476 $22,290,113 
Net income— — — 518,740 518,740 9,121 527,861 
Issuance of common stock, net406 1,271,066 — — 1,271,472 — 1,271,472 
Reallocation of equity— (4,936)— — (4,936)4,936 — 
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.3900 per common share)
— — — (391,640)(391,640)(7,048)(398,688)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures5 (1,120)— — (1,115)(14)(1,129)
Reclassification of derivative gain to Interest expense— — (5,964)— (5,964)(73)(6,037)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges— — (7,304)— (7,304)(89)(7,393)
Foreign currency translation adjustments— — (1,644)— (1,644)(20)(1,664)
Balance as of March 31, 2023$10,042 $22,910,509 $170,441 $220,254 $23,311,246 $363,289 $23,674,535 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$599,803 $527,861 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities:
Non-cash leasing and financing adjustments (135,666)(122,834)
Stock-based compensation3,793 3,467 
Depreciation 1,133 814 
Other losses (gains)156 (1,963)
Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount10,400 13,641 
Change in allowance for credit losses106,918 111,477 
Net proceeds from settlement of derivatives2,827 — 
Deferred income taxes435— 
Income from unconsolidated affiliate— (1,280)
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliate— 3,273 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets(5,026)1,380 
Accrued expenses and deferred revenue(39,510)(12,282)
Other liabilities(1,524)(1,521)
Net cash provided by operating activities543,739 522,033 
Cash flows from investing activities
Net cash paid in connection with the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV Interest Acquisition— (1,266,905)
Investments in leases - sales-type(5,900)(6,100)
Investments in leases - financing receivables(248)(202,683)
Investments in loans and securities(71,681)(209,302)
Principal repayments of loans and receipts of deferred fees1,100 — 
Capitalized transaction costs(442)(220)
Investments in short-term investments(29,579)— 
Maturities of short-term investments— 217,342 
Acquisition of property and equipment(2,410)(988)
Net cash used in investing activities(109,160)(1,468,856)
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VICI PROPERTIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from offering of common stock, net— 1,272,270 
Proceeds from March 2024 Notes offering1,028,533 — 
Proceeds from Revolving Credit Facility— 352,704 
Redemption of senior unsecured notes(1,050,000)— 
Repayment of Revolving Credit Facility— (250,000)
Debt issuance costs(2,800)— 
Repurchase of stock for tax withholding(4,996)(4,595)
Distributions to non-controlling interests(7,707)(2,278)
Dividends paid(434,811)(382,612)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(471,781)985,489 
 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (54)74 
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(37,256)38,740 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period522,574 208,933 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$485,318 $247,673 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $217,967 $178,047 
Cash paid for income taxes$— $— 
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activity:
Dividends and distributions declared, not paid $437,978 $396,410 
Debt issuance costs payable$240 $— 
Deferred transaction costs payable$2,896 $1,622 
Non-cash change in Investments in leases - financing receivables$71,750 $69,621 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except unit and per unit data)

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Assets
Real estate portfolio:
Investments in leases - sales-type, net$22,985,837 $23,015,931 
Investments in leases - financing receivables, net18,266,712 18,211,102 
Investments in loans and securities, net1,224,987 1,144,177 
Land150,727 150,727 
Cash and cash equivalents432,013 471,584 
Short-term investments29,579 — 
Other assets935,634 936,528 
Total assets$44,025,489 $43,930,049 
Liabilities
Debt, net$16,711,739 $16,724,125 
Accrued expenses and deferred revenue184,043 222,333 
Distributions payable437,766 437,599 
Other liabilities988,597 998,363 
Total liabilities18,322,145 18,382,420 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 10)
Partners’ Capital
Partners’ capital, 1,055,368,328 and 1,054,934,136 operating partnership units issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
25,441,302 25,288,647 
Accumulated other comprehensive income156,142 153,350 
Total VICI LP’s capital25,597,444 25,441,997 
Non-controlling interest105,900 105,632 
Total capital attributable to partners25,703,344 25,547,629 
Total liabilities and partners’ capital$44,025,489 $43,930,049 
_______________________________________________________
Note: As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our Investments in leases - sales-type, Investments in leases - financing receivables, Investments in loans and securities, and Other assets (sales-type sub-leases) are net of allowance for credit losses of $801.2 million, $711.5 million, $22.0 million and $21.0 million, respectively, and $701.1 million, $703.6 million, $29.8 million and $18.7 million, respectively. Refer to Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses for further details.
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VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except unit and per unit data)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Revenues
Income from sales-type leases$512,772 $478,394 
Income from lease financing receivables, loans and securities409,301 371,069 
Other income19,312 18,339 
Total revenues941,385 867,802 
Operating expenses
General and administrative16,157 15,005 
Depreciation288 31 
Other expenses19,312 18,339 
Change in allowance for credit losses106,918 111,477 
Transaction and acquisition expenses305 (958)
Total operating expenses142,980 143,894 
Income from unconsolidated affiliate— 1,280 
Interest expense(204,882)(204,360)
Interest income4,626 2,490 
Other (losses) gains(156)1,963 
Income before income taxes597,993 525,281 
Provision for income taxes(953)(366)
Net income597,040 524,915 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests(2,898)(2,839)
Net income attributable to partners$594,142 $522,076 
Net income per Partnership unit
Basic$0.56 $0.51 
Diluted$0.56 $0.51 
Weighted average number of Partnership units outstanding
Basic1,054,636,007 1,013,758,018
Diluted1,055,543,009 1,016,062,698
Other comprehensive income
Net income attributable to partners$594,142 $522,076 
Reclassification of derivative gain to Interest expense(6,046)(6,037)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges12,482 (7,393)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net(3,644)(1664)
Comprehensive income attributable to partners$596,934 $506,982 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except unit and per unit data)
Partners’ CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeNon-Controlling InterestTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2023$25,288,647 $153,350 $105,632 $25,547,629 
Net income594,142 — 2,898 597,040 
Distributions to Parent(440,283)— — (440,283)
Distributions to non-controlling interest— — (2,630)(2,630)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures(1,204)— — (1,204)
Reclassification of derivative gain to Interest expense— (6,046)— (6,046)
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges— 12,482 — 12,482 
Foreign currency translation adjustments— (3,644)— (3,644)
Balance as of March 31, 2024$25,441,302 $156,142 $105,900 $25,703,344 
Balance as of December 31, 2022$21,900,511 $185,201 $79,504 $22,165,216 
Net income522,076 — 2,839 524,915 
Contributions from Parent1,303,243 — — 1,303,243 
Distributions to Parent(408,519)— — (408,519)
Distributions to non-controlling interest— — (2,278)(2,278)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures(1,129)— — (1,129)
Reclassification of derivative gain to Interest expense— (6,037)— (6,037)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges— (7,393)— (7,393)
Foreign currency translation adjustments— (1,664)— (1,664)
Balance as of March 31, 2023$23,316,182 $170,107 $80,065 $23,566,354 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$597,040 $524,915 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities:
Non-cash leasing and financing adjustments (135,666)(122,834)
Stock-based compensation3,793 3,467 
Depreciation 288 31 
Other (gains) losses156 (1,963)
Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount10,400 13,641 
Change in allowance for credit losses106,918 111,477 
Net proceeds from settlement of derivatives2,827 — 
Deferred income taxes451 — 
Income from unconsolidated affiliate— (1,280)
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliate— 3,273 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets(4,312)4,227 
Accrued expenses and deferred revenue(39,425)(19,225)
Other liabilities(1,458)(1,456)
Net cash provided by operating activities541,012 514,273 
Cash flows from investing activities
Net cash paid in connection with the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV Interest Acquisition— (1,266,905)
Investments in leases - sales-type(5,900)(6,100)
Investments in leases - financing receivables(248)(202,683)
Investments in loans and securities(71,681)(209,302)
Principal repayments of loans and receipts of deferred fees1,100 — 
Capitalized transaction costs(442)(220)
Investments in short-term investments(29,579)— 
Maturities of short-term investments— 217,342 
Acquisition of property and equipment(1,998)— 
Net cash used in investing activities(108,748)(1,467,868)
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VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Cash flows from financing activities
Contributions from Parent— 1,296,270 
Distributions to Parent(439,888)(380,178)
Proceeds from March 2024 Notes offering1,028,533 — 
Proceeds from Revolving Credit Facility— 352,704 
Redemption of senior unsecured notes(1,050,000)— 
Repayment of Revolving Credit Facility— (250,000)
Debt issuance costs(2,800)— 
Repurchase of stock for tax withholding(4,996)(4,595)
Distributions to non-controlling interest(2,630)(2,278)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(471,781)1,011,923 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(54)74 
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(39,571)58,402 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period471,584 142,600 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$432,013 $201,002 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $217,967 $178,047 
Cash paid for income taxes$— $— 
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activity:
Distributions payable$437,978 $396,410 
Debt issuance costs payable$240 $— 
Deferred transaction costs payable$2,896 $1,622 
Non-cash change in Investments in leases - financing receivables$71,750 $69,621 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

In these notes, the words the “Company,” “VICI,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to VICI Properties Inc. and its subsidiaries, including VICI LP, on a consolidated basis, unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise.
We refer to (i) our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheet,” (iii) our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as our “Statement of Operations,” and (iv) our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as our “Statement of Cash Flows.” References to numbered “Notes” refer to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 1 — Business and Organization
Business
We are primarily engaged in the business of owning and acquiring gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations, subject to long-term triple-net leases. As of March 31, 2024, we own 93 experiential assets across a geographically diverse portfolio consisting of 54 gaming properties and 39 other experiential properties across the United States and Canada, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas, MGM Grand and the Venetian Resort Las Vegas (the “Venetian Resort”), three of the most iconic entertainment facilities on the Las Vegas Strip. Our gaming and entertainment facilities are leased to leading brands that seek to drive consumer loyalty and value with guests through superior services, experiences, products and continuous innovation. VICI also owns four championship golf courses, which are managed by CDN Golf Management Inc., and are located near certain of our properties.
VICI, the parent company, is a Maryland corporation and internally managed REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our real property business, which represents the substantial majority of our assets, is conducted through VICI OP and indirectly through VICI LP and our golf course business, VICI Golf, is conducted through a direct wholly owned TRS of VICI. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders and maintain our qualification as a REIT.
Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information set forth in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), as published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, are unaudited and condense or exclude some of the disclosures and information normally required in audited financial statements.
We believe the disclosures made are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. However, the accompanying unaudited Financial Statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.
All adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim period have been included, and are of a normal and recurring nature. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of VICI LP, and the subsidiaries in which we or VICI LP has a controlling interest. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We consolidate all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities for which we or one of our consolidated subsidiaries is the primary beneficiary.
Non-controlling Interests
We present non-controlling interests and classify such interests as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity or partners’ capital, separate from VICI stockholders’ equity and VICI LP partners’ capital. As of March 31, 2024, VICI’s non-controlling interests represent an approximate 1.2% third-party ownership of VICI OP in the form of limited liability company interest in VICI OP (“VICI OP Units”), a 20% third-party ownership of Harrah’s Joliet LandCo LLC, the entity that owns the Harrah’s Joliet facility and is the lessor under the related lease agreement with Caesars Entertainment, Inc. (together with, as the context requires, its subsidiaries, “Caesars”) for such facility (“Joliet Lease”) and a 5.6% third-party equity ownership, in the form of Class A Units, of VICI Bowl HoldCo LLC, the entity that owns the portfolio of bowling entertainment centers leased to Bowlero Corp. (“Bowlero”) and is the lessor under the related Bowlero master lease agreement. As VICI OP is a parent entity of VICI LP, VICI LP’s only non-controlling interests are that of third-party ownership of Harrah’s Joliet LandCo LLC and VICI Bowl HoldCo.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash consists of cash-on-hand and cash-in-bank. Highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase are considered cash equivalents and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we did not have any restricted cash.
Short-Term Investments
Investments with an original maturity of greater than three months and less than one year from the date of purchase are considered short-term investments and are stated at fair value.
We may invest our excess cash in short-term investment grade commercial paper as well as discount notes issued by government-sponsored enterprises including the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and certain of the Federal Home Loan Banks. These investments generally have original maturities between 91 and 180 days and are accounted for as available for sale securities. Interest on our short-term investments is recognized as interest income in our Statement of Operations. We had $29.6 million of short-term investments as of March 31, 2024. We did not have any short-term investments as of December 31, 2023.
Purchase Price Accounting
We assess all of our property acquisitions under ASC 805 “Business Combinations” (“ASC 805”) to determine if such acquisitions should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition. Under ASC 805, an acquisition does not qualify as a business combination when (i) substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, (ii) the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce, or (iii) the acquisition does not include an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Generally, and to date, all of our acquisitions have been determined to be asset acquisitions and, in accordance with ASC 805-50, all applicable transaction costs are capitalized as part of the purchase price of the acquisition.
We allocate the purchase price to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as applicable, using their relative fair value. Generally, the assets acquired are comprised of land, building and site improvements and in certain instances, such as our acquisition of MGM Growth Properties LLC (“MGP”) and the acquisition of the joint venture that holds the real estate assets of MGM Grand Las Vegas and Mandalay Bay (“MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV”), existing leases and/or debt. Further, since all the components of our leases are classified as sales-type leases or financing receivables, as further described below, the assets acquired are transferred into the net investment in lease or financing receivable, as applicable.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Investments in Leases - Sales-type, Net
We account for our investments in leases under ASC 842 “Leases” (“ASC 842”). Upon lease inception or lease modification, we assess lease classification to determine whether the lease should be classified as a direct financing, sales-type or operating lease. As required by ASC 842, we separately assess each lease component of the property, generally comprised of land and building, to determine the classification. If the lease component is determined to be a direct financing or sales-type lease, we record a net investment in the lease, which is equal to the sum of the lease receivable and the unguaranteed residual asset, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. Any difference between the fair value of the asset and the net investment in the lease is considered selling profit or loss and is either recognized upon execution of the lease or deferred and recognized over the life of the lease, depending on the classification of the lease. Since we purchase properties and simultaneously enter into new leases directly with the tenants, the net investment in the lease is generally equal to the purchase price of the asset, and, due to the long-term nature of our leases, the land and building components of an investment generally have the same lease classification.
Investments in Leases - Financing Receivables, Net
In accordance with ASC 842, for transactions in which we enter into a contract to acquire an asset and lease it back to the seller under a lease classified as a sales-type lease (i.e., a sale leaseback transaction), control of the asset is not considered to have transferred to us. As a result, we do not recognize the net investment in the lease but instead recognize a financial asset in accordance with ASC 310 “Receivables” (“ASC 310”); however, the accounting for the financing receivable under ASC 310 is materially consistent with the accounting for our investments in leases - sales-type under ASC 842.
Lease Term
We assess the noncancelable lease term under ASC 842, which includes any reasonably certain renewal periods. All of our lease agreements provide for an initial term, with one or more tenant renewal options.
In relation to our gaming assets and certain other irreplaceable real estate, we generally conclude that the lease term includes all of the periods covered by extension options as it is reasonably certain our tenants will renew the lease agreements. In these situations, we believe our tenants are economically compelled to renew the lease agreements due to the importance of our real estate to the operation of their business, the significant capital they have invested and are required to invest in our properties under the terms of the lease agreements and the lack of suitable replacement assets.
Income from Leases and Lease Financing Receivables
We recognize the related income from our sales-type leases and lease financing receivables on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the terms of the applicable leases. As a result, the cash payments accounted for under sales-type leases and lease financing receivables will not equal income from our lease agreements. Rather, a portion of the cash rent we receive is recorded as Income from sales-type leases or Income from lease financing receivables and loans, as applicable, in our Statement of Operations and a portion is recorded as a change to Investments in leases - sales-type, net or Investments in leases - financing receivables, net, as applicable.
Initial direct costs incurred in connection with entering into investments classified as sales-type leases are included in the balance of the net investment in lease. Such amounts will be recognized as a reduction to Income from investments in leases over the life of the lease using the effective interest method. Costs that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was signed, such as legal fees and certain other third-party fees, are expensed as incurred to Transaction and acquisition expenses in our Statement of Operations.
Loan origination fees and costs incurred in connection with entering into investments classified as lease financing receivables are included in the balance of the net investment and such amounts will be recognized as a reduction to Income from investments in loans and lease financing receivables over the life of the lease using the effective interest method.
Investments in Loans and Securities, net
Investments in loans are held-for-investment and are carried at historical cost, inclusive of unamortized loan origination costs and fees and net of allowances for credit losses. Income is recognized on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the life of the related loan.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
We classify our investments in securities on the date of acquisition of the investment as either trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. We classify our debt securities as held-to-maturity, as we have the intent and ability to hold this security until maturity, the accounting of which is materially consistent with that of our Investments in loans.
Allowance for Credit Losses
ASC 326 “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”) requires that we measure and record current expected credit losses (“CECL”) for the majority of our investments, the scope of which includes our Investments in leases - sales-type, Investments in leases - financing receivables and Investments in loans and securities.
Investments in Leases
In relation to our lease portfolio, we have elected to use a discounted cash flow model to estimate the allowance for credit losses, or CECL allowance for our Investments in leases - sales-type and Investments in leases - financing receivables, which comprise the substantial majority of our CECL allowance. This model requires us to develop cash flows which project estimated credit losses over the life of the lease and discount these cash flows at the asset’s effective interest rate. We then record a CECL allowance equal to the difference between the amortized cost basis of the asset and the present value of the expected credit loss cash flows.
Expected losses within our cash flows are determined by estimating the probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) of our tenants and their parent guarantors, as applicable, over the life of each individual lease. We have engaged a nationally recognized data analytics firm to assist us with estimating both the PD and LGD of our tenants and their parent guarantors, as applicable. The PD and LGD are estimated during a reasonable and supportable period for which we believe we are able to estimate future economic conditions (the “R&S Period”) and a long-term period for which we revert to long-term historical averages (the “Long-Term Period”). The PD and LGD estimates for the R&S Period are developed using the current financial condition of the tenant and parent guarantor, as applicable, and applied to a projection of economic conditions over a two-year term. The PD and LGD for the Long-Term Period are estimated using the average historical default rates and historical loss rates, respectively, of public companies over approximately the past 40 years that have similar credit profiles or characteristics to our tenants and their parent guarantors, as applicable. We are unable to use our historical data to estimate losses as we have no loss history to date.
Investments in Loans
In relation to our loan portfolio, we engage a nationally recognized data analytics firm to provide loan level market data and a forward-looking commercial real estate loss forecasting tool. The credit loss model generates the PD and LGD using sub-market loan-level data and the estimated fair value of collateral to generate net operating income and forecast the expected loss for each loan.
Unfunded Commitments
We are required to estimate a CECL allowance related to contractual commitments to extend credit, such as future funding commitments under a revolving credit facility, delayed draw term loan, construction loan or through commitments made to our tenants to fund the development and construction of improvements at our properties. We estimate the amount that we will fund for each contractual commitment based on (i) discussions with our borrowers and tenants, (ii) our borrowers’ and tenants’ business plans and financial condition and (iii) other relevant factors. Based on these considerations, we apply a CECL allowance to the estimated amount of credit we expect to extend. The CECL allowance for unfunded commitments is calculated using the same methodology as the allowance for the respective investments subject to the CECL model. The CECL allowance related to these future commitments is recorded as a component of Other liabilities on our Balance Sheets.
Presentation
The initial CECL allowance is recorded as a reduction to our net Investments in leases - sales-type, Investments in leases - financing receivables, Investments in loans and securities and Sales-type sub-leases (included in Other assets) on our Balance Sheets. We are required to update our CECL allowance on a quarterly basis with the resulting change being recorded in the Statement of Operations for the relevant period. Finally, each time we make a new investment in an asset subject to ASC 326, we are required to record an initial CECL allowance for such asset, which will result in a non-cash charge to the Statement of Operations for the relevant period.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Write-offs of our investments in leases and loans are deducted from the allowance in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of amounts previously written off are recorded when received. There were no charge-offs or recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Refer to Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses for further information.
Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement
Our investments in our Canadian gaming assets and certain of our loans are denominated in foreign currencies and, accordingly, we translate the financial statements of the subsidiaries that own such assets into U.S. Dollars (“USD” or “US$”) when we consolidate their financial results and position. Generally, assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the date of the Balance Sheet and the resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive income in the Balance Sheets. Certain balance sheet items, primarily equity and capital-related accounts, are reflected at the historical exchange rate. Income Statement accounts are translated using the average exchange rate for the period.
We and certain of our consolidated subsidiaries have intercompany and third-party debt that is denominated in foreign currencies, which is not our and our consolidated subsidiaries functional currency of USD. When the debt and related operating receivables and/or payables are remeasured to the functional currency of the entity, a gain or loss can result. The resulting adjustment is reflected in Other (losses) gains, net in the Statement of Operations.
Other Income and Other Expenses
Other income primarily represents sub-lease income related to certain ground and use leases. Under the lease agreements, the tenants are required to pay all costs associated with such ground and use leases and provides for their direct payment to the landlord. This income and the related expense are recorded on a gross basis in our Statement of Operations as required under GAAP as we are the primary obligor under these certain ground and use leases.
Fair Value Measurements
We measure the fair value of financial instruments based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, a fair value hierarchy distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions. In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, Level 1 assets/liabilities are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, Level 2 assets/liabilities are valued based on quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, on quoted prices in less active or inactive markets or on other “observable” market inputs, and Level 3 assets/liabilities are valued based significantly on “unobservable” market inputs.
Refer to Note 9 - Fair Value for further information.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We record our derivative financial instruments as either Other assets or Other liabilities on our Balance Sheet at fair value.
The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows are considered cash flow hedges. We formally document our hedge relationships and designation at the contract’s inception. This documentation includes the identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, its risk management objectives, strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction and our evaluation of the effectiveness of its hedged transaction.
On a quarterly basis, we also assess whether the derivative we designated in each hedging relationship is expected to be, and has been, highly effective in offsetting changes in the value or cash flows of the hedged transactions. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued and the changes in fair value of the instrument are included in Net income prospectively. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the value of the derivative previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is recognized in earnings when the hedged transactions affect earnings. Changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments that qualify as hedges are reported as a
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our Balance Sheet with a corresponding change in Unrealized gain (loss) in cash flows hedges within Other comprehensive income on our Statement of Operations.
We use derivative instruments to mitigate the effects of interest rate volatility, whether from variable rate debt or future forecasted transactions, which could unfavorably impact our future earnings and forecasted cash flows. We do not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Caesars and MGM Resorts International (together with, as the context requires, its subsidiaries, “MGM”) are the guarantors of all the lease payment obligations of the tenants under the applicable leases of the properties that they each respectively lease from us. Revenue from Caesars, which comprises revenue from the Caesars leases, represented 36% and 38% of our lease revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Revenue from MGM, which comprises revenue from the MGM leases, represented 38% and 39% of our lease revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, our properties on the Las Vegas Strip generated approximately 48% of our lease revenues for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Other than having two tenants from which we derive and will continue to derive a substantial portion of our revenue and our concentration in the Las Vegas market, we do not believe there are any other significant concentrations of credit risk.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2024, the SEC issued its final climate disclosure rules, which require the disclosure of material climate-related information in annual reports and registration statements, including disclosure of effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions. In April 2024, the SEC voluntarily stayed the effectiveness of the new rules pending related litigation. If the stay is lifted and the effective times are unchanged, certain of the disclosure requirements will begin to apply to our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025. We are currently evaluating the impact of the final rules on our Financial Statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires entities to disclose additional information with respect to the effective tax rate reconciliation and to disclose the disaggregation by jurisdiction of income tax expense and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on our Financial Statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides for additional disclosures as they relate to a company’s segments. Additional requirements per the update include disclosures for significant segment expenses, measures of profit or loss used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker and how these measures are used to allocate resources and assess segment performance. The amendments in this ASU will also apply to entities with a single reportable segment and is effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-07 on our Financial Statements.
Recent Tax Legislation
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) has proposed a global minimum tax of 15% of reported profits (“Pillar 2”) that has been agreed upon in principle by over 140 countries. During 2023, many countries incorporated Pillar 2 model rules into their laws. The model rules provide a framework for applying the minimum tax and some countries have adopted Pillar 2 effective January 1, 2024; however, countries must individually enact Pillar 2, which may result in variation in the application of the model rules and timelines.
We have evaluated Pillar 2 and we do not expect it to have a material impact on our Financial Statements based upon our current structure and investments. However, there remains some uncertainty as to the final Pillar 2 model rules. We will continue to monitor the United States and global legislative actions related to Pillar 2 for potential impacts.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Note 3 — Real Estate Transactions
2024 Activity
Property Acquisitions and Investments
Venetian Capital Investment
Subsequent to quarter-end, on May 1, 2024, we entered into agreements to provide capital to the Venetian Resort for extensive reinvestment projects through our Partner Property Growth Fund strategy (the “Venetian Capital Investment”). The Venetian Capital Investment will fund several projects, including hotel room product renovations, gaming floor optimization and entertainment and convention center enhancements, among others, seeking to improve the overall guest experience and enhance the value of the property.
We have agreed to provide up to $700.0 million of financing through the Venetian Capital Investment, comprised of $400.0 million to be funded in 2024 and an incremental $300.0 million that the Venetian Resort will have the option, but not the obligation, to draw in whole or in part until November 1, 2026. The initial $400.0 million investment will be funded in three quarterly draws based on a fixed funding schedule: $100.0 million in the second quarter of 2024, $150.0 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $150.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. In connection with the Venetian Capital Investment, the previous Property Growth Fund Agreement entered into with Apollo in connection with the Venetian Resort acquisition providing for up to $1.0 billion of future development and construction project funding was terminated.
Annual rent under the existing Venetian Resort lease (the “Venetian Lease”) will increase commencing on the first day of the quarter immediately following each capital funding at a 7.25% yield (the “Incremental Venetian Rent”). The Incremental Venetian Rent will begin escalating annually at 2.0% on March 1, 2029 and, commencing on March 1, 2031, will begin escalating on the same terms as the rest of the rent payable under the Venetian Lease with annual escalation equal to the greater of 2.0% or CPI, capped at 3.0%.
Real Estate Debt Originations
The following table summarizes our 2024 real estate debt origination activity:
($ in thousands)
Investment NameMaximum Principal AmountInvestment TypeCollateral
Chelsea Piers One Madison Loan$10,000 Senior Secured LoanCertain equipment of the fitness club at the One Madison building in New York, New York, under development
Homefield Margaritaville Loan (1)
105,000 Senior Secured LoanMargaritaville Resort in Kansas City, Kansas, under development
Total$115,000 
____________________
(1) Simultaneous with entering into the loan agreement, we entered into a call right agreement that provides us with a call option on (i) the Margaritaville Resort, (ii) the new Homefield Kansas City youth sports training facility (“Homefield”), (iii) the new Homefield baseball center, and (iv) the existing Homefield youth sports complex in Olathe, Kansas. We also received a right of first refusal to acquire the real estate of any future Homefield property, should Homefield elect to monetize such assets in a sale-leaseback transaction. If the call option is exercised, all of the properties, including the Margaritaville Resort, will be subject to a single long-term triple net master lease with us.
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(UNAUDITED)
Note 4 — Real Estate Portfolio
As of March 31, 2024, our real estate portfolio consisted of the following:
•Investments in leases – sales-type, representing our investment in 26 casino assets leased on a triple-net basis to our tenants under ten separate lease agreements;
•Investments in leases – financing receivables, representing our investment in 28 casino assets and 39 other experiential properties leased on a triple-net basis to our tenants under ten separate lease agreements;
•Investments in loans and securities, representing our 16 debt investments in senior secured and mezzanine loans, preferred equity and the senior secured notes; and
•Land, representing our investment in certain underdeveloped or undeveloped land adjacent to the Las Vegas strip and non-operating, vacant land parcels.
The following is a summary of the balances of our real estate portfolio as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
(In thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Investments in leases – sales-type, net (1)
$22,985,837 $23,015,931 
Investments in leases – financing receivables, net (1)
18,266,712 18,211,102 
Total investments in leases, net41,252,549 41,227,033 
Investments in loans and securities, net1,224,987 1,144,177 
Land150,727 150,727 
Total real estate portfolio$42,628,263 $42,521,937 
____________________
(1) At lease inception (or upon modification), we determine the estimated residual values of the leased property (not guaranteed) under the respective lease agreements, which has a material impact on the determination of the rate implicit in the lease and the lease classification. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated residual values of the leased properties under our lease agreements were $15.8 billion and $15.9 billion, respectively.
Investments in Leases
The following table details the components of our income from sales-type leases and lease financing receivables:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Income from sales-type leases – fixed rent$486,651 $459,490 
Income from sales-type leases – contingent rent (1)
26,122 18,904 
Income from lease financing receivables – fixed rent377,721 352,328 
Income from lease financing receivables – contingent rent (1)
3,211 2,510 
Total lease revenue893,705 833,232 
Non-cash adjustment (2)
(135,709)(122,841)
     Total contractual lease revenue$757,996 $710,391 
____________________
(1) At lease inception (or upon modification), we determine the minimum lease payments under ASC 842, which exclude amounts determined to be contingent rent. Contingent rent is generally amounts in excess of specified floors or the variable rent portion of our leases. The minimum lease payments are recognized on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the life of the lease and the contingent rent portion of the lease payments are recognized as earned, both in accordance with ASC 842.
(2) Amounts represent the non-cash adjustment to the minimum lease payments from sales-type leases and lease financing receivables in order to recognize income on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the term of the leases.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
At March 31, 2024, minimum lease payments owed to us for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter under sales-type leases and our leases accounted for as financing receivables, are as follows:
Minimum Lease Payments (1) (2)
Investments in Leases
(In thousands)Sales-TypeFinancing Receivables
Total
2024 (remaining)$1,264,119 $927,821 $2,191,940 
20251,712,651 1,255,715 2,968,366 
20261,738,942 1,278,993 3,017,935 
20271,766,012 1,302,838 3,068,850 
20281,794,287 1,327,400 3,121,687 
20291,823,029 1,352,442 3,175,471 
Thereafter76,719,989 88,476,087 165,196,076 
Total$86,819,029 $95,921,296 $182,740,325 
Weighted Average Lease Term (2)
37.7 years48.5 years42.5 years
____________________
(1) Minimum lease payments do not include contingent rent, as discussed above, that may be received under the lease agreements.
(2) The minimum lease payments and weighted average remaining lease term includes the non-cancelable lease term and any tenant renewal options that we determined were reasonably assured, consistent with our conclusions under ASC 842 and ASC 310.
Lease Provisions
As of March 31, 2024, we owned 93 assets leased under 18 separate lease agreements with our tenants, certain of which are master lease agreements governing multiple properties and certain of which are for single assets. Our lease agreements are generally long-term in nature with initial terms ranging from 15 to 32 years and are structured with several tenant renewal options extending the term of the lease for another 5 to 30 years. All of our lease agreements provide for annual base rent escalations, which may be fixed or variable over the life of the lease. The rent escalation provisions range from providing for a flat annual increase of 1% to 2% to an annual increase of 1% in the earlier years and the greater of 2% or CPI in later years, which may be subject to a maximum CPI-based cap with respect to each annual rent increase. Additionally, certain of our lease agreements provide for a variable rent component in which a portion of the annual rent, generally 20%, are subject to adjustment based on the revenues of the underlying asset in specified periods.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
The following is a summary of the material lease provisions of our leases with Caesars and MGM, our two most significant tenants (each, as may be amended from time to time, and each individually, as defined in the respective header):
($ In thousands)MGM Master LeaseCaesars Regional Master Lease and Joliet LeaseCaesars Las Vegas
Master Lease		MGM Grand/
Mandalay Bay Lease
Lease Provision
Initial term25 years18 years18 years30 years
Initial term maturity4/30/20477/31/20357/31/20352/28/2050
Renewal terms
Three, ten-year terms
Four, five-year terms
Four, five-year terms
Two, ten-year terms
Current lease year5/1/24-4/30/25
(Lease Year 3)		11/1/23 – 10/31/24
(Lease Year 7)		11/1/23 – 10/31/24
(Lease Year 7)		3/1/24 – 2/29/25 (Lease Year 5)
Current annual rent
$759,492
$728,407 (1)
$469,219
$316,070
Annual escalator (2)
Lease years 2-10 – 2%
Lease years 11-end of term – > 2% / change in CPI (capped at 3%)
Lease years 2-5 – 1.5%
Lease years 6-end of term – > 2.0% / change in CPI
> 2% / change in CPI
Lease years 2-15 – 2%
Lease years 16-end of term – >2% / change in CPI (capped at 3%)
Variable rent adjustment (3)
None
Year 8: 70% base rent / 30% variable rent
Years 11 & 16: 80% base rent / 20% variable rent
Years 8, 11 & 16: 80% base rent / 20% variable rent
None
Variable rent adjustment calculationNone
4% of revenue increase/decrease:
Year 8: Avg. of years 5-7 less avg. of years 0-2
Year 11: Avg. of years 8-10 less avg. of years 5-7
Year 16: Avg. of years 13-15 less avg. of years 8-10
4% of revenue increase/decrease:
Year 8: Avg. of years 5-7 less avg. of years 0-2
Year 11: Avg. of years 8-10 less avg. of years 5-7
Year 16: Avg. of years 13-15 less avg. of years 8-10
None
____________________
(1) Current annual rent with respect to the Joliet Lease is presented prior to accounting for the non-controlling interest, or rent payable, to the 20% third-party ownership of Harrah’s Joliet LandCo LLC. After adjusting for the 20% non-controlling interest, combined current annual rent under the Caesars Regional Master Lease and Joliet Lease is $719.0 million.
(2) Any amounts representing rents in excess of the CPI floors specified above are considered contingent rent in accordance with GAAP.
(3) Variable rent is not subject to the annual escalator.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Capital Expenditure Requirements
We manage our residual asset risk through protective covenants in our lease agreements, which require the tenant to, among other things, hold specific insurance coverage, engage in ongoing maintenance of the property and invest in capital improvements. With respect to the capital improvements, the lease agreements specify certain minimum amounts that our tenants must spend on capital expenditures that constitute installation, restoration and repair or other improvements of items with respect to the leased properties. The following table summarizes the capital expenditure requirements of our tenants under their respective lease agreements:
ProvisionCaesars Regional Master Lease and Joliet LeaseCaesars Las Vegas Master LeaseMGM Grand/ Mandalay Bay LeaseVenetian Lease
All Other Gaming Leases (1)
Yearly minimum expenditure
1% of net revenues (2)
1% of net revenues (2)
3.5% of net revenues based on 5-year rolling test, 1.5% monthly reserves
2% of net revenues based on rolling three-year basis
1% of net revenues
Rolling three-year minimum (3)
$286 million$84 millionN/AN/AN/A
____________________
(1) Represents the tenants under our other gaming lease agreements not specifically outlined in the table, as specified in the respective lease agreements.
(2) The leases with Caesars require a $107.5 million floor on annual capital expenditures for Caesars Palace Las Vegas, Harrah’s Joliet and the Caesars Regional Master Lease properties in the aggregate. Additionally, annual building & improvement capital improvements must be equal to or greater than 1% of prior year net revenues.
(3) Certain tenants under our leases with Caesars, as applicable, are required to spend $380.3 million on capital expenditures (excluding gaming equipment) over a rolling three-year period, with $286.0 million allocated to the regional assets, $84.0 million allocated to Caesars Palace Las Vegas and the remaining balance of $10.3 million to facilities (other than the Harrah’s Las Vegas Facility) covered by any Caesars lease in such proportion as such tenants may elect. Additionally, the tenants under the Caesars Regional Master Lease and Joliet Lease are required to expend a minimum of $531.9 million on capital expenditures (including gaming equipment) across certain of its affiliates and other assets, together with the $380.3 million requirement.
Investments in Loans and Securities
The following is a summary of our investments in loans and securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
($ In thousands)March 31, 2024
Investment TypePrincipal Balance
Carrying Value (1)
Future Funding Commitments (2)
Weighted Average Interest Rate (3)
Weighted Average Term (4)
Senior Secured Notes (5)
$85,000 $81,303 $— 11.0 %7.0 years
Senior Secured Loans441,425 435,265 543,151 7.4 %5.2 years
Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity722,200 708,420 255,509 9.7 %4.4 years
Total$1,248,625 $1,224,988 $798,660 9.0 %4.8 years
($ In thousands)December 31, 2023
Investment TypePrincipal Balance
Carrying Value (1)
Future Funding Commitments (2)
Weighted Average Interest Rate (3)
Weighted Average Term (4)
Senior Secured Notes (5)
$85,000 $73,818 $— 11.0 %7.3 years
Senior Secured Loans392,250 386,274 476,395 7.3 %5.4 years
Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity698,861 684,085 278,848 9.8 %4.6 years
Total$1,176,111 $1,144,177 $755,243 9.0 %5.1 years
____________________
(1) Carrying value includes unamortized loan origination costs and are net of allowance for credit losses.
(2) Our future funding commitments are subject to our borrowers’ compliance with the financial covenants and other applicable provisions of each respective loan agreement.
(3) The weighted average interest rate is based on current outstanding principal balance and SOFR, as applicable for floating rate loans, as of March 31, 2024.
(4) Assumes all extension options are exercised; however, our loans may be repaid, subject to certain conditions, prior to such date.
(5) Represents our investment in the Hard Rock Ottawa Notes, which are accounted for as held-to-maturity securities.
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(UNAUDITED)
Note 5 — Allowance for Credit Losses
Under ASC 326, we are required to estimate and record non-cash credit losses related to our historical and any future investments in sales-type leases, lease financing receivables, loans and securities classified as held-to-maturity.
The following tables detail the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
March 31, 2024
($ In thousands)Amortized Cost
Allowance (1)
Net InvestmentAllowance as a % of Amortized Cost
Investments in leases – sales-type$23,787,027 $(801,190)$22,985,837 3.37 %
Investments in leases – financing receivables18,978,214 (711,502)18,266,712 3.75 %
Investments in loans and securities1,247,013 (22,026)1,224,987 1.77 %
Other assets – sales-type sub-leases865,945 (21,009)844,936 2.43 %
Totals$44,878,199 $(1,555,727)$43,322,472 3.47 %
December 31, 2023
($ In thousands)Amortized Cost
Allowance (1)
Net InvestmentAllowance as a % of Amortized Cost
Investments in leases – sales-type$23,717,060 $(701,129)$23,015,931 2.96 %
Investments in leases – financing receivables18,914,734 (703,632)18,211,102 3.72 %
Investments in loans and securities1,173,949 (29,772)1,144,177 2.54 %
Other assets – sales-type sub-leases866,052 (18,722)847,330 2.16 %
Totals$44,671,795 $(1,453,255)$43,218,540 3.25 %
____________________
(1) The total allowance excludes the CECL allowance for unfunded commitments of our loans and for unfunded commitments made to our tenants to fund the development and construction of improvements at our properties. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, such allowance is $22.4 million and $19.1 million, respectively, and is recorded in Other liabilities.
The following chart reflects the roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses on our real estate portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Beginning Balance December 31,$1,472,386 $1,368,819 
Initial allowance from current period investments683 234,064 
Current period change in credit allowance105,019 (122,774)
Charge-offs— — 
Recoveries— — 
Ending Balance March 31,
$1,578,088 $1,480,109 
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized a $106.9 million increase in our allowance for credit losses primarily driven by the following:
•An increase in the R&S Period PD of several of our tenants and their parent guarantors (as applicable) as a result of their market performance during the quarter and changes in the macroeconomic model used to scenario condition such inputs; and
•Initial CECL allowances of $0.7 million on our $115.0 million loan origination activity during such period.
•This increase was partially offset as a result of standard annual updates to the CECL model used and certain related inputs, including the Long-Term Period PD.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized a $111.5 million increase in our allowance for credit losses primarily driven by the following:
•Initial CECL allowances of $229.6 million on our $5.7 billion of property acquisition activity and $4.5 million on our $85.0 million loan origination activity during such period; and
•A net increase as a result of standard annual updates to the CECL model used and certain related inputs, including the Long-Term Period PD.
•This increase was partially offset by an overall decrease in the R&S Period PD of our tenants and their parent guarantors (as applicable) as a result of their market performance during the quarter and changes in the macroeconomic model used to scenario condition such inputs.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and since our formation on October 6, 2017, all of our lease agreements and loan and security investments are current in payment of their obligations to us and no investments are on non-accrual status.
Credit Quality Indicators
We assess the credit quality of our investments through the credit ratings of the senior secured debt of the guarantors of our leases, as we believe that our lease agreements have a similar credit profile to a senior secured debt instrument. The credit quality indicators are reviewed by us on a quarterly basis as of quarter-end. In instances where the guarantor of one of our lease agreements does not have senior secured debt with a credit rating, we use either a comparable proxy company or the overall corporate credit rating, as applicable. We also use this credit rating to determine the Long-Term Period PD when estimating credit losses for each investment.
The following tables detail the amortized cost basis of our investments by the credit quality indicator we assigned to each lease or loan guarantor as of March 31, 2024 and 2023:
March 31, 2024
(In thousands)Ba2Ba3B1B2B3
N/A (2)
Total
Investments in leases – sales-type and financing receivable, Investments in loans and securities and Other assets (1)
$4,335,345 $33,075,168 $3,696,857 $883,345 $1,317,042 $1,570,442 $44,878,199 
March 31, 2023
(In thousands)Ba2Ba3B1B2B3
N/A (2)
Total
Investments in leases – sales-type and financing receivable, Investments in loans and securities and Other assets (1)
$4,264,385 $33,078,752 $3,208,259 $877,306 $875,296 $419,770 $42,723,768 
____________________
(1)Excludes the CECL allowance for unfunded commitments recorded in Other liabilities as such commitments are not currently reflected on our Balance Sheet, rather the CECL allowance is based on our current best estimate of future funding commitments.
(2)We estimate the CECL allowance for our loan investments using a traditional commercial real estate model based on standardized credit metrics to estimate potential losses.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Note 6 — Other Assets and Other Liabilities
Other Assets
The following table details the components of our other assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
(In thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Sales-type sub-leases, net (1)
$844,936 $847,330 
Property and equipment used in operations, net68,240 66,946 
Right of use assets and sub-lease right of use assets36,608 38,345 
Deferred acquisition costs11,952 10,087 
Debt financing costs10,564 11,332 
Other receivables9,965 9,660 
Interest receivable9,689 9,351 
Deferred income taxes8,997 9,423 
Tenant receivables7,860 6,236 
Prepaid expenses4,458 4,728 
Forward-starting interest rate swaps— 1,563 
Other1,444 329 
Total other assets$1,014,713 $1,015,330 
____________________
(1) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, sales-type sub-leases are net of $21.0 million and $18.7 million of Allowance for credit losses, respectively. Refer to Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses for further details.
Other Liabilities
The following table details the components of our other liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
(In thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Finance sub-lease liabilities$865,945 $866,052 
Deferred financing liabilities73,600 73,600 
Lease liabilities and sub-lease liabilities36,608 38,345 
CECL allowance for unfunded commitments22,361 19,131 
Deferred income taxes4,490 4,506 
Derivative liability— 11,218 
Other250 250 
Total other liabilities$1,003,254 $1,013,102 
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Note 7— Debt
The following tables detail our debt obligations as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
($ In thousands)March 31, 2024
Description of DebtMaturityInterest RatePrincipal Amount
Carrying Value (1)
Revolving Credit Facility
USD Borrowings (2)
March 31, 2026
SOFR + 1.05%
$— $— 
CAD Borrowings (2)
March 31, 2026
CDOR + 1.05%
158,778 158,778 
GBP Borrowings (2)
March 31, 2026
SONIA + 1.05%
11,362 11,362 
MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS DebtMarch 5, 2032
3.558%
3,000,000 2,780,394 
2025 Maturities
3.500% NotesFebruary 15, 20253.500%750,000 747,948 
4.375% NotesMay 15, 20254.375%500,000 498,253 
4.625% NotesJune 15, 20254.625%800,000 792,241 
2026 Maturities
4.500% NotesSeptember 1, 20264.500%500,000 487,768 
4.250% NotesDecember 1, 20264.250%1,250,000 1,242,391 
2027 Maturities
5.750% NotesFebruary 1, 20275.750%750,000 756,246 
3.750% NotesFebruary 15, 20273.750%750,000 745,181 
2028 Maturities
4.500% NotesJanuary 15, 20284.500%350,000 340,319 
4.750% NotesFebruary 15, 2028
4.516% (3)
1,250,000 1,240,367 
2029 Maturities
3.875% NotesFebruary 15, 20293.875%750,000 694,429 
4.625% NotesDecember 1, 20294.625%1,000,000 990,931 
2030 Maturities
4.950% NotesFebruary 15, 2030
4.541% (3)
1,000,000 989,636 
4.125% NotesAugust 15, 20304.125%1,000,000 990,491 
2032 Maturities
5.125% NotesMay 15, 2032
3.980% (3)
1,500,000 1,483,346 
2034 Maturities
5.750% NotesApril 1, 2034
5.694% (3)
550,000 540,461 
2052 Maturities
5.625% NotesMay 15, 20525.625%750,000 735,977 
2054 Maturities
6.125% NotesApril 1, 2054
6.125%
500,000 485,220 
Total Debt
4.364% (4)
$17,120,140 $16,711,739 
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
($ In thousands)December 31, 2023
Description of Debt
Maturity		Interest RatePrincipal Amount
Carrying Value (1)
Revolving Credit Facility
USD Borrowings (2)
March 31, 2026
SOFR + 1.05%
$— $— 
CAD Borrowings (2)
March 31, 2026
CDOR + 1.05%
162,346 162,346 
GBP Borrowings (2)
March 31, 2026
SONIA + 1.05%
11,458 11,458 
MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS DebtMarch 5, 20323.56%3,000,000 2,773,758 
2024 Maturities
5.625% NotesMay 1, 20245.625%1,050,000 1,051,280 
2025 Maturities
3.500% NotesFebruary 15, 20253.500%750,000 747,364 
4.375% NotesMay 15, 20254.375%500,000 497,864 
4.625% NotesJune 15, 20254.625%800,000 790,641 
2026 Maturities
4.500% NotesSeptember 1, 20264.500%500,000 486,520 
4.250% NotesDecember 1, 20264.250%1,250,000 1,241,678 
2027 Maturities
5.750% NotesFebruary 1, 20275.750%750,000 756,800 
3.75% NotesFebruary 15, 20273.750%750,000 744,762 
2028 Maturities
4.500% NotesJanuary 15, 20284.500%350,000 339,689 
4.750% NotesFebruary 15, 2028
4.516% (3)
1,250,000 1,239,594 
2029 Maturities
3.875% NotesFebruary 15, 20293.875%750,000 691,692 
4.625% NotesDecember 1, 20294.625%1,000,000 990,531 
2030 Maturities
4.950% NotesFebruary 15, 2030
4.541% (3)
1,000,000 989,347 
4.125% NotesAugust 15, 20304.125%1,000,000 990,111 
2032 Maturities
5.125% NotesMay 15, 2032
3.980% (3)
1,500,000 1,482,836 
2052 Maturities
5.625% NotesMay 15, 20525.625%750,000 735,854 
Total Debt
4.351% (4)
$17,123,804 $16,724,125 
____________________
(1)Carrying value is net of unamortized original issue discount and unamortized debt issuance costs incurred in conjunction with debt.
(2)Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate based on a credit rating-based pricing grid with a range of 0.775% to 1.325% margin plus SOFR (or CDOR or SONIA, as applicable), depending on our credit ratings, with an additional 0.10% adjustment. Additionally, the commitment fees under the Revolving Credit Facility are calculated on a credit rating-based pricing grid with a range of 0.15% to 0.375%, for both instruments depending on our credit ratings. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the commitment fee for the Revolving Credit Facility was 0.250%.
(3)Interest rates represent the contractual interest rates adjusted to account for the impact of the forward-starting interest rate swaps and treasury locks (as further described in Note 8 – Derivatives). The contractual interest rates on the April 2022 Notes (as defined below) maturing 2028, 2030 and 2032 are 4.750%, 4.950% and 5.125%, respectively, and the contractual interest rate on the March 2024 Notes (as defined below) maturing 2034 is 5.750%.
(4)The interest rate represents the weighted average interest rates of the Senior Unsecured Notes adjusted to account for the impact of the forward-starting interest rate swaps (as further described in Note 8 – Derivatives), as applicable. The contractual weighted average interest rate as of March 31, 2024, which excludes the impact of the forward-starting interest rate swaps and treasury locks, was 4.51%.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
The following table is a schedule of future minimum principal payments of our debt obligations as of March 31, 2024:
(In thousands)Future Minimum Principal Payments
2024 (remaining)$— 
20252,050,000 
20261,920,140 
20271,500,000 
20281,600,000 
20291,750,000 
Thereafter8,300,000 
Total minimum principal payments$17,120,140 
Senior Unsecured Notes
As set forth in the above table, our outstanding senior unsecured notes consist of (i) $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes issued on November 26, 2019 (the “November 2019 Notes”), (ii) $2.5 billion aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes issued on February 5, 2020 (the “February 2020 Notes”), (iii) $5.0 billion aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes issued on April 29, 2022 (the “April 2022 Notes”), (iv) approximately $3.1 billion aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes issued on April 29, 2022, in each case issued by VICI LP and VICI Note Co. Inc. (the “Exchange Notes”), (v) approximately $64.2 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes, which were originally issued by MGM Growth Properties Operating Partnership LP and a co-issuer (the “MGP OP Notes”) and remain outstanding following the issuance of the Exchange Notes pursuant to the exchange offer and consent solicitation for the then-outstanding MGP OP Notes, which settled in connection with the completion of our acquisition of MGP on April 29, 2022 and (vi) $1.05 billion aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes issued on March 18, 2024 (the “March 2024 Notes”), as described in more detail below (collectively, the “Senior Unsecured Notes”). Subject to the terms and conditions of the respective indentures, each series of Senior Unsecured Notes is redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, at any time for a specified period prior to the maturity date of such series at the redemption prices set forth in the respective indenture governing such series. In addition, we may redeem some or all of such notes prior to such respective dates at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a “make-whole” premium.
On March 18, 2024, VICI LP issued the March 2024 Notes, comprised of (i) $550.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.750% Senior Notes due 2034, which mature on April 1, 2034, and (ii) $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Notes due 2054, which mature on April 1, 2054, in each case under a supplemental indenture dated as of March 18, 2024, between VICI LP and the Trustee. We used the net proceeds of the March 2024 Senior Notes to redeem our then-outstanding (i) $1,024.2 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.625% Senior Notes due 2024, and (ii) $25.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.625% MGP OP Notes due 2024.
Guarantee and Financial Covenants
None of the Senior Unsecured Notes are guaranteed by any subsidiaries of VICI LP. The Exchange Notes, the MGP OP Notes, the April 2022 Notes and the March 2024 Notes benefit from a pledge of the limited partnership interests of VICI LP directly owned by VICI OP (the “Limited Equity Pledge”). The Limited Equity Pledge has also been granted in favor of (i) the administrative agent and the lenders under the Credit Agreement, and (ii) the trustee under the indentures governing, and the holders of, the November 2019 Notes and the February 2020 Notes.
Pursuant to the terms of the respective indentures, in the event that the November 2019 Notes, February 2020 Notes and Exchange Notes (i) are rated investment grade by at least two of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch and (ii) no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing under the respective indentures, VICI LP and its restricted subsidiaries will no longer be subject to certain of the restrictive covenants under such indentures. On April 18, 2022, the November 2019 Notes, February 2020 Notes and Exchange Notes were rated investment grade by each of S&P and Fitch and VICI LP notified the Trustee of such Suspension Date (as defined in the indentures). Accordingly, VICI LP and its restricted subsidiaries are no longer subject to certain of the restrictive covenants under such indentures, but are subject to a maintenance covenant requiring VICI LP and its restricted subsidiaries to maintain a certain total unencumbered assets to unsecured debt ratio. In the event that the November 2019 Notes, February 2020 Notes and Exchange Notes are no longer rated investment grade by at least two of S&P, Moody’s
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
and Fitch, then VICI LP and its restricted subsidiaries will again be subject to all of the covenants of the respective indentures, as applicable, but will no longer be subject to the maintenance covenant.
The indenture governing the April 2022 Notes and March 2024 Notes contains certain covenants that limit the ability of VICI LP and its subsidiaries to incur secured and unsecured indebtedness and VICI LP to consummate a merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of its assets. In addition, VICI LP is required to maintain total unencumbered assets of at least 150% of total unsecured indebtedness. These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications.
Unsecured Credit Facilities
On February 8, 2022, we entered into a credit agreement by and among VICI LP, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended from time to time (“Credit Agreement”), providing for a revolving credit facility in the amount of $2.5 billion scheduled to mature on March 31, 2026 (“Revolving Credit Facility”).
The Revolving Credit Facility includes two six-month maturity extension options the exercise of which is subject to customary conditions and the payment of an extension fee of 0.0625% on the extended commitments. Additionally, the Revolving Credit Facility includes the option to increase the revolving loan commitments by up to $1.0 billion to the extent that any one or more lenders (from the syndicate or otherwise) agree to provide such additional credit extensions. On July 15, 2022, the Credit Agreement was amended pursuant to a First Amendment among VICI LP and the lenders party thereto, in order to permit borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility in certain foreign currencies in an aggregate principal amount of up to the equivalent of $1.25 billion. On August 4, 2023, the Credit Agreement was amended pursuant to a Second Amendment among VICI LP and the lenders party thereto, in order to replace certain of the participating lenders.  
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility will bear interest, at VICI LP’s option, at a benchmark rate based on SOFR (or CDOR for Canadian dollars or SONIA for Sterling) (including a credit spread adjustment) plus a margin ranging from 0.775% to 1.325% or a base rate (or Canadian prime rate for Canadian dollars) plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.325%, in each case, with the actual margin determined according to VICI LP’s debt ratings. The base rate is the highest of (i) the prime rate of interest last quoted by the Wall Street Journal in the U.S. then in effect, (ii) the NYFRB rate from time to time plus 0.5% and (iii) the SOFR rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.0%, subject in each case to a floor of 1.0%. The Canadian prime rate is the highest of (i) the PRIMCAN Index rate and (ii) the average rate for thirty-day Canadian Dollar bankers’ acceptance quoted by Reuters plus 1.0%, subject in each case to a floor of 1.0%. In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility requires the payment of a facility fee ranging from 0.15% to 0.375% (depending on VICI LP’s debt rating) of total revolving commitments.
Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, VICI LP is subject to, among other things, customary covenants and the maintenance of various financial covenants. The Credit Agreement is consistent with certain tax-related requirements related to security for the Company’s debt.
In connection with our Canadian and United Kingdom foreign currency transactions, we’ve drawn C$215.0 million and £9.0 million, respectively, on the Revolving Credit Facility, the balances of which remain outstanding as of March 31, 2024.
MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS Debt
On January 9, 2023, as a result of our acquisition of the remaining 49.9% interest in the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV (“MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV Interest Acquisition”), we consolidated the assets and liabilities of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV, which includes the $3.0 billion in principal amount of outstanding CMBS debt (the “MGM Grand/ Mandalay Bay CMBS Debt”). The MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS Debt was originally incurred on February 14, 2020 pursuant to a loan agreement (as amended from time to time, the “MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS Loan Agreement”), and is secured primarily by mortgages on certain affiliates of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV’s fee interest in the real estate assets related to the MGM Grand Las Vegas and the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino. The MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS Debt matures in March 2032 and bears interest at 3.558% per annum until March 2030 at which time the rate can change in accordance with the terms of the MGM Grand Mandalay Bay CMBS Loan Agreement until maturity. The MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS Loan Agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default, including, among other things, restrictions on the ability of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV and certain of its affiliates to incur additional debt and transfer, pledge or assign certain equity interests or its assets, and covenants requiring certain affiliates of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV to exist as “special purpose entities,” maintain certain ongoing reserve funds and comply with other customary obligations for commercial mortgage-backed securities loan financings.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Financial Covenants
As described above, our debt obligations are subject to certain customary financial and protective covenants that restrict VICI LP, VICI PropCo and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, sell certain asset and restrict certain payments, among other things. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the ability to make restricted payments to maintain our REIT status. At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under our debt obligations.
Note 8 — Derivatives
The following table details our outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk as of December 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there were no derivative instruments outstanding.
($ In thousands)December 31, 2023
InstrumentNumber of InstrumentsFixed RateNotionalIndexMaturity
Forward-starting interest rate swap73.6685%$500,000 USD SOFR- COMPOUNDMarch 6, 2034
Forward-Starting Derivatives
We have entered into, and subsequently settled, the following forward-starting derivatives and U.S. Treasury Rate Lock agreements to hedge against changes in future cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates from the trade date through the forecasted issuance of the respective senior unsecured notes. In each case, the derivatives were designated as cash-flow hedges and, accordingly, the unrealized gain in Accumulated other comprehensive income is amortized over the term of the respective derivative instruments, which matches that of the underlying note, as a reduction in interest expense.
•In connection with our March 2024 Notes offering, we entered into seven forward-starting interest rate swap agreements for a total aggregate notional amount of $500.0 million, which we settled in March 2024 for total net proceeds of $2.8 million.
•In connection with our April 2022 Notes offering, we entered into five forward-starting interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $2.5 billion and two U.S. Treasury Rate Lock agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $500.0 million, which we settled in April 2022 for total net proceeds of $206.8 million.
The following table presents the effect of our forward-starting derivative financial instruments on our Statement of Operations:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Unrealized gain (loss) recorded in other comprehensive income$12,482 $(7,393)
Reduction in interest expense related to the amortization of the forward-starting interest rate swaps and treasury locks(6,046)(6,037)
Net Investment Hedges
In connection with our foreign transactions in Canada and the United Kingdom, we drew C$215.0 million and £9.0 million, respectively, on the Revolving Credit Facility, which draws were used to reduce the impact of exchange rate variations associated with our investments, and, accordingly, have been designated as a hedge of the net investment in such entities. As non-derivative net investment hedges, the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the principal balances are recognized as a cumulative translation adjustment within accumulated other comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized $3.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, in unrealized gains related to such net investment hedges, which were recorded as a component of Foreign currency translation adjustments in the Statement of Operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Note 9 — Fair Value
The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
December 31, 2023
(In thousands)Fair Value
Carrying AmountLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Derivative instruments – forward-starting interest rate swaps (1)
$1,563 $— $1,563 $— 
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instruments - interest rate swaps (1)
$11,218 $— $11,218 $— 
___________________
(1) The fair values of our interest rate swap derivative instruments were estimated using advice from a third-party derivative specialist, based on contractual cash flows and observable inputs comprising interest rate curves and credit spreads, which are Level 2 measurements as defined under ASC 820.
The estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 for which fair value is only disclosed are as follows:
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(In thousands)Carrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair Value
Financial assets:
Investments in leases – financing receivables (1)
$18,266,712 $17,769,420 $18,211,102 $17,717,435 
Investments in loans and securities (2)
1,224,987 1,144,838 1,144,177 1,060,249 
Cash and cash equivalents485,318 485,318 522,574 522,574 
Financial liabilities:
Debt (3)
Revolving Credit Facility170,140 170,140 173,804 173,804 
MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS Debt2,780,394 2,647,054 2,773,758 2,627,984 
Senior Unsecured Notes13,761,205 13,400,888 13,776,563 13,469,176 
____________________
(1)Represents our asset acquisitions structured as sale leaseback transactions. In accordance with ASC 842, since the lease agreements were determined to meet the definition of a sales-type lease and control of the asset is not considered to have been transferred to us, such lease agreements are accounted for as financings under ASC 310. Except as noted below, the fair value of these assets is based on significant “unobservable” market inputs and, as such, these fair value measurements are considered Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. In relation to the Century Canadian portfolio component of the Century master lease agreement, the master lease agreement for the Bowlero portfolio and the lease agreement for Chelsea Piers, given the proximity of the date of our investment to the date of the Financial Statements, we determined that the fair value materially approximates the purchase price of the acquisition of these financial assets.
(2)The fair value of investments in loans is based on significant “unobservable” market inputs and, as such, these fair value measurements are considered Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our senior secured notes was estimated using quoted prices for identical or similar liabilities in markets that are not active and, as such, these fair value measurements are considered Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
(3)The fair value of our debt instruments was estimated using quoted prices for identical or similar liabilities in markets that are not active and, as such, these fair value measurements are considered Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Note 10 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Litigation
In the ordinary course of business, from time to time, we may be subject to legal claims and administrative proceedings. As of March 31, 2024, we are not subject to any litigation that we believe could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, liquidity or cash flows.
Lease Commitments
•Operating Lease Commitments. We are liable under various operating leases for: (i) land at the Cascata golf course, which expires in 2038 and has three 10-year extension options, and (ii) our corporate headquarters in New York, NY, which expires in 2035 and has one five-year renewal option.
•Sub-Lease Commitments. Certain of our acquisitions necessitate that we assume, as the lessee, ground and use leases that are integral to the operations of the property, the cost of which is passed to our tenants through our lease agreements, which require the tenants to pay all costs associated with such ground and use leases and provide for their direct payment to the landlord.
We have determined we are the primary obligor of certain of such ground and use leases and, accordingly, have presented these leases on a gross basis on our Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations.
For the ground and use leases determined to be operating leases, we recorded a sub-lease right-of-use assets in Other assets and sub-lease liabilities in Other liabilities. For ground and lease uses determined to be finance leases, we recorded a sales-type sub-lease in Other assets and finance sub-lease liability in Other liabilities.
The following table details the balance and location in our Balance Sheet of the ground and use sub-leases as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
(In thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Others assets (operating lease and sub-leases right-of-use assets)$36,608 $38,345 
Other liabilities (operating lease and sub-lease liabilities)36,608 38,345 
Others assets (sales-type sub-leases, net) (1)
844,936 847,330 
Other liabilities (finance sub-lease liabilities)865,945 866,052 
___________________
(1) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, sales-type sub-leases are net of $21.0 million and $18.7 million of allowance for credit losses, respectively. Refer to Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses for further details.
Total rental expense for operating lease commitments and total rental income and rental expense for operating and Finance sub-lease commitments and contractual rent expense under these agreements were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Operating leases
Rental expense (1)
$732 $498 
Contractual rent713 473 
Operating sub-leases
Rental income and expense (2)
1,712 1,712 
Contractual rent1,680 1,631 
Finance sub-leases
Rental income and expense (2)
16,010 14,429 
Contractual rent15,705 14,281 
___________________
(1) Total rental expense is included in golf operations and general and administrative expenses in our Statement of Operations.
(2) Total rental income and rental expense for operating and finance sub-lease commitments are presented gross and included in Other income and Other expenses in our Statement of Operations.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
The future minimum lease commitments relating to the base lease rent portion of noncancelable operating leases and ground and use sub-leases at March 31, 2024 are as follows:
(In thousands)Operating Lease CommitmentsOperating Sub-Lease CommitmentsFinancing Sub-Lease Commitments
2024 (remaining)$886 $4,873 $49,397 
20252,026 5,129 65,268 
20262,772 3,934 65,268 
20272,792 4,010 65,268 
20282,813 3,034 65,331 
20292,835 2,094 65,898 
Thereafter20,680 — 2,696,253 
Total minimum lease commitments$34,804 $23,074 $3,072,683 
Discounting factor19,786 1,483 2,206,738 
Lease liability$15,018 $21,591 $865,945 
Discount rates (1)
5.3% – 7.0%
2.6% – 2.9%
5.6% – 8.3%
Weighted average remaining lease term12.5 years4.5 years52.4 years
____________________
(1) The discount rates for the leases were determined based on the yield of our then current secured borrowings, adjusted to match borrowings of similar terms.
Note 11 — Stockholder’s Equity
Stock
Authorized
As of March 31, 2024, we have the authority to issue 1,400,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of 1,350,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share.
Public Offerings
From time to time, we offer shares of our common stock through public offerings registered with the SEC. In connection with such offerings, we may issue and sell the offered shares of common stock upon settlement of the offering or, alternatively, enter into forward sale agreements with respect to all or a portion of the shares of common stock sold in such public offerings, pursuant to which the offered shares are borrowed by the forward sale purchasers and the issuance of such shares takes place upon settlement of the applicable forward sale agreement in accordance with its terms.
Forward Offerings
The following table summarizes our public offering activity subject to forward sale agreements during the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
($ In thousands, except share and per share data)
Effective Date (1)
Total Shares Sold (2)
Public Offering Price Per ShareAggregate Offering ValueInitial Forward Sale Price Per ShareInitial Net Value
2023
January 2023 OfferingJanuary 18, 202330,302,500 $33.00 $1,000,000 $31.85 $964,400 
___________________
(1)All forward sale agreements require settlement within one year of the Effective Date.
(2)The amounts are inclusive of 3,952,500 shares sold pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional common stock.
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

As of March 31, 2024, we did not have any shares outstanding from our marketed public forward offerings subject to forward sale agreements. Refer to “At-the-Market Offering Program” below for information regarding the share activity and shares outstanding under our ATM Program (as defined below). Refer to “Forward Settlement Activity” below for information regarding the settlement of the forward offerings.
We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares at the time we entered into the forward sale agreement. We determined that the forward sale agreement meets the criteria for equity classification and, therefore, is exempt from derivative accounting. We recorded the forward sale agreement at fair value at inception, which we determined to be zero. Subsequent changes to fair value are not required under equity classification.
At-the-Market Offering Program
On February 28, 2023, we entered into an equity distribution agreement, pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $1,500.0 million of our common stock and concurrently terminated our previous equity distribution agreement (collectively under both equity distribution agreements, the “ATM Program”). Sales of common stock, if any, made pursuant to the ATM Program may be sold in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act. The ATM Program also provides that the Company may sell shares of its common stock under the ATM Program through forward sale contracts. Actual sales under the ATM Program will depend on a variety of factors including market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, our capital needs, and our determination of the appropriate sources of funding to meet such needs.
The following table summarizes our activity under the ATM Program during the three months ended March 31, 2024, all of which were sold subject to forward sale agreements. We did not sell any shares under the ATM Program during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
(In thousands, except share and per share data)Number of SharesWeighted Average Share PriceAggregate ValueNet Forward Sales Price Per ShareAggregate Net Value
January 2024 ATM Forward Sale Agreement 9,662,116 $31.61 $305,466 $31.30 $302,411 

We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares at the time we entered into the January 2024 ATM Forward Sale Agreement. We determined that the January 2024 ATM Forward Sale Agreement meets the criteria for equity classification and, therefore, is exempt from derivative accounting. We recorded the January 2024 ATM Forward Sale Agreement at fair value at inception, which we determined to be zero. Subsequent changes to fair value are not required under equity classification.

As of March 31, 2024, we had approximately 22.9 million forward shares remaining to be settled under our ATM Program. The net forward sales price per share of forward shares under the ATM Program was $29.87 and would result in us receiving approximately $682.7 million in net cash proceeds if we were to physically settle the shares. Alternatively, if we were to cash settle the shares under the ATM Program, it would result in a cash inflow of $1.8 million, or, if we were to net share settle the shares under the January 2024 ATM Forward Sale Agreement, it would result in us receiving approximately 60,000 shares of common stock.
Forward Settlement Activity
The following table summarizes our settlement activity of the outstanding forward shares under our public offerings and the ATM Program during the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
(In thousands, except share and per share data)Settlement DateSettlement TypeNumber of Shares SettledNet Forward Sales Price Upon SettlementTotal Net Proceeds
2023
November 2022 Forward Sale AgreementsJanuary 6, 2023Physical18,975,000 $30.34 $575,600 
ATM Forward SharesVariousPhysical21,617,592 32.22 696,643 
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Common Stock Outstanding
The following table details the issuance of outstanding shares of common stock, including restricted common stock:
Three Months Ended March 31,
Common Stock Outstanding20242023
Beginning Balance January 1,1,042,702,763 963,096,563 
Issuance of common stock upon physical settlement of forward sale agreements— 40,592,592 
Issuance of restricted and unrestricted common stock under the stock incentive program, net of forfeitures434,268 515,763 
Ending Balance March 31,
1,043,137,031 1,004,204,918 
Distributions
Dividends declared (on a per share basis) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DatePeriodDividend
March 7, 2024March 21, 2024April 4, 2024January 1, 2024 – March 31, 2024$0.4150 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DatePeriodDividend
March 9, 2023March 23, 2023April 6, 2023January 1, 2023 – March 31, 2023$0.3900 
Note 12 — Earnings Per Share and Earnings Per Unit
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the additional dilution for all potentially dilutive securities such as stock options, unvested restricted shares, unvested performance-based restricted shares and the shares to be issued by us upon settlement of any outstanding forward sale agreements for the period such dilutive security is outstanding. The shares issuable upon settlement of any outstanding forward sale agreements, as described in Note 11 – Stockholder’s Equity, are reflected in the diluted earnings per share calculations using the treasury stock method for the period outstanding prior to settlement. Under this method, the number of shares of our common stock used in calculating diluted earnings per share is deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number of shares of common stock that would be issued upon full physical settlement of the shares under any outstanding forward sale agreements for the period prior to settlement over the number of shares of common stock that could be purchased by us in the market (based on the average market price during the period prior to settlement) using the proceeds receivable upon full physical settlement (based on the adjusted forward sales price immediately prior to settlement).
The following tables reconcile the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of basic earnings per share to the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Determination of shares:
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding1,042,405 1,001,527 
Assumed conversion of restricted stock412 1,073 
Assumed settlement of forward sale agreements495 1,232 
Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding1,043,312 1,003,831 
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)20242023
Basic:
Net income attributable to common stockholders$590,016 $518,740 
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding1,042,405 1,001,527 
Basic EPS$0.57 $0.52 
 
Diluted:
Net income attributable to common stockholders$590,016 $518,740 
Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding1,043,312 1,003,831 
Diluted EPS$0.57 $0.52 
Earnings Per Unit
The following section presents the basic earnings per unit (“EPU”) and diluted EPU of VICI OP, our operating partnership and the direct parent and 100% interest holder in VICI LP. VICI LP’s interests are not expressed in units. However, given that VICI OP has a unit ownership structure and the financial information of VICI OP is substantially identical with that of VICI LP, we have elected to present the EPU of VICI OP. Basic EPU is computed by dividing net income attributable to partners’ capital by the weighted-average number of units outstanding during the period. In accordance with the VICI OP limited liability company agreement, for each share of common stock issued at VICI, a corresponding unit is issued by VICI OP. Accordingly, diluted EPU reflects the additional dilution for all potentially dilutive units resulting from potentially dilutive VICI stock issuances, such as options, unvested restricted stock awards, unvested performance-based restricted stock unit awards and units to be issued by us upon settlement of any outstanding forward sale agreements of VICI for the period such dilutive security is outstanding. The units issuable upon settlement of any outstanding forward sale agreements of VICI are reflected in the diluted EPU calculations using the treasury stock method for the period outstanding prior to settlement. Under this method, the number of units used in calculating diluted EPU is deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number of units that would be issued upon full physical settlement of the units under any outstanding forward sale agreements for the period prior to settlement over the number of shares of VICI common stock that could be purchased by us in the market (based on the average market price during the period prior to settlement) using the proceeds receivable upon full physical settlement (based on the adjusted forward sales price immediately prior to settlement). Upon VICI’s physical settlement of the shares of VICI common stock under the outstanding forward sale agreement, the delivery of shares of VICI common stock resulted in an increase in the number of VICI OP Units outstanding and resulting dilution to EPU.
The following tables reconcile the weighted-average units outstanding used in the calculation of basic EPU to the weighted-average units outstanding used in the calculation of diluted EPU:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Determination of units:
Weighted-average units outstanding1,054,636 1,013,758 
Assumed conversion of VICI restricted stock412 1,073 
Assumed settlement of VICI forward sale agreements495 1,232 
Diluted weighted-average units outstanding1,055,543 1,016,063 
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Basic:
Net income attributable to partners$594,142 $522,076 
Weighted-average units outstanding1,054,636 1,013,758 
Basic EPU$0.56 $0.51 
 
Diluted:
Net income attributable to partners$594,142 $522,076 
Weighted-average units outstanding1,055,543 1,016,063 
Diluted EPU$0.56 $0.51 
Note 13 — Stock-Based Compensation
The 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is designed to provide long-term equity-based compensation to our directors and employees. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Awards under the Plan may be granted with respect to an aggregate of 12,750,000 shares of common stock and may be issued in the form of: (a) incentive stock options, (b) non-qualified stock options, (c) stock appreciation rights, (d) dividend equivalent rights, (e) restricted stock, (f) restricted stock units or (g) unrestricted stock. In addition, the Plan limits the total number of shares of common stock with respect to which awards may be granted to any employee or director during any one calendar year. At March 31, 2024, approximately 9.6 million shares of common stock remained available for issuance by us as equity awards under the Plan.
The following table details the stock-based compensation expense recorded as General and administrative expense in the Statement of Operations:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Stock-based compensation expense$3,793 $3,467 
The following table details the activity of our time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock units:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Incentive and Time-Based Restricted StockPerformance-Based Restricted Stock Units
SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueUnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period472 $27.44 765 $28.28 
Granted238 28.79 528 27.51 
Vested(159)29.75 (244)34.27 
Forfeited(41)29.97 (139)32.67 
Canceled— — — — 
Outstanding at end of period510 $27.15 910 $25.56 
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VICI PROPERTIES INC. AND VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Incentive and Time-Based Restricted StockPerformance-Based Restricted Stock Units
SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueUnitsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period507 $27.47 769 $22.88 
Granted173 34.25 475 28.59 
Vested(159)27.59 (363)19.90 
Forfeited(20)27.69 (116)19.90 
Canceled— — — — 
Outstanding at end of period501 $29.77 765 $28.28 
As of March 31, 2024, there was $30.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements under the Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.
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Item 2.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of the financial position and operating results of VICI Properties Inc. and VICI Properties L.P. for the three months ended March 31, 2024 should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and related notes thereto and other financial information contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, which were included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. All defined terms included herein have the same meaning as those set forth in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions, which constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities law. Forward-looking statements are based on our current plans, expectations and projections about future events. We therefore caution you against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They give our expectations about the future and are not guarantees. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements to materially differ from any future results, performance and achievements expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements and may be affected by a variety of risks and other factors, including, among others: the impact of changes in general economic conditions and market developments, including inflation, interest rates, supply chain disruptions, consumer confidence levels, changes in consumer spending, unemployment levels and depressed real estate prices resulting from the severity and duration of any downturn in the U.S. or global economy; the impact of increased interest rates on us, including our ability to successfully pursue investments in, and acquisitions of, additional properties and to obtain debt financing for such investments at attractive interest rates, or at all; risks associated with our recently closed transactions, including our ability or failure to realize the anticipated benefits thereof; our dependence on our tenants at our properties and their affiliates that serve as guarantors of the lease payments, and the negative consequences any material adverse effect on their respective businesses could have on us; the possibility that any future transactions may not be consummated on the terms or timeframes contemplated, or at all, including our ability to obtain the financing necessary to complete any acquisitions on the terms we expect in a timely manner, or at all, the ability of the parties to satisfy the conditions set forth in the definitive transaction documents, including the receipt of, or delays in obtaining, governmental and regulatory approvals and consents required to consummate such transactions, or other delays or impediments to completing the transactions; the anticipated benefits of certain arrangements with certain tenants in connection with our funding of “same store” capital improvements in exchange for increased rent pursuant to the terms of our agreements with such tenants, which we refer to as the Partner Property Growth Fund; our ability to exercise our purchase rights under our put-call agreements, call agreements, right of first refusal agreements and right of first offer agreements; our borrowers’ ability to repay their outstanding loan obligations to us; our dependence on the gaming industry; our ability to pursue our business and growth strategies may be limited by the requirement that we distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income in order to qualify for taxation as a REIT and that we distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income in order to avoid current entity-level U.S. federal income taxes; the impact of extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities; the ability of our tenants to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals in connection with the operation of our properties, or the imposition of conditions to such regulatory approvals; the possibility that our tenants may choose not to renew their respective lease agreements following the initial or subsequent terms of the leases; restrictions on our ability to sell our properties subject to the lease agreements; our tenants and any guarantors’ historical results may not be a reliable indicator of their future results; our substantial amount of indebtedness, and ability to service, refinance and otherwise fulfill our obligations under such indebtedness; our historical financial information may not be reliable indicators of, our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows; the possibility that we identify significant environmental, tax, legal or other issues, including additional costs or liabilities, that materially and adversely impact the value of assets acquired or secured as collateral (or other benefits we expect to receive) in any of our recently completed transactions; the impact of changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws; the possibility of adverse tax consequences as a result of our recently completed transactions, including tax protection agreements to which we are a party; increased volatility in our stock price, including as a result of our recently completed transactions; our inability to maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT; the impact of climate change, natural disasters, war, political and public health conditions or uncertainty or civil unrest, violence or terrorist activities or threats on our properties and changes in
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economic conditions or heightened travel security and health measures instituted in response to these events; the loss of the services of key personnel; the inability to attract, retain and motivate employees; the costs and liabilities associated with environmental compliance; failure to establish and maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls; our reliance on distributions received from our subsidiaries, including VICI OP, to make distributions to our stockholders; the potential impact on the amount of our cash distributions if we were to sell any of our properties in the future; our ability to continue to make distributions to holders of our common stock or maintain anticipated levels of distributions over time; competition for transaction opportunities, including from other REITs, investment companies, private equity firms and hedge funds, sovereign funds, lenders, gaming companies and other investors that may have greater resources and access to capital and a lower cost of capital or different investment parameters than us; and additional factors discussed herein and listed from time to time as “Risk Factors” in our filings with the SEC, including without limitation, in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.
Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risk that actual results, performance and achievements will differ materially from the expectations expressed herein will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the Federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in forward-looking statements, the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us.
OVERVIEW
We are a Maryland corporation that is primarily engaged in the business of owning and acquiring gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations, subject to long-term triple net leases. We own 93 experiential assets across a geographically diverse portfolio consisting of 54 gaming properties and 39 other experiential properties across the United States and Canada, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas, MGM Grand and the Venetian Resort, three of the most iconic entertainment facilities on the Las Vegas Strip. Our properties are occupied by industry-leading gaming, leisure and hospitality operators under long-term, triple-net lease agreements. We have a growing array of real estate and financing partnerships with leading operators in other experiential sectors, including Bowlero, Cabot, Canyon Ranch, Chelsea Piers, Great Wolf Resorts, Homefield, and Kalahari Resorts. Across approximately 127 million square feet, our well-maintained properties are currently located across urban, destination and drive-to markets in twenty-six states and Canada, contain approximately 60,300 hotel rooms and feature over 500 restaurants, bars, nightclubs and sportsbooks.
Our portfolio also includes certain real estate debt investments that we have originated for strategic reasons, primarily in connection with transactions that either do or may provide the potential to convert our investment into the ownership of certain of the underlying real estate in the future. In addition, we own approximately 33 acres of undeveloped or underdeveloped land on and adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip that is leased to Caesars, which we may look to monetize as appropriate. As of March 31, 2024, our properties are 100% leased with a weighted average lease term, including extension options, of approximately 42.5 years. VICI also owns four championship golf courses located near certain of our properties, two of which are in close proximity to the Las Vegas Strip.
We believe we have a mutually beneficial relationship with each of our tenants, all of which are leading owners and operators of gaming, entertainment and leisure properties. Our long-term triple-net lease agreements with our tenants provide us with a highly predictable revenue stream with embedded growth potential. We believe our geographic diversification limits the effect of changes in any one market on our overall performance. We are focused on driving long-term total returns through managing experiential asset growth and allocating capital diligently, maintaining a highly productive tenant base, and optimizing our capital structure to support external growth. As a growth focused public real estate investment trust with long-term investments, we expect our relationship with our partners will position us for the acquisition of additional properties across leisure and hospitality over the long-term.
Our portfolio is competitively positioned and well-maintained. Pursuant to the terms of our lease agreements, which require our tenants to invest in our properties, and in line with our tenants’ commitment to build guest loyalty, we anticipate our tenants will continue to make strategic value-enhancing investments in our properties over time, helping to maintain their competitive position. Our long-term triple-net leases provide our tenants with complete control over management at our leased properties, including sole responsibility for all operations and related expenses, including property taxes, insurance and maintenance, repair, improvement and other capital expenditures, as well as over the implementation of environmental sustainability and other initiatives.
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We conduct our operations as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders and maintain our qualification as a REIT. We believe VICI’s election of REIT status, combined with the income generation from the lease agreements and loans, will enhance our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, providing investors with current income as well as long-term growth, subject to the macroeconomic environment, other global events and market conditions more broadly. We conduct our real property business through VICI OP and our golf course business through a TRS, VICI Golf.
The financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is our consolidated results (including the real property business and the golf course business) for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Impact of Material Trends on Our Business
Recent macroeconomic volatility has introduced significant uncertainty and heightened risk for businesses, including us and our tenants, including the impact of recent and potential future interest rate increases, inflation and increased cost of capital. Our tenants also face additional challenges, including potential changes in consumer confidence levels, which may impact behavior and spending, and increased operational expenses, such as with respect to labor or energy costs. As a triple-net lessor, increased operational expenses at our leased properties are borne by our tenants and do not directly impact their rent obligations (other than with respect to underlying inflation as applied to the CPI-based escalators) or other obligations under our lease agreements. As a triple-net lessor, we believe we are generally in a strong creditor position and structurally insulated from operational and performance impacts of our tenants, both positive and negative. However, the full extent to which these trends adversely affect our tenants and/or ultimately impact us depends on future developments that cannot be predicted with confidence, including our tenants’ financial performance, the direct and indirect effects of such trends (including among other things, interest rate changes, inflation, economic recessions, consumer confidence levels and general conditions in the capital and credit markets) and the impact of any future measures taken in response to such trends on our tenants.
For more information, refer to the sections entitled “Key Trends That May Affect Our Business” and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and as updated from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.
SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES DURING 2024
Acquisition and Leasing Activity
•Venetian Capital Investment. Subsequent to quarter-end, on May 1, 2024, we entered into an agreement to provide up to $700.0 million of capital to the Ventian Resort for extensive reinvestment projects through our Partner Property Growth Fund strategy (the “Venetian Capital Investment”). The Venetian Capital Investment is comprised of $400.0 million to be funded in 2024 and an incremental $300.0 million that the Venetian Resort will have the option, but not the obligation, to draw in whole or in part until November 1, 2026. The initial $400.0 million investment will be funded in three quarterly draws based on a fixed funding schedule: $100.0 million in second quarter of 2024, $150.0 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $150.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Annual rent under the existing Venetian Lease will increase commencing on the first day of the quarter immediately following each capital funding at a 7.25% yield (the “Incremental Venetian Rent”). The Incremental Venetian Rent will begin escalating annually at 2.0% on March 1, 2029, and commencing on March 1, 2031, will begin escalating at the same terms as the rest of the rent payable under the Venetian Lease with annual escalation equal to the greater of 2.0% or CPI, capped at 3.0%.
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Real Estate Debt Origination Activity
The following table summarizes our real estate debt origination activity (each as defined in the column titled “Real Estate Debt Investment”) for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
($ in millions)
Real Estate Debt InvestmentDateInvestment TypeMaximum Principal AmountCollateral
Chelsea Piers One Madison LoanFebruary 7, 2024Senior Loan$10.0 Certain equipment of the fitness club at the One Madison building in New York, New York, under development
Homefield Margaritaville LoanJanuary 23, 2024Senior Loan105.0 Margaritaville Resort in Kansas City, Kansas, under development
Total$115.0 
Financing and Capital Markets Activity
•At-The-Market Offering Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 9.7 million shares under the ATM Program, all of which were subject to forward sale agreements, for estimated aggregate total proceeds of $302.4 million based on the initial forward sale price with respect to each forward sale agreement. We did not initially receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock under the ATM Program, which were sold to the underwriters by the forward purchasers or their respective affiliates.
•Senior Unsecured Notes Offering. On March 18, 2024, VICI LP issued (i) $550.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.750% Senior Notes due 2034, which mature on April 1, 2034 and (ii) $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Notes due 2054, which mature on April 1, 2054, in each case under a supplemental indenture dated as of March 18, 2024, between VICI LP and the Trustee. We used the net proceeds of the offering to redeem (i) $1,024.2 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% Senior Notes due May 1, 2024 and (ii) $25.8 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% Senior Notes due May 1, 2024.
•Settlement of Forward-Starting Interest Rate Swaps. On March 11, 2024, we settled the seven outstanding forward-starting interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $500.0 million resulting in net proceeds of $2.8 million. Since the forward-starting swaps were hedging the interest rate risk on the March 2024 Notes, the unrealized gain in Accumulated other comprehensive income is being amortized over the term of the respective derivative instruments, which matches that of the underlying note, as a decrease in interest expense.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The results of operations discussion of VICI and VICI LP are presented combined as there are no material differences between the two reporting entities. Further, Golf revenues and Golf expenses, which are wholly attributable to VICI and not VICI LP, are shown as separate line items in the Statement of Operations of VICI.
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023Variance
Revenues
Income from sales-type leases$512,772 $478,394 $34,378 
Income from lease financing receivables, loans and securities409,301 371,069 38,232 
Other income19,312 18,339 973 
Golf revenues10,096 9,845 251 
Total revenues951,481 877,647 73,834 
Operating expenses
General and administrative16,192 15,005 1,187 
Depreciation1,133 814 319 
Other expenses19,312 18,339 973 
Golf expenses6,511 5,952 559 
Change in allowance for credit losses106,918 111,477 (4,559)
Transaction and acquisition expenses305 (958)1,263 
Total operating expenses150,371 150,629 (258)
Income from unconsolidated affiliate— 1,280 (1,280)
Interest expense(204,882)(204,360)(522)
Interest income5,293 3,047 2,246 
Other (losses) gains(156)1,963 (2,119)
Income before income taxes601,365 528,948 72,417 
Provision for income taxes(1,562)(1,087)(475)
Net income599,803 527,861 71,942 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests(9,787)(9,121)(666)
Net income attributable to common stockholders $590,016 $518,740 $71,276 
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Revenue
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our revenue was comprised of the following items:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023Variance
Leasing revenue$893,705 $833,232 $60,473 
Income from loans and securities28,369 16,231 12,138 
Other income19,312 18,339 973 
Golf revenues10,096 9,845 251 
     Total revenues$951,482 $877,647 $73,835 
Leasing Revenue
The following table details the components of our income from sales-type and financing receivables leases:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023Variance
Income from sales-type leases$512,773 $478,394 $34,379 
Income from lease financing receivables (1)
380,932 354,838 26,094 
     Total leasing revenue893,705 833,232 60,473 
Non-cash adjustment (2)
(135,709)(122,841)(12,868)
     Total contractual leasing revenue$757,996 $710,391 $47,605 
____________________
(1) Represents our asset acquisitions structured as sale leaseback transactions. In accordance with ASC 842, since the lease agreements were determined to meet the definition of a sales-type lease and control of the asset is not considered to have transferred to us, such lease agreements are accounted for as financings under ASC 310.
(2) Amounts represent the non-cash adjustment to income from sales-type leases and lease financing receivables in order to recognize income on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the term of the leases.
Leasing revenue is generated from rent from our lease agreements. Total leasing revenue increased $60.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Total contractual leasing revenue increased $47.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increases were primarily driven by the addition to our portfolio of the remaining 49.9% of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay lease agreement in January 2023, the Rocky Gap Casino component of the master lease agreement with Century Casinos, Inc. (“Century Master Lease”) in July 2023, the Century Canadian portfolio component of the Century Master Lease in September 2023, the master lease agreement with Bowlero in October 2023 and the lease agreement with Chelsea Piers in December 2023, as well as the annual rent escalators from certain of our other lease agreements.
Income From Loans and Securities
Income from loans and securities increased $12.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increases were driven by the origination and subsequent funding, as applicable, of our debt investments and the related interest income from the increased principal balances outstanding under such debt investments, partially offset by the full repayment of certain loan investments.
Other Income
Other income increased $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was driven primarily by the additional income as a result of the assumption of certain sub-leases in connection with the closing of the acquisition of the Rocky Gap Casino in July 2023 and the sale-leaseback transaction with Chelsea Piers in December 2023. We determined we are the primary obligor of the respective ground and use leases and, accordingly, record the related income and expense on a gross basis on our Income Statement. The lease agreements require our tenants to cover all costs associated with such ground and use sub-leases and provide for their direct payment to the primary landlord.
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Operating Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our operating expenses were comprised of the following items:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023Variance
General and administrative$16,192 $15,005 $1,187 
Depreciation1,133 814 319 
Other expenses19,312 18,339 973 
Golf expenses6,511 5,952 559 
Change in allowance for credit losses106,918 111,477 (4,559)
Transaction and acquisition expenses305 (958)1,263 
     Total operating expenses$150,371 $150,629 $(258)
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in compensation, including stock-based compensation and the addition of new employees and additional expenses related to the growth of our business in 2023 and 2024.
Other Expenses
Other expenses increased $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was driven primarily by the additional expense as a result of the assumption of certain sub-leases in connection with the closing of the acquisition of the Rocky Gap Casino in July 2023 and the sale-leaseback transaction with Chelsea Piers in December 2023. We determined we are the primary obligor of the respective ground and use leases and, accordingly, record the related income and expense on a gross basis on our Income Statement. The lease agreements require our tenants to cover all costs associated with such ground and use sub-leases and provide for their direct payment to the primary landlord.
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses
Change in allowance for credit losses decreased $4.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by lower initial CECL allowances recorded on our acquisition and loan origination activity. We recorded initial CECL allowances of $0.7 million on our $115.0 million of loan origination activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to initial CECL allowances of $229.6 million on our $5.7 billion of property acquisition activity and $4.5 million on our $85.0 million of loan origination activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Further fluctuation in the change in allowance for credit losses are the result of changes to the reasonable and supportable period, or R&S Period, probability of default, or PD, and loss given default, or LGD, of our existing tenants and their parent guarantors (as applicable) as a result of market performance and changes in the macroeconomic model used to scenario condition such inputs and annual standard updates to the model used to estimate the CECL allowance. Refer to Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses for further details.
Transaction and Acquisition Expenses
Transaction and acquisition expenses increased $1.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Changes in transaction and acquisition expenses are related to fluctuations in (i) costs incurred for investments during the period that are not capitalizable under GAAP, and (ii) costs incurred for investments that we are no longer pursuing.
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Non-Operating Income and Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our non-operating income and expenses were comprised of the following items:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023Variance
Income from unconsolidated affiliate$— $1,280 $(1,280)
Interest expense(204,882)(204,360)(522)
Interest income5,293 3,047 2,246 
Other (losses) gains(156)1,963 (2,119)
Income from Unconsolidated Affiliate
Income from unconsolidated affiliate during the three months ended March 31, 2023 represents our 50.1% share of the income of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV for the period from January 1, 2023 through January 8, 2023, immediately prior to the closing of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV Interest Acquisition. Beginning on January 9, 2023, upon the closing of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV Interest Acquisition, we consolidated the operations of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV, and subsequently, such income is included in Income from sales-type lease on our Statement of Operations and, accordingly, no Income from unconsolidated affiliate was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily related to the increase in debt from the (i) C$140.0 million, C$75.0 million and £9.0 million draws on the Revolving Credit Facility to finance the acquisitions of the portfolio of assets leased to PURE Canadian Gaming, Corp. in January 2023, Century Canadian portfolio in September 2023 and Cabot Highlands loan in December 2023, respectively, and (ii) assumption of $3.0 billion aggregate principal amount of CMBS debt on January 9, 2023, in connection with the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV Interest Acquisition, the combination of which resulted in an additional $3.2 billion in notional amount of debt.
Additionally, the weighted average annualized interest rate of our debt, net of the impact of the forward-starting interest rate swaps and treasury locks, was 4.33% for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, as a result of a higher effective interest rate on (i) the draws on the Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) the March 2024 Notes as compared to the debt that was refinanced with such notes, offset by the low interest rate on the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay CMBS Debt.
Interest Income
Interest income increased $2.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by an overall increase in our cash on hand and short-term investments throughout the current period as compared to the prior period.
Other (Losses) Gains
Other (losses) gains decreased $2.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The change primarily relates to foreign currency remeasurement adjustments associated with our investments in Canada and the United Kingdom. In connection with such transactions, we entered into intercompany debt and drew C$215.0 million and £9.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility, which are denominated in a foreign currency and, since such debt is held at entities with USD as their functional currency, certain of the related assets and liabilities are remeasured through the Statement of Operations.
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RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES
We present VICI’s Funds From Operations (“FFO”), FFO per share, Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”), AFFO per share, and Adjusted EBITDA, which are not required by, or presented in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). These are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be construed as alternatives to net income or as an indicator of operating performance (as determined in accordance with GAAP). We believe FFO, FFO per share, AFFO, AFFO per share and Adjusted EBITDA provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of VICI’s business.
FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that is considered a supplemental measure for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. Consistent with the definition used by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT), we define FFO as VICI’s net income (or loss) attributable to common stockholders (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding (i) gains (or losses) from sales of certain real estate assets, (ii) depreciation and amortization related to real estate, (iii) gains and losses from change in control, (iv) impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity and (v) our proportionate share of such adjustments from our investment in unconsolidated affiliate.
AFFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental operating measure to evaluate VICI’s performance. We calculate VICI’s AFFO by adding or subtracting from FFO non-cash leasing and financing adjustments, non-cash change in allowance for credit losses, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, transaction costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of real estate investments, amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount, other non-cash interest expense, non-real estate depreciation (which is comprised of the depreciation related to our golf course operations), capital expenditures (which are comprised of additions to property, plant and equipment related to our golf course operations), impairment charges related to non-depreciable real estate, gains (or losses) on debt extinguishment and interest rate swap settlements, other losses (gains), deferred income tax benefits and expenses, other non-recurring non-cash transactions, our proportionate share of non-cash adjustments from our investment in unconsolidated affiliate (including the amortization of any basis differences) with respect to certain of the foregoing and non-cash adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest with respect to certain of the foregoing.
We calculate VICI’s Adjusted EBITDA by adding or subtracting from AFFO contractual interest expense (including the impact of the forward-starting interest rate swaps and treasury locks) and interest income (collectively, interest expense, net), income tax expense and our proportionate share of such adjustments from our investment in unconsolidated affiliate.
These non-GAAP financial measures: (i) do not represent VICI’s cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP; (ii) should not be considered as an alternative to VICI’s net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities; and (iii) are not alternatives to VICI’s cash flow as a measure of liquidity. In addition, these measures should not be viewed as measures of liquidity, nor do they measure our ability to fund all of our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions to our stockholders, to fund capital improvements, or to make interest payments on our indebtedness. Investors are also cautioned that FFO, FFO per share, AFFO, AFFO per share and Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other real estate companies, including REITs, due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definitions. Our presentation of these measures does not replace the presentation of VICI’s financial results in accordance with GAAP.
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Reconciliation of VICI’s Net Income to FFO, FFO per Share, AFFO, AFFO per Share and Adjusted EBITDA
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except share data and per share data)20242023
Net income attributable to common stockholders$590,016 $518,740 
Real estate depreciation— — 
Joint venture depreciation and non-controlling interest adjustments— 1,426 
FFO attributable to common stockholders590,016 520,166 
Non-cash leasing and financing adjustments(135,666)(122,834)
Non-cash change in allowance for credit losses106,918 111,477 
Non-cash stock-based compensation3,793 3,467 
Transaction and acquisition expenses305 (958)
Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount16,509 19,682 
Other depreciation846 783 
Capital expenditures(432)(988)
Other losses (gains) (1)
156 (1,963)
Deferred income tax provision435 — 
Joint venture non-cash adjustments and non-controlling interest adjustments291 (227)
AFFO attributable to common stockholders583,171 528,605 
Interest expense, net183,080 181,631 
Income tax expense1,127 1,087 
Joint venture interest expense and non-controlling interest adjustments(2,128)(1,021)
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to common stockholders$765,250 $710,302 
Net income per common share
Basic$0.57 $0.52 
Diluted$0.57 $0.52 
FFO per common share
     Basic$0.57 $0.52 
Diluted$0.57 $0.52 
AFFO per common share
Basic$0.56 $0.53 
Diluted$0.56 $0.53 
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding
Basic1,042,404,634 1,001,526,645 
Diluted1,043,311,636 1,003,831,325 
____________________
(1)Represents non-cash foreign currency remeasurement adjustment.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
As of March 31, 2024, our available cash and cash-equivalents balance, short-term investments, capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility and proceeds available from outstanding forward sale agreements were as follows:
(In thousands)March 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents$485,318 
Short-term investments29,579 
Capacity under Revolving Credit Facility (1)
2,329,860 
Net proceeds available from settlement of Forward Sale Agreements (2)
682,693 
Total$3,527,450 
____________________
(1)In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility includes the option to increase the revolving loan commitments by up to $1.0 billion to the extent that any one or more lenders (from the syndicate or otherwise) agree to provide such additional credit extensions.
(2)Assumes the physical settlement of the 22,856,855 shares remaining to be settled as of March 31, 2024 under our at-the-market forward sale agreements at a forward sales price of $29.87, calculated as of March 31, 2024.
We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our material cash requirements, including our contractual obligations, debt maturities and commitments as well as our additional funding requirements, primarily through currently available cash and cash equivalents, cash received under our lease agreements, existing borrowings from banks, including our undrawn capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, and proceeds from future issuances of debt and equity securities (including issuances under the ATM Program) for the next 12 months and in future periods.
All of our lease agreements call for an initial term of between fifteen and thirty-two years with additional tenant renewal options and, along with our loans, are designed to provide us with a reliable and predictable long-term revenue stream. Our cash flows from operations and our ability to access capital resources could be adversely affected due to uncertain economic factors and volatility in the financial and credit markets, including as a result of the current inflationary environment, higher interest rates, equity market volatility, and changes in consumer behavior and spending. In particular, we can provide no assurances that our tenants will not default on their leases or fail to make full rental payments if their businesses become challenged due to, among other things, current or future adverse economic conditions. See “Overview — Impact of Material Trends on our Business” above for additional detail. In the event our tenants are unable to make all of their contractual rent payments as provided by our lease agreements, we believe we have sufficient liquidity from the other sources discussed above to meet all of our contractual obligations for a significant period of time. For more information, refer to the risk factors incorporated by reference into Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors herein from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Our ability to raise funds through the issuance of debt and equity securities and access to other third-party sources of capital in the future will be dependent on, among other things, general economic conditions, general market conditions for REITs and investment grade issuers, market perceptions, the trading price of our stock and uncertainties related to the macroeconomic environment. We will continue to analyze which sources of capital are most advantageous to us at any particular point in time, but financing through the capital markets may not be consistently available on terms we deem attractive, or at all.
Material Cash Requirements
Contractual Obligations
Our short-term obligations consist primarily of regular interest payments on our debt obligations, dividends to our common stockholders, distributions to the VICI OP Unit holders, normal recurring operating expenses, recurring expenditures for corporate and administrative needs, certain lease and other contractual commitments related to our golf operations and certain non-recurring expenditures. For more information on our material contractual commitments, refer to Note 10 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.
Our long-term obligations consist primarily of principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations and future funding commitments under our lease and loan agreements. As of March 31, 2024, we have $17.1 billion of debt obligations outstanding of which $750.0 million matures on February 15, 2025, $500.0 million matures on May 15, 2025 and $800.0 million matures on June 15, 2025. For a summary of principal debt balances and their maturity dates and principal terms, refer
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to Note 7 - Debt. For a summary of our future funding commitments under our loan portfolio, refer to Note 4 - Real Estate Portfolio.
Pursuant to our lease agreements, capital expenditures, insurance and taxes for our properties are the responsibility of the tenants. Minimum capital expenditure spending requirements of the tenants pursuant to our gaming lease agreements are described in Note 4 - Real Estate Portfolio.
Information concerning our material contractual obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts such as our indebtedness, future funding commitments under our loans and Partner Property Growth Fund and future contractual operating commitments (such as future lease payments under our corporate lease) are included in the following table as of March 31, 2024. Amounts in this table omit, among other things, non-contractual commitments and items such as dividends and recurring or non-recurring operating expenses and other expenditures, including acquisitions and other investments:
Payments Due By Period
(In thousands)Total2024 (remaining)2025202620272028 and Thereafter
Long-term debt, principal
Senior Unsecured Notes$13,950,000 $— $2,050,000 $1,750,000 $1,500,000 $8,650,000 
MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV CMBS Debt3,000,000 — — — — 3,000,000 
Revolving Credit Facility170,140 — — 170,140 — — 
Scheduled interest payments (1)
5,827,702 562,429 737,269 683,972 566,348 3,277,684 
Total debt contractual obligations22,947,842 562,429 2,787,269 2,604,112 2,066,348 14,927,684 
Leases and contracts (2)
Future funding commitments – loan investments and Partner Property Growth Fund (3)
1,204,560 683,502 402,979 117,024 1,055 — 
Golf course operating lease and contractual commitments41,594 1,585 2,153 2,197 2,241 33,418 
Corporate office leases18,155 143 1,016 1,742 1,742 13,512 
Total leases and contract obligations1,264,309 685,230 406,148 120,963 5,038 46,930 
Total contractual commitments$24,212,151 $1,247,659 $3,193,417 $2,725,075 $2,071,386 $14,974,614 
____________________
(1) Estimated interest payments on variable interest debt under our Revolving Credit Facility are based on the CDOR and SONIA rates as of March 31, 2024.
(2) Excludes ground and use leases which are paid directly by our tenants to the primary lease holder.
(3) The allocation of our future funding commitments is based on construction draw schedules, commitment funding dates, expiration dates or other information, as applicable; however, we may be obligated to fund these commitments earlier than such applicable date. Amounts include the $400.0 million future funding commitment required in connection with the Venetian Capital Investment.
Additional Funding Requirements
In addition to the contractual obligations and commitments set forth in the table above, we have and may enter into additional agreements that commit us to potentially acquire properties in the future, fund future property improvements or otherwise provide capital to our tenants, borrowers and other counterparties, including through our put-call agreements and Partner Property Growth Fund. As of March 31, 2024, we had $1.0 billion of additional potential future funding commitments under the Property Growth Fund Agreement entered into with Apollo in connection with the Venetian Resort acquisition (and subsequent to quarter end, on May 1, 2024, in connection with the Venetian Capital Investment the previous agreement in the amount of $1.0 billion was terminated, and our obligation pursuant to which Apollo has the option, but not the obligation, to draw our future funds, was reduced to $300.0), the use of which are at the discretion of our tenants and will be dependent upon independent decisions made by our tenants with respect to any capital improvement projects and the source of funds for such projects, as well as the total funding ultimately provided under such arrangements.
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Cash Flow Analysis
The table below summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)20242023Variance
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Provided by operating activities$543,739 $522,033 $21,706 
Used in investing activities(109,160)(1,468,856)1,359,696 
(Used in) provided by financing activities(471,781)985,489 (1,457,270)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (54)74 (128)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(37,256)38,740 (75,996)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period522,574 208,933 313,641 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$485,318 $247,673 $237,645 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $21.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase is primarily driven by an increase in cash rental payments from the addition of the remaining 49.9% of the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay lease agreement in January 2023, the Rocky Gap Casino component of the Century Master Lease in July 2023, the Century Canadian portfolio component of the Century Master Lease in September 2023, the master lease agreement with Bowlero in October 2023 and the lease agreement with Chelsea Piers in December 2023.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $1,359.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the primary sources and uses of cash from investing activities included:
•Disbursements to fund investments in our loan and securities portfolio in the amount of $71.7 million;
•Investments in short-term investments of $29.6 million; and
•Payments to fund the Caruthersville Property Growth Fund investment in the amount of $5.9 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the primary sources and uses of cash from investing activities included:
•Net payments of $1,266.9 million, including acquisition costs, in connection with the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV Interest Acquisition;
•Maturities of short-term investments of $217.3 million;
•Disbursements to fund investments in our loan and securities portfolio in the amount of $209.3 million;
•Payments for the acquisition of the portfolio of assets leased to PURE Canadian Gaming, Corp. for a total cost of $202.7 million, including acquisition costs; and
•Payments to fund the Caruthersville Property Growth Fund investment in the amount of $6.1 million.
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities decreased $1,457.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the primary sources and uses of cash in financing activities included:
•Net proceeds from the issuance of the March 2024 Notes in the amount of $1,028.5 million;
•Redemption of the outstanding (i) $1,024.2 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.625% Senior Notes due 2024 and (ii) $25.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.625% MGP OP Notes due 2024;
•Dividend payments of $434.8 million;
•Distributions of $7.7 million to non-controlling interests;
•Repurchase of shares of common stock for tax withholding in connection with the vesting of employee stock compensation of $5.0 million; and
•Payments of debt issuance costs of $2.8 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the primary sources and uses of cash from financing activities included:
•Net proceeds of $1,272.3 million from the issuance of an aggregate 40,592,592 shares of our common stock pursuant to the full physical settlement of the then-outstanding forward sale agreements;
•Dividend payments of $382.6 million;
•Draw of $352.7 million on our Revolving Credit Facility;
•Repayment of $250.0 million on our Revolving Credit Facility;
•Repurchase of shares of common stock for tax withholding in connection with the vesting of employee stock compensation of $4.6 million; and
•Distributions of $2.3 million to non-controlling interest.
Debt
For a summary of our debt obligations as of March 31, 2024, refer to Note 7 - Debt.
Covenants
Our debt obligations are subject to certain customary financial and protective covenants that restrict our ability to incur additional debt, sell certain assets and restrict certain payments, among other things. In addition, these covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications, including, with respect to the restricted payments covenant, the ability to make unlimited restricted payments to maintain our REIT status. At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all debt-related covenants.
Distribution Policy
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of shares of our common stock. Dividends declared (on a per share basis) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DatePeriodDividend
March 7, 2024March 21, 2024April 4, 2024January 1, 2024 – March 31, 2024$0.4150 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DatePeriodDividend
March 9, 2023March 23, 2023April 6, 2023January 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023$0.3900 
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Federal income tax law requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (with certain adjustments), determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gains. In addition, a REIT will be required to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which the distributions it makes in a calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of its ordinary income, 95% of its capital gain net income and 100% of its undistributed income from prior years.
We intend to continue to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and to avoid or otherwise minimize paying entity level federal income or excise tax (other than at any TRS of ours). We may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP. Further, we may generate REIT taxable income greater than our cash flow from operations after operating expenses and debt service as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of REIT taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
A complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes in our critical policies and estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Item 3.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Our interest rate risk management objective is to limit the impact of future interest rate changes on our earnings and cash flows. To achieve this objective, our consolidated subsidiaries primarily borrow on a fixed-rate basis for longer-term debt issuances. As of March 31, 2024, we had $17.1 billion aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness, of which 99.0% has fixed rate interest and 1.0% has a variable interest rate, representing the US$170.1 million outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility (denominated in CAD and GBP). As of March 31, 2024, a one percent increase or decrease in the annual interest rate on our variable rate borrowings would increase or decrease our annual cash interest expense by approximately $1.7 million using the applicable exchange rate as of March 31, 2024.
Additionally, we are exposed to interest rate risk between the time we enter into a transaction and the time we finance the related transaction with long-term fixed-rate debt. In addition, when that long-term debt matures, we may have to refinance such debt at a higher interest rate. In a rising interest rate environment, we have from time to time and may in the future seek to mitigate that risk by utilizing forward-starting interest rate swap agreements, treasury locks and other derivative instruments. Market interest rates are sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control.
Capital Markets Risks
We are exposed to risks related to the equity capital markets, and our related ability to raise capital through the issuance of our common stock or other equity instruments. We are also exposed to risks related to the debt capital markets, and our related ability to finance our business through long-term indebtedness, borrowings under credit facilities or other debt instruments. As a REIT, we are required to distribute a significant portion of our taxable income annually, which constrains our ability to accumulate operating cash flow and therefore requires us to utilize debt or equity capital to finance our business. We seek to mitigate these risks by monitoring the debt and equity capital markets to inform our decisions on the amount, timing, and terms of capital we raise.
56

Item 4.        Controls and Procedures
VICI Properties Inc.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
VICI maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods, and is accumulated and communicated to VICI’s management, including VICI’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
VICI’s management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, VICI’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that VICI’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in VICI’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, VICI’s internal control over financial reporting.
VICI Properties L.P.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
VICI LP maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including VICI LP’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
VICI LP’s management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of VICI LP’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of VIC LP’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, VICI LP’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that VICI LP’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in VICI LP’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, VICI LP’s internal control over financial reporting.
57

Table of Contents
PART II.    OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.        Legal Proceedings

The information contained under the heading “Litigation” in Note 10 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities to our Financial Statements included in this report is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
A description of certain factors that may affect our future results and risk factors is set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and is incorporated by reference into this Item 1A. There have been no material changes to those factors for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
(b) Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
Not applicable.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
VICI Properties Inc.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, certain employees surrendered shares of common stock owned by them to VICI to satisfy their statutory minimum federal and state income tax obligations associated with the vesting of shares of restricted common stock issued under our stock incentive plan. The following table summarizes such common stock repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2024:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number Of Shares Purchased As Part Of 
Publicly Announced Plans Or Programs		Maximum Number Of Shares That 
May Yet Be Purchased Under The Plans Or Programs
January 1, 2024 through January 31, 2024— $— — — 
February 1, 2024 through February 29, 2024 (1)
168,556 29.64 — — 
March 1, 2024 through March 31, 2024— — — — 
Total168,556 $29.64 — — 
__________________________
(1) All shares of common stock were surrendered by certain employees to VICI to satisfy their statutory minimum federal and state income tax obligations associated with the vesting of performance-based restricted stock units and shares of restricted common stock issued under our stock incentive plan.
VICI Properties L.P.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, VICI LP did not repurchase any equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
58

Table of Contents


Item 5.Other Information
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
Item 6.Exhibits
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit
Number		Exhibit DescriptionFiled HerewithFormExhibitFiling Date
4.1
8-K4.23/18/2024
4.2
8-K4.33/18/2024
4.3
8-K4.43/18/2024
31.1
X
31.2
X
31.3
X
31.4
X
32.1
*
32.2
*
32.3
*
32.4
*
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL documentX
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentX
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase DocumentX
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase DocumentX
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase DocumentX
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentX
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* Furnished herewith
59

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
                        
VICI PROPERTIES INC.
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ EDWARD B. PITONIAKChief Executive Officer and DirectorMay 1, 2024
Edward B. Pitoniak(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ DAVID A. KIESKEChief Financial OfficerMay 1, 2024
David A. Kieske(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ GABRIEL F. WASSERMANChief Accounting OfficerMay 1, 2024
Gabriel F. Wasserman(Principal Accounting Officer)
VICI PROPERTIES L.P.
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ EDWARD B. PITONIAKChief Executive Officer and DirectorMay 1, 2024
Edward B. Pitoniak(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ DAVID A. KIESKEChief Financial OfficerMay 1, 2024
David A. Kieske(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ GABRIEL F. WASSERMANChief Accounting OfficerMay 1, 2024
Gabriel F. Wasserman(Principal Accounting Officer)
60

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