UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 or [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 COMMISSION FILE 000-18911 GLACIER BANCORP, INC. <TABLE> <S> <C> MONTANA 81-0519541 (State of Incorporation) (IRS Employer Identification Number) </TABLE> 49 Commons Loop, Kalispell, MT 59901 (Address of Principal Office) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (406) 756-4200 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered - ------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- <S> <C> Common Stock, $01 par value per share Nasdaq Global Select Market </TABLE> Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. [X] Yes [ ] No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. [ ] Yes [X] No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (i) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (ii) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. [X] Yes [ ] No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to item 405 of regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.(Check one): Large accelerated filer [X] Accelerated filer [ ] Non-accelerated filer [ ] Smaller reporting company [ ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). [ ] Yes [X] No The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant at June 30, 2008 (the last business day of the most recent second quarter), was $834,252,010 (based on the average bid and ask price as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market at the close of business on that date). As of February 13, 2009, there were issued and outstanding 61,498,694 shares of the Registrant's common stock. No preferred shares are issued or outstanding. DOCUMENT INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the 2009 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement dated March 27, 2009 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
GLACIER BANCORP, INC. FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT For the year ended December 31, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS <TABLE> <CAPTION> Page ---- <S> <C> <C> PART I. Item 1. Business 3 Item 1a Risk Factors 26 Item 1b Unresolved Staff Comments 29 Item 2. Properties 29 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 29 Item 4. Submission of Matter to a Vote of Security Holders 29 PART II. Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities 30 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 31 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 33 Item 7a. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk 48 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 48 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants in Accounting and Financial Disclosures 91 Item 9a. Controls and Procedures 91 Item 9b. Other Information 92 PART III. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 92 Item 11. Executive Compensation 92 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 93 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 93 Item 14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services 93 PART IV. Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 93 </TABLE>
PART I. CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report and Form 10-K may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about management's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions that are not historical facts, and other statements identified by words such as "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "believes," "should," "projects," "seeks," "estimates" or words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the Company's control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations in the forward-looking statements, including those set forth in this Annual Report and Form 10-K, or the documents incorporated by reference: - the risks associated with lending and potential adverse changes in credit quality; - increased loan delinquency rates; - the risks presented by a continued economic slowdown, which could adversely affect credit quality, loan collateral values, investment values, liquidity levels, and loan originations; - changes in market interest rates, which could adversely affect our net interest income and profitability; - legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business or our ability to complete pending or prospective future acquisitions; - costs or difficulties related to the integration of acquisitions; - reduced demand for banking products and services; - the risks presented by public stock market volatility, which could adversely affect the Company's stock value and the ability to raise capital in the future; - competition from other financial services companies in our markets; and - the Company's success in managing risks involved in the foregoing. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements are discussed in Risk Factors in Item 1A. Please take into account that forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report and Form 10K or documents incorporated by reference. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly correct or update any forward-looking statement if we later become aware that it is not likely to be achieved. ITEM 1. BUSINESS GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS Glacier Bancorp, Inc. headquartered in Kalispell, Montana (the "Company"), is a Montana corporation incorporated in 2004 as a successor corporation to the Delaware corporation originally incorporated in 1990. The Company is a regional multi-bank holding company providing commercial banking services from 98 banking offices in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and Washington. The Company offers a wide range of banking products and services, including transaction and savings deposits, commercial, consumer, and real estate loans, mortgage origination services, and retail brokerage services. The Company serves individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, community organizations and public entities. 3
SUBSIDIARIES The Company includes the parent holding and the following sixteen subsidiaries which consists of eleven bank subsidiaries and five trust subsidiaries. Bank Subsidiaries Montana Glacier Bank ("Glacier") founded in 1955 First Security Bank of Missoula ("First Security") founded in 1973 Western Security Bank ("Western") founded in 2001 Big Sky Western Bank ("Big Sky") founded in 1990 Valley Bank of Helena ("Valley") founded in 1978 First Bank of Montana ("First Bank-MT") founded in 1924 Wyoming 1st Bank ("1st Bank") founded in 1989 Idaho Mountain West Bank ("Mountain West") founded in 1993 Citizens Community Bank ("Citizens") founded in 1996 Colorado Bank of the San Juans ("San Juans") founded in 1998 Utah First National Bank of Morgan ("Morgan") founded in 1903 Trust Subsidiaries Glacier Capital Trust II ("Glacier Trust II") Glacier Capital Trust III ("Glacier Trust III") Glacier Capital Trust IV ("Glacier Trust IV") Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I ("Citizens Trust I") Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I ("San Juans Trust I") The Company formed or acquired San Juans Trust I, Glacier Trust IV, Glacier Trust III, Citizens Trust I, and Glacier Trust II as financing subsidiaries on December 1, 2008, August 15, 2006, January 31, 2006, April 1, 2005, and March 24, 2004, respectively. The trusts were formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities and, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation 46(R), the subsidiaries are not consolidated into the Company's financial statements. The preferred securities entitle the shareholder to receive cumulative cash distributions from payments on Subordinated Debentures of the Company. For additional information regarding the Subordinated Debentures, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." On April 30, 2008, Glacier Bank of Whitefish ("Whitefish") merged into Glacier resulting in operations conducted under the Glacier charter. Prior period activity of Whitefish was combined and included in Glacier's historical results. The merger was accounted for as a combination of two wholly-owned subsidiaries without purchase accounting. On February 1, 2009, Morgan merged into 1st Bank resulting in operations being conducted under the 1st Bank charter. Prior period activity of Morgan has been combined and included in 1st Bank's historical results. The merger has been accounted for as a combination of two wholly-owned subsidiaries without purchase accounting. The Company provides full service brokerage services (selling products such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, limited partnerships, annuities and other insurance products) through Raymond James Financial Services, a non-affiliated company. The Company shares in the commissions generated, without devoting significant management and staff time to this portion of the business. RECENT AND PENDING ACQUISITIONS The Company's strategy has been to profitably grow its business through internal growth and selective acquisitions. The Company continues to look for profitable expansion opportunities in existing markets and new markets in the Rocky Mountain states. During the last five years, the Company has completed the following acquisitions: On December 1, 2008, Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation and its subsidiary, Bank of the San Juans, was acquired by the Company. On April 30, 2007, North Side State Bank in Rock Springs, Wyoming was acquired and became a branch of 1st Bank. On October 1, 2006, Citizens Development Company ("CDC") and its five banking subsidiaries located across Montana were acquired by the Company. On September 1, 2006, Morgan and its one branch office in Mountain Green, Utah was acquired. On October 31, 2005, First State Bank of Thompson Falls, Montana was acquired and its two branches were merged into First Security. On May 20, 2005, Zions National Bank branch office in Bonners Ferry, Idaho was acquired and became a branch of Mountain West. On April 1, 2005, Citizens Bank Holding Co. and its bank subsidiary Citizens Community Bank in Pocatello, Idaho were acquired. On February 28, 2005, First National Bank-West Co. and its bank subsidiary 1st Bank in Evanston, Wyoming were acquired. 4
On February 9, 2009, a definitive agreement to acquire First Company and its subsidiary First National Bank & Trust, a community bank based in Powell, Wyoming was announced. First National Bank & Trust has three branch locations in Powell, Cody, and Lovell, Wyoming. As of December 31, 2008, First National Bank & Trust had total assets of $282 million. Upon completion of the transaction, which is subject to regulatory approval and other customary conditions of closing, First National Bank & Trust will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. FDIC, FHLB AND FRB The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insures each bank subsidiary's deposit accounts. All bank subsidiaries, except San Juans are members of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Seattle and San Juans is a member of the FHLB of Topeka, which are two of twelve banks which comprise the FHLB System. All subsidiaries, with the exception of Mountain West, Citizens and San Juans, are members of the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"). BANK LOCATIONS AT DECEMBER 31, 2008 The following is a list of the Parent and bank subsidiaries main office locations as of December 31, 2008. See "Item 2. Properties." <TABLE> <S> <C> <C> Glacier Bancorp, Inc. 49 Commons Loop, Kalispell, MT 59901 (406) 756-4200 Glacier 202 Main Street, Kalispell, MT 59901 (406) 756-4200 Mountain West 125 Ironwood Drive, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814 (208) 765-0284 First Security 1704 Dearborn, Missoula, MT 59801 (406) 728-3115 Western 2812 1st Avenue North, Billings, MT 59101 (406) 371-8258 1st Bank 1001 Main Street, Evanston, WY 82930 (307) 789-3864 Big Sky 4150 Valley Commons, Bozeman, MT, 59718 (406) 587-2922 Valley 3030 North Montana Avenue, Helena, MT 59601 (406) 495-2400 Citizens 280 South Arthur, Pocatello, ID 83204 (208) 232-5373 San Juans 144 East Eighth Street, Durango, CO 81301 (970) 247-1818 First Bank-MT 224 West Main, Lewistown, MT 59457 (406) 538-7471 Morgan 120 North State, Morgan, UT 84050 (801) 829-3402 </TABLE> FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT SEGMENTS The following abbreviated organizational chart illustrates the various existing parent and subsidiary relationships at December 31, 2008: <TABLE> <S> <C> <C> <C> |------------------------| | Glacier Bancorp, Inc. | |(Parent Holding Company)| |------------------------| | |-----------------------| |-------------------------| | |----------------------| |-------------------------| | Glacier Bank | | Mountain West Bank | | | First Security Bank | | Western Security Bank | | (MT Community Bank) | | (ID Community Bank) | | | of Missoula | | (MT Community Bank) | | | | | | | (MT Community Bank) | | | |-----------------------| |-------------------------| | | ---------------------| |-------------------------| |-----------------------| |-------------------------| | |----------------------| |-------------------------| | 1st Bank | | Big Sky | | | Valley Bank | | Citizen | | (WY Community Bank) | | Western Bank | | | of Helena | | Community Bank | | | | (MT Community Bank) | | | (MT Community Bank) | | (ID Community Bank) | |-----------------------| |-------------------------| | | ---------------------| |-------------------------| |-----------------------| |-------------------------| | | ---------------------| |-------------------------| | Bank of the | | First Bank of Montana | | | First National Bank | | | | San Juans | | (MT Community Bank) | | | of Morgan | | Glacier Capital Trust II| | (CO Community Bank) | | | | | (UT Community Bank) | | | |-----------------------| |-------------------------| | |----------------------| |-------------------------| | |-----------------------| |-------------------------| | ---------------------| |-------------------------| | Glacier Capital | | Glacier Capital | | Citizens (ID) | | | | Trust III | | Trust IV | | Statutory | | San Juans Trust I | | | | | | Trust I | | | |-----------------------| |-------------------------| |----------------------| |-------------------------| </TABLE> For information regarding the parent, separate from the subsidiaries, see "Item 7 - Management's Discussion & Analysis" and Note 5
16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." The business of the Company's banking subsidiaries (collectively referred to hereafter as the "Banks") consists primarily of attracting deposit accounts from the general public and originating commercial, residential, installment and other loans. The Banks' principal sources of revenue are interest on loans, loan origination fees, fees on deposit accounts and interest and dividends on investment securities. The principal sources of expenses are interest on deposits, FHLB advances, repurchase agreements, subordinated debentures, and other borrowings, as well as general and administrative expenses. BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS The Company defines operating segments and evaluates segment performance internally based on individual bank charters. The following schedule provides selected financial data for the Company's operating segments. Centrally provided services to the bank subsidiaries are allocated based on estimated usage of those services. The operating segment identified as "Other" includes limited partnership interests that operate residential rental real estate properties which have been allocated low income housing tax credits. Intersegment revenues primarily represents interest income on intercompany borrowings, management fees, and data processing fees received by individual banks or the parent company. Intersegment revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities are eliminated in order to report results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. On April 30, 2008, Whitefish was merged into Glacier with operations conducted under the Glacier charter. The five subsidiaries acquired as a result of the acquisition of CDC included Citizens State Bank, First Citizens Bank of Billings, First National Bank of Lewistown, Western Bank of Chinook, and First Citizens Bank, N.A. On January 26, 2007, Citizens State Bank, First Citizens Bank of Billings, and First Citizens Bank, N.A. were merged into First Security, Western, and Glacier, respectively. On June 21, 2007, Western Bank of Chinook was merged into First National Bank of Lewistown and renamed First Bank of Montana. Prior period activity of the merged banks has been combined and included in the remaining bank subsidiaries' historical results. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Glacier Mountain West First Security ----------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------- (Dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 - --------------------------------- --------- --------- ------- --------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Condensed Income Statements Net interest income 52,900 40,270 36,679 45,614 41,115 36,133 34,212 32,674 30,366 Noninterest income 13,926 13,473 11,857 20,353 19,861 16,442 6,987 6,844 5,351 --------- --------- ------- --------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues 66,826 53,743 48,536 65,967 60,976 52,575 41,199 39,518 35,717 Provision for loan and lease losses (8,825) (1,580) (1,080) (11,150) (2,225) (1,500) (1,750) (1,100) (600) Core deposit intangible expense (392) (415) (286) (196) (208) (219) (511) (554) (383) Other noninterest expense (27,074) (25,231) (22,064) (41,922) (36,745) (31,057) (17,128) (17,295) (15,149) --------- --------- ------- --------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Pretax earnings 30,535 26,517 25,106 12,699 21,798 19,799 21,810 20,569 19,585 Income tax expense (10,910) (9,294) (8,516) (3,628) (7,701) (6,163) (7,282) (7,027) (6,303) --------- --------- ------- --------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net income 19,625 17,223 16,590 9,071 14,097 13,636 14,528 13,542 13,282 ========= ========= ======= ========= ========= ======= ======= ======= ======= Average Balance Sheet Data Total assets 1,165,234 1,032,420 934,608 1,105,761 966,955 843,438 862,203 812,554 761,947 Total loans 938,824 797,705 677,580 897,841 774,784 634,745 561,554 550,179 503,415 Total deposits 546,569 610,869 588,979 662,505 693,768 622,937 536,400 553,923 490,277 Stockholders' equity 124,163 111,191 93,011 120,606 109,378 89,651 113,653 107,503 91,023 End of Year Balance Sheet Data Total assets 1,250,774 1,101,112 989,496 1,226,869 1,038,294 918,985 954,218 792,882 829,796 Loans, net of ALLL 963,107 863,253 741,089 955,486 836,426 701,390 561,980 548,682 537,382 Total deposits 609,473 579,190 612,461 680,404 666,330 693,323 545,199 533,260 547,711 Stockholders' equity 129,890 115,247 104,762 124,881 114,538 98,954 116,856 109,320 102,912 Performance Ratios Return on average assets 1.68% 1.67% 1.78% 0.82% 1.46% 1.62% 1.68% 1.67% 1.74% Return on average equity 15.81% 15.49% 17.84% 7.52% 12.89% 15.21% 12.78% 12.60% 14.59% Efficiency ratio 41.10% 47.72% 46.05% 63.85% 60.60% 59.49% 42.81% 45.17% 43.49% Regulatory Capital Ratios & Other Tier I risk-based capital ratio 11.31% 10.75% 11.12% 10.62% 10.45% 10.39% 14.29% 13.67% 13.58% Total risk-based capital ratio 12.57% 11.92% 12.27% 11.88% 11.67% 11.56% 15.55% 14.92% 14.84% Leverage capital ratio 9.79% 9.62% 9.43% 8.68% 9.01% 8.52% 11.31% 11.11% 10.47% Full time equivalent employees 283 274 241 393 354 304 178 181 162 Locations 17 16 17 29 30 25 12 12 13 </TABLE> 6
<TABLE> <CAPTION> Western 1st Bank Big Sky ------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- (Dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 - ---------------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Condensed Income Statements Net interest income 20,739 19,069 16,299 19,526 16,861 11,525 15,595 12,610 12,054 Noninterest income 3,200 8,792 5,645 3,877 3,399 2,939 3,608 3,583 2,781 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues 23,939 27,861 21,944 23,403 20,260 14,464 19,203 16,193 14,835 Provision for loan and lease losses (540) -- -- (1,675) (585) (300) (2,200) (645) (305) Core deposit intangible expense (623) (675) (329) (571) (531) (408) (23) (23) (23) Other noninterest expense (16,071) (15,972) (11,748) (11,505) (10,490) (8,153) (7,390) (7,220) (6,561) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Pretax earnings 6,705 11,214 9,867 9,652 8,654 5,603 9,590 8,305 7,946 Income tax expense (1,818) (4,129) (1,797) (3,325) (3,157) (2,358) (3,587) (3,144) (2,703) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net income 4,887 7,085 8,070 6,327 5,497 3,245 6,003 5,161 5,243 ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= Average Balance Sheet Data Total assets 566,176 544,888 467,996 466,412 416,012 305,340 325,976 286,537 274,077 Total loans 347,075 322,845 274,394 256,679 207,429 133,541 283,512 239,919 216,530 Total deposits 342,793 373,682 297,780 344,931 333,524 237,589 180,860 215,784 201,930 Stockholders' equity 83,915 85,581 58,869 67,184 59,476 42,308 38,220 33,833 29,259 End of Year Balance Sheet Data Total assets 609,678 508,729 591,378 466,774 456,273 324,560 332,325 315,885 274,888 Loans, net of ALLL 354,199 321,533 364,899 259,639 246,478 152,197 287,394 262,934 218,482 Total deposits 357,729 345,273 395,245 347,346 365,906 255,834 179,834 215,771 223,605 Stockholders' equity 83,843 83,226 82,764 71,558 67,003 43,911 40,384 35,406 31,282 Performance Ratios Return on average assets 0.86% 1.30% 1.72% 1.36% 1.32% 1.06% 1.84% 1.80% 1.91% Return on average equity 5.82% 8.28% 13.71% 9.42% 9.24% 7.67% 15.71% 15.25% 17.92% Efficiency ratio 69.74% 59.75% 55.04% 51.60% 54.40% 59.19% 38.60% 44.73% 44.38% Regulatory Capital Ratios & Other Tier I risk-based capital ratio 13.26% 14.22% 15.12% 12.58% 11.27% 10.24% 11.89% 11.04% 11.50% Total risk-based capital ratio 14.52% 15.48% 16.39% 13.83% 12.50% 11.49% 13.15% 12.29% 12.75% Leverage capital ratio 10.71% 11.18% 11.55% 8.08% 7.41% 6.50% 11.62% 11.17% 10.76% Full time equivalent employees 161 161 115 123 127 94 83 82 78 Locations 8 8 11 9 8 7 5 5 5 </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> Valley Citizens San Juans ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------- (Dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 2008(1) 2007 2006 - ---------------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Condensed Income Statements Net interest income 12,764 10,680 9,893 7,676 7,532 8,247 575 -- -- Noninterest income 4,542 4,655 3,938 2,855 2,550 2,161 85 -- -- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --- --- Total revenues 17,306 15,335 13,831 10,531 10,082 10,408 660 -- -- Provision for loan and lease losses (810) (405) (485) (750) (75) (900) (53) -- -- Core deposit intangible expense (42) (42) (43) (128) (146) (164) (19) -- -- Other noninterest expense (8,684) (8,222) (7,649) (6,407) (6,102) (5,898) (397) -- -- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --- --- Pretax earnings 7,770 6,666 5,654 3,246 3,759 3,446 191 -- -- Income tax (expense) benefit (2,251) (1,955) (1,626) (1,092) (1,403) (1,507) (75) -- -- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --- --- Net income 5,519 4,711 4,028 2,154 2,356 1,939 116 -- -- ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= === === Average Balance Sheet Data Total assets 302,241 277,076 261,959 201,258 178,994 159,576 12,983 -- -- Total loans 199,844 191,494 167,735 143,946 134,353 130,232 12,172 -- -- Total deposits 186,004 189,547 185,475 136,997 137,861 120,464 11,292 -- -- Stockholders' equity 29,487 25,951 23,166 28,137 26,888 24,420 1,171 -- -- End of Year Balance Sheet Data Total assets 297,875 282,643 269,442 217,697 182,769 172,517 165,784 -- -- Loans, net of ALLL 196,262 195,682 177,507 159,412 131,988 137,779 142,114 -- -- Total deposits 185,505 187,657 183,233 135,970 139,228 128,317 143,056 -- -- Stockholders' equity 31,483 27,323 24,247 29,110 27,808 25,549 21,207 -- -- Performance Ratios Return on average assets 1.83% 1.70% 1.54% 1.07% 1.32% 1.22% 0.89% -- -- Return on average equity 18.72% 18.15% 17.39% 7.66% 8.76% 7.94% 9.91% -- -- Efficiency ratio 50.42% 53.89% 55.61% 62.05% 61.97% 58.24% 63.03% -- -- Regulatory Capital Ratios & Other Tier I risk-based capital ratio 13.65% 11.68% 11.21% 10.84% 11.92% 10.53% 9.26% -- -- Total risk-based capital ratio 14.91% 12.93% 12.46% 12.10% 13.17% 11.78% 10.51% -- -- Leverage capital ratio 9.11% 9.03% 8.14% 9.46% 10.10% 9.81% 9.66% -- -- Full time equivalent employees 83 80 77 63 61 55 31 -- -- Locations 6 6 6 5 5 5 3 -- -- </TABLE> (1) The average balance sheet data is based on daily averages for the entire year, with San Juans being acquired December 1, 2008. 7
<TABLE> <CAPTION> First Bank - MT Morgan Parent ------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------- (Dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 - ---------------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Condensed Income Statements Net interest income 6,676 6,308 1,580 3,169 3,274 1,090 (6,762) (6,859) (5,505) Noninterest income 768 736 200 851 813 318 83,891 84,025 77,026 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------- ------- ------- Total revenues 7,444 7,044 1,780 4,020 4,087 1,408 77,129 77,166 71,521 Provision for loan and lease losses (390) (20) - (337) (45) (22) -- -- -- Core deposit intangible expense (405) (451) (115) (141) (157) (54) -- -- -- Other noninterest expense (3,083) (3,426) (691) (2,638) (2,525) (651) (13,424) (13,006) (10,688) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------- ------- ------- Pretax earnings 3,566 3,147 974 904 1,360 681 63,705 64,160 60,833 Income tax (expense) benefit (1,279) (1,395) (334) (306) (325) (248) 1,952 4,443 298 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------- ------- ------- Net income 2,287 1,752 640 598 1,035 433 65,657 68,603 61,131 ======= ======= ======= ======= ====== ====== ======= ======= ======= Average Balance Sheet Data Total assets 152,354 142,401 36,768 97,176 94,437 31,734 689,132 619,391 479,860 Total loans 109,706 98,402 23,860 58,328 47,972 15,028 -- -- -- Total deposits 109,067 107,491 29,487 71,242 72,776 24,729 -- -- -- Stockholders' equity 28,172 26,557 6,202 20,764 20,466 6,873 564,785 496,393 382,095 End of Year Balance Sheet Data Total assets 154,645 149,483 148,097 100,095 95,054 95,991 814,883 660,892 586,412 Loans, net of ALLL 114,177 98,897 90,595 60,731 52,322 45,302 -- -- -- Total deposits 113,531 113,692 116,512 70,885 73,375 75,348 -- -- -- Stockholders' equity 29,329 26,941 25,766 23,642 20,520 20,308 676,940 528,576 456,143 Performance Ratios Return on average assets 1.50% 1.23% 1.74% 0.62% 1.10% 1.36% Return on average equity 8.12% 6.60% 10.32% 2.88% 5.06% 6.30% Efficiency ratio 46.86% 55.04% 45.28% 69.13% 65.62% 50.07% Regulatory Capital Ratios & Other Tier I risk-based capital ratio 11.70% 10.79% 10.88% 17.39% 14.10% 15.63% Total risk-based capital ratio 12.95% 12.04% 12.14% 18.64% 15.35% 16.88% Leverage capital ratio 10.17% 9.26% 9.01% 13.23% 10.41% 10.29% Full time equivalent employees 37 35 122 25 26 23 111 99 85 Locations 2 2 2 2 2 2 </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> Other Eliminations Consolidation ------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------- (Dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2006 - ---------------------------------- ----- ----- ----- ---------- -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Condensed Income Statements Net interest income (71) (65) (73) -- -- -- 212,613 183,469 158,288 Noninterest income 248 224 229 (84,157) (84,137) (77,045) 61,034 64,818 51,842 ----- ----- ----- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenues 177 159 156 (84,157) (84,137) (77,045) 273,647 248,287 210,130 Provision for loan and lease losses -- -- -- -- -- -- (28,480) (6,680) (5,192) Core deposit intangible expense -- -- -- -- -- -- (3,051) (3,202) (2,024) Other noninterest expense (204) (192) (270) 13,069 11,711 10,053 (142,858) (134,715) (110,526) ----- ----- ----- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Pretax earnings (27) (33) (114) (71,088) (72,426) (66,992) 99,258 103,690 92,388 Income tax (expense) benefit -- -- -- -- -- -- (33,601) (35,087) (31,257) ----- ----- ----- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net income (27) (33) (114) (71,088) (72,426) (66,992) 65,657 68,603 61,131 ===== ===== ===== =========== ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= Average Balance Sheet Data Total assets 3,362 3,401 3,390 (920,865) (768,984) (545,605) 5,029,403 4,606,082 4,015,088 Total loans -- -- -- (1,060) (4,755) (4,535) 3,808,421 3,360,327 2,772,525 Total deposits -- -- -- (28,155) (23,470) (20,017) 3,100,505 3,265,755 2,779,630 Stockholders' equity 1,592 1,630 1,681 (657,064) (608,454) (466,463) 564,785 496,393 382,095 End of Year Balance Sheet Data Total assets 3,341 3,385 3,452 (1,040,988) (770,071) (733,716) 5,553,970 4,817,330 4,471,298 Loans, net of ALLL -- -- -- (1,047) (1,073) (1,098) 4,053,454 3,557,122 3,165,524 Total deposits -- -- -- (106,457) (35,204) (24,056) 3,262,475 3,184,478 3,207,533 Stockholders' equity 1,577 1,605 1,648 (703,760) (628,937) (562,103) 676,940 528,576 456,143 Performance Ratios Return on average assets 1.31% 1.49% 1.52% Return on average equity 11.63% 13.82% 16.00% Efficiency ratio 53.32% 55.55% 53.56% Regulatory Capital Ratios & Other Tier I risk-based capital ratio 14.30% 12.17% 12.10% Total risk-based capital ratio 15.55% 13.42% 13.35% Leverage capital ratio 12.38% 10.48% 9.77% Full time equivalent employees 1571 1480 1356 Locations 98 94 93 </TABLE> 8
INTERNET ACCESS Copies of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge through the Company's website (www.glacierbancorp.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company has filed the material with, or furnished it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Copies can also be obtained by accessing the SEC's website (www.sec.gov). MARKET AREA The Company has 98 locations, of which 6 are loan or administration offices, in 33 counties within 6 states including Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Washington. The Company has 50 offices that serve northwest and west central Montana. In Idaho, there are 29 locations serving southeast, northern and south central Idaho. In Wyoming, there are 9 locations concentrated in southwest Wyoming. In Utah there are 4 locations. In Washington, there are 3 locations. In Colorado, there are 3 locations. The market area's economic base primarily focuses on tourism, construction, manufacturing, service industry, and health care. The tourism industry is highly influenced by two national parks, several ski resorts, large lakes, and rural scenic areas. Construction results from the high population growth that has occurred in the market areas, in particular Idaho and western Montana. COMPETITION Based on the FDIC summary of deposits survey as of June 30, 2008, the Company has approximately 19 percent of the total FDIC insured deposits in the 13 counties that it services in Montana. In Idaho, the Company has approximately 6 percent of the deposits in the 9 counties that it services. In Wyoming, 1st Bank has 22 percent of the deposits in the 4 counties it services. In Colorado, San Juans has 10 percent of the deposits in the 2 counties it serves. There are a large number of depository institutions including savings banks, commercial banks, and credit unions in the counties in which the Company has offices. The Banks, like other depository institutions, are operating in a rapidly changing environment. Non-depository financial service institutions, primarily in the securities and insurance industries, have become competitors for retail savings and investment funds. Mortgage banking/brokerage firms are actively competing for residential mortgage business. In addition to offering competitive interest rates, the principal methods used by banking institutions to attract deposits include the offering of a variety of services including on-line banking and convenient office locations and business hours. The primary factors in competing for loans are interest rates and rate adjustment provisions, loan maturities, loan fees, and the quality of service to borrowers and brokers. 9
DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET The following three-year schedule provides (i) the total dollar amount of interest and dividend income of the Company for earning assets and the resultant average yield; (ii) the total dollar amount of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resultant average rate; (iii) net interest and dividend income; (iv) interest rate spread; and (v) net interest margin, return on average assets and return on average equity. AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET <TABLE> <CAPTION> For the year ended 12-31-08 For the year ended 12-31-07 For the year ended 12-31-06 ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ Interest Average Interest Average Interest Average Average and Yield/ Average and Yield/ Average and Yield/ (Dollars in Thousands) Balance Dividends Rate Balance Dividends Rate Balance Dividends Rate - ------------------------------ ---------- --------- ------- ---------- --------- ------- ---------- --------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> ASSETS Residential First Mortgage $ 746,135 51,166 6.86% $ 798,841 59,664 7.47% $ 702,530 52,219 7.43% Commercial Loans 2,390,990 165,119 6.91% 1,957,252 157,644 8.05% 1,550,481 119,215 7.69% Consumer and Other Loans 671,296 47,725 7.11% 604,234 48,105 7.96% 519,514 40,284 7.75% ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- Total Loans 3,808,421 264,010 6.93% 3,360,327 265,413 7.90% 2,772,525 211,718 7.64% Tax-exempt Investment Securities (1) 282,884 13,901 4.91% 272,042 13,427 4.94% 282,883 13,901 4.91% Taxable Investment Securities 555,955 25,074 4.51% 574,913 25,920 4.51% 652,176 27,707 4.25% ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- Total Earning Assets 4,647,260 302,985 6.52% 4,207,282 304,760 7.24% 3,707,584 253,326 6.83% ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- Goodwill and Intangibles 152,822 149,934 102,789 Non-Earning Assets 229,321 248,866 204,715 ---------- ---------- ---------- TOTAL ASSETS $5,029,403 $4,606,082 $4,015,088 ========== ========== ========== LIABILITIES NOW Accounts $ 467,374 3,014 0.64% $ 461,341 4,708 1.02% $ 389,042 2,976 0.77% Savings Accounts 272,673 1,865 0.68% 268,175 2,679 1.00% 243,333 2,336 0.96% Money Market Demand Accounts 760,599 17,234 2.27% 754,995 27,248 3.61% 584,467 18,043 3.09% Certificate Accounts 860,780 32,899 3.82% 1,000,797 46,824 4.68% 860,092 34,792 4.05% Advances from FHLB 566,933 15,355 2.71% 382,243 18,897 4.94% 487,112 20,460 4.20% Securities Sold Under agreements to Reprchase and Other Borrowed Funds 752,958 20,005 2.66% 412,237 20,935 5.08% 329,787 16,431 4.98% ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- Total Interest Bearing Liabilities 3,681,317 90,372 2.46% 3,279,788 121,291 3.70% 2,893,833 95,038 3.28% -------- -------- -------- Non-interest Bearing Deposits 739,079 781,447 702,696 Other Liabilities 44,222 48,454 36,464 ---------- ---------- ---------- Total Liabilities 4,464,618 4,109,689 3,632,993 ---------- ---------- ---------- STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Common Stock 548 532 497 Paid-In Capital 393,158 361,003 291,015 Retained Earnings 171,385 132,352 90,624 Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (306) 2,506 (41) ---------- ---------- ---------- Total Stockholders' Equity 564,785 496,393 382,095 ---------- ---------- ---------- TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $5,029,403 $4,606,082 $4,015,088 ========== ========== ========== NET INTEREST INCOME $212,613 $183,469 $158,288 ======== ======== ======== NET INTEREST SPREAD 4.06% 3.54% 3.55% NET INTEREST MARGIN 4.58% 4.36% 4.27% NET INTEREST MARGIN (TAX EQUIVALENT) 4.70% 4.50% 4.44% RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS (2) 1.31% 1.49% 1.52% RETURN ON AVERAGE EQUITY (3) 11.63% 13.82% 16.00% </TABLE> (1) Without tax effect on non-taxable securities income of $6,155,000, $5,944,000 and $6,154,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. (2) Net income divided by average total assets (3) Net income divided by average equity 10
RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS Net interest income can be evaluated from the perspective of relative dollars of change in each period. Interest income and interest expense, which are the components of net interest income, are shown in the following table on the basis of the amount of any increases (or decreases) attributable to changes in the dollar levels of the Company's interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities ("Volume") and the yields earned and rates paid on such assets and liabilities ("Rate"). The change in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rates has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate. Net interest income increased $29 million in 2008 over 2007. The increase was primarily due to increases in loan volumes and decrease in deposit and borrowing rates which combined outpaced the decrease in loan rates. For additional information see "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis". <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31, 2008 vs. 2007 2007 vs. 2006 ------------------------------ ---------------------------- Increase (Decrease) due to: Increase (Decrease) due to: ------------------------------ ---------------------------- (dollars in thousands) Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net - ------------------------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> INTEREST INCOME Real Estate Loans $(3,936) $ (4,562) $ (8,498) $ 7,159 $ 286 $ 7,445 Commercial Loans 34,934 (27,459) 7,475 31,276 7,153 38,429 Consumer and Other Loans 5,339 (5,719) (380) 6,570 1,251 7,821 Investment Securities (377) 5 (372) (3,920) 1,659 (2,261) ------- -------- -------- ------- ------- -------- Total Interest Income 35,960 (37,735) (1,775) 41,085 10,349 51,434 ------- -------- -------- ------- ------- -------- INTEREST EXPENSE NOW Accounts 62 (1,756) (1,694) 553 1,179 1,732 Savings Accounts 45 (860) (815) 238 105 343 Money Market Accounts 202 (10,215) (10,013) 5,264 3,941 9,205 Certificate Accounts (6,551) (7,374) (13,925) 5,692 6,340 12,032 FHLB Advances 9,131 (12,673) (3,542) (4,405) 2,842 (1,563) Other Borrowings and Repurchase Agreements 17,303 (18,233) (930) 4,109 395 4,504 ------- -------- -------- ------- ------- -------- Total Interest Expense 20,192 (51,111) (30,919) 11,451 14,802 26,253 ------- -------- -------- ------- ------- -------- NET INTEREST INCOME $15,768 $ 13,376 $ 29,144 $29,634 $(4,453) $ 25,181 ======= ======== ======== ======= ======= ======== </TABLE> INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES It has generally been the Company's policy to maintain a liquid portfolio above policy limits because higher yields can generally be obtained from loan originations than from short-term deposits and investment securities. Liquidity levels may be increased or decreased depending upon yields on investment alternatives and upon management's judgment as to the attractiveness of the yields then available in relation to other opportunities and its expectation of the level of yield that will be available in the future. The Company's investment securities are generally classified as available for sale and are carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains or losses, net of tax, reflected as an adjustment to stockholders' equity. The Company uses the federal statutory rate of 35 percent in calculating its tax equivalent yield. Approximately $418 million of the investment portfolio is comprised of tax exempt investments which is an increase of $148 million from the prior year. For information about the Company's equity investment in the stock of the FHLB, see "Sources of Funds - Advances and Other Borrowings". For additional information, see "Item 7 - Management's Discussion & Analysis" and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". 11
LENDING ACTIVITY GENERAL The Banks focus their lending activity primarily on the following types of loans: 1) first-mortgage, conventional loans secured by residential properties, particularly single-family, 2) installment lending for consumer purposes (e.g., auto, home equity, etc.), and 3) commercial lending that concentrates on targeted businesses. "Item 7 - Management's Discussion & Analysis" and Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" contain more information about the loan portfolio. LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION The following table summarizes the Company's loan portfolio: <TABLE> <CAPTION> At At At At At 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 12/31/2006 12/31/2005 12/31/2004 (dollars in thousands) -------------------- -------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- TYPE OF LOAN Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent - ---------------------- ----------- ------- ----------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> REAL ESTATE LOANS: Residential first mortgage $ 786,869 19.41% $ 689,238 19.38% $ 758,921 23.97% $ 589,260 24.58% $ 382,750 22.49% Held for sale $ 54,976 1.36% $ 40,123 1.13% $ 35,135 1.11% $ 22,540 0.94% $ 14,476 0.85% ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ----- ---------- ------ Total $ 841,845 20.77% $ 729,361 20.51% $ 794,056 25.08% $ 611,800 25.52% $ 397,226 23.34% ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ----- ---------- ------ COMMERCIAL LOANS: Real estate $1,935,341 47.74% $1,617,076 45.46% $1,165,617 36.83% $ 935,460 39.02% $ 639,732 37.60% Other commercial $ 645,033 15.91% $ 636,351 17.89% $ 691,667 21.85% $ 425,236 17.74% $ 353,305 20.76% ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ----- ---------- ------ Total $2,580,374 63.65% $2,253,427 63.35% $1,857,284 58.68% $1,360,696 56.76% $ 993,037 58.36% ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ----- ---------- ------ CONSUMER AND OTHER LOANS: Consumer $ 208,166 5.14% $206,724 5.81% $ 218,640 6.91% $ 175,503 7.32% $ 95,663 5.62% Home equity $ 507,831 12.53% $432,217 12.15% $ 356,477 11.26% $ 295,992 12.35% $ 248,684 14.61% ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ----- ---------- ------ Total $ 715,997 17.67% $638,941 17.96% $ 575,117 18.17% $ 471,495 19.67% $ 344,347 20.23% ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ----- ---------- ------ Net deferred loan fees, premiums and discounts ($8,023) -0.20% ($10,194) -0.29% ($11,674) -0.37% ($ 8,149) -0.34% ($ 6,313) -0.37% Allowance for loan and lease losses ($76,739) -1.89% ($54,413) -1.53% ($49,259) -1.56% ($38,655) -1.61% ($26,492) -1.56% ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET $4,053,454 100.00% $3,557,122 100.00% $3,165,524 100.00% $2,397,187 100.00% $1,701,805 100.00% ========== ====== ========== ====== ========== ====== ========== ====== ========== ====== </TABLE> LOAN PORTFOLIO MATURITIES OR REPRICING TERM The stated maturities or first repricing term (if applicable) for the loan portfolio at December 31, 2008 was as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Commercial Consumer Totals - ---------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Variable Rate Maturing or Repricing in: One year or less $200,854 1,083,999 268,233 1,553,086 One to five years 213,477 661,637 53,024 928,138 Thereafter 7,835 74,885 1,598 84,318 Fixed Rate Maturing or Repricing in: One year or less 319,320 350,468 169,186 838,974 One to five years 97,161 326,620 211,608 635,389 Thereafter 3,198 82,765 12,348 98,311 -------- --------- ------- --------- Totals $841,845 2,580,374 715,997 4,138,216 ======== ========= ======= ========= </TABLE> 12
RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE LENDING The Company's lending activities consist of the origination of both construction and permanent loans on residential real estate loans. The Company actively solicits residential real estate loan applications from real estate brokers, contractors, existing customers, customer referrals, and walk-ins to their offices. The Company's lending policies generally limit the maximum loan-to-value ratio on residential mortgage loans to 80 percent of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price or above 80 percent of the loan if insured by a private mortgage insurance company. The Company also provides interim construction financing for single-family dwellings. These loans are supported by a term take out commitment. Total residential construction loans are $112 million as of December 31, 2008. CONSUMER LAND AND LOT LOANS The Company also makes land and lot acquisition loans to borrowers who intend to construct their primary residence on the respective land or lot. These loans are generally for a term of three to five years and are secured by the developed land or lot with the loan to value limited to the lesser of 75% of cost or appraised value. As of December 31, 2008, these loans totaled $179 million. LAND ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT LOANS Where real estate market conditions warrant, the Company makes land acquisition and development loans on properties intended for residential and commercial use. These loans are generally made for a term of 18 months to two years and secured by the developed property with a loan-to-value not to exceed the lesser of 75 percent of cost or 65 percent of the appraised discounted bulk sale value upon completion of the improvements. The loans are made to borrowers with real estate development experience and appropriate financial strength. Generally it is required a certain percentage of the development be pre-sold or that construction and term take out commitments are in place prior to funding the loan. As of December 31, 2008, land acquisition loans totaled $135 million and development loans totaled $270 million. RESIDENTIAL BUILDER GUIDANCE LINES The Company provides Builder Guidance Lines that are comprised of pre-sold and spec-home construction and lot acquisition loans. The spec-home construction and lot acquisition loans are limited to a set number and maximum amount. Generally the individual loans will not exceed a one year maturity. The homes under construction are inspected on a regular basis and advances made on a percentage of completion basis. As of December 31, 2008, spec and pre-sold home loans totaled $198 million and developed lots total $87 million. COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LOANS Loans are made to purchase, construct and finance commercial real estate properties. These loans are generally made to borrowers who own and will occupy the property. Loans to finance investment or income properties are made, but require additional equity and a higher debt service coverage margin commensurate with the specific property and projected income. As of December 31, 2008, commercial real estate construction loans totaled $77 million, owner-occupied term commercial loans totaled $623 million and non-owner occupied term commercial real estate loans totaled $388 million. CONSUMER LENDING The majority of consumer loans are secured by real estate, automobiles, or other assets. The Banks intend to continue making such loans because of their short-term nature, generally between three months and five years. Moreover, interest rates on consumer loans are generally higher than on mortgage loans. The Banks also originate second mortgage and home equity loans, especially to its existing customers in instances where the first and second mortgage loans are less than 80 percent of the current appraised value of the property. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT The Company's credit risk management includes stringent credit policies, individual loan approval limits and committee approval of larger loan requests. Management practices also include regular internal and external credit examinations and an independent stress testing of the land acquisition/development and commercial real estate portfolios. On a quarterly basis, both the Banks and the bank holding company management review loans experiencing deterioration of credit quality, including a review of the acquisition and development loans, and spec/pre-sold home loans, On a semi-annual basis, a review of loans by industry and concentration limits is performed. Federal and state regulatory safety and soundness examinations are conducted annually at Glacier, Mountain, First Security and Western and every eighteen months for all other bank subsidiaries. LOAN APPROVAL LIMITS Individual loan approval limits have been established for each lender based on the loan types and experience of the individual. Each bank subsidiary has an Officer Loan Committee consisting of senior lenders and members of senior management. The Officer Loan Committee for each bank has approval authority up to its respective Bank's Board of Directors loan approval authority. The Banks' 13
Board of Directors approval authority is $2,000,000 at Big Sky, Valley, 1st Bank, Citizens, Morgan, San Juans, and First Bank-MT and $3,500,000 at Glacier, Mountain West, First Security and Western. Loans over these limits up to $10,000,000 are subject to approval by the Executive Loan Committee consisting of the Bank's senior loan officers and the Company's Credit Administrator. Loans greater than $10,000,000 are subject to approval by the Company's Board of Directors. Under banking laws, loans to one borrower and related entities are limited to a set percentage of the unimpaired capital and surplus of each bank subsidiary. LOAN PURCHASES AND SALES Fixed-rate, long-term mortgage loans are generally sold in the secondary market. The Company is active in the secondary market, primarily through the origination of conventional, FHA and VA residential mortgages. The sale of loans in the secondary mortgage market reduces the Company's risk of holding long-term, fixed-rate loans during periods of rising rates. The sale of loans also allows the Company to make loans during periods when funds are not otherwise available for lending purposes. In connection with conventional loan sales, the Company typically sells a majority of mortgage loans originated, with servicing released, retaining servicing only on loans sold to investors. The Company has also been very active in generating commercial SBA loans, and other commercial loans, with a portion of those loans sold to investors. As of December 31, 2008, loans serviced for others aggregated approximately $181 million. The Company has not originated any type of subprime mortgages, either for the loan portfolio or for sale to investors. In addition, the Company has not purchased securities that were collateralized with subprime mortgages. The Company did not purchase loans outside the Company or originate loans outside the existing geographic area. LOAN ORIGINATION AND OTHER FEES In addition to interest earned on loans, the Company receives fees for originating loans. Loan fees generally are a percentage of the principal amount of the loan and are charged to the borrower, and are normally deducted from the proceeds of the loan. Loan origination fees are generally 1.0 percent to 1.5 percent on residential mortgages and .5 percent to 1.5 percent on commercial loans. Consumer loans require a flat fee as well as a minimum interest amount. The Company also receives other fees and charges relating to existing loans, which include charges and fees collected in connection with loan modifications and escrow service. NON-PERFORMING LOANS AND ASSET CLASSIFICATION Loans are reviewed on a regular basis and are placed on a non-accrual status when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is unlikely. The Company typically places loans on non-accrual when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for 90 days or more unless the loan is in process of collection and well-secured by collateral the fair value of which is sufficient to discharge the debt in full. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is generally reversed against current period interest income. Subsequent payments are either applied to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on the assessment of the ultimate repayment of the loan. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. The following table sets forth information regarding the Banks' non-performing assets at the dates indicated: NON-PERFORMING ASSETS <TABLE> <CAPTION> At At At At At (dollars in thousands) 12/31/08 12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05 12/31/04 - --------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> NON-ACCRUAL LOANS: Mortgage loans $ 3,575 $ 934 $1,806 $ 726 $ 847 Commercial loans 58,454 7,192 3,721 4,045 4,792 Consumer loans 2,272 434 538 481 311 ------- ------- ------ ------- ------ Total 64,301 8,560 6,065 5,252 5,950 ------- ------- ------ ------- ------ ACCRUING LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE OVERDUE: Mortgage loans 4,103 840 554 1,659 179 Commercial loans 2,897 1,216 638 2,199 1,067 Consumer loans 1,613 629 153 647 396 ======= ======= ====== ======= ====== Total 8,613 2,685 1,345 4,505 1,642 ------- ------- ------ ------- ------ Real estate and other assets owned 11,539 2,043 1,484 332 2,016 ------- ------- ------ ------- ------ TOTAL NON-PERFORMING LOANS AND REAL ESTATE AND OTHER ASSETS OWNED 84,453 13,288 8,894 10,089 9,608 ------- ------- ------ ------- ------ AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL BANK ASSETS 1.46% 0.27% 0.19% 0.26% 0.32% ======= ======= ====== ======= ====== Interest Income (1) $ 4,434 $ 683 $ 462 $ 359 $ 372 ======= ======= ====== ======= ====== </TABLE> (1) Amount of interest that would have been recorded on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis as of the end of each period if such loans had been current for the entire period. 14
Non-performing assets as a percentage of the Bank's total assets at December 31, 2008 were at 1.46 percent, up from .27 percent as of December 31, 2007. The allowance for loan and lease losses ("ALLL" or "allowance") was 90.87 percent of non-performing assets at December 31, 2008, down from 409.49 percent for the prior year end. Each bank subsidiary evaluates the level of its non-performing assets, the values of the underlying real estate and other collateral, and related trends in net charge-offs. Through pro-active credit administration, the Banks work closely with borrowers to seek favorable resolution to the extent possible, thereby attempting to minimize net charge-offs or losses to the Company. Most of the Company's non-performing assets are secured by real estate. Based on the most current information available to management, including updated appraisals where appropriate, the Company believes the value of the underlying real estate collateral is adequate to minimize significant charge-offs or loss to the Company. A loan is considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The amount of the impairment is measured using cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when it is determined that repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. For collateral dependent loans, impairment is measured by the fair value of the collateral less the cost to sell. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal on an impaired loan is not in doubt, contractual interest is generally credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method. Total interest income recognized for impaired loans under the cash basis for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was not significant. Impaired loans, net of government guaranteed amounts, were $79.9 million and $12.2 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The ALLL includes valuation allowances of $8.0 million and $2.8 million specific to impaired loans as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The combined total of lot acquisition loans to borrowers who intend to construct a primary residence on the lot, and other construction and land acquisition and development loans is $1.103 billion and represents 26.7 percent of the total loans as of December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2007, the comparable total was $1.021, or 28.3 percent of total loans. Outstanding balances are centered in Western Montana, and Couer d'Alene, Sandpoint, and Boise, Idaho. The geographic dispersion, in addition to the normal credit standards, further mitigates the risk of loss in the portfolio. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES The Company is committed to a conservative management of the credit risk within the loan and lease portfolios, including the early recognition of problem loans. The Company's credit risk management includes stringent credit policies, individual loan approval limits, limits on concentrations of credit, and committee approval of larger loan requests. Management practices also include regular internal and external credit examinations, identification and review of individual loans and leases experiencing deterioration of credit quality, procedures for the collection of non-performing assets, quarterly monitoring of the loan and lease portfolios, semi-annual review of loans by industry, and periodic stress testing of the loans secured by real estate. Determining the adequacy of the ALLL involves a high degree of judgment and is inevitably imprecise as the risk of loss is difficult to quantify. The ALLL methodology is designed to reasonably estimate the probable loan and lease losses within each bank subsidiary's loan and lease portfolios. Accordingly, the ALLL is maintained within a range of estimated losses. The determination of the ALLL and the related provision for credit losses is a critical accounting estimate that involves management's judgments about all known relevant internal and external environmental factors that affect loan losses, including the credit risk inherent in the loan and lease portfolios, economic conditions nationally and in the local markets in which the Banks operate, changes in collateral values, delinquencies, non-performing assets and net charge-offs. Although the Company and the banks continue to actively monitor economic trends, a softening of economic conditions combined with declines in the values of real estate that collateralize most of the Company's loan and lease portfolios may adversely affect the credit risk and potential for loss to the Company. The Company considers the ALLL balance of $76.7 million adequate to cover inherent losses in the loan and lease portfolios as of December 31, 2008. However, no assurance can be given that the Company will not, in any particular period, sustain losses that are significant relative to the amount reserved, or that subsequent evaluations of the loan and lease portfolios applying management's judgment about then current factors, including regulatory developments, will not require significant changes in the ALLL. Under such circumstances, this could result in enhanced provisions for credit losses. See additional risk factors in Part I - Item 1A - Risk Factors. The Company's model of eleven wholly-owned, independent community banks, each with its own loan committee, chief credit officer and Board of Directors, provides substantial local oversight to the lending and credit management function. Unlike a traditional, single-bank holding company, the Company's decentralized business model affords multiple reviews of larger loans before credit is extended, a 15
significant benefit in mitigating and managing the Company's credit risk. The geographic dispersion of the market areas in which the Company and the community bank subsidiaries operate further mitigates the risk of credit loss. While this process is intended to limit credit exposure, there can be no assurance that problem credits will not arise and loan losses incurred, particularly in periods of rapid economic downturns. At the end of each quarter, each of the subsidiary community banks analyzes its loan and lease portfolio and maintain an ALLL at a level that is appropriate and determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The ALLL balance covers estimated credit losses on individually evaluated loans, including those which are determined to be impaired, as well as estimated credit losses inherent in the remainder of the loan and lease portfolios. The ALLL evaluation is well documented and approved by each bank subsidiary's Board of Directors and reviewed by the Parent's Board of Directors. In addition, the policy and procedures for determining the balance of the ALLL are reviewed annually by each bank subsidiary's Board of Directors, the Parent's Board of Directors, independent credit reviewer and state and federal bank regulatory agencies. Each of the Bank's ALLL is generally available to absorb losses from any segment of its loan and lease portfolio The primary responsibility for credit risk assessment and identification of problem loans rests with the loan officer of the account. This continuous process, utilizing each of the Bank's internal credit risk rating process, is necessary to support management's evaluation of the ALLL adequacy. An independent loan review function verifying credit risk ratings evaluates the loan officer and management's evaluation of the loan portfolio credit quality. The loan review function also assesses the evaluation process and provides an independent analysis of the adequacy of the ALLL. LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, ------------------------------------------- (Dollars in Thousands) 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 ---------------------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> BALANCE AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD $54,413 49,259 38,655 26,492 23,990 CHARGE-OFFS: Residential real estate (3,233) (306) (14) (115) (419) Commercial loans (4,957) (2,367) (1,187) (744) (1,150) Consumer loans (1,649) (714) (448) (539) (776) ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ Total charge offs $(9,839) (3,387) (1,649) (1,398) (2,345) ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ RECOVERIES: Residential real estate 23 208 341 82 171 Commercial loans 716 656 331 414 120 Consumer loans 321 358 298 415 361 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ Total recoveries $ 1,060 1,222 970 911 652 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ CHARGE-OFFS, NET OF RECOVERIES (8,779) (2,165) (679) (487) (1,693) Acquisitions (1) 2,625 639 6,091 6,627 -- PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES 28,480 6,680 5,192 6,023 4,195 ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ BALANCE AT END OF PERIOD $76,739 54,413 49,259 38,655 26,492 ======= ====== ====== ====== ====== Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period 0.23% 0.06% 0.02% 0.02% 0.10% Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loan and leases 1.86% 1.51% 1.53% 1.59% 1.53% </TABLE> (1) Acquisition of Bank of the San Juans in 2008, North Side in 2007, CDC and Morgan in 2006, First State Bank, Citizens and 1st Bank in 2005 16
ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES <TABLE> <CAPTION> 2008 2007 2006 -------------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------- Allowance Percent Allowance Percent Allowance Percent for Loan and of loans in for Loan and of loans in for Loan and of loans in (dollars in thousands) Lease Losses category Lease Losses category Lease Losses category ---------------------- ------------ ----------- ------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Residential first mortgage and loans held for sale $ 7,233 20.3% 4,755 20.2% 5,421 24.6% Commercial real estate 35,305 46.8% 23,010 44.6% 16,741 36.1% Other commercial 21,590 15.6% 17,453 17.6% 18,361 21.5% Consumer and other loans 12,611 17.3% 9,195 17.6% 8,736 17.8% ------- ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- Totals $76,739 100.0% 54,413 100.0% 49,259 100.0% ======= ===== ====== ===== ====== ===== <CAPTION> 2005 2004 -------------------------- --------------------------- Allowance Percent Allowance Percent for Loan and of loans in for Loan and of loans in (dollars in thousands) Lease Losses category Lease Losses category ---------------------- ------------ ----------- ------------- ----------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Residential first mortgage and loans held for sale 4,318 25.0% 2,693 22.9% Commercial real estate 14,370 38.3% 9,222 36.9% Other commercial 12,566 17.4% 9,836 20.3% Consumer and other loans 7,401 19.3% 4,741 19.9% ------ ----- ------ ----- Totals 38,655 100.0% 26,492 100.0% ====== ===== ====== ===== </TABLE> The ALLL has increased $22.3 million, or 41 percent, from a year ago. The ALLL of $76.7 million is 1.86 percent of December 31, 2008 total loans outstanding, up from 1.51 percent at prior year end. The provision for loan and lease loss expense was $28.5 million, an increase of $21.8 million from 2007. Net loans and lease charge-offs were $8.8 million, or .23 percent of average loans and leases in 2008, compared to net charge-offs of $2.2 million, or .06 percent of average loans and leases in 2007. The increase in the ALLL was primarily due to the increase in non-performing assets since December 31, 2007 and a downturn in global, national and local economies. The Banks' charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as real estate owned until such time as it is sold. When such property is acquired, it is recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated cost to sell. Any write-down at the time of recording real estate owned is charged to the ALLL. Any subsequent write-downs are charged to current expense. For additional information regarding the ALLL, its relation to the provision for loan and lease losses and risk related to asset quality, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." SOURCES OF FUNDS GENERAL Deposits are the most important source of the Banks' funds for lending and other business purposes. In addition, the Banks derive funds from loan repayments, advances from the FHLB, borrowings from the FRB discount window, borrowings from the U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan funds, repurchase agreements, and loan sales. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while interest bearing deposit inflows and outflows are significantly influenced by general interest rate levels and money market conditions. Borrowings and advances may be used on a short-term basis to compensate for reductions in normal sources of funds such as deposit inflows at less than projected levels. They also may be used on a long-term basis to support expanded activities and to match maturities of longer-term assets. Deposits obtained through the Banks have traditionally been the principal source of funds for use in lending and other business purposes. Currently, the Banks have a number of different deposit programs designed to attract both short-term and long-term deposits from the general public by providing a wide selection of accounts and rates. These programs include regular statement savings, interest-bearing checking, money market deposit accounts, and fixed rate certificates of deposit with maturities ranging form three months to five years, negotiated-rate jumbo certificates, non-interest demand accounts, and individual retirement accounts. "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis" contains information relating to changes in the overall deposit portfolio. 17
Deposits are obtained primarily from individual and business residents of the Banks' market area. The Banks issue negotiated-rate certificate of deposits accounts and have paid a limited amount of fees to brokers to obtain deposits. The following table illustrates the amounts outstanding for deposits $100,000 and greater, according to the time remaining to maturity. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Certificate Demand (dollars in thousands) of Deposits Deposits Totals ---------------------- ----------- --------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Within three months ............ $148,956 1,214,898 1,363,854 Three months to six months ..... 108,473 -- 108,473 Seven months to twelve months .. 98,826 -- 98,826 Over twelve months ............. 50,277 -- 50,277 -------- --------- --------- Totals ................... $406,532 1,214,898 1,621,430 ======== ========= ========= </TABLE> For additional information, see "Item 7 - Management's Discussion & Analysis" and Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". ADVANCES AND OTHER BORROWINGS As members of the FHLB, the Banks may borrow from such entity on the security of FHLB stock which the Banks are required to own and certain of its loans and other assets (principally, securities which are obligations of, or guaranteed by, the United States), provided certain standards related to credit-worthiness have been met. Advances are made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. Depending on the program, limitations on the amount of advances are based either on a fixed percentage of an institution's total assets or on the FHLB's assessment of the institution's credit-worthiness. FHLB advances have been used from time to time to meet seasonal and other withdrawals of deposits and to expand lending by matching a portion of the estimated amortization and prepayments of retained fixed rate mortgages. All bank subsidiaries, except San Juans are members of the FHLB of Seattle and San Juans is a member of the FHLB of Topeka. The Banks may also borrow funds from the FRB discount window or from the U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan program. Both programs require pledging of certain loans or securities of the Banks and are generally short term obligations. From time to time, primarily as a short-term financing arrangement for investment or liquidity purposes, the Banks have made use of repurchase agreements. This process involves the "selling" of one or more of the securities in the Banks' portfolio and by entering into an agreement to "repurchase" that same security at an agreed upon later date. A rate of interest is paid for the subject period of time. In addition, although the Banks have offered retail repurchase agreements to its retail customers, the Government Securities Act of 1986 imposed confirmation and other requirements which generally made it impractical for financial institutions to offer such investments on a broad basis. Through policies adopted by each of the Banks' Board of Directors, the Banks enter into repurchase agreements with local municipalities, and certain customers, and have adopted procedures designed to ensure proper transfer of title and safekeeping of the underlying securities. 18
The following chart illustrates the average balances and the maximum outstanding month-end balances for FHLB advances, repurchase agreements, U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan borrowings, and FRB discount window borrowings: <TABLE> <CAPTION> For the year ended December 31, -------------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - ---------------------- -------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> FHLB Advances Amount outstanding at end of period ... $338,456 538,949 307,522 Average balance ....................... $566,933 382,243 487,112 Maximum outstanding at any month-end .. $822,107 538,949 655,492 Weighted average interest rate ........ 2.71% 4.94% 4.20% Repurchase Agreements: Amount outstanding at end of period ... $188,363 178,041 170,216 Average balance ....................... $188,952 171,290 153,314 Maximum outstanding at any month-end .. $196,461 193,421 164,338 Weighted average interest rate ........ 2.02% 4.35% 4.32% U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan: Amount outstanding at end of period ... $ 6,067 221,409 166,544 Average balance ....................... $165,690 120,188 78,072 Maximum outstanding at any month-end .. $385,246 244,012 185,123 Weighted average interest rate ........ 2.28% 5.03% 4.95% Federal Reserve Bank discount window: Amount outstanding at end of period ... $914,000 -- -- Average balance ....................... $277,611 -- -- Maximum outstanding at any month-end .. $928,000 -- -- Weighted average interest rate ........ 1.76% -- -- </TABLE> For additional information concerning the Company's borrowings and repurchase agreements, see Notes 8 and 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES In addition to funds obtained in the ordinary course of business, the Company formed Glacier Trust II, Glacier Trust III, and Glacier Trust IV as financing subsidiaries and obtained Citizens Trust I in connection with the acquisition of Citizens on April 1, 2005 and San Juans Trust I in connection with the acquisition of San Juans on December 1, 2008. The trusts issued preferred securities that entitle the shareholder to receive cumulative cash distributions from payments thereon. The Subordinated Debentures outstanding as of December 31, 2008 are $121,037,000, including fair value adjustments from acquisitions. For additional information regarding the subordinated debentures, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". EMPLOYEES As of December 31, 2008, the Company employed 1,662 persons, 1,432 of who were full time, none of whom were represented by a collective bargaining group. The Company provides its employees with a comprehensive benefit program, including medical insurance, dental plan, life and accident insurance, long-term disability coverage, sick leave, profit sharing plan, savings plan and employee stock options. The Company considers its employee relations to be excellent. See Note 13 in the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for detailed information regarding employee benefit plans and eligibility. 19
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION INTRODUCTION The following discussion describes elements of the extensive regulatory framework applicable to the Company and the Banks. This regulatory framework is primarily designed for the protection of depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, rather than specifically for the protection of shareholders. Due to the breadth of this regulatory framework, the costs of compliance continue to increase in order to monitor and satisfy these requirements. To the extent that this section describes statutory and regulatory provisions, it is qualified in its entirety by reference to those provisions. These statutes and regulations, as well as related policies, are subject to change by Congress, state legislatures and federal and state regulators. Changes in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company, including interpretation or implementation thereof, could have a material effect on the Company's business or operations. BANK HOLDING COMPANY REGULATION General. The Company is a bank holding company as defined in the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended ("BHCA"), due to its ownership of the bank subsidiaries listed below: Glacier, Valley, First Security, Big Sky, First Bank-MT and Western are Montana state-chartered banks, and are members of the Federal Reserve System; Mountain West and Citizens are Idaho state-chartered banks; 1st Bank is a Wyoming state-chartered bank and is a member of the Federal Reserve System; Morgan is a nationally chartered bank; and San Juans is a Colorado state-chartered bank. The deposits of the Banks are insured by the FDIC. As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve. In general, the BHCA limits the business of bank holding companies to owning or controlling banks and engaging in other activities closely related to banking. The Company must also file reports with and provide additional information to the Federal Reserve. Under the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, a bank holding company may apply to the Federal Reserve to become a financial holding company, and thereby engage (directly or through a subsidiary) in certain expanded activities deemed financial in nature, such as securities brokerage and insurance underwriting. Holding Company Control of Nonbanks. With some exceptions, the BHCA also prohibits a bank holding company from acquiring or retaining direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company, or from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks or providing services for its subsidiaries. The principal exceptions to these prohibitions involve certain non-bank activities that, by federal statute, agency regulation or order, have been identified as activities closely related to the business of banking or of managing or controlling banks. Transactions with Affiliates. Bank subsidiaries of a bank holding company are subject to restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on extensions of credit to the holding company or its subsidiaries, on investments in their securities, and on the use of their securities as collateral for loans to any borrower. These regulations and restrictions may limit the Company's ability to obtain funds from the bank subsidiaries for its cash needs, including funds for payment of dividends, interest and operational expenses. Tying Arrangements. The Company is prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, sale or lease of property or furnishing of services. For example, with certain exceptions, neither the Company nor the Banks may condition an extension of credit to a customer on either (i) a requirement that the customer obtain additional services provided by the Company or Banks; or (ii) an agreement by the customer to refrain from obtaining other services from a competitor. Support of Bank Subsidiaries. Under Federal Reserve policy, the Company is expected to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to its Banks. This means that the Company is required to commit, as necessary, resources to support the Banks. Any capital loans a bank holding company makes to its bank subsidiaries are subordinate to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of those bank subsidiaries. State Law Restrictions. As a Montana corporation, the Company is subject to certain limitations and restrictions under applicable Montana corporate law. For example, state law restrictions in Montana include limitations and restrictions relating to indemnification of directors, distributions to shareholders, transactions involving directors, officers or interested shareholders, maintenance of books, records and minutes, and observance of certain corporate formalities. 20
THE BANK SUBSIDIARIES Glacier, Valley, First Security, Big Sky, First Bank-MT, and Western are subject to regulation and supervision by the Montana Department of Administration's Banking and Financial Institutions Division and the Federal Reserve as a result of their membership in the Federal Reserve System. Mountain West and Citizens are subject to regulation by the Idaho Department of Finance and by the FDIC. In addition, Mountain West's Utah and Washington branches are primarily regulated by the Utah Department of Financial Institutions and the Washington Department of Financial Institutions, respectively. 1st Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve System and is subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve and also the Wyoming Division of Banking as a Wyoming state chartered bank. As a national banking association with a home office in Utah, Morgan is subject to regulation by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") and, to a certain extent, the Utah Department of Financial Institutions. San Juans is subject to regulation by the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies-Division of Banking and by the FDIC. The federal laws that apply to the Banks regulate, among other things, the scope of their business, their investments, their reserves against deposits, the timing of the availability of deposited funds, and the nature, amount of, and collateral for loans. Federal laws also regulate community reinvestment and insider credit transactions and impose safety and soundness standards. Community Reinvestment. The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 requires that, in connection with examinations of financial institutions within their jurisdiction, federal bank regulators must evaluate the record of financial institutions in meeting the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of those banks. A bank's community reinvestment record is also considered by the applicable banking agencies in evaluating mergers, acquisitions, and applications to open a branch or facility. Insider Credit Transactions. Banks are also subject to certain restrictions on extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, and their related interests. Extensions of credit (i) must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are at least as stringent, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not covered above and who are not employees; and (ii) must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Regulation of Management. Federal law (i) sets forth circumstances under which officers or directors of a bank may be removed by the institution's federal supervisory agency; (ii) places restraints on lending by a bank to its executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, and their related interests; and (iii) prohibits management personnel of a bank from serving as a director or in other management positions of another financial institution whose assets exceed a specified amount or which has an office within a specified geographic area. Safety and Soundness Standards. Federal law imposes upon banks certain non-capital safety and soundness standards. These standards cover, among other things, internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation and benefits. Additional standards apply to asset quality, earnings and stock valuation. An institution that fails to meet these standards must develop a plan acceptable to its regulators, specifying the steps that the institution will take to meet the standards. Failure to submit or implement such a plan may subject the institution to regulatory sanctions. INTERSTATE BANKING AND BRANCHING The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (the "Interstate Act") relaxed prior interstate branching restrictions under federal law by permitting nationwide interstate banking and branching under certain circumstances. Generally, bank holding companies may purchase banks in any state and states may not prohibit such purchases. Additionally, banks are permitted to merge with banks in other states as long as the home state of neither merging bank has "opted out." The Interstate Act requires regulators to consult with community organizations before permitting an interstate institution to close a branch in a low-income area. Federal bank regulations prohibit banks from using their interstate branches primarily for deposit production and federal bank regulatory agencies have implemented a loan-to-deposit ratio screen to ensure compliance with this prohibition. With regard to interstate bank mergers, Montana "opted-out" of the Interstate Act. Subject to certain conditions, an in-state bank that has been in existence for at least 5 years may merge with an out-of-state bank. Banks, bank holding companies, and their respective subsidiaries cannot acquire control of a bank located in Montana if, after the acquisition, the acquiring institution, together with its affiliates, would directly or indirectly control more than 22% of the total deposits of insured depository institutions and credit unions 21
located in Montana. Montana law does not authorize the establishment of a branch bank in Montana by an out-of-state bank. Idaho has enacted "opting in" legislation in accordance with the Interstate Act provisions allowing banks to engage in interstate merger transactions subject to certain "aging" requirements. Branches may not be acquired or opened separately in Idaho by an out-of-state bank, but once an out-of-state bank has acquired a bank within Idaho, either through merger or acquisition of all or substantially all of the bank's assets, the out-of-state bank may open additional branches within Idaho. Utah and Washington have each enacted "opting in" legislation similar in certain respects to that enacted by Idaho, allowing banks to engage in interstate merger transactions subject to certain aging requirements. Under Utah law, an out-of-state bank may acquire a bank branch located in Utah, but it may not establish a de novo branch in Utah if its home state does not have reciprocal laws on de novo branching. Under Washington law, an out-of-state bank may, subject to the Director's approval, open de novo branches in Washington or acquire an in-state branch so long as the home state of the out-of-state bank has reciprocal laws with respect to de novo branching or branch acquisitions Under Wyoming law, banks located in Wyoming may be acquired by out-of-state banks so long as (i) with certain exceptions, the resulting bank and its affiliates would not control 30% or more of the total deposits held by all insured depository institutions in Wyoming; and (ii) the in-state bank has been in existence for at least three years. Branches may not be acquired or opened separately in Wyoming by an out-of-state bank, but once an out-of-state bank has acquired a bank within Wyoming, either through merger or acquisition of all or substantially all of the bank's assets, the out-of-state bank may open additional branches within Wyoming. Under Colorado law, an out-of-state bank holding company may not acquire control of, or acquire all or substantially all of the assets of, a Colorado bank unless such bank has been in operation for at least five years. An out-of-state bank holding company acquiring control of a Colorado bank holding company may acquire control of any Colorado bank controlled by the Colorado bank holding company even though such bank has been in operation for less than five years. DIVIDENDS The principal source of the Company's cash is dividends received from the Banks, which are subject to government regulation and limitation. Regulatory authorities may prohibit banks and bank holding companies from paying dividends that would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice. In addition, a bank may not pay cash dividends if that payment could reduce the amount of its capital below that necessary to meet minimum applicable regulatory capital requirements. State law and, in the case of Morgan, national banking laws and related OCC regulations, limits a bank's ability to pay dividends that are greater than a certain amount without approval of the applicable agency. CAPITAL ADEQUACY Regulatory Capital Guidelines. Federal bank regulatory agencies use capital adequacy guidelines in the examination and regulation of bank holding companies and banks. The guidelines are "risk-based," meaning that they are designed to make capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banks and bank holding companies. Tier I and Tier II Capital. Under the guidelines, an institution's capital is divided into two broad categories, Tier I capital and Tier II capital. Tier I capital generally consists of common shareholders' equity, surplus, undivided profits, and subordinated debentures. Tier II capital generally consists of the allowance for loan and lease losses, hybrid capital instruments, and subordinated debt. The sum of Tier I capital and Tier II capital represents an institution's total capital. The guidelines require that at least 50% of an institution's total capital consist of Tier I capital. Risk-based Capital Ratios. The adequacy of an institution's capital is gauged primarily with reference to the institution's risk-weighted assets. The guidelines assign risk weightings to an institution's assets in an effort to quantify the relative risk of each asset and to determine the minimum capital required to support that risk. An institution's risk-weighted assets are then compared with its Tier I capital and total capital to arrive at a Tier I risk-based ratio and a total risk-based ratio, respectively. The guidelines provide that an institution must have a minimum Tier I risk-based ratio of 4% and a minimum total risk-based ratio of 8%. Leverage Ratio. The guidelines also employ a leverage ratio, which is Tier I capital as a percentage of total assets, less intangibles. The principal objective of the leverage ratio is to constrain the maximum degree to which a bank holding company may leverage its equity capital base. The minimum leverage ratio is 3%; however, for all but the most highly rated bank holding companies and for bank holding companies seeking to expand, regulators expect an additional cushion of at least 1% to 2%. Prompt Corrective Action. Under the guidelines, an institution is assigned to one of five capital categories depending on its total risk-based capital ratio, Tier I risk-based capital ratio, and leverage ratio, together with certain subjective factors. The categories range 22
from "well capitalized" to "critically undercapitalized." Institutions that are" undercapitalized" or lower are subject to certain mandatory supervisory corrective actions. In 2007, the federal banking agencies, including the FDIC and the Federal Reserve, approved final rules to implement new risk-based capital requirements. Presently, this new advanced capital adequacy framework, called Basel II, is applicable only to large and internationally active banking organizations. Basel II changes the existing risk-based capital framework by enhancing its risk sensitivity. Whether Basel II will be expanded to apply to banking organizations that are the size of the Company or its bank subsidiaries is unclear at this time, and what effect such regulations would have cannot be predicted, but the Company and the bank subsidiaries do not expect that their operations would be significantly impacted. RECENT LEGISLATION EMERGENCY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ACT OF 2008 In response to the recent financial crisis, the United States government passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the "EESA") on October 3, 2008, which provides the United States Treasury Department (the "Treasury") with broad authority to implement certain actions intended to help restore stability and liquidity to the U.S. financial markets. Insurance of Deposit Accounts. Deposit accounts are insured by the FDIC, generally up to a maximum of $100,000 per separately insured depositor and up to a maximum of $250,000 for self-directed retirement accounts. However, the EESA included a provision for a temporary increase from $100,000 to $250,000 in deposit insurance per depositor effective October 3, 2008 through December 31, 2009. The FDIC imposes an assessment against institutions for deposit insurance. This assessment is based on the risk category of the institution and ranges from 5 to 43 basis points of the institution's deposits. In December, 2008, the FDIC adopted a rule that raises the current deposit insurance assessment rates uniformly for all institutions by 7 basis points (to a range from 12 to 50 basis points) for the first quarter of 2009. The rule also gives the FDIC the authority to alter the way it calculates federal deposit insurance assessment rates beginning in the second quarter of 2009 and thereafter. In 2006, federal deposit insurance reform legislation was enacted that (i) required the FDIC to merge the Bank Insurance Fund and the Savings Association Insurance Fund into a newly created Deposit Insurance Fund; (ii) increases the amount of deposit insurance coverage for retirement accounts; (iii) allows for deposit insurance coverage on individual accounts to be indexed for inflation starting in 2010; (iv) provides the FDIC more flexibility in setting and imposing deposit insurance assessments; and (v) provides eligible institutions credits on future assessments. Troubled Asset Relief Program Pursuant to the EESA, the Treasury has the ability to purchase or insure up to $700 billion in troubled assets held by financial institutions under the Troubled Asset Relief Program ("TARP"). On October 14, 2008, the Treasury announced it would initially purchase equity stakes in financial institutions under a Capital Purchase Program (the "CPP") of up to $350 billion of the $700 billion authorized under the TARP legislation. The CPP provides direct equity investment of perpetual preferred stock by the Treasury in qualified financial institutions. The program is voluntary and requires an institution to comply with a number of restrictions and provisions, including limits on executive compensation, stock redemptions and declaration of dividends. The Company received approval for, but determined not to participate in the CPP in light of its successful sale of common stock in November 2008. Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program In October 2008, the FDIC announced the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program, which has two components--the Debt Guarantee Program and the Transaction Account Guarantee Program. Under the Transaction Account Guarantee Program any participating depository institution is able to provide full deposit insurance coverage for non-interest bearing transaction accounts, regardless of the dollar amount. Non-interest bearing transaction accounts include demand accounts and NOW accounts paying 50 basis points or less. Under the program, effective November 14, 2008, insured depository institutions that have not opted out of the FDIC Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program will be subject to a 0.10% surcharge applied to non-interest bearing transaction deposit account balances in excess of $250,000, which surcharge will be added to the institution's existing risk-based deposit insurance assessments. Under the Debt Guarantee Program, qualifying unsecured senior debt issued by a participating institution can be guaranteed by the FDIC. The Company and its bank subsidiaries chose to participate in both components of the FDIC Temporary Liquidity Guaranty Program. 23
Proposed Legislation As indicated by Treasury in 2009, additional potential legislation to be promulgated under the EESA is pending, which among other things is expected to inject more capital from Treasury into financial institutions through the Capital Assistance Program, establish a public-private investment fund for the purchase of troubled assets, and expand the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility to include commercial mortgage-backed securities. Proposed legislation is introduced in almost every legislative session that would dramatically affect the regulation of the banking industry. In light of the 2008 financial crisis and a new administration in the White House, it is anticipated that legislation reshaping the regulatory landscape could be proposed in 2009. The Company cannot predict if any such legislation will be adopted or if it is adopted how it would affect the business of the Company or the Banks. Past history has demonstrated that new legislation or changes to existing laws or regulations usually results in a greater compliance burden and therefore generally increases the cost of doing business. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTING LEGISLATION Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Act") addresses, among other things, corporate governance, auditing and accounting, enhanced and timely disclosure of corporate information, and penalties for non-compliance. Generally, the Act (i) requires chief executive officers and chief financial officers to certify to the accuracy of periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"); (ii) imposes specific and enhanced corporate disclosure requirements; (iii) accelerates the time frame for reporting of insider transactions and periodic disclosures by public companies; (iv) requires companies to adopt and disclose information about corporate governance practices, including whether or not they have adopted a code of ethics for senior financial officers and whether the audit committee includes at least one "audit committee financial expert;" and (v) requires the SEC, based on certain enumerated factors, to regularly and systematically review corporate filings. To deter wrongdoing, the Act: (i) subjects bonuses issued to top executives to disgorgement if a restatement of a company's financial statements was due to corporate misconduct; (ii) prohibits an officer or director misleading or coercing an auditor; (iii) prohibits insider trades during retirement plan "blackout periods"; (iv) imposes new criminal penalties for fraud and other wrongful acts; and (v) extends the period during which certain securities fraud lawsuits can be brought against a company or its officers. As a publicly reporting company, the Company is subject to the requirements of the Act and related rules and regulations issued by the SEC and NASDAQ. After enactment, the Company updated its policies and procedures to comply with the Act's requirements and has found that such compliance, including compliance with Section 404 of the Act relating to management control over financial reporting, has resulted in significant additional expense for the Company. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur such additional expense in its ongoing compliance. ANTI-TERRORISM LEGISLATION The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, intended to combat terrorism, was renewed with certain amendments in 2006 (the "Patriot Act"). Certain provisions of the Patriot Act were made permanent and other sections were made subject to extended "sunset" provisions. The Patriot Act, in relevant part, (i) prohibits banks from providing correspondent accounts directly to foreign shell banks; (ii) imposes due diligence requirements on banks opening or holding accounts for foreign financial institutions or wealthy foreign individuals; (iii) requires financial institutions to establish an anti-money-laundering compliance program; and (iv) eliminates civil liability for persons who file suspicious activity reports. The Act also includes provisions providing the government with power to investigate terrorism, including expanded government access to bank account records. While the Patriot Act has had minimal affect on the Company's and the bank subsidiaries record keeping and reporting expenses, it is likely that the renewal and amendment will not have a material adverse effect on business or operations. FINANCIAL SERVICES MODERNIZATION Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 brought about significant changes to the laws affecting banks and bank holding companies. Generally, the Act (i) repeals the historical restrictions on preventing banks from affiliating with securities firms; (ii) provides a uniform framework for the activities of banks, savings institutions and their holding companies; (iii) broadens the activities that may be conducted by national banks and banking subsidiaries of bank holding companies; (iv) provides an enhanced framework for protecting the privacy of consumer information and requires notification to consumers of bank privacy policies; and (v) addresses a variety of other legal and regulatory issues affecting both day-to-day operations and long-term activities of financial institutions. Bank holding companies that qualify and elect to become financial holding companies can engage in a wider variety of financial activities than permitted under previous law, particularly with respect to insurance and securities underwriting activities. 24
Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act of 2006. In 2006, the Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act of 2006 became law (the "Relief Act"). The Relief Act amends several existing banking laws and regulations, eliminates some unnecessary and overly burdensome regulations of depository institutions and clarifies several existing regulations. The Relief Act, among other things, (i) authorizes the Federal Reserve Board to set reserve ratios; (ii) amends national banks regulations relating to shareholder voting and granting of dividends; (iii) amends several provisions relating to such issues as loans to insiders, regulatory applications, privacy notices, and golden parachute payments; and (iv) expands and clarifies the enforcement authority of federal banking regulators. The Company's and the bank subsidiaries' business, expenses, and operations have not been significantly impacted by this legislation. REGULATORY OVERSIGHT AND EXAMINATION The Federal Reserve conducts periodic inspections of bank holding companies, which are performed both onsite and offsite. The supervisory objectives of the inspection program are to ascertain whether the financial strength of the bank holding company is being maintained on an ongoing basis and to determine the effects or consequences of transactions between a holding company or its non-banking subsidiaries and its bank subsidiaries. For holding companies under $10 billion in assets, the inspection type and frequency varies depending on asset size, complexity of the organization, and the holding company's rating at its last inspection. Banks are subject to periodic examinations by their primary regulators. Bank examinations have evolved from reliance on transaction testing in assessing a bank's condition to a risk-focused approach. These examinations are extensive and cover the entire breadth of operations of the bank. Generally, safety and soundness examinations occur on an 18-month cycle for banks under $500 million in total assets that are well capitalized and without regulatory issues, and 12-months otherwise. Examinations alternate between the federal and state bank regulatory agency or may occur on a combined schedule. The frequency of consumer compliance and CRA examinations is linked to the size of the institution and its compliance and CRA ratings at its most recent examinations. However, the examination authority of the Federal Reserve and the FDIC allows them to examine supervised banks as frequently as deemed necessary based on the condition of the bank or as a result of certain triggering events. EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT MONETARY POLICY The Company's earnings and growth are affected by general economic conditions and by the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government, particularly the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve implements a national monetary policy for such purposes as curbing inflation and combating recession, but its open market operations in U.S. government securities, control of the discount rate applicable to borrowings from the Federal Reserve, and establishment of reserve requirements against certain deposits, influence the growth of bank loans, investments and deposits, and also affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits. The Company cannot predict with certainty the nature and impact of future changes in monetary policies, such as the recent lowering of the Federal Reserve's discount rate, and their impact on the Company or the Banks. TAXATION FEDERAL TAXATION The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return, using the accrual method of accounting. All required tax returns have been timely filed. Financial institutions are subject to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in the same general manner as other corporations. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information. STATE TAXATION Under Montana, Idaho, Colorado and Utah law, financial institutions are subject to a corporation tax, which incorporates or is substantially similar to applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The corporation tax is imposed on federal taxable income, subject to certain adjustments. State taxes are incurred at the rate of 6.75 percent in Montana, 7.6 percent in Idaho, 5 percent in Utah and 4.63 percent in Colorado. Wyoming and Washington do not impose a corporate tax. 25
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS The Company and the Banks are exposed to certain risks. The following is a discussion of the most significant risks and uncertainties that may affect the business, financial condition and future results. The effect of the national economic situation on the Company's future results of operations or stock trading price. The national economy, and the financial services sector in particular, is currently facing challenges of a scope unprecedented in recent history. No one can predict the severity or duration of this national downturn, which has adversely impacted the markets the Company serves. Any deterioration in the Company's markets resulting from the economic slowdown would have an adverse effect on business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, and could also cause the trading price of the Company's stock to decline. The effect of recently enacted and pending federal legislation. On October 3, 2008, Congress enacted the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ("EESA"), which provides the United States Treasury Department ("Treasury") with broad authority to implement action intended to help restore stability and liquidity to the US financial markets. Pursuant to the EESA, the Treasury has the ability to purchase or insure up to $700 billion in troubled assets held by financial institutions under the Troubled Asset Relief Program ("TARP") under various programs. On October 14, 2008, the Treasury announced it would initially purchase equity stakes in financial institutions under a Capital Purchase Program (the "CPP") of up to $350 billion of the $700 billion authorized under the TARP legislation. The CPP provides direct equity investment of perpetual preferred stock by the Treasury in qualified financial institutions. The EESA also increases the amount of deposit account insurance coverage from $100,000 to $250,000 effective until December 31, 2009. As indicated by the Treasury as of early 2009, additional potential related legislation is pending, which among other things is expected to inject more capital from the Treasury into financial institutions through the Capital Assistance Program, establish a public-private investment fund for the purchase of troubled assets, and expand the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility to include commercial mortgage backed-securities. The full effect of the broad legislation already enacted and related legislation expected to be enacted in the near future on the national economy and financial institutions, particularly on mid-sized institutions like the Company, cannot now be predicted. Decline in the fair value of the Company's investment portfolio could adversely affect earnings Investment securities fair value could decline as a result of factors including changes in market interest rate, credit quality and ratings, liquidity and other economic conditions. Investment securities are impaired if the fair value of the security is less than the carrying value. When a security is impaired, the Company determines whether an impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary. If an impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impaired loss is recognized by reducing the amortized cost basis to fair value and as a charge to earnings. See critical accounting policies in "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis" for additional information regarding other-than-temporary loss on securities. The Company's ability to access markets for funding and acquire and retain customers could be adversely affected to the extent the financial service industry's reputation is damaged. Reputation risk is the risk to liquidity, earnings and capital arising from negative publicity regarding the financial services industry. The financial services industry continues to be featured in negative headlines about the global and national credit crisis and the resulting stabilization legislation enacted by the U.S. federal government. These reports can be damaging to the industry's image and potentially erode consumer confidence in insured financial institutions, such as the Company's bank subsidiaries. The Company has a high concentration of loans secured by real estate. The Company has a concentration of loans secured by real estate. While the Pacific Northwest economy typically lags the national economy, the effects of the economic downturn are now significantly impacting the Company's market area. Further downturn in the market areas the Company serves may cause the Company to have lower earnings and could increase credit risk associated with the loan portfolio, as the collateral securing those loans may decrease in value. A continued downturn in the local economy could have a material adverse effect both on the borrowers' ability to repay these loans, as well as the value of the real property held as collateral. The Company's ability to recover on defaulted loans by foreclosing and selling the real estate collateral would then be diminished and the Company would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans. The Company's loan portfolio mix could result in increased credit risk in an economic downturn. The loan portfolio contains a high percentage of commercial, commercial real estate, real estate acquisition and development loans in 26
relation to the total loans and total assets. These types of loans have historically been viewed as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans or certain other types of loans or investments. In fact, the FDIC has issued pronouncements alerting banks of its concern about banks with a heavy concentration of commercial real estate loans. These types of loans also typically are larger than residential real estate loans and other commercial loans. Because the Company's loan portfolio contains a significant number of commercial and commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or more of these loans may cause a significant increase in non-performing loans. An increase in non-performing loans could result in a loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loan losses, or an increase in loan charge-offs, which could have an adverse impact on results of operations and financial condition. An economic downturn in the market areas the Company serves may cause the Company to have lower earnings and could increase credit risk associated with the loan portfolio. The inability of borrowers to repay loans can erode earnings. Although the adverse effects of the national economic downturn have not yet been experienced in the Company's primary market areas to the extent of many other regions of the country, there can be no assurance that the Company's markets areas will also not deteriorate. A deterioration in economic conditions in the market areas the Company serves could result in the following consequences, any of which could have a material adverse impact on the Company's prospects, results of operations and financial condition: - loan delinquencies may increase further, migrating into the substantial commercial real estate and business lending portfolios; - collateral for loans made may decline further in value, in turn reducing customers' borrowing power, reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans; - demand for banking products and services may decline; and - low cost or non-interest bearing deposits may decrease. The allowance for loan and lease losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses, which could adversely affect earnings. The Company maintains an ALLL in an amount that it believes is adequate to provide for losses inherent in the portfolio. While the Company strives to carefully manage and monitor credit quality and to identify loans that may become nonperforming, at any time there are loans included in the portfolio that will result in losses, but that have not been identified as nonperforming or potential problem loans. By managing credit quality, the Company attempts to identify deteriorating loans before they become nonperforming assets and adjust the ALLL accordingly. However, because future events are uncertain, and if the economy continues to deteriorate, there may be loans that deteriorate to a nonperforming status in an accelerated time frame. As a result, future additions to the ALLL may be necessary. Because the loan portfolio contains a number of loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans may cause a significant increase in nonperforming loans, requiring an increase to the ALLL. Additionally, future significant additions to the ALLL may be required based on changes in the mix of loans comprising the portfolio, changes in the financial condition of borrowers, such as may result from changes in economic conditions, or as a result of incorrect assumptions by management in determining the ALLL. Additionally, federal banking regulators, as an integral part of their supervisory function, periodically review the Company's loan portfolio and the adequacy of the ALLL. These regulatory agencies may require the Company to recognize further loan loss provisions or charge-offs based upon their judgments, which may be different from the Company's judgments. Any increase in the ALLL could have a negative effect on the financial condition and results of operation. Fluctuating interest rates can adversely affect profitability. The Company's profitability is dependent to a large extent upon net interest income, which is the difference (or "spread") between the interest earned on loans, securities and other interest-earning assets and interest paid on deposits, borrowings, and other interest-bearing liabilities. Because of the differences in maturities and repricing characteristics of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, changes in interest rates do not produce equivalent changes in interest income earned on interest-earning assets and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Accordingly, fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect the Company's interest rate spread, and, in turn, profitability. The Company seeks to manage its interest rate risk within well established guidelines. Generally, the Company seeks an asset and liability structure that insulates net interest income from large deviations attributable to changes in market rates. A continued tightening of the credit markets may make it difficult to obtain adequate funding for loan growth, which could adversely affect earnings. A continued tightening of the credit market and the inability to obtain or retain adequate money to fund continued loan growth may negatively affect the Company's asset growth and liquidity position and, therefore, earnings capability. In addition to core deposit growth, maturity of investment securities and loan payments, the Company also relies on alternative funding sources through correspondent banking, and borrowing lines with the FRB and FHLB to fund loans. In the event the current economic downturn continues, particularly in the housing market, these resources could be negatively affected, both as to price and availability, which would limit and or raise the cost of the funds available to the Company. 27
If the goodwill recorded in connection with acquisitions becomes impaired, it could have an adverse impact on earnings and capital. Accounting standards require that the Company account for acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting. Under purchase accounting, if the purchase price of an acquired company exceeds the fair value of its net assets, the excess is carried on the acquiror's balance sheet as goodwill. At December 31, 2008, there was approximately $147 million of goodwill on the balance sheet. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, goodwill is not amortized but rather is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that a potential impairment exists. Although at the current time the Company has not incurred an impairment of goodwill, there can be no assurance that future evaluations of goodwill will not result in findings of impairment and write-downs, which could be material. Growth through future acquisitions, which could, in some circumstances, adversely affect profitability measures. The Company has in recent years acquired other financial institutions. The Company may in the future engage in selected acquisitions of additional financial institutions, including transactions that may receive assistance from the FDIC. There are risks associated with any such acquisitions that could adversely affect profitability. These risks include, among other things, incorrectly assessing the asset quality of a financial institution being acquired, encountering greater than anticipated cost of incorporating acquired businesses into the Company's operations, and being unable to profitably deploy funds acquired in an acquisition. The Company anticipates that it might issue capital stock in connection with future acquisitions. Acquisitions and related issuances of stock may have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and the percentage ownership of current shareholders. The Company currently does not have any definitive understandings or agreements for any acquisitions other than the agreement to acquire First Company and its subsidiary First National Bank & Trust, a community bank based in Powell, Wyoming. See Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information. Competition in the Company's market areas may limit future success. Commercial banking is a highly competitive business. The Company competes with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, finance, insurance and other non-depository companies operating in its market areas. The Company is subject to substantial competition for loans and deposits from other financial institutions. Some of its competitors are not subject to the same degree of regulation and restriction as the Company is. Some of the Company's competitors have greater financial resources than the Company does. If the Company is unable to effectively compete in its market areas, the Company's business, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected. The FDIC has increased insurance premiums to rebuild and maintain the federal deposit insurance fund. Based on recent events and the state of the economy, the FDIC has increased federal deposit insurance premiums by 7 basis points for the first quarter of 2009. The increase of these premiums will add to the cost of operations and could have a significant impact on the Company. New rules governing deposit insurance premiums are expected to go into effect on April 1, 2009. These new rules are intended to make assessments more balanced by requiring riskier institutions to pay a larger share. Further, depending on any future losses that the FDIC insurance fund may suffer in the current economic environment, there can be no assurance that there will not be additional significant premium increases in order to replenish the fund. Business would be harmed if the Company lost the services of any of the senior management team. The Company believes its success to date has been substantially dependent on its Chief Executive Officer and other members of the executive management team, and on the Presidents of its bank subsidiaries. The loss of any of these persons could have an adverse affect on the Company's business and future growth prospects. The Company operates in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal state and local laws and regulations. The Company is subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by federal and state banking authorities. Any change in applicable regulations or federal, state or local legislation could have a substantial impact on the Company and its operations. Additional legislation and regulations that could significantly affect the Company's powers, authority and operations may be enacted or adopted in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. Further, regulators have significant discretion and authority to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of laws or regulations by financial institutions and holding companies in the performance of their supervisory and enforcement duties. These powers recently have been utilized more frequently due to the serious national, regional and local economic conditions the Company is facing. The exercise of regulatory authority may have a negative impact on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. 28
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None ITEM 2. PROPERTIES At December 31, 2008, the Company owned 74 of its 98 offices, of which 6 are loan or administration offices. Including its headquarters and other owned properties there is an aggregate book value of approximately $101 million. The remaining offices are leased and include 7 offices in Montana, 13 offices in Idaho, 1 office in Wyoming, 1 office in Colorado, 1 office in Utah, and 1 office in Washington. The following schedule provides property information for the Company's bank subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Properties Properties Net Book (dollars in thousands) Leased Owned Value - ---------------------- ---------- ---------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Glacier 2 15 $ 24,474 Mountain West 15 14 16,151 First Security 2 10 9,962 Western 1 7 15,322 1st Bank 1 8 7,984 Big Sky 1 4 9,796 Valley -- 6 5,389 Citizens -- 5 5,446 San Juans 1 2 4,381 First Bank-MT 1 1 647 Morgan -- 2 1,930 --- --- -------- 24 74 $101,482 === === ======== </TABLE> The Company believes that all of its facilities are well maintained, generally adequate and suitable for the current operations of its business, as well as fully utilized. In the normal course of business, new locations and facility upgrades occur. For additional information concerning the Company's premises and equipment and lease obligations, see Notes 5 and 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various claims, legal actions and complaints in the ordinary course of their businesses. In the Company's opinion, all such matters are adequately covered by insurance, are without merit or are of such kind, or involve such amounts, that unfavorable disposition would not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTER TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders in the fourth quarter of 2008. 29
PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES The Company's stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol: GBCI. The primary market makers, trading greater than 1.1 million shares during the year, are listed below: Automated Trading Desk Banc of America Securities Barclays Capital Inc./Le Bloomberg Tradebook LLC Credit Suisse Securities USA D.A. Davidson & Co., Inc. Deutsche Banc Alex Brown Direct Edge ECN LLC Goldman, Sachs & Co. Goldman Sachs Execution & CI Instinet, LLC Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. Knight Equity Markets, L.P. Liquidnet, Inc. Lime Brokerage, LLC Millenco Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. Octeg, LLC RBC Capital Markets Corp. SG Americas Securities LLC UBS Securities, LLC. The market range of high and low closing prices for the Company's common stock for the periods indicated are shown below. The sale price information has been adjusted retroactively for all stock dividends and splits previously issued. As of December 31, 2008, there were approximately 2,032 shareholders of record of the Company's common stock. Following is a schedule of quarterly common stock price ranges: <TABLE> <CAPTION> 2008 2007 --------------- --------------- Quarter High Low High Low - ------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> First ................... $20.48 $15.54 $25.39 $22.76 Second .................. $21.78 $15.99 $24.61 $19.55 Third ................... $27.72 $14.46 $24.00 $18.41 Fourth .................. $25.36 $14.12 $23.85 $17.57 </TABLE> The Company paid cash dividends on its common stock of $.52 and $.50 per share for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. On November 19, 2008, the Company completed the common stock offering of 6,325,000 shares generating net proceeds, after underwriter discounts and offering expenses, of $94.0 million. The proceeds are available to fund possible future acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. Such offering was completed pursuant to the $250 million shelf registration filed with the SEC on November 3, 2008. UNREGISTERED SECURITIES There have been no securities of the Company sold within the last three years which were not registered under the Securities Act. ISSUER STOCK PURCHASES The Company made no stock repurchases during 2008. EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION The Company currently maintains two compensation plans that provide for the issuance of the stock-based compensation to officers and other employees and directors. These consist of the 1994 Director Stock Option Plan, amended, and the 2005 Employee Stock Incentive Plan, each of which have been approved by the shareholders. Although the 1995 Employee Stock Option Plan expired in April 2005, there are issued options outstanding that have not been exercised as of year end. 30
The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding options and shares reserved for future issuance under the foregoing plans as of December 31, 2008: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Number of shares remaining available for future Number of shares to be Weighted-average issuance under equity issued upon exercise of exercise price of compensation plans outstanding options, outstanding options, (excluding shares warrants, and rights (1) warrants, and rights reflected in column (a)) Plan Category (a) (b) (c) - ------------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------- ------------------------ <S> <C> <C> <C> Equity compensation plans approved by the shareholders 2,628,609 $19.73 3,602,676 Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders -- $ 0 -- </TABLE> (1) Includes shares to be issued upon exercise of options under a plan of Mountain West, which was assumed as a result of the acquisition. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following financial data of the Company are derived from the Company's historical audited financial statements and related notes. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this report. 31
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS AND SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA <TABLE> <CAPTION> Compounded Annual Growth Rate At December 31, --------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- 1-Year 5-Year (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2008/2007 2008/2003 - --------------------------------------------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL CONDITION: Total assets ............................. $5,553,970 4,817,330 4,471,298 3,708,975 3,013,213 15.3% 15.2% Investment securities, available for sale .................................. 990,092 700,324 825,637 970,055 1,086,929 41.4% (2.1%) Loans receivable, net .................... 4,053,454 3,557,122 3,165,524 2,397,187 1,701,805 14.0% 23.2% Allowance for loan and lease losses ...... (76,739) (54,413) (49,259) (38,655) (26,492) 41.0% 26.2% Intangibles .............................. 159,765 154,264 144,466 87,114 42,315 3.6% 30.1% Deposits ................................. 3,262,475 3,184,478 3,207,533 2,534,712 1,729,708 2.4% 15.3% Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank ..... 338,456 538,949 307,522 402,191 818,933 (37.2%) (15.3%) Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowed funds ... 1,110,731 401,621 338,986 317,222 81,215 176.6% 76.4% Stockholders' equity ..................... 676,940 528,576 456,143 333,239 270,184 28.1% 23.3% Equity per common share* ................. 11.04 9.85 8.72 6.91 5.87 12.1% 16.1% Equity as a percentage of total assets ... 12.19% 10.97% 10.20% 8.98% 8.97% 11.1% 7.0% </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> Compounded Annual Growth Rate Years ended December 31, --------------------- ------------------------------------------------ 1-Year 5-Year (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2008/2007 2008/2003 - --------------------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS: Interest income .......................... $302,985 304,760 253,326 189,985 147,285 (0.6%) 18.3% Interest expense ......................... 90,372 121,291 95,038 59,978 39,892 (25.5%) 18.6% -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net interest income ................... 212,613 183,469 158,288 130,007 107,393 15.9% 18.1% Provision for loan losses ................ 28,480 6,680 5,192 6,023 4,195 326.3% 49.5% Non-interest income ...................... 61,034 64,818 51,842 44,626 34,565 (5.8%) 12.7% Non-interest expense ..................... 145,909 137,917 112,550 90,926 72,133 5.8% 17.2% -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Earnings before income taxes .......... 99,258 103,690 92,388 77,684 65,630 (4.3%) 12.1% Income taxes ............................. 33,601 35,087 31,257 25,311 21,014 (4.2%) 13.1% -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net earnings .......................... 65,657 68,603 61,131 52,373 44,616 (4.3%) 11.6% ======== ======= ======= ======= ======= Basic earnings per common share* ...... 1.20 1.29 1.23 1.12 0.97 (7.0%) 7.4% Diluted earnings per common share* .... 1.19 1.28 1.21 1.09 0.96 (7.0%) 7.5% Dividends declared per share* ......... 0.52 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.36 4.0% 10.2% </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> At or for the years ended December 31, -------------------------------------- 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> RATIOS: Net earnings as a percent of average assets ........................... 1.31% 1.49% 1.52% 1.52% 1.54% average stockholders' equity ............. 11.63% 13.82% 16.00% 17.62% 17.61% Dividend payout ratio ....................... 43.33% 38.76% 36.59% 35.93% 37.36% Average equity to average asset ratio ....... 11.23% 10.78% 9.52% 8.61% 8.75% Net interest margin on average earning assets (tax equivalent) ......................... 4.70% 4.50% 4.44% 4.25% 4.18% Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percent of loans ......................... 1.86% 1.51% 1.53% 1.59% 1.53% Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percent of nonperforming assets .......... 91% 409% 554% 383% 276% </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> At or for the years ended December 31, ---------------------------------------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 - --------------------------------------------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> OTHER DATA: Loans originated and purchased ........... $2,456,749 2,576,260 2,389,341 2,113,777 1,543,595 Loans serviced for others ................ $ 181,351 177,173 177,518 145,279 174,805 Number of full time equivalent employees ............................. 1,571 1,480 1,356 1,125 857 Number of offices ........................ 98 94 93 75 58 Number of shareholders of record ......... 2,032 1,992 1,973 1,907 1,784 </TABLE> * revised for stock splits and dividends 32
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 COMPARED TO DECEMBER 31, 2007 The following discussion is intended to provide a more comprehensive review of the Company's operating results and financial condition than can be obtained from reading the Consolidated Financial Statements alone. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto included later in this report. HIGHLIGHTS AND OVERVIEW On December 1, 2008, the Company acquired San Juans which accounted for an increase in total assets of $158 million, including loans, net of the related ALLL, of $139 million, and deposits of $119 million. The acquisition was the first entry into the state of Colorado for the Company. On April 30, 2008, Whitefish merged into Glacier with operations conducted under the Glacier charter. Prior period activity of Whitefish has been combined and included in Glacier's historical results. On November 19, 2008, the Company completed the common stock offering of 6,325,000 shares generating net proceeds, after underwriter discounts and offering expenses, of $94.0 million. The proceeds are available to fund possible future acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. Such offering was completed pursuant to the $250 million shelf registration filed with the SEC on November 3, 2008. The Company experienced strong loan growth with gross loans outstanding increasing by $519 million, or 14 percent from the prior year. Without the acquisition, loans increased $377 million, or 10 percent. Investments, including interest bearing deposits and fed funds sold, increased $218 million, or 28 percent, from the prior year. Non-interest bearing deposits decreased $41 million, or 5 percent, during the year. The Company increased interest bearing deposits by $119 million, or 5 percent. The acquisition of San Juans contributed $22 million and $97 million of the non-interest bearing and interest-bearing deposit growth, respectively. FHLB advances and U. S. Treasury Tax & Loan decreased $200 million and $215 million, respectively, while FRB discount window increased $914 million for a net increase of $499 million as a result of the increase in loan growth exceeding the deposit growth. Stockholders' equity increased $148 million, or 28 percent, during the year and the Company and each of the bank subsidiaries have remained above the well capitalized levels required by regulators. The primary reasons for the increase include the $94 million common stock offering, earnings retention, acquisition of San Juans, and stock options exercised. Net earnings for 2008 were $65.657 million, which is a decrease of $2.946 million, or 4 percent, over the prior year. Diluted earnings per share of $1.19 is a decrease of 7 percent from the $1.28 earned in 2007. Included in net earnings for 2008 is a nonrecurring charge of $4.602 million ($7.6 million pre-tax) for other than temporary impairment with respect to investments in Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") preferred stock and Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") common stock and a nonrecurring gain of $1.0 million ($1.7 million pre-tax) from the sale and relocation of Mountain West's office facility in Ketchum, Idaho. Included in 2007 net earnings is a nonrecurring $1.0 million gain ($1.6 million pre-tax) from the sale of Western's Lewistown, Montana branch. Net interest income for 2008 increased $29 million, or 16 percent, over the prior year. The net interest margin as a percentage of earning assets, on a tax equivalent basis, was 4.70 percent, an increase of 20 basis points over the 4.50 percent for 2007. Excluding nonrecurring items, the efficiency ratio (non-interest expense / net interest income plus non-interest income) decreased from 56 percent to 52 percent during 2008, a four percentage point improvement. Looking forward, the Company's future performance will depend on many factors including economic conditions, including the markets the Company serves, interest rate changes, increasing competition for deposits and quality loans, and regulatory burden. The Company's goal of its asset and liability management practices is to maintain or increase the level of net interest income within an acceptable level of interest rate risk. 33
FINANCIAL CONDITION ASSETS The results of operations and financial condition include the acquisition of San Juans from December 1, 2008. Cash of $9.0 million and 640,000 shares of the Company's common stock were issued in the acquisition. The Company is currently evaluating the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired. Adjustment of the allocated purchase price may be required for pre-acquisition contingencies of the acquired entity known or discovered during the allocation period, the period of time required to identify and measure the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combination. The allocation period is generally limited to one year following consummation of a business combination. The following table provides information on selected classifications of assets and liabilities acquired: <TABLE> <CAPTION> (UNAUDITED - $ IN THOUSANDS) San Juans Acquisition Date December 1, 2008 - ---------------------------- ---------------- <S> <C> Total assets 157,648 Investments 1,060 Loans, net of ALLL 139,376 Non-interest bearing deposits 21,453 Interest bearing deposits 97,481 </TABLE> As reflected in the following table, total assets at December 31, 2008 were $5.554 billion, an increase of $737 million, or 15 percent, over the total assets of $4.817 billion at December 31, 2007. <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, ----------------------- ASSETS ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2008 2007 $ change % change - ------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Cash on hand and in banks $ 125,123 $ 145,697 $ (20,574) -14% Investments, interest bearing deposits, FHLB stock, FRB stock, and Fed Funds 1,000,224 782,236 217,988 28% Loans: Real estate 838,375 725,854 112,521 16% Commercial 2,575,828 2,247,303 328,525 15% Consumer 715,990 638,378 77,612 12% ---------- ---------- ---------- --- Total loans 4,130,193 3,611,535 518,658 14% Allowance for loan and lease losses (76,739) (54,413) (22,326) 41% ---------- ---------- ---------- --- Total loans net of allowance for loan and lease losses 4,053,454 3,557,122 496,332 14% ---------- ---------- ---------- --- Other assets 375,169 332,275 42,894 13% ---------- ---------- ---------- --- Total Assets $5,553,970 $4,817,330 $ 736,640 15% ========== ========== ========== === </TABLE> At December 31, 2008, total loans were $4.130 billion, an increase of $519 million, or 14 percent, over total loans of $3.612 billion at December 31, 2007. Excluding the loan growth attributable to San Juans of $145 million, the loan portfolio increased organically 10 percent for 2008. During the year, commercial loans grew the most with an increase of $329 million, or 15 percent, followed by real estate loans, which increased $113 million, or 16 percent, and consumer loans, which are primarily comprised of home equity loans, increasing by $78 million, or 12 percent from the December 31, 2007. Investment securities, including interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions and federal funds sold, have increased $218 million, or 28 percent, from December 31, 2007. Investment securities represented 18 percent of total assets at December 31, 2008, versus 16 percent of total assets the prior year. 34
The following table summarizes the major asset components as a percentage of total assets as of December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, --------------------- ASSETS: 2008 2007 2006 - ------- ----- ----- ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> Cash, and cash equivalents, investment securities, FHLB and FRB stock ...................................... 20.3% 19.2% 22.3% Real estate loans ..................................... 15.0% 15.0% 17.5% Commercial loans ...................................... 45.3% 45.8% 40.6% Consumer loans ........................................ 12.7% 13.1% 12.7% Other assets .......................................... 6.7% 6.9% 6.9% ----- ----- ----- 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ===== ===== ===== </TABLE> The mix of assets has remained relatively stable with the largest change of 1.1 percent increase in cash, cash equivalents, investment securities, FHLB and FRB stock. LIABILITIES The following table summarizes the liability balances as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the amount of change, and percentage change during 2008: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, ----------------------- LIABILITIES ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2008 2007 $ change % change - -------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Non-interest bearing deposits $ 747,439 $ 788,087 $ (40,648) -5% Interest-bearing deposits 2,515,036 2,396,391 118,645 5% Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank 338,456 538,949 (200,493) -37% Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowed funds 1,110,731 401,621 709,110 177% Other liabilities 44,331 45,147 (816) -2% Subordinated debentures 121,037 118,559 2,478 2% ---------- ---------- --------- --- Total liabilities $4,877,030 $4,288,754 $ 588,276 14% ========== ========== ========= === </TABLE> As of December 31, 2008, non-interest bearing deposits decreased $41 million, or 5 percent, from December 31, 2007. Interest bearing deposits increased $119 million, or 5 percent for the year. FHLB advances at December 31, 2008 decreased $200 million, or 37 percent, from December 31, 2007. Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds were $1.1 billion at December 31, 2008, an increase of $709 million, or 177 percent, from December 31, 2007. Included in this latter category are U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan funds of $6 million at December 31, 2008, a decrease of $215 million from December 31, 2007. Also, included in this category are FRB discount window borrowings of $914 million at December 31, 2008. There were no FRB discount window borrowings at December 31, 2007. 35
The following table summarizes the major liability and equity components as a percentage of total liabilities and equity as of December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, --------------------- LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: 2008 2007 2006 - ------------------------------------- ----- ----- ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> Deposit accounts ............................ 58.7% 66.1% 71.7% FHLB advances ............................... 6.1% 11.2% 6.9% FRB discount window ......................... 16.5% 0.0% 0.0% U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan funds ............ 0.1% 4.6% 3.7% Other borrowings and repurchase agreements .. 3.4% 3.7% 3.9% Subordinated debentures ..................... 2.2% 2.5% 2.6% Other liabilities ........................... 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% Stockholders' equity ........................ 12.2% 11.0% 10.3% ----- ----- ----- 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ===== ===== ===== </TABLE> The deposits have decreased from 66.1 percent at December 31, 2007 to 58.7 percent at December 31, 2008. Although the Banks remain focused on growing and retaining deposits, the increased need for funding asset growth was met with alternative low cost borrowings. This resulted in the change in the percentage relationships among the funding sources since prior year. Stockholders' equity as a percentage of total liabilities and stockholders' equity increased throughout the year, primarily a result of the $94 million common stock offering, the acquisition of San Juans and retention of earnings. <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY --------------------- ($ IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) 2008 2007 $ change % change - --------------------------------------- --------- --------- -------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Common equity $ 678,183 $ 525,459 $152,724 29% Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (1,243) 3,117 (4,360) -140% --------- --------- -------- Total stockholders' equity 676,940 528,576 148,364 28% Core deposit intangible, net, and goodwill (159,765) (154,264) (5,501) 4% --------- --------- -------- Tangible stockholders' equity $ 517,175 $ 374,312 $142,863 38% ========= ========= ======== Stockholders' equity to total assets 12.19% 10.97% Tangible stockholders' equity to total tangible assets 9.59% 8.03% Book value per common share $ 11.04 $ 9.85 $ 1.19 12% Tangible book value per common share $ 8.43 $ 6.98 $ 1.45 21% Market price per share at end of year $ 19.02 $ 18.74 $ 0.28 1% </TABLE> STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Total stockholders' equity and book value per share amounts have increased $148 million and $1.19 per share, respectively, from December 31, 2007, the result of earnings retention and exercised stock options, common stock issued for the acquisition of San Juans, and $94 million in net proceeds from the Company's November equity offering of 6,325,000 shares of common stock at a price of $15.50 per share. Tangible stockholders equity has increased $143 million, or 38 percent since December 31, 2007, with tangible stockholders' equity at 9.59 percent of total tangible assets at December 31, 2008, up from 8.03 percent at December 31, 2007. Accumulated other comprehensive income, representing net unrealized gains or losses (net of tax) on investment securities designated as available for sale, decreased $4 million from December 31, 2007. 36
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, REVENUE SUMMARY ----------------------------------------- ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2008 2007 $ change % change - ---------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income Interest income $302,985 $304,760 $ (1,775) -1% Interest expense 90,372 121,291 (30,919) -25% -------- -------- -------- Total net interest income 212,613 183,469 29,144 16% Non-interst income: Service charges, loan fees, and other fees 47,506 45,486 2,020 4% Gain on sale of loans 14,849 13,283 1,566 12% Loss on investments (7,345) (8) (7,337) 91713% Other income 6,024 6,057 (33) -1% -------- -------- -------- Total non-interest income 61,034 64,818 (3,784) -6% -------- -------- -------- $273,647 $248,287 $ 25,360 10% ======== ======== ======== Net interest margin (tax equivalent) 4.70% 4.50% ======== ======== </TABLE> NET INTEREST INCOME Net interest income for the current year increased $29 million, or 16 percent, over the same period in 2007. Total interest income decreased $1.8 million, or 1 percent, for the current year, while total interest expense decreased $31 million, or 25 percent, over the same period in 2007. The decrease in interest expense is primarily attributable to the rate decreases on interest bearing deposits and lower cost borrowings. The net interest margin as a percentage of earning assets, on a tax equivalent basis, was 4.70 percent, an increase of 20 basis points from the 4.50 percent for the same period in 2007. NON-INTEREST INCOME Total non-interest income decreased $4 million, or 6 percent in 2008. Excluding the current year nonrecurring items, consisting of the $7.6 million charge for other than temporary impairment on the Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae securities, the $1.7 million gain from the sale and relocation of Mountain West's branch in Ketchum, Idaho, the first quarter $248 thousand combined gain from the sale of Principal Financial Group stock and mandatory redemption of a portion of Visa, Inc. shares, and also excluding the prior year nonrecurring $1.6 million gain from the first quarter sale of Western's Lewistown, Montana branch, non-interest income for 2008 increased $3.5 million from the same period in 2007. Fee income increased $2 million, or 4 percent, over last year, driven primarily by an increased number of loan and deposit accounts, as well as additional products and service offerings. Gain on sale of loans increased $2 million, or 12 percent, from last year. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, NON-INTEREST EXPENSE SUMMARY ----------------------------------------- ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2008 2007 $ change % change - ------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Compensation and employee benefits and related expense $ 82,027 $ 79,070 $ 2,957 4% Occupancy and equipment expense 21,674 19,152 2,522 13% Advertising and promotions 6,989 6,306 683 11% Outsourced data processing 2,508 2,755 (247) -9% Core deposit intangibles amortization 3,051 3,202 (151) -5% Other expenses 29,660 27,432 2,228 8% -------- -------- ------- Total non-interest expense $145,909 $137,917 $7,992 6% ======== ======== ======= </TABLE> NON-INTEREST EXPENSE Non-interest expense increased in 2008 by $8 million, or 6 percent, compared to 2007. Included in 2007 is approximately $500,000 of non-recurring expenses and costs, including overtime, associated with the January 2007 merger of three of the five CDC subsidiaries into the Company's subsidiaries, and related operating system conversions. Compensation and employee benefit expense increased $3 million, or 4 percent, from 2007, such increase attributable to the increase in full-time equivalent employees from 1,480 to 1,571 in 2008. Occupancy and equipment expense increased $3 million, or 13 percent, while other expenses increased $2 million, or 8 percent, since December 31, 2007, reflecting the addition of San Juans in December, cost of additional locations and facility upgrades. Advertising and promotion 37
expense increased $683 thousand, or 11 percent, from 2007, due primarily to branch promotions and the banks continuing focus on attracting and retaining non-interest bearing and other low cost deposits. EFFICIENCY RATIO Excluding nonrecurring items, the efficiency ratio (non-interest expense / net interest income plus non-interest income) decreased from 56 percent to 52 percent during 2008, a four percentage point improvement. <TABLE> <CAPTION> CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION December 31, December 31, ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2008 2007 - ----------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ <S> <C> <C> Allowance for loan and lease losses $76,739 $54,413 Real estate and other assets owned 11,539 2,043 Accruing Loans 90 days or more overdue 8,613 2,685 Non-accrual loans 64,301 8,560 ------- ------- Total non-performing assets 84,453 13,288 Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of non-performing assets 91% 409% Non-performing assets as a percentage of total bank assets 1.46% 0.27% Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans 1.86% 1.51% Net charge-offs as a percentage of loans 0.213% 0.060% Accruing Loans 30-89 days or more overdue $54,787 $45,490 </TABLE> PROVISION FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES At December 31, 2008, the ALLL was $76.739 million, an increase of $22 million, or 41 percent, from a year ago. The provision for loan and lease loss expense was $28.5 million for 2008, an increase of $21.8 million, or 326 percent, from 2007. Net charged-off loans for the year were $8.779 million, compared to $2.165 million of net charged-off loans during 2007. Loan portfolio growth, composition, average loan size, credit quality considerations, and other environmental factors will determine the level of additional provision expense. Non-performing assets as a percentage of the Bank's assets at December 31, 2008 were 1.46 percent, up from .27 percent at December 31, 2007. These ratios compare favorably to the FRB peer group average of 1.97 percent at December 31, 2008 and the peer group average of .80 percent at December 31, 2007. Most of the Company's non-performing assets are secured by real estate. Based on the most current information available to management, including updated appraisals where appropriate, the Company believes the value of the underlying real estate collateral is adequate to minimize significant charge-offs or loss to the Company. For collateral dependent loans, impairment is measured by the fair value of the collateral. The allowance was 1.86 percent of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2008, up from 1.51 percent at December 31, 2007. The allowance was 91 percent of non-performing assets at December 31, 2008, down from 409 percent a year ago. For additional information regarding the loan portfolio and ALLL, see lending activity in "Item 1 - Business". 38
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007 COMPARED TO DECEMBER 31, 2006 <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, REVENUE SUMMARY ------------------------------------------ ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2007 2006 $ change % change - --------------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income Interest income $304,760 $253,326 $51,434 20% Interest expense 121,291 95,038 26,253 28% -------- -------- ------- Total net interest income 183,469 158,288 25,181 16% Fees and other revenue: Service charges, loan fees, and other fees 45,486 37,072 8,414 23% Gain on sale of loans 13,283 10,819 2,464 23% Loss on sale of investments (8) (3) (5) 167% Other income 6,057 3,954 2,103 53% -------- -------- ------- Total non-interest income 64,818 51,842 12,976 25% -------- -------- ------- $248,287 $210,130 $38,157 18% ======== ======== ======= Net interest margin (tax equivalent) 4.50% 4.44% ======== ======== </TABLE> NET INTEREST INCOME Net interest income for the year increased $25.181 million, or 16 percent, over 2006. Total interest income increased $51.434 million, or 20 percent, while total interest expense increased $26.253 million, or 28 percent. The increase in interest expense is primarily attributable to the volume and rate increases in interest bearing deposits. The net interest margin as a percentage of earning assets, on a tax equivalent basis, was 4.50 percent which is an increase of 6 basis points over the 4.44 percent for 2006. The net interest margin calculation has been revised to account for intercompany elimination entries and previously reported net interest margins have been adjusted to reflect such change. NON-INTEREST INCOME Total non-interest income increased $12.976 million, or 25 percent in 2007. Fee income increased $8.414 million, or 23 percent, over last year, driven primarily by an increased number of loan and deposit accounts, acquisitions, and additional customer products and services offered. Gain on sale of loans increased $2.464 million, or 23 percent, from last year. Loan origination volume, especially in the first half of 2007, was robust versus historical standards. Other income increased $2.103 million, or 53 percent, over the same period in 2006. Such increase includes a gain of $1.6 million from the January 19, 2007 sale of Western's Lewistown branch, a regulatory requirement imposed to complete the acquisition of CDC. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, NON-INTEREST EXPENSE SUMMARY ----------------------------------------- ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2007 2006 $ change % change - ------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Compensation and employee benefits and related expense $ 79,070 $ 65,419 $13,651 21% Occupancy and equipment expense 19,152 15,268 3,884 25% Advertising and promotions 6,306 5,468 838 15% Outsourced data processing 2,755 2,788 (33) -1% Core deposit intangibles amortization 3,202 2,024 1,178 58% Other expenses 27,432 21,583 5,849 27% -------- -------- -------- Total non-interest expense $137,917 $112,550 $25,367 23% ======== ======== ======== </TABLE> 39
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE Non-interest expense increased by $25.367 million, or 23 percent, from 2006. Compensation and benefit expense increased $13.651 million, or 21 percent, which is primarily attributable to increased staffing levels, including staffing from the acquisitions of Morgan and CDC during 2006 and North Side in 2007, de novo branches, increased compensation, including production based commissions, and benefits, including health insurance, and overtime associated with the merger and operating systems conversions in the first half of 2007. Included in 2007 are approximately $500,000 of non-recurring expenses and costs associated with the January 26, 2007 merger of three of the five CDC subsidiaries into the Company's subsidiaries. Occupancy and equipment expense increased $3.884 million, or 25 percent, reflecting the acquisitions, cost of additional locations and facility upgrades. Other expenses increased $6.687 million, or 25 percent, primarily from acquisitions, additional marketing expenses, costs associated with new branch offices and other general and administrative costs. The efficiency ratio (non-interest expense/net interest income plus non-interest income) increased to 56 percent from 54 percent during 2006. <TABLE> <CAPTION> CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION December 31, December 31, ($ IN THOUSANDS) 2007 2006 - ---------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ <S> <C> <C> Allowance for loan and lease losses $54,413 $49,259 Real estate and other assets owned 2,043 1,484 Accruing Loans 90 days or more overdue 2,685 1,345 Non-accrual loans 8,560 6,065 ------- ------- Total non-performing assets 13,288 8,894 Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of non-performing assets 409% 554% Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets 0.27% 0.19% Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans 1.51% 1.53% Net charge-offs as a percentage of loans 0.060% 0.021% </TABLE> PROVISION FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES Non-performing assets as a percentage of total bank assets at December 31, 2007 were .27 percent, up from .19 percent at December 31, 2006. These ratios compare favorably to the FRB Peer Group average of .80 percent at December 31, 2007. The ALLL was 409 percent of non-performing assets at December 31, 2007, down from 554 percent a year ago. The allowance, including $639 thousand from acquisitions, has increased $5.2 million, or 10.5 percent, from a year ago. The allowance of $54.413 million is 1.51 percent of December 31, 2007 total loans outstanding, down from 1.53 percent in the fourth quarter last year. The provision for loan loss expense was $6.680 million for 2007, an increase of $1.488 million, from 2006. Net charged off loans were $2.165 million, or .06 percent of loans, for 2007 which is higher than the $680 thousand of net charge offs, or .02 percent, in 2006. Loan growth, average loan size, and credit quality considerations will determine the level of additional provision expense. ADDITIONAL MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS EFFECT OF INFLATION AND CHANGING PRICES Generally accepted accounting principles require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without consideration for change in relative purchasing power over time due to inflation. Virtually all assets of a financial institution are monetary in nature; therefore, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a company's performance than does the effect of inflation. COMMITMENTS In the normal course of business, there are various outstanding commitments to extend credit, such as letter of credits and un-advanced loan commitments, and lease obligation commitments, which are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Management does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions. The Company has outstanding debt maturities, the largest of which are FRB discount window and FHLB advances. For the maturity schedule of advances and schedule of future minimum rental payments see Notes 8 and 19, respectively, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." 40
The following table represents the Company's contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Payments Due by Period --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indeterminate (dollars in thousands) Total Maturity (1) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Thereafter - ------------------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Deposits ..................... $3,262,475 2,322,699 790,844 84,937 39,316 12,564 9,397 2,718 FHLB advances ................ 338,456 -- 178,159 815 350 82,000 -- 77,132 FRB discount window .......... 914,000 -- 914,000 -- -- -- -- -- Repurchase agreements ........ 188,363 -- 188,363 -- -- -- -- -- Subordinated debentures ...... 121,037 -- -- -- -- -- -- 121,037 Capital lease obligations .... 3,345 -- 229 231 233 235 238 2,179 Operating lease obligations .. 17,130 -- 2,488 2,372 2,053 1,555 1,313 7,349 ---------- --------- --------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------- $4,844,806 2,322,699 2,074,083 88,355 41,952 96,354 10,948 210,415 ========== ========= ========= ====== ====== ====== ====== ======= </TABLE> (1) Represents interest and non-interest bearing checking, money market, and savings accounts MARKET RISK Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates/prices such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and equity prices. The Company's primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The ongoing monitoring and management of this risk is an important component of the Company's asset/liability management process which is governed by policies established by its Board of Directors that are reviewed and approved annually. The Board of Directors delegates responsibility for carrying out the asset/liability management policies to the Asset/Liability Committee (ALCO). In this capacity, ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting the Company's asset/liability management related activities based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels/trends. INTEREST RATE RISK The objective of interest rate risk management is to contain the risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. The process involves identification and management of the sensitivity of net interest income to changing interest rates. Managing interest rate risk is not an exact science. The interval between repricing of interest rates of assets and liabilities changes from day to day as the assets and liabilities change. For some assets and liabilities, contractual maturity and the actual cash flows experienced are not the same. A good example is residential mortgages that have long term contractual maturities but may be repaid well in advance of the maturity when current prevailing interest rates become lower than the contractual rate. Interest-bearing deposits without a stated maturity could be withdrawn after seven days. However, the Banks' experience indicates that these funding pools have a much longer duration and are not as sensitive to interest rate changes as other financial instruments. Prime based loans generally have rate changes when the FRB changes short term interest rates. However, depending on the magnitude of the rate change and the relationship of the current rates to rate floors and rate ceilings that may be in place on the loans, the loan rate may not change. GAP ANALYSIS The following table gives a description of our GAP position for various time periods. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had a negative GAP position at six months and a negative GAP position at twelve months. The cumulative GAP as a percentage of total assets for six months is a negative 14.07 percent which compares to a negative 8.67 percent at December 31, 2007 and a negative 6.11 percent at December 31, 2006. The table also shows the GAP earnings sensitivity, and earnings sensitivity ratio, along with a brief description as to how they are calculated. The methodology used to compile this GAP information is based on the Company's mix of assets and liabilities and the historical experience accumulated regarding their rate sensitivity. 41
<TABLE> <CAPTION> Projected maturity or repricing --------------------------------------------------------- 0-6 6-12 1 - 5 More than (dollars in thousands) Months Months years 5 years Total - --------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> ASSETS: Interest bearing deposits and federal funds sold ........................................ $ 10,132 -- -- -- 10,132 Investment securities .......................... 27,329 14,917 217,714 174,717 434,677 Mortgage-backed securities ..................... 164,724 99,285 172,686 57,775 494,470 FHLB stock and FRB stock ....................... -- -- 48,331 12,614 60,945 Floating rate loans ............................ 1,310,879 242,207 928,138 84,318 2,565,542 Fixed rate loans ............................... 512,140 326,834 635,389 98,311 1,572,674 ---------- ------- --------- ------- --------- TOTAL INTEREST BEARING ASSETS...................... $2,025,204 683,243 2,002,258 427,735 5,138,440 ========== ======= ========= ======= ========= LIABILITIES: Interest-bearing deposits ...................... 1,463,647 213,556 140,849 696,984 2,515,036 FHLB advances .................................. 175,928 2,271 83,124 77,133 338,456 FRB discount window ............................ 914,000 -- -- -- 914,000 Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds ............................... 194,709 23 222 1,777 196,731 Subordinated debentures ........................ -- -- -- 121,037 121,037 ---------- ------- --------- ------- --------- TOTAL INTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES................. $2,748,284 215,850 224,195 896,931 4,085,260 ========== ======= ========= ======= ========= Repricing gap ..................................... $ (723,080) 467,393 1,778,063 (469,196) 1,053,180 Cumulative repricing gap .......................... $ (723,080) (255,687) 1,522,376 1,053,180 Cumulative gap as a % of interest bearing assets .. -14.07% -4.98% 29.63% 20.50% Gap Earnings Sensitivity (1) ...................... $ (1,550) Gap Earnings Sensitivity Ratio (2) ................ -2.36% </TABLE> (1) Gap Earnings Sensitivity is the estimated effect on earnings, after taxes of 39.39 percent, of a 1 percent increase or decrease in interest rates (1 percent of ($255,687 - $100,715)) (2) Gap Earnings Sensitivity Ratio is Gap Earnings Sensitivity divided by the 2008 net earnings of $65,657. A 1 percent increase in interest rates has this estimated percentage decrease on annual net earnings. This table estimates the repricing maturities of the Company's assets and liabilities, based upon the Company's assessment of the repricing characteristics of the various instruments. Interest-bearing checking and regular savings are included in the categories that reflect the interest rate sensitivity of the individual programs and if the deposits are not clearly rate sensitive, the deposits are included in the more than 5 years category. Money market balances are included in the less than 6 months category. Mortgage-backed securities are categorized based on the anticipated principal payments. NET INTEREST INCOME SIMULATION The traditional one-dimensional view of GAP is not sufficient to show a bank's ability to withstand interest rate changes. Because of limitations in GAP modeling the ALCO of the Company uses a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income (NII) to sustained interest rate changes. While ALCO routinely monitors simulated NII sensitivity over a rolling two-year horizon, it also utilizes additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk. The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all assets and liabilities reflected on the Company's statement of financial condition. This sensitivity analysis is compared to ALCO policy limits which specify a maximum tolerance level for NII exposure over a one year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth, given a 200 basis point (bp) upward and 200bp or 100bp downward shift in interest rates. A parallel and pro rata shift in rates over a 12-month period is assumed as a benchmark. Other non-parallel rate movement scenarios are also modeled to determine the potential impact on net interest income. The following reflects the Company's NII sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 as compared to the 10 percent policy limit approved by the Company's and Banks' Board of Directors. 42
<TABLE> <CAPTION> 2008 2007 ------- ------ <S> <C> <C> +200 bp Estimated sensitivity....................... -4.6% -2.8% Estimated decrease in net interest income... $(9,950) (5,155) -100 bp and -200 bp (1) Estimated sensitivity....................... 1.1% 1.5% Estimated increase in net interest income... $ 2,381 2,770 </TABLE> (1) -100bp and -200 bp for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including: the nature and timing of interest rate levels including yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment/replacement of assets and liability cash flows, and others. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, the Company cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change. Also, as market conditions vary from those assumed in the sensitivity analysis, actual results will also differ due to prepayment/refinancing levels likely deviating from those assumed, the varying impact of interest rate change caps or floors on adjustable rate assets, the potential effect of changing debt service levels on customers with adjustable rate loans, depositor early withdrawals and product preference changes, and other internal/external variables. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis does not reflect actions that ALCO might take in responding to or anticipating changes in interest rates. LIQUIDITY RISK Liquidity risk is the possibility that the Company will not be able to fund present and future obligations. The objective of liquidity management is to maintain cash flows adequate to meet current and future needs for credit demand, deposit withdrawals, maturing liabilities and corporate operating expenses. The principal source of the Company's cash revenues are dividends received from the Company's bank subsidiaries. The payment of dividends is subject to government regulation, in that regulatory authorities may prohibit banks and bank holding companies from paying dividends which would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice. The bank subsidiaries' source of funds is generated by deposits, principal and interest payments on loans, sale of loans and securities, short and long-term borrowings, and net earnings. In addition, all of the bank subsidiaries are members of the FHLB. As of December 31, 2008, the bank subsidiaries had $774 million of available FHLB credit of which $338 million was utilized. The banking subsidiaries may also borrow funds from the FRB discount window or from the U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan program of which the banks have remaining borrowing availability of $302 million and $409 million, respectively. Management of the Company has a wide range of versatility in managing the liquidity and asset/liability mix for each bank subsidiary as well as the Company as a whole. CAPITAL RESOURCES AND ADEQUACY Maintaining capital strength has been a long term objective. Ample capital is necessary to sustain growth, provide protection against unanticipated declines in asset values, and to safeguard the funds of depositors. Capital also is a source of funds for loan demand and enables the Company to effectively manage its assets and liabilities. Shareholders' equity increased $148 million during 2008, or 28 percent, the net result of earnings of $66 million, a public offering of stock of $94 million, common stock issued for the acquisition of San Juans, stock options exercised, less cash dividend payments and a decrease of $4 million resulting from the net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities. The FRB has adopted capital adequacy guidelines pursuant to which it assesses the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company. 43
The following table illustrates the FRB capital adequacy guidelines and the Company's compliance with those guidelines as of December 31, 2008. <TABLE> <CAPTION> CONSOLIDATED Tier 1 (Core) Total Leverage (Dollars in thousands) Capital Capital Capital - --------------------------------------------- ------------- --------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Total stockholder's equity................... $ 676,940 676,940 676,940 Less: Goodwill and intangibles............... (158,946) (158,946) (158,946) Plus: Allowance for loan and lease losses.... -- 56,230 -- Accumulated other comprehensive Unrealized loss on AFS securities...... 1,244 1,244 1,244 Subordinated debentures................... 121,037 121,037 121,037 ---------- --------- ---------- Regulatory capital computed.................. $ 640,275 696,505 640,275 ========== ========= ========== Risk weighted assets......................... $4,477,928 4,477,928 ========== ========= Total adjusted average assets................ $5,170,300 ========== Capital as % of risk weighted assets......... 14.30% 15.55% 12.38% Regulatory "well capitalized" requirement.... 6.00% 10.00% 5.00% ---------- --------- ---------- Excess over "well capitalized" requirement... 8.30% 5.55% 7.38% ========== ========= ========== </TABLE> For additional information see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Dividend payments were increased by $.02 per share, or 4 percent in 2008. The payment of dividends is subject to government regulation in that regulatory authorities may prohibit banks and bank holding companies from paying dividends that would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States often requires management to use significant judgments as well as subjective and/or complex measurements in making estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company considers its accounting policy for the ALLL and determination of whether an investment security is temporarily or other-than-temporarily impaired to be its only critical accounting policies. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES ACCOUNTING POLICY AND ANALYSIS The Banks' charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as real estate owned until such time as it is sold. When such property is acquired, it is recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated cost to sell. Any write-down at the time of recording real estate owned is charged to the ALLL. Any subsequent write-downs are charged to current expense. The balance of the ALLL is an estimate of probable credit losses that have occurred in the loan and lease portfolio as of the date of the consolidated financial statements before losses have been confirmed. The balance of the ALLL is highly dependent upon management's internal risk classifications, evaluations of borrowers' current and prospective performance, appraisals and other variables affecting the quality of the loan and lease portfolio. Changes in management's estimates and assumptions are reasonably possible and may have a material impact upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity. It is the Company's policy to provide an ALLL for estimated losses on loans and leases based upon past loss experience, adjusted for changes in trends and conditions of certain items, including: - Adverse situations that may affect specific borrowers' ability to repay; - Current collateral values, where appropriate; - Delinquencies and non-performing loans; 44
- Amount and timing of future cash flows expected on impaired loans; - Criticized and classified loans; - Credit concentrations by credit type, industry, geography; - Recoveries and dispositions of balances previously charge-off; - Volume and terms of loans; - Loan size and complexity; - Competition and bank size; - Local market areas and national economic conditions; - Effects of changes in lending policies and procedures; - Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and credit administration staff; and - Effects of legal and regulatory developments. Individually significant loans and major lending areas are reviewed periodically to determine potential problems at an early date. The ALLL is increased by charges to earnings and decreased by charge-offs (net of recoveries). For additional information regarding the ALLL, its relation to the provision for loan and lease losses and risk related to asset quality, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." OTHER-THAN-TEMPORARY LOSS ON SECURITIES ACCOUNTING POLICY AND ANALYSIS The Company views the determination of whether an investment security is temporarily or other-than-temporarily impaired as a critical accounting policy, as the estimate is susceptible to significant change from period to period because it requires management to make significant judgments, assumptions and estimates in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. The Company assesses individual securities in its investment securities portfolio for impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant. An investment is impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its carrying value at the financial statement date. If impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment loss is recognized by reducing the amortized cost basis to fair value and as a charge to earnings. Management considers whether an investment security is other-than-temporarily impaired under the guidance promulgated in FSP SFAS 115 and SFAS 124-1, "The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments" and the guidance from the Securities and Exchange Commission found in Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5M. In evaluating impaired securities for other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers, among other things, (i) the severity and duration of the impairment, (ii) the credit ratings of the security, (iii) the overall deal structure, including the Company's position within the structure, the overall and near term financial performance of the issuer and underlying collateral, delinquencies, defaults, loss severities, recoveries, prepayments, cumulative loss projections, discounted cash flows and fair value estimates. The Company also considers its intent and ability to retain the investment security for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery in fair value. In so doing, the Company considers (i) contractual constraints, liquidity and capital needs of the Company, and (ii) management's approach to managing the investment portfolio including intent, if any, to dispose of impaired investment securities in periods subsequent to the impairment analysis date. The Company believes that macroeconomic conditions occurring in 2008 have unfavorably impacted the fair value of certain debt securities in its investment portfolio. For securities with limited or inactive markets, the impact of these macroeconomic conditions upon fair value estimates includes higher risk-adjusted discount rates and downgrades in credit ratings provided by nationally recognized credit rating agencies, (e.g., Moody's, S&P, and Fitch). Equity securities owned at year end 2008 consisted of stock issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank, such shares measured at cost for fair value purposes in recognition of the transferability restrictions imposed by the issuers. In 45
addition, the Company owns 150,000 shares of Series O preferred stock issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and 1,200 shares of common stock issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae). The Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae stock had a cost basis of $0 at year end due to the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment charge against earnings at September 30, 2008 for the entire amount of the Company's investment therein. Hence, none of the equity securities were impaired at year end 2008. As of December 31, 2008, the Company's investment portfolio had 268 debt securities, the fair values of which had declined below amortized cost by $16.271 million, or 6%, of the value of temporarily impaired investment securities. The Company stratified the 268 debt securities for both severity and duration of impairment. With respect to severity, 83 debt securities had impairment that exceeded 5 percent of the respective book values, of which 13 had impairment that exceeded 15 percent of the respective book values at year end 2008. 3 of the 83 debt securities had impairment that exceeded 30 percent of the respective book values at year end 2008, the aggregate unrealized loss of which was $1,665,000. The remaining 193 debt securities had impairment that was 5 percent or less of the respective book values as of year end 2008. With respect to duration of the impairment, the Company identified 14 debt securities which have been continuously impaired during 2008. The valuation history of such securities in the prior year(s) was also reviewed to determine the number of months in prior year(s) in which the identified securities were in an unrealized loss position. The most notable of these 14 securities is a non-guaranteed, non-Agency CMO which had an unrealized loss of $505,000. 12 of the 14 securities are mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government sponsored agencies, i.e., GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC and SBA, the aggregate unrealized loss of which was $186,000. Among the 268 debt securities with impairment at year end 2008 are 18 non-guaranteed, non-Agency issued CMO tranches, each of which have been continuously rated AAA since inception. 11 of the 18 CMOs tranches are collateralized by 30 year fixed residential mortgages considered to be "Prime," and 7 are collateralized by 30 year fixed residential mortgages considered to be "ALT - A." Moreover, none of the underlying mortgage collateral is considered "subprime." In assessing the various factors identified above, the Company evaluated the fair value estimates provided by third party vendors, including models and methodology, for appropriate consideration of both observable and unobservable inputs, including appropriately adjusted discount rates and credit spreads for securities with limited or inactive markets. The Company obtained independent estimates of inputs, including cash flows, in supplement to third party vendor provided information. The Company also reviewed financial statements of issuers, with follow up discussions with issuers' management for clarification and verification of information relevant to the Company's impairment analysis. With respect to the Company's intent and ability to hold the securities impaired at December 31, 2008, the Company had no present intent to sell any of such securities. During 2008, the Company also continued its historical approach to managing the investment portfolio, i.e., to "buy and hold" securities to maturity, although such securities may be sold given that all of the securities held in the investment portfolio are designated as "available for sale." In 2008, the Company sold only 1 security at neither gain nor loss for proceeds of $97,002,000. Such security was acquired and held for 7 days as collateral to support a borrowing at the U.S Treasury Tax and Loan program. Sales of securities in 2007 occurred with respect to entire investment portfolios of acquired banks following mergers into the Company's existing bank subsidiaries. Such sales occurred in recognition that the acquired portfolios of investments were not consistent with the Company's Investment Policy and Asset Liability Management Policy. During 2006, the only investment security sold was a bond issued by General Motors, the risk profile of which was not consistent with the Company's revised Investment Policy. Based on the analysis of its impaired debt securities, the Company determined it was probable the Company will fully recover the amortized cost of the securities, and that none of such securities had other-than-temporary impairment. 46
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FAS 157 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities On a recurring basis, the Company measures investment securities in accordance with SFAS 157. The fair value of such investments is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. For those securities where greater reliance on unobservable inputs occurs, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy. In performing due diligence reviews of the independent asset pricing services and models for investment securities, the Company reviewed the vendors' inputs for fair value estimates and the recommended assignments of levels within the fair value hierarchy. The Company's review included the extent to which markets for investment securities were determined to have limited or no activity, or was judged to be an active market. The Company reviewed the extent to which observable and unobservable inputs were used as well as the appropriateness of the underlying assumptions about risk that a market participant would use in active markets, with adjustments for limited or inactive markets. In considering the inputs to the fair value estimates, the Company placed less reliance on quotes that were judged to not reflect market transactions, or were non-binding indications. The Company made independent inquires of other knowledgeable parties in testing the reliability of the inputs, including consideration for illiquidity, credit risk, and cash flow estimates. In assessing credit risk, the Company reviewed payment performance, collateral adequacy, credit rating histories, and issuers' financial statements with follow-up discussion with issuers. For those markets determined to be inactive, the valuation techniques used were models for which management verified that discount rates were appropriately adjusted to reflect illiquidity and credit risk. The Company independently obtained cash flow estimates that were stressed at levels that exceeded those used by independent third party pricing vendors. Based on the Company's due diligence review, investment securities are placed in the appropriate hierarchy levels with adjustment to vendors' recommendations made as necessary. Most notably, the Company determined that its collateralized debt obligation securities, i.e., trust preferred securities, were illiquid due to inactive markets (i.e., due to the absence of trade volume during 2008), the fair values of which had significant reliance on unobservable inputs, and therefore were classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy. On a non-recurring basis, the Company measures impaired loans in accordance with SFAS 157. Allowable methods for estimating fair value of impaired loans include using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans or, where a loan is determined not to be collateral dependent, using the discounted cash flow method. Impaired loans are primarily collateral-dependent and the estimated fair value is based on the appraised fair value of the collateral. The Company reviews the appraisals, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraised values are reduced by discounts to consider lack of marketability and estimated cost to sell. Impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. In addition to measuring certain financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or non-recurring basis, the Company discloses estimated fair value on financial assets and liabilities. The following is a description of the methods and inputs used to estimate the fair value of other financial instruments recognized at amounts other than fair value. The fair value for unimpaired loans, net of ALLL, is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates at which similar notes would be originated for the same remaining maturities. The market rates used are based on current rates the bank subsidiaries would impose for similar loans and reflect a market participant assumption about risks associated with non-performance, illiquidity, and the structure and term of the loans along with local economic and market conditions. 47
The fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The market rates used were obtained from a knowledgeable independent third party and reviewed by the Company. The rates were the average of current rates offered by local competitors of the bank subsidiaries. The estimated fair value of demand, NOW, savings, and money market deposits is the book value since rates are regularly adjusted to market rates. The fair value of the non-callable FHLB advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar advances with similar maturities. These rates were obtained from current rates offered by FHLB. Estimated fair value of callable FHLB advances was obtained from FHLB and the model was reviewed by the Company through discussions with FHLB. The fair value of term repurchase agreements is estimated based on current repurchase rates currently available to the Company for repurchases agreements with similar terms and maturities. The market rates used are based on current rates the bank subsidiaries would incur for similar borrowings. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value. The fair value of the subordinated debentures is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates for subordinated debt issuances with similar characteristics. The market rates used were obtained from an independent third party and include inputs such as implied yield curves and interest rate spreads. The Company evaluated the independent fair value estimate by comparison to the Company's internal calculation. For additional information on fair value measurements see Note 18 and 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Recent accounting standards that have either been issued during 2008 or are effective during 2008 or 2009 and may possibly have a material impact on the Company include FASB SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations, SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, Emerging Issue Task Force ("EITF") 06-4 Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements, and FASB Staff Position ("FSP") EITF 99-20-1, Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20, FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities, FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active, FSP FAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets, FSP FAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, FSP FAS 157-1, Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13. For additional information on the standards and the impact on the Company see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Information regarding "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" is set fourth under "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis". ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 48
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Audit Committee, Board of Directors and Stockholders Glacier Bancorp, Inc. Kalispell, Montana We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Glacier Bancorp, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008. The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. Our audits included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Glacier Bancorp, Inc. as December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the Unites States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Glacier Bancorp, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 2, 2009, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. /s/ BKD, LLP Denver, Colorado March 2, 2009 49
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Audit Committee, Board of Directors and Stockholders Glacier Bancorp, Inc. Kalispell, Montana We have audited Glacier Bancorp, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of reliable financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention, or timely detection and correction of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 50
In our opinion, Glacier Bancorp, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements of Glacier Bancorp, Inc. and our report dated March 2, 2009, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ BKD, LLP Denver, Colorado March 2, 2009 51
GLACIER BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, ------------------------ (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2008 2007 - ------------------------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> ASSETS: Cash on hand and in banks ......................... $ 125,123 145,697 Federal funds sold ................................ 6,480 135 Interest bearing cash deposits .................... 3,652 81,777 ----------- ---------- Cash and cash equivalents ...................... 135,255 227,609 Investment securities, available-for-sale ......... 990,092 700,324 Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan and lease losses of $76,739 and $54,413 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively ....... 3,998,478 3,516,999 Loans held for sale ............................... 54,976 40,123 Premises and equipment, net ....................... 133,949 123,749 Real estate and other assets owned, net ........... 11,539 2,043 Accrued interest receivable ....................... 28,777 26,168 Deferred tax asset ................................ 14,292 -- Core deposit intangible, net of accumulated amortization of $14,794 and $11,743 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively ....... 13,013 13,963 Goodwill .......................................... 146,752 140,301 Other assets ...................................... 26,847 26,051 ----------- ---------- Total assets ................................... $ 5,553,970 4,817,330 =========== ========== LIABILITIES: Non-interest bearing deposits ..................... $ 747,439 788,087 Interest bearing deposits ......................... 2,515,036 2,396,391 Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank .............. 338,456 538,949 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase .... 188,363 178,041 Federal Reserve Bank discount window .............. 914,000 -- U.S. Treasury Tax & Loan .......................... 6,067 221,409 Other borrowed funds .............................. 2,301 2,171 Accrued interest payable .......................... 9,751 13,281 Deferred tax liability ............................ -- 481 Subordinated debentures ........................... 121,037 118,559 Other liabilities ................................. 34,580 31,385 ----------- ---------- Total liabilities .............................. 4,877,030 4,288,754 STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: Preferred shares, $.01 par value per share. 1,000,000 shares authorized none issued or outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007 ..................... -- -- Common stock, $.01 par value per share. 117,187,500 and 117,187,500 shares authorized, 61,331,273 and 53,646,480 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively .... 613 536 Paid-in capital ................................... 491,794 374,728 Retained earnings - substantially restricted ...... 185,776 150,195 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ..... (1,243) 3,117 ----------- ---------- Total stockholders' equity ..................... 676,940 528,576 ----------- ---------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ..... $ 5,553,970 4,817,330 =========== ========== </TABLE> See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 52
GLACIER BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, ----------------------------- (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2008 2007 2006 - --------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> INTEREST INCOME: Real estate loans .................................... $ 51,166 59,664 52,219 Commercial loans ..................................... 165,119 157,644 119,215 Consumer and other loans ............................. 47,725 48,105 40,284 Investment securities and other ...................... 38,975 39,347 41,608 --------- ------- ------- Total interest income ............................. 302,985 304,760 253,326 --------- ------- ------- INTEREST EXPENSE: Deposits ............................................. 55,012 81,459 58,147 Federal Home Loan Bank advances ...................... 15,355 18,897 20,460 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ....... 3,823 7,445 6,618 Subordinated debentures .............................. 7,430 7,537 6,050 Other borrowed funds ................................. 8,752 5,953 3,763 --------- ------- ------- Total interest expense ............................ 90,372 121,291 95,038 --------- ------- ------- NET INTEREST INCOME ............................... 212,613 183,469 158,288 Provision for loan losses ............................ 28,480 6,680 5,192 --------- ------- ------- Net interest income after provision for loan losses ................................ 184,133 176,789 153,096 NON-INTEREST INCOME: Service charges and other fees ....................... 41,550 37,931 29,701 Miscellaneous loan fees and charges .................. 5,956 7,555 7,371 Gain on sale of loans ................................ 14,849 13,283 10,819 Loss on investments .................................. (7,345) (8) (3) Other income ......................................... 6,024 6,057 3,954 --------- ------- ------- Total non-interest income ......................... 61,034 64,818 51,842 --------- ------- ------- NON-INTEREST EXPENSE: Compensation, employee benefits and related expense... 82,027 79,070 65,419 Occupancy and equipment expense ...................... 21,674 19,152 15,268 Advertising and promotions ........................... 6,989 6,306 5,468 Outsourced data processing expense ................... 2,508 2,755 2,788 Core deposit intangibles amortization ................ 3,051 3,202 2,024 Other expense ........................................ 29,660 27,432 21,583 --------- ------- ------- Total non-interest expense ........................ 145,909 137,917 112,550 --------- ------- ------- EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES ............................ 99,258 103,690 92,388 Federal and state income tax expense ................. 33,601 35,087 31,257 --------- ------- ------- NET EARNINGS ............................................ $ 65,657 68,603 61,131 ========= ======= ======= BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE ............................. $ 1.20 1.29 1.23 DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE ........................... $ 1.19 1.28 1.21 </TABLE> See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 53
GLACIER BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008, 2007, AND 2006 <TABLE> <CAPTION> Retained Accumulated Total Common Stock earnings other comp- stock- ----------------------- Paid-in substantially rehensive holders' (dollars in thousands, except per share data) Shares Amount capital restricted income (loss) equity - ----------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------------- ------------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Balance at December 31, 2005 .................. 48,258,821 $ 483 262,222 69,713 821 333,239 Comprehensive income: Net earnings ............................... -- -- -- 61,131 -- 61,131 Unrealized gain on securities, net of reclassification adjustment and taxes ... -- -- -- -- 2,248 2,248 ------- Total comprehensive income .................... -- -- -- -- -- 63,379 ------- Cash dividends declared ($.45 per share) ...... -- -- -- (22,558) -- (22,558) Stock options exercised ....................... 639,563 6 6,700 -- -- 6,706 Stock issued in connection with acquisitions .. 1,904,436 19 41,431 -- -- 41,450 Public offering of stock issued ............... 1,500,000 15 29,418 29,433 Acquisition of fractional shares .............. -- -- (5) -- -- (5) Tax benefit from stock related compensation ... -- -- 4,499 -- -- 4,499 ---------- ---------- ------- ------- ------ ------- Balance at December 31, 2006 .................. 52,302,820 $ 523 344,265 108,286 3,069 456,143 Comprehensive income: Net earnings ............................... -- -- -- 68,603 -- 68,603 Unrealized gain on securities, net of reclassification adjustment and taxes ... -- -- -- -- 48 48 ------- Total comprehensive income .................... -- -- -- -- -- 68,651 ------- Cash dividends declared ($.50 per share) ...... -- -- -- (26,694) -- (26,694) Stock options exercised ....................... 550,080 6 6,148 -- -- 6,154 Stock issued in connection with acquisitions .. 793,580 7 18,993 -- -- 19,000 Stock-based compensation and tax benefit ...... -- -- 5,322 -- -- 5,322 ---------- ---------- ------- ------- ------ ------- Balance at December 31, 2007 .................. 53,646,480 $ 536 374,728 150,195 3,117 528,576 Comprehensive income: Net earnings ............................... -- -- -- 65,657 -- 65,657 Unrealized loss on securities, net of reclassification adjustment and taxes ... -- -- -- -- (4,360) (4,360) ------- Total comprehensive income .................... -- -- -- -- -- 61,297 ------- Cash dividends declared ($.52 per share) ...... -- -- -- (29,079) -- (29,079) Stock options exercised ....................... 719,858 7 9,789 -- -- 9,796 Stock issued in connection with acquisition ... 639,935 7 9,280 -- -- 9,287 Public offering of stock issued ............... 6,325,000 63 93,890 -- -- 93,953 Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle .................................. -- -- -- (997) -- (997) Stock-based compensation and tax benefit ...... -- -- 4,107 -- -- 4,107 ---------- ---------- ------- ------- ------ ------- Balance at December 31, 2008 .................. 61,331,273 $ 613 491,794 185,776 (1,243) 676,940 ========== ========== ======= ======= ====== ======= </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> Year ended December 31, ------------------------ 2008 2007 2006 -------- ---- ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> Disclosure of reclassification amount: Unrealized and realized holding (loss) gain arising during the year ................................... $(14,540) 70 3,706 Tax benefit (expense) ................................ 5,699 (27) (1,460) -------- --- ------ Net after tax ..................................... (8,841) 43 2,246 -------- --- ------ Reclassification adjustment for net loss included in net income ........................................ 7,345 8 3 Tax benefit ....................................... (2,864) (3) (1) -------- --- ------ Net after tax .................................. 4,481 5 2 -------- --- ------ Net change in unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities ............ $ (4,360) 48 2,248 ======== === ====== </TABLE> See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 54
GLACIER BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, ------------------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net earnings .......................................................... $ 65,657 68,603 61,131 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Mortgage loans held for sale originated or acquired ................ (675,280) (618,523) (484,170) Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale ................ 675,276 626,818 482,394 Provision for loan losses .......................................... 28,480 6,680 5,192 Depreciation of premises and equipment ............................. 9,814 8,508 6,746 Amortization of core deposit intangible ............................ 3,051 3,202 2,024 Loss on sale of investments ........................................ 7,345 8 3 Gain on sale of loans .............................................. (14,849) (13,283) (10,819) Amortization of investment securities premiums and discounts, net .. 1,400 2,737 4,853 Gain on sale of Western's Lewistown branch ......................... -- (1,575) -- Deferred (benefit) tax expense ..................................... (11,032) 1,569 (931) Stock compensation expense, net of tax benefits .................... 1,686 2,187 2,149 Excess tax benefits related to the exercise of stock options ....... (1,325) (1,745) (1,217) Net (increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable ............. (2,135) 44 (1,611) Net (decrease) increase in accrued interest payable ................ (3,656) 2,162 2,398 Net increase in current income taxes payable ....................... 2,636 970 1,791 Net increase in other assets ....................................... (519) (1,890) (1,439) Net increase (decrease) in other liabilities ....................... 517 1,988 (772) ----------- ---------- ---------- NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES ....................... 87,066 88,460 67,722 ----------- ---------- ---------- INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from sales, maturities and prepayments of investment securities available-for-sale ...................................... 280,051 273,323 223,064 Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale ................. (584,058) (88,715) (59,007) Principal collected on installment and commercial loans ............... 1,092,763 1,125,275 1,050,666 Installment and commercial loans originated or acquired ............... (1,420,609) (1,598,253) (1,348,217) Principal collections on mortgage loans ............................... 308,625 455,713 438,319 Mortgage loans originated or acquired ................................. (360,860) (359,484) (556,954) Net purchase of FHLB and FRB stock .................................... (640) (3,854) (455) Net cash (paid) received for acquisition of banks ..................... (7,133) 8,953 43,086 Net cash paid for sale of Western's Lewistown branch .................. -- (6,846) -- Net addition of premises and equipment ................................ (15,148) (18,033) (22,241) ----------- ---------- ---------- NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES ........................... (707,009) (211,921) (231,739) ----------- ---------- ---------- FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Net (decrease) increase in deposits ................................... (40,936) (97,214) 243,088 Net (decrease) increase in FHLB advances .............................. (209,829) 231,427 (96,219) Net increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements ........... 10,322 7,825 31,424 Net increase in Federal Reserve Bank discount window .................. 914,000 -- -- Net (derease) increase in U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan funds ............ (215,342) 54,865 (19,838) Net (decrease) increase in other borrowed funds ....................... (6,621) (55) 913 Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debentures ..................... -- -- 65,000 Repayment of subordinated debentures .................................. -- -- (35,000) Cash dividends paid ................................................... (29,079) (26,694) (22,558) Excess tax benefits related to the exercise of stock options .......... 1,325 1,745 1,217 Proceeds from exercise of stock options and other stock issued ........ 103,749 6,154 36,403 Cash paid for stock dividends ......................................... -- -- (5) ----------- ---------- ---------- NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES ....................... 527,589 178,053 204,425 ----------- ---------- ---------- NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS .................. (92,354) 54,592 40,408 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR ........................ 227,609 173,017 132,609 ----------- ---------- ---------- CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR .............................. $ 135,255 227,609 173,017 =========== ========== ========== SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid during the year for interest ................................ $ 94,028 118,840 90,230 Cash paid during the year for income taxes ............................ $ 43,114 34,798 31,031 </TABLE> The following schedule summarizes the acquisition of Bank Holding Co. and subsidiaries in 2008, 2007 and 2006 <TABLE> <CAPTION> BANK OF THE NORTH SIDE CITIZENS DEVELOP. FIRST NATIONAL SAN JUANS STATE BANK COMPANY BANK OF MORGAN ------------ -------------- ----------------- -------------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Acquired Dec. 1, 2008 April 30, 2007 Oct. 1, 2006 Sept. 1, 2006 Fair Value of assets acquired $157,648 $128,252 457,027 88,595 Cash paid for the capital stock 7,133 8,953 47,176 10,109 Capital stock issued 9,287 19,000 31,451 9,999 Liabilities assumed 139,016 100,348 379,831 68,486 </TABLE> See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 55
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (A) GENERAL Glacier Bancorp, Inc. ("Company") is a Montana corporation incorporated in 2004 as a successor corporation to the Delaware corporation incorporated in 1990. The Company is a regional multi-bank holding company that provides a full range of banking services to individual and corporate customers in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and Washington through its bank subsidiaries. The bank subsidiaries are subject to competition from other financial service providers. The bank subsidiaries are also subject to the regulations of certain government agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses ("ALLL" or "allowance") and the valuations related to investments, business combinations and real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans. In connection with the determination of the ALLL and other valuation estimates management obtains independent appraisals for significant items. (B) PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its eleven wholly-owned operating subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008; Glacier Bank ("Glacier"), First Security Bank of Missoula ("First Security"), Western Security Bank ("Western"), Big Sky Western Bank ("Big Sky"), Valley Bank of Helena ("Valley"), and First Bank of Montana ("First Bank-MT"), all located in Montana, Mountain West Bank ("Mountain West") and Citizens Community Bank ("Citizens") located in Idaho, 1st Bank ("1st Bank") located in Wyoming, Bank of the San Juans ("San Juans") located in Colorado, and First National Bank of Morgan ("Morgan") located in Utah. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Company owns five trust subsidiaries, Glacier Capital Trust II ("Glacier Trust II"), Glacier Capital Trust III ("Glacier Trust III"), Glacier Capital Trust IV ("Glacier Trust IV"), Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I and ("Citizens Trust I") and Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I ("San Juans Trust I") for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities and, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation 46(R), the trust subsidiaries are not consolidated into the Company's financial statements. The Company does not have any other off-balance sheet entities. On December 1, 2008, Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation and its subsidiary, San Juans, was acquired by the Company. On April 30, 2008, Glacier Bank of Whitefish ("Whitefish") merged into Glacier with operations conducted under the Glacier charter. Prior period activity of Whitefish was combined and included in Glacier's historical results. The merger was accounted for as a combination of two wholly-owned subsidiaries without purchase accounting. On April 30, 2007, North Side State Bank ("North Side") in Rock Springs, Wyoming was acquired and became a branch of 1st Bank. On October 1, 2006, Citizens Development Company ("CDC") and its five banking subsidiaries located across Montana were acquired. The CDC subsidiaries included Citizens State Bank, First Citizens Bank of Billings, First National Bank of Lewistown, Western Bank of Chinook, and First Citizens Bank, N.A. On January 26, 2007, Citizens State Bank, First Citizens Bank of Billings, and First Citizens Bank, N.A. were merged into First Security, Western, and Glacier, respectively, without name change for First Security, Western, and Glacier. On June 22, 2007, Western Bank of Chinook was merged into First National Bank of Lewistown and renamed First Bank of Montana. The CDC mergers were accounted for as combinations of wholly-owned subsidiaries without purchase accounting and prior period activity included in the remaining subsidiaries. (C) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held as demand deposits at various banks and regulatory agencies, interest bearing deposits and federal funds sold with original maturities of three months or less. 56
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES . . . CONTINUED (D) INVESTMENT SECURITIES Debt securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are stated at amortized cost. Debt and equity securities held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses included in income. Debt and equity securities not classified as held-to-maturity or trading are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, shown as a separate component of stockholders' equity. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company only holds available-for-sale securities. For additional information relating to investment securities, see Note 3. Premiums and discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted into income using a method that approximates the level-yield interest method. The cost of any investment, if sold, is determined by specific identification. Declines in the fair value of securities below carrying value that are other than temporary are charged to expense as realized losses and the related carrying value is reduced to fair value. The Company holds stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"). FHLB stock and FRB stock is restricted because such stock may only be sold to the FHLB or FRB at its par value. Due to restrictive terms, and the lack of a readily determinable market value, FHLB and FRB stocks are carried at cost. (E) LOANS RECEIVABLE Loans that are intended to be held to maturity are reported at their unpaid principal balance less charge-offs, specific valuation accounts, and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Purchased loans are reported net of unamortized premiums or discounts. Interest income is reported on the interest method and includes discounts and premiums on purchased loans and net loan fees on originated loans which are amortized over the expected life of loans using methods that approximate the effective interest method. For additional information relating to loans, see Note 4. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is discontinued either when reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of interest or principal or when a loan becomes contractually past due by ninety days or more with respect to interest or principal unless such past due loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. (F) LOANS HELD FOR SALE Mortgage and commercial loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated market value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses are recognized by charges to income. A sale is recognized when the Company surrenders control of the loan and consideration, other than beneficial interests in the loan, is received in exchange. A gain is recognized to the extent the selling price exceeds the carrying value. (G) ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES Based upon management's analysis of the Company's loan and lease portfolio, the balance of the ALLL is an estimate of probable credit losses known and inherent in the loan and lease portfolio as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. The ALLL is increased by provisions for credit losses which are charged to expense. The portions of loan balances determined by management to be uncollectible are charged off in reduction of the allowance. Recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited as an increase to the allowance. The allowance for estimated losses on loans and leases is determined by each bank subsidiary based upon past loss experience, adjusted for changes in trends and conditions of certain items, including: - Adverse situations that may affect specific borrowers' ability to repay; - Current collateral values, where appropriate; - Delinquencies and non-performing loans; 57
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES . . . CONTINUED - Amount and timing of future cash flows expected on impaired loans; - Criticized and classified loans; - Credit concentrations by credit type, industry, geography; - Recoveries and dispositions of balances previously charge-off; - Volume and terms of loans; - Loan size and complexity; - Competition and bank size; - Local market areas and national economic conditions; - Effects of changes in lending policies and procedures; - Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and credit administration staff; and - Effects of legal and regulatory developments. Individually significant loans and major lending areas are reviewed periodically to determine potential problems at an early date. A loan is considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The amount of the impairment is measured using cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when it is determined that repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. For collateral dependent loans, impairment is measured by the fair value of the collateral less the cost to sell. The Company considers its investment in one-to-four family residential loans, consumer and home equity loans to be homogeneous and therefore evaluates such loans for impairment on a pooled basis. (H) TEMPORARY VERSUS OTHER-THAN-TEMPORARY IMPAIRMENT The Company views the determination of whether an investment security is temporarily or other-than-temporarily impaired as a critical accounting policy, as the estimate is susceptible to significant change from period to period because it requires management to make significant judgments, assumptions and estimates in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. The Company assesses individual securities in its investment securities portfolio for impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant. An investment is impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its carrying value at the financial statement date. If impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment loss is recognized by reducing the amortized cost basis to fair value and as a charge to earnings. Management considers whether an investment security is other-than-temporarily impaired under the guidance promulgated in FSP SFAS 115 and SFAS 124-1, "The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments" and the guidance from the Securities and Exchange Commission found in Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5M. In evaluating impaired securities for other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers, among other things, (i) the severity and duration of the impairment, (ii) the credit ratings of the security, (iii) the overall deal structure, including the Company's position within the structure, the overall and near term financial performance of the issuer and underlying collateral, delinquencies, defaults, loss severities, recoveries, prepayments, cumulative loss projections, discounted cash flows and fair value estimates. The Company also considers its intent and ability to retain the investment security for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery in fair value. In so doing, the Company considers (i) contractual constraints, liquidity and capital needs of the Company, and (ii) management's approach to managing the investment portfolio including intent, if any, to dispose of impaired investment securities in periods subsequent to the impairment analysis date. 58
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES . . . CONTINUED (I) PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT Premises and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives or the term of the related lease. The estimated useful life for office buildings is 15 - 40 years and the estimated useful life for furniture, fixtures, and equipment is 3 - - 10 years. Interest is capitalized for any significant building projects. For additional information relating to premises and equipment, see Note 5. (J) REAL ESTATE OWNED Property acquired by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure is carried at the lower of fair value at acquisition date or current estimated fair value, less selling costs. Costs, excluding interest, relating to the improvement of property are capitalized, whereas those relating to holding the property are charged to expense. Fair value is determined as the amount that could be reasonably expected in a current sale (other than a forced or liquidation sale) between a willing buyer and a willing seller. If the fair value of the asset minus the estimated cost to sell is less than the cost of the property, a loss is recognized and the asset carrying value is reduced. (K) BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Acquisitions are accounted for using the purchase accounting method as prescribed by SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. Purchase accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets. Goodwill is recorded for the residual amount in excess of the net fair values. Adjustment of the allocated purchase price may be required for pre-acquisition contingencies of the acquired entity known or discovered during the allocation period, the period of time required to identify and measure the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combination. The allocation period is generally limited to one year following consummation of a business combination. Core deposit intangible represents the intangible value of depositor relationships resulting from deposit liabilities assumed in acquisitions and are amortized using an accelerated method based on an estimated runoff of the related deposits, not exceeding 10 years. The useful life of the core deposit intangible is reevaluated on an annual basis, with any changes in estimated useful life accounted for prospectively over the revised remaining life. For additional information relating to core deposit intangibles, see Note 6. On an annual basis, as required by SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, the Company tests goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment at the subsidiary level annually during the third quarter. In addition, goodwill and other intangible assets of a subsidiary shall be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. For additional information relating to goodwill, see Note 6. (L) INCOME TAXES Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. For additional information relating to income taxes, see Note 12. (M) ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION Advertising and promotion costs are recognized in the period incurred. (N) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (R), Share-Based Payment, which replaces SFAS No. 123 and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25. SFAS No. 123 (R) requires that the compensation cost relating to the share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements over the requisite service period. The Statement covers a wide range of share-based compensation arrangements including stock options, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights, and employee purchase plans. The Statement requires entities to measure the cost of the employee services received in exchange for stock options based on the grant-date fair value of the award, and to recognize the cost over the period the employee is required to provide services for the award. SFAS No. 123 (R) permits entities to use any option-pricing model that meets the fair value objective in the Statement. 59
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES . . . CONTINUED The Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (R) Share-Based Payment, as of January 1, 2006 and, accordingly, has determined compensation cost based on the fair value of the stock options at the grant date. FASB also issued several Staff Positions during 2005 and 2006 and all applicable positions are being followed by the Company. The Company adopted the modified prospective transition method in reporting financial statement results in the current and for future reporting periods. Under the modified prospective method, SFAS No. 123 (R) applies to new awards and to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled after the effective date; accordingly, the prior interim and annual periods do not reflect restated amounts. Compensation cost has been measured using the fair value of an award on the grant date and is recognized over the service period, which is the vesting period. Compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of awards outstanding as of the date was based on the grant-date fair value of those awards as calculated under the original provisions of SFAS No. 123; that is, the Company is not required to re-measure the grant-date fair value estimate of the unvested portion of award granted prior to the effective date of SFAS No. 123 (R). The Company had applied APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in accounting for the stock-based compensation prior to January 1, 2006. Stock options issued under the Company's stock option plan have no intrinsic value at the grant date, and, therefore, no compensation cost was recognized in prior years. For additional information relating to stock-based compensation, see Note 15. (O) LONG-LIVED ASSETS Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is deemed impaired if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If impaired, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, no assets were considered impaired. (P) MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS The Company recognizes the rights to service mortgage loans for others, whether acquired or internally originated. Loan servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value based on comparable market quotes and are amortized as other expense in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. Loan servicing rights are evaluated quarterly for impairment by discounting the expected future cash flows, taking into consideration the estimated level of prepayments based on current industry expectations and the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans including loan type, note rate and loan term. Impairment adjustments, if any, are recorded through a valuation allowance. For additional information relating to mortgage servicing rights, see Note 6. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the carrying value of mortgage servicing rights was approximately $1,262,000 and $1,262,000, respectively. Amortization expense of $176,000, $188,000, and $193,000 was recognized in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. The servicing rights are included in other assets on the balance sheet and are amortized over the period of estimated net servicing income. There was no impairment of carrying value at December 31, 2008 or 2007. At December 31, 2008, the fair value of mortgage servicing rights was approximately $2,075,000. (Q) EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options, and are determined using the treasury stock method. Previous period amounts are restated for the effect of stock dividends and splits. For additional information relating earnings per share, see Note 14. (R) STOCK SPLIT On November 29, 2006, the Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split, payable to shareholders of record on December 11, 2006, payable December 14, 2006. On April 26, 2005 the Board of Directors declared a five-for-four stock split, payable to shareholders of record on May 10, 2005, payable May 26, 2005. All prior period amounts have been restated to reflect the stock splits. 60
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES . . . CONTINUED (S) LEASES The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties under operating and capital leases. The lease payments for operating lease agreements are recognized on a straight-line basis. The present value of the future minimum rental payments for capital leases is recognized as an asset when the lease is formed. Lease improvements incurred at the inception of the lease are recorded as an asset and depreciated over the initial term of the lease and lease improvements incurred subsequently are depreciated over the remaining term of the lease. For additional information relating to leases, see Note 19. (T) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Comprehensive income includes net income, as well as other changes in stockholders' equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. The Company's only significant element of other comprehensive income is unrealized gains and losses, net of tax expense (benefit), on available-for-sale securities. (U) RECLASSIFICATIONS Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2007 and 2006 financial statements to conform to the 2008 presentation. 2. CASH ON HAND AND IN BANKS The bank subsidiaries are required to maintain an average reserve balance with either the Federal Reserve or in the form of cash on hand. The amount of this required reserve balance at December 31, 2008 was $7,275,000. 61
3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES, AVAILABLE FOR SALE A comparison of the amortized cost and estimated fair value of the Company's investment securities designated as available-for-sale is presented below. INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2008 <TABLE> <CAPTION> Gross Unrealized Estimated Weighted Amortized ---------------- Fair (dollars in thousands) Yield Cost Gains Losses Value - ------------------------------------------------- -------- --------- ------ ------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> U.S. GOVERNMENT AND FEDERAL AGENCY: maturing within one year ...................... 1.62% $ 213 4 -- 217 GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES: maturing within one year ..................... 0.00% -- -- -- -- maturing after one year through five years ... 0.00% -- -- -- -- maturing after five years through ten years .. 4.12% 246 -- (2) 244 maturing after ten years ..................... 3.75% 68 -- -- 68 -------- ------ ------- ------- 4.04% 314 -- (2) 312 ======== ====== ======= ======= STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND OTHER ISSUES: maturing within one year ..................... 3.76% 940 6 -- 946 maturing after one year through five years ... 4.61% 4,482 104 (9) 4,577 maturing after five years through ten years .. 5.08% 20,219 1,030 (80) 21,169 maturing after ten years ..................... 5.08% 408,603 8,121 (9,733) 406,991 -------- ------ ------- ------- 5.07% 434,244 9,261 (9,822) 433,683 -------- ------ ------- ------- MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES ...................... 4.62% 495,961 4,956 (6,447) 494,470 -------- ------ ------- ------- TOTAL MARKETABLE SECURITIES ................ 4.83% 930,732 14,221 (16,271) 928,682 ======== ====== ======= ======= OTHER INVESTMENTS: FHLB and FRB stock, at cost ..................... 1.72% 60,945 -- -- 60,945 Other stock, at cost ............................ 3.10% 465 -- -- 465 -------- ------ ------- ------- TOTAL INVESTMENTS ............................ 4.64% $992,142 14,221 (16,271) 990,092 ======== ====== ======= ======= </TABLE> 62
3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES, AVAILABLE FOR SALE . . . CONTINUED INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007 <TABLE> <CAPTION> Gross Unrealized Estimated Weighted Amortized ---------------- Fair (dollars in thousands) Yield Cost Gains Losses Value - ------------------------------------------------- -------- --------- ------ ------- --------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> U.S. GOVERNMENT AND FEDERAL AGENCY: maturing within one year ..................... 3.66% $ 2,550 3 -- 2,553 GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES: maturing within one year ..................... 4.86% 947 -- (1) 946 maturing after one year through five years ... 0.00% -- -- -- -- maturing after five years through ten years .. 7.06% 280 -- (1) 279 maturing after ten years ..................... 6.47% 87 1 -- 88 -------- ------ ------ ------- 5.43% 1,314 1 (2) 1,313 ======== ====== ====== ======= STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND OTHER ISSUES: maturing within one year ..................... 4.03% 1,328 5 (1) 1,332 maturing after one year through five years ... 4.30% 3,928 45 (2) 3,971 maturing after five years through ten years .. 4.96% 16,847 932 (2) 17,777 maturing after ten years ..................... 5.09% 255,109 8,999 (319) 263,789 ======== ====== ====== ======= 5.06% 277,212 9,981 (324) 286,869 -------- ------ ------ ------- MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES ...................... 4.55% 346,085 693 (3,405) 343,373 FHLMC AND FNMA STOCK ............................ 5.74% 7,593 -- (1,804) 5,789 ======== ====== ====== ======= TOTAL MARKETABLE SECURITIES .................. 4.79% 634,754 10,678 (5,535) 639,897 -------- ------ ------ ------- OTHER INVESTMENTS: Certificates of Deposits with over 90 day maturity, at cost ........................ 5.06% 199 -- -- 199 FHLB and FRB stock, at cost ..................... 1.72% 59,815 -- -- 59,815 Other stock, at cost ............................ 3.09% 413 -- -- 413 -------- ------ ------ ------- TOTAL INVESTMENTS ............................ 4.52% $695,181 10,678 (5,535) 700,324 ======== ====== ====== ======= </TABLE> Maturities of securities do not reflect repricing opportunities present in adjustable rate securities, nor do they reflect expected shorter maturities based upon early prepayment of principal. Weighted yields on tax-exempt investment securities exclude the tax effect. The amortized cost of securities was as follows at: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2006 - ----------------------------------------------------- ------------ <S> <C> U.S. Government and Federal Agency .................. $ 10,982 Government Sponsored Enterprises .................... 9,330 State and Local Governments and Other Issues ........ 299,862 Mortgage-backed Securities .......................... 434,224 FHLMC and FNMA stock ................................ 7,593 Certificates of Deposits with over 90 day maturity .. 2,864 FHLB and FRB stock .................................. 55,717 -------- $820,572 ======== </TABLE> 63
3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES, AVAILABLE FOR SALE...CONTINUED Investments with an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2008: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total --------------------- -------------------- -------------------- Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized (dollars in thousands Value Loss Value Loss Value Loss - ----------------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Government Sponsored Enterprises .............. $ 104 1 205 1 309 2 State and Local Governments and other issues .. 142,826 9,772 1,621 50 144,447 9,822 Mortgage-backed Securities .................... 116,004 5,758 12,403 689 128,407 6,447 -------- ------ ------ --- ------- ------ Total temporarily impaired securities ......... $258,934 15,531 14,229 740 273,163 16,271 ======== ====== ====== === ======= ====== </TABLE> Investments with an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2007: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total --------------------- -------------------- -------------------- Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized (dollars in thousands) Value Loss Value Loss Value Loss - ----------------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Government Sponsored Enterprises .............. $ 739 2 -- -- 739 2 State and Local Governments and other issues .. 19,762 287 4,371 37 24,133 324 Mortgage-backed Securities .................... 34,178 388 222,449 3,017 256,627 3,405 FHLMC stock ................................... 5,696 1,804 -- -- 5,696 1,804 ------- ----- ------- ----- ------- ----- Total temporarily impaired securities ......... $60,375 2,481 226,820 3,054 287,195 5,535 ======= ===== ======= ===== ======= ===== </TABLE> As of December 31, 2008, there were 268 investments in an unrealized loss position and were considered to be temporarily impaired and therefore an impairment charge has not been recorded. State and Local Government and other issued securities have the largest unrealized loss. The fair value of these securities increased from $24,133,000 at December 31, 2007 to $144,447,000 at December 31, 2008, and the unrealized loss increased from 1.3 percent of fair value to 6.8 percent of fair value for those same years. The fair value of mortgage backed securities, which have underlying collateral consisting of U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise guaranteed mortgages, decreased from $256,627,000 at December 31, 2007 to $128,407,000 at December 31, 2008, and the unrealized loss increased from 1.3 percent of fair value to 5.0 percent of fair value for those same years. Interest income includes tax-exempt interest for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 of $13,901,000, $13,427,000, and $13,901,000, respectively. Gross proceeds from sales of investment securities for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 were approximately $97,002,000, $55,501,000 and $488,000, respectively, resulting in gross gains of approximately $0, $1,000 and $0 and gross losses of approximately $0, $9,000 and $3,000 respectively. During the first quarter of 2008, the Company realized a gain of $130,000 from extinguishment of the Company's share ownership in Principal Financial Group and a gain of $118,000 from the mandatory redemption of a portion of Visa, Inc. shares from its recent initial public offering. During the third quarter of 2008, the Company incurred a $7,593,000 other than temporary impairment ("OTTI") charge with respect to its investments in Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") preferred stock and Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") common stock. The Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac stock was written down to a $0 value, however, the shares were still owned by the Company at December 31, 2008. With the October 3, 2008 enactment of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, Section 301 provides that gain or loss arising from the future sale of the Company's Freddie Mac preferred stock shall be treated as ordinary in nature instead of capital in nature for federal income tax purposes. The cost of any investment sold is determined by specific identification. 64
3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES, AVAILABLE FOR SALE...CONTINUED At December 31, 2008, the Company had investment securities with carrying values of approximately $712,590,000 pledged as collateral for FHLB advances, FRB discount window borrowings, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan borrowings and deposits of several local government units. The investments in the FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company's borrowings from FHLB. FHLB obtains its funding primarily through issuance of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system. The U.S. Government does not guarantee these obligations, and each of the 12 FHLBs are jointly and severally liable for repayment of each other's debt. 4. LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET AND LOANS HELD FOR SALE The following is a summary of loans receivable, net and loans held for sale at: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, ---------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 - ---------------------- ---------- --------- <S> <C> <C> Residential first mortgage ...................... $ 786,869 689,238 Loans held for sale ............................. 54,976 40,123 Commercial real estate .......................... 1,935,341 1,617,076 Other commercial ................................ 645,033 636,351 Consumer ........................................ 208,166 206,724 Home equity ..................................... 507,831 432,217 ---------- --------- 4,138,216 3,621,729 Net deferred loan fees, premiums and discounts .. (8,023) (10,194) Allowance for loan and lease losses ............. (76,739) (54,413) ---------- --------- $4,053,454 3,557,122 ========== ========= </TABLE> Substantially all of the loans held for sale at December 31, 2008 and 2007 were committed to be sold. At December 31, 2008, the Company had $2,565,542,000 in variable rate loans and $1,572,674,000 in fixed rate loans. The weighted average interest rate on loans was 6.93 percent and 7.90 percent at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, loans sold and serviced for others were $181,351,000, $177,173,000, and $177,518,000, respectively. At December 31, 2008, the Company had loans of approximately $2,823,358,000 pledged as collateral for FHLB advances, FRB discount window and U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan borrowings. Substantially all of the Company's loan receivables are with customers within the Company's market areas. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its customers' ability to honor their contracts is dependent upon the economic performance in the Company's market areas. The bank subsidiaries are subject to regulatory limits for the amount of loans to any individual borrower and all bank subsidiaries are in compliance as of December 31, 2008. No borrower had outstanding loans or commitments exceeding 10 percent of the Company's consolidated stockholders' equity as of December 31, 2008. The Company has entered into transactions with its executive officers, directors, significant shareholders, and their affiliates. The aggregate amount of loans to such related parties at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was approximately $91,152,000 and $97,790,000. During 2008, new loans to such related parties were approximately $27,941,000 and repayments were approximately $34,579,000. 65
4. LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET AND LOANS HELD FOR SALE ... CONTINUED The following is a summary of activity in the ALLL: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, --------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - ---------------------- ------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Balance, beginning of period .. $54,413 49,259 38,655 Acquisitions .................. 2,625 639 6,091 Net charge offs ............... (8,779) (2,165) (679) Provision ..................... 28,480 6,680 5,192 ------- ------- ------- Balance, end of period ........ $76,739 54,413 49,259 ======= ======= ======= </TABLE> The increase in the ALLL was primarily due to the increase in non-performing assets since December 31, 2007 and a downturn in global, national and local economies. Following is the allocation of the ALLL and the percent of loans in each category at: <TABLE> <CAPTION> DECEMBER 31, 2008 December 31, 2007 --------------------- ---------------------- PERCENT OF Percent of OF LOANS IN of loans in (dollars in thousands) AMOUNT CATEGORY Amount category - ---------------------- ------- ----------- ------- ------------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Residential first mortgage and loans held for sale .. $ 7,233 20.3% $ 4,755 20.2% Commercial real estate .............................. 35,305 46.8% 23,010 44.6% Other commercial .................................... 21,590 15.6% 17,453 17.6% Consumer........................ .................... 5,636 5.0% 4,680 11.9% Home equity ......................................... 6,975 12.3% 4,515 5.7% ------- ----------- ------- ------------ $76,739 100.0% 54,413 100.0% ======= =========== ======= ============ </TABLE> The following is a summary of the non-performing loans: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, ------------------------ (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - ---------------------- ------- ------ ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> Impaired loans ................................. $79,949 12,152 6,065 Average recorded investment in impaired loans .. 40,985 7,311 5,451 Impairment allowance ........................... 7,999 2,827 -- Non-accrual loans .............................. 64,301 8,560 6,065 Accruing loans 90 days or more overdue ......... 8,613 2,685 1,345 </TABLE> As of December 31, 2008, the Company had impaired loans without a valuation allowance of $30,324,000 and impaired loans with a valuation allowance of $49,625,000. Interest income that would have been recorded on non-accrual loans if such loans had been current for the entire period would have been approximately $4,434,000, $683,000, and $462,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006. Interest income recognized on non-accruing loans for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 was not significant. The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit, and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. The 66
4. LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET AND LOANS HELD FOR SALE ... CONTINUED Company had $2,065,000 in outstanding commitments on impaired loans as of December 31, 2008, none of which required a specific valuation allowance. The Company had outstanding commitments as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, ------------------------ (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 - ---------------------- ---------- --------- <S> <C> <C> Loans and loans in process ....... $ 648,788 682,679 Unused consumer lines of credit .. 272,181 249,397 Letters of credit ................ 36,934 72,105 ---------- --------- $ 957,903 1,004,181 ========== ========= </TABLE> 5. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT, NET Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, consist of the following at: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, -------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 - ---------------------- --------- -------- <S> <C> <C> Land .......................................... $ 20,633 19,339 Office buildings and construction in progress.. 113,742 104,281 Furniture, fixtures and equipment ............. 53,593 47,806 Leasehold improvements ........................ 7,528 5,347 Accumulated depreciation ...................... (61,547) (53,024) --------- -------- $ 133,949 123,749 ========= ======== </TABLE> Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 was $9,814,000, $8,508,000, and $6,746,000, respectively. Interest expense capitalized for various construction projects for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $71,000, $264,000 and $297,000, respectively. 67
6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's core deposit intangibles and mortgage servicing rights: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Core Deposit Mortgage (dollars in thousands) Intangible Servicing Rights (1) Total - --------------------------------------- ------------ -------------------- ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2008 Gross carrying value $ 27,807 Accumulated amortization (14,794) -------- Net carrying value $ 13,013 1,262 14,275 ======== AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007 Gross carrying value $ 25,706 Accumulated amortization (11,743) -------- Net carrying value $ 13,963 1,262 15,225 ======== WEIGHTED-AVERAGE AMORTIZATION PERIOD (Period in years) 10.0 9.7 10.0 AGGREGATE AMORTIZATION EXPENSE For the year ended December 31, 2008 $ 3,051 176 3,227 For the year ended December 31, 2007 3,202 188 3,390 For the year ended December 31, 2006 2,024 193 2,217 ESTIMATED AMORTIZATION EXPENSE For the year ended December 31, 2009 $ 2,972 86 3,058 For the year ended December 31, 2010 2,603 84 2,687 For the year ended December 31, 2011 1,895 82 1,977 For the year ended December 31, 2012 1,534 79 1,613 For the year ended December 31, 2013 1,283 77 1,360 </TABLE> (1) Gross carrying value and accumulated amortization are not readily available On December 1, 2008, Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation and its subsidiary San Juans, was acquired by the Company. The purchase price included core deposit intangible of $2,101,000 and goodwill of $6,451,000. The following is a summary of activity in goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2008. <TABLE> <CAPTION> (dollars in thousands) Goodwill - ------------------------------------ -------- <S> <C> Balance as of December 31, 2007 $140,301 Acquisition of Bank of the San Juans 6,451 -------- Balance as of December 31, 2008 $146,752 ======== </TABLE> 68
7. DEPOSITS Deposits consist of the following at: <TABLE> <CAPTION> DECEMBER 31, 2008 December 31, 2007 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- WEIGHTED Weighted (dollars in thousands) AVERAGE RATE AMOUNT PERCENT Average Rate Amount Percent - ---------------------- ------------ ----------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Demand accounts ...................... 0.0% $ 747,439 22.9% 0.0% $ 788,087 24.8% ========== ===== ========== ===== NOW accounts ......................... 0.6% 515,211 15.8% 1.0% 472,936 14.9% Savings accounts ..................... 0.7% 280,895 8.6% 1.0% 265,182 8.3% Money market demand accounts ......... 2.3% 779,154 23.9% 3.6% 803,668 25.2% Certificate of deposits: 1.00% and lower ................... 5,497 0.2% 1,659 0.1% 1.01% to 2.00% .................... 94,805 2.9% 1,375 0.0% 2.01% to 3.00% .................... 337,127 10.3% 33,130 1.0% 3.01% to 4.00% .................... 343,964 10.5% 154,511 4.9% 4.01% to 5.00% .................... 103,997 3.2% 353,404 11.1% 5.01% to 6.00% .................... 54,327 1.7% 309,345 9.7% 6.01% to 7.00% .................... 59 0.0% 134 0.0% 7.01% and higher .................. -- 0.0% 32 0.0% Brokered 2.90 to 3.10% ............ -- 0.0% 1,015 0.0% ---------- ----- ---------- ----- Total certificate of deposits .. 3.8% 939,776 28.8% 4.7% 854,605 26.8% ---------- ----- ---------- ----- Total interest bearing deposits ...... 2.3% 2,515,036 77.1% 3.3% 2,396,391 75.2% ---------- ----- ---------- ----- Total deposits ....................... 1.8% $3,262,475 100.0% 2.5% $3,184,478 100.0% ========== ===== ========== ===== Deposits with a balance $100,000 and greater ....................... $1,621,430 $1,615,558 ========== ========== </TABLE> At December 31, 2008, scheduled maturities of certificate of deposits are as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ending December 31, --------------------------------------------------------- (dollars in thousands) TOTAL 2009 2010 2011 2012 Thereafter - --------------------- -------- ------- ------ ------ ----- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> 1.00% and lower ......... $ 5,497 5,487 2 -- -- 8 1.01% to 2.00% .......... 94,805 89,605 4,825 130 21 224 2.01% to 3.00% .......... 337,127 315,916 12,756 4,904 398 3,153 3.01% to 4.00% .......... 343,964 284,310 33,891 17,037 3,087 5,639 4.01% to 5.00% .......... 103,997 65,640 23,027 8,087 4,252 2,991 5.01% to 6.00% .......... 54,327 29,872 10,412 9,158 4,785 100 6.01% to 7.00% .......... 59 14 24 -- 21 -- -------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ $939,776 790,844 84,937 39,316 12,564 12,115 ======== ======= ====== ====== ====== ====== </TABLE> 69
7. DEPOSITS . . . CONTINUED Interest expense on deposits is summarized as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, ------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - ------------------------------- ------- ------ ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> NOW accounts .................. $ 3,014 4,708 2,976 Savings accounts .............. 1,865 2,679 2,336 Money market demand accounts .. 17,234 27,248 18,043 Certificate of deposits ....... 32,899 46,824 34,792 ------- ------ ------ $55,012 81,459 58,147 ======= ====== ====== </TABLE> The Company reclassified approximately $3,199,000 and $4,115,000 of overdraft demand deposits to loans as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Company has entered into transactions with its executive officers, directors, significant shareholders, and their affiliates. The aggregate amount of deposits with such related parties at December 31, 2008, and 2007 was approximately $41,667,000 and $67,241,000, respectively. 8. BORROWINGS Advances from the FHLB consist of the following: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Totals as of Maturing in years ending December 31, December 31, ------------------------------------------------ ---------------- (dollars in thousands) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Thereafter 2008 2007 - ---------------------- -------- ----- ----- ------ ---- ---------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> 0.00% to 1.00% ....... $175,900 -- -- -- -- -- 175,900 -- 1.01% to 2.00% ....... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.01% to 3.00% ....... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.01% to 4.00% ....... 250 750 -- 40,000 -- 75,000 116,000 44,000 4.01% to 5.00% ....... 2,000 -- 350 42,000 -- 792 45,142 475,214 5.01% to 6.00% ....... 1 -- -- -- -- 1,090 1,091 19,239 6.01% to 7.00% ....... 8 65 -- -- -- 250 323 396 7.01% to 8.00% ....... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 100 -------- --- --- ------ --- ------ ------- ------- $178,159 815 350 82,000 -- 77,132 338,456 538,949 ======== === === ====== === ====== ======= ======= </TABLE> In addition to specifically pledged loans and investment securities, the FHLB advances are collateralized by FHLB stock owned by the Company and a blanket assignment of the unpledged qualifying loans and investments. The total amount of advances available as of December 31, 2008 was approximately $416,621,000. The weighted average fixed interest rate on these advances was 2.10 percent and 4.41 percent at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. With respect to $157,000,000 of advances outstanding at December 31, 2008, the FHLB holds callable options that will be exercised on the quarterly measurement date, after the initial call date, if three month LIBOR is greater than 8%. The FHLB callable options as of December 31, 2008 are summarized as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> (dollars in thousands) - ---------------------------------------------- Interest Earliest Amount Rate Maturity Call - --------- ------------ -------- -------- <C> <C> <C> <C> $ 82,000 3.49% - 4.83% 2012 2009 75,000 3.16% - 4.64% 2015 2009 - -------- $157,000 ======== </TABLE> 70
8. BORROWINGS. . . CONTINUED The Company had FRB discount window borrowings outstanding of $914,000,000 and $0 as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The borrowings have a weighted average fixed interest rate of .53 percent, mature in 2009 and are collateralized by loans and investments with an available balance of $301,849,000 as of December 31, 2008. The Company had U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan borrowings outstanding of $6,067,000 and $221,409,000 as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The borrowings as of December 31, 2008 are short term and have an interest rate of fed funds less 25 basis points and are collateralized with loans and investments with an available balance of $408,798,000. 9. SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE Securities sold under agreements to repurchase consist of the following at: <TABLE> <CAPTION> BOOK MARKET WEIGHTED VALUE OF VALUE OF December 31, 2008 REPURCHASE AVERAGE UNDERLYING UNDERLYING (dollars in thousands) AMOUNT FIXED RATE ASSETS ASSETS - ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE WITHIN: OVERNIGHT ...................... $186,217 1.22% $201,185 191,985 TERM 30 - 90 DAYS .............. 2,146 2.74% -- -- -------- -------- ------- $188,363 1.23% $201,185 191,985 ======== ======== ======= </TABLE> <TABLE> <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> December 31, 2007 (dollars in thousands) - ----------------------------------- Securities sold under agreements to repurchase within: Overnight ...................... $177,392 3.56% 183,909 183,404 Term over 90 days .............. 649 5.05% 654 658 -------- -------- ------- $178,041 3.57% $184,563 184,062 ======== ======== ======= </TABLE> The securities, consisting of U.S. Agency and U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises issued or guaranteed mortgage-backed securities, subject to agreements to repurchase are for the same securities originally sold, and are held in a custody account by a third party. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, securities sold under agreements to repurchase averaged approximately $188,952,000 and $171,290,000, respectively, and the maximum outstanding at any month end during the year was approximately $196,461,000 and $193,421,000, respectively. 71
10. SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES Trust Preferred Securities were issued by the Company's five trust subsidiaries, whose common stock is wholly-owned by the Company, in conjunction with the Company issuing Subordinated Debentures to the trust subsidiaries. The terms of the Subordinated Debentures are the same as the terms of the Trust Preferred Securities. The Company guaranteed the payment of distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the Trust Preferred Securities to the extent of funds held by the trust subsidiaries. The obligations of the Company under the Subordinated Debentures together with the guarantee and other back-up obligations, in the aggregate, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the obligations of all trusts under the Trust Preferred Securities. The Trust Preferred Securities are subject to mandatory redemption upon repayment of the Subordinated Debentures at their stated maturity date or the earlier redemption in an amount equal to their liquidation amount plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption. Interest distributions are payable quarterly. The Company may defer the payment of interest at any time from time to time for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters provided that the deferral period does not extend past the stated maturity. During any such deferral period, distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities will also be deferred and the Company's ability to pay dividends on its common shares will be restricted. Subject to approval by the FRB, the Trust Preferred Securities may be redeemed at par prior to maturity at the Company's option on or after the redemption date. The Trust Preferred Securities may also be redeemed at any time in whole (but not in part) for the Trusts in the event of unfavorable changes in laws or regulations that result in (1) subsidiary trusts becoming subject to federal income tax on income received on the Subordinated Debentures, (2) interest payable by the Company on the Subordinated Debentures becoming non-deductible for federal tax purposes, (3) the requirement for the trusts to register under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or (4) loss of the ability to treat the Trust Preferred Securities as "Tier 1 Capital" under the FRB capital adequacy guidelines. The terms of the Subordinated Debentures, arranged by maturity date, is reflected in the table below. The amount includes fair value adjustments from acquisitions. <TABLE> <CAPTION> RATE AT RATE UPON DEBENTURES ISSUED TO DECEMBER FIXED/ CONVERSION MATURITY REDEMPTION (dollars in thousands) AMOUNT 31, 2008 VARIABLE TO VARIABLE DATE DATE - ---------------------------- -------- -------------------- ------------- -------------------- -------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Glacier Capital Trust II ... $ 46,393 5.788% Fixed 5 years 3 mo LIBOR plus 2.75% 04/07/34 04/07/09 Citizens Capital Trust I ... 5,155 3 mo Libor plus 2.65% Variable unchanged 06/17/34 06/17/09 Glacier Capital Trust III .. 36,083 6.078% Fixed 5 years 3 mo LIBOR plus 1.29% 04/07/36 04/07/11 Glacier Capital Trust IV ... 30,928 7.235% Fixed 5 years 3 mo LIBOR plus 1.57% 09/15/36 09/15/11 San Juan Trust I ........... 2,478 6.681% Fixed 5 years 3 mo LIBOR plus 1.82% 03/01/37 03/01/12 $121,037 </TABLE> 72
11. REGULATORY CAPITAL The FRB has adopted capital adequacy guidelines pursuant to which it assesses the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company. The following table illustrates the FRB's adequacy guidelines and the Company's and subsidiaries banks' compliance with those guidelines as of December 31, 2008. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Minimum capital Well capitalized Actual requirement requirement --------------- --------------- ---------------- Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio ------- ----- ------- ----- ------- ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated ........................... 640,275 14.30% 179,117 4.00% 268,676 6.00% Glacier ................................ 119,748 11.31% 42,341 4.00% 63,512 6.00% Mountain West .......................... 101,315 10.62% 38,151 4.00% 57,226 6.00% First Security ......................... 96,800 14.29% 27,088 4.00% 40,632 6.00% Western ................................ 59,825 13.26% 18,043 4.00% 27,065 6.00% 1st Bank ............................... 38,527 12.58% 12,252 4.00% 18,378 6.00% Big Sky ................................ 38,561 11.89% 12,974 4.00% 19,462 6.00% Valley ................................. 29,269 13.65% 8,574 4.00% 12,861 6.00% Citizens ............................... 19,564 10.84% 7,217 4.00% 10,826 6.00% San Juans .............................. 13,490 9.26% 5,830 4.00% 8,745 6.00% First Bank-MT .......................... 15,149 11.70% 5,179 4.00% 7,769 6.00% Morgan ................................. 12,231 17.39% 2,813 4.00% 4,220 6.00% Total capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated ........................... 696,505 15.55% 358,234 8.00% 447,793 10.00% Glacier ................................ 133,051 12.57% 84,682 8.00% 105,853 10.00% Mountain West .......................... 113,287 11.88% 76,302 8.00% 95,377 10.00% First Security ......................... 105,303 15.55% 54,176 8.00% 67,719 10.00% Western ................................ 65,481 14.52% 36,087 8.00% 45,108 10.00% 1st Bank ............................... 42,370 13.83% 24,504 8.00% 30,630 10.00% Big Sky ................................ 42,642 13.15% 25,949 8.00% 32,436 10.00% Valley ................................. 31,959 14.91% 17,148 8.00% 21,435 10.00% Citizens ............................... 21,825 12.10% 14,434 8.00% 18,043 10.00% San Juans .............................. 15,322 10.51% 11,660 8.00% 14,575 10.00% First Bank-MT .......................... 16,772 12.95% 10,358 8.00% 12,948 10.00% Morgan ................................. 13,112 18.64% 5,626 8.00% 7,033 10.00% Leverage capital (to average assets) Consolidated ........................... 640,275 12.38% 206,812 4.00% 258,515 5.00% Glacier ................................ 119,748 9.79% 48,929 4.00% 61,161 5.00% Mountain West .......................... 101,315 8.68% 46,707 4.00% 58,383 5.00% First Security ......................... 96,800 11.31% 34,229 4.00% 42,786 5.00% Western ................................ 59,825 10.71% 22,335 4.00% 27,919 5.00% 1st Bank ............................... 38,527 8.08% 19,077 4.00% 23,847 5.00% Big Sky ................................ 38,561 11.62% 13,272 4.00% 16,589 5.00% Valley ................................. 29,269 9.11% 12,846 4.00% 16,058 5.00% Citizens ............................... 19,564 9.46% 8,274 4.00% 10,343 5.00% San Juans .............................. 13,490 9.66% 5,586 4.00% 6,982 5.00% First Bank-MT .......................... 15,149 10.17% 5,961 4.00% 7,451 5.00% Morgan ................................. 12,231 13.23% 3,697 4.00% 4,621 5.00% </TABLE> 73
11. REGULATORY CAPITAL. . . CONTINUED The following table illustrates the FRB's adequacy guidelines and the Company's and bank subsidiaries' compliance with those guidelines as of December 31, 2007: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Minimum capital Well capitalized Actual requirement requirement --------------- --------------- ---------------- Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio ------- ----- ------- ----- ------- ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated ........................... 484,394 12.17% 159,261 4.00% 238,892 6.00% Glacier ................................ 85,467 10.75% 31,810 4.00% 47,715 6.00% Mountain West .......................... 88,962 10.45% 34,056 4.00% 51,085 6.00% First Security ......................... 87,818 13.67% 25,705 4.00% 38,558 6.00% Western ................................ 57,212 14.22% 16,092 4.00% 24,139 6.00% 1st Bank ............................... 32,659 11.27% 11,589 4.00% 17,383 6.00% Big Sky ................................ 33,497 11.04% 12,136 4.00% 18,204 6.00% Valley ................................. 24,948 11.68% 8,545 4.00% 12,817 6.00% Citizens ............................... 17,724 11.92% 5,948 4.00% 8,923 6.00% First Bank-MT .......................... 12,353 10.79% 4,578 4.00% 6,867 6.00% Morgan ................................. 8,841 14.10% 2,508 4.00% 3,761 6.00% Total capital (to risk weighted assets) Consolidated ........................... 534,221 13.42% 318,523 8.00% 398,153 10.00% Glacier ................................ 94,773 11.92% 63,620 8.00% 79,525 10.00% Mountain West .......................... 99,351 11.67% 68,113 8.00% 85,141 10.00% First Security ......................... 95,878 14.92% 51,410 8.00% 64,263 10.00% Western ................................ 62,263 15.48% 32,185 8.00% 40,231 10.00% 1st Bank ............................... 36,218 12.50% 23,178 8.00% 28,972 10.00% Big Sky ................................ 37,300 12.29% 24,273 8.00% 30,341 10.00% Valley ................................. 27,621 12.93% 17,089 8.00% 21,362 10.00% Citizens ............................... 19,588 13.17% 11,897 8.00% 14,871 10.00% First Bank-MT .......................... 13,785 12.04% 9,156 8.00% 11,445 10.00% Morgan ................................. 9,625 15.35% 5,015 8.00% 6,269 10.00% Leverage capital (to average assets) Consolidated ........................... 484,394 10.48% 184,865 4.00% 231,081 5.00% Glacier ................................ 85,467 9.62% 35,553 4.00% 44,441 5.00% Mountain West .......................... 88,962 9.01% 39,497 4.00% 49,371 5.00% First Security ......................... 87,818 11.11% 31,619 4.00% 39,523 5.00% Western ................................ 57,212 11.18% 20,470 4.00% 25,588 5.00% 1st Bank ............................... 32,659 7.41% 17,623 4.00% 22,029 5.00% Big Sky ................................ 33,497 11.17% 11,997 4.00% 14,996 5.00% Valley ................................. 24,948 9.03% 11,057 4.00% 13,821 5.00% Citizens ............................... 17,724 10.10% 7,017 4.00% 8,772 5.00% First Bank-MT .......................... 12,353 9.26% 5,334 4.00% 6,668 5.00% Morgan ................................. 8,841 10.41% 3,398 4.00% 4,248 5.00% </TABLE> The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act generally restricts a depository institution from making any capital distribution (including payment of a dividend) or paying any management fee to its bank holding company if the institution would thereafter be capitalized at less than 8 percent total capital (to risk weighted assets), 4 percent tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets), or a 4 percent tier 1 capital (to average assets). At December 31, 2008 and 2007, each of the bank subsidiaries' capital measures exceed the highest supervisory threshold, which requires total capital (to risk weighted assets) of at least 10 percent, tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) of at least 6 percent, and a leverage capital (to average assets) of at least 5 percent. 74
11. REGULATORY CAPITAL ... CONTINUED Each of the bank subsidiaries was considered well capitalized by the respective regulator as of December 31, 2008 and 2007. There are no conditions or events since year-end that management believes have changed the Company's or subsidiaries' risk-based capital category. The bank subsidiaries are subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that they may declare without prior regulatory approval. At December 31, 2008, approximately $108,269,000 of retained earnings was available for dividend declaration without prior regulatory approval. 12. FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES The following is a summary of consolidated income tax expense for: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, -------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - -------------------------------------------- -------- ------ ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> Current: Federal ................................. $ 37,373 29,016 26,740 State ................................... 8,271 6,491 6,317 -------- ------ ------ Total current tax expense ............ 45,644 35,507 33,057 -------- ------ ------ Deferred: Federal ................................. (9,979) (348) (1,453) State ................................... (2,064) (72) (347) -------- ------ ------ Total deferred tax (income) expense .. (12,043) (420) (1,800) -------- ------ ------ Total income tax expense .......... $ 33,601 35,087 31,257 ======== ====== ====== </TABLE> Combined federal and state income tax expense differs from that computed at the federal statutory corporate tax rate as follows for: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, ------------------------ 2008 2007 2006 ---- ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> <C> Federal statutory rate .......................... 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit .. 4.1% 4.0% 4.2% Tax-exempt interest income ...................... -4.9% -4.4% -5.0% Other, net ...................................... -0.3% -0.8% -0.4% ---- ---- ---- 33.9% 33.8% 33.8% ==== ==== ==== </TABLE> 75
12. FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES ... CONTINUED The tax effect of temporary differences which give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, ------------------ (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 - ----------------------------------------------------- -------- ------- <S> <C> <C> Deferred tax assets: Allowance for loan and lease losses ............... $ 30,061 21,359 Deferred compensation ............................. 2,896 2,542 Stock based compensation .......................... 3,100 2,236 Impairment of equity securities (FHLMC & FNMA) .... 2,976 -- Available-for-sale securities ..................... 803 -- Other ............................................. 3,940 1,555 -------- ------- Total gross deferred tax assets ................ 43,776 27,692 ======== ======= Deferred tax liabilities: Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends ............ (10,012) (10,033) Fixed assets, due to differences in depreciation .. (6,393) (5,025) Intangibles ....................................... (7,897) (6,930) Deferred loan costs ............................... (3,768) (2,745) Available-for-sale securities ..................... -- (2,027) Other ............................................. (1,414) (1,413) -------- ------- Total gross deferred tax liabilities ........... (29,484) (28,173) -------- ------- Net deferred tax asset (liability) .......... $ 14,292 (481) ======== ======= </TABLE> The Company and its bank subsidiaries join together in the filing of consolidated income tax returns in the following jurisdictions: federal, Montana, Idaho, Colorado and Utah. Although 1st Bank has operations in Wyoming and Mountain has operations in Washington, neither Wyoming nor Washington imposes a corporate level income tax. All required income tax returns have been timely filed. Income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 remain subject to examination by federal, Montana, Idaho, Colorado and Utah tax authorities and income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2003 remain subject to examination by the state of Montana and Idaho. On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48 ("FIN 48"), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. There was no cumulative effect recognized in retained earnings as a result of adopting FIN 48. In accordance with FIN 48, the Company reclassified the unrecognized tax benefit amount from a deferred tax liability to a current tax liability. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Dollars in Thousands ---------- <S> <C> Balance at January 1, 2007 .................................. $300 Reduction of unrecognized tax benefits for expired periods .. (90) ---- Balance at December 31, 2007 ................................ 210 Reduction of unrecognized tax benefits for expired periods .. (58) ---- Balance at December 31, 2008 ................................ $152 ==== </TABLE> If the unrecognized tax benefit amount at December 31, 2008 was recognized, it would decrease the Company's effective tax rate from 33.9 percent to 33.7 percent. The Company believes that it is unlikely that the balance of its unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease over the next twelve months. The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized income tax benefits in interest expense and penalties are recognized in other expense. During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recognized $0 interest expense and recognized $0 penalty with respect to income tax liabilities. The Company had approximately $37,000 and $50,000 accrued for the payment of interest at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Company had accrued $0 for the payment of penalties at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. 76
12. FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES ... CONTINUED There is no valuation allowance at December 31, 2008 and 2007 because management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company's deferred tax assets will be realized by offsetting future taxable income from reversing taxable temporary differences and anticipated future taxable income. Retained earnings at December 31, 2008 includes approximately $3,600,000 for which no provision for federal income tax has been made. This amount represents the base year federal bad debt reserve, which is essentially an allocation of earnings to pre-1988 bad debt deductions for income tax purposes only. This amount is treated as a permanent difference and deferred taxes are not recognized unless it appears that this bad debt reserve will be reduced and thereby result in taxable income in the foreseeable future. The Company is not currently contemplating any changes in its business or operations which would result in a recapture of this federal bad debt reserve into taxable income. 13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS The Company has a profit sharing plan that is subject to a "safe harbor" provision requiring an annual 3 percent non-elective contribution by the Company. To be considered eligible for the plan, an employee must be 21 year of age and have been employed for a full calendar quarter. In addition, elective contributions, depending on the Company's profitability, may be made to the plan. To be considered eligible for the elective contributions, an employee must be 21 years of age, worked 501 hours in the plan year and be employed as of the last day of the plan year. Participants are at all times fully vested in all contributions. The total plan expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 was approximately $3,034,000, $3,964,000 and $4,730,000 respectively. The Company also has an employees' savings plan. The plan allows eligible employees to contribute up to 60 percent of their monthly salaries. The Company matches an amount equal to 50 percent of the employee's contribution, up to 6 percent of the employee's total pay. Participants are at all times fully vested in all contributions. The Company's contribution to the savings plan for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was approximately $1,445,000, $1,333,000, and $1,120,000, respectively. The Company has a non-funded deferred compensation plan for directors and senior officers. The plan provides for the deferral of cash payments of up to 50 percent of a participants' salary, and for 100 percent of bonuses and directors fees, at the election of the participant. The total amount deferred was approximately $461,000, $543,000, and $643,000, for the years ending December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. The participant receives an earnings credit at a rate equal to 50 percent of the Company's return on equity. The total earnings for the years ended 2008, 2007, and 2006 for this plan were approximately $261,000, $259,000, and $226,000, respectively. In connection with several acquisitions, the Company assumed the obligations of deferred compensation plans for certain key employees. As of December 31, 2008, the liability related to the obligations was approximately $1,684,000 and was included in other liabilities of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The amount expensed related to the obligations during 2008 was insignificant. The Company has a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) which is intended to supplement payments due to participants upon retirement under the Company's other qualified plans. The Company credits the participant's account on annual basis for an amount equal to employer contributions that would have otherwise been allocated to the participant's account under the tax-qualified plans were it not for limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), or the participation in the non-funded deferred compensation plan. Eligible employees include participants of the non-funded deferred compensation plan and employees whose benefits were limited as a result of IRS regulations. The Company's required contribution to the SERP for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was approximately $67,000, $70,000, and $102,000, respectively. The participant receives an earnings credit at a rate equal to 50 percent of the Company's return on equity. The total earnings for the years ended 2008, 2007, and 2006 for this plan were approximately $50,000, $52,000, and $48,000, respectively. The Company has elected to self-insure certain costs related to employee health and accident benefit programs as of January 1, 2007 and also the employee dental program beginning January 1, 2008. Costs resulting from noninsured losses are expensed as incurred. The Company has purchased insurance that limits its exposure on an aggregate and individual claims basis for the employee health and accident benefit programs. The Company has entered into employment contracts with 17 senior officers that provide benefits under certain conditions following a change in control of the Company. 77
14. EARNINGS PER SHARE The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: <TABLE> <CAPTION> For the Years Ended December 31, -------------------------------------- 2008 2007 2006 ----------- ---------- ----------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Net earnings available to common stockholders, basic and diluted .... $65,657,000 68,603,000 61,131,000 ----------- ---------- ---------- Average outstanding shares - basic .... 54,851,145 53,236,489 49,727,299 Add: Dilutive stock options ........... 152,669 511,909 769,878 ----------- ---------- ---------- Average outstanding shares - diluted .. 55,003,814 53,748,398 50,497,177 =========== ========== ========== Basic earnings per share .............. $ 1.20 1.29 1.23 =========== ========== ========== Diluted earnings per share ............ $ 1.19 1.28 1.21 =========== ========== ========== </TABLE> There were approximately 1,421,000, 701,000, and 606,000 options excluded from the diluted share calculation for December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively, due to the option exercise price exceeding the market price of the Company's common stock. 15. STOCK OPTION PLANS The Company has stock-based compensation plans outstanding. The Directors 1994 Stock Option Plan was approved to provide for the grant of stock options to outside Directors of the Company. The Directors 1994 Stock Option Plan will expire in March of 2009. The Employees 1995 Stock Option Plan was approved to provide the grant of stock options to certain full-time employees of the Company. The Employees 1995 Stock Option Plan expired in April 2005 and has granted but unexpired stock options outstanding. The 2005 Stock Incentive Plan provides awards to certain full-time employees and directors of the Company. The 2005 Stock Incentive Plan permits the granting of stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, and unrestricted shares, deferred share units, and performance awards. Upon exercise of the stock options, the shares are obtained from the authorized and unissued stock. The 1994, 1995, and 2005 plans also contain provisions authorizing the grant of limited stock rights, which permit the optionee, upon a change in control of the Company, to surrender his or her stock options for cancellation and receive cash or common stock equal to the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the shares on the date of the grant. The option price at which the Company's common stock may be purchased upon exercise of stock options granted under the plans must be at least equal to the per share market value of such stock at the date the option is granted. All stock option shares are adjusted for stock splits and stock dividends. The term of the stock options may not exceed five years from the date the options are granted. The employee stock options generally vest over a period of two years and the director options vest over a period of six months. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (Revised) Share-Based Payment, as of January 1, 2006 and, accordingly, has determined compensation cost based on the fair value of stock options at the grant date. Additionally, the compensation cost for the portion of awards outstanding for which the requisite service has not been rendered that are outstanding as of the required effective date are recognized as the requisite service is rendered on or after the required effective date. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the compensation cost for the stock option plans was $2,782,000, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $1,096,000, resulting in a net earnings and cash flow from operations reduction of $1,686,000, or a decrease of $.03 per share for both basic and diluted earnings per share. Additionally, in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the excess tax benefit from stock options decreased the net cash provided from operating activities and increased the net cash provided by financing activities by $1,325,000 the twelve months ended December 31, 2008. Total unrecognized compensation cost, net of income tax benefit, related to non-vested awards which are expected to be recognized over the next weighted period of 1 year was $1,110,000 as of December 31, 2008. The total fair value of shares vested for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $3,596,000 and $2,013,000, respectively. 78
15. STOCK OPTION PLANS ... CONTINUED Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123 (R), the Company utilized the intrinsic value method and compensation cost was the excess of the market price of the stock at the grant date over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. The exercise price of all stock options granted has been equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the date of grant and, accordingly, the intrinsic value has been $0 and no compensation cost was recognized prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123 (R). The Company did not modify any outstanding stock options prior to the adoption of the standard. The per share weighted-average fair value of stock options on the date of grant was based on the Black Scholes option-pricing model. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and termination within the valuation model. Employee and director awards, which have dissimilar historical exercise behavior, are considered separately for valuation purposes. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the stock option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of the grant. The stock option awards generally vest upon six months or two years of service for directors and employees, respectively, and generally expire in five years. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility and other factors. The following lists the various assumptions and fair value of the grants awarded during the year. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Options granted during --------------------- 2008 2007 2006 ----- ----- ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> Fair Value of Stock Options - Black Scholes .. $3.56 $5.05 $4.31 Expected Volatility .......................... 29% 26% 27% Expected Dividends ........................... 2.30% 2.12% 2.23% Risk Free Interest Rate ...................... 2.49% 4.80% 4.35% Expected Life ................................ 3.46 3.47 3.30 </TABLE> At December 31, 2008, total shares available for stock option grants to employees and directors are 3,602,676. Changes in shares granted for stock options for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively, are summarized as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Weighted average Options exercise price --------- -------------- <S> <C> <C> Outstanding at December 31, 2007 ... 2,903,517 18.62 Canceled ........................... (153,860) 21.41 Granted ............................ 598,810 18.19 Exercised .......................... (719,858) 13.61 --------- Outstanding at December 31, 2008 ... 2,628,609 19.73 ========= Excercisable at December 31, 2008 .. 1,548,219 18.82 ========= </TABLE> The range of exercise prices on options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2008 is as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Options exercisable ---------------------------- Weighted Weighted Weighted Options average average Options average Price range Outstanding exercise price life of options Exercisable exercise price ----------- ----------- -------------- --------------- ----------- -------------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> $5.97 3,348 $ 5.97 .4 years 3,348 $ 5.97 $13.35 -$18.30 1,197,711 17.46 3.1 years 701,861 16.13 $18.74 - $24.73 1,427,550 22.47 2.6 years 843,010 21.32 --------- --------- 2,628,609 19.73 2.9 years 1,548,219 18.82 ========= ========= </TABLE> 79
16. PARENT COMPANY INFORMATION (CONDENSED) The following condensed financial information is the unconsolidated (parent company only) information for Glacier Bancorp, Inc.: <TABLE> <CAPTION> December 31, STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION ------------------ (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 - --------------------------------------------------- -------- ------- <S> <C> <C> Assets: Cash ........................................... $ 1,036 2,374 Interest bearing cash deposits ................. 97,221 19,686 -------- ------- Cash and cash equivalents ................... 98,257 22,060 Investment securities, available-for-sale ...... -- 1,274 Other assets ................................... 14,443 10,225 Investment in subsidiaries ..................... 702,183 627,333 -------- ------- $814,883 660,892 ======== ======= Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Dividends payable .............................. $ 7,973 6,974 Subordinated debentures ........................ 121,037 118,559 Other liabilities .............................. 8,933 6,783 -------- ------- Total liabilities ........................... 137,943 132,316 Common stock ................................... 613 536 Paid-in capital ................................ 491,794 374,728 Retained earnings .............................. 185,776 150,195 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income .. (1,243) 3,117 ======== ======= Total stockholders' equity .................. 676,940 528,576 -------- ------- $814,883 660,892 ======== ======= </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS ------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - -------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ------ ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> Revenues Dividends from subsidiaries ..................................... $20,500 40,550 25,400 Other income .................................................... 747 889 754 Intercompany charges for services ............................... 12,656 11,345 9,711 ------- ------ ------ Total revenues ............................................... 33,903 52,784 35,865 Expenses Employee compensation and benefits .............................. 7,769 7,564 6,508 Other operating expenses ........................................ 13,044 12,969 10,230 ------- ------ ------ Total expenses ............................................... 20,813 20,533 16,738 Earnings before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries ..................................... 13,090 32,251 19,127 Income tax benefit .............................................. 1,952 4,444 298 ------- ------ ------ Income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries .. 15,042 36,695 19,425 Subsidiary earnings in excess of dividends distributed .......... 50,615 31,908 41,706 ------- ------ ------ Net earnings ....................................................... $65,657 68,603 61,131 ======= ====== ====== </TABLE> 80
16. PARENT COMPANY INFORMATION (CONDENSED)...CONTINUED <TABLE> <CAPTION> Years ended December 31, STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS -------------------------- (dollars in thousands) 2008 2007 2006 - ------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Operating Activities Net earnings ................................................... $ 65,657 68,603 61,131 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: Subsidiary earnings in excess of dividends distributed ......... (50,615) (31,908) (41,706) Excess tax benefits related to the exercise of stock options ... (1,325) (1,745) (1,217) Net increase in other assets and other liabilities ............. 3,411 5,316 4,986 -------- ------- ------- Net cash provided by operating activities ......................... 17,128 40,266 23,194 ======== ======= ======= Investing activities Proceeds from sales, maturities and prepayments of securities available-for-sale .......................................... 1,270 -- -- Equity contribution to subsidiary banks ........................ (15,455) (10,416) (65,035) Net addition of premises and equipment ......................... (2,741) (3,401) (1,902) -------- ------- ------- Net cash used by investing activities ............................. (16,926) (13,817) (66,937) -------- ------- ------- Financing activities Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debentures .............. -- -- 65,000 Repayment of subordinated debentures ........................... -- -- (35,000) Cash dividends paid ............................................ (29,079) (26,694) (22,558) Excess tax benefits from stock options ......................... 1,325 1,745 1,217 Proceeds from exercise of stock options and other stock issued........................................... 103,749 6,154 36,403 Cash paid for stock dividends .................................. -- -- (5) -------- ------- ------- Net cash provided by (used) financing activities .................. 75,995 (18,795) 45,057 -------- ------- ------- Net increase in cash and cash equivalents ......................... 76,197 7,654 1,314 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year .................... 22,060 14,406 13,092 -------- ------- ------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of year .......................... $ 98,257 22,060 14,406 ======== ======= ======= </TABLE> 17. UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA Summarized unaudited quarterly financial data is as follows (dollars in thousands except per share amounts): <TABLE> <CAPTION> QUARTERS ENDED, 2008 ------------------------------------------------------------- MARCH 31 JUNE 30 SEPTEMBER 30 DECEMBER 31 ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Interest income .............. $ 76,016 74,573 75,689 76,707 Interest expense ............. 27,387 22,273 22,113 18,599 ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- Net interest income .......... 48,629 52,300 53,576 58,108 Gain (Loss) on investments ... 248 -- (7,593) -- Provision for loan losses .... 2,500 5,042 8,715 12,223 Earnings before income taxes 26,778 28,196 18,854 25,430 Net earnings ................. 17,399 18,459 12,785 17,014 Basic earnings per share ..... 0.32 0.35 0.23 0.30 Diluted earnings per share ... 0.32 0.34 0.24 0.29 Dividends per share .......... 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 Market range high-low ........ $20.48-$15.54 $21.78-$15.99 $27.72-$14.46 $25.36-$14.12 </TABLE> 81
17. UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA...CONTINUED During the first quarter of 2008, the Company realized a gain of $130,000 from extinguishment of the Company's share ownership in Principal Financial Group and a gain of $118,000 from the mandatory redemption of a portion of Visa, Inc. shares from its recent initial public offering. During the third quarter of 2008, the Company incurred a $7,593,000 OTTI charge with respect to its investments in Freddie Mac preferred stock and Fannie Mae common stock. The Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac stock was written down to a $0 value, however, the Company retains ownership. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Quarters Ended, 2007 ------------------------------------------------------------- March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Interest income .............. $ 71,920 75,293 78,430 79,117 Interest expense ............. 28,829 30,097 31,447 30,918 ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- Net interest income .......... 43,091 45,196 46,983 48,199 Loss on investments .......... (8) -- -- -- Provision for loan losses .... 1,195 1,210 1,315 2,960 Earnings before income taxes............... 24,405 25,323 26,950 27,012 Net earnings ................. 16,093 16,725 17,639 18,146 Basic earnings per share ..... 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.34 Diluted earnings per share ... 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.34 Dividends per share .......... 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 Market range high-low ........ $25.39-$22.76 $24.61-$19.55 $24.00-$18.41 $23.85-$17.57 </TABLE> 18. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. FASB issued Staff Position ("FSP") SFAS 157-2, Effective Date of SFAS No. 157, which delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). SFAS 157 has been applied prospectively as of January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FAS 157 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities The following are the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at and for the period ended December 31, 2008. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Carrying Assets/ Quoted prices Significant value of Liabilities in active market other Significant Assets/ measured at for identical observable Unobservable Liabilities Fair Value assets inputs Inputs (Dollars in thousands) at 12/31/08 12/31/08 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) - -------------------------------- ----------- ------------ ---------------- ----------- ------------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Financial Assets: Investment securities ....... $434,677 434,677 -- 418,853 15,824 Mortgage-backed securities .. 494,470 494,470 -- 486,873 7,597 -------- ------- --- ------- ------ Total financial assets ... $929,147 929,147 -- 905,726 23,421 ======== ======= === ======= ====== </TABLE> 82
18. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS...CONTINUED The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period. Investments and mortgage-backed securities - fair value for available-for-sale securities is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. For those securities where greater reliance on unobservable inputs occurs, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the period ended December 31, 2008. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Significant Unobservable Inputs (Dollars in thousands) (Level 3) - ------------------------------------------------- ------------ <S> <C> Balance as of January 1, 2008.................... $16,948 Total unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income.................... (747) Amortization, accretion, or principal payments... (377) Transfers into level 3........................... 7,597 ------- Balance as of December 31, 2008.................. $23,421 ======= </TABLE> The change in unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities are reported in the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Certain financial assets or liabilities are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, but are subject to fair value measurement in certain circumstances, for example upon acquisition or when there is evidence of impairment. The following are the assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2008. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Carrying Assets/ Quoted prices Significant value of Liabilities in active market other Significant Assets/ measured at for identical observable Unobservable Liabilities Fair Value assets inputs Inputs (Dollars in thousands) at 12/31/08 12/31/08 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) - ----------------------------------- ----------- ------------ ---------------- ----------- ------------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Financial Assets: Impaired Loans, net of allowance for loan and lease losses ...................... $71,950 71,950 -- -- 71,950 ------- ------ --- --- ------ Total financial assets ...... $71,950 71,950 -- -- 71,950 ======= ====== === === ====== </TABLE> The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period. Impaired Loans, net of ALLL - loans included in the Company's financials for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are considered impaired in accordance with SFAS 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan. Allowable methods for estimating fair value include using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans or, where a loan is determined not to be collateral dependent, using the discounted cash flow method. Impaired loans are primarily collateral-dependent and the estimated fair value is based on the fair value of the collateral. Impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. 83
18. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS...CONTINUED The following presents the estimated fair values as in accordance with FAS 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, as of December 31, 2008 and 2007. <TABLE> <CAPTION> 2008 2007 ----------------------- ---------------------- (dollars in thousands) Amount Fair Value Amount Fair Value - ----------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Financial Assets: Cash on hand and in banks ........................ $ 125,123 125,123 145,697 145,697 Federal funds sold ............................... 6,480 6,480 135 135 Interest bearing cash deposits ................... 3,652 3,652 81,777 81,777 Investment securities ............................ 434,677 434,677 297,136 297,136 Mortgage-backed securities ....................... 494,470 494,470 343,373 343,373 FHLB and FRB stock ............................... 60,945 60,945 59,815 59,815 Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan and lease losses............................... 4,053,454 4,064,215 3,557,122 3,580,202 Accrued interest receivable ...................... 28,777 28,777 26,168 26,168 ---------- --------- --------- --------- Total financial assets ........................ $5,207,578 5,218,339 4,511,223 4,534,303 ========== ========= ========= ========= Financial Liabilities: Deposits ......................................... $3,262,475 3,273,076 3,184,478 3,192,594 Advances from the FHLB ........................... 338,456 344,597 538,949 538,949 Federal Reserve Bank discount window ............. 914,000 914,000 -- -- Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds ... 196,731 196,749 401,621 401,628 Subordinated debentures .......................... 121,037 63,840 118,559 110,420 Accrued interest payable ......................... 9,751 9,751 13,281 13,281 ---------- --------- --------- --------- Total financial liabilities ................... $4,842,450 4,802,013 4,256,888 4,256,872 ========== ========= ========= ========= </TABLE> The following is a description of the methods used to estimate the fair value of all other financial instruments recognized at amounts other than fair value. Financial Assets The estimated fair value is the book value of cash, federal funds sold, interest bearing cash deposits, and accrued interest receivable. The estimated fair value of FHLB and FRB stock is book value, due to the restrictions that such stock may only be sold to another member institution or the FHLB or FRB at their par value. Loans receivable, net of ALLL - fair value for unimpaired loans, net of ALLL, is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates at which similar notes would be written for the same remaining maturities. Impaired loans are primarily collateral-dependent and the estimated fair value is based on the fair value of the collateral. Financial Liabilities The estimated fair value of accrued interest payable is the book value. Deposits - fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The estimated fair value of demand, NOW, savings, and money market deposits is the book value since rates are regularly adjusted to market rates. Advances from FHLB - fair value of advances is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for advances with similar terms and maturities. Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds - fair value of term repurchase agreements and other term borrowings is estimated based on current repurchase rates and borrowing rates currently available to the Company for repurchases and borrowings with similar terms and maturities. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value. 84
18. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS...CONTINUED Subordinated debentures - fair value of the subordinated debt is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates for subordinated debt issuances with similar characteristics. Off-balance sheet financial instruments - Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit represent the principal categories of off-balance sheet financial instruments. Rates for these commitments are set at time of loan closing, such that no adjustment is necessary to reflect these commitments at market value. See Note 4 to consolidated financial statements. 19. CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties under operating and capital leases. Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 was approximately $2,561,000, $2,099,000, and $1,784,000, respectively. Amortization of building capital lease assets is included in depreciation. One of the Company's subsidiaries has entered into lease transactions with two of its directors and the related party rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 was approximately $476,000, $346,000, and $333,000. The total future minimum rental commitments required under operating and capital leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2008 are as follows (dollars in thousands): <TABLE> <CAPTION> Capital Operating Years ended December 31, Leases Leases Total - ------------------------ ------- --------- ------ <S> <C> <C> <C> 2009 $ 229 2,488 2,717 2010 231 2,372 2,603 2011 233 2,053 2,286 2012 235 1,555 1,790 2013 238 1,313 1,551 Thereafter 2,179 7,349 9,528 ------ ------ ------ Total minimum lease payments $3,345 17,130 20,475 ====== ====== Less: Amounts representing interest 1,236 ------ Present value of minimum lease payments 2,109 Less: Current portion of obligations under capital leases 68 ------ Long-term portion of obligations under capital leases 2,041 ====== </TABLE> The Company is a defendant in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of pending litigation will not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. 20. ACQUISITIONS On December 1, 2008, the Company acquired Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation and its San Juans subsidiary bank, with total assets of $157,648,000, loans of $139,376,000 and deposits of $118,934,000. The purchase price included core deposit intangible of $2,101,000 and goodwill of $6,451,000. The Company is currently evaluating the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired. Adjustment of the allocated purchase price may be required for pre-acquisition contingencies of the acquired entity known or discovered during the allocation period, the period of time required to identify and measure the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combination. The allocation period is generally limited to one year following consummation of a business combination. On April 30, 2007, 1st Bank completed the acquisition of North Side with total assets of $128,252,000, loans of $38,773,000, and deposits of $99,568,000. The purchase price included core deposit intangible of $2,524,000 and goodwill of $8,223,000 85
21. OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION SFAS No. 131, Financial Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise, requires that a public business enterprise report financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company defines operating segments and evaluates segment performance internally based on individual bank charters. The following schedule provides selected financial data for the Company's operating segments. Centrally provided services to the banks are allocated based on estimated usage of those services. The operating segment identified as "Other" includes limited partnership interests that operate residential rental real estate properties which have been allocated low income housing tax credits. Intersegment revenues primarily represents interest income on intercompany borrowings, management fees, and data processing fees received by individual banks or the parent company. Intersegment revenues, expenses and assets are eliminated in order to report results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. On April 30, 2008, Whitefish was merged into Glacier with operations conducted under the Glacier charter. The five subsidiaries acquired as a result of the acquisition of CDC included Citizens State Bank, First Citizens Bank of Billings, First National Bank of Lewistown, Western Bank of Chinook, and First Citizens Bank, N.A. On January 26, 2007, Citizens State Bank, First Citizens Bank of Billings, and First Citizens Bank, N.A. were merged into First Security, Western, and Glacier, respectively. On June 21, 2007, Western Bank of Chinook was merged into First National Bank of Lewistown and renamed First Bank of Montana. Prior period activity of the merged banks has been combined and included in the acquiring bank subsidiaries' historical results. The accounting policies of the individual operating segments are the same as those of the Company described in Note 1. Transactions between operating segments are conducted at fair value, resulting in profits that are eliminated for reporting consolidated results of operations. Expenses for centrally provided services are allocated based on the estimated usage of those services. 86
21. OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION . . . CONTINUED The following is a summary of selected operating segment information for the years ended and as of December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006. <TABLE> <CAPTION> 2008 Mountain First 1st (dollars in thousands) Glacier West Security Western Bank Big Sky Valley Citizens - ------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income $ 52,900 45,614 34,212 20,739 19,526 15,595 12,764 7,676 Provision for loan losses ........... (8,825) (11,150) (1,750) (540) (1,675) (2,200) (810) (750) ---------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses ........................... 44,075 34,464 32,462 20,199 17,851 13,395 11,954 6,926 Noninterest income .................. 13,926 20,353 6,987 3,200 3,877 3,608 4,542 2,855 Core deposit amortization ........... (392) (196) (511) (623) (571) (23) (42) (128) Other noninterest expense ........... (27,074) (41,922) (17,128) (16,071) (11,505) (7,390) (8,684) (6,407) ---------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Earnings before income taxes ........ 30,535 12,699 21,810 6,705 9,652 9,590 7,770 3,246 Income tax (expense) benefit ........ (10,910) (3,628) (7,282) (1,818) (3,325) (3,587) (2,251) (1,092) ---------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net income .......................... $ 19,625 9,071 14,528 4,887 6,327 6,003 5,519 2,154 ========== ========= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= Assets .............................. $1,250,774 1,226,869 954,218 609,678 466,774 332,325 297,875 217,697 Loans, net of ALLL .................. 963,107 955,486 561,980 354,199 259,639 287,394 196,262 159,412 Goodwill ............................ 8,900 23,159 18,582 22,311 30,742 1,752 1,770 9,553 Deposits ............................ 609,473 680,404 545,199 357,729 347,346 179,834 185,505 135,970 Stockholders' equity ................ 129,890 124,881 116,856 83,843 71,558 40,384 31,483 29,110 </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> San First Bank Juans of MT Morgan Parent Other Eliminations Consolidated ----------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ------------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income $ 575 6,676 3,169 (6,762) (71) -- 212,613 Provision for loan losses ........... (53) (390) (337) -- -- -- (28,480) -------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ---------- --------- Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses............................ 522 6,286 2,832 (6,762) (71) -- 184,133 Noninterest income .................. 85 768 851 83,891 248 (84,157) 61,034 Core deposit amortization ........... (19) (405) (141) -- -- -- (3,051) Other noninterest expense ........... (397) (3,083) (2,638) (13,424) (204) 13,069 (142,858) -------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ---------- --------- Earnings before income taxes ........ 191 3,566 904 63,705 (27) (71,088) 99,258 Income tax (expense) benefit ........ (75) (1,279) (306) 1,952 -- -- (33,601) -------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ---------- --------- Net income .......................... $ 116 2,287 598 65,657 (27) (71,088) 65,657 ======== ======= ======= ======= ====== ========== ========= Assets .............................. $165,784 154,645 100,095 814,883 3,341 (1,040,988) 5,553,970 Loans, net of ALLL .................. 142,114 114,177 60,731 -- -- (1,047) 4,053,454 Goodwill ............................ 6,451 12,556 10,976 -- -- -- 146,752 Deposits ............................ 143,056 113,531 70,885 -- -- (106,457) 3,262,475 Stockholders' equity ................ 21,207 29,329 23,642 676,940 1,577 (703,760) 676,940 </TABLE> 87
21. OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION . . . CONTINUED <TABLE> <CAPTION> 2007 Mountain First 1st (dollars in thousands) Glacier West Security Western Bank Big Sky Valley - ---------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income..................... $ 40,270 41,115 32,674 19,069 16,861 12,610 10,680 Provision for loan losses .............. (1,580) (2,225) (1,100) -- (585) (645) (405) ---------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses .............................. 38,690 38,890 31,574 19,069 16,276 11,965 10,275 Noninterest income ..................... 13,473 19,861 6,844 8,792 3,399 3,583 4,655 Core deposit amortization .............. (415) (208) (554) (675) (531) (23) (42) Other noninterest expense .............. (25,231) (36,745) (17,295) (15,972) (10,490) (7,220) (8,222) ---------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Earnings.before income taxes ........... 26,517 21,798 20,569 11,214 8,654 8,305 6,666 Income tax (expense) benefit ........... (9,294) (7,701) (7,027) (4,129) (3,157) (3,144) (1,955) ---------- --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net income.............................. $ 17,223 14,097 13,542 7,085 5,497 5,161 4,711 ========== ========= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= Assets ................................. $1,101,112 1,038,294 792,882 508,729 456,273 315,885 282,643 Loans, net of ALLL ..................... 863,253 836,426 548,682 321,533 246,478 262,934 195,682 Goodwill................................ 8,900 23,159 18,582 22,311 30,742 1,752 1,770 Deposits................................ 579,190 666,330 533,260 345,273 365,906 215,771 187,657 Stockholders' equity ................... 115,247 114,538 109,320 83,226 67,003 35,406 27,323 </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> First Bank Citizens of MT Morgan Parent Other Eliminations Consolidated ----------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ------------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income..................... $ 7,532 6,308 3,274 (6,859) (65) -- 183,469 Provision for loan losses .............. (75) (20) (45) -- -- -- (6,680) -------- ------- ------ ------- ----- -------- --------- Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses .. 7,457 6,288 3,229 (6,859) (65) -- 176,789 Noninterest income ..................... 2,550 736 813 84,025 224 (84,137) 64,818 Core deposit amortization .............. (146) (451) (157) -- -- -- (3,202) Other noninterest expense .............. (6,102) (3,426) (2,525) (13,006) (192) 11,711 (134,715) -------- ------- ------ ------- ----- -------- --------- Earnings before income taxes ........... 3,759 3,147 1,360 64,160 (33) (72,426) 103,690 Income tax (expense) benefit ........... (1,403) (1,395) (325) 4,443 -- -- (35,087) -------- ------- ------ ------- ----- -------- --------- Net income.............................. $ 2,356 1,752 1,035 68,603 (33) (72,426) 68,603 ======== ======= ====== ======= ===== ======== ========= Assets ................................. $182,769 149,483 95,054 660,892 3,385 (770,071) 4,817,330 Loans, net of ALLL ..................... 131,988 98,897 52,322 -- -- (1,073) 3,557,122 Goodwill ............................... 9,553 12,556 10,976 -- -- -- 140,301 Deposits ............................... 139,228 113,692 73,375 -- -- (35,204) 3,184,478 Stockholders' equity ................... 27,808 26,941 20,520 528,576 1,605 (628,937) 528,576 </TABLE> 88
21. OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION ... CONTINUED <TABLE> <CAPTION> 2006 Mountain First 1st (dollars in thousands) Glacier West Security Western Bank Big Sky Valley - --------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income.................... $ 36,679 36,133 30,366 16,299 11,525 12,054 9,893 Provision for loan losses ............. (1,080) (1,500) (600) -- (300) (305) (485) -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses ....................... 35,599 34,633 29,766 16,299 11,225 11,749 9,408 Noninterest income .................... 11,857 16,442 5,351 5,645 2,939 2,781 3,938 Core deposit amortization ............. (286) (219) (383) (329) (408) (23) (43) Other noninterest expense ............. (22,064) (31,057) (15,149) (11,748) (8,153) (6,561) (7,649) -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Earnings before income taxes .......... 25,106 19,799 19,585 9,867 5,603 7,946 5,654 Income tax (expense) benefit .......... (8,516) (6,163) (6,303) (1,797) (2,358) (2,703) (1,626) -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net income............................. $ 16,590 13,636 13,282 8,070 3,245 5,243 4,028 ======== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= Assets ................................ $989,496 918,985 829,796 591,378 324,560 274,888 269,442 Loans, net of ALLL .................... 741,089 701,390 537,382 364,899 152,197 218,482 177,507 Goodwill .............................. 8,916 23,159 18,605 19,892 22,508 1,752 1,770 Deposits .............................. 612,461 693,323 547,711 395,245 255,834 223,605 183,233 Stockholders' equity .................. 104,762 98,954 102,912 82,764 43,911 31,282 24,247 </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> First Bank Citizens of MT Morgan Parent Other Eliminations Consolidated ----------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ------------ <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net interest income .................... $ 8,247 1,580 1,090 (5,505) (73) -- 158,288 Provision for loan losses .............. (900) -- (22) -- -- -- (5,192) -------- ------- ------ ------- ----- -------- --------- Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses ........................ 7,347 1,580 1,068 (5,505) (73) -- 153,096 Noninterest income ..................... 2,161 200 318 77,026 229 (77,045) 51,842 Core deposit amortization .............. (164) (115) (54) -- -- -- (2,024) Other noninterest expense .............. (5,898) (691) (651) (10,688) (270) 10,053 (110,526) -------- ------- ------ ------- ----- -------- --------- Earnings before income taxes ........... 3,446 974 681 60,833 (114) (66,992) 92,388 Income tax (expense) benefit ........... (1,507) (334) (248) 298 -- -- (31,257) -------- ------- ------ ------- ----- -------- --------- Net income ............................. $ 1,939 640 433 61,131 (114) (66,992) 61,131 ======== ======= ====== ======= ===== ======== ========= Assets ................................. $172,517 148,097 95,991 586,412 3,452 (733,716) 4,471,298 Loans, net of ALLL ..................... 137,779 90,595 45,302 -- -- (1,098) 3,165,524 Goodwill ............................... 9,553 12,660 10,901 -- -- -- 129,716 Deposits ............................... 128,317 116,512 75,348 -- -- (24,056) 3,207,533 Stockholders' equity ................... 25,549 25,766 20,308 456,143 1,648 (562,103) 456,143 </TABLE> 22. IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS In January 2009, the FASB issued FSP Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") 99-20-1, Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20. The EITF amends the impairment guidance in EITF Issue No. 99-20, "Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased Beneficial Interests and Beneficial Interests That Continue to Be Held by a Transferor in Securitized Financial Assets," to achieve more consistent determination of whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred. The FSP also retains and emphasizes the objective of an other than-temporary impairment assessment and the related disclosure requirements in SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities", and other related guidance. The issue is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2008 and shall be applied prospectively. The Company has evaluated this issue and determined that it is not currently applicable to the Company, but could be applicable in the future at which time the Company will determine any material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities. The FSP amends SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, to require public entities to provide additional disclosures about transfers of financial assets. It also amends FASB Interpretation No. 46 (R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, to require public enterprises, including sponsors that have a variable interest in a variable interest entity, to provide additional disclosures about their involvement with variable interest entities. Additionally, this FSP requires certain disclosures to be provided by a public enterprise that is (a) a sponsor of a qualifying special purpose entity (SPE) that holds a variable interest in the qualifying SPE but was not the 89
22. IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS...CONTINUED transferor (nontransferor) of financial assets to the qualifying SPE and (b) a FSP on SFAS 140 and Interpretation 46(R) (FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46R-8) servicer of a qualifying SPE that holds a significant variable interest in the qualifying SPE but was not the transferor (nontransferor) of financial assets to the qualifying SPE. The disclosures required by this FSP are intended to provide greater transparency to financial statement users about a transferor's continuing involvement with transferred financial assets and an enterprise's involvement with variable interest entities and qualifying SPEs. The issue shall be effective for the first reporting period (interim or annual) ending after December 15, 2008. The Company has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this FSP and determined there was not a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active. The FSP clarifies the application of SFAS 157 No., Fair Value Measurements, in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active. The issue is effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements have been issued. The Company has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there was not a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets. This FSP amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS No. 141 (R), Business Combinations, and other U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). This issue is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard, but does not expect it to have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. This Statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard, but does not expect it to have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157. This FSP delays the effective date of FASB Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The issue is effective upon issuance. The Company has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there was not a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-1, Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13. The FSP amends SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, to exclude SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases, and other accounting pronouncements that address fair value measurements for purposes of lease classification or measurement under SFAS No. 13. However, this scope exception does not apply to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that are required to be measured at fair value under SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, or SFAS No. 141 (R), Business Combinations, regardless of whether those assets and liabilities are related to leases. The issue is effective upon the initial adoption of SFAS 157. The Company has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there was not a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations. The objective of this Statement is to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. The Statement establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer: a) Recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree b) Recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase c) Determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial 90
22. IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS...CONTINUED effects of the business combination. This Statement applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. An entity may not apply it before that date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard, but does not expect it to have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations with any future business combinations. In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This Statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. This Statement is effective as of the beginning of an entity's first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. The Company has evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there was not a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. At present, the Company has chosen not to measure the permitted items at fair value. In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, FASB having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, this Statement does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company evaluated the impact of the adoption of this standard and determined there was not a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. For additional information relating to fair value measurements, see Note 18. In September 2006, the FASB EITF issued EITF 06-4, Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements. The EITF determined that for an endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangement within the scope of the Issue, the employer should recognize a liability for future benefits in accordance with SFAS No. 106, Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions, or APB Opinion 12, Omnibus Opinion-1967, based on the substantive agreement with the employee. The Issue is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007, with earlier application permitted. The Company adopted the EITF during the first quarter of 2008 resulting in a $997 thousand decrease to retained earnings for the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles. 23. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On February 9, 2009, a definitive agreement to acquire First Company and its bank subsidiary First National Bank & Trust, a community bank based in Powell, Wyoming was announced. First National Bank & Trust has three branch locations in Powell, Cody, and Lovell, Wyoming. As of December 31, 2008, First National Bank & Trust had total assets of $282 million. Upon completion of the transaction, which is subject to regulatory approval and other customary conditions of closing, First National Bank & Trust will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. On February 1, 2009, Morgan merged into 1st Bank resulting in operations being conducted under the 1st Bank charter. Prior period activity of Morgan will be combined and included in 1st Bank's historical results. The merger will be accounted for as a combination of two wholly-owned subsidiaries without purchase accounting. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE There have been no changes or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that are filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 91
are recorded, processed, summarized and timely reported as provided in the SEC's rules and forms. As a result of this evaluation, there were no significant changes in the internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting. Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as it relates to its financial statements presented in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The Company's internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes self monitoring mechanisms and actions are taken to correct deficiencies as they are identified. There are inherent limitations in any internal control, no matter how well designed, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected, including the possibility of circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even an effective internal control system can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of an internal control system may vary over time. Management assessed its internal control structure over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in "Internal Control - Integrated Framework" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management asserts that the Company and subsidiaries maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as it relates to its financial statements presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the Unites States of America. BKD LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008, has issued an attestation report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Such attestation report expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Information regarding "Directors and Executive Officers" is set forth under the headings "Business of the Meeting - Information With Respect to Nominees" and "Management" of the Company's 2009 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement ("Proxy Statement") and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act" is set forth under the section "Compliance with Section 16 (a) Filing Requirements" of the Company's Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding the Company's audit committee financial expert is set forth under the heading "Meetings and Committees of Board of Directors - Committee Membership" in the Company's Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference. Consistent with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Company has a Code of Ethics applicable to senior financial officers including the principal executive officer. The Code of Ethics can be accessed electronically by visiting the Company's website at www.glacierbancorp.com. The Code of Ethics is also listed as Exhibit 14 to this report, and is incorporated by reference to the Company's 2003 annual report Form 10K. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Information regarding "Executive Compensation" is set forth under the headings "Compensation of Directors" and "Executive Compensation" of the Company's Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 92
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS Information regarding "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" is set forth under the headings "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" of the Company's Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE Information regarding "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence" is set forth under the heading "Transactions with Management" and "Corporate Governance - Director Independence" of the Company's Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES Information regarding "Principal Accounting Fees and Services" is set forth under the heading "Registered Public Accountants" of the Company's Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) (1) and (2) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules The financial statements and related documents listed in the index set forth in Item 8 of this report are filed as part of this report. All other schedules to the consolidated financial statements required by Regulation S-X are omitted because they are not applicable, not material or because the information is included in the consolidated financial statements or related notes. 93
(1) The following exhibits are included as part of this Form 10-K: <TABLE> <CAPTION> EXHIBIT NO. EXHIBIT - ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ <S> <C> 3(a) Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (1) 3(b) Amended and Restated Bylaws (1) 10(a)* Amended and Restated 1995 Employee Stock Option Plan and related agreements (2) 10(b)* Amended and Restated 1994 Director Stock Option Plan and related agreements (2) 10(c)* Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan effective January 1, 2005 10(d)* Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement 10(e)* 2005 Stock Incentive Plan and related agreements (3) 10(f)* Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2009 between the Company, Glacier Bancorp, Inc. and Michael J. Blodnick (4) 10(g)* Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2009 between the Company, vGlacier Bancorp, Inc. and Ron J. Copher (5) 10(h)* Employment Agreement date January 1, 2009 between the Company, Glacier Bancorp, Inc. and Don Chery (5) 10(i)* Employment agreement dated January 1, 2009, between Mountain West Bank and Jon W. Hippler (5) 14 Code of Ethics (6) 21 Subsidiaries of the Company (See item 1, "Subsidiaries") 23 Consent of BKD LLP 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002 </TABLE> (1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.i. and 3.ii included in the Company's Quarterly Report on form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. (2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 - 99.4 of the Company's S-8 Registration Statement (No. 333-105995). (3) Incorporated by reference to exhibits 99.1 through 99.3 of the Company's S-8 Registration Statement (No. 333-125024). (4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1 included in the Company's Form 8-K/A filed by the Company on January 1, 2009. (5) Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.2 through 10.4 included in the Company's Form 8-K filed by the Company on December 23, 2008. (6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14, included in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. * Compensatory Plan or Arrangement 94
SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 27, 2009. GLACIER BANCORP, INC. By: /s/ Michael J. Blodnick ------------------------------------ Michael J. Blodnick President/CEO/Director Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below on February 27, 2009, by the following persons in the capacities indicated. <TABLE> <S> <C> /s/ Michael J. Blodnick President, CEO, and Director - --------------------------------------- (Principal Executive Officer) Michael J. Blodnick /s/ Ron J. Copher Senior Vice President and CFO - --------------------------------------- (Principal Financial Accounting Officer) Ron J. Copher Board of Directors /s/ Everit A. Sliter Chairman - --------------------------------------- Everit A. Sliter /s/ James M. English Director - --------------------------------------- James M. English /s/ Allen Fetscher Director - --------------------------------------- Allen J. Fetscher /s/ Dallas I. Herron Director - --------------------------------------- Dallas I. Herron /s/ Jon W. Hippler Director - --------------------------------------- Jon W. Hippler /s/ Craig A. Langel Director - --------------------------------------- Craig A. Langel /s/ L. Peter Larson Director - --------------------------------------- L. Peter Larson /s/ Douglas J. McBride Director - --------------------------------------- Douglas J. McBride /s/ John W. Murdoch Director - --------------------------------------- John W. Murdoch </TABLE> 95