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Global Net Lease
GNL
#4642
Rank
$2.16 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$9.78
Share price
1.77%
Change (1 day)
45.32%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿ  Real estate๐Ÿ’ฐ Investment ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ REITs
Categories
  1. Global Net Lease
  2. Annual Reports (10-K)
  3. Financial Year 2024

Global Net Lease - 10-K annual report 2024


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
For the transition period from _________ to __________
Commission file number: 001-37390
image3a12.gif
Global Net Lease, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland  45-2771978
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
650 Fifth Ave., 30th Floor, New York, NY                 10019
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (332) 265-2020
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolsName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per shareGNLNew York Stock Exchange
7.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per shareGNL PR ANew York Stock Exchange
6.875% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per shareGNL PR BNew York Stock Exchange
7.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per shareGNL PR DNew York Stock Exchange
7.375% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per shareGNL PR ENew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1.7 billion based on the closing sales price on the New York Stock Exchange as of June 30, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
As of February 24, 2025, the registrant had 230,783,453 shares of common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the registrant’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. The registrant intends to file its proxy statement within 120 days after its fiscal year end.

GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

FORM 10-K
Year Ended December 31, 2024


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Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of Global Net Lease, Inc. (“we,” “our,” or “us”) and members of our management team, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based, and generally are identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “potential,” “predicts,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “would,” “could,” “should” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. We believe these forward-looking statements are reasonable; however, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based on current expectations. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, unless required by law. We intend that all forward-looking statements be subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the PSLRA.
These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include the risks that any potential future acquisition or disposition (including the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition (as defined below)) by the Company is subject to market conditions, capital availability and timing considerations and may not be identified or completed on favorable terms, or at all. Some of the risks and uncertainties, although not all risks and uncertainties, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements are set forth in “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K), “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” (Part II, Item 7A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K), and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K).









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PART I
Item 1. Business.
Overview
We are an internally managed real estate investment trust (“REIT) for United States (“U.S.”) federal income tax purposes that focuses on acquiring and managing a global portfolio of income producing net lease assets across the U.S., and Western and Northern Europe. Historically, we focused on acquiring and managing a globally diversified portfolio of strategically-located commercial real estate properties, which consisted primarily of mission-critical, single tenant net-lease assets. As a result of acquiring RTL in the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we acquired a diversified portfolio of 989 properties consisting of primarily necessity-based retail single-tenant and multi-tenant properties located in the U.S. Until September 12, 2023, we were managed by Global Net Lease Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”), who managed our day-to-day business with the assistance of the property manager, Global Net Lease Properties, LLC (the “Property Manager”), who managed and leased our properties to third parties. Prior to September 12, 2023, the former Advisor and the Property Manager were under common control with AR Global Investments, LLC (“AR Global”), and these related parties had historically received compensation and fees for various services provided to us. On September 12, 2023, we internalized our advisory and property management functions as well as the advisory and property management functions of RTL. For additional information on the acquisition of RTL and the internalization of our advisory and property management services and RTL’s advisory and property management functions, see Note 3 — The Mergers and Note 12 — Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As of December 31, 2024, we owned 1,121 properties consisting of 60.7 million rentable square feet, which were 97% leased, with a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.2 years. Based on the percentage of annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, approximately 80% of our properties were located in the U.S. and Canada and approximately 20% were located in Europe. In addition, as of December 31, 2024, our portfolio was comprised of 34% Industrial & Distribution properties, 28% Multi-Tenant retail properties, 21% Single-Tenant Retail properties and 17% Office properties. These represent our four reportable segments and the percentages are calculated using annualized straight-line rent converted from local currency into the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) as of December 31, 2024. The straight-line rent includes amounts for tenant concessions.
The Acquisition of The Necessity Retail REIT and the Internalization
As noted above, on September 12, 2023 (the “Acquisition Date”), the REIT Merger and the Internalization Merger (both as defined in Note 3 — The Mergers to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) were consummated (collectively, the “Mergers”). See Note 3 — The Mergers to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Investment Strategy
Our current strategic focus has been on reducing our leverage through select dispositions, prioritizing non-core assets and opportunistic sales. On a long-term basis, we seek to:
•generate stable and consistent cash flows by acquiring properties, or entering into new leases, with long lease terms;
•acquire properties utilizing a well-defined investment strategy and rigorous underwriting process to identify and select high-quality net lease investment opportunities;
•lease properties to tenants with logistical and local advantages, strong operating performance, strong business financials, financial visibility, and corporate-level profitability;
•enter into new leases with contractual rent escalations or inflation adjustments included in the lease terms; and
•enhance the diversity of our asset base by continuously evaluating opportunities in different geographic regions of the U.S., Canada, and Europe.     
In evaluating prospective investments, we consider relevant real estate and financial factors, including the location of the property, the leases and other agreements affecting it, the creditworthiness of its major tenants, its income producing capacity, its physical condition, its prospects for appreciation and liquidity, tax considerations and other factors. In this regard, we have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific investments, subject to approval for certain investments by and any guidelines established by our board of directors (the “Board”) or the Finance Committee of the Board. We may change our business strategy, including the assets we seek to acquire, in the absolute discretion of our Board.
We may also originate or acquire first mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity or securitized loans (secured by real estate) but do not currently own any of these asset types.
We own assets located in ten countries and territories. As of December 31, 2024, we leased space to 705 different tenants doing business across 90 different industries. As of December 31, 2024, no industry represented more than 10% of our portfolio’s rental income on a straight-line basis and our portfolio was 97% occupied.
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Tenants and Leasing
We are focused over the long term on acquiring strategically located properties in the U.S. and strong sovereign debt rated countries in Western and Northern Europe. Over the short term, we remain focused on managing our leverage, which we expect will include strategic or opportunistic dispositions. Over the course of calendar year 2024 we closed transactions for the sale of an aggregate of approximately $835.0 million of assets under our 2024 strategic disposition initiative. We continuously monitor improving or deteriorating credit quality for asset management opportunities which we review in-house using Moody’s Analytics.
Our single-tenant properties and our multi-tenant anchor spaces are leased to primarily “Investment Grade” rated tenants in well established markets in the U.S. and Europe. For our purposes, “Investment Grade” for our properties includes both actual investment grade ratings of the tenant or guarantor, if available, or implied investment grade. Implied investment grade may include actual ratings of the tenant parent, guarantor parent (regardless of whether or not the parent has guaranteed the tenant’s obligation under the lease) or tenants that are identified as investment grade by using a proprietary Moody’s Analytics tool, which generates an implied rating by measuring an entity’s probability of default. Ratings information is as of December 31, 2024. A total of 60.5% of our rental income on an annualized straight-line basis for leases in place as of December 31, 2024 was derived from Investment Grade rated tenants, comprised of 31.4% leased to tenants with an actual investment grade rating and 29.1% leased to tenants with an implied investment grade rating.
As of December 31, 2024, our portfolio had a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.2 years (based on square feet as of the last day of the applicable quarter), as compared to 6.8 years as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 81% of our leases with our tenants contained rent escalation provisions that increase the cash rent that is due over time by an average cumulative increase of 1.3% per year. For additional information, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - “Inflation” found later in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our business is generally not seasonal.
Financing Strategies and Policies
We use various sources to fund our business including acquisitions and other investments as well as property and tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other working capital needs. In addition to cash flows from operations, other sources of capital which we have used and may use in the future include, proceeds received from our senior unsecured multi-currency credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility), proceeds from secured or unsecured financings (which may include note issuances), proceeds from offerings of equity securities, including offerings of our Preferred Stock and offerings pursuant to our at-the-market programs and proceeds from any future sales of properties.
We expect to incur additional indebtedness in the future and issue additional equity to fund our future needs including acquisitions. The form of our indebtedness will vary and could be long-term or short-term, secured or unsecured, or fixed-rate or floating rate. We will not enter into interest rate swaps or caps, or similar hedging transactions or derivative arrangements for speculative purposes, but have entered into, and expect to continue to enter into, these types of transactions in order to manage or mitigate our interest rate risk on variable rate debt. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” herein for further discussion.
As noted above, our Board may reevaluate and change our investment and financing policies in its sole discretion without a stockholder vote. Factors that we would consider when reevaluating or changing our investment and financing policies include among other things, current economic conditions, the relative cost and availability of debt and equity capital, our expected investment opportunities, and the ability of our investments to generate sufficient cash flow.
Organizational Structure
Substantially all of our business is conducted through Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “OP”), a Delaware limited partnership, and The Necessity Retail REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (“RTL OP,” and together with the OP, the “OPs”) and each of their wholly-own subsidiaries.
Tax Status
We elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. We believe that, commencing with such taxable year, we have been organized and have operated in a manner so that we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code. We intend to continue to operate in such a manner to qualify for taxation as a REIT, but can provide no assurances that we will operate in a manner so as to remain qualified as a REIT. To continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)), determined without regard for the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and must comply with a number of other organizational and operational requirements. If we continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state, and local taxes on our income and properties, and federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
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In addition, our international assets and operations, including those owned through direct or indirect subsidiaries that are disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.
Competition
The commercial real estate market is highly competitive. We compete for tenants in all of our markets based on various factors that include location, rental rates, security, suitability of the property’s design for a tenant’s needs and the manner in which the property is operated and marketed. The number of competing properties in a particular market could have a material effect on our occupancy levels, rental rates and on the operating expenses of certain of our properties.
In addition, we compete for acquisitions with other REITs, specialty finance companies, savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, mutual funds and other entities. Some of these competitors, including larger REITs, have greater financial resources than we have and generally may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the creditworthiness of tenants.
Competition from these and other third-party real estate investors may limit the number of suitable investment opportunities available to us and increase prices which will lower yields, making it more difficult for us to acquire new investments on attractive terms.
Regulations - General
Our investments are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws, ordinances and regulations, including, among other things, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, zoning regulations, land use controls, environmental controls relating to air and water quality, noise pollution and indirect environmental impacts such as increased motor vehicle activity. We believe that we have all permits and approvals necessary under current law to operate our investments. These regulations have not and are not expected to have a material impact on our capital expenditures, competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.
Regulations - Environmental
As an owner of real estate, we are subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments and foreign governments at various levels. Compliance with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, competitive position, financial condition or results of operations, and management does not believe it will have such an impact in the current fiscal year. However, we cannot predict the impact of unforeseen environmental contingencies or new or changed laws or regulations on properties in which we hold an interest, or on properties that may be acquired directly or indirectly in the future. As part of our efforts to mitigate these risks, we typically engage third parties to perform assessments of potential environmental risks when evaluating a new acquisition of property, and we frequently require sellers to address them before closing or obtain contractual protection (indemnities, cash reserves, letters of credit, or other instruments) from property sellers, tenants, a tenant’s parent company, or another third party to address known or potential environmental issues in the current fiscal year.
Employees and Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, we had 73 employees located across the United States (69 employees) and Europe (four employees).
None of our employees is represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe we enjoy good relationships with our employees. Our human capital resources objectives center around employee engagement, fostering our culture, and leadership development in order to attract and retain talented and well-qualified employees. Our compensation program, including competitive salaries and other benefits, are designed to attract, hire, retain and motivate highly qualified employees and executives. We strive to recognize and reward noteworthy performance, evaluated through periodic reviews with each employee. We also offer training and development opportunities for our employees. In 2024, we offered training and development for our employees, which included anti-harassment training, cybersecurity training, and site manager training.
Available Information
We electronically file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, and proxy statements, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Internet address at http://www.sec.gov. The website contains reports, proxy statements and information statements, and other information, which you may obtain free of charge. In addition, copies of our filings with the SEC may be obtained from our website at www.globalnetlease.com. Access to these filings is free of charge. We are not incorporating our website or any information from the website into this Form 10-K.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Set forth below are the risk factors that we believe are material to our investors and a summary thereof. The occurrence of any of the risks discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay dividends and they may also impact the trading price of our common and our preferred stock. The risk factors contained herein are not necessarily comprehensive and we may be subject to other risks.
Summary Risk Factors
•We may be unable to enter into contracts for and complete property acquisitions or dispositions on advantageous terms and our property acquisitions may not perform as we expect.
•Our ability to grow depends on our ability to access additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms, and there can be no assurance we will be able to so on favorable terms or at all.
•Certain of the agreements governing our indebtedness may limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), our 7.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”), our 6.875% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), our 7.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Series D Preferred Stock”), our 7.375% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 (“Series E Preferred Stock”, together with the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series D Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), or any other equity securities we may issue.
•If we are not able to generate sufficient cash from operations, we may have to reduce the amount of dividends we pay or identify other financing sources.
•Market and economic challenges experienced by the U.S. and global economies may adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.
•We are subject to risks associated with our international investments, including compliance with and changes in foreign laws and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
•Inflation and continuing increases in the inflation rate will have an adverse effect on our investments and results of operations.
•We have substantial indebtedness and we may incur significant additional indebtedness and other liabilities. Changes in the debt markets could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and financial condition.
•We depend on tenants for our rental revenue and, accordingly, our rental revenue depends upon the success and economic viability of our tenants. If a tenant or lease guarantor declares bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, we may be unable to collect balances due under relevant leases.
•Retail conditions and decreased demand for office space may adversely affect our rental revenues.
•In owning properties we may experience, among other things, unforeseen costs associated with complying with laws and regulations, including those related to environmental matters, and other costs, potential difficulties selling properties and potential damages or losses resulting from climate change.
•Restrictions on share ownership contained in our charter may inhibit market activity in shares of our stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.
•We are subject to risks associated with a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of a contagious disease, which can cause severe disruptions in the U.S., and global economy.
•We may fail to continue to qualify as a REIT.


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Risks Related to Our Properties and Operations

We may be unable to enter into contracts for and complete property acquisitions or dispositions on advantageous terms and our property acquisitions may not perform as we expect.
In the near term, we expect to continue to focus on disposing properties to reduce our existing indebtedness. On February 25, 2025, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“RCG PSA”) with certain affiliates of RCG Ventures Holdings, LLC (“RCG”), to sell a real estate portfolio comprised of 100 multi-tenant retail centers located in 28 states for a base purchase price of approximately $1.78 billion, subject to customary purchase price adjustments (“RCG Multi-tenant Retail Disposition”). Over the longer term, we expect to continue acquiring properties, which may include single-tenant or multi-tenant properties. For additional information on the proposed RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Pending Transactions – RCG Multi-tenant Retail Disposition” herein. There is no assurance that we will be able to dispose of properties on terms that are found favorable to us or at the time we wish to do so. In addition, we may not have funds available to correct defects or make improvements that are necessary or desirable before the sale of a property. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. Furthermore, as a REIT, our ability to sell properties that have been held for less than two years is limited as any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of such property could be subject to the 100% prohibited transaction tax, as discussed in more detail below. We also may not recognize the anticipated benefits of completed dispositions or other divestitures we may pursue in the future.
Over the longer term, we expect to continue acquiring properties, including both single-tenant and multi-tenant properties. Pursuing our longer term investment objective exposes us to numerous risks, including:
•competition from other real estate investors with significant capital resources;
•we may acquire properties that are not accretive or dispose of properties at prices less than we originally contemplated;
•we may not successfully integrate, manage and lease the properties we acquire to meet our expectations or market conditions may result in future vacancies and lower-than expected rental rates;
•we may be unable to obtain debt financing or raise equity required to fund acquisitions on favorable terms, or at all;
•we may need to spend more than budgeted amounts to make necessary improvements or renovations to acquired properties;
•agreements to acquire properties are typically subject to customary conditions to closing that may or may not be completed, and we may spend significant time and money on potential acquisitions that we do not consummate;
•the process of acquiring or pursuing the acquisition of a new property may divert the attention of our management team from our existing business operations; and
•we may acquire properties without recourse, or with only limited recourse, for liabilities, whether known or unknown.
Our ability to grow our assets depends on our ability to access capital from external sources, and there can be no assurance we will be able to so on favorable terms or at all.
In order to meet our strategic goals, which include acquiring additional properties, we will need to access sources of capital beyond the cash we generate from our operations. Our access to capital depends, in part, on:
• general market conditions;
• the market’s perception of our assets and growth potential;
• our current and expected debt levels;
• our current and expected future earnings, cash flow and dividend payments;
•market price per share of our Common Stock and Preferred Stock, and any other class or series of equity security we may seek to issue.
Historically, there have been periods where the global equity and credit markets have experienced significant price volatility, dislocations and liquidity disruptions, which have caused market prices of equity and debt securities to fluctuate substantially and the spreads on prospective debt financings to widen considerably. These circumstances have recently materially impacted liquidity in the financial markets, making terms for certain financings less attractive, and in certain cases have resulted in the unavailability of certain types of financing. These factors may make it more difficult for us to buy or sell properties and may adversely affect the price we purchase or receive for properties, as we and prospective buyers may experience increased costs of financing or difficulties in obtaining financing. These events in the equity and credit markets may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities.
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We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain debt financing or raise equity on terms favorable or acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to do so, our ability to successfully pursue our long-term strategy of growth through property acquisitions will be limited.
If we are not able to increase the amount of cash we have available to pay dividends, we may have to reduce dividend payments or identify other financing sources to fund the payment of dividends at their current levels.
We cannot guarantee that we will be able to pay dividends on a regular basis on our Common Stock, Preferred Stock or any other class or series of stock we may issue in the future. Any accrued and unpaid dividends payable with respect to our Preferred Stock must be paid upon redemption of those shares. Decisions regarding the frequency and amount of any future dividends we pay on our Common Stock will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of our Board, which reserves the right to change our dividend policy at any time and for any reason.
As noted herein, our debt agreements, including the indentures governing the 4.50% Senior Notes and the 3.75% Senior Notes (collectively, our “Senior Notes”) as well as our Credit Agreement, which consists of our senior unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), contain various covenants that limit our ability to pay dividends. For example, our Credit Agreement prohibits us from paying distributions, including cash dividends payable on our Common Stock, Preferred Stock or any other class or series of stock we may issue in the future, or redeem or otherwise repurchase shares of any of these outstanding securities, or any other class or series of stock we may issue in the future, that exceed 100% of our Adjusted FFO as defined in the Credit Agreement (which is different from the definition of AFFO disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, except in limited circumstances, including that for one fiscal quarter in each calendar year, we may pay cash dividends and other distributions and make redemptions and other repurchases in an aggregate amount equal to no more than 105% of our Adjusted FFO. We have used this exception in the past and may need to do so in the future.
Our ability to pay dividends in the future and comply with the restrictions on the payment of dividends depends on our ability to operate profitably and to generate sufficient cash flows from the operations of our existing properties and any properties we may acquire. In the past, the lenders under our Credit Agreement have consented to increase the maximum amount of our Adjusted FFO we may use to pay cash dividends and other distributions and make redemptions and other repurchases in certain periods. There can be no assurance that they will do so again in the future if we need to do so.
Our cash flows provided by operations were $299.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. During this period, we paid total dividends of $316.3 million, including payments to holders of our Common Stock, Preferred Stock and distributions to holders of LTIP Units. In prior periods, we have funded a larger portion of the amounts required to fund the dividends we pay from cash on hand, consisting of proceeds from borrowings, and we may need to do so in the future.
If we are not able to generate sufficient cash from operations, we may have to reduce the amount of dividends we pay or identify other financing sources. There can be no assurance that other sources will be available on favorable terms, or at all. Funding dividends from other sources such as borrowings, asset sales or equity issuances limits the amount we can use for property acquisitions, investments and other corporate purposes.
Market and economic challenges experienced by the U.S. and global economies may adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.
Our business may be affected by market and economic challenges experienced by the U.S. and global economies. These conditions may materially affect the commercial real estate industry, the businesses of our tenants and the value and performance of our properties and the availability or the terms of financing that we may utilize, among other things. Challenging economic conditions may also impact the ability of certain of our tenants to enter into new leasing transactions or satisfy rental payments under existing leases.
Our operating results and value of our properties are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate, including:
•changes in general, economic or local conditions;
•changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area;
•changes in interest rates and availability of mortgage financing on favorable terms, or at all;
•changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws;
•the possibility that one or more of our tenants will be unable to pay their rental obligations;
•decreased demand for our properties due to among other things, significant job losses that occur or may occur in the future, resulting in lower rents and occupancy levels;
•an increase in the number of bankruptcies or insolvency proceedings of our tenants and lease guarantors, which could delay or preclude our efforts to collect rent and any past due balances under the relevant leases;
•widening credit spreads as investors demand higher risk premiums, resulting in lenders increasing the cost for debt financing;
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•reduction in the amount of capital that is available to finance real estate, which, in turn, could lead to a decline in real estate values generally, slow real estate transaction activity, a reduction in the loan-to-value ratio upon which lenders are willing to lend, and difficulty refinancing our debt;
•a decrease in the market value of our properties, which may limit our ability to obtain debt financing;
•a need for us to establish significant provisions for losses or impairments;
•reduction in the value and liquidity of our short-term investments and increased volatility in market rates for such investments; and
•reduced cash flows from our operations due to changing exchange rates impacting conditions from our operations in continental Europe, the United Kingdom and Canada.
We are subject to additional risks from our international investments.
Based on the percentage of annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, 20% of our properties were located in Europe, primarily in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Finland, France, Germany, and the Channel Islands, and 80% of our properties were located in the U.S. and Canada. These investments may be affected by factors peculiar to the laws and business practices of the jurisdictions in which the properties are located. These laws and business practices may expose us to risks that are different from and in addition to those commonly found in the U.S. Foreign investments pose several risks, including the following:
•the ongoing uncertainties as a result of instability or changes in geopolitical conditions, including military or political conflicts, such as those caused by the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine or Israel and Hamas;
•the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws;
•changing governmental rules and policies, including changes in land use and zoning laws, more stringent environmental laws or changes in such laws;
•existing or new laws relating to the foreign ownership of real property or loans and laws restricting the ability of foreign persons or companies to remove profits earned from activities within the country to the person’s or company’s country of origin;
•the potential for expropriation;
•possible currency transfer restrictions;
•imposition of adverse or confiscatory taxes;
•changes in real estate and other tax rates and changes in other operating expenses in particular countries;
•possible challenges to the anticipated tax treatment of the structures that allow us to acquire and hold investments;
•adverse market conditions caused by terrorism, civil unrest and changes in national or local governmental or economic conditions;
•the willingness of domestic or foreign lenders to make loans in certain countries and changes in the availability, cost and terms of loan funds resulting from varying national economic policies;
•general political and economic instability in certain regions; and
•the potential difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries.
The failure of our operating infrastructure to support such international investments, could result in operational failures, regulatory fines, or other governmental sanctions. We may engage third-party asset managers in international jurisdictions to monitor compliance with legal requirements and lending agreements. Failure to comply with applicable requirements may expose us, our operating subsidiaries, or the entities we manage to additional liabilities.
Investments in properties or other real estate investments outside the U.S. subject us to foreign currency risk.
Investments we make outside the U.S. are generally subject to foreign currency risk due to fluctuations in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the USD. Revenues generated from properties or other real estate investments located in foreign countries are generally denominated in the local currency but reflected as USD on our consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2024, we had $2.3 billion ($2.2 billion and €74.0 million) of gross mortgage notes payable. Further, as of December 31, 2024, we had $1.4 billion ($0.5 billion, £344.0 million, €422.1 million and C$38.0 million) in outstanding debt under the Revolving Credit Facility.
We may continue to borrow in foreign currencies when purchasing properties located outside the Unites States, including draws under our Revolving Credit Facility. Changes in exchange rates of any of these foreign currencies to USD may affect our revenues, operating margins and the amount of cash generated by these properties and the amount of cash we have available to pay dividends. We are generally a net receiver of these foreign currencies (we receive more cash than we pay out), and therefore our results of operations of our foreign properties benefit from a weaker USD, and are adversely affected by a stronger USD, relative to the foreign currency. Any positive impact to revenue from tenants in prior years from a weaker USD
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may not continue in the future. Changes to exchange rates have affected and may continue to affect the book value of our assets and the amount of stockholders’ equity.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may impact the value of our assets. These changes may adversely affect our status as a REIT. Foreign exchange rates may be influenced by many factors, including:
•changing supply and demand for a particular currency;
•the prevailing interest rates in one country as compared to another country;
•monetary policies of governments (including exchange control programs, restrictions on local exchanges or markets and limitations on foreign investment in a country or an investment by residents of a country in other countries);
•trade restrictions and other factors that could lead to changes in balances of payments and trade; and
•currency devaluations and revaluations.
Also, governments from time to time intervene in the currency markets, directly and by regulation, in order to influence exchange rates. These events and actions are unpredictable.
We have used and may continue to use foreign currency derivatives, including options, currency forward and cross currency swap agreements, to manage a portion of our exposure to fluctuations in GBP-USD and EUR-USD exchange rates, but there can be no assurance our hedging strategy will be successful. If we fail to effectively hedge our currency exposure, or if we experience other losses related to our exposure to foreign currencies, our operating results could be negatively impacted and cash flows could be reduced.
A major tenant default may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
The value of our investment in real estate assets is historically driven by the credit quality of the underlying tenant, and an adverse change in a major tenant’s financial condition or a decline in the credit rating of such tenant may result in a decline in the value of our investments. No single tenant accounted for 5% or more of our consolidated annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, however this may change in the future.
A high concentration of our properties in a particular geographic area magnifies the effects of downturns in that geographic area and could have a disproportionate adverse effect on the value of our investments and results of operations.
As of December 31, 2024, the following countries and states accounted for 5% or more of our consolidated annualized rental income on a straight-line basis:
Country December 31, 2024
European Countries:
United Kingdom10%
Other European Countries10%
Total European Countries20%
United States and Canada:
Michigan9%
Ohio6%
Texas6%
North Carolina5%
Other States and Canada54%
Total United States and Canada80%
Total 100%
Likewise, a high concentration of our tenants in a similar industry magnifies the effects of downturns in that industry and would have a disproportionate adverse effect on the value of investments and results of operations.
If tenants of our properties are concentrated in a certain industry category, any adverse effect to that industry generally would have a disproportionately adverse effect on our portfolio. As of December 31, 2024, the following industries had concentrations of properties accounting for 5.0% or more of our consolidated annualized rental income on a straight-line basis:

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IndustryDecember 31, 2024
Financial Services7%
Auto Manufacturing6%
Discount Retail6%
Specialty Retail5%
Healthcare5%
Any adverse situation that disproportionately affects the industries listed above may have a magnified adverse effect on our portfolio.
The inability of a tenant in single-tenant properties to pay rent will materially reduce our revenues.
Presently, the majority of our properties are occupied by single tenants and, therefore, the success of our investments is materially dependent on the financial stability of these individual tenants. Many of our single tenant leases require that certain property level operating expenses and capital expenditures, such as real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance and repairs (other than, in certain circumstances structural repairs, such as repairs to the foundation, exterior walls and rooftops) including increases with respect thereto, be paid, or reimbursed to us, by our tenants. A default of any tenant on its lease payments to us would cause us to lose the revenue from the property and potentially increase our expenses and cause us to have to find an alternative source of revenue to fund related debt payment and prevent a foreclosure if the property is subject to a mortgage. We may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment including potentially leasing the property to a new tenant. If a lease is terminated, there is no assurance that we will be able to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss. A default by a tenant, the failure of a guarantor to fulfill its obligations or other premature termination of a lease, or a tenant’s election not to extend a lease upon its expiration, could have an adverse effect.
Single-tenant properties may be difficult to sell or re-lease.
If a lease for one of our single-tenant properties is terminated or not renewed or, in the case of a mortgage loan, if we take possession through a foreclosure action, we may be required to renovate the property or to make rent concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant or sell the property. Additionally, if we cannot obtain another tenant with comparable building structural space and configuration needs, we may be required to modify the property for a different use, which may involve a significant capital expenditure and a delay in re-leasing the property. Some of our properties are “special use single-tenant properties” that may be relatively illiquid compared to other types of real estate and financial assets limiting our ability to quickly change our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
There is no assurance that we could obtain a substitute tenant on acceptable terms. These and other limitations may adversely affect the cash flows from, lead to a decline in value of or eliminate the return on investment of, our single-tenant properties.
Our real estate investments are generally illiquid which could significantly impede our ability to respond to market conditions or adverse changes in the performance of our tenants or our properties and which would harm our financial condition.
Our investments are relatively difficult to sell quickly. As a result of this illiquidity, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial or investment conditions is limited. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We may be unable to realize our investment objective by sale, other disposition or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. In particular, these risks could arise from weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes adversely affecting the tenant of a property, changes adversely affecting the area in which a particular property is located, adverse changes in the financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers and changes in local, national or international economic conditions.
In addition, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), imposes restrictions on a REIT's ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs effectively require that we hold our properties for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forgo or defer sales of properties that otherwise would be in our best interest. Therefore, we may not be able to vary our portfolio in response to economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms.
Retail conditions and decreased demand for office space may adversely affect our revenues.
Approximately 28% of our annualized straight-line rent (calculated as of December 31, 2024) is attributable to our Multi-Tenant Retail segment. The market for retail space has been and could be adversely affected by weaknesses in the national, regional and local economies, the adverse financial condition of anchored shopping centers and other large retailing companies, the ongoing consolidation in the retail and grocery sector, changes in consumer preferences and spending, excess amounts of retail space in a number of markets and competition for tenants in the markets, as well as the increasing use of the Internet by
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retailers and consumers and adoption and use of mobile electronic devices by consumers. Customer traffic to these shopping areas may be adversely affected by the closing of stores in the same multi-tenant property, or by a reduction in traffic to these stores resulting from a regional economic downturn, a general downturn in the local area where our property is located, or a decline in the desirability of the shopping environment of a particular retail property.
Revenue generated by a retail property and its value may be adversely affected by negative perceptions of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the property. The majority of our leases in the Multi-Tenant Retail sector require the tenant to pay base rent plus contractual base rent increases but these base increases may not be sufficient to fund increased expenses or may still be below market rates.
In addition, approximately 17% of our annualized straight-line rent (calculated as of December 31, 2024) is attributable to our Office segment. In recent years, the market for office space has seen a shift in the use of space due to the widespread practices of telecommuting, videoconferencing, and renting shared workspaces, which accelerated at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. These trends have led, and may in the future lead, to more efficient office layouts and a decrease in square feet leased per employee. The impact of alternative workspaces and technology could result in tenant downsizings upon renewal, or tenants seeking office space outside of typical central business districts. These trends could cause an increase in vacancy rates at office buildings and a decrease in demand for new supply, and could materially and adversely affect us.
A shift in retail shopping from brick-and-mortar stores to online shopping may have an adverse impact on our Multi-Tenant Retail segment tenants.
Many retailers operating brick and mortar stores have made online sales a piece of their business. There can be no assurance that our Multi-Tenant Retail segment strategy of building a diverse portfolio focused on properties leased to necessity-based, service retail and experiential retail tenants, will insulate us from the effects online commerce has had on some retail operators. The shift to online shopping, including online orders for immediate delivery or pickup in store, has further accelerated, and may cause further declines in brick-and-mortar sales generated by retail tenants and may cause certain of our tenants to reduce the size or number of their retail locations. Our grocery store tenants are incorporating e-commerce concepts through home delivery or curbside pickup, which could reduce foot traffic at our properties and reduce the demand for these properties. Traditional grocery chains are also subject to increasing competition from new market participants and food retailers who have incorporated the Internet as a direct-to-consumer channel and Internet-only retailers that sell grocery products. Such increased competition from non-traditional competitors, some of which may have different business models and larger profit margins, could lead to a deterioration in our tenants’ businesses. This shift may adversely affect our occupancy and rental rates, which would affect our revenues and cash flows. Changes in shopping trends as a result of the growth in e-commerce may also affect the profitability of retailers that do not adapt to changes in market conditions. These conditions may adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows if we are unable to meet the needs of our tenants or if our tenants encounter financial difficulties as a result of changing market conditions. We cannot predict with certainty the future needs or wants tenants, what retail spaces will look like, or how much revenue will be generated at traditional brick and mortar locations. If we are unable to anticipate and respond promptly to trends in the market (such as space for a drive through or curbside pickup), our occupancy levels and rental rates may decline in our Multi-Tenant Retail segment.
Our revenue in our Multi-Tenant Retail segment is impacted by the success and economic viability of our anchor retail tenants. Our reliance on single or significant tenants in certain buildings may decrease our ability to lease vacated space.
Any anchor tenant, which we define as a tenant that occupies over 10,000 square feet of one of our Multi-Tenant Retail properties, may become insolvent, may suffer a downturn in its business, or may decide not to renew its lease. Any of these events would likely result in the tenant reducing, or ceasing to make, rental payments. In addition to the impact on rental payments, any tenant experiencing a downturn in its business, including as a result of adverse economic conditions, may choose to delay lease commencement, fail to make rental payments when due, decline to extend a lease upon its expiration, become insolvent or declare bankruptcy. A lease termination by an anchor tenant could result in lease terminations or reductions in rent payments by other tenants whose leases permit cancellation or rent reduction if another tenant’s lease is terminated.
We own properties where the tenants may have rights to terminate their leases if certain other tenants are no longer open for business. These “co-tenancy” provisions also exist in some leases where we own a portion of a retail property and one or more of the anchor tenants lease space in that portion of the center not owned or controlled by us. If these tenants were to vacate their space, tenants with co-tenancy provisions would have the right to terminate their leases or seek a rent reduction. Even if co-tenancy rights do not exist, other tenants may experience downturns in their businesses that could threaten their ongoing ability to continue paying rent and remain solvent. In such event, we may be unable to re-lease the vacated space at attractive rents or at all. In some cases, it may take extended periods of time to re-lease a space, particularly one previously occupied by a major tenant or non-owned anchor. Additionally, tenants are involved in mergers or acquisitions with or by third parties or undertake other restructurings may choose to consolidate, downsize or relocate operations, resulting in terminating or not renewing their leases with us or vacating the leases premises. The transfer to a new anchor tenant, or the bankruptcy, insolvency or downturn in business of any of our anchor tenants, could cause customer traffic in the retail center to decrease and thereby reduce the income generated by that retail center. Many expenses associated with properties (such as operating expenses and capital expenses) cannot be reduced, and may even increase due to inflation or otherwise, in the case of a termination. A lease
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transfer to a new anchor tenant could also allow other tenants to make reduced rental payments or to terminate their leases at the retail center.
If an anchor tenant vacates its space for any reason and we are unable to re-lease the vacated space to a new anchor tenant, we may incur additional expenses in order to remodel the space to be able to re-lease the space to more than one tenant. There can be no assurance that any re-leasing of a vacated space, either to a single new anchor tenant or to more than one tenant, will be on comparable terms to the prior lease, which could adversely affect our cash flow.

A sale-leaseback transaction may be recharacterized in a tenant’s bankruptcy proceeding.
We have entered and may continue to enter into sale-leaseback transactions, in which we purchase a property and then lease the same property back to the seller, who then becomes a tenant. In a bankruptcy of a tenant, a transaction structured as a sale-leaseback may be recharacterized as either a financing or a joint venture, either one of which may negatively impact us. If the transaction was recharacterized as a financing, we might not be considered the owner of the property, and as a result would have the status of a creditor. In that event, we would no longer have the right to sell or encumber our ownership interest in the property. Instead, we would have a claim against the tenant for the amounts owed under the lease. The tenant/debtor might have the ability to propose a plan restructuring the term, interest rate and amortization schedule. If confirmed by the bankruptcy court, we would be bound by the new terms. If the transaction was recharacterized as a joint venture, we would be treated as a joint venture partner with our tenant changing the nature of our legal relationship regarding the property. We could, for example, be held liable, under some circumstances, for debts incurred by the tenant relating to the property.
If a tenant or lease guarantor declares bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, we may be unable to collect balances due under relevant leases.
Any of our tenants, or any guarantor of a tenant’s lease obligations, could become insolvent or be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Title 11 of the United States Code. A bankruptcy filing of our tenants or any guarantor of a tenant’s lease obligations in the United States would result in a stay of all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from these entities or their assets, unless we receive an enabling order from the bankruptcy court. Post-bankruptcy debts would be required to be paid currently. If a lease is assumed by the tenant, all pre-bankruptcy balances owing under it must be paid in full. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would only have a general unsecured claim for damages. If a lease is rejected, it is unlikely we would receive any payments from the tenant because our claim is capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid as of the date of the bankruptcy filing (post-bankruptcy rent would be payable in full). This claim could be paid only if funds were available, and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims. There is no assurance the debtor in possession or bankruptcy trustee will assume the lease in a bankruptcy proceeding.
Highly leveraged tenants that experience downturns in their operating results due to adverse changes to their business may have a higher probability of filing for bankruptcy or insolvency. In bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings in the United States, a tenant may have the option of vacating a property instead of paying rent, reducing our revenues and limiting our options until the impacted property is released from the bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding.
A bankruptcy could delay efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums and may decrease or eliminate rental payments from the impacted tenant reducing our cash flow.
For any foreign tenant or lease guarantor, the tenant or lease guarantor could become insolvent or be subject to an insolvency or bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to a foreign jurisdiction instead of Title 11 of the United States Code. The effect of the insolvency or bankruptcy proceeding on us will depend in each case on the relevant jurisdiction and its own insolvency regime or code but in all events we will face difficulties in collecting amounts owed to us with respect to the applicable lease under these circumstances.
The credit profile of our tenants may create a higher risk of lease defaults and therefore lower revenues.
Based on annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, approximately 40% of our tenants were not evaluated or ranked by credit rating agencies, or were ranked below “investment grade,” which, for our purposes, includes both actual investment grade ratings of the tenant and “implied investment grade rating,” which includes ratings of the tenant’s parent (regardless of whether the parent has guaranteed the tenant’s obligation under the lease) or lease guarantor. The term “parent” for these purposes includes any entity, including any governmental entity owning more than 50% of the voting stock of the tenant. Implied Investment Grade ratings are also determined using a proprietary Moody’s Analytics tool, which creates an implied rating by measuring an entity’s probability of default. Leases with tenants that do not have an investment grade credit rating from a major ratings agency or were not rated and are not affiliated with companies having an investment grade credit rating may have a greater risk of default and bankruptcy than would long-term leases with tenants who have actual investment grade ratings. When we lease to, or acquire properties with, a tenant that does not have a publicly available credit rating, we will use certain credit assessment tools as well as rely on our own estimates of the tenant’s credit rating which includes reviewing the tenant’s financial information (e.g., financial ratios, net worth, revenue, cash flows, leverage and
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liquidity, if applicable). If our ratings estimates are inaccurate, the default or bankruptcy risk for the subject tenant may be greater than anticipated. If our lender or a credit rating agency disagrees with our ratings estimates, we may not be able to obtain our desired level of leverage or our financing costs may exceed those that we projected. This outcome could have an adverse impact on our returns on that asset and hence our operating results.
You should not rely solely on the credit ratings of our tenants.
Some of our tenants, guarantors and/or their parent or sponsor entities are rated by certain rating agencies. In certain instances, we may disclose the credit ratings of our tenants or their parent or sponsor entities even though those parent or sponsor entities are not liable for the obligations of the tenant or guarantor under the lease. Any such credit ratings are subject to ongoing evaluation by these credit rating agencies and we cannot assure you that any such ratings will not be changed or withdrawn by these rating agencies in the future if, in their judgment, circumstances warrant. A credit rating is not a guarantee and only reflects the rating agency’s opinion of an entity’s ability to meet its financial commitments, such as its payment obligations to us under the relevant lease, in accordance with their stated terms. A rating may ultimately prove not to accurately reflect the credit risk associated with a particular tenant, guarantor or its parent. Ratings are generally based upon information obtained directly from the entity being rated, without independent verification by the rating agency. If any such information contained a material misstatement or omitted a material fact, the rating based upon such information may not be appropriate. Ratings may be changed, qualified, suspended, placed on watch or withdrawn as a result of changes in, additions to or the accuracy of information, the unavailability of or inadequacy of information or for any other reason. No rating agency guarantees a tenant’s or, where applicable, its guarantor’s obligations to us. If a tenant’s or, where applicable, its guarantor’s rating is changed, qualified, suspended, placed on watch or withdrawn, such tenant or guarantor may be more likely to default in its obligations to us, and investors may view our cash flows as less stable. Additionally, if these rating agencies assign a lower-than-expected rating or reduce or withdraw, or indicate that they may reduce or withdraw, the credit rating of a tenant, guarantor or its parent entity, the value of our investment in any properties leased by such tenant could significantly decline.
Long-term leases may result in income lower than short term leases.
We generally seek to enter into long-term leases with our tenants. As of December 31, 2024, 20% of our annualized rental income on a straight-line basis was generated from leases with remaining lease terms of more than ten years. Leases of long duration, or with renewal options that specify a maximum rate increase, may not result in market rent over time if we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates.
As of December 31, 2024, approximately 19.5% of our annualized rental income on a straight-line basis was generated from leases that did not contain any rent escalation provisions, which impacts our ability to cover increased operating costs at properties with these leases. Further, properties leased subject to long term leases at below market rental rates will be less attractive to potential buyers, which could affect our ability to sell the property at an advantageous price.
Properties may have vacancies for a significant period.
A property may have vacancies either due to tenant defaults or the expiration of leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash available for things such as dividends. In addition, because the market value of a property depends principally on the cash generated by the property, the resale value of a property with prolonged vacancies could decline significantly.
We generally obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property and would therefore have only limited recourse if our due diligence did not identify any issues that lower the value of our property.
We have acquired, and may continue to acquire, properties in “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults,” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements we entered into may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property as well as the loss of rental income from that property.
We may be unable to secure funds for future tenant improvements or capital needs, which could impact the value of the applicable property or our ability to lease the applicable property on favorable terms.
If a tenant does not renew its lease or otherwise vacate its space, we likely will be required to expend substantial funds to improve and refurbish the vacated space. In addition, we will likely be responsible for any major structural repairs, such as repairs to the foundation, exterior walls and rooftops, even if our leases with tenants require tenants to pay routine property maintenance costs. We may have to obtain financing from sources such as borrowings, property sales or future equity offerings to fund these capital requirements. These sources of funding may not be available on attractive terms or at all. If we cannot procure additional funding for capital improvements, the value of the applicable property or our ability to lease space at the applicable property on favorable terms could be adversely impacted.
We have acquired or financed, and may continue to acquire or finance, properties with lock-out provisions which may prohibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties.
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Lock-out provisions typically include terms that provide strong financial disincentives for borrowers to prepay their outstanding loan balance and exist in order to protect the yield expectations of lenders, including by requiring a yield maintenance premium to be paid in connection with prepaying principal upon a sale or disposition. Certain mortgage loans we have entered into contain lock-out provisions prohibiting us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to any properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties. Lock-out provisions could also impair our ability to take other actions during the lock-out period that may otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control. Payment of yield maintenance premiums in connection with dispositions or refinancings could adversely affect our cash flow.
Rising expenses could reduce cash flow.
The properties that we own or may acquire are subject to operating risks common to real estate in general, any or all of which may negatively affect us. If any property is not fully occupied or if rents are being paid in an amount that is insufficient to cover operating expenses, we could be required to fund these expenses. Property expense may increase because of changes in tax rates, utility costs, operating expenses, insurance costs, repairs and maintenance and administrative expenses. Renewals of leases or future leases may not be negotiated on that basis, in which event we may have to pay these costs. If we are unable to lease properties on a triple-net-lease basis or on a basis requiring the tenants to pay all or some expenses, or if tenants fail to pay required tax, utility and other impositions, we could be required to pay these costs which would, among other things, limit the amount of funds we have available for other purposes, including to pay dividends or fund future acquisitions.
Real estate-related taxes may increase and if these increases are not passed on to tenants, our cash flow will be reduced.
Some local real property tax assessors may seek to reassess a property that we acquire, and, from time to time, our property taxes may increase as property values or assessment rates change or for other reasons deemed relevant by the assessors. An increase in the assessed valuation of a property for real estate tax purposes will result in an increase in the related real estate taxes on that property. There is no assurance that renewal leases or future leases will be negotiated on the same basis. Increases not passed through to tenants will adversely affect the cash flow generated by the impacted property.
We face significant competition for acquiring properties from both publicly traded REITs and private investors that have
greater resources than we do, which could materially and adversely affect us.
We face significant competition from other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including publicly traded and privately held REITs, private and institutional real estate investors, sovereign wealth funds, banks, insurance companies, investment banking firms, lenders, specialty finance companies, and other entities. Some of our competitors are larger and may have considerably greater financial, technical, leasing, underwriting, marketing, and other resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that may not be available to us. In addition, other competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments and may not be subject to the same operating constraints, including maintaining REIT status. This competition may result in fewer acquisitions, higher prices, lower yields, less desirable property types, and acceptance of greater risk. As a result, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to successfully execute our growth strategy. Any failure to grow through acquisitions as a result of the significant competition we face could materially and adversely affect us.
Our properties and our tenants may face competition that may affect tenants’ ability to pay rent.
Our properties typically are, and we expect properties we acquire in the future will be, located in developed areas. Therefore, there are and will be numerous other properties within the market area of each of our properties that will compete with us for tenants. The number of competitive properties could have a material effect on our ability to rent space at our properties and the amount of rents charged. We could be adversely affected if additional competitive properties are built in locations competitive with our properties, causing increased competition for customer traffic and creditworthy tenants. Tenants may also face competition from such properties if they are leased to tenants in a similar industry. For example, as of December 31, 2024, 49% of our properties, based on annualized rental income on a straight-line basis, were retail properties. Our retail tenants face competition from numerous retail channels such as discount or value retailers, factory outlet centers and wholesale clubs as well as from alternative retail channels, such as mail order catalogs and operators, television shopping networks and the internet. Competition that we face from other properties within our market areas, and competition our tenants face from tenants in such properties could result in decreased cash flow from tenants and may require us to make capital improvements to maintain competitiveness.
We may incur significant costs to comply with governmental laws and regulations, including those related to environmental matters.
All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations, and various foreign laws and regulations, relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. Environmental laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants,
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owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. This liability could be substantial. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly remediate them, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge a property as collateral for future borrowings. We may invest in properties located in countries that have adopted laws or observe environmental management standards that are less stringent than those generally followed in the United States, which may pose a greater risk that releases of hazardous or toxic substances have occurred. We therefore may own properties that have known or potential environmental contamination as a result of historical or ongoing operations, which may expose us to liabilities under environmental laws.
Additionally, some of the properties may contain asbestos or asbestos‐containing materials, or may contain or may develop mold or other bio‐contaminants. Asbestos‐containing materials must be handled, managed and removed in accordance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations. Mold and other bio‐contaminants can produce airborne toxins, may cause a variety of health issues in individuals and must be remediated in accordance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations.
Some of these laws and regulations have been amended to require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. Additionally, our tenants’ operations, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations with which we may be required to comply, and that may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance.
State and federal laws, and various foreign laws and regulations, in this area are constantly evolving, and we monitor these laws and take commercially reasonable steps to protect ourselves from the impact of these laws, including obtaining environmental assessments of most properties that we acquire; however, we do not obtain an independent third-party environmental assessment for every property we acquire. In addition, any assessment that we do obtain may not reveal all environmental liabilities or reveal that a prior owner of a property created a material environmental condition unknown to us. We may incur significant costs to defend against claims of liability, comply with environmental regulatory requirements, remediate any contaminated property, or pay personal injury claims.
Damage from catastrophic weather and other natural events and climate change could result in losses to us.
Certain of our properties are located in areas that may experience catastrophic weather and other natural events from time to time, including hurricanes or other severe weather, flooding, fires, snow or ice storms, windstorms or, earthquakes. These adverse weather and natural events could cause substantial damages or losses to our properties which could exceed our insurance coverage.
To the extent that significant changes in the climate occur, we may experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature and rising sea levels, all of which may result in physical damage to or a decrease in demand for properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature, including destruction of our properties, or occur for lengthy periods of time, our cash flow may be adversely affected.
Growing public concern about climate change and investor expectations have resulted in the increased focus of local, state, regional, national and international regulatory bodies on greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and climate change issues. Legislation to regulate GHG emissions has periodically been introduced in the U.S. Congress, and there has been a wide-ranging policy debate, both in the U.S. and internationally, regarding the impact of these gases and possible means for their regulation. Federal, state or foreign legislation or regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing properties or to protect them from the consequence of climate change, and could also result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions that could adversely impact the businesses of our tenants and their ability to pay rent.
Climate change may also adversely impact consumer behaviors, preferences and spending for our tenants’ clients, which may impact our tenants ability to fulfill their obligations under our leases, or our ability to re-lease the properties in the future. In addition, should the impact of climate change be severe or occur for lengthy periods of time, connectivity, labor and supply chains could impact business continuity for ourselves and our tenants.
In addition, tenants of net-leased properties are responsible for maintenance and other day-to-day management of the properties. This lack of control over our net-leased properties makes it difficult for us to collect property-level environmental metrics and to enforce sustainability initiatives, which may impact our ability to comply with certain regulatory disclosure requirements to which we are subject (such as the anticipated changes to the SEC’s climate-related disclosure rules) or comply effectively with established ESG frameworks and standards, such as the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmarks, the TCFD and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. If we are unable to collect the data necessary to comply with these disclosure requirements, we may be subject to increased regulatory risk. If the data is incomplete or unfavorable, our relationship with our stockholders, our stock price, and our access to capital may be negatively impacted.

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If we sell properties by providing financing to purchasers, we will be exposed to defaults by the purchasers.
In some instances, we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. If we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may default, which could negatively impact our cash flow. Even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of the proceeds of sales to our stockholders, or their reinvestment in other assets, will be delayed until the promissory notes or other property we may accept upon the sale are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed of. In some cases, we may receive initial down payments in cash and other property in the year of sale in an amount less than the selling price and subsequent payments will be spread over a number of years.
We may incur a material amount of costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Our domestic properties must also comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“Disabilities Act”). Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services, including restaurants and retail stores, be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Act’s requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties, or, in some cases, an award of damages. A determination that a property does not comply with the Disabilities Act could result in liability for both governmental fines and damages. If we are required to make unanticipated major modifications to any of our properties to comply with the Disabilities Act which are determined not to be the responsibility of our tenants, we could incur unanticipated expenses that could be material in amount.
Actual or threatened terrorist attacks and other acts of violence, civilian unrest, or war may affect the markets in which we operate our business and our profitability.
We own and acquire real estate assets located in major metropolitan areas as well as densely populated sub-markets that are susceptible to terrorist attack. In addition, any actual or threatened terrorist activity or violent criminal acts, including terrorist acts against public institutions or buildings or modes of public transportation (including airlines, trains or buses) could have a negative effect on our business. These events may directly impact the value of our assets and our results of operations through damage, destruction, loss or increased security costs. Although we may obtain terrorism insurance, we may not be able to obtain sufficient coverage to fund any losses we may incur. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, which was designed for a sharing of terrorism losses between insurance companies and the federal government, will expire on December 31, 2027, and there can be no assurance that Congress will act to renew or replace it.
More generally, any terrorist attack, other act of violence or war, including armed conflicts, could result in increased volatility in, or damage to, the worldwide financial markets and economy. Increased economic volatility could adversely affect us and our properties.
Inflation and continuing increases in the inflation rate may have an adverse effect on our investments and results of operations.
Increases in the rate of inflation, both real and anticipated may impact our investments and results of operations. Inflation could erode the value of long-term leases that do not contain indexed escalation provisions, or contain fixed annual rent escalation provisions that are at rates lower than the rate of inflation, and increase expenses including those that cannot be passed through under our leases. Increased inflation could also increase our general and administrative expenses and, as a result of an increase in market interest rates in response to higher than anticipated inflation rate, increase our mortgage and other debt interest costs, and these costs have and could continue to increase at a rate higher than any rent increases. An increase in our expenses, or a failure of revenues to increase at least with inflation could adversely impact our results of operations. Certain of our leases for properties located in foreign countries are only adjusted upward to fair market value only once every five years or contain capped indexed escalation provisions. Approximately 61.1% of our leases, based on straight line rent, are fixed-rate increase averaging 1.7%, 14.8% are based on the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain caps, 4.6% are based on other measures, and 19.5% do not contain any escalation provisions.
We may be adversely impacted by inflation on the leases that do not contain indexed escalation provisions, or those leases which have escalations at rates which do not exceed or approximate current inflation rates, as was the case during 2022. However, our net leases require the tenant to pay its allocable share of operating expenses, which may include common area maintenance costs, real estate taxes and insurance. This may reduce our exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation. Future leases may not even contain escalation provisions and these provisions may not be sufficient to protect our revenues or expenses from the adverse effects of inflation. In addition, increased operating costs paid by our tenants could have an adverse impact on our tenants if increases in their operating expenses exceed increases in their revenue, which may adversely affect our tenants’ ability to pay rent owed to us or property expenses to be paid, or reimbursed to us, by our tenants.
Conversely, unusually low inflation can cause deflation, or an outright decline in prices. Deflation can lead to a negative cycle where consumers delay purchases in anticipation of lower prices, causing businesses to stop hiring and postpone investments as sales weaken. Deflation would have a serious impact on economic growth and may adversely affect the financial condition of our tenants and the rental rates at which we renew or enter into leases.
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Periodically, we have experienced, and we may experience in the future, a decline in the fair value of our real estate assets, resulting in impairment charges that impact our financial condition and results of operations.
A decline in the fair market value of our long-lived assets may require us to recognize an impairment against such assets (as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)) if certain conditions or circumstances related to an asset were to change and we were to determine that, with respect to any such asset, the cash flows no longer support the carrying value of the asset. The fair value of our long-lived assets depends on market conditions, including estimates of future demand for these assets, and the revenues that can be generated from such assets. When such a determination is made, we recognize the estimated unrealized losses through earnings and write down the depreciated cost of such assets to a new cost basis, based on the fair value of such assets on the date they are considered to be impaired. Such impairment charges reflect non-cash losses at the time of recognition, and subsequent dispositions or sales of such assets could further affect our future losses or gains, as they are based on the difference between the sales price received and the adjusted depreciated cost of such assets at the time of sale.
Our business and operations could suffer if we experience system failures or cyber incidents or a deficiency in cybersecurity.
Our internal information technology networks and related systems are vulnerable to damage from any number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by these disruptions.
As reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to those systems. The risk of a security breach has generally increased as the frequency, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques, tools (including artificial intelligence) and tactics used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Such attacks also may be further enhanced in frequency or effectiveness through threat actors’ use of artificial intelligence. We must continuously monitor and develop networks and information technology to prevent, detect, address and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, and social engineering, such as phishing. We are continuously working including with the aid of third party service providers, to install new, and to upgrade existing, network and information technology systems, to create processes for risk assessment, testing, prioritization, remediation, risk acceptance, and reporting, and to provide awareness training around phishing, malware and other cyber risks to ensure they provide us with services essential to our operations are protected against cyber risks and security breaches and that we are also therefore so protected. However, these upgrades, processes, new technology and training may not be sufficient to protect us from all risks.
The remediation costs and lost revenues experienced by a subject of an intentional cyberattack or other event which results in unauthorized third party access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data or steal confidential information may be significant and significant resources may be required to repair system damage, protect against the threat of future security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm, loss of revenues and litigation, caused by any breaches. Additionally, any failure to adequately protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing of personal data, or to take appropriate action in cases of infringement may result in significant penalties under privacy law.
Furthermore, a security breach or other significant disruption involving our information technology networks and related systems could:
•result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed reporting or permitting deadlines;
•affect our ability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT;
•result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information (including information about tenants), which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;
•result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space;
•require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result;
•subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; or
•adversely impact our reputation among our tenants and investors generally.
There can be no assurance that the measures we have adopted will be sufficient. Further, while we carry cyber liability insurance, such insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses related to such events. In addition, the costs of maintaining adequate protection against data security threats, based on considerations of their evolution, increasing sophistication, pervasiveness and frequency and/or government‐mandated standards or obligations regarding protective efforts, could be
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material to our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and the market price of our securities in a particular period or over various periods.
We are subject to risks associated with a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of a contagious disease, which can cause severe disruptions in the U.S., and global economy.
Another pandemic in the future could have repercussions across many sectors and areas of the global economy and financial markets, leading to significant adverse impacts on economic activity as well as significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. COVID-19 previously impacted, and a novel strain of COVID-19 or other potential pandemics could in the future impact, in-person commerce which has and may in the future impact the revenues generated by our tenants which may further impact their ability to pay their rent to us when due. We may also potentially experience a negative impact on the health of our personnel, particularly if a significant number of them are during a future pandemic, which could result in a deterioration in our ability to ensure business continuity during this disruption.
We may make investments in asset classes or countries outside of our core investment strategy which may be perceived as complicating our strategy relative to our peers.
We may need to expand beyond our current asset class mix to grow our portfolio. As a result, we may, to the extent that market conditions warrant, to seek to grow our business by increasing our investments in existing businesses, pursuing new investment strategies (including investment opportunities in new asset classes), developing new types of investment structures, and expanding into new geographic markets. Introducing new types of investment structures could increase the complexities involved in managing such investments, including to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and terms of the investment. Making investments in assets classes or countries outside of our core investment strategy may also be perceived as complicating our strategy relative to our peers. Entry into new asset classes or countries may subject us to new laws and regulations with which we are not familiar, or from which we are currently exempt, and may lead to increased litigation and regulatory risk and costs.
Loss of senior executives with long-standing business relationships could materially impair our ability to operate successfully.
Our ability to operate our business and grow our portfolio depend, in large part, upon the efforts of our senior executive team. Several of our executives have extensive experience and strong reputations in the real estate industry and have been important in setting our strategic direction, operating our business, assembling and growing our portfolio, identifying, recruiting and training key personnel, and arranging necessary financing. In particular, relationships that these individuals have with financial institutions and existing and prospective tenants are important to our growth and the success of our business. The loss of services of one or more members of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business, diminish our investment opportunities and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, existing and prospective tenants and industry personnel, which could materially and adversely affect us.
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Risks Related to our Indebtedness

We have substantial indebtedness and we will have the ability to incur significant additional indebtedness and other liabilities.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $4.7 billion of total gross indebtedness outstanding, including $2.3 billion of secured indebtedness, $1.4 billion outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, and $1.0 billion of our Senior Notes. We had availability to borrow an additional $332.5 million, under our Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2024. Our high level of indebtedness may have the following important consequences to us including:
•requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to make principal and interest payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our cash flow available to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;
•requiring us to maintain certain debt coverage and other financial ratios at specified levels, thereby reducing our financial flexibility;
•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our financial obligations, including servicing our debt obligations;
•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions or a downturn in our business;
•exposing us to increases in interest rates for our variable rate debt;
•limiting, along with the financial and other restrictive covenants in our indebtedness, our ability to borrow additional funds on favorable terms or at all to expand our business or ease liquidity constraints;
•limiting our ability to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity on the same or more favorable terms or at all;
•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry;
•placing us at a competitive disadvantage relative to competitors that have less indebtedness, particularly in making future acquisitions;
•limiting our ability to enter into transactions that may otherwise be in our interest, including mergers or other combinations;
•increasing our risk of property losses as the result of foreclosure actions initiated by lenders under our secured debt obligations;
•requiring us to dispose of one or more of our properties at disadvantageous prices in order to service our indebtedness or to raise funds to pay such indebtedness at maturity; and
•resulting in an event of default if we fail to pay our debt obligations when due or fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in the agreements governing our debt obligations which event of default could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable and could permit certain of our lenders to foreclose on our assets securing the debt.
We may be unable to service our indebtedness.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on and to refinance our indebtedness depends on and is subject to our future financial and operating performance, which in turn is affected by general and regional economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors beyond our control. Our business may fail to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or future borrowings may be unavailable to us under the Revolving Credit Facility or from other sources in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our debt, to refinance our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations or to fund our other liquidity needs, we will need to restructure or refinance all or a portion of our debt. We may be unable to refinance any of our debt, including the Revolving Credit Facility or the Senior Notes, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we were unable to make payments or refinance our debt or obtain new financing under these circumstances, we would have to consider other options, such as asset sales, equity issuances or negotiations with our lenders to restructure the applicable debt. The Credit Agreement governing our Revolving Credit Facility and each of the indentures governing the Senior Notes restrict, and market or business conditions may limit, our ability to take some or all of these actions. Any restructuring or refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants that could further restrict our business operations. In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility and each of the indentures governing the Senior Notes permit us to incur additional debt, including secured debt, and the amount of additional indebtedness incurred could be substantial.
As of December 31, 2024, a total of $464.5 million of our indebtedness bearing interest at a weighted rate of 3.8% matures in calendar year 2025. Interest rates increased considerably over the last two years and may increase further in the future. The interest rate on borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility was 5.7% and 6.0% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The interest rate on any indebtedness we refinance will likely be higher than the rate on the maturing indebtedness. There is no assurance that well will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness as it comes due, especially indebtedness
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secured by mortgages, on favorable terms, or at all. Increases in interest rates or changes in underwriting standards imposed by lenders may require us to use either cash on hand or raise additional equity to repay or refinance any indebtedness or for that matter to incur new indebtedness. If we are unable to repay or refinance any indebtedness secured by mortgages, we lose the mortgaged property in a foreclosure action.
We have incurred, and may continue to incur, variable-rate debt. As of December 31, 2024, a total of 9% of our indebtedness bore interest at variable rates which averaged 6.0%. Increases in interest rates on our variable-rate debt or any new indebtedness we incur either as part of a refinancing or a new property acquisition would increase our interest cost. If we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we may need to post additional collateral or sell one or more of our investments in properties even though we would not otherwise choose to do so. In addition, under certain of our debt agreements, including our mortgage loan agreements, we are required to maintain certain debt service coverage ratios for particular periods of time. In the event we do not meet these debt service coverage ratio tests for the applicable period, we are required to make cash sweep payments with respect to such loan’s principal amount, for so long as we are not in compliance with the applicable coverage ratio covenant. We have been making cash sweep payments, which impacts funds available to us for other uses, with respect to certain of our debt obligations.
Our derivative financial instruments have been, and any derivative financial instruments in the future, will be subject to counterparty default risk.
We manage our interest rate risk with derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts, to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associate with our variable rate borrowings. As a result, when we are party to such derivative financial instruments, we are subject to the risk that the counterparty to one or more of these contracts defaults on its performance under the contract. During an economic downturn, the counterparty's financial condition may deteriorate rapidly and with little notice and we may be unable to take action to protect our exposure. In the event of a counterparty default, we could incur losses, which may harm our business and financial condition. In the event that one or more of our counterparties becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, our ability to eventually recover any losses suffered as a result of that counterparty's default may be limited by the liquidity of the counterparty.
Changes in the debt markets could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and financial condition.
The domestic and international commercial real estate debt markets are subject to volatility, resulting in, from time to time, the tightening of underwriting standards by lenders and credit rating agencies and reductions in the availability of financing. Beginning in early 2022, in response to significant and prolonged increases in inflation, the U.S. Federal Reserve Board raised interest rates eleven times during 2022 and 2023 and then paused rate increases in the fourth quarter of 2023 following the deceleration of inflationary growth. During that same period the European Central Bank and the Bank of England similarly raised interest rates and implemented fiscal policy interventions responsive to high levels of inflation and recession fears. The Federal Reserve Board cut interest rates in September 2024 and December 2024, and it may seek to further reduce interest rates, increase interest rates or maintain current interest rates. The timing, number and amount of any future interest rate changes are uncertain, and there can be no assurance that rates will continue to decrease at a rate currently predicted or at all, which would in turn negatively impact our borrowing costs. If our overall cost of borrowings increases, either due to increases in the index rates or due to increases in lender spreads, we will need to factor such increases into pricing and projected returns for any future acquisitions. This may result in future acquisitions generating lower overall economic returns. Volatility in the debt markets may negatively impact our ability to borrow monies to finance the purchase of, or other activities related to, our real estate assets.
If we are unable to borrow monies on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, our ability to purchase properties or, meet other capital requirements may be limited, and the return on the properties we own may be lower. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance maturing indebtedness.
Furthermore, the state of the debt markets could have an impact on the overall amount of capital being invested in real estate, which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets which could negatively impact the value of our assets, and the price of assets which we sell.
Covenants in our debt agreements restrict our activities and could adversely affect our business.
Our debt agreements, including each of the indentures governing the Senior Notes and the Credit Agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility, contain various covenants that limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to engage in various transactions including, as applicable:
•incurring or guaranteeing additional secured and unsecured debt;
•creating liens on our assets;
•making investments or other restricted payments (including, without limitation, share repurchases);
•entering into transactions with affiliates;
•creating restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or other amounts to us;
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•selling assets;
•making optional prepayments of indebtedness during a payment default or an event of default under the Revolving Credit Facility;
•effecting a consolidation or merger or selling all or substantially all of our assets; and
•amending certain material agreements, including material leases and debt agreements.
These covenants limit our operating flexibility and could prevent us from taking advantage of business opportunities as they arise, growing our business or competing effectively. In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility requires us to comply with financial maintenance covenants, consisting of a maximum debt to asset value ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a maximum unencumbered leverage ratio, a minimum debt service coverage ratio, a maximum secured debt to asset value ratio, a maximum secured recourse debt to asset value ratio, and a minimum consolidated tangible net worth test. We also are required to maintain total unencumbered assets of at least 150% of our unsecured indebtedness under each of the indentures governing the Senior Notes. Our ability to meet these requirements may be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not meet these requirements. We may be unable to maintain compliance with these covenants and, if we fail to do so, we may be unable to obtain waivers from the lenders or indenture trustee, as applicable, or amend the covenants.
A breach of any of the covenants or other provisions in our debt agreements could result in an event of default, which if not cured or waived, could result in such debt becoming due and payable, either automatically or after an election to accelerate by the required percentage of the holders of the indebtedness or by an agent for the holders of the indebtedness. This, in turn, could cause our other debt, including the Senior Notes and the Revolving Credit Facility, to become due and payable as a result of cross-default or cross-acceleration provisions contained in the agreements governing the other debt and permit certain of our lenders to foreclose on our assets, if any, that secure this debt. In the event that some or all of our debt is accelerated and becomes immediately due and payable, we may not have the funds to repay, or the ability to refinance our debt.
We may not have the funds necessary to finance the repurchase of the Senior Notes in connection with a change of control offer required by the indentures governing each series of notes.
Upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control Triggering Event” defined in each of the indentures governing the Senior Notes, we are required to make an offer to repurchase all outstanding Senior Notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest on each series of notes, if any, but not including, the date of repurchase. However, it is possible that we will not have sufficient funds, or the ability to raise sufficient funds, at the time we are required to make this offer. In addition, restrictions under future debt we may incur, may not allow us to repurchase the Senior Notes upon a Change of Control Triggering Event, and we expect that a change in control will result in an event of default under the Revolving Credit Facility, which could result in such debt becoming immediately due and payable and the commitments thereunder terminated. If we could not refinance such senior debt or otherwise obtain a waiver from the holders of such debt, we would be prohibited from repurchasing the Senior Notes, which would constitute an event of default under the applicable indentures governing either series of Senior Notes, which in turn would constitute a default under our Revolving Credit Facility. In addition, certain important corporate events, such as leveraged recapitalization that would increase the level of our indebtedness, would not constitute a “Change of Control” under the either of the indentures governing the Senior Notes although these types of transactions could affect our capital structure or credit ratings and the holders of the Senior Notes. Further, courts interpreting change of control provisions under New York law (which is the governing law of each of the indentures governing the Senior Notes) have not provided clear and consistent meanings of change of control provisions which leads to subjective judicial interpretation of what may constitute a “Change of Control.” The “Change of Control Triggering Event” may impact the willingness of a third party to seek or engage in a “Change of Control” transaction with us.
A lowering or withdrawal of the ratings assigned to our debt securities by rating agencies may increase our future borrowing costs and reduce our access to capital.
Any rating assigned to debt securities that we or either of our OP’s issue could be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency if, in that rating agency’s judgment, future circumstances relating to the basis of the rating, such as adverse changes, so warrant. Any lowering of the ratings likely would make it more difficult or more expensive for us to obtain additional debt financing.


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Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure, Common Stock and Preferred Stock

The trading prices of our Common Stock and Preferred Stock may fluctuate significantly.
The trading prices of shares of our Common Stock and Preferred Stock may be volatile and subject to significant price and volume fluctuation in response to market and other factors, many of which are outside our control. Among the factors that could affect these trading prices are:    
•our financial condition, including the level of our indebtedness and performance;
•our ability to grow through property acquisitions, the terms, and pace of any acquisitions or dispositions we may make and the availability and terms of financing for those acquisitions;
•the financial condition of our tenants, including tenant bankruptcies or defaults;
•actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;
•the amount and frequency of dividends that we pay;
•additional sales of equity securities, including our Common Stock or Preferred Stock, or the perception that additional sales may occur;
•the reputation of REITs and real estate investments generally and the attractiveness of REIT equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, and fixed income debt securities;
•uncertainty and volatility in the equity and credit markets;
•increases in interest rates and fluctuations in exchange rates;
•inflation and continuing increases in the inflation rate;
•changes in revenue or earnings estimates, if any, or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts or actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our securities or those of other REITs;
•failure to meet analyst revenue or earnings estimates;
•strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
•the extent of investment in our securities by institutional investors;
•the extent of short-selling of our securities;
•general financial and economic market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for REITs and other real estate related companies;
•failure to maintain our REIT status;
•changes in tax laws;
•domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance; and
•all other risk factors addressed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Moreover, although shares of the Preferred Stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), there can be no assurance that the trading volume for these shares will provide sufficient liquidity for holders to sell their shares at the time of their choosing or that the trading price for shares will equal or exceed the price paid for the shares. Because the shares of our preferred stock have a fixed dividend rate, their respective trading prices in the secondary market will be influenced by changes in interest rates and will tend to move inversely to changes in interest rates. In particular, an increase in market interest rates may result in higher yields on other financial instruments and may lead purchasers of our preferred stock to demand a higher yield on their investment, which could adversely affect the market price of shares of those securities. An increase in interest rates available to investors could also make an investment in our Common Stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our Common Stock.
We depend on our OPs and their subsidiaries for cash flow and are structurally subordinated in right of payment to the obligations of our OPs and their subsidiaries.
We conduct, and intend to continue conducting, all of our business operations through our OPs and accordingly, we rely on distributions from our OPs and their subsidiaries to provide cash to pay our obligations. There is no assurance that our OPs or their subsidiaries will be able to, or be permitted to, pay distributions to us that will enable us to pay dividends to our stockholders and meet our other obligations. Each subsidiary of each of the OP’s is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from these entities. In addition, any claims we may have will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations of our OPs and their subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our OPs and their
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subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of our creditors or to pay dividends to our stockholders only after all the liabilities and obligations of our OPs and their subsidiaries have been paid in full.
We may issue additional equity securities in the future thereby diluting the holdings of existing stockholders.
Holders of our Common Stock do not have preemptive rights to any shares issued by us in the future. Our charter authorizes us to issue up to 290 million shares of stock, consisting of 250 million shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share and 40 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2024, we had 24 million shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. Each series of Preferred Stock ranks on parity with each other with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up. Subject to the approval rights of holders of our Preferred Stock regarding authorization or issuance of equity securities ranking senior to the Preferred Stock, our Board, without approval of our common stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock, or the number of authorized shares of any class or series of stock, or may classify or reclassify any unissued shares into the classes or series of stock without obtaining stockholder approval and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the stock.
All of our authorized but unissued shares of stock may be issued in the discretion of our Board. The issuance of additional shares of our Common Stock could dilute the interests of the holders of our Common Stock, and any issuance of shares of preferred stock senior to our Common Stock, such as our issued and outstanding Preferred Stock, or any incurrence of additional indebtedness, could affect our ability to pay dividends on our Common Stock. The issuance of additional shares of preferred stock ranking equal or senior to our issued and outstanding Preferred Stock, including preferred stock convertible into shares of our Common Stock, could dilute the interests of the holders of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, and any issuance of shares of preferred stock senior to our issued and outstanding Preferred Stock or incurrence of additional indebtedness could affect our ability to pay dividends on, redeem or pay the liquidation preference on our Preferred Stock. These issuances could also adversely affect the trading price of our Common Stock and Preferred Stock.
We may issue shares of our Common Stock or Series B Preferred Stock or another series of preferred stock pursuant to our existing at-the-market programs or any similar future program as well as in other public or private offerings, including shelf offerings, and shares of our Common Stock issued as awards to our officers, directors and other eligible persons. We may also issue OP Units to sellers of properties we acquire. OP Units may be redeemed on a one for one basis for, at our election, a share of Common Stock or the cash equivalent thereof.
Because our decision to issue equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings.
We cannot guarantee that we will repurchase our Common Stock pursuant to our share repurchase program or that our share repurchase program will enhance long-term stockholder value. Share repurchases could also increase the volatility of the price of our Common Stock and could diminish our cash reserves.
On February 20, 2025, our Board authorized a share repurchase program, under which we are authorized to repurchase shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price not to exceed $300.0 million, excluding fees, commissions and other ancillary expenses. Under the program, which does not have a stated expiration date, we may repurchase shares of our Common Stock from time to time through open market purchases, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase transactions and/or pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements.
Although the Board has authorized the share repurchase program, the share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific dollar amount or to acquire any specific number of shares. The timing and amount of repurchases, if any, will depend upon several factors, including market, legislative and business conditions, the trading price of our Common Stock and the nature of other investment opportunities. For example, the Inflation Reduction Act imposes a one percent tax on stock repurchases, subject to certain adjustments, by publicly traded U.S. companies, including us, and may impact our decision to engage in share repurchases. Also, our ability to repurchase shares of stock may be limited by restrictive covenants in our debt agreements. The repurchase program may be limited, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. In addition, repurchases of our Common Stock pursuant to our share repurchase program could affect our stock price and increase its volatility. The existence of a share repurchase program could cause our stock price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Additionally, our share repurchase program could diminish our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance future growth, to continue to pay a dividend and to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions. There can be no assurance that any share repurchases will enhance stockholder value because the market price of our Common Stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchased shares of stock. Although our share repurchase program is intended to enhance long-term stockholder value, there is no assurance that it will do so and short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program’s effectiveness.
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The terms of our Preferred Stock, and the terms other preferred stock we may issue, may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.
The change of control conversion and redemption features of our Preferred Stock may make it more difficult for a party to acquire us or discourage a party from seeking to acquire us. Upon the occurrence of a change of control, holders of Preferred Stock will, under certain circumstances, have the right to convert some of or all their shares of Preferred Stock into shares of our Common Stock (or equivalent value of alternative consideration) and under these circumstances we will also have a special optional redemption right to redeem shares of Preferred Stock. These features of our Preferred Stock may have the effect of discouraging a third party from seeking to acquire us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our Common Stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price or that stockholders may otherwise believe is in their best interests. We may also issue other classes or series of preferred stock that could also have the same effect.
Maryland law prohibits certain business combinations, which may make it more difficult for us to be acquired and may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include, but are not limited, to a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
•any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or
•an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation.
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
•80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and
•two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. The business combination statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.
Our bylaws designate the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland as the sole and exclusive forum for certain actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders.
Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Northern Division, is the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, other than actions arising under federal securities laws; (b) any Internal Corporate Claim, as such term is defined in the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), or any successor provision thereof, including, without limitation, (i) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or to our stockholders or (ii) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL, our charter or our bylaws; or (c) any other action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Our bylaws also provide that unless we consent in writing, none of the foregoing actions, claims or proceedings may be brought in any court sitting outside the State of Maryland and the federal district courts are, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act. These choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that the stockholder believes is favorable. Alternatively, if a court were
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to find these provisions of our bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving these matters in other jurisdictions.
Maryland law limits the ability of a third-party to buy a large stake in us and exercise voting power in electing directors, which may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.
The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provides that holders of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the stockholders by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all shares of stock owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within specified ranges of voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction, or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
We indemnify our officers and directors against claims or liability they may become subject to due to their service to us, and our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our officers and directors are limited.
Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporation’s best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, subject to certain limitations set forth therein or under Maryland law, our charter provides that no director or officer will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages and permits us to indemnify our directors and officers from liability and advance certain expenses to them in connection with claims or liability they may become subject to due to their service to us. We have entered into indemnification agreements consistent with Maryland law and our charter with our directors and officers and certain former directors and officers. We and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, employees and agents, than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce the recovery of our stockholders and our recovery against them. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers, employees and agents in some cases.
Material weaknesses in or a failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls could prevent us from accurately and timely reporting our financial results, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports, effectively prevent fraud and operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results would be harmed. We are required to perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Designing and implementing an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures is a continuous effort that requires significant resources, including the expenditure of a significant amount of time by senior members of our management team.
In connection with our ongoing monitoring of our internal control over financial reporting or audits of our financial statements, we or our auditors may identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that may be significant or rise to the level of material weaknesses. Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures or to timely effect any necessary improvements to such controls, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations (which could affect the listing of our securities on the NYSE). Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures could also adversely affect our ability to prevent or detect fraud, harm our reputation and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities.
We may become subject to litigation, which could materially and adversely affect us.
In the future we may become subject to litigation, including, but not limited to, claims relating to our operations, past and future securities offerings, corporate transactions, and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims may result in significant defense costs and potentially significant judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be, insured against. We generally intend to vigorously defend ourselves. However, we cannot be certain of the ultimate outcome of any claims that may arise in the future. Resolution of these types of matters against us may result in our having to pay significant fines, judgments, or settlements, which, if uninsured, or if the fines, judgments, and settlements exceed insured levels, could
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adversely impact our earnings and cash flows, thereby materially and adversely affecting us. Certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could materially and adversely impact us, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and materially and adversely impact our ability to attract directors and officers.


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U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks
Our failure to remain qualified as a REIT would subject us to U.S. federal income tax and potentially state and local tax.
We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013 and intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, we may terminate our REIT qualification inadvertently, or if our Board determines that doing so is in our best interests. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. We have structured and intend to continue structuring our activities in a manner designed to satisfy all the requirements to qualify as a REIT. However, the REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex and interpretation of the U.S. federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT is limited. Furthermore, any opinion of our counsel, including tax counsel, as to our eligibility to remain qualified as a REIT is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and is not a guarantee that we will continue to qualify as a REIT. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in operating so that we can remain qualified as a REIT. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends on our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we may not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT income or quarterly asset requirements also depends on our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, if certain of our operations were to be recharacterized by the IRS, such recharacterization would jeopardize our ability to satisfy all requirements for qualification as a REIT. Furthermore, future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws could be applied retroactively, which could result in our disqualification as a REIT.
If we fail to continue to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate rate. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we lose our REIT qualification. Losing our REIT qualification would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, amounts paid to stockholders that are treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes would no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If we lose our REIT qualification, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable taxes.
Even as a REIT, in certain circumstances, we may incur tax liabilities that would reduce our cash available for distribution
to our stockholders.
Even as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are “dealer” properties sold by a REIT and that do not meet a safe harbor available under the Code (a “prohibited transaction” under the Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. Similarly, if we were to fail an income test (and did not lose our REIT status because such failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect), we would be subject to tax on the income that does not meet the income test requirements. We also may decide to retain net capital gains we earn from the sale or other disposition of our property and pay U.S. federal income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and seek a refund of such tax. We also will be subject to corporate tax on any undistributed REIT taxable income. We also may be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, including franchise, payroll and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of the OP or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets, such as any taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”), which are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash flow.
To qualify as a REIT, we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may force us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities or borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions. This could delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce our stockholders’ overall return.
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we make with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. Although we intend to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings while we qualify as a REIT, it is possible that we might not always be able to do so.

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Recharacterization of sale-leaseback transactions may cause us to lose our REIT status.
We will use commercially reasonable efforts to structure any sale-leaseback transaction we enter into so that the lease will be characterized as a “true lease” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thereby allowing us to be treated as the owner of the property for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, the IRS may challenge this characterization. In the event that any sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and recharacterized as a financing transaction or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to the property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to continue to satisfy the REIT qualification “asset tests” or “income tests” and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated which might also cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement for a taxable year.
Certain of our business activities are potentially subject to the prohibited transaction tax.
For so long as we qualify as a REIT, our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following acquisition may be restricted to a substantial extent as a result of our REIT qualification. Under applicable provisions of the Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs, while we qualify as a REIT and provided we do not meet a safe harbor available under the Code, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the net income from the sale or other disposition of any property (other than foreclosure property) that we own, directly or indirectly through any subsidiary entity, including the OP, but generally excluding TRSs, that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. We intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (a) conducting activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited transactions through a TRS (but such TRS will incur corporate rate income taxes with respect to any income or gain recognized by it), (b) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or indirectly through any subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction, and (c) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to comply with the requirements of the prohibited transaction safe harbor available under the Code for properties that, among other requirements, have been held for at least two years. Despite our present intention, no assurance can be given that any particular property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including the OP, but generally excluding TRSs, will not be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
TRSs are subject to corporate-level taxes and our dealings with TRSs may be subject to a 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% of the gross value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT, including gross income from operations pursuant to management contracts. Accordingly, we may use one or more TRSs generally to hold properties for sale in the ordinary course of a trade or business or to hold assets or conduct activities that we cannot conduct directly as a REIT. A TRS is subject to applicable U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign income tax on its taxable income, as well as limitations on the deductibility of its interest expenses. In addition, the Code imposes a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
If the OP failed to qualify as a partnership or is not otherwise disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
If the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of the OP as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the OP would be taxable as a corporation. In such event this would reduce the amount of distributions that the OP could make to us. This also would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT, and we would become subject to a corporate-level tax on our income. This substantially would reduce our cash available to pay dividends and other distributions to our stockholders. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which the OP owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership and is otherwise not disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the partnership or limited liability company would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the OP. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain our REIT qualification.
We may choose to make distributions in a combination of cash and shares of our Common Stock, in which case our stockholders may be required to pay U.S. federal income taxes in excess of the cash portion of such distributions they receive.
In connection with our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. In order to satisfy this requirement, as much as 80% of the aggregate distribution may consist of shares of our Common Stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such distributions will be required to include the full amount of such distributions (including the fair market value of any shares of Common
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Stock received) as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. stockholders may be required to pay U.S. federal income taxes with respect to such distributions in excess of the cash portion of the distribution received.
Accordingly, U.S. stockholders receiving a distribution of a combination of cash and shares of our Common Stock may be required to sell shares received in such distribution or may be required to sell other stock or assets owned by them, at a time that may be disadvantageous, in order to satisfy any tax imposed on such distribution. If a U.S. stockholder sells the shares it receives as part of the distribution in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the distribution, depending on the market price of the shares at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such distribution, including in respect of all or a portion of such distribution that is payable in stock, by withholding or disposing of part of the shares included in such distribution and using the proceeds of such disposition to satisfy the withholding tax imposed. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our Common Stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividend income, such sale may put downward pressure on the market price of our Common Stock.
The taxation of distributions can be complex; however, distributions to stockholders that are treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will be taxable as ordinary income, which may reduce our stockholders’ after-tax anticipated return from an investment in us.
Amounts that we pay to our taxable stockholders out of current and accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) generally will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will be taxable as ordinary income. Noncorporate stockholders are entitled to a 20% deduction with respect to these ordinary REIT dividends which would, if allowed in full, result in a maximum effective U.S. federal income tax rate on these ordinary REIT dividends of 29.6% (or 33.4% including the 3.8% surtax on net investment income); however, the 20% deduction will end after December 31, 2025, unless the law is extended.
However, a portion of the amounts that we pay to our stockholders generally may (1) be designated by us as capital gain dividends taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent that such portion is attributable to net capital gain recognized by us, (2) be designated by us as qualified dividend income, taxable at capital gains rates, to the extent they are attributable to dividends we receive from TRSs, or (3) constitute a return of capital to the extent that such portion exceeds our accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. With respect to qualified dividend income, the current maximum U.S. federal tax rate applicable to noncorporate stockholders is 23.8%, including the 3.8% surtax on net investment income. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for this reduced rate and, as described above, through December 31, 2025, will be subject to an effective rate of 29.6% (or 33.4% including the 3.8% surtax on net investment income). Although this does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stock of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including shares of our stock. Tax rates could be changed in future legislation. A return of capital is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the tax basis of a stockholder’s investment in shares of our stock. Amounts paid to our stockholders that exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits and a stockholder’s tax basis in shares of our stock generally will be taxable as capital gain.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.
The REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage the risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets or in certain cases to hedge previously acquired hedges entered into to manage risks associated with property that has been disposed of or liabilities that have been extinguished, if properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations, does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because the TRS would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in a TRS generally will not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income of the TRS.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to forgo or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must ensure that we meet the REIT gross income tests annually and that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and certain kinds of mortgage-related securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than securities that qualify for the 75% asset test and securities of qualified REIT subsidiaries and TRSs) generally cannot exceed 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, 10% of the
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total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, or 5% of the value of our assets as to any one issuer. In addition, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs and no more than 25% of our assets may consist of publicly offered REIT debt instruments that do not otherwise qualify under the 75% asset test. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate assets from our portfolio or not make otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
The ability of our Board to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may subject us to U.S. federal income tax and reduce distributions to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our Board may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. While we intend to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may terminate our REIT election if we determine that qualifying as a REIT is no longer in our best interests. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income (as well as any applicable state and local corporate tax) and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders and on the market price of shares of our stock.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the market price of shares of our stock.
Changes to the tax laws may occur, and any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in shares of our stock or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. Our stockholders are urged to consult with an independent tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in shares of our stock.
Although REITs generally receive better tax treatment than entities taxed as non-REIT “C corporations,” it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a non-REIT “C corporation”. As a result, our charter provides our Board with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a non-REIT “C corporation”, without the vote of our stockholders. Our Board has duties to us and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines that such changes are in our best interests.
The share ownership restrictions for REITs and the 8.8% share ownership limit in our charter may inhibit market activity in shares of our stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.
In order to qualify as a REIT, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of the issued and outstanding shares of our stock at any time during the last half of each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity actually or constructively owns shares of our stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own shares of our stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. To help ensure that we meet these tests, among other purposes, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our stock.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT while we so qualify. Unless exempted by our Board, for so long as we qualify as a REIT, our charter prohibits, among other limitations on ownership and transfer of shares of our stock, any person from beneficially or constructively owning (applying certain attribution rules under the Code) more than 8.8% in value of the aggregate outstanding shares of our stock and more than 8.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of the outstanding shares of our stock. Our Board may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of the 8.8% ownership limit would result in the termination of our qualification as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if our Board determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer required in order for us to continue to so qualify as a REIT.
These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for shares of our stock or otherwise be in the best interests of the stockholders.
Non-U.S. stockholders will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on dividends and other distributions received from us and upon the disposition of shares of our stock.
Subject to certain exceptions, amounts paid to non-U.S. stockholders will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such dividends ordinarily will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the dividends are treated as “effectively connected” with the conduct by the non-U.S. stockholder of a U.S. trade or business. Capital gain
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distributions attributable to sales or exchanges of “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”) generally will be taxed to a non-U.S. stockholder (other than a “qualified foreign pension fund,” certain entities wholly-owned by a “qualified foreign pension fund,” and certain foreign publicly-traded entities) as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. However, a capital gain distribution will not be treated as effectively connected income if (a) the distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the U.S. and (b) the non-U.S. stockholder does not own more than 10% of any class of our stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date the distribution is received.
Gain recognized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or exchange of shares of our stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless such stock constitutes a USRPI. Shares of our stock will not constitute a USRPI so long as we are a “domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.” A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT if at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of such REIT’s stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. In order to determine indirect ownership, Treasury regulations apply a modified look-through rule to certain U.S. corporate shareholders in determining whether a REIT is domestically controlled. We believe, but there can be no assurance, that we are and will continue to be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.
Even if we do not qualify as a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity at the time a non-U.S. stockholder sells or exchanges shares of our stock, gain arising from such a sale or exchange would not be subject to U.S. taxation as a sale of a USRPI if (a) the shares are of a class of our stock that is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury regulations, on an established securities market, and (b) such non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually and constructively, 10% or less of the outstanding shares of our stock of that class at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale.
Potential characterization of dividends and other distributions or gain on sale may be treated as unrelated business taxable income to tax-exempt investors.
If (a) we are a “pension-held REIT,” (b) a tax-exempt stockholder has incurred (or is deemed to have incurred) debt to purchase or hold shares of our stock, or (c) a holder of shares of our stock is a certain type of tax-exempt stockholder, dividends on, and gains recognized on the sale of, shares of our stock by such tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under the Code.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. We design and assess our program based on industry practices and accepted frameworks (e.g. the NIST framework).
Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.
Our cybersecurity risk management program includes:
•risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment;
•our IT team, in coordination with senior management, is principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;
•the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls and designed to anticipate cyber-attacks and prevent breaches;
•cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management;
•a risk management process for third parties, including, but not limited to service providers, suppliers, and vendors.
We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

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Cybersecurity Governance
Our Board considers cybersecurity risk and other information technology risks as part of its risk oversight function. Our Audit Committee reviews policies with respect to major risk assessment and risk management and reviews with management the steps taken to monitor and control such exposures. As part of this function, our Audit Committee oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program, including reviewing risk assessments from management with respect to our information technology systems and procedures, and overseeing our cybersecurity risk management processes.
The Audit Committee receives periodic reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management will update the Audit Committee, as necessary and appropriate, regarding cybersecurity incidents that we may experience.
The Audit Committee reports to the full Board regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. The Audit Committee receives briefings from management on our cyber risk management program and receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from management, our internal auditors IT personnel or external experts as part of the Board’s continuing education on topics that impact public companies.
Our management team is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants.
Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from IT personnel, threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.


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Item 2. Properties.
The following table represents a summary by segment of our portfolio of real estate properties as of December 31, 2024:
Annualized Straight-Line RentAnnualized Base RentSquare Feet
SegmentNumber of PropertiesAmount%Amount%Amount%Occupancy
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) (1)
(In thousands)(In thousands)(In thousands)
Industrial & Distribution206$221,066 34 %$216,038 34 %31,938 53 %99 %6.6 
Multi-Tenant Retail101181,798 28 %181,676 28 %14,785 24 %91 %5.5 
Single-Tenant Retail748135,767 21 %126,059 20 %7,261 12 %99 %7.4 
Office66117,845 17 %120,110 18 %6,715 11 %97 %4.3 
     Total1,121 $656,476 100 %$643,883 100 %60,699 100 %97 %6.2 
_____________
(1)If the portfolio has multiple properties with varying lease expirations, average remaining lease term is calculated on a weighted-average basis. Weighted-average remaining lease term in years is calculated based on square feet as of December 31, 2024.

The following table details distribution of our portfolio by country/location as of December 31, 2024:
CountryAcquisition PeriodNumber of
Properties		Square
Feet 		Percentage of Properties by Square Feet
Average Remaining Lease Term (1)
(In thousands)
CanadaDec. 2019 - Dec. 20217372 0.6%15.1
Channel IslandsSept. 20211114 0.2%6.0
FinlandNov. 2014 - Sep. 201551,457 2.4%7.5
FranceDec. 2016 - Dec. 202071,416 2.3%3.3
GermanyJan. 2014 - Dec. 201651,584 2.6%3.5
ItalyFeb. 20202196 0.3%7.2
LuxembourgDec. 20161156 0.3%2.0
The NetherlandsNov. 2014 - Dec. 202141,007 1.7%4.3
United KingdomOct. 2012 - Jan. 2023534,834 8.0%8.3
United StatesAug. 2013 - Oct. 20231,03649,563 81.7%5.9
Total1,12160,699 100%6.2
_________
(1)If the portfolio has multiple properties with varying lease expirations, average remaining lease term is calculated on a weighted-average basis. Weighted-average remaining lease term in years is calculated based on square feet as of December 31, 2024.


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The following table details the tenant industry distribution of our portfolio as of December 31, 2024:
Industry
Annualized Straight-Line Rent (1)
Annualized Straight-Line Rent as a Percentage of the Total PortfolioLeased Square Feet Square Feet as a Percentage of the Total Portfolio
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Financial Services$45,392 7 %3,159 5 %
Auto Manufacturing42,173 6 %4,237 7 %
Discount Retail36,111 6 %3,686 6 %
Specialty Retail30,787 5 %2,670 5 %
Healthcare30,614 5 %1,359 2 %
Gas/Convenience28,672 4 %655 1 %
Freight25,675 4 %2,766 5 %
Consumer Goods21,933 3 %4,705 8 %
Apparel Retail16,967 3 %1,223 2 %
Other (2)
378,152 57 %34,211 59 %
Total$656,476 100 %$58,671 100 %
________
(1) Annualized straight-line rent converted from local currency into USD as of December 31, 2024 for the in-place lease in the property on a straight-line basis, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable. Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP, €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR and $1.00 Canadian Dollar (“CAD”) to $0.70, as of December 31, 2024 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
(2) Other includes 81 industry types as of December 31, 2024.



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The following table details the geographic distribution of our portfolio as of December 31, 2024:
RegionNumber of Properties
Annualized Straight-Line Rent (1) (in thousands)
Annualized Straight-Line Rent as a Percentage of the Total Portfolio (2)
Square Feet (in thousands) (2)
Square Feet as a Percentage of the Total Portfolio (2)
United States1,036$525,491 80.1 %49,562 81.9 %
   Michigan9260,443 9.2 %6,457 10.6 %
   Ohio6640,649 6.2 %5,787 9.5 %
   Texas6640,241 6.1 %2,919 4.8 %
   North Carolina4132,006 4.9 %3,699 6.1 %
   Georgia9427,822 4.2 %2,176 3.6 %
   Illinois6127,131 4.1 %2,767 4.6 %
   Florida5023,725 3.6 %1,607 2.6 %
   Alabama3722,468 3.4 %1,967 3.2 %
   South Carolina3819,606 3.0 %2,194 3.6 %
   Kentucky2417,932 2.7 %1,465 2.4 %
   Indiana2316,767 2.6 %2,416 4.0 %
   Pennsylvania2916,682 2.5 %1,248 2.1 %
   Oklahoma2615,118 2.3 %1,185 2.0 %
   Missouri1614,845 2.3 %1,214 2.0 %
   Tennessee2911,123 1.7 %1,295 2.1 %
   Massachusetts1510,999 1.7 %1,007 1.7 %
   Louisiana3610,514 1.6 %638 1.1 %
   New Jersey59,684 1.5 %421 0.7 %
   New York239,004 1.4 %1,073 1.8 %
   Wisconsin218,807 1.3 %664 1.1 %
   Kansas248,109 1.2 %692 1.1 %
   Nevada47,907 1.2 %408 0.7 %
   Arkansas167,759 1.2 %475 0.8 %
   California67,699 1.2 %1,002 1.7 %
   Mississippi347,167 1.1 %597 1.0 %
   New Mexico115,348 0.8 %415 0.7 %
   Maryland65,155 0.8 %419 0.7 %
   Connecticut54,598 0.7 %402 0.7 %
   Iowa283,844 0.6 %402 0.7 %
   Virginia143,799 0.6 %308 0.5 %
   Minnesota93,152 0.5 %333 0.5 %
   West Virginia293,134 0.5 %345 0.6 %
   Colorado53,101 0.5 %120 0.2 %
   New Hampshire42,779 0.4 %339 0.6 %
   Rhode Island22,207 0.3 %107 0.2 %
   Maine42,021 0.3 %64 0.1 %
   North Dakota51,848 0.3 %193 0.3 %
   Nebraska81,761 0.3 %113 0.2 %
   South Dakota41,489 0.2 %101 0.2 %
   Utah41,357 0.2 %50 0.1 %
   Wyoming61,350 0.2 %89 0.1 %
   Vermont41,338 0.2 %235 0.4 %
   Montana5893 0.1 %74 0.1 %
   Idaho3731 0.1 %35 0.1 %
   Alaska1424 0.1 %9 — %
   Arizona1366 0.1 %22 — %
   Delaware1340 0.1 %10 — %
   Washington, DC1249 — %4 — %
United Kingdom5368,451 10.4 %4,836 8.0 %
Netherlands416,128 2.5 %1,007 1.7 %
Finland512,826 2.0 %1,457 2.4 %
Germany59,939 1.5 %1,584 2.6 %
France77,325 1.1 %1,416 2.3 %
Channel Islands15,646 0.9 %114 0.2 %
Luxembourg15,544 0.8 %156 0.3 %
Canada72,888 0.4 %372 0.6 %
Italy22,238 0.3 %195 0.3 %
Total1,121$656,476 100 %60,699 100 %
(1) Annualized straight-line rent converted from local currency into USD as of December 31, 2024 for the in-place lease in the property on a straight-line basis, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable. Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP, €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR and $1.00 CAD to $0.70 as of December 31, 2024 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
(2) Totals may not foot due to rounding.
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Future Minimum Lease Payments
For a summary of future minimum base rent payments, on a cash basis, due to us over the next five calendar years and thereafter (as of December 31, 2024), see Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Polices to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Future Lease Expirations
The following is a summary of lease expirations for the next ten calendar years on the properties we owned as of December 31, 2024:
Year of ExpirationNumber of Leases Expiring
Annualized Straight-Line Rent (1)
Annualized Straight-Line Rent as a Percentage of the Total PortfolioLeased Rentable Square FeetPercent of Leased Square Feet Expiring
(In thousands)(In thousands)
2025176$47,465 7.2 %4,157 7.0 %
202620253,966 8.2 %3,880 7.0 %
202724956,870 8.7 %5,330 9.0 %
202830684,365 12.9 %8,894 15.0 %
202928586,013 13.1 %8,335 14.0 %
203017961,823 9.4 %4,854 8.0 %
20318434,722 5.3 %5,366 9.0 %
20329635,629 5.4 %2,973 5.0 %
20337936,160 5.5 %2,821 5.0 %
20348626,643 4.1 %1,995 3.0 %
Total1,742$523,656 79.8 %48,605 82.0 %
________
(1)Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP, €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR and $1.00 CAD to $0.70 as of December 31, 2024 for the in-place lease in the property on a straight-line basis, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable.
Tenant Concentration
As of December 31, 2024, we did not have any tenant whose rentable square footage or annualized straight-line rent represented greater than 10% of total portfolio rentable square footage or annualized straight-line rent, respectively.
Significant Properties
As of December 31, 2024, we did not have any properties whose rentable square footage or annualized rental income represented greater than 5% of total portfolio rentable square footage or annualized straight-line rent, respectively.
Property Financings
See Note 5 — Mortgage Notes Payable, Net, Note 6— Revolving Credit Facility and Note 7 — Senior Notes, Net to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for property financings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information
Our Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “GNL.” Set forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total stockholder return on our Common Stock, based on the market price of our Common Stock, with the FTSE National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Equity Index (“NAREIT”), Modern Index Strategy Indexes (“MSCI”), and the New York Stock Exchange Index (“NYSE Index”). The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our Common Stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2024.
The performance graph shall not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Annual Report on Form 10-K into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such acts.
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Holders
As of February 24, 2025, we had 230.8 million shares of Common Stock outstanding held by 6,002 stockholders of record.
Dividends
We elected to be taxed as a REIT, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. As a REIT, we are required, among other things, to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. Our ability to pay dividends in the future is dependent on our ability to operate profitably and to generate cash flows from our operations. The amount of dividends payable to our common stockholders is determined by our Board and is dependent on a number of factors, including funds available for dividends, our financial condition, provisions in our Credit Facility or other agreements that may restrict our ability to pay dividends, capital expenditure requirements, as applicable, requirements of Maryland law and annual distribution requirements needed to maintain our status as a REIT.
For additional information on the restrictions on dividends and other distributions in our Credit Facility, see Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and “Item 1A. Risk Factors - If we are not able to increase the amount of cash we have available to pay dividends, we may have to reduce dividend payments or identify other financing sources to fund the payment of dividends at their current levels.”
For tax purposes, of the amounts distributed for Common Stock dividends during the year ended December 31, 2024, 100.0%, or $1.18 per share per annum, represented a return of capital. During the year ended December 31, 2023, 100.0%, or $1.55 per share per annum, represented a return of capital. During the year ended December 31, 2022, 100.0%, or $1.60 per share per annum, represented a return of capital.
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Dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series A Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100% return of capital, respectively. Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock during the year ended December 31, 2022 were considered 69.9% ordinary dividend income.
Dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series B Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100% return of capital, respectively. Dividends paid on Series B Preferred Stock during the year ended December 31, 2022 were considered 69.9% ordinary dividend income.
Dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series D Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100% return of capital, respectively.
Dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series E Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100% return of capital, respectively.
See Note 10 — Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion on tax characteristics of dividends.
Dividends to Common Stockholders
In connection with the Mergers, in October 2023, the Board approved an annual dividend rate on our Common Stock of $1.42 per share, or $0.354 per share on a quarterly basis. The first dividend paid at this rate occurred on October 16, 2023 and, accordingly, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we paid dividends at this rate as well.
On February 26, 2024, the Board approved a dividend policy that reduced our Common Stock dividend rate to an annual rate of $1.10 per share, or $0.275 per share on a quarterly basis. This Common Stock dividend rate became effective with the Common Stock dividend declared and paid in April 2024 and was effective through January 2025.
On February 27, 2025, we announced that our Board plans to reduce our quarterly dividend per share of Common Stock from $0.275 to $0.190 per share, representing an annual dividend rate of $0.76 per share, beginning with the dividend expected to be declared in April 2025. The reduction of the dividend rate is expected to yield benefits to us, including increasing the amount of cash that may be used to lower our leverage.
Dividends have been, and we anticipate will continue to be, paid on a quarterly basis on or around the 15th day of the first month following the end of each fiscal quarter (unless otherwise specified) to common stockholders of record on the record date for such payment.
Dividends to Series A Preferred Stockholders
Dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.453125 per share per quarter to holders of Series A Preferred Stock, which is equivalent to 7.25% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock per annum. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not on a business day, on the next succeeding business day) to holders of record on the close of business on the record date set by our Board, which must be not more than 30 nor fewer than 10 days prior to the applicable payment date.
Dividends to Series B Preferred Stockholders
Dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.4296875 per share per quarter to holders of Series B Preferred Stock, which is equivalent to 6.875% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series B Preferred Stock per annum. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not on a business day, on the next succeeding business day) to holders of record at the close of business on the record date set by our Board.
Dividends to Series D Preferred Stockholders
Dividends on our Series D Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.46875 per share per quarter to Series D Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to the rate of 7.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of each of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not a business day, the next succeeding business day) to holders of record at the close of business on the record date set by our Board.
Dividends to Series E Preferred Stockholders
Dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.4609375 per share per quarter to Series E Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to the rate of 7.375% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. Dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of each of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not a business day, the next succeeding business day) to holders of record at the close of business on the record date set by our Board.
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Item 6. [Reserved]
41
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying financial statements. The following information contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this report for a description of these risks and uncertainties.
Overview
We are an internally managed REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes that focuses on acquiring and managing a global portfolio of income producing net lease assets across the U.S., and Western and Northern Europe. Historically, we focused on acquiring and managing a globally diversified portfolio of strategically-located commercial real estate properties, which consisted primarily of mission-critical, single tenant net-lease assets. As a result of acquiring RTL in the quarter ended September 2023, we acquired a diversified portfolio of 989 properties consisting of primarily necessity-based retail single-tenant and multi-tenant properties located in the U.S. Until September 12, 2023, we were managed by the former Advisor, who managed our day-to-day business with the assistance of the Property Manager, who managed and leased our properties to third parties. Prior to September 12, 2023, the former Advisor and the Property Manager were under common control with AR Global, and these related parties had historically received compensation and fees for various services provided to us. On September 12, 2023, we internalized our advisory and property management functions as well as the advisory and property management functions of RTL. For additional information on the acquisition of RTL and the internalization of our advisory and property management services and RTL’s advisory and property management functions, see Note 3 — The Mergers and Note 12 — Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As of December 31, 2024, we owned 1,121 properties consisting of 60.7 million rentable square feet, which were 97% leased, with a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.2 years. Based on the percentage of annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, approximately 80% of our properties were located in the U.S. and Canada and approximately 20% were located in Europe. In addition, as of December 31, 2024, our portfolio was comprised of 34% Industrial & Distribution properties, 28% Multi-Tenant retail properties, 21% Single-Tenant Retail properties and 17% Office properties. These represent our four reportable segments and the percentages are calculated using annualized straight-line rent converted from local currency into the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) as of December 31, 2024. The straight-line rent includes amounts for tenant concessions.
Our single-tenant properties and our multi-tenant anchor spaces are leased to primarily “Investment Grade” rated tenants in well established markets in the U.S. and Europe. For our purposes, “Investment Grade” includes both actual investment grade ratings of the tenant or guarantor, if available, or implied investment grade. Implied investment grade may include actual ratings of the tenant parent, guarantor parent (regardless of whether or not the parent has guaranteed the tenant’s obligation under the lease) or tenants that are identified as investment grade by using a proprietary Moody’s Analytics tool, which generates an implied rating by measuring an entity’s probability of default. Ratings information is as of December 31, 2024. A total of 60.5% of our rental income on an annualized straight-line basis for leases in place as of December 31, 2024 was derived from Investment Grade rated tenants, comprised of 31.4% leased to tenants with an actual investment grade rating and 29.1% leased to tenants with an implied investment grade rating.
Pending Transactions
RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition
On February 25, 2025, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“RCG PSA”) with RCG to sell a real estate portfolio comprised of 100 multi-tenant retail centers, representing substantially all of our Multi-Tenant Retail segment, located in 28 states for a base purchase price of approximately $1.78 billion, subject to customary purchase price adjustments (the “RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition”). Additionally, the RCG PSA provides for adjustments in connection with certain pre- and post-closing leasing activities. The closing pursuant to RCG PSA is subject to a number of customary conditions, including, but not limited to, (i) the accuracy of the representations and warranties made in the RCG PSA, (ii) the compliance by the parties with their respective covenants), and (iii) with respect to 41 of the multi-tenant retail centers, the consent of certain of our existing lenders for RCG to assume the following debt secured by such properties: (a) approximately $210.0 million secured from Société Générale and UBS AG, and (b) approximately $260.0 million secured from Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Société Générale, KeyBank and Bank of Montreal. The closing of the disposition of the other 59 facilities is not contingent upon assumption of such debt and the closing is not otherwise subject to any financing contingency. We received a $25.0 million non-refundable deposit from RCG in connection with entering into RCG PSA. The RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition is expected to close in three phases: the unencumbered portfolio is scheduled to close by March 31, 2025, while the encumbered portfolio is scheduled to close in two stages during the second quarter of 2025, pending approval of the respective loan assumptions. There can be no assurances that the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition will be consummated on the contemplated terms, if at all.

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Significant Accounting Estimates and Accounting Policies
Set forth below is a summary of the significant accounting estimates and accounting policies that management believes are important to the preparation of our financial statements. Certain of our accounting estimates are particularly important for an understanding of our financial position and results of operations, and require the application of significant judgment by our management. As a result, these estimates are subject to a degree of uncertainty. These significant accounting estimates and accounting policies include:
Revenue Recognition
Our revenues, which are derived primarily from lease contracts, which include rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of each lease agreement and are reported on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. As of December 31, 2024, these leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.2 years. Because many of our leases provide for rental increases at specified intervals, straight-line basis accounting requires us to record a receivable for, and include in revenues, unbilled rent receivables that we will only receive if the tenant makes all rent payments required through the expiration of the initial term of the lease. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our cumulative straight-line rents receivable in the consolidated balance sheets was $99.5 million, and $84.3 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our revenue from tenants included the impact of unbilled rental revenue of $19.2 million, $10.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively, to adjust contractual rent to straight-line rent.
For new leases after acquisition of property, the commencement date is considered to be the date the lease modification is executed. We defer the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates. When we acquire a property, the acquisition date is considered to be the commencement date for purposes of this calculation for all leases in place at the time of acquisition. In our Industrial & Distribution, Single-Tenant Retail and Office segments, in addition to base rent, our lease agreements generally require tenants to pay for their property operating expenses or reimburse us for property operating expenses that we incur (primarily insurance costs and real estate taxes). However, some limited property operating expenses that are not the responsibility of the tenant are absorbed by us. In our Multi-Tenant Retail segment, we own, manage and leases multi-tenant properties where we generally pay for the property operating expenses for those properties and most of our tenants are required to pay their pro rata share of property operating expenses. Under ASC 842, we elected to report combined lease and non-lease components in a single line “Revenue from tenants.” For expenses paid directly by the tenant, under both ASC 842 and 840, we reflected them on a net basis.
We continually review receivables related to rent and unbilled rent receivables and determine collectability by taking into consideration the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property is located. Under lease accounting rules, we are required to assess, based on credit risk only, if it is probable that we will collect virtually all of the lease payments at lease commencement date and we must continue to reassess collectability periodically thereafter based on new facts and circumstances affecting the credit risk of the tenant. Partial reserves, or the ability to assume partial recovery are not permitted. If we determine that it is probable that we will collect virtually all of the lease payments (rent and contractually reimbursable property operating expenses), the lease will continue to be accounted for on an accrual basis (i.e. straight-line). However, if we determine it is not probable that we will collect virtually all of the lease payments, the lease will be accounted for on a cash basis and a full reserve would be recorded on previously accrued amounts in cases where it was subsequently concluded that collection was not probable. Cost recoveries from tenants are included in Revenue from tenants on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations in the period the related costs are incurred, as applicable.
In accordance with lease accounting rules, we record uncollectible amounts as reductions in revenue form tenants. Amounts recorded as reductions of revenue during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 totaled and $3.4 million, $3.5 million, and $0.7 million, respectively.
Investments in Real Estate
Investments in real estate are recorded at cost. Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life of the asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
At the time an asset is acquired, we evaluate the inputs, processes and outputs of the asset acquired to determine if the transaction is a business combination or asset acquisition. If an acquisition qualifies as a business combination, the related transaction costs are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations. If an acquisition qualifies as an asset acquisition, the related transaction costs are generally capitalized and subsequently amortized over the useful life of the acquired assets. See the Purchase Price Allocation section below for a discussion of the initial accounting for investments in real estate.
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Disposal of real estate investments representing a strategic shift in operations that will have a major effect on our operations and financial results are required to be presented as discontinued operations in our consolidated statements of operations. No properties were presented as discontinued operations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Properties that are intended to be sold are designated as “held for sale” on our consolidated balance sheets at the lesser of carrying amount or fair value less estimated selling costs when they meet specific criteria to be presented as held for sale, most significantly that the sale is probable within one year. We evaluate probability of sale based on specific facts including whether a sales agreement is in place and the buyer has made significant non-refundable deposits. Properties are no longer depreciated when they are classified as held for sale. As of December 31, 2024, we had 13 properties classified as held for sale. We had two properties classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023.
Purchase Price Allocation
In both a business combination and an asset acquisition, we allocate the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets or liabilities based on their respective fair values. Tangible assets may include land, land improvements, buildings, fixtures and tenant improvements on an as- if vacant basis. Intangible assets may include the value of in-place leases, and above- and below- market leases and other identifiable assets or liabilities based on lease or property specific characteristics. In addition, any assumed mortgages receivable or payable and any assumed or issued non-controlling interests (in a business combination) are recorded at their estimated fair values. In allocating the fair value to assumed mortgages, amounts are recorded to debt premiums or discounts based on the present value of the estimated cash flows, which is calculated to account for either above- or below-market interest rates. In a business combination, the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is either recorded as goodwill or as a bargain purchase gain. In an asset acquisition, the difference between the acquisition price (including capitalized transaction costs) and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is allocated to the non-current assets. Other than the Mergers, which were accounted for as a business combination, all of the other acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were asset acquisitions. There were no acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2024.
For acquired properties with leases classified as operating leases, we allocate the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their respective fair values. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property and other market data. We also consider information obtained about each property as a result of our pre-acquisition due diligence in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and intangible liabilities assumed.
We utilize various estimates, processes and information to determine the as-if vacant property value. Estimates of value are made using customary methods, including data from appraisals, comparable sales, discounted cash flow, direct capitalization and other methods. Fair value estimates are also made using significant assumptions such as capitalization rates, discount rates, market rent, and land values per square foot. Identifiable intangible assets include amounts allocated to acquire leases for above- and below-market lease rates, and the value of in-place leases, as applicable.
Factors considered in the analysis of the in-place lease intangibles include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up period for each property, taking into account current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at contract rates during the expected lease-up period, which typically ranges from 12 to 18 months. We also estimate costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
Above-market and below-market lease values for acquired properties are initially recorded based on the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease, and (ii) management’s estimate of market rent for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining initial term of the lease for above-market leases and the remaining term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases.
The aggregate value of intangible assets related to customer relationships, as applicable, is measured based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and our overall relationship with the tenant. Characteristics considered by us in determining these values include the nature and extent of its existing business relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals, among other factors.
Accounting for Leases
Lessor Accounting
In accordance with the lease accounting standard, all of our leases as lessor prior to adoption of ASC 842 were accounted for as operating leases and we continued to account for them as operating leases under the transition guidance. We evaluate new leases originated after the adoption date (by us or by a predecessor lessor/owner) pursuant to the new guidance where a lease for some or all of a building is classified by a lessor as a sales-type lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership reside
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with the tenant. This situation is met if, among other things, there is an automatic transfer of title during the lease, a bargain purchase option, the non-cancelable lease term is for more than major part of remaining economic useful life of the asset (e.g., equal to or greater than 75%), if the present value of the minimum lease payments represents substantially all (e.g., equal to or greater than 90%) of the leased property’s fair value at lease inception, or if the asset so specialized in nature that it provides no alternative use to the lessor (and therefore would not provide any future value to the lessor) after the lease term. Further, such new leases would be evaluated to consider whether they would be failed sale-leaseback transactions and accounted for as financing transactions by the lessor. During the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, we did not have any leases as a lessor that would be considered as sales-type leases or financings.
As a lessor of real estate, we have elected, by class of underlying assets, to account for lease and non-lease components (such as tenant reimbursements of property operating expenses) as a single lease component as an operating lease because (a) the non-lease components have the same timing and pattern of transfer as the associated lease component; and (b) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. Additionally, only incremental direct leasing costs may be capitalized under the accounting guidance. Indirect leasing costs in connection with new or extended tenant leases, if any, are being expensed as incurred.
As of December 31, 2024, we had two parcels of land leased to tenants that qualify as financing leases which were acquired in the REIT Merger. The carrying value of these leases was $6.7 million and $6.6 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and the amounts are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Income of $0.7 million and $0.2 million relating to these two leases is included in revenue from tenants in our consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Lessee Accounting
For lessees, the accounting standard requires the application of a dual lease classification approach, classifying leases as either operating or finance leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, while lease expense for finance leases is recognized based on an effective interest method over the term of the lease. Also, lessees must recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Further, certain transactions where at inception of the lease the buyer-lessor accounted for the transaction as a purchase of real estate and a new lease may now be required to have symmetrical accounting to the seller-lessee if the transaction was not a qualified sale-leaseback and accounted for as a financing transaction. For additional information and disclosures related to the Company’s operating leases, see Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
We are the lessee under certain land leases which were previously classified prior to adoption of ASC 842 and will continue to be classified as operating leases under transition elections unless subsequently modified, as well as land leases and other operating leases that were acquired or entered into in connection with the Mergers. These leases are reflected on the balance sheet as right of use assets and operating lease liabilities and the rent expense is reflected on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Impairment
We assess each of our real estate properties for indicators of impairment quarterly or when circumstances indicate that the property may be impaired. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability by determining whether the carrying values will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future operating cash flows expected from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition over an estimated hold period of ten years in most cases. If we believe there is a significant possibility that we might dispose of the assets earlier, we assess the recoverability using a probability weighted analysis of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the various possible holding periods. If the recoverability assessment indicates that the carrying value of the real estate investment is not recoverable from the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, we will record an impairment to the extent that the carrying value of the property exceeds its estimated fair value.
Fair values are estimated based on contract prices for properties to be disposed, discounted cash flows or market comparable transactions. The estimation of future cash flows is subjective and is based on various assumptions, including but not limited to market rental rates, capitalization rates, hold periods, and discount rates. Determining the appropriate capitalization or discount rate requires significant judgment and is typically based on many factors, including the prevailing rate for the market or submarket, as well as the quality and location of the real estate property.
Properties held for sale are carried at the lower of their carrying values or estimated fair values less costs to sell. The estimates of fair value typically consider contracts or the results of negotiations with prospective purchasers. These estimates are subject to revision as market conditions, and our assessment of such conditions, change. These assessments have a direct impact on net income because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net earnings.
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Gains and Losses on Dispositions of Real Estate Investments
Gains on sales of rental real estate are not considered sales to customers and are generally recognized pursuant to the provisions included in ASC 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (“ASC 610-20”).
Depreciation and Amortization
We are required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives of the components of our real estate investments for purposes of determining the amount of depreciation to record on an annual basis. These assessments have a direct impact on our results from operations because if we were to shorten the expected useful lives of our real estate investments, we would depreciate these investments over fewer years, resulting in more depreciation expense and lower earnings on an annual basis.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of up to 40 years for buildings, 15 years for land and building improvements, five years for fixtures and improvements and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term for tenant improvements and leasehold interests.
The value of in-place leases, exclusive of the value of above-market and below-market in-place leases, is amortized to expense over the remaining periods of the respective leases.
If the tenant terminated its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles is accelerated through the termination date or the date of the tenant vacates the space to expense.
Assumed mortgage premiums or discounts are amortized as an increase or reduction to interest expense over the remaining terms of the respective mortgages.
Deferred leasing commissions are recorded over the terms of the related leases. The amortization expense related to leasing commissions incurred from third parties are recorded in depreciation and amortization. Prior to the Mergers, amortization expense related to leasing commissions incurred from the former Advisor were recorded within operating fees to related parties in the consolidated statements of operations. As a result of the Mergers, we no longer pay any leasing commissions to the former Advisor.
Above and Below-Market Lease Amortization
Capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of revenue from tenants over the remaining terms of the respective leases and the capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to revenue from tenants over the remaining initial terms plus the terms of any below-market fixed rate renewal options of the respective leases. If a tenant with a below-market rent renewal does not renew, any remaining unamortized amount will be taken into income at that time.
Above-market intangibles and below-market intangibles will also be treated in the same way as in-place intangibles upon a lease termination.
If a tenant modifies its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value, customer relationship intangibles, above-market leases and below market leases are assessed to determine whether their useful lives need to be amended (generally accelerated). Generally, we would not extend the useful lives of their intangible values upon a modification that is an extension.
The amortization associated with our ROUs is recorded in property operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases.
Goodwill
We evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually or upon the occurrence of a triggering event. We performed our annual impairment evaluation in the fourth quarter of 2024 to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of our reporting units were less than their carrying value. For purposes of this assessment, an operating segment is a reporting unit. Based on our assessment, we determined that no goodwill was impaired as of December 31, 2024.

We will continue to assess for triggering events. A triggering event is an occurrence or circumstance that indicates it is more likely than not that goodwill may be impaired. In such cases, an interim impairment test is required before the next annual evaluation. Should any triggering event occur, we would evaluate the carrying value of our goodwill by segment through an impairment test. If impairment is warranted, the charge would be recorded through the consolidated statement of operations as a reduction to earnings. We assessed the potential sale of 100 of our multi-tenant retail properties pursuant to the RCG PSA (see Note 17 — Subsequent Events to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information) as a triggering event and determined that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2024. We will continue to monitor the multi-tenant retail segment’s goodwill if and when the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition closes in 2025.
Derivative Instruments
We may use derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts, to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings. In addition, all foreign currency denominated borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility are designated as net investment hedges. Certain of our foreign operations expose us to fluctuations of foreign interest rates and exchange rates. These fluctuations may impact the
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value of our cash receipts and payments in our functional currency, the USD. We enter into derivative financial instruments to protect the value or fix the amount of certain obligations in terms of its functional currency.
We record all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in foreign operations. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. We may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or we elect not to apply hedge accounting.
The accounting for subsequent changes in the fair value of these derivatives depends on whether each has been designed and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment. If we elect not to apply hedge accounting treatment (or for derivatives that do not qualify as hedges), any changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments is recognized immediately in gains (losses) on derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of operations. If a derivative is designated and qualifies for cash flow hedge accounting treatment, the change in the estimated fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income to the extent that it is effective. Any ineffective portion of a change in derivative fair value is immediately recorded in earnings.
Equity-Based Compensation
We have stock-based incentive plans under which our directors, officers, employees, consultants or entities that provide services to us are, or have historically been, eligible to receive awards. Awards granted thereunder are accounted for under the guidance for employee share-based payments. The cost of services received in exchange for a stock award is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and the expense for such awards is included in equity-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and is recognized over the vesting period or when the requirements for exercise of the award have been met.
We have historically issued Restricted Shares, restricted stock units in respect of shares of Common Stock (“RSUs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”). Also, although none remain outstanding as of December 31, 2024 or 2023, we historically had issued long-term incentive plan units of limited partner interest in the OP (“GNL LTIP Units”). For additional information on all of the equity-based compensation awards issued by us, see Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.
Results of Operations
Below is a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Please see the “Results of Operations” section located on page 39 under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022.
In our Industrial & Distribution, Single-Tenant Retail and Office segments, we own, manage and lease single-tenant properties where in addition to base rent, our tenants are required to pay for their property operating expenses or reimburse us for property operating expenses that we incur (primarily property insurance and real estate taxes). However, some limited property operating expenses that are not the responsibility of the tenant are absorbed by us. The main exceptions are properties leased to the Government Services Administration, which do not require the tenant to reimburse the costs.
In our Multi-Tenant Retail segment, we own, manage and lease multi-tenant properties where we generally pay for the property operating expenses for those properties and most of our tenants are required to pay their pro rata share of property operating expenses. We will dispose of substantially all of the properties in our Multi-Tenant Retail segment if the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition is consummated in accordance with the terms contemplated by the RCG PSA, and following the final closing we will no longer report results from the Multi-Tenant Retail segment as an operating segment or in the consolidated operating results of the Company. There can be no assurances that the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition will be consummated on the contemplated terms, if at all.
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As more fully discussed in Note 1 — Organization and Note 3 — The Mergers to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 we completed the Mergers which will affect comparable results from operations until the properties acquired have been held for all periods presented. As a result, comparisons of our period to period financial information as set forth herein may not be meaningful. The historical financial information included herein as of any date, or for any periods, prior to September 12, 2023 represents our financial information, prior to the Mergers, on a stand-alone basis.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2024 to the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders
Net loss attributable to common stockholders was $175.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $239.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in net loss attributable to common stockholders is discussed in detail for each line item of the consolidated statements of operations in the sections that follow.
Revenue from Tenants
Consolidated revenue from tenants, detailed by reportable segment, is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)2024
2023 (1)
Revenue From Tenants:
Industrial & Distribution $237,645 $220,102 
Multi-Tenant Retail259,280 79,799 
Single-Tenant Retail164,514 65,478 
Office143,571 149,691 
Total Consolidated Revenue From Tenants$805,010 $515,070 
_______
(1) Amounts in the Single-Tenant Retail segment and Office segment reflect changes to the reclassification of one tenant from the Office segment to the Single-Tenant Retail segment to conform to the current year presentation based on a re-evaluation of the property type.
Industrial & Distribution
Revenue from tenants in our Industrial & Distribution segment was $237.6 million and $220.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in revenue from tenants was primarily driven by a full year of revenue attributable to properties acquired from RTL on the Acquisition Date for the year ended December 31, 2024, with minimal impact from the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates during the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
Multi-Tenant Retail
Revenue from tenants in our Multi-Tenant Retail segment was $259.3 million and $79.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in revenue from tenants was driven by a full year of revenue attributable to properties acquired from RTL on the Acquisition Date for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Single-Tenant Retail
Revenue from tenants in our Single-Tenant Retail segment was $164.5 million and $65.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was primarily due to a full year of revenue attributable to properties acquired from RTL on the Acquisition Date for the year ended December 31, 2024, with minimal impact from the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates during the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
Office
Revenue from tenants in our Office segment was $143.6 million and $149.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by dispositions during the year ended December 31, 2024, partially offset by a full period of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2024 attributable to properties acquired from RTL on the Acquisition Date for the year ended December 31, 2024, with minimal impact from the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates during the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
Property Operating Expenses
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Consolidated property operating expenses, detailed by reportable segment, is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)2024
2023 (1)
Property Operating Expenses:
Industrial & Distribution $21,820 $15,457 
Multi-Tenant Retail86,025 26,951 
Single-Tenant Retail15,787 6,045 
Office18,865 19,386 
Total Consolidated Property Operating Expenses $142,497 $67,839 
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(1) Amounts in the Single-Tenant Retail segment and Office segment reflect changes to the reclassification of one tenant from the Office segment to the Single-Tenant Retail segment to conform to the current year presentation based on a re-evaluation of the property type.
Industrial & Distribution
Property operating expenses in our Industrial & Distribution segment were $21.8 million and $15.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change was primarily due to the timing of our reimbursable costs and a full period of expenses attributable to properties acquired from RTL on the Acquisition Date for the year ended December 31, 2024, with minimal impact from dispositions and the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates during the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
Multi-Tenant Retail
Property operating expenses in our Multi-Tenant Retail were $86.0 million and $27.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in property operating expenses was driven by a full period of expenses attributable to properties acquired from RTL on the Acquisition Date for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Single-Tenant Retail
Property operating expenses in our Single-Tenant Retail were $15.8 million and $6.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was primarily due to an increase in property operating expenses resulting from a full period of expenses attributable to properties acquired from RTL on the Acquisition Date for the year ended December 31, 2024, with minimal impact from the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
Office
Property operating expenses in our Office segment were $18.9 million and $19.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the timing of our reimbursable expenses , with minimal impact from the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates,when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
Operating Fees to Related Parties
Due to the completion of the Internalization Merger there were no operating fees paid to related parties in the year ended December 31, 2024. Upon the closing of the Mergers, we no longer pay asset management fees to the former Advisor or property management fees to the Property Manager and we internalized our management functions. While we no longer pay the costs of the various fees and expense reimbursements previously paid to the former Advisor and the Property Manager, after the Internalization Merger, our expenses now include the compensation and benefits of our officers, employees, and consultants, as well as overhead expenses, previously paid by those entities in managing our business and operations, which are recorded in general and administrative expenses from the Acquisition Date forward, including in the form of equity compensation. Operating fees paid to related parties were $28.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. For additional information, see Note 12 — Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Impairment Charges
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we determined that the fair values of 56 of our properties (54 in the U.S. and two in the U.K) had an estimated fair value that was lower than the carrying value of the properties. The estimated fair values for 54 of the properties were based on the estimated selling price of such properties and the remainder were based on market comparable transactions, and, as a result, we recorded impairment charges, including impairments to intangible assets of approximately $90.4 million. 48 of the 56 properties that were impaired during the year ended 2024 were acquired in the REIT Merger.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded aggregate impairment charges of $68.7 million, as described below:
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•During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we determined that one of our properties located in Scotland (which was owned prior to the REIT Merger) had an estimated fair value that was lower than its carrying value based on the estimated selling price of the property, and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.8 million. Also during three months ended December 31, 2023, we determined that two of our properties located in the U.S. (which were acquired in the REIT Merger) had an estimated fair value that was lower than their carrying value based on the estimated selling prices of the properties, and, as a result, we recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.2 million.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2023 we determined that the fair values of four of our properties (one in the U.K. and three in the U.S.) were lower than their carrying values. These properties were all owned by us prior to the REIT Merger. As a result, we recorded impairment charges for these properties, including impairments to intangible assets totaling $65.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023. The impairment charge for the property in the U.K. was based on a calculation of the estimated fair value of the property. The impairment charges for the properties in the U.S. were based on the estimated selling prices of the properties.

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Merger, Transaction and Other Costs
We recognized $6.0 million and $54.5 million of acquisition, transaction and other costs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was due to higher advisory, legal and other professional costs incurred in the year ended December 31, 2023 that were directly related to the Mergers.
Settlement Costs
We recognized settlement costs of $29.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, which related to the cash reimbursement of approximately $8.8 million of expenses to the Blackwells/Related Parties (as defined in Note 10 — Stockholders’ Equity to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) and non-cash equity expense of approximately $20.9 million for Common Stock issued to Blackwells under the Cooperation Agreement (as defined in Note 10 — Stockholders’ Equity to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K).
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expenses were $57.7 million and $40.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which primarily consist of employee compensation/payroll expenses, professional fees including audit and taxation related services, board member compensation, and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The overall increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a full period of management expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 as a result of the Internalization.
Equity-Based Compensation
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized equity-based compensation expense of $8.9 million and $17.3 million, respectively. Equity-based compensation in both periods consists of (i) amortization of Restricted Shares granted to employees of the former Advisor or its affiliates who were involved in providing services to us prior to the Internalization, some of which vested at the closing of the Mergers; (ii) amortization of RSUs granted to our employees (after the Internalization) and our independent directors, and (iii) amortization expense related to PSUs that were issued in October of 2023. Equity-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023 included amortization expense for Restricted Shares, RSUs, PSUs and expense related to the 2021 OPP, which expired on September 11, 2023. The decrease in the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the prior year, was due to higher compensation expense recorded in the third quarter of 2023 as a result of an accelerated amortization expense due to a modification to the 2021 OPP (for additional information, see Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K).
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense was $349.9 million and $222.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was due to the full year period of additional depreciation and amortization expense recorded as a result of the impact of the REIT Merger for a full year period in the year ended December 31 2024 and the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates during the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
Gain (Loss) on Dispositions of Real Estate Investments
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold 178 properties, 164 of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, and recorded an aggregate gain of $57.0 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold 11 properties, 10 of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, and recorded an aggregate loss of $1.7 million.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $326.9 million and $179.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was due to higher non-cash amortization expense due to the amortization of discounts recorded on debt acquired in the REIT Merger. Our total gross debt outstanding was $4.7 billion as of December 31, 2024 as compared to $5.4 billion as of December 31, 2023. The weighted-average effective interest rate of our total debt was 4.8% as of each of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The increase in interest expense was also impacted by the year-over-year change in average foreign exchange rates during the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. As of the year ended December 31, 2024, approximately 11% of our total debt outstanding was denominated in EUR, 9% of our total debt outstanding was denominated in GBP and 1% was denominated in CAD. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 10% of our total debt outstanding was denominated in EUR, 8% of our total debt outstanding was denominated in GBP, and 1% was denominated in CAD.
We view a combination of secured and unsecured financing as an efficient and accretive means to acquire properties and manage working capital. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 49% of our total debt outstanding was secured and 51% was
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unsecured, the latter including amounts outstanding under our Credit Facility and Senior Notes. The availability of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility is based on the value of a pool of eligible unencumbered real estate assets owned by us and compliance with various ratios related to those assets. Our interest expense in future periods will vary based on interest rates, the level of future borrowings, which will depend on refinancing needs and acquisition activity, and changes in currency exchange rates.
Loss on Extinguishment and Modification of Debt
The loss on extinguishment and modification of debt of $15.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, was due to cash payments made upon repaying certain mortgage loans, primarily related to the fee required to be paid upon repayment of the mortgage loan in the second quarter of 2024 that encumbered our McLaren properties in the U.K.
The loss on extinguishment and modification of debt of $1.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to early pre-payment penalties from certain mortgage paydowns.
Gain (loss) on Derivative Instruments
The gain (loss) on derivative instruments was a gain of $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and a loss of $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. These amounts reflect the marked-to-market impact from foreign currency and interest rate derivative instruments used to hedge the investment portfolio from currency and interest rate movements, and was mainly impacted by currency rate changes in the GBP and EUR compared to the USD. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the gain on derivative instruments consisted of unrealized gains of $3.4 million and realized gains of $0.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the loss on derivative instruments consisted of unrealized losses of $7.3 million and realized gains of $3.6 million. The overall gain (or loss) on derivative instruments directly impact our results of operations since they are recorded on the gain on derivative instruments line item in our consolidated results of operations. However, only the realized gains are included AFFO (as defined below).
As a result of our foreign investments in Europe, and, to a lesser extent, our investments in Canada, we are subject to risk from the effects of exchange rate movements in the EUR, GBP and, to a lesser extent, CAD against the USD, which may affect costs and cash flows in our functional currency, the USD. We generally manage foreign currency exchange rate movements by matching our debt service obligation to the lender and the tenant’s rental obligation to us in the same currency. This reduces our overall exposure to currency fluctuations. In addition, we may use currency hedging to further reduce the exposure to our net cash flow. We are generally a net receiver of these currencies (we receive more cash than we pay out), and therefore our results of operations of our foreign properties benefit from a weaker USD, and are adversely affected by a stronger USD, relative to the foreign currency. Conversely, realized gains from derivatives would generally be lower from a weaker USD, and higher from a stronger USD. We maintain our hedging approach by consistently entering into new foreign exchange forwards for three year periods. Interest rate increases could increase the interest expense on our floating rate debt or any new debt and we are constantly evaluating the use of hedging strategies to mitigate this risk.
Unrealized Gains on Undesignated Foreign Currency Advances and Other Hedge Ineffectiveness
We recorded gains of $3.2 million on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness, related to the accelerated reclassification of amounts in other comprehensive income to earnings as a result of certain hedged forecasted transactions becoming probable not to occur, for the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we did not record any amounts due to currency changes on the undesignated excess foreign currency advances over the related net investments.
Income Tax Expense
Although as a REIT we generally do not pay U.S. federal income taxes on the amount of REIT taxable income that is distributed to shareholders, we recognize income tax (expense) benefit domestically for state taxes and local income taxes incurred, if any, and also in foreign jurisdictions in which we own properties. In addition, we perform an analysis of potential deferred tax or future tax benefit and expense as a result of book and tax differences and timing differences in taxes across jurisdictions. Income tax expense was $4.4 million and $14.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For additional information, see Note 16 — Income Taxes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Preferred Stock Dividends
Preferred Stock dividends were $43.7 million and $27.4 million during years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was due to dividends from our Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, both of which were assumed from RTL in the REIT Merger.

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities
The level of cash flows provided by operating activities is driven by, among other things, rental income received, operating fees paid to parties that were previously considered related parties (the former Advisor) and for asset and property management, and interest payments on outstanding borrowings.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was $299.5 million. Cash flows provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 reflect net loss of $131.6 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $514.0 million (primarily depreciation, amortization of intangibles, amortization of deferred financing costs, amortization of mortgage discounts, amortization of above- and below-market lease and ground lease assets and liabilities, amortization of right of use assets, amortization of lease incentives and commissions, unbilled straight-line rent, equity-based compensation, unrealized gains on foreign currency transactions, derivatives and other non-cash items). In addition, operating cash flow was impacted by lease incentive and commission payments of $7.8 million and a net decrease of $30.8 million in working capital items due to an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $6.2 million, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $22.2 million and a decrease in prepaid rent of $15.5 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was $143.7 million. Cash flows provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect net loss of $211.9 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $339.1 million (primarily depreciation, amortization of intangibles, amortization of deferred financing costs, amortization of mortgage discounts, amortization of above- and below-market lease and ground lease assets and liabilities, amortization of right of use assets, amortization of lease incentives and commissions, unbilled straight-line rent, equity-based compensation, unrealized gains on foreign currency transactions, derivatives and impairment charges). In addition, operating cash flow was impacted by lease incentive and commission payments of $2.8 million and a decrease of $5.5 million in working capital items due to an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $7.6 million, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $9.6 million and a decrease in prepaid rent of $0.7 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 of $759.9 million primarily consisted of net proceeds from dispositions of $803.4 million, partially offset by capital expenditures of $45.6 million.
Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $551.9 million consisted of net cash used to complete the Mergers of $451.4 million, cash used for other property acquisitions of $134.1 million and capital expenditures of $47.3 million, partially offset by proceeds from dispositions of $80.9 million.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities of $995.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 was a result of net payments of principal on mortgage notes payable of $332.2 million, net paydowns of borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility of $322.4 million, dividends paid to common stockholders of $272.4 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series A Preferred Stock of $12.3 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series B Preferred Stock of $8.1 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series D Preferred Stock of $14.9 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series E Preferred Stock of $8.5 million, penalties and charges related to repayments and early repayments of debt of $15.9 million and cash paid for financing costs of $7.6 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $469.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was a result of net proceeds from borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility of $1.1 billion (for additional information on Revolving Credit Facility activity, see the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below), partially offset by net payments on mortgage notes payable of $340.4 million, dividends paid to common stockholders of $207.0 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series A Preferred Stock of $12.3 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series B Preferred Stock of $8.1 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series D Preferred Stock of $3.7 million, dividends paid to holders of our Series E Preferred Stock of $2.1 million and distributions to non-controlling interest holders of $3.2 million. Distributions to non-controlling interest holders increased $2.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, when compared to last year, due to the priority catch-up distribution to the former Advisor in respect of the 883,750 GNL LTIP Units that were earned under the 2021 OPP. The Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred stock were each assumed by GNL in September 2023 in connection with the REIT Merger, and therefore the dividends paid noted above represent one quarter of dividends in the year ended December 31, 2023.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal future needs for cash and cash equivalents includes the purchase of additional properties or other investments, payment of related acquisition costs, improvement costs, operating and administrative expenses, repayment of certain debt obligations, which includes our continuing debt service obligations and dividends to holders of our Common Stock and Preferred Stock as well as to any future class or series of preferred stock we may issue. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $159.7 million and $121.6 million, respectively. See discussion above our how our cash flows from various sources impacted our cash.
Management expects that cash generated from operations, supplemented by our existing cash, will be sufficient to fund, in the near and long term, the payment of quarterly dividends to our common stockholders and holders of our Preferred Stock, as well as anticipated capital expenditures. During the year ended December 31, 2024, cash generated from operations covered 94.7% of our dividends paid. In addition, we plan on continuing to manage our leverage by using proceeds from strategic or opportunistic dispositions to reduce our debt, and we currently have entered into purchase and sale agreements (“PSA’s”) and non-binding letters of intent (“LOI’s”) totaling an aggregate of $2.1 billion, inclusive of the RCG PSA described below. The PSAs and LOIs are subject to conditions and there can be no assurance we will be able to complete these dispositions on their contemplated terms, or at all.
Our other sources of capital, which we have used and may use in the future, include proceeds received from our Revolving Credit Facility, proceeds from secured or unsecured financings (which may include note issuances), proceeds from our offerings of equity securities (including Common Stock and Preferred Stock), proceeds from any future sales of properties, including proceeds from the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition and undistributed cash flows from operations, if any.
Acquisitions, Dispositions and Pending Transactions
We are in the business of acquiring real estate properties and leasing the properties to tenants. Generally, we fund our acquisitions through a combination of cash and cash equivalents, proceeds from offerings of equity securities, borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and proceeds from mortgage or other debt secured by the acquired or other assets at the time of acquisition or at some later point. In addition, to the extent we dispose of properties, we have used and may continue to use the net proceeds from the dispositions (after repayment of any mortgage debt, if any) for future acquisitions or other general corporate purposes.
Acquisitions and Dispositions — Year Ended December 31, 2024
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold 178 properties, 164 of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, for a contract price of $835.4 million.
We did not acquire any properties during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Dispositions Subsequent to December 31, 2024 and Pending Transactions
Subsequent to December 31, 2024, we disposed of 13 properties for an aggregate price of $19.2 million.
In addition, as of February 25, 2025, we had signed PSA’s to dispose of 232 properties for an aggregate sale price of $2.0 billion and we have signed LOI’s to dispose of 3 properties for an aggregate sale price of $15.1 million.
On February 25, 2025, we entered into the RCG PSA to sell a real estate portfolio comprised of 100 multi-tenant retail centers located in 28 states for a base purchase price of approximately $1.78 billion, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. The closing of the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition is subject to a number of customary conditions, including, but not limited to, with respect to 41 of the multi-tenant retail centers, the consent of certain of our existing lenders for RCG to assume the following debt secured by such properties: (a) approximately $210.0 million secured from Société Générale and UBS AG, and (b) approximately $260.0 million secured from Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Société Générale, KeyBank and Bank of Montreal. The closing of the disposition of the other 59 facilities is not contingent upon assumption of such debt and the closing is not otherwise subject to any financing contingency. We received a $25.0 million non-refundable deposit from RCG in connection with entering into RCG PSA. The RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition is expected to close in three phases: the unencumbered portfolio is scheduled to close by March 31, 2025, while the encumbered portfolio is scheduled to close in two stages during the second quarter of 2025, pending approval of the respective loan assumptions.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 20, 2025, our Board authorized a stock buyback program for up to an aggregate amount of $300.0 million of shares of Common Stock. Under the program, which does not have a stated expiration date, we may repurchase shares of Common Stock from time to time through open market purchases, including pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 pre-set trading plans and under Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase transactions entered into with one or more counterparties or otherwise, in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, volume, and nature of repurchases are subject to market conditions, applicable securities laws, and other factors, and the program may be amended, suspended or discontinued at any time. The program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares of Common Stock.
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Equity Offerings
Common Stock
We have an “at the market” equity offering program (the “Common Stock ATM Program”) pursuant to which we may sell shares of Common Stock, from time to time through our sales agents. In November 2022, we filed a new shelf registration statement and prospectus supplement covering the Common Stock ATM Program having an aggregate offering amount of up to $285.0 million, prior to the expiration of our previous registration statement, which had an aggregate offering amount of up to $500.0 million ($285.0 million was sold under our previous registration statement). During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not sell any shares of Common Stock through the Common Stock ATM Program.
Preferred Stock
We have an “at the market” equity offering program for our Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock ATM Program”) pursuant to which we may sell shares of Series B Preferred Stock, from time to time through our sales agents. In November 2022, we filed a new shelf registration statement and prospectus supplement covering the Series B Preferred Stock ATM Program having an aggregate offering amount of up to $170.0 million, prior to the expiration of our previous registration statement, which had an aggregate offering amount of up to $200.0 million. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not sell any shares of Series B Preferred Stock through the Series B Preferred Stock ATM Program.
The timing differences between when we raise equity proceeds or receive proceeds from dispositions and when we invest those proceeds in acquisitions or other investments that increase our operating cash flows have affected, and may continue to affect, our results of operations.
Borrowings
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had total gross debt outstanding of $4.7 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively, bearing interest at a weighted-average interest rate per annum equal to 4.8% for both 2024 and 2023. Approximately $464.5 million of our debt, consisting only of mortgage notes payable, matures in 2025 (see Mortgage Notes Payable below for more information).
As of December 31, 2024, 91% of our total debt outstanding either bore interest at fixed rates, or was swapped to a fixed rate, which bore interest at a weighted-average interest rate of 4.7% per annum. As of December 31, 2024, 9% of our total debt outstanding was variable-rate debt, which bore interest at a weighted- average interest rate of 6.0% per annum (20% variable with a rate of 7.2% in 2023). The total gross carrying value of unencumbered assets as of December 31, 2024 was $4.8 billion, of which approximately $4.5 billion was included in the unencumbered asset pool comprising the borrowing base under the Revolving Credit Facility and therefore is not available to serve as collateral for future borrowings.
Our debt leverage ratio was 63.8% (total debt as a percentage of total purchase price of real estate investments, based on the exchange rate at the time of purchase) as of December 31, 2024. See Note 8 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of fair value of such debt as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024 the weighted-average maturity of our indebtedness was 3.0 years. We believe we have the ability to service our debt obligations as they come due.
As noted above, we plan on continuing to manage our leverage by using proceeds from strategic or opportunistic dispositions to reduce our debt, and we currently have entered into PSA’s and LOI’s totaling an aggregate of $2.1 billion, inclusive of the RCG PSA.
Senior Notes
In connection with the REIT Merger, we assumed and became a guarantor under RTL’s $500.0 million aggregate principal, 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “4.50% Senior Notes”), pursuant to a supplemental indenture governing the 4.50% Senior Notes. Both the 4.50% Senior Notes and our original 3.75% Senior Notes (together, the “Senior Notes”) do not require any principal payments prior to maturity. As of December 31, 2024, the carrying amount of the outstanding Senior Notes on our balance sheets totaled $906.1 million which is net of $93.9 million of deferred financing costs and discounts, and as of December 31, 2023 the carrying amount of the outstanding Senior Notes on our balance sheets totaled $886.0 million, which is net of $114.0 million of deferred financing costs. See Note 7 — Senior Notes, Net to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion on the Senior Notes and related covenants.
Mortgage Notes Payable
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had secured mortgage notes payable of $2.2 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, net of mortgage discounts and deferred financing costs. All of our current mortgage loans require payment of interest-only with the principal due at maturity. We have $464.5 million of principal payments due on our mortgages during the year ending December 31, 2025. Significant activity related to our mortgage notes payable was as follows (see Note 5 — Mortgage Notes Payable, Net for additional information):
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•In April 2024, we repaid our mortgage loan that encumbered our McLaren properties in the United Kingdom, which had a balance of $127.5 million as of March 31, 2024, using borrowings under the GBP portion of our Revolving Credit Facility.
•On April 5, 2024, we entered into a commercial mortgage-backed security Loan Agreement (“CMBS Loan II”) with (i) Bank of Montreal, (ii) Société Générale Financial Corporation, (iii) Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc. and (iv) KeyBank National Association (each individually, a “Lender,” and collectively, the “Lenders”), in the aggregate amount of $237.0 million. CMBS Loan II is secured by, among other things, first priority mortgages on 20 industrial properties that we own across the United States. CMBS Loan II has a 5-year term, is interest-only (payable monthly) at a fixed rate of 5.74% per year and matures on April 6, 2029. CMBS Loan II contains certain covenants, including, certain obligations to reserve funds and requires us to maintain a net worth of $150.0 million and liquid assets having a market value of at least $10.0 million. We used the net proceeds to pay down draws on the USD portion of the Revolving Credit Facility (as noted below).
•In June 2024, we repaid our mortgage loan that encumbered our properties in The Netherlands and Luxembourg, which had a balance of $116.3 million as of March 31, 2024, using borrowings under the EUR portion of our Revolving Credit Facility.
•In June 2024, we repaid approximately $139.0 million of our Column Financial Mortgage Notes using net proceeds from the disposition of certain properties.
Credit Facility
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility were $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we made net additional paydowns of $322.4 million on the Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2024, approximately $332.5 million was available for future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
The Credit Agreement requires payments of interest only prior to maturity. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate per annum based on an applicable margin that varies based on the ratio of consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated total asset value of us and our subsidiaries plus either (i) the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (ii) the applicable Benchmark Rate (as defined in the Credit Facility) for the currency being borrowed. The applicable interest rate margin is based on a range from 0.30% to 0.90% per annum with respect to Base Rate borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and 1.30% to 1.90% per annum with respect to Benchmark Rate borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. These spreads reflect a reduction from the previous spreads. For Benchmark Rate Loans denominated in Dollars that bear interest calculated by reference to Term SOFR, there is an additional spread adjustment depending on the length of the interest period. In addition, (i) if we achieve an investment grade credit rating from at least two rating agencies, the OP can elect for the spread to be based on our credit rating, and (ii) the “floor” on the applicable Benchmark is 0%. As of December 31, 2024, the Revolving Credit Facility had a weighted-average effective interest rate of 5.7% after giving effect to interest rate swaps in place.
The Revolving Credit Facility matures on October 8, 2026, subject to our option, subject to customary conditions, to extend the maturity date by up to two additional six-month terms. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be prepaid at any time, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage costs associated with borrowings for the applicable Benchmark Rate.
The Revolving Credit Facility requires us through the OP to pay an unused fee per annum of 0.25% of the unused balance of the Revolving Credit Facility if the unused balance exceeds or is equal to 50% of the total commitment or a fee per annum of 0.15% of the unused balance of the Revolving Credit Facility if the unused balance is less than 50% of the total commitment. From and after the time we obtain an investment grade credit rating, the unused fee will be replaced with a facility fee based on the total commitment under the Revolving Credit Facility multiplied by 0.30%, decreasing as our credit rating increases.
The availability of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility is based on the value of a pool of eligible unencumbered real estate assets owned by us and compliance with various ratios related to those assets. Also, we have a $7.4 million letter of credit held by lenders which were put in place to cure cash trap sweep events under one of our mortgages. These letters of credit reduce the availability for future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Any future borrowings may, at our option be denominated in USD, EUR, CAD, GBP Norwegian Krone, Swedish Krona and Swiss Francs, provided that the total principal amount of non-USD loans cannot exceed the sum of the total revolving commitments minus $100.0 million. Amounts borrowed may not, however, be converted to, or repaid in, another currency once borrowed.
Covenants
As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the covenants under the indenture governing the 3.75% Senior Notes, the indenture governing the 4.50% Senior Notes and the Credit Agreement (see Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility and Note 7 — Senior Notes, Net to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion on the Credit Facility and Senior Notes and the related covenants).
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As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all property-level debt covenants with the exception of four property-level debt instruments. For those four property-level debt instruments, we either (a) implemented a cure to the underlying noncompliance trigger by providing a letter of credit, or (b) permitted excess net cash flow after debt service from the impacted properties to become restricted, in each case in accordance with the terms of the applicable debt instrument. Each letter of credit, for so long as it is outstanding, represents a dollar-for-dollar reduction to availability for future borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. While the restricted cash cannot not be used for general corporate purposes, it is available to fund operations of the underlying assets. These matters did not have a material impact on our ability to operate the impacted assets and do not constitute events of default under the applicable debt instruments.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This section discusses the non-GAAP financial measures we use to evaluate our performance including Funds from Operations (“FFO”), Core Funds from Operations (“Core FFO”) and Adjusted Funds from Operations (“AFFO”). A description of these non-GAAP measures and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, which is net income, is provided below.
Use of Non-GAAP Measures
FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO should not be construed to be more relevant or accurate than the current GAAP methodology in calculating net income or in its applicability in evaluating our operating performance. The method utilized to evaluate the value and performance of real estate under GAAP should be construed as a more relevant measure of operational performance and considered more prominently than the non-GAAP FFO, Core FFO and AFFO measures. Other REITs may not define FFO in accordance with the current NAREIT (as defined below) definition (as we do), or may interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do, or may calculate Core FFO or AFFO differently than we do. Consequently, our presentation of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures presented by other REITs.
We consider FFO, Core FFO and AFFO useful indicators of our performance. Because FFO, Core FFO and AFFO calculations exclude such factors as depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and gain or loss from sales of operating real estate assets (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful-life estimates), FFO, Core FFO and AFFO presentations can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs in our peer group.
As a result, we believe that the use of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our operating performance including relative to our peers and a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing, and investing activities. However, FFO, Core FFO and AFFO are not indicative of cash available to fund ongoing cash needs, including the ability to make cash distributions. Investors are cautioned that FFO, Core FFO and AFFO should only be used to assess the sustainability of our operating performance excluding these activities, as they exclude certain costs that have a negative effect on our operating performance during the periods in which these costs are incurred.
Funds from Operations, Core Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations
Funds From Operations
Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, as discussed below, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), an industry trade group, has promulgated a measure known as FFO, which we believe to be an appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a REIT. FFO is not equivalent to net income or loss as determined under GAAP.
We calculate FFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the standards established over time by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, as restated in a White Paper approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT effective in December 2018 (the “White Paper”). The White Paper defines FFO as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding depreciation and amortization related to real estate, gain and loss from the sale of certain real estate assets, gain and loss from change in control and impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity. Our FFO calculation complies with NAREIT’s definition.
The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, and straight-line amortization of intangibles, which implies that the value of a real estate asset diminishes predictably over time. We believe that, because real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, unemployment and consumer spending, presentations of operating results for a REIT using historical accounting for depreciation and certain other items may be less informative. Historical accounting for real estate involves the use of GAAP. Any other method of accounting for real estate such as the fair value method cannot be construed to be any more accurate or relevant than the comparable methodologies of real estate valuation found in GAAP. Nevertheless, we believe that the use of FFO, which excludes the impact of real estate related depreciation and amortization, among other things, provides a
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more complete understanding of our performance to investors and to management, and, when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs, which may not be immediately apparent from net income.
Core Funds From Operations
In calculating Core FFO, we start with FFO, then we exclude certain non-core items such as merger, transaction and other costs, settlement costs related to the Blackwells/Related Parties litigation (recorded in the second and third quarters of 2023), as well as certain other costs that are considered to be non-core, such as debt extinguishment or modification costs. The purchase of properties, and the corresponding expenses associated with that process, is a key operational feature of our core business plan to generate operational income and cash flows in order to make dividend payments to stockholders. In evaluating investments in real estate, we differentiate the costs to acquire the investment from the subsequent operations of the investment. We also add back non-cash write-offs of deferred financing costs, prepayment penalties and certain other costs incurred with the early extinguishment or modification of debt which are included in net income but are considered financing cash flows when paid in the statement of cash flows. We consider these write-offs and prepayment penalties to be capital transactions and not indicative of operations. By excluding expensed acquisition, transaction and other costs as well as non-core costs, we believe Core FFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties.
Adjusted Funds From Operations
In calculating AFFO, we start with Core FFO, then we exclude certain income or expense items from AFFO that we consider more reflective of investing activities, other non-cash income and expense items and the income and expense effects of other activities or items, including items that were paid in cash that are not a fundamental attribute of our business plan or were one time or non-recurring items. These items include early extinguishment or modification of debt and other items excluded in Core FFO as well as unrealized gain and loss, which may not ultimately be realized, such as gain or loss on derivative instruments, gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, and gain or loss on investments. In addition, by excluding non-cash income and expense items such as amortization of above-market and below-market leases intangibles, amortization of deferred financing costs, straight-line rent and equity-based compensation from AFFO, we believe we provide useful information regarding income and expense items which have a direct impact on our ongoing operating performance. We also exclude revenue attributable to the reimbursement by third parties of financing costs that we originally incurred because these revenues are not, in our view, related to operating performance. We also include the realized gain or loss on foreign currency exchange contracts for AFFO as such items are part of our ongoing operations and affect our current operating performance.
In calculating AFFO, we also exclude certain expenses which under GAAP are treated as operating expenses in determining operating net income. All paid and accrued acquisition, transaction and other costs (including prepayment penalties for debt extinguishments or modifications and merger related expenses) and certain other expenses, including expenses incurred for our 2023 proxy contest and related Blackwells/Related Parties litigation, expenses related to our European tax restructuring and transition costs related to the Mergers, negatively impact our operating performance during the period in which expenses are incurred or properties are acquired and will also have negative effects on returns to investors, but are excluded by us as we believe they are not reflective of on-going performance. Further, under GAAP, certain contemplated non-cash fair value and other non-cash adjustments are considered operating non-cash adjustments to net income. In addition, as discussed above, we view gain and loss from fair value adjustments as items which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized and not reflective of ongoing operations and are therefore typically adjusted for when assessing operating performance. Excluding income and expense items detailed above from our calculation of AFFO provides information consistent with management’s analysis of our operating performance. Additionally, fair value adjustments, which are based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions, but can also result from operational factors such as rental and occupancy rates, may not be directly related or attributable to our current operating performance. By excluding such changes that may reflect anticipated and unrealized gain or loss, we believe AFFO provides useful supplemental information. By providing AFFO, we believe we are presenting useful information that can be used to, among other things, assess our performance without the impact of transactions or other items that are not related to our portfolio of properties. AFFO presented by us may not be comparable to AFFO reported by other REITs that define AFFO differently. Furthermore, we believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, AFFO should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) calculated in accordance with GAAP as presented in our consolidated financial statements. AFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of our liquidity or ability to make distributions.
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Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (in accordance with GAAP)$(175,316)$(239,348)
Impairment charges 90,410 68,684 
   Depreciation and amortization349,943 222,271 
   (Gain) loss on dispositions of real estate investments(57,015)1,672 
FFO (as defined by NAREIT) attributable to common stockholders 208,022 53,279 
Merger, transaction and other costs (1)
6,026 54,492 
Settlement costs (2)
— 29,727 
   Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt 15,877 1,221 
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders
229,925 138,719 
Non-cash equity-based compensation
8,931 17,297 
Non-cash portion of interest expense
9,980 8,622 
Amortization related to above and below-market lease intangibles and right-of-use assets, net 7,503 5,603 
Straight-line rent
(19,150)(10,396)
Unrealized gains on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness(3,249)— 
Eliminate unrealized (gains) losses on foreign currency transactions (3)
(3,418)7,286 
Amortization of mortgage discounts 68,591 18,916 
Expenses attributable to 2023 proxy contest and related litigation (4)
— 9,101 
Expenses attributable to European tax restructuring (5)
485 2,169 
Transition costs related to the Mergers (6)
4,486 2,484 
Forfeited disposition deposit (7)
(275)— 
AFFO attributable to common stockholders$303,809 $199,801 
Summary
FFO (as defined by NAREIT) attributable to common stockholders$208,022 $53,279 
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders$229,925 $138,719 
AFFO attributable to common stockholders$303,809 $199,801 
_____
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, these costs primarily consist of advisory, legal and other professional costs that were directly related to the REIT Merger and Internalization Merger.
(2)In the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized these settlement costs which include one-half of the reasonable, documented, out-of-pocket expenses (including legal fees) incurred by the Blackwells/Related Parties in connection with the proxy contest and related litigation as well as expense for Common Stock issued to the Blackwells/Related Parties, as required under the cooperation agreement with the Blackwells/Related Parties. There were no such costs in the year ended December 31, 2024.
(3)For AFFO purposes, we adjust for unrealized gains and losses. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the gain on derivative instruments (related to foreign currencies) was $4.2 million which consisted of unrealized gains of $3.4 million and realized gains of $0.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the loss on derivative instruments was $3.7 million which consisted of unrealized losses of $7.3 million and realized gains of $3.6 million.
(4)Amount relates to costs specifically related to our 2023 proxy contest and related Blackwells/Related Parties litigation (as described herein). We do not consider these expenses to be part of our normal operating performance and have, accordingly, increased AFFO for this amount.
(5)Amount relates to costs incurred related to the tax restructuring of our European entities. We do not consider these expenses to be part of our normal operating performance and have, accordingly, increased AFFO for this amount.
(6)Amounts include costs related to (i) compensation incurred for our former Co-Chief Executive Officer who retired effective March 31, 2024; (ii) a transition service agreement with the former Advisor; and (iii) insurance premiums related to expiring directors and officers insurance of former RTL directors. We do not consider these expenses to be part of our normal operating performance and have, accordingly, increased AFFO for this amount.
(7)Represents a forfeited deposit from a potential buyer of one of our properties, which is recorded in other income in our consolidated statement of operations. We do not consider this income to be part of our normal operating performance and have, accordingly, decreased AFFO for this amount.

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Dividends
Common Stock
The amount of dividends payable to our common stockholders is determined by our Board and is dependent on a number of factors, including funds available for dividends, our financial condition, provisions in our Credit Agreement or other agreements that may restrict our ability to pay dividends, capital expenditure requirements, as applicable, requirements of Maryland law and annual distribution requirements needed to maintain our status as a REIT.
In connection with the Mergers, in October 2023, the Board approved an annual dividend rate on our Common Stock of $1.42 per share, or $0.354 per share on a quarterly basis. The first dividend paid at this rate occurred on October 16, 2023 and, accordingly, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we paid dividends at this rate as well.
On February 26, 2024, the Board approved a dividend policy that reduced our Common Stock dividend rate to an annual rate of $1.10 per share, or $0.275 per share on a quarterly basis. This Common Stock dividend rate became effective with the Common Stock dividend declared and paid in April 2024 and was effective through January 2025.
On February 27, 2025, we announced that our Board plans to reduce our quarterly dividend per share of Common Stock from $0.275 to $0.190 per share, representing an annual dividend rate of $0.76 per share, beginning with the dividend expected to be declared in April 2025. The reduction of the dividend rate is expected to yield benefits to us, including increasing the amount of cash that may be used to lower leverage.
Common Stock dividends authorized by our Board and declared by us are paid on a quarterly basis in arrears during the first month following the end of each fiscal quarter (unless otherwise specified) to common stockholders of record on the record date for such payment.
Preferred Stock
Dividends accrue on our Preferred Stock as follows:
•Dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.453125 per share per quarter to Series A Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to 7.25% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock per annum.
•Dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.4296875 per share per quarter to Series B Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to 6.875% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series B Preferred Stock per annum.
•Dividends on our Series D Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.46875 per share per quarter to Series D Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to the rate of 7.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series D Preferred Stock per annum.
•Dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.4609375 per share per quarter to Series E Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to the rate of 7.375% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series E Preferred Stock per annum.
Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not on a business day, on the next succeeding business day) to holders of record on the close of business on the record date set by our Board. Any accrued and unpaid dividends payable with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock become part of the liquidation preference thereof.
Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, we may not pay distributions, including cash dividends on, or redeem or repurchase Common Stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, or any other class or series of stock we may issue in the future, that exceed 100% of our Adjusted FFO as defined in the Credit Facility (which is different from AFFO disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, except in limited circumstances, including that for one fiscal quarter in each calendar year, we may pay cash dividends and other distributions and redeem or repurchase an aggregate amount equal to no more than 105% of our Adjusted FFO. We last used the exception to pay dividends that were between 100% of Adjusted FFO and 105% of Adjusted FFO during the quarter ended on June 30, 2020, and may use this exception in the future. In the past, the lenders under our Revolving Credit Facility have consented to increase the maximum amount of our Adjusted FFO we may use to pay cash dividends and other distributions and make redemptions and other repurchases in certain periods, but there can be no assurance that they will do so again in the future.
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The following table shows the sources for the payment of dividends to holders of our Common Stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred stock and distributions to holders of LTIP Units for the periods indicated:
Three Months EndedYear Ended
March 31, 2024June 30, 2024September 30, 2024December 31, 2024December 31, 2024
(In thousands)Percentage of Dividends
Percentage of Dividends
Percentage of DividendsPercentage of DividendsPercentage of Dividends
Dividends and Distributions:
Dividends to holders of Common Stock
$81,733 $63,483 $63,466 $63,753 $272,435 
Dividends to holders of Series A Preferred Stock
3,081 3,081 3,081 3,081 12,324 
Dividends to holders of Series B Preferred Stock2,018 2,018 2,018 2,018 8,072 
Dividends to holders of Series D Preferred Stock3,718 3,720 3,719 3,719 14,876 
Dividends to holders of Series E Preferred Stock2,118 2,118 2,118 2,118 8,472 
Distributions to holders of LTIP Units/Class A Units41 32 32 32 137 
Total dividends and distributions$92,709 $74,452 $74,434 $74,721 $316,316 
Source of dividend coverage:
Cash flows provided by operations
$92,186 99.4 %$70,359 94.5 %$62,126 83.5 %$74,799 100.1 %$299,470 (1)94.7 %
Available cash on hand
523 0.6 %4,093 5.5 %12,308 16.5 %(78)(0.1)%16,846 (1)5.3 %
Total sources of dividend and distribution coverage
$92,709 100.0 %$74,452 100.0 %$74,434 100.0 %$74,721 100.0 %$316,316 100.0 %
Cash flows provided by operations (GAAP basis)
$92,186 $70,359 $62,126 $74,799 $299,470 
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (in accordance with GAAP)$(34,687)$(11,913)$(29,971)$(98,745)$(175,316)
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(1) Year-to-date totals will not equal the sum of the quarters. Each quarter and year-to-date period is evaluated separately for purposes of this table.
Foreign Currency Translation
Our reporting currency is the USD. The functional currency of our foreign investments is the applicable local currency for each foreign location in which we invest. Assets and liabilities in these foreign locations (including intercompany balances for which settlement is not anticipated in the foreseeable future) are translated at the spot rate in effect at the applicable reporting date. The amounts reported in the consolidated statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the applicable period. The resulting unrealized cumulative translation adjustment is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of equity. We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on property investments in foreign countries which pay rental income, incur property related expenses and borrow in currencies other than our functional currency, the USD. We have used and may continue to use foreign currency derivatives including options, currency forward and cross currency swap agreements to manage our exposure to fluctuations in GBP-USD and EUR-USD exchange rates (see Note 9 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion).
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Election as a REIT 
We elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, effective for our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. We believe that, commencing with such taxable year, we have been organized and have operated in a manner so that we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code. We intend to continue to operate in such a manner to qualify for taxation as a REIT, but can provide no assurances that we will operate in a manner so as to remain qualified as a REIT. To continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard for the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and must comply with a number of other organizational and operational requirements. If we continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and properties, as well as federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
In addition, our international assets and operations, including those owned through direct or indirect subsidiaries that are disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.
Inflation
We may be adversely impacted by inflation on the leases that do not contain indexed escalation provisions, or those leases which have escalations at rates which do not exceed or approximate current inflation rates. As of December 31, 2024, the increase to the 12-month CPI for all items, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, was 2.9%. To help mitigate the adverse impact of inflation, approximately 81% of our leases with our tenants contain rent escalation provisions that increase the cash rent that is due under the leases over time by an average cumulative increase of 1.3% per year. These provisions generally increase rental rates during the terms of the leases either at fixed rates or indexed escalations (based on the Consumer Price Index or other measures). As of December 31, 2024, based on straight-line rent, approximately 61.1% are fixed-rate with increases averaging 1.7%, 14.8% are based on the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain caps, 4.6% are based on other measures, and 19.5% do not contain any escalation provisions.
In addition, we may be required to pay costs for maintenance and operation of properties which may adversely impact our results of operations due to potential increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation. However, our net leases require the tenant to pay its allocable share of operating expenses, which may include common area maintenance costs, real estate taxes and insurance. This may reduce our exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation. As the costs of general goods and services continue to rise, we may be adversely impacted by increases in general and administrative costs due to overall inflation.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and equity prices. The primary risks to which we are exposed are interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange risk, and we are also exposed to further market risk as a result of concentrations of tenants in certain industries and/or geographic regions. Adverse market factors can affect the ability of tenants in a particular industry/region to meet their respective lease obligations. In order to manage this risk, we view our collective tenant roster as a portfolio, and in our investment decisions we attempt to diversify our portfolio so that we are not overexposed to a particular industry or geographic region.
Generally, we do not use derivative instruments to hedge credit risks or for speculative purposes. However, from time to time, we have entered and may continue to enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge our foreign currency cash flow exposures.
Interest Rate Risk
The values of our real estate and related fixed-rate debt obligations are subject to fluctuations based on changes in interest rates. The value of our real estate is also subject to fluctuations based on local and regional economic conditions and changes in the creditworthiness of lessees, all of which may affect our ability to refinance property-level mortgage debt when due. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions, and other factors beyond our control. Increases in interest rates may impact the credit profile of certain tenants.
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes primarily through our borrowing activities. We have obtained, and may in the future obtain, variable-rate, non-recourse mortgage loans, and as a result, we have entered into, and may continue to enter into, interest rate swap agreements or interest rate cap agreements with lenders. Interest rate swap agreements effectively convert the variable-rate debt service obligations of the loan to a fixed rate, while interest rate cap agreements limit the underlying interest rate from exceeding a specified strike rate. Interest rate swaps are agreements in which one party exchanges
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a stream of interest payments for a counterparty’s stream of cash flows over a specific period, and interest rate caps limit the effective borrowing rate of variable-rate debt obligations while allowing participants to share in downward shifts in interest rates. These interest rate swaps and caps are derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges on the interest payments on the debt obligation. The face amounts on which the swaps or caps, are based are not exchanged. Our objective in using these derivatives is to limit our exposure to interest rate movements. We estimated that the total fair value of our interest rate swaps, which are included in derivative assets, at fair value and derivative liabilities, at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, totaled $2.5 million and $3.7 million as of December 31, 2024, respectively (see Note 9 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information, including the fair value of such assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023).
The following table presents future principal payments based upon expected maturity dates and fixed/variable classification of our debt obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2024:
(In thousands)
Fixed-rate debt (1) (2)
Variable-rate debt (1)
Total Debt
2025

$464,526 $— (3)$464,526 
20261,110,447 385,770 1,496,217 
2027663,191 — (4)663,191 
20281,029,620 — 1,029,620 
2029644,729 15,373 660,102 
Thereafter400,257 — 400,257 
Total$4,312,770 $401,143 $4,713,913 
Additional Details:
Percentage of total debt91.0 %9.0 %N/A
Weighted-average effective interest rate4.7 %6.0 %4.8 %
________
(1)Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP, €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR and $1.00 CAD to $0.70 as of December 31, 2024, for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
(2)Fixed-rate debt includes variable debt that bears interest at margin plus a floating rate which is fixed through our interest rate swap agreements. Also see Item 1A. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Indebtedness - Our derivative financial instruments have been, and any derivative financial instruments in the future, will be subject to counterparty default risk.
(3)Represents the variable portion of the mortgage that secures the properties in Finland. Interest on this mortgage is 80% fixed as a result of a “pay-fixed” interest rate swap agreement and 20% variable.
(4)Represents the portion of the Revolving Credit Facility that bears interest at variable rates. The GBP and CAD portions of the Revolving Credit Facility are 100% variable and the USD portion in 71% variable. The EUR portion of Revolving Credit Facility is 100% fixed via swaps.
See Note 5 — Mortgage Notes Payable, Net and Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information regarding the Company’s debt obligations for year ended December 31, 2023, including the fixed/variable classification of such obligations.
As of December 31, 2024, our total consolidated debt, which includes secured mortgage financings, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, our 3.75% Senior Notes and our 4.50% Senior Notes, had a total gross carrying value of $4.7 billion, an estimated fair value of $4.5 billion. The annual interest rates on our fixed-rate debt mortgage debt as of December 31, 2024 ranged from 2.2% to 6.5% and the interest rates on our 3.75% Senior Notes and 4.50% Senior Notes are fixed at 3.75% and 4.50%, respectively. The contractual annual interest rates on our variable-rate debt as of December 31, 2024 ranged from 5.0% to 5.7%. Our interest expense in future periods will vary based on our level of future borrowings, which will depend on, among other things, our refinancing needs or plans to reduce our leverage and acquisition activity. In addition, our interest expense will vary based on movements in interest rates. Our debt obligations are more fully described in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations above.
The estimated fair value of our fixed-rate debt and our variable-rate debt that currently bears interest at fixed rates or has effectively been converted to a fixed rate through the use of interest rate swaps is affected by changes in interest rates. A decrease or increase in interest rates of 1% would change the estimated fair value of this debt as of December 31, 2024 by an aggregate increase of $850.0 million or an aggregate decrease of $980.4 million, respectively.
Annual interest expense on our unhedged variable-rate debt that does not bear interest at fixed rates as of December 31, 2024 would increase or decrease by approximately $4.0 million for each respective 1% change in annual interest rates.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
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We own foreign investments, primarily in Europe but also in Canada and as a result are subject to risk from the effects of exchange rate movements in the Euro, the GBP and the CAD which have affected and may continue to affect future costs and cash flows, in our functional currency, the USD. We generally manage foreign currency exchange rate movements by matching our debt service obligation to the lender and the tenant’s rental obligation to us in the same currency. This reduces, but does not eliminate, our overall exposure to currency fluctuations. In addition, we have used and may continue to use currency hedging to further reduce the exposure to our net cash flow. We are generally a net receiver of the Euro, the GBP and the CAD (we receive more cash than we pay out). Our results of operations of our foreign properties benefit from a weaker USD, and are adversely affected by a stronger USD, relative to the foreign currency subject to any impacts from our hedging activity.
We have designated all current foreign currency draws under the Credit Facility as net investment hedges to the extent of our net investment in foreign subsidiaries. To the extent foreign draws in each currency exceed the net investment, we reflect the effects of changes in currency on such excess in earnings. As of December 31, 2024, we had foreign currency draws (EUR) in excess of our net investments in our foreign subsidiaries (see Note 9— Derivatives and Hedging Activities to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K).
We enter into foreign currency forward contracts and put options to hedge certain of our foreign currency cash flow exposures. A foreign currency forward contract is a commitment to deliver a certain amount of foreign currency at a certain price on a specific date in the future. By entering into forward contracts and holding them to maturity, we are locked into a future currency exchange rate for the term of the contract. A foreign currency put option contract consists of a right, but not the obligation, to sell a specified amount of foreign currency for a specified amount of another currency at a specific date. If the exchange rate of the currency fluctuates favorably beyond the strike rate of the put at maturity, the option would be considered “in-the-money” and exercised accordingly. The total estimated fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts and put options, which are included in derivatives, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, was in a net asset position of $1.6 million as of December 31, 2024 (see Note 8 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K). We have obtained, and may in the future obtain, non-recourse mortgage financing in a foreign currency. To the extent that currency fluctuations increase or decrease rental revenues as translated to USD, the change in debt service, as translated to USD, will partially offset the effect of fluctuations in revenue and, to some extent, mitigate the risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Scheduled future minimum rents, exclusive of renewals, under non-cancelable operating leases, for our foreign operations as of December 31, 2024, during each of the next five calendar years and thereafter, are as follows:
Future Minimum Base Rent Payments (1)
(In thousands)
EUR
GBP
CAD
Total
2025$47,667 $60,978 $2,608 $111,253 
202645,520 53,657 2,515 101,692 
202732,741 51,729 2,461 86,931 
202827,068 48,827 2,501 78,396 
202922,297 43,947 2,297 68,541 
Thereafter59,447 347,285 28,727 435,459 
Total$234,740 $606,423 $41,109 $882,272 
______
(1)Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP, €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR and $1.00 CAD to $0.70 as of December 31, 2024 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.

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Scheduled debt service payments (principal and interest) for mortgage notes payable for our foreign operations as of December 31, 2024, during each of the next five calendar years and thereafter, are detailed in the table below:
Future Debt Service Payments
Mortgage Notes Payable
(In thousands)
EUR
2025$3,911 
20263,911 
20273,911 
20283,922 
202977,113 
Thereafter— 
Total$92,768 
We currently anticipate that, by their respective due dates, we will have repaid or refinanced certain of these loans, or extended them, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance these loans on favorable terms, if at all. If refinancing has not occurred, we would expect to use our cash resources, including unused capacity on our Credit Facility, to make these payments, if necessary.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of tenants are engaged in similar business activities or have similar economic risks or conditions that could cause them to default on their lease obligations to us. We regularly monitor our portfolio to assess potential concentrations of credit risk. While we believe our portfolio is reasonably well diversified, it does contain concentrations in excess of 10%, based on the percentage of our annualized rental income as of December 31, 2024, in certain areas. See Item 2. Properties in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion on distribution across countries and industries.
Based on our annualized rental income, the majority of our directly owned real estate properties and related loans are located in the U.S. and Canada (80%) and the remaining are in the United Kingdom (10%), The Netherlands (3%), Finland (2%) and Germany (2%). No individual tenant accounted for more than 10% of our annualized rental income as of December 31, 2024. Based on annualized rental income, as of December 31, 2024, our directly owned real estate properties contain significant concentrations in the following asset types: Industrial & Distribution (34%), Multi-Tenant Retail (28%), Single-Tenant Retail (21%) and Office (17%).
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The information required by this Item 8 is hereby incorporated by reference to our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In accordance with Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of December 31, 2024, the end of such period, that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, and in such information being accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Reporting on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act.
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Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making that assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).
Based on its assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated on its report, which is included on page F-2 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended).
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our executive officers and directors, including but not limited to, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics may be obtained, free of charge, by sending a written request to our executive office – 650 Fifth Avenue – 30th Floor, New York, NY 10019, attention Chief Financial Officer. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is also available on our website, www.globalnetlease.com. If we make any substantive amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or grant any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to our directors, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions, we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on that website or in a current report on Form 8-K.
We have adopted an insider trading policy which governs the purchase, sale and/or any other dispositions of the Company’s securities by the Company and its directors, officers and employees and is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations and applicable exchange listing standards. A copy of our Insider Trading Policy is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the 2024 fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the 2024 fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the 2024 fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the 2024 fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the 2024 fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)    Financial Statement Schedules
See the Index to audited consolidated financial statements at page F-1 of this report.
The following financial statement schedule is included herein at page F-54 of this report:
Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2024 and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(b)    Exhibits

EXHIBITS INDEX
The following exhibits are included, or incorporated by reference, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).
Exhibit No.  Description
2.1 **
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 23, 2023, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Osmosis Sub I, LLC, Osmosis Sub II, LLC, The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc., and The Necessity Retail REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on May 25, 2023).
2.2 **
Internalization Agreement, dated as of May 23, 2023, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., the Necessity Retail REIT, Inc., The Necessity Retail REIT Operating, L.P., AR Global Investments, LLC and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on May 25, 2023).
Articles of Restatement of Global Net Lease, Inc., effective February 24, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020).
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Global Net Lease, Inc., effective September 12, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Articles Supplementary of Global Net Lease, Inc., filed on September 12, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Articles Supplementary for the Global Net Lease, Inc. 7.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, as filed March 23, 2018 with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on March 23, 2018).
Articles Supplementary for the Global Net Lease, Inc. 6.875% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, as filed November 22, 2019 with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 22, 2019).
Articles Supplementary for the Global Net Lease, Inc. 7.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, as filed September 8, 2023 with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Form 8-A filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 8, 2023)
Articles Supplementary for the Global Net Lease, Inc. 7.375% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, as filed September 8, 2023 with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Form 8-A filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 8, 2023).
Amendment to the Articles of Restatement of Global Net Lease, Inc., effective November 7, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2023).
Articles Supplementary for the Global Net Lease, Inc. Series C Cumulative Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, as filed February 27, 2024 with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to the Form 10-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 23, 2024).
Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015, between Global Net Lease, Inc. and Global Net Lease Special Limited Partner, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on June 2, 2015).
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Second Amendment, dated as of September 11, 2017, to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 11, 2017).
Third Amendment, dated as of December 15, 2017, to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 18, 2017).
Fourth Amendment, dated as of March 23, 2018, to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 23, 2018).
Fifth Amendment, dated as of July 19, 2018, to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on July 23, 2018).
Sixth Amendment, dated November 22, 2019, to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 22, 2019).
Seventh Amendment, dated December 13, 2019, to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 13, 2019).
Eighth Amendment dated June 3, 2021, to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on June 4, 2021).
Ninth Amendment dated August 6, 2021, to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on August 5, 2021).
Tenth Amendment, dated as of September 12, 2023, to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., dated June 2, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Form 10-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 23, 2024).
Indenture, dated as of December 16, 2020, among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., the Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (including the form of Notes) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 17, 2020).
Indenture, dated as of October 7, 2021, among The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc (f/k/a American Finance Trust, Inc.), The Necessity Retail REIT Operating Partnership, L.P.(f/k/a American Finance Operating Partnership, L.P.), the Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 8, 2021).
RTL Supplemental Indenture dated September 12, 2023 by and among The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc, The Necessity Retail REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., Global Net Lease, Inc., the guarantors thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
GNL Supplemental Indenture, dated September 12, 2023 by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc, the guarantors thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Certificate of Notice of Global Net Lease, Inc., dated November 7, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2023).
Loan Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2017, by and among the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. listed on Schedule I attached thereto, as borrower, and Column Financial, Inc. and Citi Real Estate Funding, Inc., as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2017).
Guaranty Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2017, by Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. for the benefit of Column Financial, Inc. and Citi Real Estate Funding, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2017).
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Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2017, by Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. and the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. listed on Schedule I attached thereto, in favor of Column Financial, Inc. and Citi Real Estate Funding, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2017).
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., UBS Securities LLC, Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley FBR, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BBVA Securities Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America Inc., and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company Incorporated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.7 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 28, 2019).
Amendment No. 1, dated as of May 9, 2019, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., UBS Securities LLC, Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC (formerly known as Mizuho Securities USA Inc.), B. Riley FBR, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BBVA Securities Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc., Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on May 10, 2019).
Amendment No. 2, dated as of June 21, 2019, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., UBS Securities LLC, Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC (formerly known as Mizuho Securities USA Inc.), B. Riley FBR, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BBVA Securities Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc., Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on June 21, 2019).
Amendment No. 3, dated as of November 12, 2019, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley FBR, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BBVA Securities Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 12, 2019).
Amendment No. 4, dated as of March 19, 2021, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley FBR, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BBVA Securities Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on March 19, 2021).
Amendment No. 5, dated as of November 5, 2021, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., Jefferies LLC, SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. and Barclays Capital Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 8, 2021).
Amendment No. 6, dated as of February 25, 2022, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., Jefferies LLC, SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc., JMP Securities LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. and Barclays Capital Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 25, 2022).
Amendment No. 7 dated as of August 5, 2022, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc., JMP Securities LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., Barclays Capital Inc., Huntington Securities, Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Synovus Securities, Inc., Comerica Securities, Inc. and SG Americas Securities, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on August 5, 2022).
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Amendment No. 8, dated as of November 4, 2022, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc., JMP Securities LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., Barclays Capital Inc., Huntington Securities, Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Synovus Securities, Inc., Comerica Securities, Inc. and SG Americas Securities, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2022).
Amendment No. 9, dated as of November 9, 2023, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 28, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., Capital One Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, B. Riley Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc., JMP Securities LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., Barclays Capital Inc., Huntington Securities, Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Synovus Securities, Inc., Comerica Securities, Inc. and SG Americas Securities, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 13, 2023).
First Amended and Restated Guaranty, dated as of August 1, 2019, by the Company, ARC Global Holdco, LLC, Global II Holdco, LLC and the other subsidiary parties thereto for the benefit of KeyBank National Association and the other lender parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on August 6, 2019).
First Amended & Restated Contribution Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2019, by and among the Company, Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., ARC Global Holdco, LLC, ARC Global II Holdco, LLC, the other subsidiary parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on August 6, 2019).
Loan Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2019, by and among the borrowers party thereto, and KeyBank National Association, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 18, 2019).
Form of Promissory Note, dated as of September 12, 2019, by the borrowers party thereto in favor of
KeyBank National Association, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 18, 2019).
Guaranty Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2019, by Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. in favor of KeyBank National Association, as lender(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 18, 2019).
Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2019, by the borrowers party thereto and Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. in favor of KeyBank National Association, as indemnitee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 18, 2019).
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated December 13, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. and B. Riley FBR, Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., D.A. Davidson & Co., and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 13, 2019).
Amendment No. 1, dated as of August 6, 2021, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated December 13, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., B. Riley Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. and Barclays Capital Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on August 6, 2021).
Amendment No. 2, dated as of November 4, 2022, to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated December 13, 2019, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., B. Riley Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. and Barclays Capital Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2022).
10.23 * +
Amended and Restated Form of Indemnification Agreement.
 2021 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan of Global Net Lease, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 26, 2021).
2021 Advisor Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan of Global Net Lease, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Annex B to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 26, 2021).
Supplemental Agreement dated July 8, 2021, to Investment Facility Agreement, dated August 13, 2018, as amended, among the borrower and guarantor entities thereto and Lloyds Bank PLC(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on August 5, 2021).
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Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 8, 2022, by and among Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., as borrower, Global Net Lease, Inc. and the other guarantors party thereto, KeyBank National Association, as agent, and the other lender parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on April 11, 2022).
Omnibus Amendment to Guaranty and Contribution Agreement, dated as of April 8, 2022, by Global Net Lease, Inc., ARC Global Holdco, LLC, Global II Holdco, LLC and the other subsidiary parties thereto for the benefit of KeyBank National Association and the other lender parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on April 11, 2022).
First Amendment, dated as of July 26, 2022, to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 8, 2022, by and among Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., as borrower, Global Net Lease, Inc. and the other guarantors party thereto, KeyBank National Association, as agent, and the other lender parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on July 29, 2022).
Cooperation Agreement and Release dated as of June 4, 2023 by and among Global Net Lease, Inc., The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc., Global Net Lease Advisors, LLC, Global Net Lease Properties, LLC, Necessity Retail Advisors, LLC, Necessity Retail Properties, LLC, AR Global Investments, LLC, Blackwells Capital LLC, Blackwells Onshore I LLC, Jason Aintabi, Related Fund Management, LLC, Jim Lozier and Richard O’Toole (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on June 5, 2023).
GNL Credit Facility Amendment dated September 12, 2023, by and among Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P., as borrower, Global Net Lease, Inc. and the other guarantors party thereto, KeyBank National Association, as agent, and the other lender parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Loan Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2020, by and among the entities listed on Schedule I thereto, as borrowers, and Column Financial, Inc., as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2020 (File No. 001-38597)).
Limited Recourse Guaranty, dated as of July 24, 2020, in favor of Column Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2020 (File No. 001-38597)).
Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2020, by and among the entities listed on Schedule I thereto, American Finance Operating Partnership, L.P. and Column Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2020 (File No. 001-38597)).
Loan Agreement dated as of December 8, 2017 among Societe Generale and UBS AG as Lenders and the borrowers thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 19, 2018 (File No. 001-38597)).
Guaranty of Recourse Obligations dated as of December 8, 2017 in favor of Societe Generale and UBS AG (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 19, 2018 (File No. 001-38597)).
Loan Agreement, dated as of August 30, 2023, among the borrower entities party thereto, and Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Société Générale Financial Corporation, Bank of Montreal, and KeyBank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 5, 2023 (File No. 001-38597)).
Guaranty Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2023, in favor of Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Société Générale Financial Corporation, Bank of Montreal, and KeyBank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2023, by Global Net Lease, Inc. and the borrower entities party thereto, for the benefit of Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Société Générale Financial Corporation, Bank of Montreal, and KeyBank National Association. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Registration Rights and Stockholders Agreement dated September 12, 2023, by and between Global Net Lease, Inc., AR Global Investments, LLC, Global Net Lease Special Limited Partnership, LLC, and Necessity Retail Space Limited Partner, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on September 12, 2023).
Amended and Restated Ownership Limit Waiver Agreement, dated November 6, 2023, by and between Global Net Lease, Inc. and Nicholas S. Schorsch and certain related trusts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2023).
Amended and Restated Ownership Limit Waiver Agreement, dated November 6, 2023, by and between Global Net Lease, Inc. and Shelley D. Schorsch and certain related trusts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2023).
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Ownership Limit Waiver Agreement, dated September 12, 2023, by and between Global Net Lease, Inc. and Bellevue Capital Partners, LLC on its own behalf and on behalf of Global Net Lease Special Limited Partnership, LLC, AR Capital Global Holdings, LLC, AR Global Investments, LLC, American Realty Capital Global II (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 7, 2023).
2024 Annual Bonus Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 4, 2023).
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Form A) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 4, 2023).
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Form B) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 4, 2023).
Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Form A) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 4, 2023).
Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Form B) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on December 4, 2023).
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Form 10-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 27, 2024).
2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan of The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Form 8-K filed by The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc. on July 19, 2018).
Non-Employee Director Compensation Guidelines (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to the Form 10-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 27, 2024).
Employment Agreement, dated December 20, 2023, between Global Net Lease, Inc. and Christopher J. Masterson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.64 to the Form 10-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 27, 2024).
Employment Agreement, dated September 18, 2023, between Global Net Lease, Inc. and Jesse C. Galloway (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.65 to the Form 10-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 27, 2024).
Non-Competition Agreement, dated as of May 23, 2023, by and among Global Net Lease, Inc. and Edward M. Weil, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on May 26, 2023).
Separation Agreement, dated March 8, 2024, by and between Global Net Lease, Inc. and James L. Nelson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on March 11, 2024).
10.56 ***
Loan Agreement, dated as of April 5, 2024, among the borrower entities party thereto, Bank of Montreal, Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Societe Generale Financial Corporation, and KeyBank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on April 10, 2024).
Guaranty Agreement, dated as of April 5, 2024, by Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. in favor of Bank of Montreal, Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Societe Generale Financial Corporation, and KeyBank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on April 10, 2024).
10.58 ***
Environmental Indemnity Agreement, dated as of April 5, 2024, by Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. and the borrower entities party thereto, for the benefit of Bank of Montreal, Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Societe Generale Financial Corporation, and KeyBank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on April 10, 2024).
10.59 ****+
Employment Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2024, by and between Global Net Lease, Inc. and Edward M. Weil, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on November 22, 2024).
Global Net Lease, Inc. Insider Trading Policy.
 List of Subsidiaries.
23.1 *
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
 Certification of the Principal Executive Officer of Global Net Lease, Inc. pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer of Global Net Lease, Inc. pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 ++
 Written statements of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer of Global Net Lease, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Global Net Lease, Inc. Dodd-Frank Clawback Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Form 10-K filed by Global Net Lease, Inc. on February 27, 2024).
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101.INS *Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 *Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
_________________
* Filed herewith
+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.
++ Furnished herewith
** Pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, the Company has omitted certain schedules and exhibits and shall furnish supplementally to the SEC copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the SEC.
*** Pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K, portions of this exhibit have been omitted because the Company customarily and actually treats the omitted portions as private or confidential, and such portions are not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the Company if publicly disclosed. The Company will supplementally provide a copy of an unredacted copy of this exhibit to the SEC or its staff upon request.
**** Pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, schedules and similar attachments to this exhibit have been omitted because they do not contain information material to an investment or voting decision and such information is not otherwise disclosed in such exhibit. The Company will supplementally provide a copy of any omitted schedule or similar attachment to the SEC or its staff upon request.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
None.
74
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized this 27th day of February, 2025.
 GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.
By:/s/ Edward M. Weil, Jr.
Edward M. Weil, Jr.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRESIDENT (PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
NameCapacityDate
/s/ P. Sue PerrottyIndependent Director, Non-Executive Chair of the Board of DirectorsFebruary 27, 2025
P. Sue Perrotty
/s/ Edward M. Weil, Jr.Director, Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)		February 27, 2025
Edward M. Weil, Jr.
/s/ Christopher J. MastersonChief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)		February 27, 2025
Christopher J. Masterson
/s/ M. Therese Antone Independent Director, Compensation Committee ChairFebruary 27, 2025
M. Therese Antone
/s/ Lisa D. Kabnick Independent DirectorFebruary 27, 2025
Lisa D. Kabnick
/s/ Robert I. KauffmanIndependent DirectorFebruary 27, 2025
Robert I. Kauffman
/s/ Leslie D. MichelsonIndependent Director, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee ChairFebruary 27, 2025
Leslie D. Michelson
/s/ Michael J.U. MonahanIndependent DirectorFebruary 27, 2025
Michael J.U. Monahan
/s/ Stanley R. PerlaIndependent Director, Audit Committee ChairFebruary 27, 2025
Stanley R. Perla
/s/ Edward G. RendellIndependent DirectorFebruary 27, 2025
Edward G. Rendell
75
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
F-2
F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
F-5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
F-6
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
F-9
F-11
Financial Statement Schedule:
Schedule III — Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2024
F-58

Financial statement schedules other than those listed above are omitted because the required information is given in the financial statements, including the notes thereto, or because the conditions requiring their filing do not exist.
F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Global Net Lease, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Global Net Lease, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive loss, of equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Reporting on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

F-2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Impairment Assessments of Real Estate Investments

As described in Notes 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s total real estate investments, at cost was $7,527.9 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company recorded impairment charges of $90.4 million related to real estate investments for the year ended December 31, 2024. Management assesses each of the Company’s real estate properties for indicators of impairment quarterly or when circumstances indicate that the property may be impaired. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, management assesses the recoverability by determining whether the carrying values will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future operating cash flows expected from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition over an estimated hold period. If management believes there is a significant possibility that the Company might dispose of the assets earlier, management assesses the recoverability using a probability weighted analysis of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the various possible holding periods. If the recoverability assessment indicates that the carrying value of the real estate investment is not recoverable from the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, management will record an impairment to the extent that the carrying value of the property exceeds its estimated fair value. Management estimated the fair value of the Company’s impaired properties based on contract prices or market comparable transactions. Management’s estimation of future cash flows includes significant judgments and is based on various assumptions, including but not limited to, market rental rates, capitalization rates and hold periods.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impairment assessments of real estate investments is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the real estate investments; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to market rental rates, capitalization rates, and hold periods; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s impairment assessments of real estate investments, including controls over the development of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the real estate investments. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for developing the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the real estate investments; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the undiscounted future cash flow models used by management; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the undiscounted future cash flow models; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to market rental rates, capitalization rates, and hold periods used in the undiscounted future cash flow models. Evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management involved considering (i) the consistency with external market and industry data and (ii) whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the application of the undiscounted future cash flow models and (ii) the reasonableness of the market rental rate and capitalization rate assumptions.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
February 27, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.

F-3
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
December 31,
20242023
ASSETS 
Real estate investments, at cost (Note 4):
Land
$1,172,146 $1,430,607 
Buildings, fixtures and improvements
5,293,468 5,842,314 
Construction in progress
4,350 23,242 
Acquired intangible lease assets
1,057,967 1,359,981 
Total real estate investments, at cost
7,527,931 8,656,144 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(1,164,629)(1,083,824)
Total real estate investments, net
6,363,302 7,572,320 
Assets held for sale17,406 3,188 
Cash and cash equivalents159,698 121,566 
Restricted cash64,510 40,833 
Derivative assets, at fair value (Note 9)
2,471 10,615 
Unbilled straight-line rent99,501 84,254 
Operating lease right-of-use asset (Note 11)
74,270 77,008 
Prepaid expenses and other assets108,562 121,997 
Deferred tax assets4,866 4,808 
Goodwill 51,370 46,976 
Deferred financing costs, net9,808 15,412 
Total Assets
$6,955,764 $8,098,977 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY  
Mortgage notes payable, net (Note 5)
$2,221,706 $2,517,868 
Revolving credit facility (Note 6)
1,390,292 1,744,182 
Senior notes, net (Note 7)
906,101 886,045 
Acquired intangible lease liabilities, net76,800 95,810 
Derivative liabilities, at fair value (Note 9)
3,719 5,145 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses75,735 99,014 
Operating lease liability (Note 11)
48,333 48,369 
Prepaid rent
28,734 46,213 
Deferred tax liability
5,477 6,009 
Dividends payable
11,909 11,173 
Total Liabilities
4,768,806 5,459,828 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
— — 
Stockholders’ Equity (Note 10):
7.25% Series A cumulative redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 9,959,650 shares authorized, 6,799,467 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
68 68 
6.875% Series B cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $0.01 par value, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 11,450,000 shares authorized, 4,695,887 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
47 47 
7.500% Series D cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $0.01 par value, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 7,933,711 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
79 79 
7.375% Series E cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $0.01 par value, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 4,595,175 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
46 46 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 231,051,139 and 230,885,197 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
3,640 3,639 
Additional paid-in capital4,359,264 4,350,112 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss income (25,844)(14,096)
Accumulated deficit(2,150,342)(1,702,143)
Total Stockholders’ Equity
2,186,958 2,637,752 
Non-controlling interest— 1,397 
Total Equity
2,186,958 2,639,149 
Total Liabilities and Equity
$6,955,764 $8,098,977 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
 Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Revenue from tenants$805,010 $515,070 $378,857 
 Expenses:  
Property operating142,497 67,839 32,877 
Operating fees to related parties— 28,283 40,122 
Impairment charges90,410 68,684 21,561 
 Merger, transaction and other costs 6,026 54,492 244 
Settlement costs— 29,727 — 
General and administrative57,734 40,187 17,737 
Equity-based compensation8,931 17,297 12,072 
Depreciation and amortization349,943 222,271 154,026 
Total expenses655,541 528,780 278,639 
Operating income (loss) before gain (loss) on dispositions of real estate investments149,469 (13,710)100,218 
Gain (loss) on dispositions of real estate investments57,015 (1,672)325 
Operating income (loss)206,484 (15,382)100,543 
Other income (expense):
Interest expense(326,932)(179,411)(97,510)
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt(15,877)(1,221)(2,040)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments4,229 (3,691)18,642 
Unrealized gains on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness3,249 — 2,439 
Other income 1,720 2,270 981 
Total other expense, net(333,611)(182,053)(77,488)
Net (loss) income before income tax(127,127)(197,435)23,055 
Income tax expense(4,445)(14,475)(11,032)
Net (loss) income(131,572)(211,910)12,023 
Preferred stock dividends(43,744)(27,438)(20,386)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(175,316)$(239,348)$(8,363)
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share:
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders — Basic$(0.76)$(1.71)$(0.09)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders — Diluted$(0.76)$(1.71)$(0.09)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 230,440,385 142,584,332 103,686,395 
Diluted230,440,385 142,584,332 103,686,395 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands)

 Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Net (loss) income $(131,572)$(211,910)$12,023 
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Cumulative translation adjustment(5,029)7,015 (42,794)
Designated derivatives, fair value adjustments(6,719)(22,258)28,395 
Other comprehensive loss(11,748)(15,243)(14,399)
Comprehensive loss(143,320)(227,153)(2,376)
Preferred stock dividends(43,744)(27,438)(20,386)
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders$(187,064)$(254,591)$(22,762)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-6
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands, except share data)
Series A Preferred StockSeries B Preferred StockSeries D Preferred StockSeries E Preferred StockCommon Stock
 Number of
Shares		Par ValueNumber of
Shares		Par ValueNumber of
Shares		Par ValueNumber of
Shares		Par ValueNumber of
Shares		Par ValueAdditional Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Accumulated DeficitTotal Stockholders’ EquityNon-controlling interestTotal Equity
Balance, December 31, 20216,799,467 $68 4,503,893 $45 — $— — $— 103,900,452 $2,369 $2,675,154 $15,546 $(1,072,462)$1,620,720 $5,915 $1,626,635 
Issuance of Common Stock, net— — — — — — — — 70,218 1 893 — — 894 — 894 
Issuance of Series B Preferred Stock, net— — 191,994 2 — — — — — — 4,721 — — 4,723 — 4,723 
Dividends declared:
Common Stock, $1.60 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (166,556)(166,556)— (166,556)
Series A Preferred Stock, $1.81 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (12,324)(12,324)— (12,324)
Series B Preferred Stock, $1.72 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (8,062)(8,062)— (8,062)
Equity-based compensation, net of forfeitures— — — — — — — — 224,662 2 3,087 — — 3,089 8,983 12,072 
Common shares repurchased
upon vesting of restricted stock
— — — — — — — — (53,433)(1)(686)— — (687)— (687)
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders— — — — — — — — — — — — (400)(400)— (400)
Net income— — — — — — — — — — — — 12,023 12,023 — 12,023 
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — — — — — — (42,794)— (42,794)— (42,794)
Designated derivatives, fair value adjustments— — — — — — — — — — — 28,395 — 28,395 — 28,395 
Balance, December 31, 20226,799,467 68 4,695,887 47 — — — — 104,141,899 2,371 2,683,169 1,147 (1,247,781)1,439,021 14,898 1,453,919 
Settlement and consulting costs paid with Common Stock (Note 10)
— — — — — — — — 2,199,832 22 21,867 — — 21,889 — 21,889 
Common stock issued for earned and vested GNL LTIP Units— — — — — — — — 883,750 9 27,666 — — 27,675 (27,675)— 
Common Stock issuance costs— — — — — — — — — — (138)— — (138)— (138)
Consideration for the Mergers:
   Issuance of Common Stock— — — — — — — — 123,257,677 1,233 1,368,160 — — 1,369,393 — 1,369,393 
   Issuance of Restricted Shares— — — — — — — — 221,136 2 — — — 2 — 2 
   Issuance of Series D Preferred Stock— — — — 7,933,711 79 — — — — 155,501 — — 155,580 — 155,580 
   Issuance of Series E Preferred Stock— — — — — — 4,595,175 46 — — 90,709 — — 90,755 — 90,755 
   Issuance of Class A Units— — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,287 1,287 
Dividends declared:
Common Stock, $1.55 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (207,220)(207,220)— (207,220)
Series A Preferred Stock, $1.81 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (12,324)(12,324)— (12,324)
Series B Preferred Stock $1.72 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (8,072)(8,072)— (8,072)
   Series D Preferred Stock, $0.94 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (7,437)(7,437)— (7,437)
   Series E Preferred Stock, $0.92 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (4,236)(4,236)— (4,236)
Equity-based compensation, net of forfeitures— — — — — — — — 287,933 3 4,366 — — 4,369 12,928 17,297 
Common shares repurchased
upon vesting of restricted stock
— — — — — — — — (107,030)(1)(1,188)— — (1,189)— (1,189)
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders— — — — — — — — — — — — (3,163)(3,163)(41)(3,204)
Net loss— — — — — — — — — — — — (211,910)(211,910)— (211,910)
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — — — — — — 7,015 — 7,015 — 7,015 
F-7
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands, except share data)
Designated derivatives, fair value adjustments— — — — — — — — — — — (22,258)— (22,258)— (22,258)
Balance, December 31, 20236,799,467 68 4,695,887 47 7,933,711 79 4,595,175 46 230,885,197 3,639 4,350,112 (14,096)(1,702,143)2,637,752 1,397 2,639,149 
Common Stock issuance costs— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 
Dividends declared:
  Common Stock, $1.18 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (272,883)(272,883)— (272,883)
  Series A Preferred Stock, $1.81 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (12,324)(12,324)— (12,324)
  Series B Preferred Stock $1.72 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (8,072)(8,072)— (8,072)
   Series D Preferred Stock, $1.88 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (14,876)(14,876)— (14,876)
   Series E Preferred Stock, $1.84 per share
— — — — — — — — — — — — (8,472)(8,472)— (8,472)
Equity-based compensation, net of forfeitures— — — — — — — — 121,900 1 8,931 — — 8,932 — 8,932 
Common shares withheld
upon vesting of restricted stock
— — — — — — — — (71,815)(1)(1,038)— — (1,039)— (1,039)
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders— — — — — — — — — — — — — — (137)(137)
Net loss— — — — — — — — — — — (131,572)(131,572)— (131,572)
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — — — — — — (5,029)— (5,029)— (5,029)
Designated derivatives, fair value adjustments— — — — — — — — — — — (6,719)— (6,719)— (6,719)
Exchange of Class A Units for Common Stock— — — — — — — — 115,857 1 1,259 — — 1,260 (1,260)— 
Balance, December 31, 20246,799,467 $68 4,695,887 $47 7,933,711 $79 4,595,175 $46 231,051,139 $3,640 $4,359,264 $(25,844)$(2,150,342)$2,186,958 $— $2,186,958 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Cash flows from operating activities: 
Net (loss) income $(131,572)$(211,910)$12,023 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: 
Depreciation176,209 121,313 96,188 
Amortization of intangibles173,734 100,958 57,838 
Amortization of deferred financing costs9,980 8,622 9,494 
Amortization of discounts on mortgages and senior notes68,591 18,916 939 
Amortization of below-market lease liabilities(11,634)(5,865)(3,531)
Amortization of above-market lease assets17,964 10,582 3,990 
Amortization related to right-of-use assets 1,173 886 844 
Amortization of lease incentives1,243 861 1,362 
Unbilled straight-line rent(19,150)(10,396)(9,608)
Termination fee - receipt — — 8,558 
Equity-based compensation8,931 17,297 12,072 
Unrealized (gains) losses on foreign currency transactions, derivatives, and other(3,418)7,286 (9,366)
Unrealized (gains) on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness(3,249)— (2,439)
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt15,877 1,221 2,040 
(Gain) loss on dispositions of real estate investments(57,015)1,672 (325)
Lease incentive and commission payments(7,760)(2,777)(6,339)
Impairment charges90,410 68,684 21,561 
   Settlement and consulting costs paid with common stock— 21,889 — 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net:
Prepaid expenses and other assets6,207 7,604 (3,684)
Deferred tax assets428 (2,213)(2,214)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(22,184)(9,636)(3,047)
Prepaid rent(15,536)(682)(4,300)
Deferred tax liability241 (569)(236)
Net cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by operating activities299,470 143,743 181,820 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in real estate and real estate related assets— (134,101)(33,894)
Cash used in business combination, net of cash acquired— (451,384)— 
Deposits for real estate investments— — (7,379)
Capital expenditures(45,628)(47,296)(29,942)
Net proceeds from dispositions of real estate investments803,412 80,882 54,678 
Proceeds from insurance claims2,117 — — 
Net cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in) investing activities759,901 (551,899)(16,537)
Cash flows from financing activities: 
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities486,262 1,054,945 180,170 
Repayments on revolving credit facilities(808,620)— — 
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable317,527 — — 
Principal payments on mortgage notes payable(649,689)(340,444)(136,700)
Penalties and charges related to repayments and early repayments of debt(15,877)(986)(487)
Common shares repurchased upon vesting of restricted stock(1,038)(1,188)(686)
Common Stock issuance (costs) proceeds, net— (138)894 
Series B Preferred Stock issuance proceeds, net— — 4,723 
Payments of financing costs(7,605)(6,750)(10,116)
Dividends paid on Common Stock(272,435)(206,994)(166,837)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock(12,324)(12,324)(12,324)
Dividends paid on Series B Preferred Stock(8,072)(8,072)(7,979)
Dividends paid on Series D Preferred Stock(14,876)(3,718)— 
Dividends paid on Series E Preferred Stock(8,472)(2,118)— 
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders(137)(3,204)(400)
Net cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (used in) provided by financing activities(995,356)469,009 (149,742)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash64,015 60,853 15,541 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(2,206)(2,899)(4,407)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period162,399 104,445 93,311 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$224,208 $162,399 $104,445 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$159,698 $121,566 $103,335 
Restricted cash, end of period64,510 40,833 1,110 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$224,208 $162,399 $104,445 
Supplemental Disclosures:
Cash paid for interest$249,055 $136,510 $87,362 
Cash paid for income taxes13,125 12,500 13,740 
Non-Cash Activity:
RTL mortgages assumed in business combination$— $1,740,232 $— 
Discount on mortgages assumed in business combination$— $(152,777)$— 
RTL senior notes assumed in business combination$— $500,000 $— 
Discount on senior notes assumed in business combination$— $(113,750)$— 
Equity issued in business combination$— $1,617,015 $— 
Term Loan converted to Revolving Credit Facility$— $— $268,511 
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt$— $235 $1,553 
Accrued capital expenditures $333 $— $— 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-10
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024

Note 1 — Organization
Global Net Lease, Inc. (the “Company”) is an internally managed real estate investment trust (“REIT) for United States (“U.S.”) federal income tax purposes that focuses on acquiring and managing a global portfolio of income producing net lease assets across the U.S., and Western and Northern Europe. Historically, the Company focused on acquiring and managing a globally diversified portfolio of strategically-located commercial real estate properties, which consisted primarily of mission-critical, single tenant net-lease assets. As a result of acquiring The Necessity Retail REIT, Inc. (“RTL”) in the quarter ended September 2023, the Company acquired a diversified portfolio of 989 properties consisting of primarily necessity-based retail single-tenant and multi-tenant properties located in the U.S. Until September 12, 2023, the Company was managed by Global Net Lease Advisors, LLC (“Advisor”), who managed the Company’s day-to-day business with the assistance of the Company’s property manager, Global Net Lease Properties, LLC (“Property Manager”), who managed and leased properties to third parties. Prior to September 12, 2023, the former Advisor and the Property Manager were under common control with AR Global Investments, LLC (“AR Global”), and these related parties had historically received compensation and fees for various services provided to the Company. On September 12, 2023, the Company internalized its advisory and property management functions, as well as the advisory and property management functions of RTL. For additional information on the acquisition of RTL and the internalization of the Company’s and RTL’s advisory and property management functions, see Note 3 — The Mergers and Note 12 — Related Party Transactions.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company owned 1,121 properties (all references to number of properties, square footage and industry types are unaudited) consisting of 60.7 million rentable square feet, which were 97% leased, with a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.2 years. Based on the percentage of annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, approximately 80% of the Company’s properties were located in the U.S. and Canada and approximately 20% were located in Europe. In addition, as of December 31, 2024, the Company’s portfolio was comprised of 34% Industrial & Distribution properties, 28% Multi-Tenant retail properties, 21% Single-Tenant Retail properties and 17% Office properties. These represent the Company’s four reportable segments and the percentages are calculated using annualized straight-line rent converted from local currency into the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) as of December 31, 2024. The straight-line rent includes amounts for tenant concessions.
Substantially all of our business is conducted through Global Net Lease Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “OP”), a Delaware limited partnership, and The Necessity Retail REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“RTL OP,” and together with the OP, the “OPs”) and each of their wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The Company’s single-tenant properties and our multi-tenant anchor spaces are leased primarily to “Investment Grade” tenants, which includes both actual investment grade ratings of the tenant or guarantor, if available, or implied investment grade. Implied investment grade may include actual ratings of the tenant parent, guarantor parent (regardless of whether or not the parent has guaranteed the tenant’s obligation under the lease) or tenants that are identified as investment grade by using a proprietary Moody’s Analytics tool, which generates an implied rating by measuring an entity’s probability of default.
Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Accounting
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the OPs and their subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a joint venture and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, authority to make decisions and contractual and substantive participating rights of the other partners or members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are held by the OPs.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
F-11
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenues, which are derived primarily from lease contracts, include rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of each lease reported on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the lease. As of December 31, 2024, these leases had a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.2 years. Because many of the Company’s leases provide for rental increases at specified intervals, straight-line basis accounting requires the Company to record a receivable for, and include in revenue from tenants, unbilled rents receivable that the Company will only receive if the tenant makes all rent payments required through the expiration of the initial term of the lease. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s cumulative straight-line rents receivable in the consolidated balance sheets was $99.5 million and $84.3 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s revenue from tenants included impacts of unbilled rental revenue of $19.2 million, $10.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively, to adjust contractual rent to straight-line rent.
For new leases after acquisition of a property, the commencement date is considered to be the date the lease is executed and the tenant has access to the space. The Company defers the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates. When the Company acquires a property, the acquisition date is considered to be the commencement date for purposes of this calculation for all leases in place at the time of acquisition. In the Company’s Industrial & Distribution, Single- Tenant Retail and Office segments, in addition to base rent, the Company’s lease agreements generally require tenants to pay for their property operating expenses or reimburse the Company for property operating expenses that the Company incurs (primarily insurance costs and real estate taxes). However, some limited property operating expenses that are not the responsibility of the tenant are absorbed by the Company. In the Company’s Multi-Tenant Retail segment, the Company owns, manages and leases multi-tenant properties where the Company generally pays for the property operating expenses for those properties and most of the Company’s tenants are required to pay their pro rata share of property operating expenses. Under ASC 842, the Company has elected to report combined lease and non-lease components in a single line “Revenue from tenants.” For expenses paid directly by the tenant, under both ASC 842 and 840, the Company has reflected them on a net basis.
The following table presents future minimum base rental cash payments due to the Company over the next five calendar years and thereafter as of December 31, 2024. These amounts exclude tenant reimbursements and contingent rent payments, as applicable, that may be collected from certain tenants based on increases in annual rent based on exceeding certain economic indexes among other items:
(In thousands)
Future Minimum Base Rent Payments (1)
2025$613,629 
2026583,387 
2027525,984 
2028469,136 
2029388,650 
Thereafter1,760,390 
Total$4,341,176 
(1) Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for British Pounds Sterling (“GBP”), €1.00 to $1.04 for Euro (“EUR”) and $1.00 Canadian Dollar (“CAD”) to $0.70 as of December 31, 2024 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
The Company continually reviews receivables related to rent and unbilled rent receivables and determines collectability by taking into consideration the tenant’s payment history, the credit worthiness and financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property is located. Under lease accounting rules, the Company is required to assess, based on credit risk only, if it is probable that it will collect virtually all of the lease payments at the lease commencement date and it must continue to reassess collectability periodically thereafter based on new facts and circumstances affecting the credit risk of the tenant. Partial reserves, or the ability to assume partial recovery are not permitted. If the Company determines that it is probable it will collect virtually all of the lease payments (rent and contractually reimbursable property operating expenses), the lease will continue to be accounted for on an accrual basis (i.e. straight-line). However, if the Company determines it is not probable that it will collect virtually all of the lease payments, the lease will be accounted for on a cash basis and the straight-line rent receivable would be written off where it was subsequently concluded that collection was not probable. Cost recoveries from tenants are included in revenue from tenants on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations in the period the related costs are incurred, as applicable.
F-12
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
In accordance with the lease accounting rules, the Company records uncollectible amounts as reductions in revenue from tenants. Amounts recorded as reductions of revenue during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 totaled $3.4 million, $3.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
On September 3, 2021, the Company entered into a lease termination agreement with one of its tenants which required the tenant to pay the Company a termination fee of approximately £6.7 million ($9.0 million based on the exchange rate as of the end of the lease term on January 4, 2022). This payment was received in January 2022, however it was recorded in revenue from tenants evenly over the period from September 3, 2021 through the end of the lease term, and as a result, the Company recorded approximately £0.2 million (approximately ($0.3 million) in revenue from tenants during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Investments in Real Estate
Investments in real estate are recorded at cost. Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life of the asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
At the time an asset is acquired, the Company evaluates the inputs, processes and outputs of the asset acquired to determine if the transaction is a business combination or an asset acquisition. If an acquisition qualifies as a business combination, the related transaction costs are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations. If an acquisition qualifies as an asset acquisition, the related transaction costs are generally capitalized and subsequently amortized over the useful life of the acquired assets. See the Purchase Price Allocation section in this Note for a discussion of the initial accounting for investments in Real Estate.
Disposal of real estate investments that represent a strategic shift in operations that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results are required to be presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations. No properties were presented as discontinued operations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Properties that are intended to be sold are to be designated as “held for sale” on the consolidated balance sheets at the lesser of carrying amount or fair value less estimated selling costs when they meet specific criteria to be presented as held for sale, most significantly that the sale is probable within one year. The Company evaluates probability of sale based on specific facts including whether a sales agreement is in place and the buyer has made significant non-refundable deposits. Properties are no longer depreciated when they are classified as held for sale. As of December 31, 2024, the Company determined that 13 properties, all of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, qualified for held for sale treatment and as of December 31, 2023 the Company determined that two properties, both of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, qualified for held for sale treatment (see Note 4 — Real Estate Investments, Net for additional information).
Purchase Price Allocation
In both a business combination and an asset acquisition, the Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets or liabilities based on their respective fair values. Tangible assets may include land, land improvements, buildings, fixtures and tenant improvements on an as if vacant basis. Intangible assets may include the value of in-place leases, and above- and below- market leases and other identifiable assets or liabilities based on lease or property specific characteristics. In addition, any assumed mortgages receivable or payable and any assumed or issued non-controlling interests (in a business combination) are recorded at their estimated fair values. In allocating the fair value to assumed mortgages, amounts are recorded to debt premiums or discounts based on the present value of the estimated cash flows, which is calculated to account for either above or below-market interest rates. In a business combination, the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is either recorded as goodwill or as a bargain purchase gain. In an asset acquisition, the difference between the acquisition price (including capitalized transaction costs) and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is allocated to the non-current assets. Other than the Mergers which were accounted for as a business combination (see Note 1 — Organization and Note 3 — The Mergers), all of the other acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were asset acquisitions. There were no acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2024.
For acquired properties with leases classified as operating leases, the Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their respective fair values. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property and other market data. The Company also considers information obtained about each property as a result of the Company’s preacquisition due diligence in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and intangible liabilities assumed.
The Company utilizes various estimates, processes and information to determine the as-if vacant property value. Estimates of value are made using customary methods, including data from appraisals, comparable sales, discounted cash flow, direct
F-13
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
capitalization and other methods. Fair value estimates are also made using significant assumptions such as capitalization rates, discount rates, market rent, and land values per square foot. Identifiable intangible assets include amounts allocated to acquired leases for above- and below-market lease rates, and the value of in-place leases, as applicable.
Factors considered in the analysis of the in-place lease intangibles include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up period for each property, taking into account current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at contract rates during the expected lease-up period, which typically ranges from 12 to 18 months. The Company also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
Above-market and below-market lease values for acquired properties are initially recorded based on the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease, and (ii) management’s estimate of market rent for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the remaining initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases.
Accounting for Leases
Lessor Accounting
In accordance with the lease accounting standard, all of the Company’s leases as lessor prior to adoption of ASC 842 were accounted for as operating leases and the Company continued to account for them as operating leases under the transition guidance. The Company evaluates new leases originated after the adoption date (by the Company or by a predecessor lessor/owner) pursuant to the new guidance where a lease for some or all of a building is classified by a lessor as a sales-type lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership reside with the tenant. This situation is met if, among other things, there is an automatic transfer of title during the lease, a bargain purchase option, the non-cancelable lease term is for more than major part of remaining economic useful life of the asset (e.g., equal to or greater than 75%), if the present value of the minimum lease payments represents substantially all (e.g., equal to or greater than 90%) of the leased property’s fair value at lease inception, or if the asset so specialized in nature that it provides no alternative use to the lessor (and therefore would not provide any future value to the lessor) after the lease term. Further, such new leases would be evaluated to consider whether they would be failed sale-leaseback transactions and accounted for as financing transactions by the lessor. During the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, the Company had no leases as a lessor that would be considered as sales-type leases or financings.
As a lessor of real estate, the Company has elected, by class of underlying assets, to account for lease and non-lease components (such as tenant reimbursements of property operating expenses) as a single lease component as an operating lease because (a) the non-lease components have the same timing and pattern of transfer as the associated lease component; and (b) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. Additionally, only incremental direct leasing costs may be capitalized under the accounting guidance. Indirect leasing costs in connection with new or extended tenant leases, if any, are being expensed as incurred.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had two parcels of land leased to tenants that qualify as financing leases which were acquired in the REIT Merger. The carrying value of these leases was $6.7 million and $6.6 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and the amounts are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Income of $0.7 million and $0.2 million relating to these two leases is included in revenue from tenants in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Lessee Accounting
For lessees, the accounting standard requires the application of a dual lease classification approach, classifying leases as either operating or finance leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, while lease expense for finance leases is recognized based on an effective interest method over the term of the lease. Also, lessees must recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Further, certain transactions where at inception of the lease the buyer-lessor accounted for the transaction as a purchase of real estate and a new lease may now be required to have symmetrical accounting to the seller-lessee if the transaction was not a qualified sale-leaseback and accounted for as a financing transaction. For additional information and disclosures related to the Company’s operating leases, see Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies.
The Company is the lessee under certain land leases which were previously classified prior to adoption of lease accounting and will continue to be classified as operating leases under transition elections unless subsequently modified, as well as land leases and other operating leases that were acquired or entered into in connection with the Mergers. These leases are reflected
F-14
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
on the balance sheet as right of use assets and operating lease liabilities and the rent expense is reflected on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Impairment
The Company assesses each of its real estate properties for indicators of impairment quarterly or when circumstances indicate that the property may be impaired. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, the Company assesses the recoverability by determining whether the carrying values will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future operating cash flows expected from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition over an estimated hold period of ten years in most cases. If the Company believes there is a significant possibility that it might dispose of the assets earlier, it assesses the recoverability using a probability weighted analysis of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the various possible holding periods. If the recoverability assessment indicates that the carrying value of the real estate investment is not recoverable from the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will record an impairment to the extent that the carrying value of the property exceeds its estimated fair value.
Fair values are estimated based on contract prices for properties to be disposed, discounted cash flows or market comparable transactions. The estimation of future cash flows is subjective and is based on various assumptions, including but not limited to market rental rates, capitalization rates, hold periods, and discount rates. Determining the appropriate capitalization or discount rate requires significant judgment and is typically based on many factors, including the prevailing rate for the market or submarket, as well as the quality and location of the real estate property.
Properties held for sale are carried at the lower of their carrying values or estimated fair values less costs to sell. The estimates of fair value typically consider contracts or the results of negotiations with prospective purchasers. These estimates are subject to revision as market conditions, and the Company’s assessment of such conditions, change. These assessments have a direct impact on net income because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net earnings.
Gains and Losses on Dispositions of Real Estate Investments
Gains on sales of rental real estate are not considered sales to customers and are generally recognized pursuant to the provisions included in ASC 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (“ASC 610-20”).
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of up to 40 years for buildings, 15 years for land and building improvements, five years for fixtures and improvements and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term for tenant improvements and leasehold interests.
The value of in-place leases, exclusive of the value of above-market and below-market in-place leases, is amortized to expense over the remaining periods of the respective leases.
Assumed mortgage premiums or discounts are amortized as an increase or reduction to interest expense over the remaining terms of the respective mortgages.
Deferred leasing commissions are recorded over the terms of the related leases. The amortization expense related to leasing commissions incurred from third parties are recorded in depreciation and amortization. Prior to the Mergers, amortization expense related to leasing commissions incurred from the former Advisor were recorded within operating fees to related parties in the consolidated statements of operations. As a result of the Mergers (as defined on Note 2- The Mergers), the Company no longer pay any leasing commissions to the former Advisor.
Above and Below-Market Lease Amortization
Capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of revenue from tenants over the remaining terms of the respective leases and the capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to revenue from tenants over the remaining initial terms plus the terms of any below-market fixed rate renewal options of the respective leases. If a tenant with a below-market rent renewal does not renew, any remaining unamortized amount will be taken into income at that time.
Above market intangibles and below market intangibles will also be treated in the same way as in-place intangibles upon a lease termination.
If a tenant modifies its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value, customer relationship intangibles, above-market leases and below market leases are assessed to determine whether their useful lives need to be amended (generally accelerated).
The amortization associated with the Company’s ROUs is recorded in property operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases.
F-15
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank accounts as well as investments in highly-liquid money market funds with original maturities of three months or less. The Company deposits cash with high quality financial institutions. Deposits in the U.S. and other countries where we have deposits are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (“FDIC”) in the U.S., Financial Services Compensation Scheme (“FSCS”) in the United Kingdom, Duchy Deposit Guarantee Scheme (“DDGS”) in Luxembourg and by similar agencies in the other countries, up to insurance limits. The Company had deposits in the U.S., United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Germany, Finland, France and The Netherlands totaling $159.7 million at December 31, 2024, of which $88.0 million, $30.1 million and $23.5 million are currently in excess of amounts insured by the FDIC, FSCS and European equivalent deposit insurance companies including DDGS, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the Company had deposits in the U.S., United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Germany, Finland and The Netherlands totaling $121.6 million, of which $47.0 million, $32.8 million and $26.6 million were in excess of the amounts insured by the FDIC, FSCS and European equivalent deposit insurance companies including DDGS, respectively. Although the Company bears risk to amounts in excess of those insured, losses are not anticipated.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of debt service and real estate tax reserves. The Company had restricted cash of $64.5 million and $40.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $8.4 million of cash held as collateral for two of its properties which were sold in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Goodwill
The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually or upon the occurrence of a triggering event. The Company performed its annual impairment evaluation during the fourth quarter of 2024 to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of its reporting units was less than their carrying value. For purposes of this assessment, an operating segment is a reporting unit. Based on this assessment, the Company determined that no goodwill was impaired as of December 31, 2024.
The Company will continue to assess for triggering events. A triggering is an occurrence or circumstance that indicates it is more likely than not that goodwill may be impaired. In such cases, an interim impairment test is required before the next annual evaluation. Should any triggering event occur, the Company would evaluate the carrying value of its goodwill by segment through an impairment test. If impairment is warranted, the charge would be recorded through the consolidated statement of operations as a reduction to earnings. The Company assessed the potential sale of 100 of its multi-tenant retail properties (see Note 17 — Subsequent Events) as a triggering event and determined that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2024. The Company will continue to monitor the multi-tenant retail segment’s goodwill if and when the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition (as defined in Note 17 — Subsequent Events) closes in 2025.
Derivative Instruments
The Company may use derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings. In addition, all foreign currency denominated borrowings under the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6 - Revolving Credit Facility) are designated as net investment hedges. Certain of the Company’s foreign operations expose the Company to fluctuations of foreign interest rates and exchange rates. These fluctuations may impact the value of the Company’s cash receipts and payments in the Company’s functional currency, the USD. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments in an effort to protect the value or fix the amount of certain obligations in terms of its functional currency.
The Company records all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in foreign operations. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.
The accounting for subsequent changes in the fair value of these derivatives depends on whether each has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment. If the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting treatment (or for derivatives
F-16
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
that do not qualify as hedges), any changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments is recognized immediately in gains (losses) on derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of operations. If a derivative is designated and qualifies for cash flow hedge accounting treatment, the change in the estimated fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income to the extent that it is effective. Any ineffective portion of a change in derivative fair value is immediately recorded in earnings.
Deferred Financing Costs, Net
Deferred financing costs, net are costs associated with the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility) and consist of commitment fees, legal fees, and other costs associated with obtaining commitments for financing. These costs are amortized over the terms of the respective financing agreements using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or paid down before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financial transactions that do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.
Equity-Based Compensation
The Company has stock-based incentive plans under which its directors, officers, employees, consultants or entities that provide services to the Company are, or have historically been, eligible to receive awards. Awards granted thereunder are accounted for under the guidance for employee share-based payments. The cost of services received in exchange for a stock award is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and the expense for such awards is included in equity-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and is recognized over the vesting period or when the requirements for exercise of the award have been met.
The Company has historically issued restricted shares of Common Stock (“Restricted Shares”), restricted stock units in respect of shares of Common Stock (“RSUs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”). Also, although none remain outstanding as of December 31, 2024 or 2023, the Company historically had issued long-term incentive plan units of limited partner interest in the OP (“GNL LTIP Units”) (see below for more information). For additional information on all of the equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company, see Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation.
Multi-Year Outperformance Agreement With Former Advisor
On June 2, 2021, the Company entered into the multi-year outperformance agreement in June 2021 with the former Advisor (the “2021 OPP”). In connection with the Internalization Merger Agreement, the parties agreed to modify the terms of the existing 2021 OPP to accelerate the timing for determining whether the award is vested and earned, which changed the end date of the performance period to September 11, 2023, the day prior to Acquisition Date (as defined below) of the Mergers. Due to this modification, all of the remaining recognized compensation expense was accelerated and recorded in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (through September 11, 2023). For additional information on the 2021 OPP and the ultimate determination of the vesting of the award on September 11, 2023, see Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation.
Income Taxes
The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013. Commencing with such taxable year, the Company was organized to operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code and believes it has so qualified. The Company intends to continue to operate in such a manner to continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that it will operate in a manner to remain qualified as a REIT. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent it distributes annually all of its REIT taxable income. REITs are subject to a number of other organizational and operational requirements.
The Company conducts business in various states and municipalities within the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom and Western Europe and, as a result, the Company or one of its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and certain foreign jurisdictions. As a result, the Company may be subject to certain federal, state, local and foreign taxes on its income and assets, including alternative minimum taxes, taxes on any undistributed income and state, local or foreign income, franchise, property and transfer taxes. Any of these taxes decrease the Company’s earnings and available cash. In addition, the Company’s international assets and operations, including those owned through direct or indirect subsidiaries that are disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.
Significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s tax provision and in evaluating its tax positions. The Company establishes tax reserves based on a benefit recognition model, which the Company believes could result in a greater amount of benefit (and a lower amount of reserve) being initially recognized in certain circumstances. Provided that the tax position is deemed more likely than not of being sustained, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is
F-17
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
greater than 50 percent likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. The Company derecognizes the tax position when the likelihood of the tax position being sustained is no longer more likely than not.
The Company recognizes deferred income taxes in certain of its subsidiaries taxable in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are generally the result of temporary differences (items that are treated differently for tax purposes than for GAAP purposes). In addition, deferred tax assets arise from unutilized tax net operating losses, generated in prior years. The Company provides a valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets when it believes that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred income tax asset may not be realized. Whenever a change in circumstances causes a change in the estimated realizability of the related deferred income tax asset, the resulting increase or decrease in the valuation allowance is included in deferred income tax expense (benefit).
The Company derives most of its REIT taxable income from its real estate operations in the U.S. and has historically distributed all of its REIT taxable income to its shareholders. As such, the Company’s real estate operations are generally not subject to U.S. federal tax, and accordingly, no provision has been made for U.S. federal income taxes in the consolidated financial statements for these operations. These operations may be subject to certain state, local, and foreign taxes, as applicable.
The Company recognizes current income tax expense for state and local income taxes and taxes incurred in its foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s current income tax expense fluctuates from period to period based primarily on the timing of its taxable income. Deferred income tax (expense) benefit is generally a function of the period’s temporary differences and the utilization of net operating losses generated in prior years that had been previously recognized as deferred income tax assets from state and local taxes in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions.
The amount of dividends payable to the Company’s common stockholders is determined by the Board and is dependent on a number of factors, including funds available for distributions, financial condition, capital expenditure requirements, as applicable, and annual dividend requirements needed to qualify and maintain the Company’s status as a REIT under the Code.
For addition details related to the Company’s income tax expense, as well as recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities, see Note 16 — Income Taxes.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s reporting currency is the USD. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign operations is the applicable local currency for each foreign subsidiary. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries (including intercompany balances for which settlement is not anticipated in the foreseeable future) are translated at the spot rate in effect at the applicable reporting date. The amounts reported in the consolidated statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the applicable period. The resulting unrealized cumulative translation adjustment is recorded as a component of AOCI in the consolidated statements of equity.
Per Share Data
The Company calculates basic earnings per share of its $0.01 par value per share common stock (“Common Stock”) by dividing net income (loss) for the period by weighted-average shares of its Common Stock outstanding for a respective period. Diluted income per share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments such as unvested RSUs, Restricted Shares, PSU’s and in 2022, GNL LTIP Units, based on the average share price for the period in determining the number of incremental shares that are to be added to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding (see Note 14— Earnings Per Share).
Reportable Segments
The Company determined that it has four reportable segments based on property type: (1) Industrial & Distribution, (2) Multi-Tenant Retail, (3) Single-Tenant Retail and (4) Office (see Note 15 — Segment Reporting for additional information).
Noncontrolling Interests
The noncontrolling interests as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 represents the portion of the equity in the OP that is not owned by the Company. Noncontrolling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the consolidated balance sheets and presented as net loss attributable to non-controlling interests on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Noncontrolling interests are allocated a share of net income or loss based on their share of equity ownership. The Company did not allocate any net loss to non-controlling interests as the amount was not significant. In December 2024, the holder of the Company’s Class A Units exchanged all of the Class A Units for an equal amount of shares of Common Stock, and as a result the Company no longer has any noncontrolling interest.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted as of January 1, 2022:
F-18
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Topic 470) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Topic 815). The new standard reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock, and amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity's own equity. The standard also amends and makes targeted improvements to the related earnings per share guidance. The ASU became effective for the Company January 1, 2022, and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Adopted as of December 31, 2023:
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. Topic 848 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform-related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives, and other contracts. The guidance in Topic 848 is optional and may be elected over the period from March 12, 2020 through June 30, 2023 as reference rate reform activities occur. During quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future London Interbank Offered Rate indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company fully adopted this guidance as of June 30, 2023.
Adopted as of December 31, 2024
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 80) — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The new standard requires additional disclosures regarding a company’s segments, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses on an annual and interim basis. However, the new standard does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The new standard is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted the new guidance in this Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and it did not have an impact on its consolidated financial statements as the provisions are related to disclosure only.
Pending Adoption as of December 31, 2024
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The new standard expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. Public entities must apply the new standard to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company will adopt the new guidance in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 and it does not expect it to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements as the provisions are related to disclosure only.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Topic 220) — Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The new standard requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement as well as disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented in the income statement. Public entities must apply the new standard to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Both early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
F-19
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Note 3 - The Mergers
On September 12, 2023, the REIT Merger (as defined below) and the Internalization Merger (as defined below) were both consummated (collectively, the “Mergers”). The REIT Merger and Internalization Merger were conditioned upon each other and accordingly are considered “related” and treated as a single transaction for accounting and reporting purposes.
The REIT Merger
Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated May 23, 2023 (the “REIT Merger Agreement”), on the Acquisition Date, RTL merged with and into Osmosis Sub I, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GNL (“REIT Merger Sub”), with REIT Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity (the “REIT Merger”) and as a wholly-owned subsidiary of GNL, followed by Osmosis Sub II, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the OP, merging with and into the RTL OP, with RTL OP continuing as the surviving entity (the “OP Merger” and collectively with the REIT Merger, the “REIT Mergers”).
On the Acquisition Date, pursuant to the REIT Merger Agreement, each issued and outstanding share of RTL’s (i) Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “RTL Class A Common Stock”), was converted into 0.670 shares (the “Exchange Ratio”) of GNL’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), (ii) 7.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“RTL Series A Preferred Stock”), was automatically converted into one share of newly created 7.50% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), and (iii) 7.375% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“RTL Series C Preferred Stock”), was automatically converted into one share of newly created 7.375% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series E Preferred Stock”).
Also, pursuant to the REIT Merger Agreement:
•The Company issued Common Stock (adjusted for the Exchange Ratio) for certain shares of restricted RTL Class A Common Stock (“RTL Restricted Shares”) (see table below for details).
•The Company issued Class A Units (adjusted for the Exchange Ratio) to the previous holder of RTL Class A Units (see table below for details).
The Internalization Merger
Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated May 23, 2023 (the “Internalization Merger Agreement”) to internalize the advisory and property management functions of the combined companies, on the Acquisition Date, (i) GNL Advisor Merger Sub LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the OP merged with and into the former Advisor, with the former Advisor continuing in existence; (ii) GNL PM Merger Sub LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the OP merged with and into the Property Manager, with the Property Manager continuing in existence; (iii) RTL Advisor Merger Sub LLC merged with and into Necessity Retail Advisors, LLC (“RTL Advisor”), with RTL Advisor continuing in existence; and (iv) RTL PM Merger Sub LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the OP merged with and into Necessity Retail Properties, LLC (“RTL Property Manager”), with RTL Property Manager continuing in existence (collectively, the Internalization Merger). As a result of the consummation of the Internalization Merger, the advisory agreements were terminated for both the Company and RTL and the Company assumed both of the Company’s and RTL’s property management agreements and the Company was no longer externally managed. The Company internalized these functions with its own dedicated workforce (see Note 12 — Related Party Transactions and Arrangements for additional information on the Internalization Merger).
As consideration for the Internalization Merger, the Company issued 29,614,825 shares of its Common Stock valued in the aggregate at $325.0 million to AR Global and paid cash in an amount equal to $50.0 million to AR Global. The number of shares issued in respect of the Internalization Merger was valued based on the Company’s 5-day volume-weighted average price as of market close on May 11, 2023 of $10.97 per share of Common Stock. The Company registered these shares for resale under the Securities Act, pursuant to the terms and conditions (including limitations) thereof.
Transaction Fees
BMO Capital Markets Corp. (“BMO”), the financial advisor to the special committee of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) comprised solely of independent directors that was formed by the Board (the “Special Committee”), was paid a fee of $30.0 million, $3.0 million of which was paid in the quarter ended June 30, 2023 upon delivery of BMO’s opinion regarding the REIT Merger and the remaining $27.0 million was paid upon consummation of the Mergers in the quarter ended September 30, 2023. In addition, the Company paid BMO a fee of $1.0 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2023, which was paid upon delivery of BMO’s opinion regarding the Internalization Merger. The Company reimbursed BMO for its transaction-related expenses, which totaled approximately $0.3 million, and agreed to indemnify BMO and certain related parties against certain potential liabilities arising out of or in connection with its engagement.



F-20
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred
The following table presents the fair value of the consideration transferred to affect the acquisition:
Fair Value Calculation
Shares or Units
Price Used to Calculate Fair Value
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred (In thousands)
Consideration Type
Fair value of Common Stock issued to holders of RTL Class A Common Stock (1)
93,432,946 $11.11 (2)$1,038,040 Common Stock
Fair value of Common Stock issued upon vesting of certain RTL Restricted Shares209,906 $11.11 (2)2,332 Common Stock
Fair value of Common Stock issued to AR Global for the Internalization Merger 29,614,825 (3)$11.11 (2)329,021 Common Stock
Fair value of Class A Units issued by the OP to holder of RTL Class A Units115,857 $11.11 (2)1,287 Class A Units
Fair value of GNL Series D Preferred Stock issued to holders of RTL Series A Preferred Stock (6)
7,933,711 (4)$19.61 (4)155,580 Series D Preferred Stock
Fair value of GNL Series E Preferred Stock to be issued to holders of RTL Series C Preferred Stock (6)
4,595,175 (5)$19.75 (5)90,755 Series E Preferred Stock
Total equity consideration1,617,015 
Cash consideration paid to AR Global 50,000 Cash
Cash used to repay RTL’s credit facility at closing of the REIT Merger
466,000 Cash
Total consideration transferred$2,133,015 
___________
(1)Includes RTL LTIP Units earned and converted to RTL Class A Common Stock and certain vested shares of RTL Restricted Shares, both of which occurred prior to the Acquisition Date (see Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation).
(2) Represents the closing price of GNL’s Common Stock on the Acquisition Date.
(3) The considered value of Common Stock to be issued to AR Global was $325.0 million for the Internalization Merger, and the number of shares issued was valued based on the Company’s 5-day volume-weighted average price as of market close on May 11, 2023. The price used to calculate fair value represents the closing price of GNL’s Common Stock on the Acquisition Date.
(3)Each share of the RTL Series A Preferred Stock was exchanged for one new share of Series D Preferred Stock respectively. The price used to calculate fair value represents the closing price of the RTL Series A Preferred Stock on the Acquisition Date.
(5) Each share of the RTL Series C Preferred Stock was exchanged for one new share of Series E Preferred Stock respectively. The price used to calculate fair value represents the closing price of the RTL Series C Preferred Stock on the Acquisition Date.


F-21
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Purchase Price Allocation
The Mergers were all conditioned upon each other and accordingly are considered “related” and treated as a single transaction for accounting and reporting purposes. The Mergers were accounted for under the acquisition method for business combinations pursuant to GAAP, with the Company as the accounting acquirer of RTL. The consideration transferred by the Company in the Mergers established a new accounting basis for the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interests, measured at their respective fair value as of the Acquisition Date. To the extent fair value of the consideration paid exceeded the fair value of net assets acquired, any such excess represented goodwill.
The Company provided a provisional allocation of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Mergers in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, June 30, 2024, March 31. 2024 and December 31, 2023 (the “Measurement Period”), adjustments were determined and recorded as if they had been completed at the Acquisition Date.
The following table summarizes the amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of Acquisition Date, as well as adjustments made during the Measurement Period, to the amounts previously reported in the three months ended September 30, 2023.
(in thousands)Amounts Recognized as of the Acquisition Date (as previously reported)Measurement Period AdjustmentsAmounts Recognized as of the Acquisition Date (as adjusted)
Assets Acquired:
Land$954,967 $615 $955,582 
Buildings, fixtures and improvements2,526,810 349 2,527,159 
Total tangible assets3,481,777 964 (1)3,482,741 
Acquired intangible assets:
In-place leases582,475 (1,045)581,430 
Above-market lease assets67,718 50 67,768 
Total acquired intangible lease assets650,193 (995)(1)649,198 
Cash65,223 (607)(2)64,616 
Operating lease right-of-use assets26,407 10 26,417 
Prepaid expenses and other assets60,862 (1,702)(3)59,160 
Goodwill29,817 640 (4)30,457 
Total assets acquired4,314,279 (1,690)4,312,589 
Liabilities Assumed:
Mortgage notes payable, net1,587,455 — 1,587,455 
Senior notes, net386,250 — 386,250 
Acquired intangible lease liabilities76,682 3 76,685 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses86,031 (1,663)(5)84,368 
Operating lease liabilities26,407 (30)26,377 
Prepaid rent18,439 — 18,439 
Total liabilities assumed2,181,264 (1,690)2,179,574 
Total consideration transferred$2,133,015 $— $2,133,015 
________
(1) These adjustments were recorded to reflect changes in the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets, from the initial provisional estimates, due to the receipt of new information.
(2) The decrease in cash was due to the receipt of new information, subsequent to the initial provisional estimates, related to cash acquired as of the Acquisition Date.
(3) The net decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets was due to the receipt of new information, subsequent to the initial provisional estimates, primarily related to receivables that were estimated as of the Acquisition Date.
(4) The net increase in goodwill from the initial provisional valuation reflects the net impact of all measurement period adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
(5) The net decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses was due to the receipt of new information, subsequent to the initial provisional estimates, related to accrued expenses that were estimated as of the Acquisition Date.

F-22
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Goodwill
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Mergers includes the expected synergies and other benefits that we believe will result from the Internalization Merger and any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Goodwill is not amortized and the Company has allocated the goodwill to its segments (see Note 15 — Segment Reporting for additional details).
Impact of Acquisition
The following table presents information for RTL that is included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income from the Acquisition Date through the year ended December 31, 2023:
(In thousands)RTL’s Operations Included in GNL’s Results
Revenue from tenants$132,506 
Net loss$(22,735)
Pro Forma Information (Unaudited)
The following table presents unaudited supplemental pro forma information as if the Mergers had occurred on January 1, 2022 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations of the Company would have been assuming the Mergers had taken place on January 1, 2022, nor is it indicative of the results of operations for future periods.

(In thousands)Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Pro Forma Revenue from tenants$815,803 $819,991 
Pro Forma Net loss$(347,046)$(89,796)
F-23
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Note 4 — Real Estate Investments, Net
Property Acquisitions
The following table presents the allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, in the case of assets located outside of the United States, based on the applicable exchange rate at the time of purchase. With the exception of the Mergers, which was treated as a business combination (see Note 3 — The Mergers), all acquisitions in these periods were considered asset acquisitions for accounting purposes. There were no acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollar amounts in thousands)20232022
Business CombinationAsset AcquisitionsTotalTotal (All Asset Acquisitions)
Real estate investments, at cost:
Land$955,582 $9,541 $965,123 $4,176 
Buildings, fixtures and improvements2,527,159 73,150 2,600,309 25,938 
Total tangible assets3,482,741 82,691 3,565,432 30,114 
Acquired intangible lease assets:
In-place leases581,430 9,231 590,661 4,010 
Above-market lease assets67,768 40,964 108,732 — 
Below-market lease liabilities— — — (230)
Total intangible assets and liabilities649,198 50,195 699,393 3,780 
Cash64,616 — 64,616 — 
Right-of-use asset26,417 1,426 27,843 — 
Prepaid expenses and other assets59,160 — 59,160 — 
Goodwill30,457 — 30,457 — 
    Total assets acquired4,312,589 134,312 4,446,901 33,894 
Liabilities Assumed:
Mortgage note payable1,587,455 — 1,587,455 — 
Senior notes, net386,250 — 386,250 — 
Acquired intangible lease liabilities76,685 211 76,896 — 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses84,368 — 84,368 — 
Operating lease liabilities26,377 — 26,377 — 
Prepaid rent18,439 — 18,439 — 
    Total liabilities assumed2,179,574 211 2,179,785 — 
Equity issued in acquisitions1,617,015 — 1,617,015 — 
Cash paid for acquired real estate investments$516,000 $134,101 $650,101 $33,894 
Number of properties purchased989 9 998 3 




F-24
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The following table summarizes the acquisition by property type, listed by reportable segment, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Property Type
Number of Properties
Square Feet (unaudited)
Properties Acquired in 2023:
Industrial & Distribution31 4,085,826 
Multi-Tenant Retail109 16,375,661 
Single-Tenant Retail851 7,140,274 
Office7 305,912 
998 27,907,673 
Properties Acquired in 2022:
Industrial & Distribution2 232,600 
Multi-Tenant Retail— — 
Single-Tenant Retail— — 
Office1 66,626 
3 299,226 
Acquired Intangible Lease Assets
The Company allocates a portion of the fair value of real estate acquired to identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of origination costs (tenant improvements, leasing commissions, and legal and marketing costs), the value of above-market and below-market leases, and the value of tenant relationships, if applicable, based in each case on their relative fair values. The Company periodically assesses whether there are any indicators that the value of the intangible assets may be impaired by performing a net present value analysis of future cash flows, discounted for the inherent risk associated with each investment.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company wrote off certain intangibles related to properties that were evaluated for impairments. For additional information on the write off of intangibles, see the “Intangible Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities” section below.
Impairment Charges
Year Ended December 31, 2024
The Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $90.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, comprised of the following:
•During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company determined that 23 of its properties (21 in the U.S. and two in the U.K.), had an estimated fair value that was lower than the carrying value of the properties. The estimated fair values for 21 of the properties were based on the estimated selling price of such properties and the remainder were based on market comparable transactions. As a result, the Company recorded impairment charges including of intangible assets of approximately $20.1 million. Of the 23 properties impaired during the three months ended December 31, 2024, 20 were acquired in the REIT Merger.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company determined that 21 of its properties located in the U.S. (19 of which were acquired in the REIT Merger) had an estimated fair value that was lower than the carrying value of the properties, based on the estimated selling price of such properties, and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $38.6 million.
•During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company determined that six of its properties located in the U.S. (three of which were acquired in the REIT Merger) had an estimated fair value that was lower than the carrying value of the properties, based on the estimated selling price of such properties, and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $27.4 million. The majority of the impairment charge was due to legacy GNL properties.
•During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company determined that six of its properties located in the U.S. (all of which were acquired in the REIT Merger) had an estimated fair value that was lower than the carrying value of
F-25
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
the properties, based on the estimated selling price of such properties, and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $4.3 million.
Year Ended December 31, 2023
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $68.7 million, comprised of the following:
•During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined that one of its properties located in Scotland (which was owned prior to the REIT Merger) had an estimated fair value that was lower than its carrying value based on the estimated selling price of the property, and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.8 million. Also during three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined that two of its properties located in the U.S. (which were acquired in the REIT Merger) had an estimated fair value that was lower than its carrying value based on the estimated selling prices of the properties, and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.2 million.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company determined that the fair values of four of its properties (one in the U.K. and three in the U.S.) were lower than their carrying values. These four properties were all owned by the Company prior to the REIT Merger. The Company recorded aggregate impairment charges for these properties, including the impairments to intangible assets noted below, of $65.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, which is recorded in impairment charges in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. The impairment charge in the third quarter of 2023 for the property in the U.K. was based on a calculation of the estimated fair value of the property. The impairment charges for the properties in the U.S. were based on the estimated selling prices of the properties.
Year Ended December 31, 2022
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $21.6 million for three properties, which are recorded in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. For one of these properties, which was held for sale in the first quarter, the Company incurred an additional impairment for costs to sell the asset. The other two properties that were impaired during 2022 were both being marketed for sale. The impairment for the first property being marketed for sale occurred in the second quarter of 2022 and totaled $16.0 million. The impairment was based on a purchase and sale contract; however, the property did not meet the criteria for held for sale at that time. In the third quarter, this property met the criteria for held for sale and an additional impairment of $0.8 million was taken for costs to sell the asset. This property was sold in November 2022. The impairment charge for the second property being marketed for sale was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022 and totaled $4.5 million, based on the agreed upon selling price of the asset.
Dispositions
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 178 properties, 164 of which were acquired in the REIT Merger. As a result, the Company recorded a net gain of $57.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2024.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold eleven properties, ten of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, and recorded a net loss of $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold one property in the U.S., one property in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and one property in France for an aggregate contract sales price of approximately $56.0 million for all three properties sold. As a result, the Company recorded an aggregate gain of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

F-26
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The following table summarizes the aforementioned properties sold in 2024, 2023 and 2022:
PortfolioCountry/State
Disposition Date
Number of Properties
Square Feet (unaudited)
Properties Sold in 2024:
O’Charley’sAL, IN, TN, MS, NC, GA, KY, OH, TN, IL, LAFebruary & March (5 properties); April & May & June (7 properties); July, August & September (3 properties); October & November (3 properties)18120,599 
Truist BankFL, GA, TN, NC, SC, VA, OH, FLFebruary & March (11 properties); April & May (11 properties ); September (1 property)2396,538 
Fife CouncilUnited KingdomFebruary137,331 
TOMs KingIL, OH & PAFebruary, August, October & November624,211 
FedExMNMarch111,501 
AmazonKYMay179,105 
American Car CenterAL, GA, KY, SC, TN, ARMay, June, August & November764,962 
AmeriColdGA, IL, MN, SCJune91,407,166 
CVSMIJune110,880 
Decatur CommonsALMay1125,635 
DieboldOHJune1158,330 
KlaussnerNC, VAMay & September21,244,737 
Shippensburg MarketplacePAApril159,866 
Springfield CommonsOHJune1164,843 
Family DollarCO & AR & LAJuly & October & November432,988 
Shops at AbileneTXJuly1175,642 
HEB CenterTXJuly1130,127 
East West CommonsGAAugust1173,205 
Johnson ControlsSpainAugust129,095 
ImperialALAugust110,022 
Foster WheelerUnited KingdomAugust1365,832 
The PlantOHAugust1367,926 
Joe's Crab ShackNCSeptember17,903 
Trinity/ValasisMISeptember2276,621 
PlasmaNV, PA & TXSeptember & December336,607 
EprediaMISeptember1114,700 
Pizza HutGA, NC, NY, MT, OH, VA, IL, KY, UT, TX, OK, WY, COOctober, November & December36108,042 
Taco JohnsMN & IDOctober23,814 
HardeesALOctober13,812 
Burger KingOHOctober & November26,323 
Sterling SlidelLANovember & December2333,769 
CheckersGANovember11,065 
FreeseniusAL, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, ME, MI, MO, MS, MT, NC, NH, NJ, OH, PA, SC & VADecember35293,763 
Poplar SpringsSCDecember164,078 
Mister Car WashGADecember520,310 
GE AviationOHDecember1102,000 
Home DepotCADecember1141,021 
1786,404,369 
F-27
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
PortfolioCountry/State
Disposition Date
Number of Properties
Square Feet (unaudited)
Properties Sold in 2023:
American Car CenterFloridaSeptember 13, 2023147,927 
American Car CenterMississippiSeptember 21, 2023129,919 
TOMs KingOhioOctober 13, 202314,798 
American Car CenterGeorgiaOctober 19, 202316,425 
TOMs KingOhioNovember 1, 202314,014 
American Car CenterMississippiNovember 3, 202314,889 
Truist BankNorth CarolinaNovember 13, 202314,156 
American Car CenterAlabamaDecember 1, 202313,096 
Family DollarKentuckyDecember 6, 202318,050 
O'Charley'sSouth CarolinaDecember 6, 202316,873 
Quest DiagnosticsCaliforniaDecember 22, 20231223,894 
11344,041 
Properties Sold in 2022:
Bradford & BingleyUKMay 6, 20221120,618 
AxonTexasJuly 25, 2022126,400 
SagemcomFranceNovember 30, 20221265,309 
3412,327 
Assets Held for Sale
When assets are identified by management as held for sale, the Company stops recognizing depreciation and amortization expense on the identified assets and estimates the sales price, net of costs to sell, of those assets. If the carrying amount of the assets classified as held for sale exceeds the estimated net sales price, the Company records an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the Company’s estimate of the net sales price of the assets.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company evaluated its assets for held for sale classification. As of December 31, 2024, the Company determined that 13 properties, all of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, qualified for held for sale treatment. As of December 31, 2023, the Company determined that two properties, both of which were acquired in the REIT Merger, qualified for held for sale treatment. Because these assets are considered held for sale, the operating results remain classified within continuing operations for all periods presented.
The following table details the major classes of the assets associated with the properties that the Company determined to be classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Real estate investments held for sale, at cost:
Land$4,574 $860 
Buildings, fixtures and improvements11,658 2,349 
 Acquired intangible lease assets1,627 — 
Total real estate assets held for sale, at cost17,859 3,209 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(453)(21)
Total real estate investments held for sale, net$17,406 0$3,188 
Intangible Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities
The Company recorded $2.5 million of impairment charges on its acquired intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company recorded impairment charges of approximately $1.5 million on its in-place lease intangible assets and $1.0 million on its above-market lease intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2024, and approximately $1.0 million on its in-place lease intangible assets and $0.8 million on its above-market lease intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2023. These impairments were recorded in connection with the four properties that were impaired in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (as described above).
The Company recorded impairment charges of $0.5 million to its in-place intangible assets and $0.2 million to its below-market lease intangible liabilities, both associated with a real estate investment that it sold during the year ended December 31, 2022.
F-28
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Acquired intangible lease assets and lease liabilities consist of the following:
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(In thousands)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying amountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying amount
Intangible assets: 
In-place leases
$940,139 $399,271 $540,868 $1,215,443 $436,249 $779,194 
Above-market leases117,828 33,504 84,324 144,538 32,724 111,814 
Total acquired intangible lease assets
$1,057,967 $432,775 $625,192 $1,359,981 $468,973 $891,008 
Intangible liabilities:  
Below-market leases
$107,903 $31,103 $76,800 $120,022 $24,212 $95,810 
Total acquired intangible lease liabilities
$107,903 $31,103 $76,800 $120,022 $24,212 $95,810 

Projected Amortization for Intangible Lease Assets and Liabilities
The following table provides the weighted-average amortization periods as of December 31, 2024 for intangible assets and liabilities and the projected amortization expense and adjustments to revenues and property operating expense for the next five calendar years:
(In thousands) Weighted-Average Amortization
Years		20252026202720282029
In-place leases6.3$122,447 $95,432 $74,088 $56,838 $39,557 
Total to be included as an increase to depreciation and amortization
$122,447 $95,432 $74,088 $56,838 $39,557 
Above-market lease assets
7.4$14,108 $12,255 $11,150 $9,333 $7,581 
Below-market lease liabilities12.6(9,133)(7,750)(6,862)(6,168)(5,360)
Total to be included as an increase (decrease) to revenue from tenants $4,975 $4,505 $4,288 $3,165 $2,221 
Significant Tenants
There were no tenants whose annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024 represented 10.0% or greater of consolidated annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for all properties as of December 31, 2024. The termination, delinquency or non-renewal of leases by any major tenant may have a material adverse effect on revenues.
Geographic Concentrations
The following table lists the countries and states where the Company has concentrations of properties where annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, represented greater than 10% of consolidated annualized rental income on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
December 31,
Country / U.S. State202420232022
United States80.1%79.7%63.9%
Michigan9.2%8.4%15.5%
United Kingdom10.4%11.1%17.4%

F-29
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Note 5 — Mortgage Notes Payable, Net
In connection with the REIT Merger, the Company assumed all of RTL’s mortgage notes payable as of the Acquisition Date. Mortgage notes payable, net as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:
Encumbered Properties
Outstanding Loan Amount (1)
Effective Interest Rate
Interest Rate
CountryPortfolioDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Maturity
Anticipated
Repayment (2)
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Finland:Finland Properties5$76,866 $— 5.0%(3)Fixed/Variable Jan. 2029Jan. 2029
Finland Properties—— 81,695 —%(3)Fixed/VariableFeb. 2024Feb. 2024
Luxembourg/ The Netherlands:Benelux Properties—— 129,752 —%(4)Fixed Jun. 2024Jun. 2024
Total EUR denominated576,866 211,447 
United Kingdom:McLaren —— 128,587 —%(5)FixedApr. 2024Apr. 2024
Total GBP denominated—— 128,587 
United States:Penske Logistics170,000 70,000 4.7%(6)FixedNov. 2028Nov. 2028
Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan I10162,580 162,580 4.4%(6)FixedNov. 2027Nov. 2027
Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan II832,750 32,750 4.4%(6)FixedFeb. 2028Feb. 2028
Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan III798,500 98,500 4.9%(6)FixedDec. 2028Dec. 2028
Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan IV1590,111 97,500 4.6%(6)FixedMay 2029May 2029
Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan V11139,771 139,771 3.7%(6)FixedOct. 2029Oct. 2029
2019 Class A-1 Net-Lease Mortgage Notes70105,859 110,815 3.8%FixedMay 2049May 2026
2019 Class A-2 Net-Lease Mortgage Notes75118,798 119,409 4.5%FixedMay 2049May 2029
2021 Class A-1 Net-Lease Mortgage Notes4949,362 50,971 2.2%FixedMay 2051May 2028
2021 Class A-2 Net-Lease Mortgage Notes4985,262 88,041 2.8%FixedMay 2051May 2031
2021 Class A-3 Net-Lease Mortgage Notes3834,997 34,997 3.1%FixedMay 2051May 2028
2021 Class A-4 Net-Lease Mortgage Notes3854,995 54,995 3.7%FixedMay 2051May 2031
Column Financial Mortgage Notes290463,370 697,595 3.8%(7)FixedAug. 2025Aug. 2025
Mortgage Loan II12210,000 210,000 4.2%FixedJan. 2028Jan. 2028
Mortgage Loan III2233,400 33,400 4.1%FixedJan. 2028Jan. 2028
RTL Multi-Tenant Mortgage II—— 25,000 —%FixedFeb. 2024Feb. 2024
McGowin Park—— 39,025 —%FixedMay 2024May 2024
CMBS Loan29260,000 260,000 6.5%FixedSept. 2033Sept. 2033
CMBS Loan II20237,000 — 5.8%FixedApr. 2029Apr. 2029
Total USD denominated7442,246,755 2,325,349 
Gross mortgage notes payable7492,323,621 2,665,383 4.5%
Mortgage discount(90,444)(140,403)—
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization (8)
(11,471)(7,112)—
Mortgage notes payable, net 749$2,221,706 $2,517,868 4.5%
__________
(1)Amounts borrowed in local currency are translated at the spot rate in effect at the applicable reporting date.
(2)The Company determines an anticipated repayment date when the terms of a debt obligation provide for earlier repayment than the legal maturity and when the Company expects to repay such debt obligations earlier due to factors such as elevated interest rates or additional principal payment requirements.
(3)80% fixed as a result of a “pay-fixed” interest rate swap agreement and 20% variable. Variable portion is approximately 1.4% plus 3-month Euribor and reflects the Euribor rate in effect as of December 31, 2024. This loan was extended from its original maturity date of February 2024 to February 2029.
(4)This mortgage was repaid in the quarter ended June 2024 using borrowings under the EUR portion of the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility).
(5)This mortgage was repaid in April 2024 using borrowings under the GBP portion of the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility(as defined in Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility).
(6)The borrower’s (wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company) financial statements are included within the Company’s consolidated financial statements, however, the borrowers’ assets and credit are only available to pay the debts of the borrowers and their liabilities constitute obligations of the borrowers.
(7)Decrease primarily due to the repayment of mortgages for certain encumbered properties that were sold during 2024.
F-30
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
(8)Deferred financing costs consist of commitment fees, legal fees, and other costs associated with obtaining commitments for financing. These costs are amortized over the terms of the respective financing agreements using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or paid down before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financial transactions that do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.

The following table presents future scheduled aggregate principal payments on the mortgage notes payable over the next five calendar years and thereafter as of December 31, 2024:
(In thousands)
Future Principal Payments (1)
2025$464,526 
2026105,925 
2027163,191 
2028529,620 
2029660,102 
Thereafter400,257 
Total$2,323,621 
______
(1)Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP and €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR as of December 31, 2024 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
The total gross carrying value of the Company’s unencumbered assets as of December 31, 2024 was $4.84 billion, and approximately $4.54 billion of this amount was included in the unencumbered asset pool comprising the borrowing base under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility) and therefore is not available to serve as collateral for future borrowings.
CMBS Loan II
On April 5, 2024, the Company entered into a CMBS Loan (“CMBS Loan II”) with (i) Bank of Montreal, (ii) Société Générale Financial Corporation, (iii) Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc. and (iv) KeyBank National Association (each individually, a “Lender,” and collectively, the “Lenders”), in the aggregate amount of $237.0 million. The net proceeds were used to repay draws on the USD portion of the Revolving Credit Facility. The CMBS Loan II is secured by, among other things, first priority mortgages on 20 industrial properties the Company owns across the United States. The CMBS Loan II has a 5-year term, is interest-only (payable monthly) at a fixed rate of 5.74% per year and matures on April 6, 2029. The CMBS Loan II contains certain covenants, including, certain obligations to reserve funds and requires the OP to maintain a net worth of $150.0 million and liquid assets having a market value of at least $10.0 million.
Mortgage Covenants
As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all property-level debt covenants with the exception of four property-level debt instruments. For those four property-level debt instruments, the Company either (a) implemented a cure to the underlying noncompliance trigger by providing a letter of credit, or (b) permitted excess net cash flow after debt service from the impacted properties to become restricted, in each case in accordance with the terms of the applicable debt instrument. Each letter of credit, for so long as it is outstanding, represents a dollar-for-dollar reduction to availability for future borrowings under the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility. While the restricted cash cannot not be used for general corporate purposes, it is available to fund operations of the underlying assets. These matters did not have a material impact on the Company’s liquidity or its ability to operate the impacted assets and do not constitute events of default under the applicable debt instruments.
Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility
The table below details the outstanding balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 under the credit agreement with KeyBank National Association, as agent, and the other lender parties thereto which was originally entered into on July 24, 2017 and has been amended from time to time (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement consists solely of the senior unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). In connection with the Mergers, the Company amended the Credit Agreement on September 12, 2023 in order to, among other things, repay the outstanding indebtedness and obligations under RTL’s credit facility. The Company exercised the existing “accordion feature” on the Revolving Credit Facility and increased the aggregate total commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility by $500.0 million from $1.45 billion to $1.95 billion to repay and terminate RTL’s credit facility and to create additional availability after the
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
closing of the REIT Merger. The sublimits for letters of credit and swing loans were also each increased from $50.0 million to $75.0 million.
The amendment to the Credit Agreement also included modifications to the change of control events to reflect the changes to the board composition and management of the Company following the REIT Merger and other modifications to account for multi-tenant properties for the credit support of additional eligible unencumbered properties that are owned by the subsidiaries of RTL OP that serve as guarantors under the Credit Agreement.
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
TOTAL USD (1)
USD (3)
GBP (4)
EUR (5)
CAD (6)
TOTAL USD (2)
USDGBPEURCAD (6)
Revolving Credit Facility$1,390,292 $494,119 £344,000 €422,145 $38,000 $1,744,182 $1,030,962 £261,000 €319,075 $38,000 
(1)Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP, €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR and $1.00 CAD to $0.70 as of December 31, 2024 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
(2)Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.27 for GBP, €1.00 to $1.10 for EUR and $1.00 CAD to $0.75 as of December 31, 2023 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
(3)The USD portion of the Revolving Credit Facility is 100% fixed via swaps and, as of December 31, 2024, had a weighted-average effective interest rate of 6.0% after giving effect to interest rate swaps in place.
(4) The GBP portion of Revolving Credit Facility is 58.1% fixed via swaps and, as of December 31, 2024, had a weighted-average effective interest rate of 6.4%.
(5) The EUR portion of Revolving Credit Facility is 59.2% fixed via swaps and, as of December 31, 2024, had a weighted-average effective interest rate of 4.6% after giving effect to interest rate swaps in place.
(6) The CAD portion of Revolving Credit Facility is 100% variable and, as of December 31, 2024, had a weighted-average effective interest rate of 6.0%.
In April 2024, the Company completed the CMBS Loan II financing and used the net proceeds to pay down draws on the USD portion of the Revolving Credit Facility. Also in April 2024, the Company repaid its mortgage loan that encumbered its McLaren properties in the United Kingdom using borrowings under the GBP portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, and, in June 2024, the Company repaid its mortgage loan that encumbered its properties in The Netherlands and Luxembourg using borrowings under the EUR portion of the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company recorded losses related to debt extinguishments and debt modifications of $15.9 million, which is recorded in loss on debt extinguishments and modifications in the consolidated statement operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. Of this amount, $13.1 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2024, and was primarily due to cash payments made upon repaying certain mortgage loans, primarily related to the fee required to be paid upon repayment of the mortgage loan that encumbered our McLaren properties in the U.K. This mortgage loan was assumed as part of our acquisition of the McLaren properties in 2021 and included the fee noted above in the terms of the mortgage. The losses related to debt modifications, incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily related to the modification of certain mortgage notes.
Credit Agreement - Terms
The Revolving Credit Facility requires payments of interest only prior to maturity. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate per annum based on an applicable margin that varies based on the ratio of consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated total asset value of the Company and its subsidiaries plus either (i) the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (ii) the applicable Benchmark Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the currency being borrowed. The applicable interest rate margin is based on a range from 0.30% to 0.90% per annum with respect to Base Rate borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and 1.30% to 1.90% per annum with respect to Benchmark Rate borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. For Benchmark Rate Loans denominated in Dollars that bear interest calculated by reference to Term SOFR, there is an additional spread adjustment depending on the length of the interest period. In addition, (i) if the Company achieves an investment grade credit rating from at least two rating agencies, the OP can elect for the spread to be based on the credit rating of the Company, and (ii) the “floor” on the applicable Benchmark is 0%. As of December 31, 2024, the Revolving Credit Facility had a weighted-average effective interest rate of 5.7% after giving effect to interest rate swaps in place.
The Revolving Credit Facility matures on October 8, 2026, subject to the Company’s option, subject to customary conditions, to extend the maturity date by up to two additional six-month terms. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be prepaid at any time, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage costs associated with borrowings for the applicable Benchmark Rate.
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The Revolving Credit Facility requires the Company through the OP to pay an unused fee per annum of 0.25% of the unused balance of the Revolving Credit Facility if the unused balance exceeds or is equal to 50% of the total commitment or a fee per annum of 0.15% of the unused balance of the Revolving Credit Facility if the unused balance is less than 50% of the total commitment. From and after the time the Company obtains an investment grade credit rating, the unused fee will be replaced with a facility fee based on the total commitment under the Revolving Credit Facility multiplied by 0.30%, decreasing as the Company’s credit rating increases.
The Revolving Credit Facility is supported by a pool of eligible unencumbered properties that are owned by the subsidiaries of the OP that serve as guarantors. The availability of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility continues to be based on the value of a pool of eligible unencumbered real estate assets owned by the Company or its subsidiaries and compliance with various ratios related to those assets. As of December 31, 2024, approximately $332.5 million was available for future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. Any future borrowings may, at the option of the Company, be denominated in USD, EUR, CAD, GBP, Norwegian Krone, Swedish Krona and Swiss Francs provided that the total principal amount of non-USD loans cannot exceed the sum of the total revolving commitments minus $100.0 million. Amounts borrowed may not, however, be converted to, or repaid in, another currency once borrowed.
The Credit Agreement contains events of default relating to customary matters, including, among other things, payment defaults, covenant defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, events of default under other material indebtedness, material judgments, bankruptcy events and change of control events, such as certain changes to the composition of the Board and management. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, a majority of the lenders have the right to accelerate the payment on any outstanding borrowings and other obligations.
The Company, through the OP, may reduce the amount committed under the Revolving Credit Facility and repay outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, other than customary “breakage” costs payable on LIBOR borrowings. In the event of a default, lenders have the right to terminate their obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility agreement and to accelerate the payment on any unpaid principal amount of all outstanding loans. The Credit Agreement contains various customary operating covenants, including covenants restricting, among other things, restricted payments (including dividends and share repurchases (see additional information below), the incurrence of liens, the types of investments the Company may make, fundamental changes, agreements with affiliates and changes in nature of business. The Credit Agreement also contains financial maintenance covenants with respect to maximum leverage, minimum fixed charge coverage, maximum secured leverage, maximum secured recourse debt, minimum tangible net worth, maximum unencumbered leverage and unencumbered debt service coverage. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.
Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Company may not pay distributions, including cash dividends payable with respect to Common Stock, the Company’s 7.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”), its 6.875% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock $0.01 par value per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), its Series D Preferred Stock, its Series E Preferred Stock, or any other class or series of stock the Company may issue in the future, or redeem or otherwise repurchase shares of Common Stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, or any other class or series of stock the Company may issue in the future that exceed 100% of the Company’s Adjusted FFO, as defined in the Credit Agreement (which is different from AFFO disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, except in limited circumstances, including that for one fiscal quarter in each calendar year, the Company may pay cash dividends and other distributions, and make redemptions and other repurchases in an aggregate amount equal to no more than 105% of its Adjusted FFO. However, notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Company is permitted to make restricted payments (including the making of distributions and share repurchases) in an amount required to be paid by the Company in order for it to (x) maintain its REIT status for federal and state income tax purposes and (y) avoid the payment of federal and state income or excise tax. During a payment or bankruptcy event of default, restricted payments by the Company will only be permitted up to the minimum amount needed to maintain the Company’s status as a REIT for federal and state income tax purposes. From and after the time the Company obtains and continues to maintain an investment grade rating, the limitation on distributions discussed above will not be applicable. The Company last used the exception to pay dividends that were between 100% of Adjusted FFO to 105% of Adjusted FFO during the quarter ended on June 30, 2020, and may use this exception in the future.
The Company’s ability to comply with the restrictions on the payment of distributions in the Credit Agreement depends on its ability to generate sufficient cash flows that in the applicable periods exceed the level of Adjusted FFO required by these restrictions. If the Company is not able to generate the necessary level of Adjusted FFO, the Company will have to reduce the amount of dividends paid on the common and the preferred stock or consider other actions. Alternatively, the Company could elect to pay a portion of its dividends on the Common Stock in additional shares of Common Stock if approved by the Board.
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The Company and certain subsidiaries of the OP acting as guarantors (the “Guarantors”) have guaranteed, and any wholly owned eligible direct or indirect subsidiary of the OP that directly or indirectly owns or leases a real estate asset added to the pool of eligible unencumbered properties required to be maintained under the Credit Agreement is required to guarantee, the OP’s obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility. The Guarantors guaranteed the OP’s obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility pursuant to one or more guarantees (collectively, the “Guaranty”) and a related contribution agreement which governs contribution rights of the Guarantors in the event any amounts become payable under the Guaranty. For any Guarantor subsidiary of the OP, this guarantee will be released if the Company achieves an investment grade credit rating from at least one rating agency, but will again be required (i) if the Company loses its investment grade credit rating, or (ii) with respect to any Guarantor subsidiary of the Company, for so long as the subsidiary is the primary obligor under or provides a guaranty to any holder of unsecured indebtedness.
Note 7 — Senior Notes, Net
The details of the Company’s senior notes are as follows:
December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
3.75% Senior Notes
Aggregate principal amount $500,000 $500,000 
Less: Deferred financing costs(4,100)(5,491)
     3.75% Senior Notes, net
495,900 494,509 
4.50% Senior Notes
Aggregate principal amount500,000 500,000 
Less: Discount(89,799)(108,464)
     4.50% Senior Notes, net
410,201 391,536 
Senior Notes, Net$906,101 $886,045 
3.75% Senior Notes
On December 16, 2020, the Company and the OP (together the “Issuers”) issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “3.75% Senior Notes”). In connection with the closing of the offering of the Senior Notes, the Company, the OP and their subsidiaries that guarantee the 3.75% Senior Notes (the “3.75% Senior Note Guarantors”) entered into an indenture with U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as successor to U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “3.75% Senior Notes Indenture”). The 3.75% Senior Notes, which were issued at par, will mature on December 15, 2027 and accrue interest at a rate of 3.75% per year. Interest on the 3.75% Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year and they do not require any principal payments prior to maturity.
The 3.75% Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the subsidiaries of each Issuer that are guarantors under the Revolving Credit Facility (the “3.75% Senior Note Guarantees”). Subject to certain exceptions, each future subsidiary of each Issuer that subsequently guarantees indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility, any other syndicated loan facility or any capital markets indebtedness, in each case, is required to execute a 3.75% Senior Note Guarantee. Under certain circumstances, the 3.75% Senior Note Guarantors may be automatically released from their 3.75% Senior Note Guarantees without the consent of the holders of the 3.75% Senior Notes.
The 3.75% Senior Notes are redeemable at the option of the Issuers, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, in each case prior to September 15, 2027, for cash, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 101% of the principal amount of the 3.75% Senior Notes to be redeemed or (ii) an amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the 3.75% Senior Notes to be redeemed that would be due if the 3.75% Senior Notes matured on September 15, 2027 (exclusive of unpaid interest accrued to, but not including, the date of redemption) discounted to the date of redemption on a semi-annual basis at the treasury rate plus 50 basis points, plus, in each case, unpaid interest, if any, accrued to, but not including, the date of redemption. In addition, at any time on or after September 15, 2027, the 3.75% Senior Notes will be redeemable, at the option of the Issuers, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, for cash, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 3.75% Senior Notes to be redeemed plus unpaid interest, if any, accrued to, but not including, the date of redemption.
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
If a Change of Control Triggering Event (as defined in the 3.75% Senior Notes Indenture) occurs, the Issuers will be required to make an offer to purchase the 3.75% Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the purchase date.
If the Issuers or any of their restricted subsidiaries sell assets, under certain circumstances the Issuers will be required to make an offer to purchase the 3.75% Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the purchase date.
The 3.75% Senior Notes Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Issuers and their restricted subsidiaries to (1) incur additional indebtedness, (2) pay dividends and make distributions on the capital stock of the Company and each Issuer’s restricted subsidiaries, (3) make investments or other restricted payments, (4) create liens on their assets, (5) enter into transactions with affiliates, (6) merge or consolidate or sell all or substantially all of their assets, (7) sell assets and (8) create restrictions on the ability of their restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or other amounts to them. These covenants are subject to important exceptions and qualifications. In addition, if the 3.75% Senior Notes are rated investment grade by any two of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Fitch Ratings Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, and at such time no default or event of default under the 3.75% Senior Notes Indenture has occurred and is continuing, many of the covenants in the 3.75% Senior Notes Indenture will be suspended or become more lenient and may not go back into effect.
The 3.75% Senior Notes Indenture contains customary events of default which could, subject to certain conditions, cause the 3.75% Senior Notes to become immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the 3.75% Senior Notes Indenture governing the 3.75% Senior Notes.
4.50% Senior Notes
In connection with the REIT Merger, the Company and the OP assumed and became a guarantor of the 4.50% Senior Notes (the “4.50% Senior Notes” and the indenture governing such notes, as supplemented from time to time, the “4.50% Senior Notes Indenture”) issued by RTL and the RTL OP (the “4.50% Senior Note Issuers”). The assumption and guarantees made by the Company, the OP and certain of their subsidiaries (such entities, together with the existing subsidiary guarantors of RTL and the RTL OP, the “4.50% Senior Note Guarantors”) were made pursuant to a supplemental indenture governing the 4.50% Senior Notes. The 4.50% Senior Notes were recorded at their estimated fair value on the Acquisition Date of the Mergers, resulting in the recording of a discount. This discount is being amortized as an increase to interest expense over the remaining term of the 4.50% Senior Notes. The 4.50% Senior Notes, which RTL issued on October 7, 2021, were issued at par, will mature on September 30, 2028 and accrue interest at a rate of 4.50% per year. Interest on the 4.50% Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 30 and September 30 of each year and they do not require any principal payments prior to maturity.
The 4.50% Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the 4.50% Senior Note Guarantors (the “4.50% Senior Note Guarantees”). Subject to certain exceptions, each future subsidiary of each of the 4.50% Senior Note Issuers that subsequently guarantees indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility, any other syndicated loan facility or any capital markets indebtedness, in each case, of the 4.50% Senior Note Issuers or a 4.50% Senior Note Guarantor will be required to execute a 4.50% Senior Note Guarantee. Under certain circumstances, the 4.50% Senior Note Guarantors may be automatically released from their 4.50% Senior Note Guarantees without the consent of the holders of the 4.50% Senior Notes.
The 4.50% Senior Notes and the 4.50% Senior Note Guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers and each 4.50% Senior Note Guarantor and are equal in right of payment with all of the other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness of the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers and each 4.50% Senior Note Guarantor, including their obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, senior in right of payment to any indebtedness that by its terms is expressly subordinated to the 4.50% Senior Notes and the 4.50% Senior Note Guarantees, effectively subordinated to all of the existing and future secured indebtedness of the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers and each Guarantor to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such debt and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, of any subsidiary of the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers that do not guarantee the 4.50% Senior Notes.
The 4.50% Senior Notes are redeemable at the option of the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, in each case prior to June 30, 2028, for cash, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 101% of the principal amount of the 4.50% Senior Notes to be redeemed or (ii) an amount equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the Senior Notes to be redeemed that would be due if the Senior Notes matured on June 30, 2028 (exclusive of unpaid interest accrued to, but not including, the date of redemption) discounted to the date of redemption on a semi-annual basis at the treasury rate plus 50 basis points, plus, in each case, unpaid interest, if any, accrued to, but not including, the date of redemption. In addition, at any time on or after June 30, 2028, the 4.50% Senior Notes will be redeemable, at the option of the Issuers, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, for cash, at a
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 4.50% Senior Notes to be redeemed plus unpaid interest, if any, accrued to, but not including, the date of redemption.
If a Change of Control Triggering Event (as defined in the 4.50% Senior Notes Indenture) occurs, the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers will be required to make an offer to purchase the 4.50% Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the purchase date.
If the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers or any of their restricted subsidiaries sell assets, under certain circumstances the Senior Notes Issuers will be required to make an offer to purchase the 4.50% Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the purchase date.
The 4.50% Senior Notes Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the 4.50% Senior Notes Issuers and their restricted subsidiaries to (1) incur additional indebtedness, (2) pay dividends and make distributions on the capital stock of the Company and each Senior Notes Issuer’s restricted subsidiaries, (3) make investments or other restricted payments, (4) create liens on their assets, (5) enter into transactions with affiliates, (6) merge or consolidate or sell all or substantially all of their assets, (7) sell assets and (8) create restrictions on the ability of their restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or other amounts to them. These covenants are subject to important exceptions and qualifications. In addition, if the 4.50% Senior Notes are rated investment grade by any two of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Fitch Ratings Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, and at such time no default or event of default under the 4.50% Senior Notes Indenture has occurred and is continuing, many of the covenants in the 4.50% Senior Notes Indenture will be suspended or become more lenient and may not go back into effect.
The 4.50% Senior Notes Indenture contains customary events of default which could, subject to certain conditions, cause the 4.50% Senior Notes to become immediately due and payable.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company and the issuers under the 4.50% Senior Notes Indenture were in compliance with the covenants under the Indenture governing the 4.50% Senior Notes Indenture.
Note 8 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company determines fair value based on quoted prices when available or through the use of alternative approaches, such as discounting the expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and duration of the investment. This alternative approach also reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The guidance defines three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset and liability or can be corroborated with observable market data for substantially the entire contractual term of the asset or liability and those inputs are significant.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that reflect the entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in the pricing of the asset or liability and are consequently not based on market activity, but rather through particular valuation techniques.
The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter and depending on various factors, it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from quarter to quarter. However, the Company expects that changes in classifications between levels will be rare.
Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with those derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of the Company’s derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The valuation of derivative instruments is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, as well as observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. In addition, credit valuation adjustments are incorporated into the fair values to account for the Company’s potential nonperformance risk and the performance risk of the counterparties.
The consideration transferred by the Company in the Mergers established a new accounting basis for the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interests, measured at their respective fair value as of the Acquisition Date. This measurement is non-recurring and is only done as of the Acquisition Date. For more information on the allocation of the consideration paid in the Mergers to the fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, see Note 3 — The Mergers.
Real Estate Investments Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The Company records impairments for real estate investments whenever the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value (see Note 4 — Real Estate Investments, Net for additional information on impairment charges recorded by the Company). The carrying value of these impaired real estate investments on the consolidated balance sheet represents their estimated fair value at the time of impairment.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the fair values of impaired properties were either based on the estimated selling price of such properties, or market comparable transactions. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the fair values were based on a calculation of the estimated fair value, which was driven by an assumed land value of £1.5 million per acre, for one property, and the others were based on the estimated selling prices of the assets. The impairments recorded in the year ended December 31, 2022 were based on the estimated selling prices of the assets.
Impaired real estate investments which are held for use are generally classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities (including derivatives that are presented net) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those instruments fall.
(In thousands)Quoted Prices in Active Markets
Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs
Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs
Level 3		Total
December 31, 2024
Foreign currency forwards, net (GBP & EUR)$— $1,583 $— $1,583 
Interest rate swaps, net (USD, GBP & EUR)$— $(2,831)$— $(2,831)
December 31, 2023
Foreign currency forwards, net (GBP & EUR)$— $(1,569)$— $(1,569)
Interest rate swaps, net (USD, GBP & EUR)$— $7,039 $— $7,039 
A review of the fair value hierarchy classification is conducted on a quarterly basis. Changes in the type of inputs may result in a reclassification for certain assets. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2024.
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Financial Instruments not Measured at Fair Value
The carrying value of short-term financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, due to/from related parties, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and dividends payable approximates their fair value due to their short-term nature. The fair value approaches used rely on unobservable inputs and therefore are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
•The gross carrying value of the Company’s mortgage notes payable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $2.3 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively. The fair value of gross mortgage notes payable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.2 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, and is based on estimates of market interest rates.
•As of December 31, 2024 the advances to the Company under the Revolving Credit Facility had a carrying value of $1.4 billion and a fair value of $1.4 billion. As of December 31, 2023 the advances to the Company under the Revolving Credit Facility had a carrying value of $1.7 billion and a fair value of $1.7 billion.
•As of December 31, 2024, the 3.75% Senior Notes had a gross carrying value of $500.0 million and a fair value of $458.1 million. As of December 31, 2023, the 3.75% Senior Notes had a gross carrying value of $500.0 million and a fair value of $416.3 million.
•As of December 31, 2024, the 4.50% Senior Notes had a gross carrying value of $500.0 million and a fair value of $458.8 million.
Note 9 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company may use derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings. Certain of the Company’s foreign operations expose the Company to fluctuations of foreign interest rates and exchange rates. These fluctuations may impact the value of the Company’s cash receipts and payments in terms of the Company’s functional currency. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to protect the value or fix the amount of certain obligations in terms of its functional currency, the USD.
The principal objective of such arrangements is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with the Company’s operating and financial structure as well as to hedge specific anticipated transactions. The Company does not intend to utilize derivatives for speculative or other purposes other than interest rate and currency risk management. The use of derivative financial instruments carries certain risks, including the risk that any counterparty to a contractual arrangement may not be able to perform under the agreement. To mitigate this risk, the Company only enters into a derivative financial instrument with a counterparty with a high credit rating with a major financial institution, with which the Company and its affiliates may also have other financial relationships. The Company does not anticipate that any such counterparty will fail to meet its obligations, but there is no assurance that any counterparty will meet these obligations.
F-38
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31,
(In thousands)Balance Sheet Location20242023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate “pay-fixed” swaps (USD)Derivative liabilities, at fair value$(1,179)$(2,110)
Interest rate “pay-fixed” swaps (GBP)Derivative liabilities, at fair value(602)— 
Interest rate “pay-fixed” swaps (EUR)Derivative assets, at fair value260 5,987 
Interest rate “pay-fixed” swaps (EUR)Derivative liabilities, at fair value(1,310)— 
Total $(2,831)$3,877 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency forwards (GBP-USD)Derivative assets, at fair value$1,156 $878 
Foreign currency forwards (GBP-USD)Derivative liabilities, at fair value(628)(1,906)
Foreign currency forwards (EUR-USD)Derivative assets, at fair value1,055 588 
Foreign currency forwards (EUR-USD)Derivative liabilities, at fair value— (1,129)
Interest rate swaps (EUR)Derivative assets, at fair value— 3,162 
Total $1,583 $1,593 
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
All of the changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction impacts earnings. For the year ended December 31, 2024, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate debt.
Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives are reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. In the second quarter of 2022 the Company accelerated the reclassification of amounts in other comprehensive income to earnings as a result of certain hedged forecasted transactions becoming probable not to occur. The accelerated amount was a gain of $2.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022 and is recorded in unrealized gain on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness in the Company’s consolidated income statement for the year ended December 31, 2022. During the next 12 months ending December 31, 2025, the Company estimates that an additional $0.3 million will be reclassified from other comprehensive income as a decrease to interest expense.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk:
December 31,
20242023
DerivativesNumber of
Instruments		Notional AmountNumber of
Instruments		Notional Amount
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Interest rate “pay-fixed” swaps (GBP)3$250,718 —$— 
Interest rate “pay-fixed” swaps (EUR) 9321,178 11308,233 
Interest rate “pay-fixed” swaps (USD)9600,000 5300,000 
Total21$1,171,896 16$608,233 

F-39
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The table below details the location in the consolidated financial statements of the gain or loss recognized on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in AOCI from derivatives $7,928 $(5,100)$27,896 
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income as interest expense $14,583 $15,744 $(5)
Total interest expense recorded in the consolidated statements of operations
$326,932 $179,411 $97,510 
Net Investment Hedges
The Company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on property investments in foreign countries which pay rental income, incur property related expenses and borrow in currencies other than its functional currency, the USD. For derivatives designated as net investment hedges, all of the changes in the fair value of the derivatives, including the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives, if any, are reported in AOCI (outside of earnings) as part of the cumulative translation adjustment. Amounts are reclassified out of AOCI into earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 the Company did not have foreign currency derivatives that were designated as net investment hedges used to hedge its net investments in foreign operations and during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not use foreign currency derivatives that were designated as net investment hedges.
Foreign Denominated Debt Designated as Net Investment Hedges
All foreign currency denominated borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are designated as net investment hedges. As such, the designated portion of changes in value due to currency fluctuations are reported in AOCI (outside of earnings) as part of the cumulative translation adjustment. The remeasurement gains and losses attributable to the undesignated portion of the foreign-currency denominated debt are recognized directly in earnings. Amounts are reclassified out of AOCI into earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated, or if the Company should no longer possess a controlling interest. The Company records adjustments to earnings for currency impacts related to undesignated excess positions, if any. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded gains of $3.2 million due to currency changes on the undesignated excess foreign currency advances over the related net investments. There were no undesignated excess positions at any time during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Non-Designated Derivatives
The Company is exposed to fluctuations in the exchange rates of its functional currency, the USD, against the GBP and the EUR. The Company has used and may continue to use foreign currency derivatives, including options, currency forward and cross currency swap agreements, to manage its exposure to fluctuations in GBP-USD and EUR-USD exchange rates. While these derivatives are economically hedging the fluctuations in foreign currencies, they do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements to be classified as hedging instruments. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges under qualifying hedging relationships are recorded directly in net income (loss). The Company recorded gains of $4.2 million, losses of $3.7 million and gains of $18.6 million on the non-designated hedges for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were not designated as hedges under qualifying hedging relationships:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
DerivativesNumber of
Instruments		Notional AmountNumber of
Instruments		Notional Amount
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Foreign currency forwards (GBP - USD)30$69,574 29$54,745 
Foreign currency forwards (EUR - USD)1929,085 2841,952 
Interest rate swaps (EUR)—— 3154,062 
Total 49$98,659 60$250,759 
F-40
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Offsetting Derivatives
The table below presents a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s derivatives as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Balance Sheet
(In thousands)Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsGross Amounts of Recognized (Liabilities)Gross Amounts Offset on the Balance SheetNet Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) presented on the Balance SheetFinancial InstrumentsCash Collateral Received (Posted)Net Amount
December 31, 2024$2,471 $(3,719)$— $(1,248)$— $— $(1,248)
December 31, 2023$10,615 $(5,145)$— $5,470 $— $— $5,470 
In addition to the above derivative arrangements, the Company also uses non-derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations as part of its risk management program, including foreign denominated debt issued and outstanding with third parties to protect the value of its net investments in foreign subsidiaries against exchange rate fluctuations. The Company has drawn, and expects to continue to draw, foreign currency advances under the Revolving Credit Facility to fund certain investments in the respective local currency which creates a natural hedge against the original equity invested in the real estate investments, removing the need for the final cross currency swaps.
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features
The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company either defaults or is capable of being declared in default on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any counterparties where the net derivative fair value held by that counterparty was in a net liability position including accrued interest but excluding any adjustment for nonperformance. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had not posted any collateral related to these agreements and was not in breach of any agreement provisions. If the Company had breached any of these provisions, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their aggregate termination value.
Note 10 — Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had 231,051,139 and 230,885,197, respectively, shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, including Restricted Shares and excluding RSUs and PSUs. Unvested RSUs and PSUs may be settled in shares of Common Stock in the future.
ATM Program — Common Stock
The Company has an “at the market” equity offering program (the “Common Stock ATM Program”) pursuant to which the Company may sell shares of Common Stock, from time to time, through its sales agents. In November 2022, the Company filed a new shelf registration statement and prospectus supplement covering the Common stock ATM Program having an aggregate offering price of up to $285.0 million, prior to the expiration of its previous registration statement, which had an aggregate offering price up to $500.0 million ($285.0 million was sold under the previous registration statement).
•The Company did not sell any shares of Common Stock through the Common Stock ATM Program during the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.
•During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold 70,218 shares of Common Stock through the Common Stock ATM Program for gross proceeds of $1.1 million, before nominal commissions and issuance costs were paid.
Equity Consideration Issued in Connection with the Mergers
As previously disclosed in Note 3 — The Mergers, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued:
•123,257,677 shares of Common Stock,
•7,933,711 shares of newly created Series D Preferred Stock (see “Preferred Stock” section below) and
•4,595,175 shares of newly created Series E Preferred Stock (see “Preferred Stock” section below).
In addition, the OP issued 115,857 Class A Units to the previous owner of RTL Class A Units. Subsequently, in December 2024, the holder exchanged all of these Class A Units for an equal amount of shares of Common Stock.
Additional Paid-In Capital - Common Stock Related to Cooperation Agreement and Other Arrangements
On June 4, 2023, the Company entered into a Cooperation Agreement and Release (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with Blackwells Capital LLC, an affiliate of Blackwells Onshore I LLC, and certain others involved with the 2023 proxy solicitation (collectively “Blackwells/Related Parties”) and related litigation which began in December 2022. Under the Cooperation Agreement, all parties agreed to dismiss, with prejudice, any ongoing litigation.
As part of the Cooperation Agreement, the Company issued Common Stock to the Blackwells/Related Parties as a settlement fee and for consulting and advisory services and reimbursed expenses to the Blackwells/Related Parties. Under the Cooperation Agreement:
•The Company issued 495,000 shares of Common Stock to the Blackwells/Related Parties on July 11, 2023 as a settlement fee. As a result of these shares being issuable as of June 30, 2023, the Company recorded expense and an increase to additional paid-in capital of $4.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023, and the expense is presented in the settlement costs line item of the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.
•The Company issued 1,600,000 shares of Common Stock to the Blackwells/Related Parties on September 12, 2023 as consideration for consulting and advisory services performed pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, including corporate governance, stockholder engagement and outreach, investor relations and proxy advisory firm engagement, and analysis prior to the Acquisition Date. As a result, the Company recorded expense and an increase to additional paid-in capital of $15.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, and the expense is presented in the settlement costs line item of the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.
•The Company reimbursed Blackwells $8.8 million of expenses in June 2023, which is presented in the settlement costs line item of the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Also, on June 30, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated third party to provide certain advisory services to the Company related to the Mergers. In exchange for these services, the Company issued 45,579 shares of Common Stock to the third party on July 13, 2023 as a non-refundable retainer and recorded expense and an increase to additional paid-in-capital of $0.5 million, which is recorded in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Also, in October, 2023 the Company issued an additional 59,253 shares of Common Stock to the same third party, upon completion of the third party’s services, and recorded expense and an increase to additional paid-in-capital of $0.6 million, which is recorded in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.
As more fully discussed in Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation, as of September 11, 2023, the end of the performance period applicable to the 2,500,000 GNL LTIP Units granted to the former Advisor pursuant to the 2021 OPP, a total of 883,750 of the GNL LTIP Units were earned and became vested and the remainder were forfeited. The earned GNL LTIP Units were subsequently converted into an equal number of shares of Common Stock on the Acquisition Date. As a result, the Company recorded a reclassification of $27.7 million from non-controlling interests to additional paid-in-capital, which is recorded in the consolidated statement of equity the year ended December 31, 2023.
Preferred Stock
As discussed in Note 3 — The Mergers, in connection with the REIT Merger, each issued and outstanding share of (i) RTL Series A Preferred Stock was automatically converted into one share of newly created Series D Preferred Stock, and (ii) RTL Series C Preferred Stock was automatically converted into one share of newly created Series E Preferred Stock. The Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock have substantially identical powers, preferences, privileges, and rights as the RTL Series A Preferred Stock and RTL Series C Preferred Stock, respectively.
The Company is authorized to issue up to 40,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock.
•The Company has classified and designated 9,959,650 shares of its authorized Preferred Stock as authorized shares of its Series Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company had 6,799,467 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
•The Company has classified and designated 11,450,000 shares of its authorized Preferred Stock as authorized shares of its Series B Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company had 4,695,887 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
•As of December 31, 2023 and through February 26, 2024, the Company had classified and designated 100,000 shares of its authorized Preferred Stock as authorized shares of its Series C preferred stock, $0.01 par value (“Series C Preferred Stock”). On February 26, 2024, the Company reclassified and redesignated each of the 100,000 shares of
Series C Preferred Stock into 100,000 shares of unclassified and undesignated Preferred Stock. The Company has never issued any shares of Series C Preferred Stock.
•The Company has classified and designated 7,933,711 shares of its authorized Preferred Stock as authorized shares of Series D Preferred Stock, as of December 31, 2024. The Company had 7,933,711 shares of Series D Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
•The Company has classified and designated 4,595,175 shares of its authorized Preferred Stock as authorized shares of Series E Preferred Stock, as of December 31, 2024. The Company had 4,595,175 shares of Series E Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
ATM Program — Series B Preferred Stock
In December 2019, the Company established an “at the market” equity offering program for its Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock ATM Program”) pursuant to which the Company may sell shares of Series B Preferred Stock, from time to time through its sales agents. In November 2022, the Company filed a new shelf registration statement and prospectus supplement covering the Series B Preferred stock ATM Program having an aggregate offering price of up to $170.0 million, prior to the expiration of its previous registration statement, which had an aggregate offering price up to $200.0 million.
•During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not sell any shares of its Series B Preferred Stock through the Series B Preferred Stock ATM Program.
•During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold 191,994 shares of its Series B Preferred Stock through the Series B Preferred Stock ATM Program for gross proceeds of $4.8 million before nominal commissions paid and issuance costs.
Series A Preferred Stock - Terms
Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends in an amount equal to $1.8125 per share each year, which is equivalent to the rate of 7.25% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or otherwise repurchased. The Series A Preferred Stock is redeemable in whole or in part, at the Company’s option, at a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control (each as defined in the articles supplementary governing the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock (the “Articles Supplementary”), the Company may, subject to certain conditions, at its option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole but not in part, within 90 days after the first date on which the Delisting Event occurred or within 120 days after the first date on which the Change of Control occurred, as applicable, by paying the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. If the Company does not exercise these redemption rights upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will have certain rights to convert Series A Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock based on a defined formula subject to a cap whereby the holders of Series A Preferred Stock may receive a maximum of 2.301 shares of Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits) per share of Series A Preferred Stock. The necessary conditions to convert the Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock have not been met as of December 31, 2024. Therefore, Series A Preferred Stock did not impact Company’s earnings per share calculations.
The Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to Common Stock, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock.
If dividends on any outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock have not been paid for six or more quarterly periods, holders of Series A Preferred Stock and holders of any other class or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, including the Series B Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, will have the exclusive power, voting together as a single class, to elect two additional directors until all accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock have been fully paid. In addition, the Company may not authorize or issue any class or series of equity securities ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up or amend the Company’s charter to materially and adversely change the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock without the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by holders of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock and holders of any other similarly-affected classes and series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, including the Series B Preferred Stock, Series D
Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock. Other than the limited circumstances described above and in the Articles Supplementary, holders of Series A Preferred Stock do not have any voting rights.
Series B Preferred Stock - Terms
Holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends in an amount equal to $1.71875 per share each year, which is equivalent to the rate of 6.875% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. The Series B Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or otherwise repurchased. On and after November 26, 2024, at any time and from time to time, the Series B Preferred Stock will be redeemable in whole or in part, at the Company’s option, at a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control (each as defined in the articles supplementary governing the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Articles Supplementary”), the Company may, subject to certain conditions, at its option, redeem the Series B Preferred Stock, in whole but not in part, within 90 days after the first date on which the Delisting Event occurred or within 120 days after the first date on which the Change of Control occurred, as applicable, by paying the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. If the Company does not exercise these redemption rights upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock will have certain rights to convert Series B Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock based on a defined formula subject to a cap whereby the holders of Series B Preferred Stock may receive a maximum of 2.5126 shares of Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits) per share of Series B Preferred Stock. The necessary conditions to convert the Series B Preferred Stock into Common Stock have not been met as of December 31, 2024. Therefore, Series B Preferred Stock did not impact Company’s earnings per share calculations.
The Series B Preferred Stock ranks senior to Common Stock, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock.
If dividends on any outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock have not been paid for six or more quarterly periods, holders of Series B Preferred Stock and holders of any other class or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, including the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, will be entitled to vote together as a single class, will have the exclusive power, voting together as a single class, to elect two additional directors until all accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock have been fully paid. In addition, the Company may not authorize or issue any class or series of equity securities ranking senior to the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up or amend our charter to materially and adversely change the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock without the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by holders of outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock and holders of any other similarly-affected classes and series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, including the Series A Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock. Other than the limited circumstances described above and in the Series B Articles Supplementary, holders of Series B Preferred Stock do not have any voting rights.
Series D Preferred Stock - Terms
Holders of Series D Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends at a rate of 7.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. The Series D Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or otherwise repurchased. On and after March 26, 2024, at any time and from time to time, the Series D Preferred Stock is redeemable in whole, or in part, at the Company’s option, at a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control, (each as defined in the articles supplementary governing the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock (the “Series D Articles Supplementary”), the Company may, subject to certain conditions, at its option, redeem the Series D Preferred Stock, in whole but not in part, within 90 days after the first date on which the Delisting Event occurred or within 120 days after the first date on which the Change of Control occurred, as applicable, by paying the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. If the Company does not exercise these redemption rights upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control, the holders of Series D Preferred Stock will have certain rights to convert Series D Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock.
The Series D Preferred Stock ranks senior to Common Stock, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock.
If dividends on any outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock have not been paid for six or more quarterly periods, holders of Series D Preferred Stock and holders of any other class or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series
D Preferred Stock, including the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, will have the exclusive power, voting together in a single class, to elect two additional directors until all accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock have been fully paid. In addition, the Company may not authorize or issue any class or series of equity securities ranking senior to the Series D Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up or amend the Company’s charter to materially and adversely change the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock without the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by holders of outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock and holders of any other similarly-affected classes and series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series D Preferred Stock, including the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock. Other than the limited circumstances described above and in the Series D Articles Supplementary, holders of Series D Preferred Stock do not have any voting rights.
Series E Preferred Stock - Terms
Holders of Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends in the amount of 7.375% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. The Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or otherwise repurchased. On and after December 18, 2025, at any time and from time to time, the Series E Preferred Stock will be redeemable in whole, or in part, at the Company’s option, at a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control (each as defined in the articles supplementary governing the terms of the Series E Preferred Stock (the “Series E Articles Supplementary”), the Company may, subject to certain conditions, at its option, redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole but not in part, within 90 days after the first date on which the Delisting Event occurred or within 120 days after the first date on which the Change of Control occurred, as applicable, by paying the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. If the Company does not exercise these redemption rights upon the occurrence of a Delisting Event or a Change of Control, the holders of Series E Preferred Stock will have certain rights to convert Series E Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock.
The Series E Preferred Stock ranks senior to Common Stock, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock.
If dividends on any outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock have not been paid for six or more quarterly periods, holders of Series E Preferred Stock and holders of any other class or series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series E Preferred Stock, including the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, will have the exclusive power, voting together in a single class, to elect two additional directors until all accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock have been fully paid. In addition, the Company may not authorize or issue any class or series of equity securities ranking senior to the Series E Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up or amend the Company’s charter to materially and adversely change the terms of the Series E Preferred Stock without the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by holders of outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock and holders of any other similarly-affected classes and series of preferred stock ranking on parity with the Series E Preferred Stock, including the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock. Other than the limited circumstances described above and in the Series E Articles Supplementary, holders of Series E Preferred Stock do not have any voting rights.
Dividends
Common Stock Dividends
On February 26, 2024, the Board approved a dividend policy that reduced the Company’s Common Stock dividend rate to an annual rate of $1.10 per share, or $0.275 per share on a quarterly basis. This Common Stock dividend rate became effective with the Common Stock dividend declared and paid in April 2024 and was still effective through January 2025.
On February 27, 2025, the Company announced that the Board plans to reduce the quarterly dividend per share of Common Stock from $0.275 to $0.190 per share, representing an annual dividend rate of $0.76 per share, beginning with the dividend expected to be declared in April 2025. The reduction of the dividend rate is expected to yield benefits to the Company, including increasing the amount of cash that may be used to lower leverage.
In connection with the Mergers, in October 2023, the Board approved an annual dividend rate of $1.42 per share, or $0.354 per share on a quarterly basis. The first dividend paid at this rate occurred on October 16, 2023 and, accordingly, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company paid dividends at this rate as well. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid dividends at an annual rate of $1.60 per share or $0.40 per share on a quarterly basis.
Dividends authorized by the Board and declared by the Company are paid on a quarterly basis in arrears during the first
month following the end of each fiscal quarter (unless otherwise specified) to common stockholders of record on the record date for such payment. The Board may alter the amounts of dividends paid or suspend dividend payments at any time prior to declaration and therefore dividend payments are not assured. For purposes of the presentation of information herein, the Company may refer to distributions by the OP on Class A Units and GNL LTIP Units as dividends. In addition, see Note 6 — Revolving Credit Facility for additional information on the restrictions on the payment of dividends and other distributions imposed by the Revolving Credit Facility.
The following table details from a tax perspective, the portion of cash paid for Common Stock dividends, during the years presented, classified as return of capital and ordinary dividend income, per share per annum:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Return of capital$1.18 100.0 %$1.55 100.0 %$1.60 100.0 %
Ordinary dividend income— — %— — %— — %
Total$1.18 100.0 %$1.55 100.0 %$1.60 100.0 %
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends
Dividends on Series A Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.453125 per share per quarter to holders of Series A Preferred Stock, which is equivalent to 7.25% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock per annum. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not on a business day, on the next succeeding business day) to holders of record at the close of business on the record date set by the Board. Dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series A Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100.0% return of capital, respectively, and dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 2022 on the Series A Preferred Stock were considered 69.9% ordinary dividend income.
Series B Preferred Stock Dividends
Dividends on Series B Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.4296875 per share per quarter to holders of Series B Preferred Stock, which is equivalent to 6.875% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series B Preferred Stock per annum. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not on a business day, on the next succeeding business day) to holders of record at the close of business on the record date set by the Board. Dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series B Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100% return of capital, respectively, and dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 2022 on the Series B Preferred Stock were considered 69.9% ordinary dividend income.
Series D Preferred Stockholders
Dividends on the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.46875 per share per quarter to Series D Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to the rate of 7.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of each of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not a business day, the next succeeding business day) to holders of record on the applicable record date. Dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series D Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100% return of capital, respectively.
Series E Preferred Stockholders
Dividends on the Company’s Series E Preferred Stock accrue in an amount equal to $0.4609375 per share per quarter to Series E Preferred Stockholders, which is equivalent to the rate of 7.375% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share per annum. Dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of each of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not a business day, the next succeeding business day) to holders of record on the applicable record date. Dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 on the Series E Preferred Stock were considered 89.3% and 100% return of capital, respectively.
Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies
Lessee Arrangements
As of December 31, 2024, the Company leases land under 17 ground leases associated with certain properties and also has two operating leases for office space. The aggregate durations for the ground leases and operating leases range from 5.5 to 119
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GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
years as of December 31, 2024. The Company did not enter into any new ground or operating leases during the twelve months of 2024.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s balance sheet includes ROU assets of $74.3 million and $77.0 million, respectively, and operating lease liabilities of $48.3 million and $48.4 million, respectively. In determining the operating ROU assets and lease liabilities for the Company’s existing operating leases in accordance with lease accounting rules, the Company was required to estimate an appropriate incremental borrowing rate on a fully-collateralized basis for the terms of the leases. Since the terms of the Company’s ground leases are significantly longer than the terms of borrowings available to the Company on a fully-collateralized basis, the Company’s estimate of this rate required significant judgment.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s ground leases and operating leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of approximately 25.1 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 5.81% . For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid cash of approximately $4.0 million, $2.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded expense of $1.5 million, $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, on a straight-line basis in accordance with the standard. The lease expense is recorded in property operating expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

F-42
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The following table reflects the base cash rental payments due from the Company as of December 31, 2024:
(In thousands)
Future Base Rent Payments (1)
2025$3,751 
20263,895 
20273,976 
20284,002 
20294,023 
Thereafter73,990 
Total minimum lease payments (2)
93,637 
Less: Effects of discounting(45,304)
Total present value of lease payments$48,333 
(1) Assumes exchange rates of £1.00 to $1.25 for GBP and €1.00 to $1.04 for EUR as of December 31, 2024 for illustrative purposes, as applicable.
(2) Ground lease rental payments due for the Company’s ING Amsterdam lease are not included in the table above as the Company’s ground rent for this property is prepaid through 2050.
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Company may become subject to litigation, claims and regulatory matters. There are no material legal or regulatory proceedings pending or known to be contemplated against the Company.
Environmental Matters
In connection with the ownership and operation of real estate, the Company may potentially be liable for costs and damages related to environmental matters. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had not been notified by any governmental authority of any non-compliance, liability or other claim, and is not aware of any other environmental condition that it believes will have a material adverse effect on the results of operations.
Note 12 — Related Party Transactions
Prior to the consummation of the Internalization Merger on September 12, 2023, the Company had retained the former Advisor to manage the Company’s affairs on a day-to-day basis and the Company’s properties were managed and leased to third parties by the Property Manager. Prior to the Internalization Merger on September 12, 2023, the former Advisor and the Property Manager were under common control with AR Global, and these related parties had historically received compensation and fees for various services provided to the Company.
The consummation of the Internalization Merger on September 12, 2023 resulted in the internalization of the management of the Company with its own dedicated workforce, including by terminating (i) the Company’s existing arrangement for advisory management services provided by the former Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and (ii) RTL’s existing arrangement for advisory management services provided by the RTL Advisor and assuming (i) the Company’s existing arrangement for property management services provided by the Property Manager and (ii) RTL’s existing arrangement for property management services provided by the RTL Property Manager. All assets and contracts (including leases) necessary or desirable in the judgment of the Company and to conduct the business of the Company following the Mergers and all desired employees were placed into subsidiaries of AR Global that were merged with subsidiaries of the Company upon the completion of the Internalization Merger. As a result of the completion of the Internalization Merger, and termination of the contracts noted above, beginning as of the Acquisition Date, the Company longer incurs fees from these contracts. However, the Company incurred and will continue to incur costs for employee compensation, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company engaged a third party service provider to assist with this process.
For additional information on the Internalization Merger, including the consideration paid to AR Global, see Note 3 — The Mergers.
Upon consummation of the Internalization Merger, the Company began renting office space for its own dedicated workforce at a property owned by affiliates of AR Global, the former Advisor.

F-43
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Terminated Advisory Agreement and Assumed Property Management Agreements
The discussion below summarizes various related party agreements and transactions that ceased as of the Acquisition Date of the Mergers.
Fees Paid in Connection with the Operations of the Company
Prior to the Internalization Merger, when it was owned by AR Global, the former Advisor provided day-to-day asset management services for the Company pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. Prior to the Internalization Merger, under the Advisory Agreement, by and among the Company, the OP and the former Advisor, the Company historically paid the former Advisor the following fees in cash:
(a)    a minimum base fee of $18.0 million per annum payable in cash monthly in advance (“Minimum Base Management Fee”); and
(b)    a variable fee amount equal to 1.25% per annum of the sum, since the effective date of the Advisory Agreement in June 2015, of: (i) the cumulative net proceeds of all common equity issued by the Company (ii) any equity of the Company issued in exchange for or conversion of preferred stock or exchangeable notes, based on the stock price at the date of issuance; and (iii) any other issuances of common, preferred, or other forms of equity of the Company, including units in an operating partnership (excluding equity based compensation but including issuances related to an acquisition, investment, joint-venture or partnership) (the “Variable Base Management Fee”).
The Company was required to pay the former Advisor any Incentive Compensation (as defined in the Advisory Agreement), generally payable in quarterly installments 50% in cash and 50% in shares of Common Stock (subject to certain lock up restrictions). The former Advisor did not earn any Incentive Compensation during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.
Property Management Fees
Prior to the Internalization Merger, when it was owned by AR Global, the Property Manager provided property management and leasing services for properties owned by the Company, for which the Company pays fees to the Property Manager equal to: (i) with respect to stand-alone, single-tenant net leased properties which are not part of a shopping center, 2.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed and (ii) with respect to all other types of properties, 4.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed in each case plus market-based leasing commissions applicable to the geographic location of the applicable property.
For services related to overseeing property management and leasing services provided by any person or entity that was not an affiliate of the Property Manager, the Company paid the Property Manager an oversight fee equal to 1.0% of gross revenues of the property managed. This oversight fee was no longer applicable to 39 of the Company’s properties which became subject to separate property management agreements with the Property Manager in connection with certain mortgage loans entered into by the Company in October 2017, April 2019 and September 2019 on otherwise nearly identical terms to the primary property and management leasing agreement, which remained applicable to all other properties.
If cash flow generated by any of the Company’s properties was not sufficient to fund the costs and expenses incurred by the Property Manager in fulfilling its duties under the property management and leasing agreements, the Company was required to fund additional amounts. Costs and expenses that were the responsibility of the Company under the property management and leasing agreements included, without limitation, reasonable wages and salaries and other employee-related expenses of all on-site and off-site employees of the Property Manager who were engaged in the operation, management, maintenance and leasing of the properties and other out-of-pocket expenses which were directly related to the operation, management, maintenance and leasing of specific properties, but did not include the Property Manager’s general overhead and administrative expenses.
The Company historically paid leasing commissions to the Property Manager which are expensed over the terms of the related leases. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred leasing commissions to the Property Manager of $1.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively.
Professional Fees and Other Reimbursements
Prior to the Internalization Merger, the Company reimbursed the former Advisor or its affiliates for expenses paid or incurred by the former Advisor or its affiliates in providing services to the Company under the Advisory Agreement, except for those expenses that were specifically the responsibility of the former Advisor under the Advisory Agreement, such as salaries, bonus and other wages, payroll taxes and the cost of employee benefit plans of personnel of the Advisor and its affiliates (including the Company’s executive officers) who provided services to the Company under the Advisory Agreement, the former Advisor’s rent and general overhead expenses, the former Advisor’s travel expenses (subject to certain exceptions),
F-44
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
professional services fees incurred with respect to the former Advisor for the operation of its business, insurance expenses (other than with respect to the Company’s directors and officers) and information technology expenses. In addition, these reimbursements were subject to the limitation that the Company would not reimburse the former Advisor for any amount by which the Company’s operating expenses (including the asset management fee) at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters exceeded the greater of (a) 2.0% of average invested assets and (b) 25.0% of net income, unless the excess amount was otherwise approved by the Board. The amount of expenses reimbursable for the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022 did not exceed these limits.
The following table reflects related party fees incurred for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
 20232022
(In thousands)IncurredIncurred
Fees (1):
    Asset management fees (2)
$22,803 $32,549 
    Property management fees 5,480 7,573 
Total operating fees to related parties$28,283 $40,122 
______________
(1)The Company incurred general and administrative costs and other expense reimbursements of approximately $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are recorded within general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and are not reflected in the table above.
(2)The former Advisor, in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, received asset management fees in cash equal to the annual Minimum Base Management Fee of $18.0 million and the Variable Base Management Fee. The Variable Base Management Fee was $4.8 million and $14.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation
2021 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan; 2021 Omnibus Advisor Incentive Compensation Plan; Restricted Share Plan
At the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of stockholders held on April 12, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan of Global Net Lease, Inc. (the “Individual Plan”) and the 2021 Omnibus Advisor Incentive Compensation Plan of Global Net Lease, Inc. (the “Advisor Plan” and together with the Individual Plan, the “2021 Equity Plan”). The terms of the Advisor Plan are substantially similar to the terms of the Individual Plan, except with respect to the eligible participants. Both the Individual Plan and the Advisor Plan became effective upon stockholder approval.
The employees of the former Advisor and Property Manager, and their respective affiliates were also eligible to participate in the Company’s employee and director incentive restricted share plan (the “Restricted Share Plan”).
Upon approval of the 2021 Equity Plan, the total number of shares of Common Stock that could be issued or subject to awards under the Advisor Plan and the Individual Plan, in the aggregate, was 6,300,000 shares. Shares issued or subject to awards under the Individual Plan reduce the number of shares available for awards under the Advisor Plan on a one-for-one basis and vice versa. The 2021 Equity Plan permits awards of Restricted Shares, RSUs, PSUs, stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, LTIP Units and other equity awards and it expires on April 12, 2031.
Only the former Advisor and any of its affiliates that were involved in providing services to the Company or any of its subsidiaries were eligible to receive awards under the Advisor Plan. As a result of the REIT Merger, no further participants are expected to be eligible to participate in the Advisor Plan from and following the REIT Merger and, accordingly, no further awards are expected to be granted under the Advisor Plan.
Generally, directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company are eligible to participate in the Individual Plan. Prior to the REIT Merger, employees of the Advisor or its affiliates who were consultants providing services to the Company were eligible to participate in the Individual Plan.
RSUs
RSUs were historically awarded under the 2021 Equity Plan, and have been and may continue to be awarded under the Individual Plan, following the Internalization Merger. Historically, prior to the third quarter of 2023, the Company only granted RSUs to its Board members on an annual basis. In November 2023, the Company began granting RSUs to its employees, including executives.
RSUs represent a contingent right to receive shares of Common Stock at a future settlement date, subject to satisfaction of applicable vesting conditions or other restrictions and an award agreement evidencing the grant of RSUs. The RSUs provide for vesting on a straight-line basis over a specified period of time for each award. RSUs may not, in general, be sold or otherwise
F-45
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
transferred until restrictions are removed and the RSUs are settled in, or converted into, the shares of Common Stock. The fair value of the RSUs granted is based on the market price of Common Stock as of the grant date. The fair value of the granted RSUs is expensed over the vesting period.
Holders of RSUs do not have any voting rights with respect to the RSUs or any shares underlying any award of RSUs. For RSUs issued prior to the fourth quarter of 2024, the holders are generally credited with dividend equivalents which are subject to the same vesting conditions or other restrictions as the underlying RSUs and only paid at the time such RSUs are settled in shares of Common Stock. For RSUs granted in or after the fourth quarter of 2024, the holders will receive nonforfeitable cash dividends prior to the time that the RSUs have vested and settled in, or converted into, shares of Common Stock. No nonforfeitable cash dividends were paid for RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2024.
A number of RSU award agreements provide for accelerated vesting of all unvested RSUs in connection with a participant’s death, disability or qualifying termination (including termination by the Company without cause or by the participant with good reason, as applicable) from the Company within 60 days immediately preceding or two years immediately following a change in control and accelerated vesting of the RSUs that would have vested upon the next vesting date in connection with a qualifying termination at any other time. Alternatively, certain of the RSU award agreements provide for accelerated vesting of all unvested RSUs in connection with a participant’s death, disability or qualifying termination (including termination by the Company without cause or by the participant with good reason).
The following table reflects the RSU activity for the periods presented:
 Number of
RSUs		Weighted-Average Issue Price
Unvested, December 31, 202144,510 $16.47 
Granted24,864 15.18 
Vested(21,651)16.43 
Unvested, December 31, 202247,723 15.82 
Granted (1)
526,788 8.90 
Vested
(28,439)15.56 
Forfeitures(10,304)12.62 
Unvested, December 31, 2023535,768 9.09 
Granted (2)
978,247 7.48 
Vested
(232,789)8.93 
Forfeitures(33,047)8.07 
Unvested, December 31, 20241,248,179 7.89 
_______
(1) Represents 30,252 RSUs granted to the Board and 496,536 RSUs granted to employees of the Company.
(2) Represents 142,464 RSUs granted to the Board and 835,783 RSUs granted to employees of the Company.
Restricted Shares
Restricted Shares are shares of Common Stock awarded pursuant to the 2021 Equity Plan, prior to the Internalization Merger, and granted pursuant to the Individual Plan thereafter, and the Restricted Share Plan under terms that provide for vesting over a specified period of time. Holders of Restricted Shares receive nonforfeitable cash dividends prior to the time that the restrictions on the Restricted Shares have lapsed. Any dividends to holders of Restricted Shares payable in shares of Common Stock are subject to the same restrictions as the underlying Restricted Shares. Restricted Shares may not, in general, be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions are removed and the shares have vested.
The Restricted Shares granted to the then employees of the former Advisor or its affiliates vest in 25% increments on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date. Except in connection with a change in control (as defined in the award agreement) of the Company, any unvested Restricted Shares will be forfeited if the holder’s employment terminates for any reason. Upon a change in control of the Company, 50% of the unvested Restricted Shares will immediately vest and the remaining unvested Restricted Shares will be forfeited. A change of control, under the award agreement, did not occur as a result of the Mergers.
F-46
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The following table reflects Restricted Shares activity outstanding for the periods presented:
 
Number of Restricted SharesWeighted-Average Issue Price
Unvested, December 31, 2021305,107 $18.81 
Vested
(148,278)16.56 
Granted
230,398 14.60 
Forfeitures
(27,387)17.22 
Unvested, December 31, 2022359,840 17.16 
Vested
(274,850)16.03 
Granted
265,125 10.52 
Issued in connection with the REIT Merger221,136 10.73 
Forfeitures
(5,631)11.79 
Unvested, December 31, 2023565,620 12.14 
Vested
(179,228)13.01 
Granted
— — 
Forfeitures
(51,750)10.83 
Unvested, December 31, 2024334,642 11.88 
PSUs
In November 2023, the Compensation Committee approved awards of PSUs pursuant to the Individual Plan to full-time employees of the Company. PSUs may be earned and become vested if the Company’s absolute and relative total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance meets certain criteria (see “Performance Measures” below for more detail) over a three-year period performance period (the “PSU Performance Period”) beginning on October 1, 2023 and ending on September 30, 2026 (the “PSU Measurement Date”) and generally subject to the applicable employee’s continued employment through the PSU Measurement Date. Holders of PSUs do not have voting rights with respect to the PSUs or any shares underlying any award of PSUs, but such holders are generally credited with dividend equivalents which are subject to the same vesting conditions or other restrictions as the underlying PSUs and only paid at the time such PSUs are settled in shares of Common Stock. A number of the PSU award agreements provide for accelerated vesting of all unvested PSUs in connection with a participant’s qualifying termination (including termination by the Company without cause or by the participant with good reason, as applicable) from the Company within 180 days immediately preceding or two years immediately following a change in control, and pro-rated vesting accelerated vested of all unvested PSUs in connection with a participant’s death, disability or qualifying termination at any other time. Alternatively, certain of the PSU award agreements provide for accelerated vesting of all unvested PSUs in connection with a participant’s death, disability or qualifying termination (including termination by the Company without Cause or by the participant with Good Reason).
Level of Performance
ThresholdTargetMaximum
Potential Number of PSUs to be Issued234,200468,3921,288,072

Under accounting rules, the total fair value of the PSUs granted at the maximum level under the Individual Plan totaled $5.1 million and was fixed as of November 29, 2023, the date that the Board approved the award of PSUs under the Individual Plan (the “PSU Grant Date”). The fair value will not be remeasured in subsequent periods unless the PSUs are amended. The fair value of the PSUs that were granted is being recorded evenly over the requisite service period which is approximately 2.8 years from November 29, 2023, ending on the PSU Measurement Date.

F-47
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Performance Measures:
The ultimate amount of PSUs that may become earned and vested on the PSU Measurement Date will equal the sum of: (i) PSUs earned by comparing the Company’s TSR to the MSCI US REIT Index peer group (the “MSCI REIT Index”); (ii) PSUs earned by comparing the Company’s TSR to a custom designed net lease peer group consisting of EPR Properties, LXP Industrial Trust, Broadstone Net Lease, Inc., NNN REIT, Inc. and W.P. Carey Inc. (the “Custom Net Lease Peer Group”); and (iii) PSUs earned by achievement of certain TSR levels (the “Company TSR”).
The following table details the number of PSUs that may be earned and vested on the PSU Measurement Date, by each category of performance goal:
Target PSUs Percentage of Target PSUs EarnedNumber of PSUs Earned
Company TSR Relative to the MSCI REIT Index:
Less than 30th percentile (Below Threshold)
175,647 — %— 
30th percentile (Threshold) (1)
175,647 50 %87,825 
55th percentile (Target) (1)
175,647 100 %175,647 
Equal to or greater than 75th percentile (Maximum) (1)
175,647 275 %483,027 
Company TSR Relative to the Custom Net Lease Peer Group:
Less than 30th percentile (Below Threshold)
175,647 — %— 
30th percentile (Threshold) (1)
175,647 50 %87,825 
55th percentile (Target) (1)
175,647 100 %175,647 
Equal to or greater than 75th percentile (Maximum) (1)
175,647 275 %483,027 
Company TSR:
Less than 8% (Below Threshold)
117,098 — %— 
8% (Threshold) (1)
117,098 50 %58,550 
10% (Target) (1)
117,098 100 %117,098 
12% or greater (Maximum) (1)
117,098 275 %322,018 
________
(1) If amounts fall in between these ranges, the results will be determined using linear interpolation between those percentiles, respectively.
Compensation Expense
The combined compensation expense for RSUs, Restricted Shares and PSUs was $8.9 million and $4.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which did not include PSUs. Compensation expense for these equity instruments is recorded as equity-based compensation in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
In September 2022 the former Advisor terminated certain of its employees who provided services to the Company. In connection with the terminations, previous Restricted Share grants issued to these employees of the former Advisor were forfeited upon termination. The Board subsequently approved 23,156 newly issued fully vested shares. In the year ended December 31, 2022 the Company recognized a net compensation charge of approximately $0.3 million representing the value of the new replacement grants net of the reversal of $0.1 million in previously recognized compensation on the forfeited grants.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $8.0 million unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $3.1 million unrecognized compensation cost related to Restricted Share awards granted, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.4 years. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $3.2 million unrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs granted, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 1.75 years.
2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan of RTL
In addition, as part of the REIT Merger, the Company assumed the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan of RTL (the “2018 RTL Equity Plan”). At the time of the assumption of the 2018 RTL Equity Plan, the total number of shares of Common Stock allowed to be issued or subject to awards under the 2018 RTL Equity Plan, subject to applicable securities exchange listing standards, was 2,295,658 shares. The Company has not issued any awards under the 2018 RTL Equity Plan.

F-48
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Multi-Year Outperformance Agreements With Former Advisor
2021 OPP — General Description
On May 3, 2021, the Company’s independent directors, acting as a group, authorized an award of GNL LTIP Units under the 2021 OPP after the performance period under the 2018 OPP expired on June 2, 2021, and, on June 3, 2021, the Company, the OP and the Advisor entered into the 2021 OPP (see below for additional information on the 2018 OPP, including information on the LTIP Units granted and earned thereunder).
Based on a maximum award value of $50.0 million and $20.00, the closing price of Common Stock on June 2, 2021(the “2021 Initial Share Price”), the Advisor was granted a total of 2,500,000 GNL LTIP Units pursuant to the 2021 OPP. These GNL LTIP Units were eligible to be earned and become vested based on the Company’s TSR, including both share price appreciation and reinvestment of Common Stock dividends, compared to the 2021 initial share price over a performance period commencing on June 3, 2021 and ending on the earliest of (i) June 3, 2024, (ii) the effective date of any Change of Control as defined in the Advisor Plan and (iii) the effective date of any termination of the Advisor’s service as the Company’s advisor. As noted above, the end date of the performance period was modified in connection with the Internalization Merger Agreement.
Under accounting rules, the total fair value of the GNL LTIP Units granted under the 2021 OPP of $27.7 million was fixed as of June 3, 2021 and was not required to be remeasured in subsequent periods (see Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for a description of accounting rules related to non-employee equity awards). The fair value of the GNL LTIP Units that were granted was being recorded evenly over the requisite service period which was originally approximately 3.1 years from May 3, 2021, the date that the Company’s independent directors approved the award of GNL LTIP Units under the 2021 OPP. However, due to the modification noted below that changed the timing of the final measurement for determining whether the award is vested and earned, all of the remaining unrecognized compensation expense was accelerated and recorded in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (through September 11, 2023).
Modification of the 2021 OPP
In connection with the Internalization Merger Agreement, the parties agreed to modify the terms of the existing 2021 OPP to accelerate timing for determining whether the award is vested and earned, which changed the end date of the performance period (as described in more detail above) to September 11, 2023, the day prior to the Acquisition Date of the Mergers. Accordingly, on September 11, 2023, the Special Committee reviewed and approved the final calculation determining that 883,750 of the 2,500,000 GNL LTIP Units subject to the 2021 OPP had been earned and became vested and Common Stock was issued for the vested GNL LTIP Units. The remaining 1,616,250 GNL LTIP Units were automatically forfeited, without the payment of any consideration. In addition:
•Due to the modification noted above that changed the timing of the final measurement for determining whether the award is vested and earned, all of the remaining unrecognized compensation expense was accelerated and recorded in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (through September 11, 2023).
•In September 2023, the Company paid a $2.9 million priority catch-up distribution to the Advisor in respect of the 883,750 GNL LTIP Units that were earned under the 2021 OPP.
Compensation Expense - 2021 OPP
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded total compensation expense related to the 2021 OPP of $12.9 million and $9.0 million, respectively.
Performance Measures
With respect to one-half of the GNL LTIP Units granted under the 2021 OPP, the number of GNL LTIP Units that could have become earned was determined as of the last day of the performance period (which was modified to September 11, 2023 as noted above) based on the Company’s achievement of absolute TSR levels as shown in the table below. Under this performance measure, as modified no GNL LTIP Units were earned.
Performance Level (% of Absolute GNL LTIP Units Earned)  Absolute TSR  Number of GNL LTIP Units Earned - 2021 OPP
Below Threshold 0 % Less than 24%0 
Threshold25 %24%312,500 
Target 50 %30%625,000 
Maximum 100 %36%or higher1,250,000 
If the Company’s absolute TSR was more than 24% but less than 30%, or more than 30% but less than 36%, the number of GNL LTIP Units that could have become earned was determined using linear interpolation as between those tiers, respectively.
F-49
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
With respect to the remaining one-half of the GNL LTIP Units granted under the 2021 OPP, the number of GNL LTIP Units that could have become earned was determined as of the last day of the performance period (which was modified to September 11, 2023 as noted above) based on the difference (expressed in terms of basis points, whether positive or negative, as shown in the table below) between the Company’s absolute TSR on the last day of the performance period (which was modified to September 11, 2023 as noted above) relative to the average TSR of a peer group consisting of Lexington Realty Trust, Office Properties Income Trust and W.P. Carey, Inc. as of the last day of the performance period. Under this performance measure, as modified, 883,750 GNL LTIP Units were earned.
Performance Level (% of Relative GNL LTIP Units Earned)   Relative TSR ExcessNumber of GNL LTIP Units Earned - 2021 OPP
Below Threshold 0 % Less than -600basis points0 
Threshold25 %-600basis points312,500 
Target 50 %0basis points625,000 
Maximum 100 %600basis points1,250,000 
If the relative TSR excess was more than -600 basis points but less than zero basis points, or more than zero basis points but less than +600 bps, the number of LTIP Units that became earned was determined using linear interpolation as between those tiers, respectively.
Note 14 — Earnings Per Share
The following is a summary of the basic and diluted net income per share computation for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)202420232022
Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(175,316)$(239,348)$(8,363)
Adjustments to net loss attributable to common stockholders for common share equivalents(659)(3,887)(939)
Adjusted net loss attributable to common stockholders$(175,975)$(243,235)$(9,302)
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Basic and Diluted230,440,385 142,584,332 103,686,395 
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders — Basic and Diluted$(0.76)$(1.71)$(0.09)
Under current authoritative guidance for determining earnings per share, all unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to distributions are considered to be participating securities and therefore are included in the computation of earnings per share under the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common shares and participating security according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The Company’s unvested Restricted Shares contain and the unearned GNL LTIP Units, prior to the end of the performance period at September 11, 2023, contained rights to receive distributions considered to be non-forfeitable, except in certain limited circumstances, and therefore the Company applies the two-class method of computing earnings per share. The calculation of earnings per share above excludes the distributions to the unvested Restricted Shares and unearned GNL LTIP Units (prior to the end of the performance period at September 11, 2023) from the numerator.
Diluted net income per share assumes the conversion of all Common Stock share equivalents into an equivalent number of shares of Common Stock, unless the effect is anti-dilutive. The Company considers unvested RSUs, unvested Restricted Shares, unvested PSUs, and Class A Units (prior to their exchange for Common Stock in the fourth quarter of 2024) to be common share equivalents.
F-50
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The following table shows common share equivalents on a weighted-average basis that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (see Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation for additional information on all of the common share equivalents listed in the table below):
December 31,
202420232022
Unvested RSUs (1)
950,936 85,518 45,725 
Unvested Restricted Shares (2)
426,651 456,279 371,920 
Unvested PSUs (3)
1,288,072 116,456 — 
Class A Units (4)
— 35,233 — 
GNL LTIP Units (5)
— — 2,500,000 
   Total common share equivalents excluded from EPS calculation2,665,659 693,486 2,917,645 
(1) There were 1,248,179, 535,768 and 47,723 unvested RSUs issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2) There were 334,642, 565,620 and 359,840 unvested Restricted Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3) There were 1,288,072 PSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(4) There were no Class A Units outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 115,857 Class A Units outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
(5) As disclosed in Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation, the performance period under the 2021 OPP was accelerated and ended on September 11, 2023, and as a result, 883,750 GNL LTIP Units became earned and vested and Common Stock was issued for the vested GNL LTIP Units. There were no GNL LTIP Units issued and outstanding under the 2021 OPP as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and there were 2,500,000 LTIP Units issued and outstanding under the 2021 OPP as of December 31, 2022.
Conditionally issuable shares under the 2021 Equity Plan and the 2021 OPP award are required to be included in the computation of fully diluted EPS (if dilutive) based on shares that would be issued as if the balance sheet date were the end of the measurement period.
•No PSU share equivalents were included in the computation for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 since their impact was anti-dilutive.
•No GNL LTIP Unit share equivalents were included in the computation for the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023 since the performance period ended on September 11, 2023 and none were included in the computation for the year ended December 31, 2022 since their impact was anti-dilutive.
Note 15 — Segment Reporting

As a result of the Mergers and the related strategic shift in the Company’s operations, the Company has concluded it operates in four reportable segments consistent with its current management internal financial reporting purposes: (1) Industrial & Distribution (2) Multi-Tenant Retail (3) Single-Tenant Retail and (4) Office. The Company evaluates performance and makes resource allocations based on its four business segments. The Company is reporting its business segments using the “management approach” model for segment reporting, whereby the Company determines its reportable business segments based on the way the chief operating decision maker organizes business segments within the Company for making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, who is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President, receives and reviews financial information based on the Company's four segments. The Company evaluates business segment performance based upon net operating income, which is defined as total revenues from tenants, less property operating costs. The segments are managed separately due to the property type and the accounting policies are consistent across each segment. See below for a description of net operating income.
Net Operating Income
The Company evaluates the performance of the combined properties in each segment based on total revenues from tenants, less property operating costs. As such, this excludes all other items of expense and income included in the financial statements in calculating net income (loss). The Company uses net operating income at the segment level to assess and compare property level performance and to make decisions concerning the operation of the properties. The Company believes that the net operating income of each segment is useful as a performance measure because, when compared across periods, the net operating income of each segment reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating expenses and acquisition activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income (loss).
The net operating income of each segment excludes certain components from net income (loss) in order to provide results that are more closely related to a property’s results of operations. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the
F-51
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level. In addition, depreciation and amortization, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance at the property level. The net operating income of the Company’s segments presented by the Company may not be comparable to similar measures reported by other REITs that define net operating income differently.
The following table provides operating financial information for the Company’s four reportable segments:

Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)2024
2023 (1)
2022 (1)
Industrial & Distribution:
Revenue from tenants$237,645 $220,102 $211,533 
Property operating expense21,820 15,457 13,682 
Net Operating Income$215,825 $204,645 $197,851 
Multi-Tenant Retail:
Revenue from tenants$259,280 $79,799 $— 
Property operating expense86,025 26,951 — 
Net Operating Income$173,255 $52,848 $— 
Single-Tenant Retail:
Revenue from tenants$164,514 $65,478 $17,170 
Property operating expense15,787 6,045 1,200 
Net Operating Income$148,727 $59,433 $15,970 
Office:
Revenue from tenants$143,571 $149,691 $150,154 
Property operating expense18,865 19,386 17,995 
Net Operating Income$124,706 $130,305 $132,159 

________
(1) Amounts in the Single-Tenant Retail segment and Office segment reflect changes to the reclassification of one tenant from the Office segment to the Single-Tenant Retail segment to conform to the current year presentation based on a re-evaluation of the property type.

F-52
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Information

A reconciliation of the total reportable segment's revenue from tenants to consolidated revenue from tenants and the total reportable segment’s income to consolidated net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)2024
2023 (1)
2022 (1)
Revenue From Tenants:
Industrial & Distribution $237,645 $220,102 $211,533 
Multi-Tenant Retail259,280 79,799 — 
Single-Tenant Retail164,514 65,478 17,170 
Office143,571 149,691 150,154 
Total Consolidated Revenue From Tenants$805,010 $515,070 $378,857 
Net loss before income tax and net loss attributable to common stockholders:
Net Operating Income:
Industrial & Distribution$215,825 $204,645 $197,851 
Multi-Tenant Retail173,255 52,848 — 
Single-Tenant Retail148,727 59,433 15,970 
Office124,706 130,305 132,159 
Total net operating income662,513 447,231 345,980 
Operating fees to related parties— (28,283)(40,122)
Impairment charges (90,410)(68,684)(21,561)
Merger, transaction and other costs(6,026)(54,492)(244)
Settlement costs— (29,727)— 
General and administrative(57,734)(40,187)(17,737)
Equity-based compensation(8,931)(17,297)(12,072)
Depreciation and amortization(349,943)(222,271)(154,026)
Gain (loss) on dispositions of real estate investments57,015 (1,672)325 
Interest expense(326,932)(179,411)(97,510)
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt(15,877)(1,221)(2,040)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments4,229 (3,691)18,642 
Unrealized gains on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness
3,249 — 2,439 
Other income1,720 2,270 981 
Net loss before income tax(127,127)(197,435)23,055 
Income tax expense(4,445)(14,475)(11,032)
Net loss(131,572)(211,910)12,023 
Preferred stock dividends(43,744)(27,438)(20,386)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(175,316)$(239,348)$(8,363)
________
(1) Amounts in the Single-Tenant Retail segment and Office segment reflect changes to the reclassification of one tenant from the Office segment to the Single-Tenant Retail segment to conform to the current year presentation based on a re-evaluation of the property type.
F-53
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
The following table reconciles real estate investments, net by segment to consolidated total assets as of the periods presented:
December 31,
(In thousands)2024
2023 (2)
Investments in real estate, net:
   Industrial & Distribution$2,180,309 $2,479,804 
   Multi-Tenant Retail1,743,598 2,174,064 
   Single-Tenant Retail1,400,271 1,740,347 
   Office1,039,124 1,178,105 
       Total investments in real estate, net6,363,302 7,572,320 
Assets held for sale17,406 3,188 
Cash and cash equivalents159,698 121,566 
Restricted cash64,510 40,833 
Derivative assets, at fair value2,471 10,615 
Unbilled straight line rent99,501 84,254 
Operating lease right-of-use asset74,270 77,008 
Prepaid expenses and other assets108,562 121,997 
Deferred tax assets4,866 4,808 
Goodwill (1)
51,370 46,976 
Deferred financing costs, net9,808 15,412 
Total assets$6,955,764 $8,098,977 
________
(1) In connection with the Company’s conclusion that it now operates in four reportable segments, the Company’s goodwill allocation by segment is as follows as of December 31, 2024: (1) Industrial & Distribution: $22.1 million; (2) Multi-Tenant Retail: $7.1 million; (3) Single-Tenant Retail: $7.9 million; and (4) Office: $14.2 million.
(2) Amounts in the Single-Tenant Retail segment and Office segment reflect changes to the reclassification of one tenant from the Office segment to the Single-Tenant Retail segment to conform to the current year presentation based on a re-evaluation of the property type.
Geographic Information
Other than the U.S. and United Kingdom, no country or tenant individually comprised more than 10% of the Company’s annualized revenue from tenants on a straight-line basis, or total long-lived assets at December 31, 2024. The following tables present the geographic information for Revenue from tenants and Investments in real estate:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Revenue from tenants:
United States$655,831 $365,092 $234,363 
United Kingdom84,678 86,916 78,403 
Europe 61,322 59,823 62,852 
Canada3,179 3,239 3,239 
Total$805,010 $515,070 $378,857 
F-54
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Investments in real estate, gross:
United States $6,137,882 $7,082,979 
United Kingdom799,624 903,816 
Europe 554,133 629,988 
Canada36,292 39,361 
Total$7,527,931 $8,656,144 
Acquired Intangible Liabilities, Gross
United States$91,936 $101,342 
United Kingdom5,279 5,698 
Europe10,669 12,961 
Canada19 21 
Total$107,903 $120,022 

Note 16 — Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense for the periods presented are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Net (Loss) Income Before Income Tax:
Domestic$(123,188)$(118,447)$64,592 
Foreign(3,939)(78,988)(41,537)
    Total net (loss) income before tax$(127,127)$(197,435)$23,055 
Income Taxes:
Current:
State and Local$134 $199 $175 
Foreign4,569 16,656 12,814 
   Total income taxes, current4,703 16,855 12,989 
Deferred:
State and Local— — — 
Foreign(258)(2,380)(1,957)
    Total income taxes, deferred (258)(2,380)(1,957)
Total Income Tax Expense $4,445 $14,475 $11,032 


F-55
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
A reconciliation of effective income tax for the periods presented are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)202420232022
Net (loss) income before income tax$(127,127)$(197,435)$23,055 
Tax (benefit) provision at statutory rates $(26,651)$(41,461)$4,842 
Foreign rate differential(295)1,139 (730)
Foreign financing activities7,721 11,047 11,320 
Tax adjustments related to REIT25,871 24,874 (13,565)
Deferred tax assets generated in the current year added to valuation allowance (1,388)5,949 9,297 
Other(813)12,927 (132)
Total income tax expense$4,445 $14,475 $11,032 
Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes as of the periods presented consists of the following:
December 31,
(In thousands)20242023
Deferred Tax Assets
    Basis differences$14,924 $11,278 
    Net operating loss carryforwards3,205 5,028 
       Total deferred tax assets18,129 16,306 
    Valuation allowance (13,263)(11,498)
       Net deferred tax assets4,866 4,808 
Deferred Tax Liabilities
    Basis differences(4,170)(4,552)
    Straight-line rent(1,307)(1,457)
        Total deferred tax liabilities(5,477)(6,009)
Net Deferred Tax Liability$(611)$(1,201)

The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are primarily the result of temporary differences related to the following:
•Basis differences between tax and GAAP for certain international real estate investments. For income tax purposes, in certain acquisitions, the Company assumes the seller’s basis, or the carry-over basis, in the acquired assets. The carry-over basis is typically lower than the purchase price, or the GAAP basis, resulting in a deferred tax liability with an offsetting increase to goodwill or the acquired tangible or intangible assets;
•Timing differences generated by differences in the GAAP basis and the tax basis of assets such as those related to capitalized acquisition costs and depreciation expense; and
•Tax net operating losses in certain subsidiaries, including those domiciled in foreign jurisdictions that may be realized in future periods if the respective subsidiary generates sufficient taxable income.
As of December 31, 2024, foreign net operating loss carryforwards were $19.8 million, which will begin to expire in 2028.


F-56
GLOBAL NET LEASE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024
Note 17 — Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and determined that there have not been any events that have occurred that would require adjustments to, or disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, except as disclosed in the applicable footnotes and below.
Dispositions
The Company disposed of 13 properties subsequent to December 31, 2024 for an aggregate price of approximately $19.2 million.
Pending Transactions
RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition
On February 25, 2025, the Company through certain of its subsidiaries, entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“RCG PSA”) with RCG Ventures Holdings, LLC (“RCG”) to sell a real estate portfolio comprised of 100 multi-tenant retail centers located in 28 states for a base purchase price of approximately $1.78 billion, subject to customary purchase price adjustments (the “RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition”). The closing of the RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition is subject to a number of customary conditions, including, but not limited to, with respect to 41 of the multi-tenant retail centers, the consent of certain of the Company’s existing lenders for RCG to assume the following debt secured by such properties: (a) approximately $210.0 million secured from Société Générale and UBS AG, and (b) approximately $260.0 million secured from Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc., Société Générale, KeyBank and Bank of Montreal. The closing of the disposition of the other 59 facilities is not contingent upon assumption of such debt and the closing is not otherwise subject to any financing contingency. The Company received a $25.0 million non-refundable deposit from RCG in connection with entering into RCG PSA. The RCG Multi-Tenant Retail Disposition is expected to close in three phases: the unencumbered portfolio is scheduled to close by March 31, 2025, while the encumbered portfolio is scheduled to close in two stages during the second quarter of 2025, pending approval of the respective loan assumptions.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 20, 2025, the Board authorized a stock buyback program for up to an aggregate amount of $300.0 million of shares of Common Stock. Under the program, which does not have a stated expiration date, the Company may repurchase shares of Common Stock from time to time through open market purchases, including pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 pre-set trading plans and under Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase transactions entered into with one or more counterparties or otherwise, in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, volume, and nature of repurchases are subject to market conditions, applicable securities laws, and other factors, and the program may be amended, suspended or discontinued at any time. The program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares of Common Stock.
F-57
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
McDonald's CorporationCarlisleUnited KingdomOct. 2012$— $402 $764 $— $— 1,166 $232 
WickesBlackpoolUnited KingdomMay. 2013— 1,692 1,690 — — 3,382 723 
Everything EverywhereMerthyr TydfilUnited KingdomJun. 2013— 3,447 1,996 — — 5,443 769 
Thames WaterSwindonUnited KingdomJul. 2013— 3,447 3,696 — 12 7,155 1,407 
WickesTunstallUnited KingdomJul. 2013— 878 1,865 — — 2,743 780 
PPD Global LabsHighland HeightsKYAug. 2013— (9)2,001 5,162 — — 7,163 1,774 
Northern RockSunderlandUnited KingdomSep. 2013— 1,254 3,993 — — 5,247 1,504 
WickesCliftonUnited KingdomNov. 2013— 1,254 1,632 — — 2,886 668 
XPO Logistics Freight, Inc.AuroraNENov. 2013— (10)295 1,470 — — 1,765 685 
XPO Logistics Freight, Inc.Grand RapidsMINov. 2013— (10)945 1,247 — — 2,192 581 
XPO Logistics Freight, Inc.RivertonILNov. 2013— (10)344 707 — — 1,051 330 
XPO Logistics Freight, Inc.SalinaKSNov. 2013— (10)461 1,622 — — 2,083 756 
XPO Logistics Freight, Inc.UhrichsvilleOHNov. 2013— (10)380 780 — — 1,160 363 
XPO Logistics Freight, Inc.VincennesINNov. 2013— (10)220 633 — — 853 306 
XPO Logistics Freight, Inc.Waite ParkMNNov. 2013— (10)366 700 — — 1,066 325 
WolverineHoward CityMIDec. 2013— (10)719 12,027 — — 12,746 5,562 
RheinmetallNeussGermanyJan. 2014— 5,341 14,995 — 67 20,403 4,510 
GE AviationGrand RapidsMIJan. 2014— (7)3,174 27,076 — 203 30,453 7,991 
Provident FinancialBradfordUnited KingdomFeb. 2014— 1,264 23,458 — — 24,722 6,527 
Crown CrestLeicesterUnited KingdomFeb. 2014— 7,204 29,750 — — 36,954 9,431 
TraneDavenportIAFeb. 2014— 291 1,968 — — 2,259 698 
AvivaSheffieldUnited KingdomMar. 2014— 2,723 30,863 — — 33,586 8,799 
DFS TradingBriggUnited KingdomMar. 2014— 1,272 3,608 — — 4,880 1,163 
DFS TradingCarcroftUnited KingdomMar. 2014— 290 2,085 — — 2,375 707 
DFS TradingCarcroftUnited KingdomMar. 2014— 1,070 4,237 — — 5,307 1,264 
DFS TradingDarley DaleUnited KingdomMar. 2014— 1,252 3,213 — — 4,465 1,058 
DFS TradingSomercotesUnited KingdomMar. 2014— 736 2,626 — — 3,362 1,018 
Government Services Administration (GSA)FranklinTNMar. 2014— 4,160 30,083 — 561 34,804 8,696 
National OilwellWillistonNDMar. 2014— 211 3,513 — — 3,724 1,356 
Government Services Administration (GSA)DoverDEApr. 2014— 1,097 1,715 — 690 3,502 583 
Government Services Administration (GSA)GermantownPAApr. 2014— 1,097 3,573 — 553 5,223 1,561 
OBI DIYMayenGermanyApr. 2014— 1,164 6,947 — 177 8,288 2,270 
DFS TradingSouth YorkshireUnited KingdomApr. 2014— — 1,310 — — 1,310 566 
DFS TradingYorkshireUnited KingdomApr. 2014— — 1,708 — — 1,708 495 
F-58
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Government Services Administration (GSA)DallasTXApr. 2014— 484 2,934 — — 3,418 839 
Government Services Administration (GSA)MissionTXApr. 2014— 618 3,145 — 251 4,014 1,064 
Government Services Administration (GSA)International FallsMNMay. 2014— (7)350 11,182 — 63 11,595 3,301 
Indiana Department of RevenueIndianapolisINMay. 2014— 891 7,677 — 433 9,001 2,348 
National OilwellPleasantonTXMay. 2014— 202 1,643 — — 1,845 598 
NissanMurfreesboroTNMay. 2014— (7)966 19,573 — — 20,539 5,432 
Government Services Administration (GSA)LakewoodCOJun. 2014— 1,220 7,928 — 155 9,303 2,224 
Lippert ComponentsSouth BendINJun. 2014— (7)3,195 6,883 — — 10,078 1,957 
Axon Energy ProductsHoustonTXJun. 2014— 294 2,310 — — 2,604 693 
Axon Energy ProductsHoustonTXJun. 2014— 416 5,186 — — 5,602 1,508 
Bell Supply CoCarrizo SpringsTXJun. 2014— 260 1,445 — — 1,705 499 
Bell Supply CoCleburneTXJun. 2014— 301 323 — — 624 124 
Bell Supply CoFriersonLAJun. 2014— 260 1,054 — — 1,314 504 
Bell Supply CoGainesvilleTXJun. 2014— 131 1,420 — — 1,551 414 
Bell Supply CoKilldeerNDJun. 2014— 307 1,250 — — 1,557 421 
Bell Supply CoWillistonNDJun. 2014— 162 2,323 — — 2,485 705 
GE Oil & GasCantonOHJun. 2014— 437 3,039 — 300 3,776 1,038 
GE Oil & GasOdessaTXJun. 2014— 1,611 3,322 — — 4,933 1,803 
LhoistIrvingTXJun. 2014— 173 2,154 — 125 2,452 788 
Select Energy ServicesDeBerryTXJun. 2014— 533 7,551 — — 8,084 3,490 
Select Energy ServicesGainesvilleTXJun. 2014— 519 7,482 — — 8,001 2,051 
Select Energy ServicesVictoriaTXJun. 2014— 354 1,698 — — 2,052 610 
Bell Supply CoJacksboroTXJun. 2014— 51 657 — — 708 315 
Bell Supply CoKenedyTXJun. 2014— 190 1,669 — — 1,859 632 
Select Energy ServicesAliceTXJun. 2014— 518 1,331 — — 1,849 433 
Select Energy ServicesDilleyTXJun. 2014— 429 1,777 — — 2,206 681 
Select Energy ServicesKenedyTXJun. 2014— 815 8,355 — — 9,170 2,746 
Select Energy ServicesLaredoTXJun. 2014— 2,472 944 — — 3,416 460 
Superior Energy ServicesGainesvilleTXJun. 2014— 322 480 — — 802 143 
Superior Energy ServicesJacksboroTXJun. 2014— 408 312 — — 720 127 
Amcor PackagingWorkingtonUnited KingdomJun. 2014— 1,091 6,433 — — 7,524 2,183 
Government Services Administration (GSA)RatonNMJun. 2014— 93 875 — — 968 271 
F-59
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Nimble storageSan JoseCAJun. 2014— (9)30,227 10,795 — 180 41,202 3,141 
FedExAmarilloTXJul. 2014— 889 6,446 — — 7,335 2,201 
FedExChicopeeMAJul. 2014— 1,030 7,022 — 2,087 10,139 3,565 
FedExSan AntonioTXJul. 2014— (10)3,283 17,756 — 598 21,637 5,039 
SandozPrincetonNJJul. 2014— (7)7,766 31,994 — 12,091 51,851 18,712 
WyndhamBransonMOJul. 2014— 881 3,307 — — 4,188 992 
Government Services Administration (GSA)Fort FairfieldMEJul. 2014— 26 9,315 — — 9,341 2,477 
AT&T Services, Inc.San AntonioTXJul. 2014— (11)5,312 41,201 — — 46,513 10,839 
PNC BankEriePAJul. 2014— (9)242 6,195 — — 6,437 1,664 
PNC BankScrantonPAJul. 2014— (7)1,324 3,004 — — 4,328 827 
Continental TireFort MillSCJul. 2014— 780 14,259 — — 15,039 3,821 
Fujitsu Office PropertiesManchesterUnited KingdomJul. 2014— 3,540 38,320 — 2,296 44,156 10,428 
BP OilWootton BassettUnited KingdomAug. 2014— 574 2,482 — — 3,056 718 
HBOSDerbyUnited KingdomAug. 2014— 576 5,804 (330)(4,065)1,985 — 
HBOSSt. HelensUnited KingdomAug. 2014— 218 3,289 (125)(2,309)1,073 — 
HBOSWarringtonUnited KingdomAug. 2014— 417 1,965 — — 2,382 638 
MalthurstShiptonthorpeUnited KingdomAug. 2014— 264 1,878 — — 2,142 598 
MalthurstYorkshireUnited KingdomAug. 2014— 469 1,229 — — 1,698 513 
Stanley Black & DeckerWestervilleOHAug. 2014— 958 6,933 — 4,410 12,301 2,673 
CapgeminiBirminghamUnited KingdomAug. 2014— 1,560 14,794 — 4,806 21,160 4,914 
MerckMadisonNJAug. 2014— (7)10,290 32,530 — — 42,820 8,573 
Government Services Administration (GSA)RangeleyMEAug. 2014— 1,377 4,746 — 1,104 7,227 1,640 
Hewlett-PackardNewcastleUnited KingdomSep. 2014— 1,078 17,946 — — 19,024 4,878 
Intier AutomotiveRedditchUnited KingdomSep. 2014— 1,113 8,813 — — 9,926 2,665 
Waste ManagementWinston-SalemNCSep. 2014— 494 3,235 — — 3,729 900 
Dollar GeneralAllenOKSep. 2014— 99 793 — — 892 231 
Dollar GeneralCherokeeKSSep. 2014— 27 769 — — 796 227 
Dollar GeneralClearwaterKSSep. 2014— 90 785 — — 875 231 
Dollar GeneralDexterNMSep. 2014— 329 585 — — 914 172 
Dollar GeneralElmore CityOKSep. 2014— 21 742 — — 763 222 
Dollar GeneralEuniceNMSep. 2014— 269 569 — — 838 170 
Dollar GeneralGoreOKSep. 2014— 143 813 — — 956 240 
Dollar GeneralKingstonOKSep. 2014— 81 778 — — 859 231 
Dollar GeneralLordsburgNMSep. 2014— 212 719 — — 931 211 
Dollar GeneralLyonsKSSep. 2014— 120 970 — — 1,090 282 
F-60
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Dollar GeneralMansfieldLASep. 2014— 169 812 — — 981 238 
Dollar GeneralNelighNESep. 2014— 83 1,045 — — 1,128 297 
Dollar GeneralNormanOKSep. 2014— 40 913 — — 953 267 
Dollar GeneralPeggsOKSep. 2014— 72 879 — — 951 257 
Dollar GeneralSanta RosaNMSep. 2014— 324 575 — — 899 170 
Dollar GeneralSapulpaOKSep. 2014— 143 745 — — 888 224 
Dollar GeneralSchuylerNESep. 2014— 144 905 — — 1,049 260 
Dollar GeneralTahlequahOKSep. 2014— 132 925 — — 1,057 268 
Dollar GeneralTownvillePASep. 2014— 78 882 — — 960 272 
Dollar GeneralValley FallsKSSep. 2014— 51 922 — — 973 262 
Dollar GeneralWymoreNESep. 2014— 21 872 — — 893 253 
FedExBohemiaNYSep. 2014— (7)4,838 19,596 — 1,065 25,499 5,895 
FedExWatertownNYSep. 2014— 561 4,757 — — 5,318 1,481 
Shaw AeroNaplesFLSep. 2014— (17)998 22,332 — 900 24,230 6,083 
MallinckrodtSt. LouisMOSep. 2014— (9)1,499 16,828 — — 18,327 4,533 
Kuka WarehouseSterling HeightsMISep. 2014— (17)1,227 10,790 — — 12,017 2,906 
Trinity HealthLivoniaMISep. 2014— 4,273 16,574 — 11,400 32,247 7,008 
FedExHebronKYSep. 2014— 1,106 7,750 — 338 9,194 2,265 
FedExLexingtonKYSep. 2014— (17)1,118 7,961 — — 9,079 2,235 
DNV GLDublinOHOct. 2014— 2,509 3,140 — 541 6,190 988 
RexamReckinghausenGermanyOct. 2014— 732 10,309 — — 11,041 2,786 
FedExLake CharlesLAOct. 2014— (11)255 7,485 — 572 8,312 2,530 
OnguardHavre De GraceMDOct. 2014— (17)2,216 6,585 — 1,624 10,425 2,785 
Metro TonicHalle PeissenGermanyOct. 2014— 6,312 44,223 — — 50,535 13,239 
TokmanniMatsalaFinlandNov. 2014— (6)1,636 49,508 — — 51,144 13,965 
Government Services Administration (GSA)Rapid CitySDNov. 2014— 504 7,837 — — 8,341 2,156 
KPN BVHoutenNetherlandsNov. 2014— 1,464 17,916 — — 19,380 4,624 
Follett SchoolMcHenryILDec. 2014— (17)3,423 15,600 — 2,307 21,330 5,128 
Weatherford InternationalOdessaTXDec. 2014— (9)665 1,795 — — 2,460 799 
AM CastleWichitaKSDec. 2014— (17)426 6,681 — 509 7,616 1,860 
FedExBillericaMADec. 2014— 1,138 6,674 — 1,024 8,836 2,369 
Constellium AutoVan BurenMIDec. 2014— (7)1,180 13,781 — 7,875 22,836 9,035 
C & J EnergyHoustonTXMar. 2015— 6,196 21,745 — — 27,941 5,572 
FedExSalinaUTMar. 2015— 428 3,447 — — 3,875 1,259 
FedExPierreSDApr. 2015— — 3,288 — — 3,288 1,155 
F-61
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Crowne GroupFraserMIAug. 2015— 350 3,865 — — 4,215 1,007 
Crowne GroupJonesvilleMIAug. 2015— 101 3,136 — — 3,237 841 
Crowne GroupLogansportINAug. 2015— 1,843 5,430 — — 7,273 1,657 
Crowne GroupMarionSCAug. 2015— 386 7,993 — — 8,379 2,227 
JIT SteelChattanoogaTNSep. 2015— 582 3,122 — — 3,704 771 
JIT SteelChattanoogaTNSep. 2015— 316 1,986 — — 2,302 479 
Mapes & SprowlElk Grove VillageILSep. 2015— (10)954 4,619 — — 5,573 1,175 
National OilwellPleasantonTXSep. 2015— 80 3,372 — — 3,452 910 
Office DepotVenloNetherlandsSep. 2015— 3,239 14,326 — — 17,565 4,013 
FinnairHelinskiFinlandSep. 2015— (6)2,337 66,609 — — 68,946 16,744 
HannibalHoustonTXSep. 2015— (17)2,090 11,138 — — 13,228 2,713 
FedExMankatoMNSep. 2015— 472 6,780 — — 7,252 2,118 
AuchanBeychac-et-CaillauFranceDec. 2016— 3,761 12,232 — 5,267 21,260 3,774 
DCNSGuipavasFranceDec. 2016— 1,755 13,315 — — 15,070 2,947 
Deutsche BankKirchbergLuxembourgDec. 2016— 13,417 45,635 — 715 59,767 9,507 
FedExGreensboroNCDec. 2016— 1,820 8,252 — — 10,072 2,295 
Harper CollinsGlasgowUnited KingdomDec. 2016— 9,904 50,590 — — 60,494 11,224 
ID LogisticsLandersheimFranceDec. 2016— 1,790 7,522 — — 9,312 1,645 
ID LogisticsMoreuilFranceDec. 2016— 2,763 5,588 — — 8,351 1,285 
ID LogisticsWeilbachGermanyDec. 2016— 1,237 8,174 — — 9,411 1,707 
ING BankAmsterdam ZuidoosNetherlandsDec. 2016— — 67,641 — 2,532 70,173 14,037 
NCR Financial Solutions GroupDundeeUnited KingdomDec. 2016— 2,520 8,061 — — 10,581 2,009 
Pole EmploiMarseilleFranceDec. 2016— 741 7,807 — 91 8,639 1,597 
Worldline SABloisFranceDec. 2016— 1,049 4,994 — — 6,043 1,406 
Cott BeveragesSikestonMOFeb. 2017— (17)456 8,291 — 147 8,894 1,747 
FedExGreat FallsMTMar. 2017— (9)326 5,439 — — 5,765 1,529 
FedExMorgantownWVMar. 2017— (7)4,661 8,401 — — 13,062 1,864 
Bridgestone TireMt. Olive TwpNJSep. 2017— (8)916 5,088 — — 6,004 1,023 
NSA IndustriesSt. JohnsburyVTOct. 2017— (8)210 1,753 — — 1,963 368 
NSA IndustriesSt. JohnsburyVTOct. 2017— (8)300 3,936 — 491 4,727 1,079 
NSA IndustriesSt. JohnsburyVTOct. 2017— (8)270 3,858 — — 4,128 822 
GKN AerospaceBlue AshOHOct. 2017— (8)790 4,079 — — 4,869 844 
TremecWixomMINov. 2017— (8)1,002 17,376 — — 18,378 3,613 
NSA IndustriesGrovetonNHDec. 2017— (8)59 3,517 — — 3,576 633 
CumminsOmahaNEDec. 2017— (8)1,448 6,469 — — 7,917 1,418 
F-62
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Government Services Administration (GSA)GainsvilleFLDec. 2017— 451 6,016 — 53 6,520 1,117 
ChemoursPass ChristianMSFeb. 2018— (10)382 16,149 — — 16,531 3,351 
Lee SteelWyomingMIMar. 2018— 504 7,256 — — 7,760 1,284 
LSI SteelChicagoILMar. 2018— 3,341 1,181 (1,228)(566)2,728 — 
LSI SteelChicagoILMar. 2018— 1,792 5,615 — — 7,407 953 
LSI SteelChicagoILMar. 2018— 2,856 948 — — 3,804 182 
Fiat Chrysler Sterling HeightsMIMar. 2018— 1,855 13,623 — — 15,478 2,769 
Contractors SteelBellevilleMIMay. 2018— 2,862 25,878 — 6,296 35,036 6,584 
Contractors SteelHammondINMay. 2018— 1,970 8,859 — — 10,829 1,883 
Contractors SteelLivoniaMIMay. 2018— 933 8,554 — 1,357 10,844 2,255 
Contractors SteelTwinsburgOHMay. 2018— 729 8,707 — 2,500 11,936 3,009 
Contractors SteelWyomingMIMay. 2018— 970 12,426 — 1,232 14,628 2,961 
FedExBlackfootIDJun. 2018— (10)350 6,882 — — 7,232 2,067 
DuPont PioneerSpencerIAJun. 2018— 273 6,718 — 607 7,598 1,490 
RubbermaidAkronOHJul. 2018— (10)1,221 17,145 — — 18,366 2,827 
NetScoutAllenTXAug. 2018— (9)2,115 41,486 — — 43,601 6,756 
Bush IndustriesJamestownNYSep. 2018— (10)1,535 14,818 — — 16,353 2,504 
FedExGreenvilleNCSep. 2018— (10)581 9,744 — — 10,325 3,079 
PenskeRomulusMINov. 201870,000 4,701 105,826 — 163 110,690 17,559 
NSA IndustriesGeorgetownMANov. 2018— 1,100 6,059 — 1,198 8,357 1,525 
LKQ Corp.CullmanALDec. 2018— 61 3,781 — — 3,842 651 
Grupo Antolin North America, Inc.Shelby TownshipMIDec. 2018— (17)1,941 41,648 — — 43,589 6,921 
WalgreensPittsburghPADec. 2018— (17)1,701 13,718 — — 15,419 2,305 
VersaFlexKansas CityKSDec. 2018— (17)519 7,581 — — 8,100 1,184 
CumminsGilletteWYMar. 2019— (11)1,197 5,470 — 516 7,183 1,108 
Stanley SecurityFishersINMar. 2019— (11)1,246 11,879 — — 13,125 1,882 
Sierra Nevada Corp.Colorado SpringsCOApr. 2019— — 16,105 — — 16,105 2,514 
EQT Corp.WaynesburgPAApr. 2019— (11)875 11,126 — — 12,001 1,866 
HanesCalhounGAApr. 2019— (11)731 8,104 — — 8,835 1,454 
Union PartnersAuroraILMay. 2019— 929 11,621 — — 12,550 1,751 
Union PartnersDearbornMIMay. 2019— (11)3,028 11,645 — — 14,673 1,835 
ComDocNorth CantonOHJun. 2019— (11)602 15,128 — — 15,730 2,471 
Metal TechnologiesBloomfieldINJun. 2019— (11)277 9,552 — — 9,829 1,626 
Encompass HealthBirminghamALJun. 2019— (11)1,746 55,568 — — 57,314 7,761 
HeatcraftTiftonGAJun. 2019— (11)346 9,064 — — 9,410 1,269 
F-63
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
CF Sauer SLBMauldinSCAug. 2019— (17)40 343 — — 383 55 
CF Sauer SLBMauldinSCAug. 2019— (17)232 15,488 — — 15,720 2,243 
CF Sauer SLBMauldinSCAug. 2019— (17)348 4,747 — — 5,095 840 
CF Sauer SLBMauldinSCAug. 2019— (17)190 9,488 — — 9,678 1,371 
CF Sauer SLBOrlandoFLAug. 2019— (17)237 351 — — 588 68 
CF Sauer SLBSan Luis ObispoCAAug. 2019— (17)2,201 12,884 — — 15,085 1,937 
SWECOFlorenceKYSep. 2019— 2,080 21,924 — — 24,004 3,561 
Viavi SolutionsSanta RosaCASep. 2019— 3,061 5,929 — 2,358 11,348 1,513 
Viavi SolutionsSanta RosaCASep. 2019— 3,073 7,130 — 2,171 12,374 1,654 
Faurecia Auburn HillsMIDec. 2019— 3,310 38,278 — 2,055 43,643 6,387 
PlasmaGarlandTXDec. 2019— 595 2,421 — — 3,016 397 
PlasmaEl PasoTXDec. 2019— 72 2,478 — — 2,550 317 
PlasmaBradentonFLDec. 2019— 185 3,747 — — 3,932 507 
PlasmaHickoryNCDec. 2019— 494 3,702 — — 4,196 522 
PlasmaLake CharlesLADec. 2019— 301 1,730 — — 2,031 258 
PlasmaMissionTXDec. 2019— 275 1,735 — — 2,010 249 
PlasmaMeridianMSDec. 2019— 203 2,965 — — 3,168 422 
PlasmaPeoriaILDec. 2019— 206 2,578 — — 2,784 348 
WhirlpoolClevelandTNDec. 2019— 2,230 20,923 — — 23,153 3,125 
WhirlpoolClydeOHDec. 2019— 1,641 20,072 — — 21,713 2,915 
WhirlpoolClydeOHDec. 2019— 3,559 17,283 — — 20,842 2,944 
WhirlpoolFindlayOHDec. 2019— 1,344 22,624 — — 23,968 3,086 
WhirlpoolMarionOHDec. 2019— 1,876 27,850 — — 29,726 3,844 
WhirlpoolOttawaOHDec. 2019— 3,155 19,919 — 23,628 46,702 5,103 
FedExBathurstCanadaDec. 2019— 35 1,997 — — 2,032 400 
FedExWoodstockCanadaDec. 2019— 389 3,494 — — 3,883 592 
NSA IndustriesFranklinNHDec. 2019— 237 7,968 (3)6,006 14,208 1,734 
ViaviSanta RosaCAJan. 2020— 3,209 4,203 — 1,482 8,894 1,093 
CSTKSt. LouisMOFeb. 2020— (17)3,405 8,155 — — 11,560 1,386 
Metal TechnologiesBloomfieldINFeb. 2020— 167 1,034 — — 1,201 174 
WhirlpoolFabrianoITAFeb. 2020— 223 5,271 — — 5,494 647 
WhirlpoolFabrianoITAFeb. 2020— 2,603 15,067 — — 17,670 2,021 
FedExMonctonCanadaMar. 2020— 275 2,740 — — 3,015 422 
Klaussner AsheboroNCMar. 2020— 4,102 10,420 — — 14,522 1,433 
Klaussner CandorNCMar. 2020— 1,705 9,528 (228)(1,153)9,852 1,175 
PlasmaDanvilleVAMay. 2020— 434 2,209 — — 2,643 299 
F-64
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
PlasmaDes MoinesIAMay. 2020— 254 2,827 — — 3,081 350 
PlasmaYoungstownOHMay. 2020— 41 4,600 — — 4,641 543 
PlasmaDaytonOHMay. 2020— 61 1,796 — — 1,857 219 
Klaussner AsheboroNCJun. 2020— 2,438 3,025 — — 5,463 359 
NSA IndustriesFranklinNHJun. 2020— 161 2,857 — — 3,018 414 
Johnson Controls ManchesterUnited KingdomSep. 2020— — 9,923 — — 9,923 1,131 
Johnson Controls ManchesterUnited KingdomSep. 2020— — 1,389 — — 1,389 189 
Broadridge Financial SolutionsEl Dorado HillsCANov. 2020— 5,524 47,050 — — 52,574 5,366 
Broadridge Financial SolutionsKansas CityMONov. 2020— 5,731 27,736 — — 33,467 3,088 
Broadridge Financial SolutionsSouth WindsorCTNov. 2020— 6,473 32,490 — — 38,963 3,974 
Broadridge Financial SolutionsFalconerNYNov. 2020— 355 16,492 — — 16,847 1,794 
ZF Active Safety FindlayOHDec. 2020— (17)1,231 21,410 — — 22,641 2,374 
Johnson Controls Montigny-Le-BretonneuxFranceDec. 2020— 1,014 2,669 — — 3,683 284 
FCA USADetroitMIDec. 2020— (17)5,125 95,485 973 564 102,147 10,299 
Momentum Manufacturing GroupAmherstNHApr. 2021— 498 5,233 — — 5,731 559 
Cameron InternationalPearsallTXApr. 2021— 298 6,356 — — 6,654 765 
McLarenWokingUnited KingdomApr. 2021— 12,629 129,932 — — 142,561 12,354 
McLarenWokingUnited KingdomApr. 2021— 8,942 52,419 — — 61,361 5,215 
Trafalgar Court St. Peter PortChannel IslandsSep. 2021— 11,271 53,838 — 81 65,190 4,523 
Walmart Inc.BentonvilleAROct. 2021— 4,358 33,231 — — 37,589 3,014 
Pilot Point SteelHallettsvilleTXOct. 2021— 386 3,085 — — 3,471 406 
Pilot Point SteelPilot PointTXOct. 2021— 854 7,184 — — 8,038 738 
Promess IncorporatedBrightonMIDec. 2021— 299 6,170 — — 6,469 513 
Promess IncorporatedBrightonMIDec. 2021— 278 1,824 — — 2,102 170 
Promess IncorporatedBrightonMIDec. 2021— 288 1,758 — — 2,046 152 
Thetford CorporationAnn ArborMIDec. 2021— 1,353 8,197 — — 9,550 755 
Thetford CorporationDexterMIDec. 2021— 3,307 10,248 — — 13,555 927 
Thetford CorporationMishawakaINDec. 2021— 616 4,659 — — 5,275 425 
PFB America CorporationBlissfieldMIDec. 2021— 219 2,121 — — 2,340 206 
PFB America CorporationBlissfieldMIDec. 2021— 118 651 — — 769 60 
PFB America CorporationLebanonOHDec. 2021— 398 4,718 — — 5,116 392 
PFB America CorporationLester PrairieMNDec. 2021— 448 5,817 — — 6,265 491 
Plasti-Fab LtdCrossfieldCanadaDec. 2021— 800 5,154 — — 5,954 442 
Plasti-Fab LtdCrossfieldCanadaDec. 2021— 2,079 4,277 — — 6,356 393 
Plasti-Fab LtdKitchenerCanadaDec. 2021— 2,885 6,687 — — 9,572 532 
Plasti-Fab LtdWinnipegCanadaDec. 2021— 959 315 — — 1,274 33 
F-65
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Thetford CorporationEtten-LeurNetherlandsDec. 2021— 3,617 14,688 — — 18,305 1,264 
Executive Mailing ServicePalos HillsILApr. 2022— 2,061 9,339 (566)(2,992)7,842 44 
Caledonia HouseGlasgowUnited KingdomMay. 2022— 1,507 11,261 — — 12,768 797 
Momentum Manufacturing GroupGeorgetownMAJun. 2022— 610 5,349 — — 5,959 358 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.CoventryUnited KingdomJan. 2023— — 3,340 — — 3,340 160 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.StortfordUnited KingdomJan. 2023— 468 1,680 — — 2,148 80 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.`United KingdomJan. 2023— 816 2,793 — — 3,609 134 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.SouthhamptonUnited KingdomJan. 2023— 1,663 3,709 — — 5,372 179 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.PooleUnited KingdomJan. 2023— — 4,435 — — 4,435 213 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.TauntonUnited KingdomJan. 2023— 499 3,355 — — 3,854 162 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.GlouchesterUnited KingdomJan. 2023— 363 5,344 — — 5,707 258 
Wallgreens Boots Alliance Inc.Tunbrdige WellsUnited KingdomJan. 2023— 1,027 5,926 — — 6,953 284 
Dollar General IMissionTXSep. 2023(13)250 654 — — 904 26 
Dollar General ISullivanMOSep. 2023(13)260 663 — — 923 26 
Walgreens IPine BluffARSep. 2023(12)840 2,014 — — 2,854 79 
Dollar General IIBogalusaLASep. 2023(13)280 688 — — 968 27 
Dollar General IIDonaldsonvilleLASep. 2023(13)260 614 — — 874 24 
AutoZone ICut OffLASep. 2023(13)330 858 — — 1,188 34 
Dollar General IIIAthensMISep. 2023(13)250 654 — — 904 26 
Dollar General IIIFowlerMISep. 2023(13)260 651 — — 911 26 
Dollar General IIIHudsonMISep. 2023(13)270 671 — — 941 26 
Dollar General IIIMuskegonMISep. 2023(13)290 620 — — 910 25 
Dollar General IIIReeseMISep. 2023(13)260 650 — — 910 26 
BSFS IFort MyersFLSep. 2023(13)800 2,255 — — 3,055 87 
Dollar General IVBainbridgeGASep. 2023(13)250 559 — — 809 22 
Dollar General IVVanleerTNSep. 2023(13)230 552 — — 782 22 
Tractor Supply IVernonCTSep. 2023(13)950 3,016 — — 3,966 117 
Dollar General VMerauxLASep. 2023(13)520 1,326 — — 1,846 52 
Mattress Firm ITallahasseeFLSep. 2023510 1,355 — — 1,865 53 
Lowe's IFayettevilleNCSep. 2023(13)— 10,178 — — 10,178 383 
Lowe's IMaconGASep. 2023(13)— 12,230 — — 12,230 459 
Lowe's INew BernNCSep. 2023(13)3,050 6,794 — — 9,844 275 
Lowe's IRocky MountNCSep. 2023(13)3,260 7,390 — — 10,650 297 
O'Reilly Auto Parts IManitowocWISep. 2023(13)220 631 — — 851 26 
Food Lion ICharlotteNCSep. 2023(13)1,660 5,890 — — 7,550 229 
Lowe's IAikenSCSep. 2023(13)— 6,963 — — 6,963 272 
Dollar General VIIGasburgVASep. 2023(13)270 717 — — 987 28 
F-66
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Dollar General VINatalbanyLASep. 2023(13)320 844 — — 1,164 33 
Walgreens IITuckerGASep. 2023(13)— 3,963 — — 3,963 147 
Family Dollar IIIChallisIDSep. 2023(13)280 663 — — 943 26 
Chili's ILake JacksonTXSep. 2023(13)600 1,586 — — 2,186 62 
Chili's IVictoriaTXSep. 2023(13)680 1,703 — — 2,383 67 
CVS IAnnistonALSep. 2023(13)580 1,621 — — 2,201 63 
Tire Kingdom ILake WalesFLSep. 2023(13)510 1,417 — — 1,927 55 
AutoZone IITempleGASep. 2023(13)370 814 — — 1,184 33 
Dollar General VIIIStanleytownVASep. 2023(13)300 833 — — 1,133 33 
Fresenius IMontevalloALSep. 2023(13)580 1,425 — — 2,005 56 
Dollar General IXMabelvaleARSep. 2023(13)200 519 — — 719 20 
Advance Auto IAngolaINSep. 2023(13)170 370 — — 540 15 
Arby's IHernandoMSSep. 2023(13)600 1,485 — — 2,085 58 
CVS IIHolyokeMASep. 2023(13)— 5,188 — — 5,188 191 
Walgreens IIILansingMISep. 2023(13)1,070 2,917 — — 3,987 114 
Walgreens IVBeaumontTXSep. 2023(13)620 1,618 — — 2,238 63 
Dollar General XGreenwell SpringsLASep. 2023(13)250 793 — — 1,043 31 
Home Depot IBirminghamALSep. 2023(13)9,800 27,391 — — 37,191 1,158 
Home Depot IValdostaGASep. 2023(13)9,250 24,191 — — 33,441 1,030 
New Breed Logistics IHanahanSCSep. 2023(13)5,560 10,822 — — 16,382 493 
Truist Bank IAtlantaGASep. 2023(13)420 1,128 — — 1,548 44 
Truist Bank IFort PierceFLSep. 2023(13)540 1,370 — — 1,910 54 
Truist Bank INashvilleTNSep. 2023(13)210 543 — — 753 21 
Truist Bank INew MarketVASep. 2023(13)320 830 — — 1,150 33 
Truist Bank INew Smyrna BeachFLSep. 2023(13)890 2,324 — — 3,214 91 
Truist Bank IOak RidgeTNSep. 2023(13)430 1,172 — — 1,602 46 
Truist Bank IOrlandoFLSep. 2023(13)590 1,603 — — 2,193 63 
Truist Bank IOrlandoFLSep. 2023(13)890 2,324 — — 3,214 91 
Truist Bank ISavannahTNSep. 2023(13)380 1,033 — — 1,413 40 
Truist Bank ISummerfieldNCSep. 2023(13)190 540 — — 730 21 
Truist Bank IThomsonGASep. 2023(13)360 953 — — 1,313 37 
Truist Bank IVintonVASep. 2023(13)120 324 — — 444 13 
Truist Bank IWashingtonDCSep. 2023(13)730 1,902 — — 2,632 74 
Truist Bank IWaycrossGASep. 2023(13)420 1,126 — — 1,546 44 
Truist Bank IWaynesvilleNCSep. 2023(13)260 702 — — 962 27 
Circle K IAledoILSep. 2023(13)450 1,475 — — 1,925 57 
F-67
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Circle K IBedfordOHSep. 2023(13)310 950 — — 1,260 37 
Circle K IBloomingtonILSep. 2023(13)210 682 — — 892 26 
Circle K IBloomingtonILSep. 2023(13)190 627 — — 817 24 
Circle K IBurlingtonIASep. 2023(13)160 517 — — 677 20 
Circle K IChampaignILSep. 2023(13)195 635 — — 830 25 
Circle K IClintonIASep. 2023(13)240 765 — — 1,005 30 
Circle K IGalesburgILSep. 2023(13)250 826 — — 1,076 32 
Circle K IJacksonvilleILSep. 2023(13)170 545 — — 715 21 
Circle K IJacksonvilleILSep. 2023(13)130 410 — — 540 16 
Circle K ILafayetteINSep. 2023(13)250 784 — — 1,034 30 
Circle K IMattoonILSep. 2023(13)370 1,202 — — 1,572 46 
Circle K IMortonILSep. 2023(13)180 611 — — 791 24 
Circle K IMuscatineIASep. 2023(13)230 755 — — 985 29 
Circle K IParisILSep. 2023(13)260 845 — — 1,105 33 
Circle K IStauntonILSep. 2023(13)510 1,593 — — 2,103 62 
Circle K IStreetsboroOHSep. 2023(13)240 730 — — 970 28 
Circle K IVandaliaILSep. 2023(13)330 1,031 — — 1,361 40 
Circle K IVirdenILSep. 2023(13)340 1,024 — — 1,364 40 
Walgreens VIGilletteWYSep. 2023(13)920 2,336 — — 3,256 91 
Walgreens VOklahoma CityOKSep. 2023(13)1,120 3,162 — — 4,282 123 
1st Constitution Bancorp IHightstownNJSep. 2023(13)430 1,131 — — 1,561 44 
FedEx Ground IWatertownSDSep. 2023(13)780 1,755 — — 2,535 76 
Krystal IChattanoogaTNSep. 2023(12)280 689 — — 969 27 
Krystal IClevelandTNSep. 2023(12)380 1,084 — — 1,464 42 
Krystal IColumbusGASep. 2023(12)400 1,009 — — 1,409 40 
Krystal IFt. OglethorpeGASep. 2023(12)250 711 — — 961 28 
Krystal IJacksonvilleFLSep. 2023(12)360 898 — — 1,258 35 
O'Charley's ICorydonINSep. 2023(13)384 1,016 — — 1,400 8 
Walgreens VIIAltonILSep. 2023(13)1,150 2,980 — — 4,130 116 
Walgreens VIIFlorissantMOSep. 2023(13)460 1,239 — — 1,699 48 
Walgreens VIIFlorissantMOSep. 2023(13)470 1,255 — — 1,725 49 
Walgreens VIIMahometILSep. 2023(13)1,130 2,797 — — 3,927 110 
Walgreens VIIMonroeMISep. 2023(13)900 2,532 — — 3,432 98 
Walgreens VIISpringfieldILSep. 2023(13)1,080 2,846 — — 3,926 111 
Walgreens VIISt LouisMOSep. 2023(13)750 1,960 — — 2,710 76 
Walgreens VIIWashingtonILSep. 2023(13)930 2,514 — — 3,444 98 
F-68
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Tractor Supply IIHoughtonMISep. 2023(13)400 1,061 — — 1,461 42 
National Tire & Battery IIMundeleinILSep. 2023— 3,549 — — 3,549 131 
Tractor Supply IIIHarlanKYSep. 2023(13)680 2,080 — — 2,760 81 
Mattress Firm IIKnoxvilleTNSep. 2023(13)300 767 — — 1,067 30 
Dollar General XIGreenvilleMSSep. 2023(13)240 652 — — 892 26 
Talecris Plasma Resources IEagle PassTXSep. 2023(13)810 1,991 — — 2,801 79 
Dollar General XIILe CenterMNSep. 2023(13)260 574 — — 834 23 
Advance Auto IIBunnellFLSep. 2023(13)380 956 — — 1,336 38 
Advance Auto IIWashingtonGASep. 2023(13)250 616 — — 866 24 
Dollar General XIIIVidorTXSep. 2023(13)230 521 — — 751 21 
FedEx Ground IILelandMSSep. 2023(13)1,170 2,660 — — 3,830 117 
Burger King IAlgonquinILSep. 2023(13)490 1,314 — — 1,804 52 
Burger King IAntiochILSep. 2023(13)380 882 — — 1,262 35 
Burger King IAustintownOHSep. 2023(13)470 943 — — 1,413 38 
Burger King IBeavercreekOHSep. 2023(13)370 752 — — 1,122 30 
Burger King ICelinaOHSep. 2023(13)360 890 — — 1,250 35 
Burger King IChesterlandOHSep. 2023(13)310 720 — — 1,030 28 
Burger King IColumbianaOHSep. 2023(13)460 1,015 — — 1,475 40 
Burger King ICortlandOHSep. 2023(13)370 760 — — 1,130 31 
Burger King IFairbornOHSep. 2023(13)440 1,148 — — 1,588 45 
Burger King IGirardOHSep. 2023(13)530 1,186 — — 1,716 47 
Burger King IGrayslakeILSep. 2023(13)340 797 — — 1,137 32 
Burger King IGreenvilleOHSep. 2023(13)400 1,001 — — 1,401 39 
Burger King IGurneeILSep. 2023(13)570 1,437 — — 2,007 57 
Burger King IMadisonOHSep. 202395 — — — 95 — 
Burger King IMcHenryILSep. 2023(13)330 870 — — 1,200 34 
Burger King IMentorOHSep. 2023(13)310 684 — — 994 27 
Burger King INilesOHSep. 2023(13)480 1,061 — — 1,541 42 
Burger King INorth FayettePASep. 2023(13)600 1,306 — — 1,906 52 
Burger King INorth RoyaltonOHSep. 2023(13)440 1,235 — — 1,675 49 
Burger King INorth VersaillesPASep. 2023(13)700 1,567 — — 2,267 62 
Burger King IPolandOHSep. 2023(13)340 742 — — 1,082 29 
Burger King IRavennaOHSep. 2023(13)500 1,084 — — 1,584 43 
Burger King IRound Lake BeachILSep. 2023(13)730 1,770 — — 2,500 70 
Burger King ISalemOHSep. 2023(13)550 1,247 — — 1,797 49 
Burger King ITrotwoodOHSep. 2023(13)330 882 — — 1,212 35 
F-69
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Burger King ITwinsburgOHSep. 2023(13)420 911 — — 1,331 36 
Burger King IWaukeganILSep. 2023(13)380 926 — — 1,306 37 
Burger King IYoungstownOHSep. 2023(13)450 1,215 — — 1,665 48 
Burger King IYoungstownOHSep. 2023(13)570 1,220 — — 1,790 49 
Burger King IYoungstownOHSep. 2023(13)570 1,311 — — 1,881 52 
Burger King IYoungstownOHSep. 2023(13)370 854 — — 1,224 34 
Dollar General XIVFort SmithARSep. 2023(13)300 781 — — 1,081 31 
Dollar General XIVHot SpringsARSep. 2023(13)300 780 — — 1,080 31 
Dollar General XIVRoyalARSep. 2023(13)250 614 — — 864 24 
Dollar General XVWilsonNYSep. 2023(13)290 758 — — 1,048 30 
Mattress Firm IMcDonoughGASep. 2023390 1,013 — — 1,403 40 
Dollar General XVILaFolletteTNSep. 2023(13)220 571 — — 791 22 
Family Dollar VCarrolltonMOSep. 2023(13)260 542 — — 802 22 
Family Dollar VIWaldenCOSep. 2023(13)220 590 — — 810 21 
Mattress Firm IIIValdostaGASep. 2023420 1,121 — — 1,541 44 
Arby's IIVirginiaMNSep. 2023(13)320 767 — — 1,087 30 
SAAB Sensis ISyracuseNYSep. 20232,970 6,874 — — 9,844 296 
Citizens Bank IDoylestownPASep. 2023(13)520 1,332 — — 1,852 52 
Citizens Bank ILansdalePASep. 2023(13)420 1,006 — — 1,426 40 
Citizens Bank ILimaPASep. 2023(13)710 1,791 — — 2,501 70 
Citizens Bank IPhiladelphiaPASep. 2023(13)450 1,145 — — 1,595 45 
Citizens Bank IPhiladelphiaPASep. 2023(13)660 1,603 — — 2,263 63 
Citizens Bank IPhiladelphiaPASep. 2023(13)710 1,955 — — 2,665 76 
Citizens Bank IPhiladelphiaPASep. 2023(13)630 1,954 — — 2,584 75 
Citizens Bank IRichboroPASep. 2023(13)420 1,080 — — 1,500 42 
Citizens Bank IWaynePASep. 2023(13)1,030 2,920 — — 3,950 113 
Truist Bank IIBushnellFLSep. 2023320 802 — — 1,122 32 
Truist Bank IIChattanoogaTNSep. 2023300 754 — — 1,054 30 
Truist Bank IIDouglasvilleGASep. 2023400 1,029 — — 1,429 40 
Truist Bank IIDuluthGASep. 2023(12)800 1,930 — — 2,730 76 
Truist Bank IIEast RidgeTNSep. 2023230 626 — — 856 25 
Truist Bank IIMauldinSCSep. 2023310 891 — — 1,201 35 
Truist Bank IIOkeechobeeFLSep. 2023460 1,274 — — 1,734 50 
Truist Bank IIPanama CityFLSep. 2023450 1,243 — — 1,693 49 
Mattress Firm IVMeridianIDSep. 2023500 1,323 — — 1,823 52 
Dollar General XIISunrise BeachMOSep. 2023(13)260 646 — — 906 25 
F-70
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
FedEx Ground IVCouncil BluffsIASep. 2023(13)1,430 3,378 — — 4,808 147 
Mattress Firm VFlorenceALSep. 2023(12)350 937 — — 1,287 37 
Mattress Firm IAikenSCSep. 2023390 1,031 — — 1,421 40 
Aaron's IEriePASep. 2023(13)240 570 — — 810 22 
AutoZone IIICaroMISep. 2023(13)280 648 — — 928 26 
Advance Auto IIITauntonMASep. 2023(13)390 991 — — 1,381 39 
Family Dollar VIIIDexterNMSep. 2023(13)300 732 — — 1,032 29 
Family Dollar VIIIHale CenterTXSep. 2023(13)260 600 — — 860 24 
Family Dollar VIIIPlainsTXSep. 2023(13)280 652 — — 932 26 
Dollar General XVIITullosLASep. 2023(13)250 682 — — 932 27 
Truist Bank IIIAthensGASep. 2023(12)300 784 — — 1,084 31 
Truist Bank IIIAvondaleMDSep. 2023(12)550 1,490 — — 2,040 58 
Truist Bank IVChambleeGASep. 2023(12)490 1,276 — — 1,766 50 
Truist Bank IIIChattanoogaTNSep. 2023(12)400 951 — — 1,351 37 
First Horizon BankCollinsvilleVASep. 2023179 509 — — 688 20 
Truist Bank IVColumbusGASep. 2023(12)570 1,408 — — 1,978 55 
Truist Bank IIIConyersGASep. 2023(12)500 1,324 — — 1,824 52 
Truist Bank IVCreedmoorNCSep. 2023100 296 — — 396 11 
Truist Bank IIIDaytona BeachFLSep. 2023520 1,390 — — 1,910 54 
First Horizon BankDurhamNCSep. 2023(12)190 484 — — 674 19 
First Horizon BankDurhamNCSep. 2023(12)340 857 — — 1,197 34 
Truist Bank IIIGainesvilleFLSep. 2023400 1,081 — — 1,481 42 
Truist Bank IIIGreenvilleSCSep. 2023(12)220 621 — — 841 24 
Truist Bank IIIGulf BreezeFLSep. 2023430 1,180 — — 1,610 46 
Truist Bank IIIInvernessFLSep. 2023520 1,484 — — 2,004 58 
Truist Bank IIILithoniaGASep. 2023280 808 — — 1,088 32 
Truist Bank IIIMaconGASep. 2023270 676 — — 946 27 
Truist Bank IVMadisonGASep. 2023400 1,016 — — 1,416 40 
Truist Bank IIIMebaneNCSep. 2023400 1,164 — — 1,564 45 
Truist Bank IIIMelbourneFLSep. 2023580 1,511 — — 2,091 59 
Truist Bank IIIMorristownTNSep. 2023(12)150 364 — — 514 14 
Truist Bank IIIMount DoraFLSep. 2023(12)570 1,570 — — 2,140 61 
Truist Bank IIIMurfreesboroTNSep. 2023(12)340 791 — — 1,131 31 
Truist Bank IVOcalaFLSep. 2023(12)620 1,493 — — 2,113 59 
Truist Bank IIIOcalaFLSep. 2023(12)400 1,006 — — 1,406 40 
First Horizon BankOnancockVASep. 2023(12)510 1,274 — — 1,784 50 
F-71
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Truist Bank IIIOrlandoFLSep. 2023540 1,459 — — 1,999 57 
Truist Bank IIIOrmond BeachFLSep. 2023680 1,706 — — 2,386 67 
Truist Bank IIIOrmond BeachFLSep. 2023(12)570 1,571 — — 2,141 61 
Truist Bank IIIOrmond BeachFLSep. 2023510 1,322 — — 1,832 52 
First Horizon BankPittsboroNCSep. 2023(12)180 423 — — 603 17 
Truist Bank IIIPompano BeachFLSep. 2023700 1,816 — — 2,516 71 
Truist Bank IVPrince FrederickMDSep. 2023(12)670 1,853 — — 2,523 72 
Truist Bank IIIRichmondVASep. 20232,386 4,614 — — 7,000 217 
Truist Bank IIIRichmondVASep. 2023(12)160 400 — — 560 16 
Truist Bank IIIRoanokeVASep. 2023(12)650 1,789 — — 2,439 70 
Truist Bank IIISavannahGASep. 2023(12)320 799 — — 1,119 31 
Truist Bank IIISignal MountainTNSep. 2023(12)220 579 — — 799 23 
Truist Bank IIISoddy DaisyTNSep. 2023(12)240 605 — — 845 24 
Truist Bank IVSpring HillFLSep. 2023(12)590 1,515 — — 2,105 59 
Truist Bank IIISt. PetersburgFLSep. 2023510 1,322 — — 1,832 52 
Truist Bank IIIStockbridgeGASep. 2023(12)390 1,002 — — 1,392 39 
Truist Bank IIIStone MountainGASep. 2023(12)440 1,151 — — 1,591 45 
First Horizon BankStuartVASep. 2023(12)430 1,209 — — 1,639 47 
Truist Bank IIISylvesterGASep. 2023270 620 — — 890 25 
Truist Bank IIIUnion CityGASep. 2023(12)220 575 — — 795 23 
First Horizon BankWinston-SalemNCSep. 2023250 693 — — 943 27 
First Horizon BankYadkinvilleNCSep. 2023(12)400 1,007 — — 1,407 40 
Dollar General XVIIIDevilleLASep. 2023(13)250 645 — — 895 25 
Mattress Firm IHollandMISep. 2023400 1,035 — — 1,435 40 
Dollar General XVIIHornbeckLASep. 2023(13)260 672 — — 932 26 
Family Dollar IXFannettsburgPASep. 2023(13)310 1,148 — 58 1,516 45 
Mattress Firm ISaginawMISep. 2023370 1,004 — — 1,374 39 
Bi-Lo IGreenvilleSCSep. 2023(12)810 2,082 — — 2,892 84 
Stop & Shop ICumberlandRISep. 2023(13)3,900 13,402 — — 17,302 517 
Stop & Shop ISicklervilleNJSep. 2023(13)3,010 9,891 — — 12,901 382 
Stop & Shop ISouthingtonCTSep. 2023(13)3,550 12,896 — — 16,446 496 
Dollar General XVIIForest HillLASep. 2023(13)240 616 — — 856 24 
Dollar General XIXChelseaOKSep. 2023(13)310 812 — — 1,122 32 
Dollar General XXBrookhavenMSSep. 2023(13)230 582 — — 812 23 
Dollar General XXColumbusMSSep. 2023(13)300 605 — — 905 24 
Dollar General XXForestMSSep. 2023(13)250 685 — — 935 27 
F-72
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Dollar General XXRolling ForkMSSep. 2023(13)310 856 — — 1,166 33 
Dollar General XXWest PointMSSep. 2023(13)260 611 — — 871 24 
Dollar General XXIHuntingtonWVSep. 2023(13)360 921 — — 1,281 36 
Dollar General XXIIWarrenINSep. 2023(13)310 737 — — 1,047 29 
FedEx Ground VSioux CityIASep. 2023(13)1,460 3,873 — — 5,333 164 
FedEx Ground VIIEagle RiverWISep. 2023(13)1,660 4,277 — — 5,937 181 
FedEx Ground VIGrand ForksNDSep. 2023(13)2,340 6,146 — — 8,486 261 
FedEx Ground VIIIMosineeWISep. 2023(13)2,230 5,942 — — 8,172 251 
Anderson StationAndersonSCSep. 2023(14)3,080 10,847 — 6 13,933 473 
Riverbend MarketplaceAshevilleNCSep. 2023(14)4,672 10,339 — — 15,011 458 
Northlake CommonsCharlotteNCSep. 20238,744 15,870 — — 24,614 667 
Shops at Rivergate SouthCharlotteNCSep. 2023(14)6,889 18,120 — — 25,009 726 
Cross Pointe CentreFayettevilleNCSep. 2023(14)6,578 12,377 — 461 19,416 493 
Parkside Shopping CenterFrankfortKYSep. 20235,640 10,427 — — 16,067 531 
Patton CreekHooverALSep. 202318,964 40,775 — — 59,739 1,786 
Southway Shopping CenterHoustonTXSep. 2023(16)6,262 7,417 — — 13,679 358 
Northpark CenterHuber HeightsOHSep. 2023(14)10,952 15,460 — — 26,412 693 
Tiffany Springs MarketCenterKansas CityMOSep. 20235,967 28,936 — — 34,903 1,269 
North Lakeland PlazaLakelandFLSep. 2023(14)3,904 8,113 — 2 12,019 330 
Best on the BoulevardLas VegasNVSep. 2023(14)6,548 16,387 — — 22,935 674 
Montecito CrossingLas VegasNVSep. 2023(14)4,941 21,357 — — 26,298 958 
Pine Ridge PlazaLawrenceKSSep. 20235,311 12,762 — — 18,073 615 
Jefferson CommonsLouisvilleKYSep. 2023(14)6,129 17,998 — — 24,127 783 
Towne Centre PlazaMesquiteTXSep. 20232,935 4,999 — — 7,934 220 
Township MarketplaceMonacaPASep. 20235,183 24,697 — 49 29,929 1,066 
Northwoods MarketplaceNorth CharlestonSCSep. 2023(16)7,341 11,862 — — 19,203 571 
Centennial PlazaOklahoma CityOKSep. 2023(14)4,741 12,436 — — 17,177 543 
Village at Quail SpringsOklahoma CityOKSep. 2023(16)3,738 4,885 — — 8,623 220 
Colonial LandingOrlandoFLSep. 2023— 22,734 — — 22,734 928 
The CentrumPinevilleNCSep. 2023(16)7,995 17,984 — — 25,979 857 
Liberty CrossingRowlettTXSep. 2023(16)3,334 9,575 — — 12,909 413 
San Pedro CrossingSan AntonioTXSep. 2023(14)9,030 25,428 — — 34,458 924 
Prairie Towne CenterSchaumburgILSep. 20234,162 10,318 — — 14,480 454 
Shops at Shelby CrossingSebringFLSep. 20234,694 20,596 — — 25,290 923 
Bison HollowTraverse CityMISep. 20231,964 12,754 — — 14,718 550 
Southroads Shopping CenterTulsaOKSep. 20237,440 61,472 — (34)68,878 2,341 
F-73
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
The Streets of West ChesterWest ChesterOHSep. 20238,686 15,567 — — 24,253 692 
Shoppes of West MelbourneWest MelbourneFLSep. 2023(14)5,064 12,092 — — 17,156 453 
Shoppes at WyomissingWyomissingPASep. 20237,427 20,911 — — 28,338 840 
Dollar General XXIIIDewittNYSep. 2023(15)330 726 — — 1,056 29 
Dollar General XXIIIFarmingtonNYSep. 2023(15)310 863 — — 1,173 34 
Dollar General XXIIIGeddesNYSep. 2023(15)290 688 — — 978 27 
Dollar General XXIIIOtegoNYSep. 2023(15)320 784 — — 1,104 31 
Dollar General XXIIIParishNYSep. 2023(15)320 713 — — 1,033 28 
Dollar General XXIIIUticaNYSep. 2023(15)310 741 — — 1,051 29 
Jo-Ann Fabrics IFreeportILSep. 2023(15)510 1,287 — — 1,797 50 
FedEx Ground IXBrainerdMNSep. 2023(15)1,100 2,581 — — 3,681 111 
Chili's IIMcHenryILSep. 2023(15)920 2,317 — — 3,237 91 
Dollar General XXIIIKingstonNYSep. 2023(15)330 908 — — 1,238 36 
Sonic Drive In IRobertsdaleALSep. 2023(15)330 851 — — 1,181 33 
Sonic Drive In ITuscaloosaALSep. 2023(15)630 1,570 — — 2,200 62 
Bridgestone HOSEpower IColumbiaSCSep. 2023(15)600 1,436 — — 2,036 57 
Bridgestone HOSEpower IElkoNVSep. 2023(15)540 1,290 — — 1,830 51 
Dollar General XXIIIKerhonksonNYSep. 2023(15)290 707 — — 997 28 
Bridgestone HOSEpower IIJacksonvilleFLSep. 2023(15)570 1,268 — — 1,838 50 
FedEx Ground XRollaMOSep. 2023(15)2,420 5,900 — — 8,320 254 
Chili's IIIMachesney ParkILSep. 2023(15)1,110 2,853 — — 3,963 111 
FedEx Ground XICasperWYSep. 2023(15)970 2,231 — — 3,201 96 
Tractor Supply IVFlandreauSDSep. 2023(15)370 1,005 — — 1,375 40 
Tractor Supply IVHazenNDSep. 2023(15)470 1,399 — — 1,869 55 
Circle K IIHarlingenTXSep. 2023(12)210 676 — — 886 29 
Circle K IILaredoTXSep. 2023(12)320 1,038 — — 1,358 44 
Circle K IILaredoTXSep. 2023(12)300 1,000 — — 1,300 42 
Circle K IILaredoTXSep. 2023(12)110 324 — — 434 14 
Circle K IIRio GrandeTXSep. 2023(12)280 907 — — 1,187 38 
Circle K IIWeslacoTXSep. 2023(12)250 808 — — 1,058 34 
Sonic Drive In IIBiloxiMSSep. 2023(12)290 770 — — 1,060 30 
Sonic Drive In IICollinsMSSep. 2023(12)360 940 — — 1,300 37 
Sonic Drive In IIEllisvilleMSSep. 2023(12)390 1,020 — — 1,410 40 
Sonic Drive In IIGulfportMSSep. 2023(12)320 754 — — 1,074 30 
Sonic Drive In IIGulfportMSSep. 2023(12)240 647 — — 887 25 
Sonic Drive In IIGulfportMSSep. 2023(12)280 734 — — 1,014 29 
F-74
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Sonic Drive In IIHattiesburgMSSep. 2023(12)330 847 — — 1,177 33 
Sonic Drive In IILithiaFLSep. 2023(12)240 628 — — 868 25 
Sonic Drive In IILong BeachMSSep. 2023(12)310 783 — — 1,093 31 
Sonic Drive In IIMageeMSSep. 2023(12)290 788 — — 1,078 31 
Sonic Drive In IIPetalMSSep. 2023(12)350 845 — — 1,195 33 
Sonic Drive In IIPlant CityFLSep. 2023(12)230 586 — — 816 23 
Sonic Drive In IIPurvisMSSep. 2023(12)300 760 — — 1,060 30 
Sonic Drive In IIRiverviewFLSep. 2023(12)220 584 — — 804 23 
Sonic Drive In IIRiverviewFLSep. 2023(12)330 782 — — 1,112 31 
Sonic Drive In IITylertownMSSep. 2023(12)420 1,007 — — 1,427 40 
Sonic Drive In IIWauchulaFLSep. 2023(12)160 413 — — 573 16 
Sonic Drive In IIWavelandMSSep. 2023(12)270 681 — — 951 27 
Sonic Drive In IIWaynesboroMSSep. 2023(12)210 526 — — 736 21 
Sonic Drive In IIWoodvilleMSSep. 2023(12)380 1,004 — — 1,384 39 
Bridgestone HOSEpower IIISulphurLASep. 2023(15)780 1,930 — — 2,710 76 
Sonny's BBQ ITallahasseeFLSep. 2023(12)610 1,719 — — 2,329 67 
Sonny's BBQ ITallahasseeFLSep. 2023(12)690 1,794 — — 2,484 70 
Sonny's BBQ ITallahasseeFLSep. 2023(12)850 2,247 — — 3,097 88 
Mountain Express IBaldwinGASep. 2023(12)240 784 — — 1,024 33 
Mountain Express IBufordGASep. 2023(12)310 1,039 — — 1,349 44 
Mountain Express ICantonGASep. 2023(12)290 908 — — 1,198 39 
Mountain Express IChatsworthGASep. 2023(12)280 912 — — 1,192 38 
Mountain Express IDouglasvilleGASep. 2023(12)280 889 — — 1,169 38 
Mountain Express IJasperGASep. 2023(12)310 1,023 — — 1,333 43 
Mountain Express ISummervilleGASep. 2023(12)210 645 — — 855 27 
Mountain Express ITrionGASep. 2023(12)230 740 — — 970 31 
Mountain Express IWoodstockGASep. 2023(12)220 694 — — 914 29 
Kum & Go IOmahaNESep. 2023650 1,640 — — 2,290 64 
DaVita IBolivarTNSep. 2023(12)190 475 — — 665 19 
DaVita IBrownviilleTNSep. 2023(12)340 813 — — 1,153 32 
White Oak ICaseyIASep. 202360 125 — — 185 — 
White Oak IHospersIASep. 202376 160 — — 236 — 
White Oak IJeffersonIASep. 2023100 208 — — 308 — 
White Oak IMuscatineIASep. 2023153 320 — — 473 — 
White Oak INevadaIASep. 202349 98 — — 147 — 
White Oak INevadaIASep. 2023117 229 — — 346 — 
F-75
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
White Oak IOmahaNESep. 2023106 204 — — 310 — 
White Oak IOmahaNESep. 2023137 269 — — 406 — 
White Oak IWapelloIASep. 2023120 231 — — 351 — 
Mountain Express IIArleyALSep. 2023(12)160 528 — — 688 22 
Mountain Express IICullmanALSep. 2023(12)260 856 — — 1,116 36 
Mountain Express IIEvaALSep. 2023(12)160 531 — — 691 22 
Mountain Express IIGood HopeALSep. 2023(12)270 927 — — 1,197 39 
Mountain Express IIHuntsvilleALSep. 2023(12)340 1,087 — — 1,427 45 
Mountain Express IIHuntsvilleALSep. 2023(12)500 1,624 — — 2,124 68 
Mountain Express IIHuntsvilleALSep. 2023(12)360 1,118 — — 1,478 47 
Mountain Express IIOneontaALSep. 2023(12)250 809 — — 1,059 34 
Mountain Express IIOwens CrossALSep. 2023(12)330 999 — — 1,329 43 
Mountain Express IIPine CampbellALSep. 2023(12)160 529 — — 689 22 
Mountain Express IIRed BayALSep. 2023(12)220 706 — — 926 30 
Mountain Express IIRed BayALSep. 2023(12)110 322 — — 432 14 
Mountain Express IIRussellvilleALSep. 2023(12)160 489 — — 649 21 
Mountain Express IIVinaALSep. 2023130 421 — — 551 18 
Dialysis IGrand RapidsMISep. 2023(12)560 1,342 — — 1,902 53 
Dialysis IMichigan CityINSep. 2023(13)570 1,458 — — 2,028 57 
Dialysis IBenton HarborMISep. 2023(12)430 1,160 — — 1,590 45 
Dialysis IEast KnoxvilleTNSep. 2023(12)530 1,419 — — 1,949 56 
Children of America INew BritianPASep. 2023— — — — — — 
Children of America IWarminsterPASep. 2023— — — — — — 
Burger King IIPinevilleLASep. 2023500 1,284 — — 1,784 50 
White Oak IICouncil BluffsIASep. 202366 138 — — 204 — 
White Oak IICouncil BluffsIASep. 202366 124 — — 190 — 
White Oak IIGlenwoodIASep. 202337 65 — — 102 — 
White Oak IIMissouri ValleyIASep. 202339 77 — — 116 — 
White Oak IIRed OakIASep. 202352 124 — — 176 — 
White Oak IISioux CenterIASep. 202336 67 — — 103 — 
White Oak IISioux CityIASep. 202340 73 — — 113 — 
White Oak IISioux CityIASep. 202347 88 — — 135 — 
White Oak IISioux CityIASep. 202359 109 — — 168 — 
Taco John'sChanuteKSSep. 2023(12)230 635 — — 865 23 
Mountain Express IIICantonGASep. 2023(12)390 1,288 — — 1,678 54 
Mountain Express IIIClintonSCSep. 2023(12)280 890 — — 1,170 38 
F-76
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Mountain Express IIICorneliaGASep. 2023(12)190 595 — — 785 25 
Mountain Express IIICummingGASep. 2023(12)260 828 — — 1,088 35 
Mountain Express IIIEllijayGASep. 2023(12)380 1,205 — — 1,585 51 
Mountain Express IIIHogansvilleGASep. 2023(12)200 646 — — 846 27 
Mountain Express IIIHomerGASep. 2023(12)190 641 — — 831 27 
Mountain Express IIIMcCaysvilleGASep. 2023(12)180 574 — — 754 24 
Mountain Express IIINettletonMSSep. 2023(12)150 445 — — 595 19 
Mountain Express IIIRiverdaleGASep. 2023(12)490 1,554 — — 2,044 65 
Mountain Express IIIToccoaGASep. 2023(12)170 532 — — 702 22 
Mountain Express IIIToccoaGASep. 2023(12)190 613 — — 803 26 
Mountain Express IIIWoodstockGASep. 2023(12)420 1,377 — — 1,797 58 
Mountain Express IIIWoodstockGASep. 2023(12)550 1,823 — — 2,373 76 
Taco John'sCarrollIASep. 2023(12)240 690 — — 930 25 
Taco John'sCherokeeIASep. 2023(12)160 433 — — 593 15 
Taco John'sIndependenceMOSep. 2023(12)370 913 — — 1,283 34 
Taco John'sSt. PeterMNSep. 2023(12)220 545 — — 765 21 
White Oak IIIBonhamTXSep. 2023(12)650 1,456 — — 2,106 59 
DaVita IIHoustonTXSep. 2023(12)600 1,537 — — 2,137 60 
Pizza Hut IColumbusOHSep. 2023(12)340 867 — — 1,207 34 
Pizza Hut IColumbusOHSep. 2023(12)190 456 — — 646 18 
Pizza Hut IGastoniaNCSep. 2023(12)380 932 — — 1,312 37 
Pizza Hut INewtonNCSep. 2023(12)230 598 — — 828 23 
Pizza Hut IZanevilleOHSep. 2023(12)240 605 — — 845 24 
Little Caesars IBurtonMISep. 2023(12)440 1,098 — — 1,538 43 
Little Caesars IBurtonMISep. 2023(12)260 693 — — 953 27 
Little Caesars IDurandMISep. 2023(12)160 386 — — 546 15 
Little Caesars IFlintMISep. 2023(12)220 493 — — 713 19 
Little Caesars IFlintMISep. 2023(12)230 603 — — 833 24 
Little Caesars IFlintMISep. 2023(12)200 496 — — 696 19 
Little Caesars IFlintMISep. 2023(12)230 538 — — 768 21 
Little Caesars IFlintMISep. 2023(12)250 582 — — 832 23 
Little Caesars IFlintMISep. 2023(12)260 559 — — 819 22 
Little Caesars IFlintMISep. 2023(12)290 699 — — 989 27 
Little Caesars ISwartz CreekMISep. 2023(12)210 493 — — 703 19 
Tractor Supply VAmericusGASep. 2023(12)700 2,071 — — 2,771 81 
Tractor Supply VCadizOHSep. 2023(12)600 1,863 — — 2,463 73 
F-77
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Tractor Supply VCatalinaAZSep. 2023(12)970 2,958 — — 3,928 115 
Tractor Supply VSoroccoNMSep. 2023(12)680 2,098 — — 2,778 82 
Caliber Collision IFayettevilleNCSep. 2023(13)470 1,170 — — 1,640 46 
Caliber Collision ILutzFLSep. 2023(13)1,390 3,496 — — 4,886 138 
Caliber Collision INolansvilleTXSep. 2023(13)390 993 — — 1,383 39 
Fresenius IIICummingGASep. 2023(12)320 764 — — 1,084 30 
Fresenius IIIEnterpriseALSep. 2023(12)760 2,009 — — 2,769 79 
Pizza Hut IICherokeeOKSep. 2023(12)150 389 — — 539 15 
Pizza Hut IIDillionMTSep. 2023(12)230 560 — — 790 22 
Pizza Hut IIHennesseyOKSep. 2023(12)200 571 — — 771 22 
Pizza Hut IIHugotonKSSep. 2023(12)270 719 — — 989 28 
Pizza Hut IILiberalKSSep. 2023(12)200 710 — — 910 27 
Pizza Hut IIMeadeKSSep. 2023(12)200 502 — — 702 20 
Pizza Hut IINewcastleWYSep. 2023(12)190 573 — — 763 22 
Pizza Hut IIPolsonMTSep. 2023(12)360 799 — — 1,159 32 
Pizza Hut IIRooseveltUTSep. 2023(12)290 812 — — 1,102 32 
Pizza Hut IIShattuckOKSep. 2023(12)160 423 — — 583 17 
Pizza Hut IIWatongaOKSep. 2023(12)300 693 — — 993 27 
Mountain Express IVCabotARSep. 2023(12)190 547 — — 737 24 
Mountain Express IVCorningARSep. 2023(12)190 619 — — 809 26 
Mountain Express IVEl DoradoARSep. 2023(12)250 859 — — 1,109 36 
Mountain Express IVEl DoradoARSep. 2023(12)150 475 — — 625 20 
Mountain Express IVEl DoradoARSep. 2023(12)440 1,494 — — 1,934 63 
Mountain Express IVFordyceARSep. 2023(12)350 1,127 — — 1,477 47 
Mountain Express IVHopeARSep. 2023(12)270 873 — — 1,143 37 
Mountain Express IVSearcyARSep. 2023(12)320 996 — — 1,316 42 
Mountain Express VBufordGASep. 2023(13)400 1,210 — — 1,610 51 
Mountain Express VBufordGASep. 2023(13)380 1,190 — — 1,570 50 
Mountain Express VCantonGASep. 2023(13)370 1,165 — — 1,535 49 
Mountain Express VConyersGASep. 2023(13)440 1,389 — — 1,829 58 
Mountain Express VDahlonegaGASep. 2023(13)290 929 — — 1,219 39 
Mountain Express VElbertonGASep. 2023(13)350 1,173 — — 1,523 49 
Mountain Express VForest ParkGASep. 2023(13)380 1,200 — — 1,580 50 
Mountain Express VJonesboroGASep. 2023(13)390 1,431 — — 1,821 59 
Mountain Express VLithia SpringsGASep. 2023(13)360 1,182 — — 1,542 49 
Mountain Express VLithia SpringsGASep. 2023(13)380 1,255 — — 1,635 52 
F-78
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Mountain Express VLoganvilleGASep. 2023(13)440 1,350 — — 1,790 57 
Mountain Express VMaconGASep. 2023(13)250 831 — — 1,081 34 
Mountain Express VStockbridgeGASep. 2023(13)380 1,193 — — 1,573 50 
Fresenius IVAlexandriaLASep. 2023(12)740 1,837 — — 2,577 72 
Mountain Express VForest ParkGASep. 2023(13)380 1,267 — — 1,647 53 
Tractor Supply VNew CordellOKSep. 2023(12)580 1,759 — — 2,339 69 
Mountain Express VMaconGASep. 2023(13)340 1,125 — — 1,465 47 
Mountain Express VNorcrossGASep. 2023(13)620 1,800 — — 2,420 77 
Mountain Express VSnellvilleGASep. 2023(13)220 707 — — 927 29 
Mountain Express VCovingtonGASep. 2023(13)450 1,392 — — 1,842 59 
IMTAABaton RougeLASep. 2023(13)540 1,071 — — 1,611 44 
IMTAABridge CityTXSep. 2023(13)620 1,214 — — 1,834 50 
IMTAAGonzalesLASep. 2023(13)580 1,085 — — 1,665 45 
IMTAAGonzalesLASep. 2023(13)590 1,075 — — 1,665 45 
IMTAAKennerLASep. 2023(13)490 950 — — 1,440 39 
IMTAALake CharlesLASep. 2023(13)540 1,037 — — 1,577 43 
IMTAALake CharlesLASep. 2023(13)480 964 — — 1,444 40 
IMTAALake CharlesLASep. 2023(13)480 969 — — 1,449 40 
IMTAALake CharlesLASep. 2023(13)540 1,080 — — 1,620 45 
IMTAAOrangeTXSep. 2023(13)610 1,095 — — 1,705 46 
IMTAASt. RoseLASep. 2023(13)430 889 — — 1,319 37 
Pizza Hut IIIGarden CityKSSep. 2023(13)210 514 — — 724 20 
Pizza Hut IIIMissoulaMTSep. 2023(13)320 729 — — 1,049 29 
Pizza Hut IIISterlingCOSep. 2023(13)280 652 — — 932 26 
Fresenius VBrookhavenMSSep. 2023(13)500 1,106 — — 1,606 44 
Fresenius VCentrevilleMSSep. 2023(13)190 458 — — 648 18 
Fresenius VIChicagoILSep. 2023(13)430 1,048 — — 1,478 41 
Mountain Express VISmackoverARSep. 2023(13)400 1,366 — — 1,766 57 
Fresenius VIIAthensTXSep. 2023(13)1,320 3,122 — — 4,442 125 
Fresenius VIIIdabelOKSep. 2023(13)610 1,734 — — 2,344 67 
Fresenius VIITylerTXSep. 2023(13)490 1,191 — — 1,681 48 
Caliber Collision IIPuebloCOSep. 2023(13)680 1,747 — — 2,427 69 
Dollar General XXVBrownsvilleKYSep. 2023(13)270 662 — — 932 26 
Dollar General XXVCusterKYSep. 2023(13)200 522 — — 722 21 
Dollar General XXVElktonKYSep. 2023(13)260 448 — — 708 18 
Dollar General XXVFalls of RoughKYSep. 2023(13)230 484 — — 714 19 
F-79
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Dollar General XXVSedaliaKYSep. 2023(13)220 551 — — 771 22 
Dollar General XXIVClarksvilleIASep. 2023(13)290 733 — — 1,023 29 
Dollar General XXIVLincolnMISep. 2023(13)310 797 — — 1,107 31 
Dollar General XXIVTaborIASep. 2023(12)310 702 — — 1,012 28 
Dollar General XXIVAssumptionILSep. 2023(12)300 721 — — 1,021 28 
Dollar General XXIVCurtisMISep. 2023(13)300 732 — — 1,032 29 
Dollar General XXIVHarrisvilleMISep. 2023(12)340 838 — — 1,178 33 
Dollar General XXIVMoraMNSep. 2023(12)340 826 — — 1,166 32 
Dollar General XXIVWashburnILSep. 2023(12)290 678 — — 968 27 
DaVita IIIEl PasoTXSep. 2023(13)760 1,816 — — 2,576 72 
Dialysis IIBaltimoreMDSep. 2023(13)440 962 — — 1,402 38 
Dialysis IIBrunswickOHSep. 2023(13)720 1,847 — — 2,567 72 
Dialysis IIBurgawNCSep. 2023(13)350 863 — — 1,213 34 
Dialysis IIDetroitMISep. 2023(13)630 1,580 — — 2,210 62 
Dialysis IIElizabethtownNCSep. 2023(13)540 1,396 — — 1,936 55 
Dialysis IIGoose CreekSCSep. 2023(13)510 1,305 — — 1,815 51 
Dialysis IIGreenvilleSCSep. 2023(13)530 1,310 — — 1,840 52 
Dialysis IIJacksonTNSep. 2023(13)340 814 — — 1,154 32 
Dialysis IIKyleTXSep. 2023(13)690 1,630 — — 2,320 65 
Dialysis IILas VegasNVSep. 2023(13)1,230 3,227 — — 4,457 126 
Dialysis IILexingtonTNSep. 2023(13)320 795 — — 1,115 31 
Dialysis IIMerrillvilleINSep. 2023(13)480 1,120 — — 1,600 44 
Dialysis IINew OrleansLASep. 2023(13)490 1,122 — — 1,612 44 
Dialysis IINorth CharlestonSCSep. 2023(13)510 1,323 — — 1,833 52 
Dialysis IIParmaOHSep. 2023(13)400 1,013 — — 1,413 47 
Dialysis IIRocky RiverOHSep. 2023(13)570 1,476 — — 2,046 58 
Dialysis IISeguinTXSep. 2023(13)490 1,273 — — 1,763 50 
Dialysis IIShallotteNCSep. 2023(13)350 870 — — 1,220 34 
Dialysis IISpartanburgSCSep. 2023(13)380 843 — — 1,223 34 
Dialysis IIAlbuquerqueNMSep. 2023(13)730 1,481 — — 2,211 55 
Dialysis IIAnchorageAKSep. 2023(13)1,130 2,851 — — 3,981 112 
Dialysis IIAnnistonALSep. 2023(13)940 2,172 — — 3,112 85 
Dialysis IIDurhamNCSep. 2023(13)570 1,517 — — 2,087 59 
Dialysis IIEttersPASep. 2023(13)900 2,237 — — 3,137 88 
Dialysis IIHopkinsvilleKYSep. 2023(13)740 1,802 — — 2,542 71 
Dialysis IIMentorOHSep. 2023(13)490 1,098 — — 1,588 44 
F-80
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Dialysis IIRadcliffKYSep. 2023(13)680 1,693 — — 2,373 67 
Dialysis IIRiver ForestILSep. 2023(13)1,120 2,824 — — 3,944 111 
Dialysis IIRoanokeVASep. 2023(13)610 1,454 — — 2,064 57 
Dialysis IISalemVASep. 2023(13)570 1,375 — — 1,945 54 
Dialysis IISarasotaFLSep. 2023(13)680 1,646 — — 2,326 65 
Dialysis IISummervilleSCSep. 2023(13)550 1,353 — — 1,903 54 
Dialysis IIAndersonINSep. 2023(13)460 1,167 — — 1,627 46 
Dollar General XXIVPotomacILSep. 2023(12)310 765 — — 1,075 30 
Advance Auto IVBurlingtonWISep. 2023(13)320 815 — — 1,135 32 
Advance Auto IVGreenvilleOHSep. 2023(13)160 395 — — 555 16 
Advance Auto IVHuntingdonPASep. 2023(13)180 438 — — 618 17 
Advance Auto IVMarshfieldWISep. 2023(13)300 762 — — 1,062 30 
Advance Auto IVPiquaOHSep. 2023(13)180 427 — — 607 17 
Advance Auto IVSelmaALSep. 2023(13)180 389 — — 569 16 
Advance Auto IVTomahWISep. 2023(13)270 686 — — 956 27 
Advance Auto IVWaynesboroPASep. 2023(13)240 551 — — 791 22 
Advance Auto IVWaynesburgPASep. 2023(13)210 508 — — 718 20 
Advance Auto VCedar GroveWVSep. 2023(13)200 529 — — 729 21 
Advance Auto VDanvilleWVSep. 2023(13)190 467 — — 657 18 
Advance Auto VGreenupKYSep. 2023(13)170 487 — — 657 21 
Advance Auto VHamlinWVSep. 2023(13)190 452 — — 642 18 
Advance Auto VMiltonWVSep. 2023(13)190 515 — — 705 20 
Advance Auto VMoundsvilleWVSep. 2023(13)430 1,114 — — 1,544 43 
Advance Auto VPoint PleasantWVSep. 2023(13)190 512 — — 702 20 
Advance Auto VSissonvilleWVSep. 2023(13)270 653 — — 923 26 
Advance Auto VSouth WilliamsonKYSep. 2023(13)240 722 — — 962 31 
Advance Auto VWellsburgWVSep. 2023(13)160 419 — — 579 16 
Advance Auto VWest CharlestonWVSep. 2023(13)220 569 — — 789 22 
Advance Auto IVIndianapolisINSep. 2023(13)190 464 — — 654 18 
Advance Auto IVMenomonieWISep. 2023(13)250 627 — — 877 25 
Advance Auto IVMontgomeryALSep. 2023(13)220 480 — — 700 19 
Advance Auto IVSpringfieldOHSep. 2023(13)180 427 — — 607 17 
Dollar General XXVIBrooksGASep. 2023(12)270 692 — — 962 27 
Dollar General XXVIDalevilleALSep. 2023(12)230 534 — — 764 21 
Dollar General XXVIEast BrewtonALSep. 2023(12)240 576 — — 816 23 
Dollar General XXVILaGrangeGASep. 2023(12)270 740 — — 1,010 29 
F-81
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Dollar General XXVILaGrangeGASep. 2023(12)320 801 — — 1,121 31 
Dollar General XXVIMadisonvilleTNSep. 2023(12)310 831 — — 1,141 32 
Dollar General XXVIMaryvilleTNSep. 2023(12)270 750 — — 1,020 29 
Dollar General XXVIMobileALSep. 2023(12)290 691 — — 981 27 
Dollar General XXVINewportTNSep. 2023(12)270 673 — — 943 26 
Dollar General XXVIRobertsdaleALSep. 2023(12)390 975 — — 1,365 38 
Dollar General XXVIValleyALSep. 2023(12)260 591 — — 851 23 
Dollar General XXVIWetumpkaALSep. 2023(12)320 811 — — 1,131 32 
Pizza Hut IVHarrisburgILSep. 2023(12)130 300 — — 430 12 
Advance Auto IVOconomowocWISep. 2023(13)310 776 — — 1,086 31 
IMTAA ReserveLASep. 2023(13)740 1,215 — — 1,955 52 
Pizza Hut IV SylvaNCSep. 2023(12)160 380 — — 540 15 
DaVita III HumbleTXSep. 2023520 1,255 — — 1,775 50 
American Car Center ICharlestonSCSep. 2023(12)280 685 — — 965 27 
BJ's Middleburg HeightOHSep. 2023(12)2,270 6,428 — — 8,698 341 
Mammoth AustellGASep. 2023(12)700 1,896 — — 2,596 74 
MammothDaltonGASep. 2023(12)840 2,248 — — 3,088 88 
MammothMobileALSep. 2023(12)600 1,606 — — 2,206 63 
MammothMurrayKYSep. 2023(12)1,030 2,753 — — 3,783 108 
MammothPaducahKYSep. 2023(12)630 1,663 — — 2,293 65 
MammothPaducahKYSep. 2023(12)260 656 — — 916 26 
MammothSpringvilleUTSep. 2023(12)1,080 2,748 — — 3,828 108 
MammothStockbridgeGASep. 2023(12)720 1,978 — — 2,698 77 
MammothSuwaneeGASep. 2023(12)1,040 2,820 — — 3,860 110 
MammothSpanish ForkUTSep. 2023(12)1,650 4,387 — — 6,037 172 
MammothLawrencevilleGASep. 2023(12)890 2,380 — — 3,270 93 
DaVita IV FlintMISep. 2023360 809 — — 1,169 32 
GPM NilesMISep. 2023(12)220 586 — — 806 23 
GPMAllendaleMISep. 2023(12)530 1,377 — — 1,907 54 
GPMAlmaMISep. 2023(12)270 716 — — 986 28 
GPMBay CityMISep. 2023(12)270 701 — — 971 27 
GPMBig RapidsMISep. 2023(12)370 990 — — 1,360 39 
GPMBig RapidsMISep. 2023(12)280 730 — — 1,010 29 
GPMCaroMISep. 2023(12)200 450 — — 650 18 
GPMChesaningMISep. 2023(12)380 1,039 — — 1,419 41 
GPMCoopersvilleMISep. 2023(12)170 310 — — 480 13 
F-82
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
GPMEast LansingMISep. 2023(12)250 678 — — 928 26 
GPMEscanabaMISep. 2023(12)600 1,625 — — 2,225 63 
GPMEssexvilleMISep. 2023(12)80 203 — — 283 8 
GPMFlintMISep. 2023(12)240 549 — — 789 22 
GPMGrand RapidsMISep. 2023(12)220 588 — — 808 23 
GPMIoniaMISep. 2023(12)300 758 — — 1,058 30 
GPMLansingMISep. 2023(12)290 747 — — 1,037 29 
GPMLansingMISep. 2023(12)190 482 — — 672 19 
GPMLowellMISep. 2023(12)390 1,024 — — 1,414 40 
GPMMuskegonMISep. 2023(12)190 485 — — 675 19 
GPMNilesMISep. 2023(12)240 589 — — 829 23 
GPMPlainwellMISep. 2023(12)260 688 — — 948 27 
GPMPortageMISep. 2023(12)210 473 — — 683 19 
GPMSaginawMISep. 2023(12)310 813 — — 1,123 32 
GPMSault Ste MarieMISep. 2023(12)190 452 — — 642 18 
GPMSpring LakeMISep. 2023(12)460 1,193 — — 1,653 47 
GPMWalkerMISep. 2023(12)250 624 — — 874 25 
GPMWest LafayetteINSep. 2023(12)250 672 — — 922 26 
GPMWhitehallMISep. 2023(12)190 484 — — 674 19 
GPMWyomingMISep. 2023(12)290 750 — — 1,040 29 
GPMWyomingMISep. 2023(12)160 337 — — 497 14 
IMTAA IIGrand PrairieTXSep. 2023(12)850 1,533 — — 2,383 64 
IMTAA IINew OrleansLASep. 2023(12)840 1,518 — — 2,358 64 
IMTAA IIChickashaOKSep. 2023(12)870 1,444 — — 2,314 61 
IMTAA IIChickashaOKSep. 2023(12)830 1,517 — — 2,347 64 
IMTAA IIGulfportMSSep. 2023(12)490 846 — — 1,336 36 
IMTAA IIGulfportMSSep. 2023(12)720 1,352 — — 2,072 57 
Fresenius IXNewtonMSSep. 2023(12)750 1,892 — — 2,642 75 
Fresenius IXPort GibsonMSSep. 2023(12)330 780 — — 1,110 31 
IMTAA II AddisLASep. 2023(12)540 881 — — 1,421 38 
IMTAA II PicayuneMSSep. 2023(12)760 1,334 — — 2,094 56 
IMTAA II Lake CharlesLASep. 2023(12)520 983 — — 1,503 41 
IMTAA II Lake CharlesLASep. 2023(12)550 954 — — 1,504 40 
Kamla KaurAlbionILSep. 2023(12)130 321 — — 451 13 
Kamla KaurCentral CityILSep. 2023(12)750 1,905 — — 2,655 75 
Kamla KaurCisneILSep. 2023(12)340 887 — — 1,227 35 
F-83
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Kamla KaurHarrisburgILSep. 2023(12)270 669 — — 939 26 
Kamla KaurMetropolisILSep. 2023(12)340 829 — — 1,169 33 
Kamla KaurPickneyvilleILSep. 2023(12)420 1,079 — — 1,499 42 
Kamla KaurSalemILSep. 2023(12)80 208 — — 288 8 
Kamla KaurStewardsonILSep. 2023(12)130 299 — — 429 12 
Kamla KaurWayne CityILSep. 2023(12)330 831 — — 1,161 33 
Kamla KaurXeniaILSep. 2023(12)130 303 — — 433 12 
Dialysis III AndrewsSCSep. 2023(12)220 547 — — 767 22 
Dialysis IIIBatesburgSCSep. 2023(12)310 799 — — 1,109 31 
Dialysis IIIFlorenceSCSep. 2023(12)640 1,535 — — 2,175 61 
Dialysis IIIFlorenceSCSep. 2023(12)780 1,877 — — 2,657 74 
Dialysis IIIFort LawnSCSep. 2023(12)500 1,295 — — 1,795 51 
Dialysis IIIFountain InnSCSep. 2023(12)310 805 — — 1,115 31 
Dialysis IIIJohnsonvilleSCSep. 2023(12)270 620 — — 890 25 
Dialysis IIIKingstreeSCSep. 2023(12)650 1,650 — — 2,300 65 
Dialysis IIILugoffSCSep. 2023(12)310 765 — — 1,075 30 
Dialysis IIIManningSCSep. 2023(12)310 762 — — 1,072 30 
Dialysis IIIMyrtle BeachSCSep. 2023(12)530 1,422 — — 1,952 56 
National Convenience Distributors Chicopee MASep. 20234,110 8,326 — — 12,436 368 
National Convenience Distributors Chicopee MASep. 20231,630 3,496 — — 5,126 155 
National Convenience Distributors Chicopee MASep. 2023170 427 — — 597 18 
National Convenience Distributors Chicopee MASep. 20231,660 3,414 — — 5,074 153 
National Convenience Distributors Chicopee MASep. 20231,380 3,256 — — 4,636 142 
Advance Auto VI  Columbus OHSep. 2023(12)260 699 — — 959 27 
Advance Auto VI Sandusky MISep. 2023(12)290 743 — — 1,033 29 
Dollar General XXVII  Buffalo WVSep. 2023230 284 — — 514 12 
Dollar General XXVII Clendenin WVSep. 2023160 444 — — 604 18 
Dollar General XXVII Elizabeth WVSep. 2023(12)240 340 — — 580 14 
Dollar General XXVII Gassaway WVSep. 2023280 317 — — 597 13 
Dollar General XXVII Glenville WVSep. 2023(12)380 558 — — 938 23 
Dollar General XXVII Middlebourne WVSep. 2023(12)190 249 — — 439 10 
Dollar General XXVII Mt. Hope WVSep. 2023(12)170 419 — — 589 16 
Dollar General XXVII Parkersburg WVSep. 2023(12)410 540 — — 950 22 
Dollar General XXVII Parkersburg WVSep. 2023(12)390 552 — — 942 23 
Dollar General XXVII Pennsboro WVSep. 2023(12)330 507 — — 837 21 
Dollar General XXVII Point Pleasant WVSep. 2023(12)620 794 — — 1,414 33 
F-84
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Dollar General XXVII Sophia WVSep. 2023(12)340 434 — — 774 18 
Dollar General XXVII St. Mary's WVSep. 2023(12)260 297 — — 557 13 
Dollar General XXVII Sutton WVSep. 2023230 253 — — 483 11 
Dollar General XXVII Vienna WVSep. 2023(12)390 673 — — 1,063 27 
Pick N' Save  Franklin WISep. 2023(12)1,810 5,988 — — 7,798 230 
Dollar General XXVII New Haven WVSep. 2023(12)280 354 — — 634 14 
Tidal Wave I Camden SCSep. 2023(12)1,270 2,736 — — 4,006 108 
Tidal Wave I Columbus GASep. 2023(12)1,030 2,821 — — 3,851 110 
Tidal Wave I Fayetteville NCSep. 2023(12)1,040 2,812 — — 3,852 110 
Tidal Wave I Guntersville ALSep. 2023(12)1,090 2,921 — — 4,011 114 
Tidal Wave I Hinesville GASep. 2023(12)1,160 2,855 — — 4,015 112 
Tidal Wave I Macon GASep. 2023(12)1,050 2,804 — — 3,854 109 
Tidal Wave I Marietta GASep. 2023(12)880 2,975 — — 3,855 115 
Tidal Wave I Milledgeville GASep. 2023(12)1,130 2,730 — — 3,860 107 
Tidal Wave I Moultrie GASep. 2023(12)1,090 2,928 — — 4,018 114 
Tidal Wave I Overland Park KSSep. 2023(12)1,150 2,702 — — 3,852 106 
Tidal Wave I Warner Robins GASep. 2023(12)1,070 2,789 — — 3,859 109 
Imperial Reliance Coffeyville KSSep. 2023(12)315 723 — — 1,038 29 
Imperial Reliance Coffeyville KSSep. 2023(12)270 713 — — 983 28 
Aaron's II  DeRidder LASep. 2023240 755 — — 995 30 
Aaron's II Buffalo NYSep. 2023(12)230 515 — — 745 21 
Aaron's II Buffalo NYSep. 2023(12)310 363 — — 673 15 
Aaron's II East Hartford CTSep. 2023(12)240 368 — — 608 15 
Aaron's II Elmira NYSep. 2023170 374 — — 544 15 
Aaron's II Geneva NYSep. 2023150 355 — — 505 14 
Aaron's II Lawrence MASep. 2023(12)210 663 — — 873 26 
Aaron's II Presque Isle MESep. 2023230 472 — — 702 19 
Aaron's II Rutland VTSep. 2023230 453 — — 683 19 
Aaron's II Springfield MASep. 2023(12)220 517 — — 737 21 
Aaron's II Syracuse NYSep. 2023180 253 — — 433 10 
Aaron's II Syracuse NYSep. 2023170 212 — — 382 9 
Aaron's II Tonawanda NYSep. 2023(12)230 329 — — 559 14 
Aaron's II Waterbury CTSep. 2023(12)210 687 — — 897 27 
Tidal Wave I Mission KSSep. 2023(12)1,370 2,905 — — 4,275 117 
Tidal Wave I Pace FLSep. 2023(12)1,540 2,768 — — 4,308 113 
Dollar General XXVII  Matewan WVSep. 2023(12)100 227 — — 327 9 
F-85
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Aaron's II Oxford MESep. 2023290 378 — — 668 16 
Tidal Wave I Kansas City KSSep. 2023(12)1,310 3,509 — — 4,819 137 
Heritage I  Bellevue MISep. 2023(12)110 211 — — 321 9 
Heritage I Cleveland OHSep. 2023(12)150 347 — — 497 14 
Heritage I Homer MISep. 2023(12)110 255 — — 365 10 
Heritage I Louisville KYSep. 2023(12)960 2,472 — — 3,432 97 
Heritage I Marshall MISep. 2023(12)820 2,737 — — 3,557 107 
Fidelity I  Chillocothe MOSep. 2023(12)770 1,717 — — 2,487 68 
Fidelity I Columbus OHSep. 2023(12)210 313 — — 523 13 
Fidelity I Marion OHSep. 2023(12)70 143 — — 213 6 
Fidelity I Savannah GASep. 2023(12)320 420 — — 740 17 
Fidelity I Savannah GASep. 2023(12)460 1,028 — — 1,488 41 
Fidelity I Savannah GASep. 2023(12)750 1,046 — — 1,796 43 
BJ's Wholesale Club II BataviaNYSep. 2023(12)1,600 4,344 — — 5,944 172 
McCain Plaza Little RockARSep. 20239,357 18,912 — — 28,269 867 
Heritage I Battle CreekMISep. 2023(12)230 708 — — 938 28 
Plaza San Mateo AlbuquerqueNMSep. 20231,617 6,894 — 26 8,537 269 
Ventura Place AlbuquerqueNMSep. 2023(16)2,365 6,934 — — 9,299 267 
Fairlane Green Allen ParkMISep. 20231,922 9,487 — 252 11,661 466 
Melody Mountain AshlandKYSep. 2023907 6,117 — — 7,024 233 
MattressFirm & Kay Jewelers AshtabulaOHSep. 2023196 1,354 — — 1,550 53 
Beaver Creek Shopping Center BeavercreekOHSep. 20235,265 19,678 — — 24,943 738 
Shoppes of Gary Farms Bowling GreenKYSep. 20231,495 12,016 — — 13,511 489 
Fountain Square BrookfieldWISep. 20234,085 15,323 — — 19,408 609 
Carlisle Crossing CarlislePASep. 2023(16)4,919 9,955 — — 14,874 524 
Market at Clifty Crossing ColumbusINSep. 20232,473 14,343 — 149 16,965 545 
The Market at Polaris ColumbusOHSep. 20232,285 10,234 — — 12,519 424 
Darien Towne Centre DarienILSep. 20233,236 12,973 — — 16,209 507 
Derby Marketplace DerbyKSSep. 2023(16)1,755 5,364 — — 7,119 226 
Mattress Firm & Panera Bread ElyriaOHSep. 2023(16)1,336 1,483 — — 2,819 74 
Enid Crossing EnidOKSep. 2023457 2,696 — — 3,153 119 
Evergreen Marketplace Evergreen ParkILSep. 2023(16)856 5,158 — — 6,014 203 
Turfway Crossing FlorenceKYSep. 20232,655 6,993 — — 9,648 285 
FreshThyme & DSW Fort WayneINSep. 2023(16)900 3,627 — — 4,527 140 
Crosspoint Shopping Center HagerstownMDSep. 20235,311 9,812 — — 15,123 529 
Rolling Acres Lady LakeFLSep. 20234,644 19,912 — — 24,556 854 
F-86
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
Crossroads Annex LafayetteLASep. 2023(16)1,153 4,167 — — 5,320 182 
Tellico Village LoudonTNSep. 2023(16)226 4,748 — — 4,974 196 
University Marketplace MarionINSep. 20231,257 3,559 — — 4,816 156 
Pecanland Plaza MonroeLASep. 20231,640 12,192 — — 13,832 496 
Mattress Firm & Five Guys MuskegonMISep. 2023254 1,778 — — 2,032 75 
Dick's PetSmart Center OshkoshWISep. 2023719 4,640 — — 5,359 181 
Owensboro Town Center OwensboroKYSep. 2023(16)2,172 15,704 — — 17,876 619 
Plainfield Marketplace PlainfieldILSep. 20231,748 10,648 — — 12,396 425 
Crossroads Commons PloverWISep. 2023500 2,950 — — 3,450 117 
Triangle Town Place RaleighNCSep. 20233,735 23,188 — 2 26,925 774 
PetSmart & Old Navy ReynoldsburgOHSep. 2023(16)702 3,198 — — 3,900 134 
Summerfield Crossing RiverviewFLSep. 20234,807 4,563 — — 9,370 224 
Sutters Creek Rocky MountNCSep. 2023(16)1,837 1,931 — — 3,768 87 
Shoe Carnival & Buffalo Wild Wings SalinaKSSep. 2023580 1,564 — — 2,144 70 
Lord Salisbury Center SalisburyMDSep. 2023(16)2,317 7,953 — — 10,270 332 
Wallace Commons II SalisburyNCSep. 20233,074 3,837 — — 6,911 176 
Southwest Plaza SpringfieldILSep. 20237,109 12,818 — — 19,927 679 
Shoppes at Stroud Stroud TownshipPASep. 20233,021 16,205 — — 19,226 708 
Nordstrom Rack TampaFLSep. 2023(16)6,683 4,930 — — 11,613 181 
Mattress Firm & Aspen Dental ViennaWVSep. 2023503 1,907 — — 2,410 69 
Cottonwood Commons AlbuquerqueNMSep. 20235,561 19,229 — 74 24,864 793 
Target Center ColumbiaSCSep. 20233,481 5,062 — — 8,543 208 
North Lake Square GainesvilleGASep. 2023(16)2,365 15,597 — — 17,962 665 
Houma Crossing HoumaLASep. 2023(16)3,149 11,407 — — 14,556 501 
Western Crossing JacksonvilleNCSep. 20234,353 4,738 — — 9,091 205 
Lafayette Pavilion LafayetteINSep. 20236,282 34,371 — — 40,653 1,410 
Lawton Marketplace LawtonOKSep. 2023(16)3,394 19,826 — — 23,220 1,101 
Fourth Creek Landing StatesvilleNCSep. 20231,969 4,278 — — 6,247 174 
The Center at Hobbs Brook SturbridgeMASep. 20233,213 17,186 — — 20,399 769 
Almeda Crossing HoustonTXSep. 20233,819 14,133 — — 17,952 593 
Boston Commons SpringfieldMASep. 2023959 2,082 — — 3,041 113 
Walgreens HuntsvilleALSep. 2023(12)1,280 3,176 — — 4,456 125 
Terrell Mill Village MariettaGASep. 2023(16)6,591 5,884 — — 12,475 265 
Wallace Commons SalisburyNCSep. 2023(16)2,514 5,535 — — 8,049 230 
Academy Sports ValdostaGASep. 2023(12)2,650 5,494 — — 8,144 220 
F-87
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
     Initial CostsChanges Subsequent to Acquisition  
PortfolioCity U.S. State/Territory or CountryAcquisition
Date		Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 (1)LandBuilding and
Improvements		LandBuilding and
Improvements
Gross Amount at
December 31,
2023 (2)(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation (4)(5)
The Marquis WilliamsburgVASep. 20232,256 6,472 — — 8,728 257 
Albany Square AlbanyGASep. 20231,754 3,206 — — 4,960 137 
Waterford Park South ClarksvilleINSep. 2023(16)1,024 6,759 — — 7,783 301 
Coventry Crossing CoventryRISep. 20231,053 3,126 — — 4,179 150 
Fresh Market Center Glen EllynILSep. 2023948 2,535 — — 3,483 116 
Parkway Centre South Grove CityOHSep. 2023(16)4,038 15,912 — — 19,950 679 
The Ridge at Turtle Creek HattiesburgMSSep. 2023(16)1,679 6,702 — — 8,381 270 
Stoneridge Village Jefferson CityMOSep. 2023(16)958 7,274 — — 8,232 406 
Harbor Town Center ManitowocWISep. 2023(16)1,195 8,687 — — 9,882 346 
Morganton Heights MorgantonNCSep. 20233,467 25,854 — — 29,321 1,114 
Tire Kingdom & Starbucks Mt. PleasantSCSep. 20231,287 2,772 — — 4,059 107 
Walgreens & Key Bank NewburghNYSep. 2023967 5,282 — — 6,249 209 
Bed Bath Beyond Golfsmith SchaumburgILSep. 20231,172 5,942 — — 7,114 228 
Springfield Commons SpringfieldOHSep. 2023215 1,843 — — 2,058 64 
Walmart Neighborhood Market SummervilleSCSep. 2023(16)1,249 2,959 — — 4,208 159 
Imperial Reliance III Fort AtkinsonWISep. 2023460 1,036 — — 1,496 41 
Imperial Reliance III Lake MillsWISep. 2023500 1,404 — — 1,904 55 
Imperial Reliance III Lake MillsWISep. 2023680 1,092 — — 1,772 44 
Imperial Reliance III MadisonWISep. 2023680 1,498 — — 2,178 59 
Imperial Reliance III McFarlandWISep. 2023500 1,340 — — 1,840 52 
Imperial Reliance III McFarlandWISep. 2023910 1,239 — — 2,149 51 
Imperial Reliance III WaterlooWISep. 2023530 1,343 — — 1,873 53 
Imperial Reliance III DeerfieldWISep. 2023520 1,281 — — 1,801 50 
McGowin Park MobileALSep. 20238,742 32,754 — — 41,496 1,253 
Fidelity I CovingtonGASep. 20231,040 2,819 — — 3,859 111 
Fidelity II BeaufortSCSep. 2023(12)290 349 — — 639 15 
Fidelity II SavannahGASep. 2023(12)630 1,061 — — 1,691 43 
Fed ExMarionIlOct. 20234,784 43,082 — — 47,866 2,077 
Encumbrances 2,253,621 
$2,323,621 $1,173,643 $5,187,041 (1,507)$110,787 $6,469,964 $731,854 

______
(1)These are stated principal amounts at spot rates for those in local currency and excludes $90.4 million of mortgage discounts and $11.5 million of deferred financing costs.
(2)Acquired intangible lease assets allocated to individual properties in the amount of $1.1 billion are not reflected in the table above.
F-88
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part I

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
(3)The tax basis of aggregate land, buildings and improvements as of December 31, 2024 is $8.1 billion.
(4)The accumulated depreciation column excludes approximately $432.8 million of accumulated amortization associated with acquired intangible lease assets.
(5)Each of the properties has a depreciable life of: 40 years for buildings, 15 years for improvements and five years for fixtures.
(6)These properties collateralize the loan on the Finland properties of $76.9 million as of December 31, 2024.
(7)These properties collateralize the U.S. Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan I of $162.6 million as of December 31, 2024.
(8)These properties collateralize the U.S. Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan II of $32.8 million as of December 31, 2024.
(9)These properties collateralize the U.S. Multi-Tenant Mortgage Loan III of $98.5 million as of December 31, 2024.
(10)These properties collateralize the U.S. Multi-Property Loan IV of $90.1 million as of December 31, 2024.
(11)These properties collateralize the U.S. Multi-Property Loan V of $139.8 million as of December 31, 2024.
(12)These properties collateralize the Net Lease Mortgage Notes of $449.3 million as of December 31, 2024.
(13)These properties collateralize the Column Financial Notes of $463.4 million as of December 31, 2024.
(14)These properties collateralize the Mortgage Loan II of $210.0 million as of December 31, 2024.
(15)These properties collateralize the Mortgage Loan III of $33.4 million as of December 31, 2024.
(16)These properties collateralize the CMBS Loan of $260.0 million as of December 31, 2024.
(17)These properties collateralize the CMBS Loan II of $237.0 million as of December 31, 2024.

F-89
Global Net Lease, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation - Part II

December 31, 2024
(dollar amounts in thousands)
A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
December 31,
202420232022
Real estate investments, at cost: 
Balance at beginning of year$7,296,163 $3,797,474 $3,942,985 
Additions - Capital Expenditures/Acquisitions45,961 3,613,000 60,378 
Asset dispositions (including write-off of fully depreciated assets)(706,957)(97,218)(65,753)
Transfer to assets held for sale(16,232)(3,209)— 
Impairment charge(108,465)(66,672)(20,276)
Currency translation adjustment(40,506)52,788 (119,860)
Balance at end of the year$6,469,964 $7,296,163 $3,797,474 
  
Accumulated depreciation: 
Balance at beginning of year$614,851 $501,971 $431,886 
Depreciation expense176,209 121,313 96,188 
Asset dispositions/Impairment Charges (including write-off of fully depreciated assets)(37,147)(16,013)(12,491)
Transfer to assets held for sale(21)(21)— 
Currency translation adjustment(22,038)7,601 (13,612)
Balance at end of the year$731,854 $614,851 $501,971 
F-90

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