Globe Life - 10-Q quarterly report FY2022 Q3

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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to ________

Commission File Number: 001-08052

GLOBE LIFE INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						63-0780404
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3700 South Stonebridge Drive, McKinney, Texas 75070

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(972) 569-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

NONE

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share	GL	New York Stock Exchange
4.250% Junior Subordinated Debentures	GL PRD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.


Class						Outstanding at October 31, 2022
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value						97,270,229

Q3 2022 FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

Globe Life Inc.

Table of Contents


			Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
		Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies	7
		Note 2—New Accounting Standards	8
		Note 3—Supplemental Information about Changes to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	10
		Note 4—Investments	11
		Note 5—Commitments and Contingencies	23
		Note 6—Liability for Unpaid Claims	24
		Note 7—Postretirement Benefits	25
		Note 8—Earnings Per Share	27
		Note 9—Debt	28
		Note 10—Business Segments	29


		Cautionary Statements	36

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	69

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	69

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	69

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	70

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	70

	Item 6.	Exhibits	71

Signatures			72

As used in this Form 10-Q, “Globe Life,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Globe Life Inc., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1979, its subsidiaries and affiliates.

Q3 2022 FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)



	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturities—available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2022—$18,173,471; 2021—$17,805,309, allowance for credit losses: 2022— $0; 2021— $387)	$	16,005,140	$	21,305,287
Policy loans	605,426		589,634
Other long-term investments (includes: 2022—$748,219; 2021—$640,263 under the fair value option)	907,390		793,925
Short-term investments	85,773		69,145
Total investments	17,603,729		22,757,991
Cash	85,586		92,163
Accrued investment income	269,212		251,307
Other receivables	475,363		487,443
Deferred acquisition costs	5,162,172		4,914,728
Goodwill	481,791		481,791
Other assets	760,935		782,625

Total assets	$	24,838,788	$	29,768,048
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	$	16,556,827	$	16,034,727
Unearned and advance premium	64,223		65,472
Policy claims and other benefits payable	417,739		412,940
Other policyholders' funds	103,161		98,935
Total policy liabilities	17,141,950		16,612,074
Current and deferred income taxes	568,282		1,765,021
Short-term debt	434,737		479,644
Long-term debt (estimated fair value: 2022—$1,445,523; 2021—$1,667,009)	1,627,547		1,546,494
Other liabilities	704,674		722,009

Total liabilities	20,477,190		21,125,242
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 5)
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $1 per share—5,000,000 shares authorized; outstanding: 0 in 2022 and 2021	—		—
Common stock, par value $1 per share—320,000,000 shares authorized; outstanding: (2022—109,218,183 issued; 2021—109,218,183 issued)	109,218		109,218
Additional paid-in-capital	540,636		520,564
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,811,549)		2,677,583
Retained earnings	6,633,369		6,182,100
Treasury stock, at cost: (2022—12,225,433 shares; 2021—9,650,845 shares)	(1,110,076)		(846,659)
Total shareholders' equity	4,361,598		8,642,806
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	24,838,788	$	29,768,048

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue:
Life premium	$	755,115	$	728,924	$	2,269,641	$	2,165,213
Health premium	319,289		299,143		955,478		888,902
Other premium	1		—		1		1
Total premium	1,074,405		1,028,067		3,225,120		3,054,116
Net investment income	245,625		238,975		733,101		713,103
Realized gains (losses)	(29,155)		10,475		(66,845)		47,286

Other income	398		321		861		1,004
Total revenue	1,291,273		1,277,838		3,892,237		3,815,509

Benefits and expenses:
Life policyholder benefits	494,627		516,196		1,555,004		1,532,298
Health policyholder benefits	198,415		187,906		592,488		564,589
Other policyholder benefits	6,986		7,303		21,110		21,848
Total policyholder benefits	700,028		711,405		2,168,602		2,118,735

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	156,129		151,593		469,718		452,607
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	93,028		82,774		277,436		244,752
Other operating expense	88,140		80,385		262,150		240,750
Interest expense	23,965		20,886		65,737		63,833
Total benefits and expenses	1,061,290		1,047,043		3,243,643		3,120,677

Income before income taxes	229,983		230,795		648,594		694,832
Income tax benefit (expense)	(43,204)		(41,924)		(120,450)		(127,826)



Net income	$	186,779	$	188,871	$	528,144	$	567,006




Basic net income per common share	$	1.92	$	1.86	$	5.38	$	5.53




Diluted net income per common share	$	1.90	$	1.84	$	5.33	$	5.46

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	186,779	$	188,871	$	528,144	$	567,006

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Investments:
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	(1,368,910)		(95,906)		(5,704,042)		(453,917)

Other reclassification adjustments included in net income	12,142		(14,599)		30,371		(31,096)
Foreign exchange adjustment on fixed maturities recorded at fair value	2,856		(519)		4,975		4,141



Total unrealized investment gains (losses)	(1,353,912)		(111,024)		(5,668,696)		(480,872)
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	284,319		23,317		1,190,428		100,984
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax	(1,069,593)		(87,707)		(4,478,268)		(379,888)

Deferred acquisition costs:
Unrealized gains (losses) attributable to deferred acquisition costs	4,699		432		11,154		1,199
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	(988)		(91)		(2,343)		(252)
Unrealized gains (losses) attributable to deferred acquisition costs, net of tax	3,711		341		8,811		947

Foreign exchange translation:
Foreign exchange translation adjustments, other than securities	(21,379)		(6,839)		(35,220)		(1,276)
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	4,488		1,437		7,395		269
Foreign exchange translation adjustments, other than securities, net of tax	(16,891)		(5,402)		(27,825)		(1,007)

Pension:



Pension adjustments	3,438		5,198		10,316		15,598
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	(721)		(1,090)		(2,166)		(3,275)
Pension adjustments, net of tax	2,717		4,108		8,150		12,323

Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,080,056)		(88,660)		(4,489,132)		(367,625)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(893,277)	$	100,211	$	(3,960,988)	$	199,381

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	—	$	109,218	$	520,564	$	2,677,583	$	6,182,100	$	(846,659)	$	8,642,806


Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,808,088)		164,361		—		(1,643,727)
Common dividends declared ($0.2075 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,543)		—		(20,543)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(119,482)		(119,482)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,504		—		(345)		6,876		9,035
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(9,964)		35,895		25,931

Balance at March 31, 2022	—		109,218		523,068		869,495		6,315,609		(923,370)		6,894,020

Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,600,988)		177,004		—		(1,423,984)
Common dividends declared ($0.2075 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,238)		—		(20,238)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(143,939)		(143,939)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		8,448		—		—		—		8,448
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(2,419)		11,222		8,803

Balance at June 30, 2022	—		109,218		531,516		(731,493)		6,469,956		(1,056,087)		5,323,110



Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,080,056)		186,779		—		(893,277)
Common dividends declared ($0.2075 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,126)		—		(20,126)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(72,031)		(72,031)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		9,120		—		—		—		9,120
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(3,240)		18,042		14,802

Balance at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	109,218	$	540,636	$	(1,811,549)	$	6,633,369	$	(1,110,076)	$	4,361,598

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders' Equity

Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	113,218	$	527,435	$	3,029,244	$	5,874,109	$	(772,914)	$	8,771,092


Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,004,729)		178,517		—		(826,212)
Common dividends declared ($0.1975 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,435)		—		(20,435)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(132,720)		(132,720)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		(11,422)		—		1,168		18,142		7,888
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(12,807)		45,531		32,724


Balance at March 31, 2021	—		113,218		516,013		2,024,515		6,020,552		(841,961)		7,832,337

Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		725,764		199,618		—		925,382
Common dividends declared ($0.1975 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,171)		—		(20,171)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(162,864)		(162,864)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		8,634		—		—		—		8,634
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(14,033)		47,637		33,604

Balance at June 30, 2021	—		113,218		524,647		2,750,279		6,185,966		(957,188)		8,616,922



Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(88,660)		188,871		—		100,211
Common dividends declared ($0.1975 per share)	—		—		—		—		(19,981)		—		(19,981)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(97,796)		(97,796)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		9,036		—		(1,260)		—		7,776
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(335)		1,354		1,019

Balance at September 30, 2021	$	—	$	113,218	$	533,683	$	2,661,619	$	6,353,261	$	(1,053,630)	$	8,608,151

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021













Cash provided from (used for) operating activities	$	1,050,387	$	1,060,022

Cash provided from (used for) investing activities:
Investments sold or matured:
Fixed maturities available for sale—sold	346,722		91,795
Fixed maturities available for sale—matured or other redemptions	387,787		249,653
Other long-term investments	55,877		36,060
Total investments sold or matured	790,386		377,508
Acquisition of investments:
Fixed maturities—available for sale	(1,178,751)		(687,993)
Other long-term investments	(186,275)		(206,609)
Total investments acquired	(1,365,026)		(894,602)
Net (increase) decrease in policy loans	(15,792)		(1,412)
Net (increase) decrease in short-term investments	(16,628)		14,418


Additions to properties	(19,766)		(30,730)
Other investing activities	—		(59,200)
Investments in low-income housing interests	(64,023)		(35,236)
Cash provided from (used for) investing activities	(690,849)		(629,254)

Cash provided from (used for) financing activities:
Issuance of common stock	49,536		67,347
Cash dividends paid to shareholders	(60,441)		(60,068)
Repayment of debt	(150,000)		(300,000)
Proceeds from issuance of debt	250,492		325,000
Payment for debt issuance costs	(5,272)		(7,639)
Net borrowing (repayment) of commercial paper	(60,582)		(10,991)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(335,452)		(393,380)
Net receipts (payments) from deposit-type products	(66,078)		(48,276)
Cash provided from (used for) financing activities	(377,797)		(428,007)

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	11,682		(1,283)
Net increase (decrease) in cash	(6,577)		1,478
Cash at beginning of year	92,163		94,847
Cash at end of period	$	85,586	$	96,325

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies

Business: (Globe Life), (the Company), refers to Globe Life Inc., an insurance holding company incorporated in Delaware in 1979, and Globe Life Inc. subsidiaries and affiliates. Globe Life Inc.'s direct or indirect primary subsidiaries are Globe Life And Accident Insurance Company, American Income Life Insurance Company, Liberty National Life Insurance Company, Family Heritage Life Insurance Company of America, and United American Insurance Company. The underwriting companies are owned by their ultimate corporate parent, Globe Life Inc. (the Parent Company).

Globe Life provides a variety of life and supplemental health insurance products and annuities to a broad base of customers. The Company is organized into four reportable segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments.

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Globe Life have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Therefore, they do not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for annual financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial position at September 30, 2022, and the condensed consolidated results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows for the periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The interim period condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements that are included in the Form 10-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 24, 2022.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See further documentation in the significant accounting policies or the accompanying notes.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 2—New Accounting Standards

Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted

ASU No. 2018-12 / 2019-09 / 2020-11, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, with clarification guidance issued in November 2019 and 2020.

ASU 2018-12 is a significant change to the accounting and disclosure of long-duration life and health insurance contracts. The guidance was issued primarily to: 1) improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits and modify the rate used to discount future cash flows, 2) simplify and improve the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit (or account balance) contracts, 3) simplify the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, and 4) improve the effectiveness of the required disclosures.

As a result of the issuance of ASU 2020-11 in November 2020, the effective date for this standard was changed to January 1, 2023. Early adoption is available; however, the Company will not early adopt the standard and has selected the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption as of the transition date (“Transition Date”) of January 1, 2021. The modified retrospective transition method requires the amended guidance be applied to contracts issued after the beginning of the earliest period presented, or the Transition Date, which will result in the restatement of the 2021 and 2022 consolidated financial statements.

In summary, the Company continues to assess the impact the adoption will have on the consolidated financial statements and has determined it will have a significant impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). On a quarterly basis, the Company’s future policy benefits will be remeasured utilizing an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield and the effects of the change will be recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”), a component of shareholders’ equity. At least annually, the Company will update its estimate of cash flows used for establishing reserves using actual historical experience and updated future cash flow assumptions, such as mortality, morbidity, and persistency. Finally, the adoption requires changes in the future treatment of our Deferred Acquisition Cost (“DAC”) asset and is expected to result in a significant reduction to DAC amortization in the near to intermediate term.

On the Transition Date, the Company expects a decrease in AOCI due to the requirement to re-measure future policy benefits using a discount rate currently lower than what is used in valuing the future policy benefits under existing guidance. The methodology for determining current discount rates consists of constructing a discount rate curve intended to be reflective of the currency and tenor of the insurance liability cash flows. Discount rates reflect upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yields, which generally consist of single-A rated fixed income instruments. The methodology is designed to prioritize observable inputs based on market data available in the local debt markets denominated in the same currency as the policies. For the discount rates applicable to tenors for which the single-A debt market is not liquid or there is little or no observable market data, the Company will use estimation techniques consistent with the fair value guidance in ASC 820. It is important to note that the impact to AOCI is sensitive to the discount rate assumption and associated fluctuations.

On the Transition Date, using current discount rates applicable at that time, we expect the after-tax impact to AOCI to be a decrease in the range of $7.5 billion to $8.5 billion due to a $9.5 billion to $11.0 billion increase in future policy benefits. Holding all else equal but using discount rates as of September 30, 2022, the increase in future policy benefits would have been $1.2 billion to $2.0 billion. Under the new standard, the future policy benefits recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are different than those used in the determination of net income. Future policy benefits recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheets are determined using current discount rates as of the valuation date, while future policy benefits used for the determination of net income are determined using locked-in discount rates1 based on policy issue dates. On the Transition Date, two significant drivers of the increase in future policy benefits and decrease in AOCI within the Consolidated Balance Sheets are the lower level of current discount rates as compared to the locked-in discount rates used under prior guidance and the long average life of

1 Locked-in discount rates are those discount rates which are established at issue and locked-in for each year of issue for use in establishing reserves to compute net income.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

the Company’s life insurance cash flows. Another driver of the large increase in future policy benefits is the required use of the same net premium ratio2 using locked-in discount rates and current discount rates.

The new guidance requires a more granular assessment of the net premium ratio. Any blocks of business that require increases in future policy benefits to minimum levels, or that have a net premium ratio greater than 100%, will require an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (decrease). At the Transition Date, we expect a $15 million to $50 million, net of tax, decrease to opening retained earnings related to these items.

Under the new standard, the annual amortization of DAC in our Consolidated Statements of Operations will be significantly lower in the near and intermediate term due to: 1) the requirement to no longer defer renewal commissions until such year as the commissions are actually incurred, 2) the requirement to no longer accrue and amortize interest on our DAC balances, and 3) the modification of the method for amortizing DAC including the updating of assumptions. For business with deferrals of renewal commissions, as is the case with our captive agency channels, the expected amortization rate, as a percentage of premium, for certain blocks of business will no longer be level but will increase over the period of time during which commissions are deferred. The decrease in amortization in the near term will primarily impact our life insurance line of business. In total, we expect the impact on net income from the decrease in amortization to be in the range of $120 million to $145 million, net of tax, related to the restatement of prior periods. As time progresses, we expect this impact to diminish as the deferral of future renewal commissions increases amortization amounts.

Policyholder benefits, as reported in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, will be restated in 2021 and 2022 under the new guidance. It is expected to be lower in 2021 and 2022, resulting in higher net income for those respective periods than under the current guidance. Going forward, fluctuations in experience and changes in assumptions will result in changes in both future policy obligations and amortization of DAC as a percent of premium.

While the requirements of the new guidance represent a change from existing GAAP, the new guidance will not impact capital and surplus or net income under statutory accounting practices, cash flows on our policies, or the underlying economics of our business.

ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions

ASU 2022-03 adds disclosure requirements specific to equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The disclosures clarify the nature of the contractual sale as well as the duration of the restriction and the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction.

This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2024, and will be implemented on a prospective basis. Early adoption is available. The Company does not expect the standard will have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2 The net premium ratio is the ratio between the present value of benefits and the present value of gross premium.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 3—Supplemental Information about Changes to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: An analysis of the change in balance by component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income is as follows for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at July 1, 2022	$	(643,385)	$	1,682	$	8,453	$	(98,243)	$	(731,493)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(1,079,185)		3,711		(16,891)		—		(1,092,365)
Reclassifications, net of tax	9,592		—		—		2,717		12,309
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,069,593)		3,711		(16,891)		2,717		(1,080,056)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	(1,712,978)	$	5,393	$	(8,438)	$	(95,526)	$	(1,811,549)



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at July 1, 2021	$	2,883,391	$	(4,098)	$	27,697	$	(156,711)	$	2,750,279
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(76,174)		341		(5,402)		—		(81,235)
Reclassifications, net of tax	(11,533)		—		—		4,108		(7,425)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(87,707)		341		(5,402)		4,108		(88,660)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	2,795,684	$	(3,757)	$	22,295	$	(152,603)	$	2,661,619


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	2,765,290	$	(3,418)	$	19,387	$	(103,676)	$	2,677,583
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(4,502,261)		8,811		(27,825)		—		(4,521,275)
Reclassifications, net of tax	23,993		—		—		8,150		32,143
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,478,268)		8,811		(27,825)		8,150		(4,489,132)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	(1,712,978)	$	5,393	$	(8,438)	$	(95,526)	$	(1,811,549)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	3,175,572	$	(4,704)	$	23,302	$	(164,926)	$	3,029,244
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(355,322)		947		(1,007)		—		(355,382)
Reclassifications, net of tax	(24,566)		—		—		12,323		(12,243)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(379,888)		947		(1,007)		12,323		(367,625)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	2,795,684	$	(3,757)	$	22,295	$	(152,603)	$	2,661,619

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Reclassification Adjustments: Reclassification adjustments out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income are presented below for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Affected line items in the Statement of Operations
Component Line Item	2022		2021		2022		2021
Unrealized investment (gains) losses on available for sale assets:
Realized (gains) losses	$	12,256	$	(16,269)	$	29,741	$	(35,925)	Realized (gains) losses

Amortization of (discount) premium	(114)		1,670		630		4,829		Net investment income
Total before tax	12,142		(14,599)		30,371		(31,096)
Tax	(2,550)		3,066		(6,378)		6,530		Income taxes
Total after-tax	9,592		(11,533)		23,993		(24,566)
Pension adjustments:
Amortization of prior service cost	158		158		474		474		Other operating expense
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss	3,280		5,040		9,842		15,124		Other operating expense
Total before tax	3,438		5,198		10,316		15,598
Tax	(721)		(1,090)		(2,166)		(3,275)		Income taxes
Total after-tax	2,717		4,108		8,150		12,323
Total reclassification (after-tax)	$	12,309	$	(7,425)	$	32,143	$	(12,243)

Note 4—Investments

Portfolio Composition: Summaries of fixed maturities available for sale by amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows. Redeemable preferred stock is included within "Corporates, by sector."


	At September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value(1)		% of Total Fixed Maturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	389,357	$	—	$	2	$	(36,510)	$	352,849	2
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	2,739,017		—		24,724		(598,476)		2,165,265		14
Foreign governments	50,144		—		42		(10,277)		39,909		—
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	4,818,454		—		49,913		(552,378)		4,315,989		27
Utilities	1,906,747		—		30,252		(144,762)		1,792,237		11
Energy	1,466,551		—		14,281		(135,922)		1,344,910		8
Other corporate sectors	6,677,566		—		49,208		(866,795)		5,859,979		37
Total corporates	14,869,318		—		143,654		(1,699,857)		13,313,115		83
Collateralized debt obligations	36,721		—		13,874		—		50,595		—
Other asset-backed securities	88,914		—		5		(5,512)		83,407		1
Total fixed maturities	$	18,173,471	$	—	$	182,301	$	(2,350,632)	$	16,005,140	100

(1)Amount reported in the balance sheet.

(2)At fair value.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	At December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value(1)		% of Total Fixed Maturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	383,083	$	—	$	64,513	$	(164)	$	447,432	2
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	2,252,997		—		239,135		(2,907)		2,489,225		12
Foreign governments	59,861		—		900		(5,132)		55,629		—
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	4,569,160		(387)		907,741		(9,349)		5,467,165		26
Utilities	1,931,391		—		490,119		(1,012)		2,420,498		11
Energy	1,587,892		—		346,780		(1,683)		1,932,989		9
Other corporate sectors	6,879,459		—		1,454,464		(13,362)		8,320,561		39
Total corporates	14,967,902		(387)		3,199,104		(25,406)		18,141,213		85
Collateralized debt obligations	36,468		—		27,037		—		63,505		—
Other asset-backed securities	104,998		—		3,715		(430)		108,283		1
Total fixed maturities	$	17,805,309	$	(387)	$	3,534,404	$	(34,039)	$	21,305,287	100

(1)Amount reported in the balance sheet.

(2)At fair value.

A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at September 30, 2022, is shown below on an amortized cost basis, net of allowance for credit losses, and on a fair value basis. Actual disposition dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions.


	At September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost, net		Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Due in one year or less	$	162,473	$	163,087
Due after one year through five years	1,020,894		1,021,499
Due after five years through ten years	1,716,490		1,695,969
Due after ten years through twenty years	7,477,686		6,932,181
Due after twenty years	7,670,293		6,058,402
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities	125,635		134,002
	$	18,173,471	$	16,005,140

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Analysis of Investment Operations: "Net investment income" for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		% Change	2022		2021		% Change
Fixed maturities available for sale	$	227,673	$	223,287	2	$	679,710	$	668,284	2
Policy loans	11,716		11,376		3	34,724		33,968		2
Other long-term investments(1)	10,933		9,390		16	34,349		26,432		30
Short-term investments	969		10			1,093		20
	251,291		244,063		3	749,876		728,704		3
Less investment expense	(5,666)		(5,088)		11	(16,775)		(15,601)		8
Net investment income	$	245,625	$	238,975	3	$	733,101	$	713,103	3

(1)For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $8.4 million and $7.1 million of distributions, respectively, in net investment income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $27.7 million and $19.4 million of distributions, respectively, in net investment income. Refer to Other Long-Term Investments below for further discussion on the investment funds.

Selected information about sales of fixed maturities available for sale is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Proceeds from sales(1)	$	127,695	$	17,085	$	346,722	$	91,795
Gross realized gains	165		304		938		1,438
Gross realized losses	(11,537)		—		(56,384)		(12,101)

(1)There were no unsettled sales in the periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

An analysis of "Realized gains (losses)" is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Realized investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Sales and other(1)	$	(12,256)	$	16,269	$	(30,128)	$	32,578

Provision for credit losses	—		—		387		3,346
Fair value option—change in fair value	(11,551)		1,585		(15,942)		14,013
Other investments	(5,348)		1,935		(21,162)		6,663
Realized gains (losses) from investments	(29,155)		19,789		(66,845)		56,600
Realized loss on redemption of debt	—		(9,314)		—		(9,314)
Total realized gains (losses)	(29,155)		10,475		(66,845)		47,286
Applicable tax	6,122		(2,200)		14,037		(9,930)
Realized gains (losses), net of tax	$	(23,033)	$	8,275	$	(52,808)	$	37,356

(1)During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $22.1 million and $0 of exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $0 and $0, respectively, in realized gains (losses). During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $24.0 million and $108.3 million of exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $0 and $25.2 million, respectively, in realized gains (losses).

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Fair Value Measurements: The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


	Fair Value Measurement at September 30, 2022 Using:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	—		$	352,849		$	—		$	352,849
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	—			2,165,265			—			2,165,265
Foreign governments	—			39,909			—			39,909
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	—			4,202,350			113,639			4,315,989
Utilities	—			1,681,228			111,009			1,792,237
Energy	—			1,333,105			11,805			1,344,910
Other corporate sectors	—			5,611,867			248,112			5,859,979
Total corporates	—			12,828,550			484,565			13,313,115
Collateralized debt obligations	—			—			50,595			50,595
Other asset-backed securities	—			83,407			—			83,407
Total fixed maturities	$	—		$	15,469,980		$	535,160		$	16,005,140
Percentage of total	—		%	97		%	3		%	100		%


	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2021 Using:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	—		$	447,432		$	—		$	447,432
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	—			2,489,225			—			2,489,225
Foreign governments	—			55,629			—			55,629
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	—			5,303,547			163,618			5,467,165
Utilities	—			2,266,231			154,267			2,420,498
Energy	—			1,919,416			13,573			1,932,989
Other corporate sectors	—			8,010,331			310,230			8,320,561
Total corporates	—			17,499,525			641,688			18,141,213
Collateralized debt obligations	—			—			63,505			63,505
Other asset-backed securities	—			108,283			—			108,283
Total fixed maturities	$	—		$	20,600,094		$	705,193		$	21,305,287
Percentage of total	—		%	97		%	3		%	100		%

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables represent changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):


	Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Asset- backed Securities			Collateralized Debt Obligations			Corporates			Total
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	—		$	63,505		$	641,688		$	705,193

Included in realized gains / losses	—			—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			(13,163)			(114,525)			(127,688)
Acquisitions	—			—			—			—
Sales	—			—			—			—
Amortization	—			3,382			6			3,388
Other(1)	—			(3,129)			(42,604)			(45,733)
Transfers into Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	—		$	50,595		$	484,565		$	535,160
Percent of total fixed maturities	—		%	—		%	3		%	3		%

(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.

(2)Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available.


	Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Asset- backed Securities			Collateralized Debt Obligations			Corporates			Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	12,870		$	71,598		$	714,505		$	798,973

Included in realized gains / losses	(82)			(6,787)			2,733			(4,136)
Included in other comprehensive income	63			12,482			(15,346)			(2,801)
Acquisitions	—			—			25,000			25,000
Sales	(12,851)			(13,213)			—			(26,064)
Amortization	—			3,388			8			3,396
Other(1)	—			(4,307)			(72,730)			(77,037)
Transfers into Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	—		$	63,161		$	654,170		$	717,331
Percent of total fixed maturities	—		%	—		%	3		%	3		%

(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following table presents changes in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period for Level 3s:



	Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in Other Comprehensive Income for Assets Held at the End of the Period
	Asset- backed Securities		Collateralized Debt Obligations		Corporates		Total
At September 30, 2022	$	—	$	(13,163)	$	(114,525)	$	(127,688)
At September 30, 2021	63		12,482		(15,346)		(2,801)

Unrealized Loss Analysis: The following table discloses information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position.


	Less than Twelve Months	Twelve Months or Longer	Total
Number of issues (CUSIPs) held:
As of September 30, 2022	1,886	122	2,008
As of December 31, 2021	138	42	180

Globe Life's entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 2,275 issues by 957 different issuers at September 30, 2022 and 2,060 issues by 843 different issuers at December 31, 2021. The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was A- as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables disclose unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of fixed maturities available for sale at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses


	At September 30, 2022
	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Investment grade securities:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	349,350	$	(35,764)	$	3,416	$	(746)	$	352,766	$	(36,510)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,728,650		(562,887)		52,359		(35,589)		1,781,009		(598,476)
Foreign governments	5,754		(142)		23,983		(10,135)		29,737		(10,277)
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	2,895,779		(490,451)		75,439		(27,653)		2,971,218		(518,104)
Utilities	1,114,356		(135,376)		20,829		(6,416)		1,135,185		(141,792)
Energy	958,397		(125,270)		—		—		958,397		(125,270)
Other corporate sectors	4,378,481		(799,054)		80,275		(37,894)		4,458,756		(836,948)
Total corporates	9,347,013		(1,550,151)		176,543		(71,963)		9,523,556		(1,622,114)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	61,532		(4,177)		9,712		(711)		71,244		(4,888)
Total investment grade securities	11,492,299		(2,153,121)		266,013		(119,144)		11,758,312		(2,272,265)

Below investment grade securities:
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		—		—		—		—		—

Corporates, by sector:
Financial	127,557		(18,081)		39,446		(16,193)		167,003		(34,274)
Utilities	27,925		(2,970)		—		—		27,925		(2,970)
Energy	14,220		(2,453)		19,868		(8,199)		34,088		(10,652)
Other corporate sectors	167,639		(25,403)		6,861		(4,444)		174,500		(29,847)
Total corporates	337,341		(48,907)		66,175		(28,836)		403,516		(77,743)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	—		—		12,083		(624)		12,083		(624)
Total below investment grade securities	337,341		(48,907)		78,258		(29,460)		415,599		(78,367)
Total fixed maturities	$	11,829,640	$	(2,202,028)	$	344,271	$	(148,604)	$	12,173,911	$	(2,350,632)

Gross unrealized losses may fluctuate quarter over quarter due to adverse factors in the market that affect our holdings, such as changes in interest rates or credit spreads. The Company considers many factors when determining whether an allowance for a credit loss should be recorded. While the Company holds securities that may be in an unrealized loss position from time to time, Globe Life does not generally intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the fixed maturities prior to their anticipated recovery or maturity due to the strong cash flows generated by its insurance operations.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses


	At December 31, 2021
	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Investment grade securities:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	118	$	(1)	$	3,867	$	(163)	$	3,985	$	(164)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	141,310		(2,824)		2,436		(83)		143,746		(2,907)
Foreign governments	12,567		(561)		23,144		(4,571)		35,711		(5,132)
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	133,654		(1,507)		52,864		(1,932)		186,518		(3,439)
Utilities	25,447		(692)		2,372		(320)		27,819		(1,012)
Energy	6,519		(238)		—		—		6,519		(238)
Other corporate sectors	115,444		(3,566)		40,249		(3,670)		155,693		(7,236)
Total corporates	281,064		(6,003)		95,485		(5,922)		376,549		(11,925)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	10,489		(16)		1		—		10,490		(16)
Total investment grade securities	445,548		(9,405)		124,933		(10,739)		570,481		(20,144)

Below investment grade securities:
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		—		—		—		—		—

Corporates, by sector:
Financial	15,695		(272)		56,897		(5,638)		72,592		(5,910)
Utilities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Energy	—		—		26,639		(1,445)		26,639		(1,445)
Other corporate sectors	700		(11)		26,581		(6,115)		27,281		(6,126)
Total corporates	16,395		(283)		110,117		(13,198)		126,512		(13,481)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	—		—		13,043		(414)		13,043		(414)
Total below investment grade securities	16,395		(283)		123,160		(13,612)		139,555		(13,895)
Total fixed maturities	$	461,943	$	(9,688)	$	248,093	$	(24,351)	$	710,036	$	(34,039)

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Fixed Maturities, Allowance for Credit Losses: A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance	$	—	$	—	$	387	$	3,346
Additions to allowance for which credit losses were not previously recorded	—		—		—		—
Additions (reductions) to allowance for fixed maturities that previously had an allowance	—		—		—		—
Reduction of allowance for which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell or sold during the period	—		—		(387)		(3,346)
Allowance for credit losses ending balance	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any fixed maturities in non-accrual status.

Other Long-Term Investments: Other long-term investments consist of the following assets:



	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Investment funds	$	748,219	$	640,263
Commercial mortgage loan participations	140,069		141,843
Other	19,102		11,819
Total	$	907,390	$	793,925

The following table presents additional information about the Company's investment funds as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 at fair value:



	Fair Value				Unfunded Commitments
Investment Category	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		Redemption Term/Notice




Commercial mortgage loans	$	425,189	$	423,776	$	354,361	Fully redeemable and non-redeemable with varying terms.
Opportunistic credit	159,972		178,215		—		Initial 2 year lock on each new investment/semi-annual withdrawals thereafter/full redemption within 36 month period.


Infrastructure	149,532		22,664		30,338		Fully redeemable and non-redeemable with varying terms.


Other	13,526		15,608		127,500
Total investment funds	$	748,219	$	640,263	$	512,199

The Company had $165 million of capital called during the year from existing investment funds. Our unfunded commitments were $512 million as of September 30, 2022.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Commercial Mortgage Loan Participations (commercial mortgage loans): Summaries of commercial mortgage loans by property type and geographical location at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:



	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		% of Total	Carrying Value		% of Total
Property type:
Mixed use	$	62,239	45	$	57,996	41
Hospitality	20,767		15	23,186		16
Retail	19,423		14	19,811		14
Industrial	17,308		12	17,900		13
Multi-family	14,386		10	14,872		11
Office	8,106		6	8,905		6

Total recorded investment	142,229		102	142,670		101
Less allowance for credit losses	(2,160)		(2)	(827)		(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	140,069	100	$	141,843	100


	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		% of Total	Carrying Value		% of Total
Geographic location:
California	$	68,698	49	$	67,659	48
New York	19,452		14	18,373		13
Pennsylvania	11,673		8	11,673		8
Indiana	9,717		7	9,717		7
Florida	8,279		6	8,213		6
Texas	6,136		5	5,898		4
Other	18,274		13	21,137		15
Total recorded investment	142,229		102	142,670		101
Less allowance for credit losses	(2,160)		(2)	(827)		(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	140,069	100	$	141,843	100

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables are reflective of Management's internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. Loans are rated low, moderate, and high. The risk categories consider many different factors such as quality of asset, borrower status, as well as macroeconomic factors including COVID-19. These loans, originated in 2017 to 2022, are transitional or under construction and may not yet be income producing. Certain ratios, such as loan to value and debt service coverage ratios, may not be evaluated as the value of the underlying transitional property significantly fluctuates based on completion of the project.


	Net Book Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans Receivable by Year of Origination
	As of September 30, 2022
Risk Rating:	Number of Loans	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Total
Low	14	$	3,000	$	—	$	27,181	$	12,337	$	35,462	$	36,188	$	114,168
Moderate	5	—		—		1,195		15,722		—		—		16,917
High	2	—		—		—		4,110		7,034		—		11,144
Total commercial mortgage loans	21	$	3,000	$	—	$	28,376	$	32,169	$	42,496	$	36,188	142,229
Less allowance for credit losses on the investment pool														(1,151)
Less allowance for credit losses on individual loans														(1,009)
Carrying value, net of valuation allowance														$	140,069


	Net Book Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans Receivable by Year of Origination
	As of December 31, 2021
Risk Rating:	Number of Loans	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Total
Low	14	$	—	$	23,636	$	11,925	$	41,209	$	35,729	$	112,499
Moderate	6	—		1,400		17,173		—		—		18,573
High	2	—		—		4,593		7,005		—		11,598
Total commercial mortgage loans	22	$	—	$	25,036	$	33,691	$	48,214	$	35,729	142,670
Less allowance for credit losses on the investment pool												(827)
Less allowance for credit losses on individual loans												—
Carrying value, net of valuation allowance												$	141,843

As of September 30, 2022, the Company evaluated the commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a pool basis to determine the allowance for credit losses. At the end of the period, the Company had 21 loans in the portfolio. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the allowance for credit losses increased $1.3 million. The provision for credit losses is included in "Realized gains (losses)" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance	$	1,109	$	1,639	$	827	$	3,505

Provision (reversal) for credit losses	1,051		(455)		1,333		(2,321)

Allowance for credit losses ending balance	$	2,160	$	1,184	$	2,160	$	1,184

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had one commercial mortgage loan in non-accrual status, which went into foreclosure during the year. The outstanding principal balance of this loan was $4.1 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Among the remaining commercial mortgage loans, none were delinquent as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company's unfunded commitment balance to commercial loan borrowers was $21 million as of September 30, 2022.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 5—Commitments and Contingencies

Guarantees: The Parent Company has guaranteed letters of credit in connection with its credit facility with a group of banks. The letters of credit were issued by TMK Re, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary, to secure TMK Re, Ltd.’s obligation for claims on certain policies reinsured by TMK Re, Ltd. that were sold by other Globe Life insurance subsidiaries. These letters of credit facilitate TMK Re, Ltd.’s ability to reinsure the business of Globe Life's insurance carriers. The agreement was amended on September 30, 2021 and now expires in 2026. The maximum amount of letters of credit available is $250 million. The Parent Company would be liable to the extent that TMK Re, Ltd. does not pay the reinsured party. The amount outstanding at September 30, 2022 was $125 million.

Litigation: Globe Life Inc. (formerly Torchmark Corporation) and its subsidiaries, in common with the insurance industry in general, are subject to litigation, including putative class action litigation, alleged breaches of contract, torts, including bad faith and fraud claims based on alleged wrongful or fraudulent acts of agents of the Parent Company's insurance subsidiaries, employment discrimination, worker misclassification, and miscellaneous other causes of action. Based upon information presently available, and in light of legal and other factual defenses available to the Parent Company and its subsidiaries, management does not believe that it is reasonably possible that such litigation will have a material adverse effect on Globe Life's financial condition, future operating results or liquidity; however, assessing the eventual outcome of litigation necessarily involves forward-looking speculation as to judgments to be made by judges, juries and appellate courts in the future. This bespeaks caution, particularly in states with reputations for high punitive damage verdicts. Globe Life's management recognizes that large punitive damage awards bearing little or no relation to actual damages continue to be awarded by juries in jurisdictions in which the Parent Company's insurance subsidiaries have substantial business, creating the potential for unpredictable material adverse judgments in any given punitive damage suit.

On February 27, 2020, putative collective action litigation was filed against American Income in United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (Berry, et al v. American Income Life Insurance Company, et al, Case No. 2:20-cv-00110-LPL). The plaintiffs, former insurance sales agents of American Income, pursued relief on behalf of “all individuals who trained to become and/or worked as sales agents/insurance producers for American Income Life Insurance” in the three years prior to the filing of the complaint. The lawsuit alleged that agent trainees and insurance agents should have been classified as employees. It asserted a national collective action under the Fair Labor Standards Act and sought compensation for minimum wage, overtime, expense reimbursement, missed meal and rest breaks, recoupment of certain commissions and improper recordkeeping. In addition, the lawsuit asserted a class action under the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act and Pennsylvania Wage Payment and Collection Law seeking similar relief. Plaintiffs also sought liquidated damages and attorney’s fees, and asserted an unjust enrichment claim. On September 20, 2020, American Income’s motion to compel arbitration of the plaintiffs’ individual claims was granted. Thereafter, the parties negotiated the settlement of such claims for a non-material amount, individually and in the aggregate. The case was then dismissed by the Court on May 20, 2022 pursuant to a joint stipulation filed by the parties.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 6—Liability for Unpaid Claims

Activity in the liability for unpaid health claims is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021

Balance at beginning of period	$	167,832	$	162,261
Incurred related to:
Current year	508,415		638,054
Prior year	(14,117)		(22,477)
Total incurred	494,298		615,577
Paid related to:
Current year	359,486		487,096
Prior year	124,805		122,910
Total paid	484,291		610,006
Balance at end of period	$	177,839	$	167,832

Below is the reconciliation of the liability of "Policy claims and other benefits payable" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021

Policy claims and other benefits payable:
Life insurance	$	239,900	$	245,108
Health insurance	177,839		167,832
Total	$	417,739	$	412,940

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 7—Postretirement Benefits

Globe Life has qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans (Pension Plans) and contributory savings plans that cover substantially all employees. There is also a nonqualified noncontributory supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) that covers a limited number of officers. The tables included herein will focus on the Pension Plans and SERP.

Pension Assets: The following table presents the assets of the Company's Pension Plans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Pension Assets by Component at September 30, 2022


	Fair Value Determined by:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Amount		% of Total
Corporate bonds:
Financial	$	—	$	39,536	$	—	$	39,536	8
Utilities	—		33,005		—		33,005		7
Energy	—		17,439		—		17,439		4
Other corporates	—		59,738		—		59,738		12
Total corporate bonds	—		149,718		—		149,718		31
Exchange traded fund(1)	239,191		—		—		239,191		49
Other bonds	—		201		—		201		—
Guaranteed annuity contract(2)	—		43,433		—		43,433		9
Short-term investments	28,311		—		—		28,311		6
Other	7,538		—		—		7,538		2
	$	275,040	$	193,352	$	—	468,392		97
Other long-term investments(3)							14,237		3
Total pension assets							$	482,629	100

(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.

(2)Representing a guaranteed annuity contract issued by Globe Life Inc.'s subsidiary, American Income Life Insurance Company, to fund the obligations of the American Income Life Insurance Company Collective Bargaining Agreement Employees Pension Plan.

(3)Included in other long-term investments is an investment fund that reports the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV), as a practical expedient for fair value. The Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owns less than 1% of the investment fund. As of September 30, 2022, the expected term of the investment fund is approximately 2 years and the commitment of the investment is fully funded. The investment is non-redeemable.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Pension Assets by Component at December 31, 2021


	Fair Value Determined by:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Amount		% of Total
Corporate bonds:
Financial	$	—	$	52,522	$	—	$	52,522	9
Utilities	—		43,663		—		43,663		7
Energy	—		22,719		—		22,719		4
Other corporates	—		88,673		—		88,673		15
Total corporate bonds	—		207,577		—		207,577		35
Exchange traded fund(1)	315,720		—		—		315,720		52
Other bonds	—		239		—		239		—
Guaranteed annuity contract(2)	—		34,743		—		34,743		6
Short-term investments	13,731		—		—		13,731		2
Other	10,388		—		—		10,388		2
	$	339,839	$	242,559	$	—	582,398		97
Other long-term investments(3)							15,149		3
Total pension assets							$	597,547	100

(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.

(3)Included in other long-term investments is an investment fund that reports the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV), as a practical expedient for fair value. The Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owns approximately 1% of the investment fund. As of December 31, 2021, the expected term of the investment fund was approximately 3 years and the commitment of the investment is fully funded. The investment is non-redeemable.

SERP: The following table includes information regarding the SERP.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Premiums paid for insurance coverage	$	443	$	2,193

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Total investments:
Company owned life insurance	$	54,274	$	52,791
Exchange traded funds	68,643		87,133
	$	122,917	$	139,924

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Pension Plans and SERP Liabilities: The following table presents liabilities for the defined benefit pension plans and SERP at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Pension Plans	$	517,293	$	686,917
SERP	92,050		92,017
Pension benefit obligation	$	609,343	$	778,934

The decline in the pension benefit obligation is primarily a result of an increase in the discount rate as well as contributions made during the year.

Net Periodic Benefit Cost: The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs for the Pension Plans and SERP by expense components for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Service cost	$	8,657	$	7,919	$	25,968	$	23,755
Interest cost	6,124		5,467		18,368		16,403
Expected return on assets	(8,885)		(8,083)		(26,655)		(24,249)
Amortization:
Prior service cost	158		158		474		474
Actuarial (gain) loss	3,208		4,984		9,625		14,953


Net periodic benefit cost	$	9,262	$	10,445	$	27,780	$	31,336

Note 8—Earnings Per Share

Earnings per Share: A reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	97,258,349	101,498,408	98,244,271	102,618,327
Weighted average dilutive options outstanding	889,175	882,609	857,964	1,171,159
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	98,147,524	102,381,017	99,102,235	103,789,486

Antidilutive shares	2,602,609	2,601,499	2,351,522	2,349,321

Antidilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 9—Debt

On May 19, 2022, Globe Life completed the issuance of $400 million principal amount of 4.8% Senior notes due June 15, 2032, of which $150 million is owned by Globe Life affiliates. Total proceeds received by the Parent from the issuance, net of the underwriters’ discount, were $395 million. The proceeds were used to fund $300 million of 3.8% Senior notes, of which $150 million was owned by Globe life affiliates, that matured on September 15, 2022, as well as for the reduction of commercial paper and other general corporate purposes.

The following table presents information about the terms and outstanding balances of Globe Life's debt.

Selected Information about Debt Issues


				As of
				September 30, 2022								December 31, 2021
Instrument	Issue Date	Maturity Date	Coupon Rate	Par Value		Unamortized Discount & Issuance Costs		Book Value		Fair Value		Book Value
Senior notes	5/27/1993	5/15/2023	7.875%	$	165,612	$	(185)	$	165,427	$	167,781	$	165,216
Senior notes(2)	—	—	—	—		—		—		—		149,752
Senior notes	9/27/2018	9/15/2028	4.550%	550,000		(4,562)		545,438		526,702		544,949
Senior notes	8/21/2020	8/15/2030	2.150%	400,000		(3,891)		396,109		310,560		395,778
Senior notes(1)	5/19/2022	6/15/2032	4.800%	250,000		(4,616)		245,384		231,700		—

Junior subordinated debentures	11/17/2017	11/17/2057	5.275%	125,000		(1,594)		123,406		124,016		123,396
Junior subordinated debentures	6/14/2021	6/15/2061	4.250%	325,000		(7,790)		317,210		252,545		317,155
				1,815,612		(22,638)		1,792,974		1,613,304		1,696,246
Less current maturity of long-term debt				165,612		(185)		165,427		167,781		149,752
Total long-term debt				1,650,000		(22,453)		1,627,547		1,445,523		1,546,494

Current maturity of long-term debt)				165,612		(185)		165,427		167,781		149,752
Commercial paper				270,000		(690)		269,310		269,310		329,892
Total short-term debt				435,612		(875)		434,737		437,091		479,644

Total debt				$	2,085,612	$	(23,328)	$	2,062,284	$	1,882,614	$	2,026,138

(1)An additional $150 million par value and book value is held by insurance subsidiaries that eliminates in consolidation.

(2)The $300 million of 3.80% Senior notes matured on September 15, 2022, of which $150 million was owned by Globe Life affiliates.

The commercial paper has the highest priority of all the debt, followed by senior notes then junior subordinated debentures. The senior notes due 2023 are noncallable, the remaining senior notes are callable under a make-whole provision, and the junior subordinated debentures are subject to an optional redemption five years from issuance. Interest on the 4.25% junior subordinated debentures is payable quarterly while all other long-term debt is payable semi-annually.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB): In 2021, four of our insurance subsidiaries became members of the FHLB of Dallas. FHLB membership provides the insurance subsidiaries with access to various low-cost collateralized borrowings and funding agreements. The membership requires ownership of FHLB common stock, as well as the purchase of activity-based common stock equal to approximately 4.1% of outstanding borrowings.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Globe Life owns $13.0 million in FHLB common stock as of September 30, 2022 and $7.9 million as of December 31, 2021. The FHLB stock is restricted for the duration of the membership and recorded at cost (par) as required by applicable guidance. The FHLB stock is included in "Other long-term investments" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets .

As of September 30, 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings with the FHLB. Borrowings with the FHLB are subject to the availability of pledged assets at Globe Life. As of September 30, 2022, Globe Life's maximum borrowing capacity under the FHLB facility was approximately $526 million, based on pledged assets with a fair value of $737 million.

Note 10—Business Segments

Globe Life is organized into four segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments. In addition, other expenses not included in these segments are reported in "Corporate & Other."

Globe Life's reportable insurance segments are based on the insurance product lines it markets and administers: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, and annuities. These major product lines are set out as reportable segments because of the common characteristics of products within these categories, comparability of margins, and the similarity in regulatory environment and management techniques. There is also an investment segment which manages the investment portfolio, debt, and cash flow for the insurance segments and the corporate function. The Company's chief operating decision makers evaluate the overall performance of the operations of the Company in accordance with these segments.

Life insurance products marketed by Globe Life include traditional whole life and term life insurance. An immaterial amount of annuities sold as companion products are included in the life segment. Health insurance products are generally guaranteed renewable and include Medicare Supplement, critical illness, accident, and limited-benefit supplemental hospital and surgical coverage. Annuities include fixed-benefit contracts.

Globe Life markets its insurance products through a number of distribution channels, each of which sells the products of one or more of Globe Life's insurance segments. Our distribution channels consist of the following exclusive agencies: American Income Life Division (American Income), Liberty National Division (Liberty National) and Family Heritage Division (Family Heritage); an independent agency, United American Division (United American); and our Direct to Consumer Division (Direct to Consumer). The following tables present segment premium revenue by each of Globe Life's distribution channels.

Premium Income by Distribution Channel



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	378,306	50	$	29,694	9	$	—	—	$	408,000	38
Direct to Consumer	242,550		32	17,455		6	—		—	260,005		24
Liberty National	82,072		11	45,809		14	—		—	127,881		12
United American	1,949		—	134,200		42	1		100	136,150		13
Family Heritage	1,408		—	92,131		29	—		—	93,539		9
Other	48,830		7	—		—	—		—	48,830		4
	$	755,115	100	$	319,289	100	$	1	100	$	1,074,405	100

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Premium Income by Distribution Channel


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	356,456	49	$	29,070	10	$	—	—	$	385,526	37
Direct to Consumer	240,578		33	18,192		6	—		—	258,770		25
Liberty National	78,528		11	46,716		16	—		—	125,244		12
United American	2,199		—	118,240		39	—		—	120,439		12
Family Heritage	1,286		—	86,925		29	—		—	88,211		9
Other	49,877		7	—		—	—		—	49,877		5
	$	728,924	100	$	299,143	100	$	—	—	$	1,028,067	100


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	1,124,712	50	$	87,940	9	$	—	—	$	1,212,652	38
Direct to Consumer	743,041		33	53,802		6	—		—	796,843		25
Liberty National	244,242		11	139,650		15	—		—	383,892		12
United American	6,022		—	401,657		42	1		100	407,680		13
Family Heritage	4,147		—	272,429		28	—		—	276,576		8
Other	147,477		6	—		—	—		—	147,477		4
	$	2,269,641	100	$	955,478	100	$	1	100	$	3,225,120	100


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	1,039,047	48	$	85,210	10	$	—	—	$	1,124,257	37
Direct to Consumer	734,046		34	56,002		6	—		—	790,048		26
Liberty National	232,118		11	140,874		16	—		—	372,992		12
United American	6,737		—	351,544		39	1		100	358,282		12
Family Heritage	3,630		—	255,272		29	—		—	258,902		8
Other	149,635		7	—		—	—		—	149,635		5
	$	2,165,213	100	$	888,902	100	$	1	100	$	3,054,116	100

Due to the nature of the life insurance industry, Globe Life has no individual or group that would be considered a major customer. Substantially all of Globe Life's business is conducted in the United States.

The measure of profitability established by the chief operating decision makers for the insurance segments is underwriting margin before other income and administrative expenses, in accordance with the manner in which the segments are managed. It essentially represents gross profit margin on insurance products before insurance administrative expenses and consists primarily of premium less net policy benefits, acquisition expenses, and commissions. Required interest on net policy liabilities (benefit reserves less deferred acquisition costs) is reflected as a component of the Investment segment (rather than as a component of underwriting margin in the insurance

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

and annuity segments) in order to match this cost with the investment income earned on the assets supporting the net policy liabilities.

The measure of profitability for the Investment segment is excess investment income, representing the income earned on the investment portfolio in excess of net policy requirements and financing costs associated with Globe Life's debt. Other than the above-mentioned interest allocations, no other intersegment revenues or expenses are recognized. Expenses directly attributable to corporate operations are included in the “Corporate & Other” category. Stock-based compensation expense is considered a corporate expense by Globe Life management and is included in this category. All other unallocated revenues and expenses on a pretax basis, including insurance administrative expense, are also included in the “Corporate & Other” segment category.

Globe Life holds a sizable investment portfolio to support its insurance liabilities, the yield from which is used to offset policy benefit, acquisition, administrative and tax expenses. This yield or investment income is taken into account when establishing premium rates and profitability expectations for its insurance products. From time to time, investments are sold or called, or experience a credit loss event, each of which is reflected by the Company as realized gain (loss)—investments. These gains or losses generally occur as a result of disposition due to issuer calls, compliance with Company investment policies, or other reasons often beyond management’s control. Unlike investment income, realized gains and losses are incidental to insurance operations, and only overall yields are considered when setting premium rates or insurance product profitability expectations. While these gains and losses are not relevant to segment profitability or core operating results, they can have a material positive or negative result on net income. For these reasons, management removes realized investment gains and losses when it views its segment operations.

Management removes items that are related to prior periods when evaluating the operating results of current periods. Management also removes non-operating items unrelated to the Company's core insurance activities when evaluating those results. Therefore, these items are excluded in its presentation of segment results, because accounting guidance requires that operating segment results be presented as management views its business. With the exception of the administrative settlements noted in the paragraphs above, all of these items are included in “Other operating expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the appropriate year. See additional detail below in the tables.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of Globe Life's revenues and operations by segment to its major income statement line items. See Note—1 Significant Accounting Policies for additional information concerning reconciling items of segment profits to pretax income.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	755,115	$	319,289	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	1,074,405
Net investment income	—		—		—		245,625		—		—			245,625
Other income	—		—		—		—		398		—			398
Total revenue	755,115		319,289		1		245,625		398		—			1,320,428
Expenses:
Policy benefits	494,627		198,415		6,974		12		—		—			700,028
Required interest on reserves	(194,279)		(27,637)		(9,548)		231,464		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	58,413		7,783		47		(66,243)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	124,261		31,415		453		—		—		—			156,129
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	63,938		29,085		5		—		—		—			93,028
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		75,048		1,416		(2)	76,464
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		2,556		—			2,556
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		9,120		—			9,120
Interest expense	—		—		—		23,965		—		—			23,965
Total expenses	546,960		239,061		(2,069)		189,198		86,724		1,416			1,061,290
Subtotal	208,155		80,228		2,070		56,427		(86,326)		(1,416)			259,138
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		1,416		(2)	1,416
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	208,155	$	80,228	$	2,070	$	56,427	$	(86,326)	$	—		260,554

Realized gain (loss)—investments														(29,155)

Legal proceedings														(1,416)

Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	229,983

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	728,924	$	299,143	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	1,028,067
Net investment income	—		—		—		238,975		—		—			238,975
Other income	—		—		—		—		321		—			321
Total revenue	728,924		299,143		—		238,975		321		—			1,267,363
Expenses:
Policy obligations	516,196		187,906		7,303		—		—		—			711,405
Required interest on reserves	(185,295)		(25,859)		(10,034)		221,188		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	55,066		7,203		64		(62,333)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	122,311		28,799		483		—		—		—			151,593
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	58,652		24,116		6		—		—		—			82,774
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		68,036					68,036
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		2,176		2,397		(2)	4,573
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		7,776		—			7,776
Interest expense	—		—		—		20,886		—		—			20,886
Total expenses	566,930		222,165		(2,178)		179,741		77,988		2,397			1,047,043
Subtotal	161,994		76,978		2,178		59,234		(77,667)		(2,397)			220,320
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		2,397		(2)	2,397
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	161,994	$	76,978	$	2,178	$	59,234	$	(77,667)	$	—		222,717

Realized gain (loss)—investments														19,789
Realized loss—redemption of debt														(9,314)

Non-operating expenses														(2,397)
Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	230,795

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Non-operating expenses.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	2,269,641	$	955,478	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	3,225,120
Net investment income	—		—		—		733,101		—		—			733,101
Other income	—		—		—		—		861		—			861
Total revenue	2,269,641		955,478		1		733,101		861		—			3,959,082
Expenses:
Policy obligations	1,555,004		592,488		21,098		12		—		—			2,168,602
Required interest on reserves	(575,710)		(81,740)		(28,890)		686,340		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	171,288		22,808		149		(194,245)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	372,872		95,488		1,358		—		—		—			469,718
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	190,028		87,390		18		—		—		—			277,436
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		221,313		6,513		(2,3)	227,826
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		8,089		(368)		(3)	7,721
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		26,603		—			26,603
Interest expense	—		—		—		65,737		—		—			65,737
Total expenses	1,713,482		716,434		(6,267)		557,844		256,005		6,145			3,243,643
Subtotal	556,159		239,044		6,268		175,257		(255,144)		(6,145)			715,439
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		6,145		(2,3)	6,145
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	556,159	$	239,044	$	6,268	$	175,257	$	(255,144)	$	—		721,584

Realized gain (loss)—investments														(66,845)


Legal proceedings														(1,416)
Non-operating expenses														(4,729)
Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	648,594

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

(3) Non-operating expenses.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	2,165,213	$	888,902	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	3,054,116
Net investment income	—		—		—		713,103		—		—			713,103
Other income	—		—		—		—		1,004		—			1,004
Total revenue	2,165,213		888,902		1		713,103		1,004		—			3,768,223
Expenses:
Policy obligations	1,532,298		564,589		21,848		—		—		—			2,118,735
Required interest on reserves	(547,715)		(76,288)		(30,055)		654,058		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	163,083		21,242		200		(184,525)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	366,022		85,138		1,447		—		—		—			452,607
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	174,130		70,602		20		—		—		—			244,752
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		201,715		5,089		(2)	206,804
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		7,251		2,397		(3)	9,648
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		24,298		—			24,298
Interest expense	—		—		—		63,833		—		—			63,833
Total expenses	1,687,818		665,283		(6,540)		533,366		233,264		7,486			3,120,677
Subtotal	477,395		223,619		6,541		179,737		(232,260)		(7,486)			647,546
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		7,486		(2,3)	7,486
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	477,395	$	223,619	$	6,541	$	179,737	$	(232,260)	$	—		655,032

Realized gain (loss)—investments														56,600
Realized loss—redemption of debt														(9,314)

Legal proceedings														(5,089)
Non-operating expenses														(2,397)
Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	694,832

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

(3)Non-operating expenses.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

We caution readers regarding certain forward-looking statements contained in the foregoing discussion and elsewhere in this document, and in any other statements made by, or on behalf of Globe Life whether or not in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any statement that is not a historical fact, or that might otherwise be considered an opinion or projection concerning the Company or its business, whether express or implied, is meant as and should be considered a forward-looking statement. Such statements represent management's opinions concerning future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. We specifically disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement because of new information, future developments, or otherwise.

Forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including uncertainties related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated direct and indirect effects on our business operations, financial results and financial condition. If these estimates or assumptions prove to be incorrect, the actual results of Globe Life may differ materially from the forward-looking statements made on the basis of such estimates or assumptions. Whether or not actual results differ materially from forward-looking statements may depend on numerous foreseeable and unforeseeable events or developments, which may be national in scope, related to the insurance industry generally, or applicable to the Company specifically. Such events or developments could include, but are not necessarily limited to:

1.Economic and other conditions, including the impact of inflation and the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. economy, leading to unexpected changes in lapse rates and/or sales of our policies, as well as levels of mortality, morbidity, and utilization of health care services that differ from Globe Life's assumptions;

2.Regulatory developments, including changes in accounting standards or governmental regulations (particularly those impacting taxes and changes to the Federal Medicare program that would affect Medicare Supplement);

3.Market trends in the senior-aged health care industry that provide alternatives to traditional Medicare (such as Health Maintenance Organizations and other managed care or private plans) and that could affect the sales of traditional Medicare Supplement insurance;

4.Interest rate changes that affect product sales and/or investment portfolio yield;

5.General economic, industry sector or individual debt issuers’ financial conditions (including developments and volatility arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in certain industries that may comprise part of our investment portfolio) that may affect the current market value of securities we own, or that may impair an issuer’s ability to make principal and/or interest payments due on those securities;

6.Changes in the competitiveness of the Company's products and pricing;

7.Litigation results;

8.Levels of administrative and operational efficiencies that differ from our assumptions (including any reduction in efficiencies resulting from increased costs arising from operating during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of higher than anticipated inflation);

9.The ability to obtain timely and appropriate premium rate increases for health insurance policies from our regulators;

10.The customer response to new products and marketing initiatives;

11.Reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements which are based on management estimates and judgments which may differ from the actual amounts ultimately realized;

12.Compromise by a malicious actor or other event that causes a loss of secure data from, or inaccessibility to, our computer and other information technology systems;

13.The severity, magnitude and impact of natural or man-made catastrophic events, including but not limited to pandemics, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, war and terrorism, on our operations and personnel, commercial activity and demand for our products; and

14.Our ability to access the commercial paper and debt markets, particularly if such markets become unpredictable or unstable for a certain period.

Readers are also directed to consider other risks and uncertainties described in other documents on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Globe Life's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. The following management discussion will only include comparison to prior year.

"Globe Life" and the "Company" refer to Globe Life Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

Results of Operations


						How Globe Life Views Its Operations. Globe Life Inc. is the holding company for a group of insurance companies that market primarily individual life and supplemental health insurance to lower middle to middle-income households throughout the United States. We view our operations by segments, which are the insurance product lines of life, supplemental health, and annuities, and the investment segment that supports the product lines. Segments are aligned based on their common characteristics, comparability of the profit margins, and management techniques used to operate each segment.

						Insurance Product Line Segments. The insurance product line segments involve the marketing, underwriting, and administration of policies. Each product line is further segmented by the various distribution channels that market the insurance policies. Each distribution channel operates in a niche market offering insurance products designed for that particular market. Whether analyzing profitability of a segment as a whole, or the individual distribution channels within the segment, the measure of profitability used by management is the underwriting margin, as seen below:
						Premium revenue (Policy obligations) (Policy acquisition costs and commissions) Underwriting margin
						Investment Segment. The investment segment involves the management of our capital resources, including investments and the management of corporate debt and liquidity. Our measure of profitability for the investment segment is excess investment income, as seen below:
						Net investment income (Required interest on net policy liabilities) (Financing costs) Excess investment income

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Long-Duration Targeted Improvements. As discussed in further detail within Note 2—New Accounting Standards, the Company will adopt ASU 2018-12, Financial Services–Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (LDTI), effective on January 1, 2023. The Company has selected the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption as of the transition date (the “Transition Date”) of January 1, 2021. The accounting adoption will have no economic impact on the cash flows of our business nor influence our business model of providing basic protection-oriented products to the underserved and lower middle to middle-income market. In addition, it will not impact our statutory earnings, statutory capital, nor our capital management philosophies.

The adoption will, however, modify the timing of when profits emerge on our insurance policies and result in the restatement of 2021 and 2022 key figures in the consolidated financial statements. We are anticipating GAAP net income and net operating income to increase significantly under the new standard primarily due to a reduction in DAC amortization in the near to intermediate term. Additionally, future policy benefits on our life insurance business for 2021 and 2022, as restated to reflect the new standard, are expected to be lower than originally reported reflecting the treatment of adverse claims experience incurred in 2021 and 2022, which gets spread out over future periods from transition, including those relating to COVID-19. The expected decrease in future policy benefits related to this item in 2021 is expected to be between $160 million and $200 million, and the impact on 2022 has not yet been quantified. This will result in slightly higher future policy benefits, as a percentage of premium, in future years than what would have been expected under existing guidance. Finally, we expect some modest decreases to future policy benefits, as a percentage of premium, in our health business on some of our limited benefit plans under the new standard.

With respect to future policy benefits, we anticipate an increase of between $9.5 billion and $11.0 billion on the Transition Date, which will be reflected in other comprehensive income. This change reflects an unrealized interest rate loss at transition and is a result of several primary factors:

a.Life insurance future policy benefit cash flows tend to be long as death benefits, which are greater than premium amounts, are typically paid to beneficiaries many years after a policy is issued. This results in a generally longer overall liability duration than the overall asset duration.

b.The new methodology requires the use of current discount rates (upper-medium grade) rather than locked-in discount rates, which are determined when a policy is issued. Current discount rates are generally lower than the locked-in discount rates used to determine net income. The required current discount rate is inconsistent with historical practices, the current asset portfolio and current investment strategy.

c.The methodology requires the net premium ratio3 used to determine future policy benefits be based on locked-in rates rather than permitting the redetermination of the net premium ratio using current discount rates. This restricts the level of gross premiums allowed in the calculation, as well as the level of gross premiums available to offset the impact of current discount rates to the extent these rates are realized in future years. Because of this requirement, the change in future policy benefits results in a measure of unrealized gain (loss) due to differences in discount rates only.

For Globe Life, discount rates lower than the locked-in discount rate under LDTI have the effect of increasing the level of reserves carried due to the use of net premiums in the calculation as compared to current GAAP, which in the loss recognition test, uses the total gross premium. Once implemented, future policy benefits will be sensitive to changes in current discount rates for the reasons stated above. To demonstrate this sensitivity to discount rates, to the extent current discount rates were consistent with rates as of September 30, 2022, we estimate future policy benefits as of the Transition Date would have only increased between $1.2 billion and $2.0 billion. For every 50 basis-point movement in the average discount rate, we estimate the impact on future policy benefits is $1.5 billion to $2.5 billion.

With respect to shareholders’ equity, as of the end of 2020, reported shareholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $8.8 billion. We anticipate a decrease in the range of $7.5 billion to $8.5 billion, net of tax, as a result of the requirement to use current discount rates to remeasure the future policy benefits and record the offset through AOCI at adoption.

3 The net premium ratio is the ratio between the present value of benefits and the present value of gross premium.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

If we hold all else equal as of the Transition Date but use current discount rates as of September 30, 2022, the after-tax decrease in AOCI due solely to the increase in future policy benefits would have been in the range of $1.0 billion to $1.6 billion. AOCI would also be impacted by fluctuations in the valuation of the fixed maturity bond portfolio in this situation.

Another item impacting shareholders’ equity relates to increases in the liability for future policy benefits on smaller, older blocks of business with a minimum floor or net premium ratios capped at 100%. For blocks of business that require increases in future policy benefits to minimum levels, or a net premium ratio capped at 100% on the Transition Date, any difference between the future policy benefits calculated using the discount rate immediately before the Transition Date, and the existing carrying value as of the Transition Date is recorded as an adjustment (decrease) to opening retained earnings. At the Transition Date, we expect a $15 million to $50 million, net of tax, decrease to opening retained earnings related to these items.

As noted above, we expect GAAP net income and net operating income to increase under the new standard due to a significant decrease in the annual amortization of DAC in the near and intermediate term. This is a result of changes to the calculation of amortization rate, including use of only deferred costs through the valuation date. For business with deferrals of renewal commissions, as is the case with our captive agency channels, the expected amortization rate as a percentage of premium will no longer be level, but will increase over the period of time during which commissions are deferred. The decrease in amortization in the near term will primarily impact our life insurance line of business. In total, we expect the increase in net income in 2023, largely due to the decrease in amortization, to fall within a range of $105 million and $130 million, net of tax. As time progresses, we expect this impact to diminish as the deferral of future renewal commissions increases amortization amounts.

Regarding our measure of excess investment income, we expect a significant decrease in the figure as a result of the updated standard. This is driven by the removal of interest in the computation of DAC. Although non-GAAP measures, the review of underwriting margin and excess investment income will remain an important part of the Company’s measurement of performance.

Inflation Reduction Act. The Inflation Reduction Act (the Act) was enacted on August 16, 2022, and included a new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT). The Act and CAMT go into effect for tax years beginning after 2022. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact the Act will have, if any, on the financial statements.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Current Highlights, comparing year-to-date 2022 with 2021.

•Net income as a return on equity (ROE) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 11.2% and net operating income as an ROE, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio(1) was 13.1%.

•Total premium increased 6% over the prior year. Life premium increased 5% for the period from $2.2 billion in 2021 to $2.3 billion in 2022. Life underwriting margin increased 16% from $477 million in 2021 to $556 million in 2022.

•Net investment income increased 3% over the same period in the prior year.

•Total net sales increased 4% over the same period in the prior year from $518 million in 2021 to $539 million in 2022.

•Book value per share declined 47% below the same period in the prior year from $84.52 to $44.56. Book value per share, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio(1), increased 9% over the prior year from $57.11 in 2021 to $62.01 in 2022.

•The Company incurred $44 million of COVID-19 net life claims (net of reserves released upon death) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $82 million during the same period last year.

•For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 2.8 million shares of Globe Life Inc. common stock at a total cost of $279 million for an average share price of $98.46.

The following graphs represent net income and net operating income for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

(1)As shown in the charts above, net operating income is the consolidated total of segment profits after tax and as such is considered a non-GAAP measure. It has been used consistently by Globe Life's management for many years to evaluate the operating performance of the Company. It differs from net income primarily because it excludes certain non-operating items such as realized gains and losses and certain significant and unusual items included in net income. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Net operating income as an ROE, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio, is considered a non-GAAP measure. Management utilizes this measure to view the business without the effect of the net unrealized gains or losses, which are primarily attributable to fluctuation in interest rates on the available-for-sale portfolio. The impact of the adjustment to exclude net unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturities, net of tax is $(1.7) billion and $2.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Book value per share, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio, is also considered a non-GAAP measure. Management utilizes this measure to view the book value of the business without the effect of net unrealized gains or losses, which are primarily attributable to fluctuation in interest rates on the available-for-sale portfolio. The impact of the adjustment to exclude net unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturities is $(17.45) and $27.41 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Refer to Analysis of Profitability by Segment for non-GAAP reconciliation to GAAP.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Summary of Operations. Net income declined 7% to $528 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with $567 million in the same period in 2021. This decrease was primarily attributed to $53 million of after-tax realized losses on investments in the current period, as compared to $45 million of after tax realized gains on investments in the year-ago period, partially offset by a $38 million decrease in COVID-19 net life claims from the year-ago period. See further discussion under the caption Investments. On a diluted per common share basis, net income per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 declined 2% from $5.46 to $5.33.

Net operating income is the consolidated total of segment profits after tax and as such is considered a non-GAAP measure. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. We do not consider realized gains and losses to be a component of our core insurance operations or operating segments. Additionally, net income was affected by certain significant and unusual non-operating items in 2021 and through the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We do not view these items as components of core operating results because they are not indicative of past performance or future prospects of the insurance operations. We remove items such as these that relate to prior periods or are non-operating items when evaluating the results of current operations, and therefore exclude such items from our segment analysis for current periods. Net operating income increased 9% to $586 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with $536 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a 16% increase in life underwriting margin. On a diluted per common share basis, net operating income per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased from $5.16 to $5.91.

For the second straight quarter, the Company has experienced less COVID-19 net life claims than expected, resulting in improved underwriting margins. In addition, the Company continues to see positive signs in its core operations, including strong sales and premium growth, favorable persistency and a strong ROE, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio.

COVID-19. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred $44 million of COVID-19 net life claims (net of reserves released upon death), compared with $82 million for the same period in 2021. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were approximately 215,000 U.S. COVID-19 deaths for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 including 30,000 deaths in the current quarter. For the full year 2022, we expect total U.S. COVID deaths to fall within a range of 240,000 to 260,000.

At the midpoint of our 2022 guidance, we expect to incur approximately $51 million of COVID life claims for the full year based on an estimated range of $1.9 million to $2.1 million of COVID life claims per 10,000 U.S. deaths. In 2023, we expect deaths from COVID-19 to persist in an endemic state. At the mid-point of our guidance, we anticipate total COVID life claims of approximately $20 million based on estimated total U.S. deaths of approximately 105,000.

The projected life claims are dependent on this estimate and many other variables, including, but not limited to, projected U.S. deaths from COVID-19, the timing and availability of effective treatments for the disease, vaccination rates and effectiveness of vaccines, impact from potential variants, and the ages and geographic areas in which infections and deaths occur.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Globe Life's operations on a segment-by-segment basis are discussed in depth below. Net operating income has been used consistently by management for many years to evaluate the operating performance of the Company and is a measure commonly used in the life insurance industry. It differs from GAAP net income primarily because it excludes certain non-operating items such as realized gains and losses and other significant and unusual items included in net income. Management believes an analysis of net operating income is important in understanding the profitability and operating trends of the Company’s business. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Analysis of Profitability by Segment

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		Change		%
Life insurance underwriting margin	$	556,159	$	477,395	$	78,764	16
Health insurance underwriting margin	239,044		223,619		15,425		7
Annuity underwriting margin	6,268		6,541		(273)		(4)
Excess investment income	175,257		179,737		(4,480)		(2)
Other insurance:
Other income	861		1,004		(143)		(14)
Administrative expense	(221,313)		(201,715)		(19,598)		10
Corporate and other	(34,692)		(31,549)		(3,143)		10
Pre-tax total	721,584		655,032		66,552		10
Applicable taxes	(135,777)		(119,468)		(16,309)		14
Net operating income	585,807		535,564		50,243		9
Reconciling items, net of tax:
Realized gain (loss)—investments	(52,808)		44,714		(97,522)
Realized loss—redemption of debt	—		(7,358)		7,358



Non-operating expenses	(3,736)		(1,894)		(1,842)
Legal proceedings	(1,119)		(4,020)		2,901

Net income	$	528,144	$	567,006	$	(38,862)	(7)

The life insurance segment is our primary segment and is the largest contributor to earnings in each period presented. The life insurance segment underwriting margin increased $79 million compared with the prior year nine month period due to growth in premiums and lower life claims. The health segment contributed to the growth in income as well, contributing $239 million of underwriting margin in the first nine months of 2022 compared with $224 million in the first nine months of 2021.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

In 2022, the largest contributor of total underwriting margin was the life insurance segment and the primary distribution channel was American Income Life Division. The following charts represent the breakdown of total underwriting margin by operating segment and distribution channel for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Total premium income rose 6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.2 billion. Total net sales increased 4% to $539 million, when compared with 2021. Total first-year collected premium (defined in the following section) was $436 million for 2022, compared with $435 million for 2021.

Life insurance premium income increased 5% to $2.3 billion over the prior-year total of $2.2 billion. Life net sales rose 3% to $405 million for the first nine months of 2022. First-year collected life premium declined 2% to $311 million. Life underwriting margins, as a percent of premium, increased to 25% in 2022 from 22%. Underwriting margin increased to $556 million in 2022, 16% over the same period in 2021.

Health insurance premium income increased 7% to $955 million over the prior-year total of $889 million. Health net sales rose 7% to $134 million for the first nine months of 2022. First-year collected health premium rose 6% to $124 million. Health underwriting margins, as a percent of premium, were 25% in 2022 and 2021. Health underwriting margin increased to $239 million for the first nine months of 2022, 7% over the same period in 2021.

Excess investment income, the measure of profitability of our investment segment, declined 2% during 2022 to $175 million from $180 million in the same period in 2021. Excess investment income per common share, reflecting the impact of our share repurchase program, increased 2% to $1.77 from $1.73 when compared with the same period in 2021.

Insurance administrative expenses increased 10% in 2022 when compared with the prior-year period. These expenses were 6.9% as a percent of premium during 2022 compared with 6.6% a year earlier.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 2.8 million Globe Life Inc. shares at a total cost of $279 million for an average share price of $98.46.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

The discussions of our segments are presented in the manner we view our operations, as described in Note 10—Business Segments.

We use three statistical measures as indicators of premium growth and sales over the near term: “annualized premium in force,” “net sales,” and “first-year collected premium.”

•Annualized premium in force is defined as the premium income that would be received over the following twelve months at any given date on all active policies if those policies remain in force throughout the twelve-month period. Annualized premium in force is an indicator of potential growth in premium revenue.

•Net sales, a statistical performance measure, is calculated as annualized premium issued, net of cancellations in the first thirty days after issue, except in the case of Direct to Consumer, where net sales is annualized premium issued at the time the first full premium is paid after any introductory offer period has expired. Management considers net sales to be a better indicator of the rate of premium growth than annualized premium issued.

•First-year collected premium is defined as the premium collected during the reporting period for all policies in their first policy year. First-year collected premium takes lapses into account in the first year when lapses are more likely to occur, and thus is a useful indicator of how much new premium is expected to be added to premium income in the future.

See further discussion of the distribution channels below for Life and Health.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

LIFE INSURANCE

Life insurance is the Company's predominant segment. During 2022, life premium represented 70% of total premium and life underwriting margin represented 69% of the total underwriting margin. Additionally, investments supporting the reserves for life products produce the majority of excess investment income attributable to the investment segment.

The following table presents the summary of results of life insurance. Further discussion of the results by distribution channel is included below.

Life Insurance

Summary of Results

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		%
Premium and policy charges	$	2,269,641	100	$	2,165,213	100	$	104,428	5

Policy obligations	1,555,004		68	1,532,298		71	22,706		1
Required interest on reserves	(575,710)		(25)	(547,715)		(25)	(27,995)		5
Net policy obligations	979,294		43	984,583		46	(5,289)		(1)
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition expenses	190,028		8	174,130		8	15,898		9
Amortization of acquisition costs	544,160		24	529,105		24	15,055		3
Total expense	1,713,482		75	1,687,818		78	25,664		2
Insurance underwriting margin	$	556,159	25	$	477,395	22	$	78,764	16

The higher life insurance underwriting margins, as well as the higher underwriting margins as a percentage of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are largely due to premium growth as well as a decrease in net policy obligations. Net policy obligations amounted to 43% of premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 46% in the year-ago period.

The following table presents Globe Life's life insurance premium by distribution channel.

Life Insurance

Premium by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
American Income	$	1,124,712	49	$	1,039,047	48	$	85,665	8
Direct to Consumer	743,041		33	734,046		34	8,995		1
Liberty National	244,242		11	232,118		11	12,124		5
Other	157,646		7	160,002		7	(2,356)		(1)
Total	$	2,269,641	100	$	2,165,213	100	$	104,428	5

Annualized life premium in force was $3.04 billion at September 30, 2022, an increase of 5% over $2.91 billion a year earlier.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

An analysis of life net sales, an indicator of new business production, by distribution channel is presented below.

Life Insurance

Net Sales by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
American Income	$	246,919	61	$	216,505	55	$	30,414	14
Direct to Consumer	95,303		23	115,041		29	(19,738)		(17)
Liberty National	55,138		14	52,357		14	2,781		5
Other	7,276		2	8,361		2	(1,085)		(13)
Total	$	404,636	100	$	392,264	100	$	12,372	3

First-year collected life premium by distribution channel is presented in the table below.

Life Insurance

First-Year Collected Premium by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
American Income	$	195,369	63	$	186,143	59	$	9,226	5
Direct to Consumer	67,072		22	87,135		27	(20,063)		(23)
Liberty National	42,076		13	36,984		12	5,092		14
Other	6,841		2	7,262		2	(421)		(6)
Total	$	311,358	100	$	317,524	100	$	(6,166)	(2)

A discussion of life operations by distribution channel follows.

The American Income Life Division markets to members of labor unions and continues to diversify its lead sources by building relationships with other affinity groups, utilizing third-party internet vendor leads, and obtaining referrals to facilitate sustainable growth. This division is Globe Life's largest contributor to life premium of any distribution channel at 49% of the Company's September 30, 2022 total. Net sales increased 14% to $247 million during the first nine months of 2022 compared with $217 million in 2021 for the same period. The underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, was 33% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, up from 31% in the year-ago period.

This division incurred $15 million in COVID-19 net life claims, representing approximately 1% of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $19 million in COVID-19 net life claims during the year-ago period.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

This division is anticipating an increase in net sales for the full year 2022 as compared with 2021 due in part to increased productivity plus an improvement in issue rates as some challenges in underwriting, such as staffing and speed of obtaining medical records and other information, are resolving. The average producing agent count is based on the actual count at the end of each week during the year. Despite the division's ability to recruit both virtually and in-person, retention challenges still exist. As a result of these challenges the division anticipates a 4% to 1% decline for the full year 2022. Sales growth in this division, as well as within our other exclusive agencies, is generally dependent on growth in the size of the agency force.

Below is the average producing agent count year-to-date for the American Income Life Division.


	At September 30,		Change
	2022	2021	Amount	%
American Income	9,511	10,118	(607)	(6)

American Income Life continues to focus on growing and strengthening the agency force, specifically through emphasis on agency middle-management growth and additional agency office openings. In addition to offering financial incentives and training opportunities, the agency has made considerable investments in information technology, including launching a customer relationship management (CRM) tool for the agency force. This tool is designed to drive productivity in lead distribution, conservation of business, manager dash boards and new agent recruiting. Additionally, this division has invested in and successfully implemented technology that allows the agency force to engage in virtual recruiting, training and sales activity. Over the course of the pandemic, the agents have shifted to primarily a virtual experience with the customers and have generated a vast majority of sales through virtual presentations. We find this flexibility to be enticing for new recruits as well as a driver of sustainability for our agency force.

The Direct to Consumer Division (DTC) offers adult and juvenile life insurance through a variety of marketing approaches, including direct mailings, insert media, and electronic media. In recent years, production from electronic media, which is comprised of sales through both the internet and inbound phone calls to our call center, has grown faster than direct mail response as customer demand increased marketing activity to internet and mobile technology. The proportion of sales from the internet and inbound phone calls had been steadily increasing prior to COVID-19, but accelerated after the start of the pandemic. The different approaches support and complement one another in the division's efforts to reach the consumer. The DTC's long-term growth has been fueled by constant innovation and name recognition. We continually introduce new initiatives in this division in an attempt to increase response rates.

While the juvenile market is an important source of sales, it is also a vehicle to reach the parents and grandparents of juvenile policyholders, who are more likely to respond favorably to a DTC solicitation for life coverage on themselves in comparison to the general adult population. Also, future offerings to juvenile policyholders and their parents are sources of low acquisition-cost life insurance sales in the future.

DTC net sales declined 17% to $95 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $115 million for the same period in the prior year. This decrease is primarily a result of the higher life net sales in the prior year, which we are seeing return to pre-pandemic levels. The decline is also due in part to the impact of recent record inflation on the cost of our direct mailings and on our customers, who generally have less discretionary income to purchase and retain life insurance. DTC incurred $21 million of COVID-19 net life claims, representing approximately 3% of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $42 million for the same period in 2021, or 6% of premium. DTC’s underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, was 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 8% for the same period in 2021, reflecting the lessening impact of COVID-19 on the division's underwriting results.

The Liberty National Division markets individual life insurance to middle-income household and worksite customers. Recent investments in new sales technologies as well as recent growth in middle management within the agency are expected to help continue this growth. The underwriting margin as a percent of premium was 20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, up from 18% during the same period a year ago. The increase is primarily attributable to lower net policy obligations in relation to premium during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with the same period a year ago. Further, this division incurred $6 million of COVID-19 net life

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

claims, representing approximately 3% of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $18 million, or 8% of premium for the same period in 2021, another contributing factor to the current quarter increase in underwriting margin.

Net sales rose 5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 over the same period in 2021. With the division's ability to return to face-to-face customer interaction and the option of virtual sales, the Company continues to project total life net sales to increase for the remainder of 2022 as compared to the prior year.

Below is the average producing agent count year-to-date for the Liberty National Division.


	At September 30,		Change
	2022	2021	Amount	%
Liberty National	2,718	2,713	5	—

The Liberty National Division average producing agent count was flat compared with the prior-year comparable period. We continue to execute our long-term plan to grow this agency through expansion from small-town markets in the Southeast to more densely populated areas with larger pools of potential agent recruits and customers. Continued expansion of this agency’s presence into more heavily populated, less-penetrated areas will help create long-term agency growth. Additionally, the agency continues to help improve the ability of agents to develop new worksite marketing business. Systems that have been put in place, including the addition of a CRM platform and enhanced analytical capabilities, have helped the agents develop additional worksite marketing opportunities as well as improve the productivity of agents selling in the individual life market. As the division continues to gain momentum in its sales and recruiting initiatives and advances its technology and CRM platform, the agency anticipates an increase in recruiting of new agents and an increase in the average producing agent count.

The Other Agencies distribution channels primarily include non-exclusive independent agencies selling predominantly life insurance. The Other Agencies contributed $158 million of life premium income, or 7% of Globe Life's total premium income in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and contributed 2% of net sales for the period.

HEALTH INSURANCE

Health insurance sold by the Company primarily includes Medicare Supplement insurance, accident coverage, and other limited-benefit supplemental health products including cancer, critical illness, heart, and intensive care coverage.

Health premium accounted for 30% of our total premium in 2022, while the health underwriting margin accounted for 30% of total underwriting margin. Health underwriting margin increased 7% to $239 million primarily due to higher premium growth. The Company continues to emphasize life insurance sales relative to health due to life’s superior long-term profitability and its greater contribution to excess investment income.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

The following table presents underwriting margin data for health insurance.

Health Insurance

Summary of Results

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		%
Premium	$	955,478	100	$	888,902	100	$	66,576	7

Policy obligations	592,488		62	564,589		64	27,899		5
Required interest on reserves	(81,740)		(9)	(76,288)		(9)	(5,452)		7
Net policy obligations	510,748		53	488,301		55	22,447		5
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition expenses	87,390		9	70,602		8	16,788		24
Amortization of acquisition costs	118,296		13	106,380		12	11,916		11
Total expense	716,434		75	665,283		75	51,151		8
Insurance underwriting margin	$	239,044	25	$	223,619	25	$	15,425	7

Globe Life markets supplemental health insurance products through a number of distribution channels. The following table is an analysis of our health premium by distribution channel.

Health Insurance

Premium by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
United American	$	401,657	42	$	351,544	39	$	50,113	14
Family Heritage	272,429		28	255,272		29	17,157		7
Liberty National	139,650		15	140,874		16	(1,224)		(1)
American Income	87,940		9	85,210		10	2,730		3
Direct to Consumer	53,802		6	56,002		6	(2,200)		(4)
Total	$	955,478	100	$	888,902	100	$	66,576	7

Premium related to limited-benefit plans comprise $522 million, or 55%, of the total health premiums for 2022 compared with $467 million in the same period in the prior year. Premium from Medicare Supplement products comprises the remaining $433 million, or 45%, for 2022 compared with $422 million, or 47%, in the same period in the prior year.

Annualized health premium in force was $1.32 billion at September 30, 2022, an increase of 4% over $1.27 billion a year earlier.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Presented below is a table of health net sales by distribution channel.

Health Insurance

Net Sales by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
United American	$	38,491	29	$	36,876	30	$	1,615	4
Family Heritage	60,097		45	54,111		43	5,986		11
Liberty National	20,304		15	18,943		15	1,361		7
American Income	13,634		10	13,777		11	(143)		(1)
Direct to Consumer	1,637		1	1,707		1	(70)		(4)
Total	$	134,163	100	$	125,414	100	$	8,749	7

Health net sales related to limited-benefit plans comprise $100 million, or 75%, of the total health net sales for 2022 compared with $87 million, or 70%, in the same period in the prior year. Medicare Supplement sales make up the remaining $34 million, or 25%, for 2022 compared with $38 million, or 30%, in the same period in the prior year.

The following table presents health insurance first-year collected premium by distribution channel.

Health Insurance

First-Year Collected Premium by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
United American	$	47,345	38	$	43,038	37	$	4,307	10
Family Heritage	44,617		36	42,835		36	1,782		4
Liberty National	16,870		13	15,049		13	1,821		12
American Income	13,167		11	14,220		12	(1,053)		(7)
Direct to Consumer	2,228		2	2,376		2	(148)		(6)
Total	$	124,227	100	$	117,518	100	$	6,709	6

First-year collected premium related to limited-benefit plans comprise $80 million, or 64%, of total first-year collected premium for 2022 compared with $73 million, or 62%, in the same period in the prior year. First-year collected premium from Medicare Supplement policies makes up the remaining $44 million, or 36%, for 2022 compared with $45 million, or 38%, in the same period in the prior year.

A discussion of health operations by distribution channel follows.

The United American Division consists of non-exclusive independent agencies who may also sell for other companies. The United American Division was Globe Life's largest health agency in terms of health premium income, with sales up 4% from the same period in the prior year.

This division is also Globe Life's largest producer of Medicare Supplement insurance. The United American Division represents 83% of all Medicare Supplement premium and 95% of Medicare Supplement net sales. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Medicare Supplement premium in this agency rose 5% to $360 million in 2022 over the prior period total of $344 million. Finally, the United American Division underwriting margin as a percent of premium was flat at 15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

The Family Heritage Division primarily markets limited-benefit supplemental health insurance in non-urban areas. Most of its policies include a cash-back feature, such as a return of premium, where any excess of premiums over claims paid is returned to the policyholder at the end of a specified period stated within the insurance policy. Underwriting margin as a percent of premium was 27% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the same as the year-ago period.

The division experienced an 11% increase in health net sales as compared with the nine-month period a year ago, primarily due to an increase in agent productivity and training. The division will continue to launch incentive programs to help drive an increase in productivity and the number of producing agents.

Below is the average producing agent count year-to-date for the Family Heritage Division. While the agency has seen a decrease in agent count as compared with 2021, the division did have an increase in agent count during the third quarter. We anticipate that as COVID-19 and the job market stabilizes, agent recruitment opportunities should continue to increase.


	At September 30,		Change
	2022	2021	Amount	%
Family Heritage Division	1,169	1,219	(50)	(4)

The Liberty National Division represented 15% of all Globe Life health premium income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. The Liberty National Division markets limited-benefit supplemental health products, consisting primarily of critical illness insurance. Much of Liberty National's health business is generated through worksite marketing targeting small businesses. Health premium at Liberty National Division was $140 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and $141 million for the same period in 2021. Liberty National's first-year collected premium rose 12% to $17 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $15 million for the same period in 2021. Health net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 rose 7% from the comparable period in 2021. We anticipate an increase in health net sales going forward as this division becomes more able to interact face-to-face with customers.

Other Distribution. The Company's other distribution channels, while primarily focused on selling life insurance, also market health products. The American Income Life Division primarily markets accident plans. The Direct to Consumer Division primarily markets Medicare Supplements to employer or union-sponsored groups. On a combined basis, these other channels accounted for 15% of health premium for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

ANNUITIES

Annuities represent an insignificant part of our business. We do not currently market stand-alone fixed or deferred annuity products, favoring instead protection-oriented life and supplemental health insurance products.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

INVESTMENTS

We manage our capital resources including investments, debt, and cash flow through the investment segment. Excess investment income represents the profit margin attributable to investment operations and is the measure that we use to evaluate the performance of the investment segment as described in Note 10—Business Segments. It is defined as net investment income less both the required interest on net insurance policy liabilities and the interest cost associated with capital funding or “financing costs.”

Management also views excess investment income per diluted common share as an important and useful measure to evaluate the performance of the investment segment. It is defined as excess investment income divided by the total diluted weighted average shares outstanding, representing the contribution by the investment segment to the consolidated earnings per share of the Company. Since implementing our share repurchase program in 1986, we have used $8.9 billion of excess cash flow at the Parent Company to repurchase Globe Life Inc. common shares after determining that the repurchases provided a greater risk adjusted after-tax return than other investment alternatives. If we had not used this excess cash to repurchase shares, but had instead invested it in interest-bearing assets, we would have earned more investment income and had more shares outstanding. As excess investment income per diluted common share incorporates all capital resources, we view excess investment income per diluted common share as a useful measure to evaluate the investment segment.

Excess Investment Income. The following table summarizes Globe Life's investment income, excess investment income, and excess investment income per diluted common share.

Analysis of Excess Investment Income

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Amount		%
Net investment income	$	733,101	$	713,103	$	19,998	3
Interest on net insurance policy liabilities:
Interest on reserves	(686,352)		(654,058)		(32,294)		5

Interest on deferred acquisition costs	194,245		184,525		9,720		5
Net required interest	(492,107)		(469,533)		(22,574)		5
Financing costs	(65,737)		(63,833)		(1,904)		3
Excess investment income	$	175,257	$	179,737	$	(4,480)	(2)

Excess investment income per diluted share	$	1.77	$	1.73	$	0.04	2

Mean invested assets (at amortized cost)	$	19,633,407	$	18,846,801	$	786,606	4
Average net insurance policy liabilities(1)	11,333,467		10,897,593		435,874		4
Average debt and preferred securities (at amortized cost)	2,126,284		2,060,672		65,612		3

(1)Net of deferred acquisition costs, excluding the associated unrealized gains and losses thereon.

Excess investment income declined $4.5 million, or 2%, compared with the year-ago period. Excess investment income per diluted common share was $1.77 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 an increase of 2% over the prior year period. Excess investment income per diluted common share generally increases at a faster pace than excess investment income because the number of diluted shares outstanding generally decreases from year to year as a result of our share repurchase program.

Net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $733 million or 3% greater than the year-ago period. Mean invested assets increased 4% during the first nine months of 2022 over the same period last year. The effective annual yield rate earned on the fixed maturity portfolio was 5.16% in the first nine months of 2022, compared with 5.23% a year earlier. Growth in net investment income has been negatively impacted in recent

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

years by the low interest rate environment. Generally, investment income grows at a slower rate than the assets when the yield on new investments is lower than the yield on dispositions or the average portfolio yield. It also increases at a faster rate than the assets when new investment yields exceed the yield on dispositions or the average portfolio yield. We currently expect that the average annual turnover rate of fixed maturity assets will be less than 2% over the next five years and will not have a material negative impact on net investment income. In addition to fixed maturities, the Company has also invested in limited partnerships with debt like characteristics that diversify risk and enhance risk-adjusted, capital-adjusted returns on the portfolio. The earned yield on the investment funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 5.25%. See additional information in Note 4—Investments. For the full year 2022, we currently anticipate the average new money rate on our fixed maturity acquisitions to be approximately 170 basis points higher than the yield achieved on our 2021 acquisitions. This expected increase in yields should result in the investment income growth rate being closer to the growth of our invested assets.

Globe Life's net investment income benefits from higher interest rates on new investments. While increasing interest rates have resulted in a net unrealized loss on the fixed maturities portfolio as of September 30, 2022, we are not concerned because we do not generally intend to sell, nor is it likely that we will be required to sell, the fixed maturities prior to their anticipated recovery.

Required interest on net insurance policy liabilities reduces net investment income, as it is the amount of net investment income considered by management necessary to “fund” required interest on net insurance policy liabilities, which is the net of the benefit reserve liability and the deferred acquisition cost asset. As such, it is removed from the investment segment and applied to the insurance segments to offset the effect of the required interest from the insurance segments. As discussed in Note 10—Business Segments, management regards this as a more meaningful analysis of the investment and insurance segments. Required interest is based on the actuarial interest assumptions used in discounting the benefit reserve liability and the amortization of deferred acquisition costs for our insurance policies in force.

The great majority of our life and health insurance policies are fixed interest rate protection policies, not investment products, and are accounted for under current GAAP accounting guidance for long-duration insurance products which mandate that interest rate assumptions for a particular block of business be “locked in” for the life of that block of business. Each calendar year, we set the discount rate to be used to calculate the benefit reserve liability and the amortization of the deferred acquisition cost asset for all insurance policies issued that year. That rate is based on the new money yields that we expect to earn on cash flow received in the future from policies of that issue year and cannot be changed. The discount rate used for policies issued in the current year has no impact on the in force policies issued in prior years as the rates of all prior issue years are also locked in. As such, the overall discount rate for the entire in force block of 5.8% is a weighted average of the discount rates being used from all issue years. Changes in the overall weighted-average discount rate over time are caused by changes in the mix of the reserves and the deferred acquisition cost asset by issue year on the entire block of in force business. Business issued in the current year has very little impact on the overall weighted-average discount rate due to the size of our in force business. In 2023, new guidance will become effective that will significantly impact the accounting for our long duration contracts including the determination of required interest. Please see Note 2—New Accounting Standards for additional information.

Since actuarial discount rates are locked in for life on essentially all of our business, benefit reserves and deferred acquisition costs are not affected by interest rate fluctuations unless a loss recognition event occurs. Due to the strength and consistency of our underwriting margins, we do not expect an extended low interest rate environment will cause a loss recognition event.

In comparison to the year-ago period, required interest on net insurance policy liabilities increased $23 million, or 5%, to $492 million, compared with the 4% growth in average net interest-bearing insurance policy liabilities.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Financing costs for the investment segment consist primarily of interest on our various debt instruments. The table below presents the components of financing costs and reconciles interest expense per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Analysis of Financing Costs

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2022		2021		Amount		%
Interest on funded debt	$	60,235	$	59,556	$	679	1

Interest on short-term debt	5,463		4,257		1,206		28
Other	39		20		19		95
Financing costs	$	65,737	$	63,833	$	1,904	3

During the first nine months of 2022, financing costs increased 3% compared with the prior year. The increase in financing costs is primarily due to higher short-term interest rates. More information on our debt transactions is disclosed in the Financial Condition section of this report.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Realized Gains and Losses. Our life and health insurance companies collect premium income from policyholders for the eventual payment of policyholder benefits, sometimes paid many years or even decades in the future. Since benefits are expected to be paid in future periods, premium receipts in excess of current expenses are invested to provide for these obligations. For this reason, we hold a significant investment portfolio as a part of our core insurance operations. This portfolio consists primarily of high-quality fixed maturities containing an adequate yield to provide for the cost of carrying these long-term insurance product obligations. As a result, fixed maturities are generally held for long periods to support these obligations. Expected yields on these investments are taken into account when setting insurance premium rates and product profitability expectations.

Despite our intent to hold fixed maturity investments for a long period of time, investments are occasionally sold, exchanged, called, or experience a credit loss event, resulting in a realized gain or loss. Gains or losses are only secondary to our core insurance operations of providing insurance coverage to policyholders. In a bond exchange offer, bondholders may consent to exchange their existing bonds for another class of debt securities. The Company also has investments in certain limited partnerships, held under the fair value option, with fair value changes recognized in Realized gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Realized gains and losses can be significant in relation to the earnings from core insurance operations, and as a result, can have a material positive or negative impact on net income. The significant fluctuations caused by gains and losses can cause period-to-period trends of net income that are not indicative of historical core operating results or predictive of the future trends of core operations. Accordingly, they have no bearing on core insurance operations or segment results as we view operations. For these reasons, and in line with industry practice, we remove the effects of realized gains and losses when evaluating overall insurance operating results.

The following table summarizes our tax-effected realized gains (losses) by component.

Analysis of Realized Gains (Losses), Net of Tax

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022				2021
	Amount		Per Share		Amount		Per Share
Fixed maturities:
Sales	$	(43,802)	$	(0.44)	$	(8,424)	$	(0.08)
Matured or other redemptions(1)	20,001		0.20		34,161		0.33
Provision for credit losses	306		0.01		2,643		0.02
Fair value option—change in fair value	(12,594)		(0.13)		11,070		0.11
Other(2)	(16,719)		(0.17)		5,264		0.05
Total realized gains (losses)—investments	(52,808)		(0.53)		44,714		0.43
Loss on redemption of debt	—		—		(7,358)		(0.07)
Total realized gains (losses)	$	(52,808)	$	(0.53)	$	37,356	$	0.36

(1)During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $24.0 million and $108.3 million of exchanges of fixed maturity securities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $0 and $19.9 million, respectively, in realized gains, net of tax.

(2)Other realized gains (losses) are primarily a result of changes in the fair value of exchange traded funds.

As investment yields increased in the first nine months of 2022, the Company disposed of certain fixed maturity investments to improve the risk-adjusted, capital-adjusted returns on the portfolio. While we realized losses, we were able to enhance the yield, credit quality and diversification of the portfolio.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Investment Acquisitions. Globe Life's investment policy calls for investing primarily in investment grade fixed maturities that meet our quality and yield objectives. We generally invest in securities with longer maturities because they more closely match the long-term nature of our policy liabilities. We believe this strategy is appropriate since our expected future cash flows are generally stable and predictable and the likelihood that we will need to sell invested assets to raise cash is low.

The following table summarizes selected information for fixed maturity investments. The effective annual yield shown is based on the acquisition price and call features, if any, of the securities. For non-callable bonds, the yield is calculated to maturity date. For callable bonds acquired at a premium, the yield is calculated to the earliest known call date and call price after acquisition ("first call date"). For all other callable bonds, the yield is calculated to maturity date.

Fixed Maturity Acquisitions Selected Information

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
Cost of acquisitions:
Investment-grade corporate securities	$	634,213		$	490,169
Investment-grade municipal securities	541,670			239,754
Other investment-grade securities	5,491			10,465
Total fixed maturity acquisitions(1)	$	1,181,374		$	740,388

Effective annual yield (one year compounded)(2)	5.00		%	3.36		%
Average life (in years, to next call)	12.9			25.0
Average life (in years, to maturity)	23.1			32.0
Average rating	A			A+

(1)Fixed maturity acquisitions included unsettled trades of $3 million in 2022 and $52 million in 2021.

(2)Tax-equivalent basis, where the yield on tax-exempt securities is adjusted to produce a yield equivalent to the pretax yield on taxable securities.

For investments in callable bonds, the actual life of the investment will depend on whether the issuer calls the investment prior to the maturity date. Given our investments in callable bonds, the actual average life of our investments cannot be known at the time of the investment. Absent sales and "make-whole calls", however, the average life will not be less than the average life to next call and will not exceed the average life to maturity. Data for both of these average life measures is provided in the above chart.

Acquisitions in both periods consisted primarily of corporate and municipal bonds with securities spanning a diversified range of issuers, industry sectors, and geographical regions. In the first nine months of 2022, we invested primarily in the municipal, financial and industrial sectors. For the entire portfolio, the taxable equivalent effective yield earned was 5.16%, down approximately 7 basis points from the yield in the first nine months of 2021. While the taxable equivalent effective yield earned on the portfolio is down from the prior year, the yield increased in each of the second and third quarters of 2022 due to the impact of rising rates. Further, as previously noted in the discussion of net investment income, the decrease in taxable equivalent effective yield was primarily due to the combination of lower interest rates applicable to new purchases and fixed maturity dispositions. For the remainder of 2022, the Company will continue to execute on its existing strategy by seeking to invest in assets that satisfy our quality and other objectives, while maximizing the highest risk-adjusted capital-adjusted return.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Since fixed maturities represent such a significant portion of our investment portfolio, the remainder of the discussion of portfolio composition will focus on fixed maturities. See a breakdown of the Company's Other long-term investments in Note 4—Investments.

Selected information concerning the fixed maturity portfolio is as follows:

Fixed Maturity Portfolio Selected Information


	At
	September 30, 2022	December 31, 2021	September 30, 2021
Average annual effective yield(1)	5.18%	5.17%	5.20%
Average life, in years, to:
Next call(2)	14.9	15.7	15.9
Maturity(2)	18.6	19.0	19.0
Effective duration to:
Next call(2,3)	8.8	10.6	10.8
Maturity(2,3)	10.3	12.2	12.1

(1)Tax-equivalent basis. The yield on tax-exempt securities is adjusted to produce a yield equivalent to the pretax yield on taxable securities.

(2)Globe Life calculates the average life and duration of the fixed maturity portfolio two ways:

(a) based on the next call date which is the next call date for callable bonds and the maturity date for noncallable bonds, and

(b) based on the maturity date of all bonds, whether callable or not.

(3)Effective duration is a measure of the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security to a 1% change in interest rates.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Credit Risk Sensitivity. The following tables summarize certain information about the major corporate sectors and security types held in our fixed maturity portfolio at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Fixed Maturities by Sector

September 30, 2022

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Below Investment Grade								Total Fixed Maturities								% of Total Fixed Maturities
	Amortized Cost, net		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost, net		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		At Amortized Cost, net	At Fair Value

Corporates:
Financial
Insurance - life, health, P&C	$	107,437	$	—	$	(14,758)	$	92,679	$	2,356,333	$	39,742	$	(222,270)	$	2,173,805	13	14
Banks	26,953		82		(202)		26,833		1,269,658		7,545		(120,097)		1,157,106		7	7
Other financial	74,964		—		(19,314)		55,650		1,192,463		2,626		(210,011)		985,078		7	6
Total financial	209,354		82		(34,274)		175,162		4,818,454		49,913		(552,378)		4,315,989		27	27
Industrial
Energy	44,740		—		(10,652)		34,088		1,466,551		14,281		(135,922)		1,344,910		8	8
Basic materials	—		—		—		—		1,081,323		4,321		(123,165)		962,479		6	6
Consumer, non-cyclical	—		—		—		—		2,143,385		12,625		(278,030)		1,877,980		12	12
Other industrials	25,488		—		(857)		24,631		1,229,536		15,906		(140,728)		1,104,714		7	7
Communications	28,550		—		(1,813)		26,737		850,521		5,150		(123,633)		732,038		5	5
Transportation	—		—		—		—		539,172		7,405		(41,223)		505,354		3	3
Consumer. cyclical	150,309		—		(27,177)		123,132		590,783		3,801		(91,898)		502,686		3	3
Technology	—		—		—		—		242,846		—		(68,118)		174,728		1	1
Total industrial	249,087		—		(40,499)		208,588		8,144,117		63,489		(1,002,717)		7,204,889		45	45
Utilities	35,499		331		(2,970)		32,860		1,906,747		30,252		(144,762)		1,792,237		10	11
Total corporates	493,940		413		(77,743)		416,610		14,869,318		143,654		(1,699,857)		13,313,115		82	83
States, municipalities, and political divisions:
General obligations	—		—		—		—		899,094		3,716		(202,376)		700,434		5	5
Revenues	—		—		—		—		1,839,923		21,008		(396,100)		1,464,831		10	9
Total states, municipalities, and political divisions	—		—		—		—		2,739,017		24,724		(598,476)		2,165,265		15	14
Other fixed maturities:
Government (U.S. and foreign)	—		—		—		—		439,501		44		(46,787)		392,758		2	2
Collateralized debt obligations	36,721		13,874		—		50,595		36,721		13,874		—		50,595		—	—
Other asset-backed securities	12,707		—		(624)		12,083		88,914		5		(5,512)		83,407		1	1
Total fixed maturities	$	543,368	$	14,287	$	(78,367)	$	479,288	$	18,173,471	$	182,301	$	(2,350,632)	$	16,005,140	100	100

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Fixed Maturities by Sector

December 31, 2021

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Below Investment Grade								Total Fixed Maturities								% of Total Fixed Maturities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		At Amortized Cost, net	At Fair Value

Corporates:
Financial
Insurance - life, health, P&C	$	57,470	$	3,825	$	(4,807)	$	56,488	$	2,345,116	$	513,844	$	(5,553)	$	2,853,407	13	13
Banks	26,980		614		—		27,594		983,317		207,466		(1,635)		1,189,148		6	6
Other financial	97,800		547		(1,103)		97,244		1,240,340		186,431		(2,161)		1,424,610		7	7
Total financial	182,250		4,986		(5,910)		181,326		4,568,773		907,741		(9,349)		5,467,165		26	26
Industrial
Energy	118,538		15,941		(1,445)		133,034		1,587,892		346,780		(1,683)		1,932,989		9	9
Basic materials	—		—		—		—		1,145,222		279,175		(50)		1,424,347		6	7
Consumer, non-cyclical	84,106		13,059		(2,697)		94,468		2,256,802		475,012		(3,397)		2,728,417		13	13
Other industrials	25,565		3,182		—		28,747		1,254,243		286,889		(589)		1,540,543		7	7
Communications	28,699		3,002		—		31,701		876,058		153,295		(3,610)		1,025,742		5	5
Transportation	25,555		5,588		—		31,143		559,399		135,581		(38)		694,942		3	3
Consumer. cyclical	150,624		18,805		(3,429)		166,000		575,597		106,438		(3,594)		678,441		3	3
Technology	—		—		—		—		212,138		18,074		(2,084)		228,129		1	1
Total industrial	433,087		59,577		(7,571)		485,093		8,467,351		1,801,244		(15,045)		10,253,550		47	48
Utilities	36,284		3,888		—		40,172		1,931,391		490,119		(1,012)		2,420,498		11	11
Total corporates	651,621		68,451		(13,481)		706,591		14,967,515		3,199,104		(25,406)		18,141,213		84	85
States, municipalities, and political divisions:
General obligations	—		—		—		—		736,853		56,163		(2,060)		790,956		4	4
Revenues	—		—		—		—		1,516,144		182,972		(847)		1,698,269		9	8
Total states, municipalities, and political divisions	—		—		—		—		2,252,997		239,135		(2,907)		2,489,225		13	12
Other fixed maturities:
Government (U.S., municipal, and foreign)	—		—		—		—		442,944		65,413		(5,296)		503,061		2	2
Collateralized debt obligations	36,468		27,037		—		63,505		36,468		27,037		—		63,505		—	—
Other asset-backed securities	13,457		—		(414)		13,043		104,998		3,715		(430)		108,283		1	1
Total fixed maturities	$	701,546	$	95,488	$	(13,895)	$	783,139	$	17,804,922	$	3,534,404	$	(34,039)	$	21,305,287	100	100

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Corporate securities, which consist of bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, were the largest component of the September 30, 2022 fixed maturity portfolio, representing 82% of amortized cost, net and 83% of fair value. The remainder of the portfolio is invested primarily in securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. municipalities. The Company holds insignificant amounts in foreign government bonds, collateralized debt obligations, asset-backed securities, and mortgage-backed securities. Corporate securities are diversified over a variety of industry sectors and issuers. At September 30, 2022, the total fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 957 issuers.

Fixed maturities had a fair value of $16.0 billion at September 30, 2022, compared with $21.3 billion at December 31, 2021. The net unrealized gain (loss) position in the fixed-maturity portfolio decreased from a $3.5 billion gain position at December 31, 2021 to a loss position of $2.2 billion at September 30, 2022 due to an increase in market rates during the period.

For more information about our fixed maturity portfolio by component at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, including a discussion of allowance for credit losses, an analysis of unrealized investment losses and a schedule of maturities, see Note 4—Investments.

An analysis of the fixed maturity portfolio by a composite quality rating at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, is shown in the following tables. The composite rating for each security, other than private-placement securities managed by third parties, is the average of the security’s ratings as assigned by Moody’s Investor Service, Standard & Poor’s, Fitch Ratings, and Dominion Bond Rating Service, LTD. The ratings assigned by these four nationally recognized statistical rating organizations are evenly weighted when calculating the average. The composite quality rating is created utilizing a methodology developed by Globe Life using ratings from the various rating agencies noted above. The composite quality rating is not a Standard & Poor's credit rating. Standard & Poor's does not sponsor, endorse or promote the composite quality rating and shall not be liable for any use of the composite quality rating. Included in the following chart are private placement fixed maturity holdings of $496 million at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses ($452 million at fair value) for which the ratings were assigned by the third-party managers.

Fixed Maturities by Rating

At September 30, 2022

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Amortized Cost, net		% of Total	Fair Value		% of Total	Average Composite Quality Rating on Amortized Cost, net
Investment grade:
AAA	$	808,711	4	$	698,863	4
AA	2,718,264		15	2,119,427		13
A	4,641,273		26	4,241,565		27
BBB+	3,937,714		22	3,557,723		22
BBB	4,268,902		23	3,785,672		24
BBB-	1,255,239		7	1,122,602		7
Total investment grade	17,630,103		97	15,525,852		97	A-

Below investment grade:
BB	462,670		3	391,574		3
B	43,977		—	37,119		—
Below B	36,721		—	50,595		—
Total below investment grade	543,368		3	479,288		3	BB-
	$	18,173,471	100	$	16,005,140	100

Weighted average composite quality rating							A-

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Fixed Maturities by Rating

At December 31, 2021

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Amortized Cost		% of Total	Fair Value		% of Total	Average Composite Quality Rating on Amortized Cost
Investment grade:
AAA	$	761,526	4	$	867,728	4
AA	2,215,179		13	2,412,947		11
A	4,487,607		25	5,584,588		26
BBB+	3,779,051		21	4,616,977		22
BBB	4,289,044		24	5,174,667		24
BBB-	1,570,969		9	1,865,241		9
Total investment grade	17,103,376		96	20,522,148		96	A-

Below investment grade:
BB	537,064		3	583,608		3
B	128,402		1	136,026		1
Below B	36,080		—	63,505		—
Total below investment grade	701,546		4	783,139		4	BB-
	$	17,804,922	100	$	21,305,287	100

Weighted average composite quality rating							A-

The overall quality rating of the portfolio is A-, the same as year-end 2021. Fixed maturities rated BBB are 52% of the total portfolio at September 30, 2022 compared with 54% at year-end 2021, and the percentage of BBB bonds to the overall portfolio has been declining since the end of 2018. While this ratio is high relative to our peers, we have limited exposure to higher-risk assets such as derivatives, equities, and asset-backed securities. Additionally, the Company does not participate in securities lending and has no off-balance sheet investments as of September 30, 2022. Of our fixed maturity purchases, BBB securities generally provide the Company with the best risk-adjusted, capital-adjusted returns largely due to our ability to hold securities to maturity regardless of fluctuations in interest rates or equity markets.

An analysis of changes in our portfolio of below-investment grade fixed maturities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses is as follows:

Below-Investment Grade Fixed Maturities

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	701,546	$	840,739
Downgrades by rating agencies	50,163		—
Upgrades by rating agencies	(97,495)		—
Dispositions	(115,108)		(64,030)
Provision for credit losses	(31)		3,346
Amortization and other	4,293		2,396
Balance at end of period	$	543,368	$	782,451

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Our investment policy calls for investing primarily in fixed maturities that are investment grade and meet our quality and yield objectives. Thus, any increases in below-investment grade issues are typically a result of ratings downgrades of existing holdings. Below-investment grade bonds at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses, were 9% of our shareholders’ equity, excluding the effect of unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturities as of September 30, 2022. Globe Life invests long term and as such, one of our key criterion in our investment process is to select issuers that have the ability to weather multiple financial cycles.

OPERATING EXPENSES

Operating expenses are included in the "Corporate and Other" segment and are classified into two categories: insurance administrative expenses and expenses of the Parent Company. Insurance administrative expenses generally include expenses incurred after a policy has been issued. As these expenses relate to premium for a given period, management measures the expenses as a percentage of premium income. The Company also views stock-based compensation expense as a Parent Company expense. Expenses associated with the issuance of our insurance policies are reflected as acquisition expenses and included in the determination of underwriting margin.

An analysis of operating expenses is shown below.

Operating Expenses Selected Information

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase
	2022			2021			(Decrease)
	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		%
Insurance administrative expenses:
Salaries	$	94,883	2.9	$	85,616	2.8	$	9,267	11
Other employee costs	31,992		1.0	32,970		1.1	(978)		(3)
Information technology costs	40,807		1.3	35,561		1.2	5,246		15
Legal costs	9,175		0.3	10,743		0.3	(1,568)		(15)
Other administrative costs	44,456		1.4	36,825		1.2	7,631		21
Total insurance administrative expenses	221,313		6.9	201,715		6.6	19,598		10

Parent company expense	8,089			7,251			838
Stock compensation expense	26,603			24,298			2,305

Legal proceedings	1,416			5,089			(3,673)
Non-operating expenses	4,729			2,397			2,332

Total operating expenses, per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	$	262,150		$	240,750		$	21,400	9

Total operating expenses for the first nine months increased 9% over the prior year period reflecting higher insurance administrative expenses. Insurance administrative expenses increased $20 million primarily due to higher information technology costs, including associated information technology salaries, higher employee costs in general, and higher administrative costs associated with the acquisition of Globe Life Benefits, which occurred in late 2021. Insurance administrative expenses as a percent of premium were 6.9%, compared to 6.6% for the same period in 2021.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

SHARE REPURCHASES

Globe Life has an ongoing share repurchase program that began in 1986, and is reviewed with the Board of Directors by management quarterly and annually reaffirmed by the Board of Directors. With no specified authorization amount, we determine the amount of repurchases based on the amount of the excess cash flows after the payment of dividends to the Parent Company shareholders, general market conditions, and other alternative uses. Excess cash flow at the Parent Company is primarily comprised of dividends received from the insurance subsidiaries less interest expense paid on its debt and other limited operating activities. The majority of our share repurchases are made from excess cash flow after the payment of shareholder dividends. Additionally, when stock options are exercised, proceeds from these exercises and the resulting tax benefit are used to repurchase additional shares on the open market to minimize dilution as a result of the option exercises. On August 10, 2022, the Board of Directors reauthorized the Parent Company’s share repurchase program in amounts and with timing that management, in consultation with the Board, determines to be in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders.

The following chart summarizes share repurchases for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Analysis of Share Repurchases

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022					2021
	Shares	Amount		Average Price		Shares	Amount		Average Price
Purchases with:
Excess cash flow at the Parent Company	2,832	$	278,822	$	98.46	3,191	$	310,047	$	97.17
Option exercise proceeds	555	56,630		102.04		824	83,333		101.05
Total	3,387	$	335,452	$	99.04	4,015	$	393,380	$	97.97

Throughout the remainder of this discussion, share repurchases will only refer to those made from excess cash flow at the Parent Company.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Liquidity. Liquidity provides Globe Life with the ability to meet on demand the cash commitments required to support our business operations and meet our financial obligations. Our liquidity is primarily derived from multiple sources: positive cash flow from operations, a portfolio of marketable securities, a revolving credit facility, commercial paper and the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB).

Insurance Subsidiary Liquidity. The operations of our insurance subsidiaries have historically generated substantial cash inflows in excess of immediate cash needs. Cash inflows for the insurance subsidiaries primarily include premium and investment income. In addition to investment income, maturities and scheduled repayments in the investment portfolio are cash inflows. Cash outflows from operations include policy benefit payments, commissions, administrative expenses, and taxes. A portion of the excess cash inflows in the current year will provide for the payment of future policy benefits and are invested primarily in long-term fixed maturities as they better match the long-term nature of these obligations. Excess cash available from the insurance subsidiaries’ operations is generally distributed as a dividend to the Parent Company, subject to regulatory restrictions. The dividends are generally paid in amounts equal to the subsidiaries’ prior year statutory net income excluding realized capital gains. While the leading source of the excess cash is investment income, a significant portion of the excess cash also comes from underwriting income due to our high underwriting margins and effective expense control. While the insurance subsidiaries annually generate more operating cash inflows than cash outflows, the companies also have the entire available-for-sale fixed maturity investment portfolio available to create additional cash flows if required.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Four of our insurance subsidiaries are members of the FHLB of Dallas. FHLB membership provides the insurance subsidiaries with access to various low-cost collateralized borrowings and funding agreements. While not the only source of liquidity, the FHLB could provide the insurance subsidiaries with an additional source of liquidity, if needed. Refer to Note 9—Debt for further details.

Parent Company Liquidity. An important source of Parent Company liquidity is the dividends from its insurance subsidiaries. These dividends are received throughout the year and are used by the Parent Company to pay dividends on common and preferred stock, interest and principal repayment requirements on Parent Company debt, and operating expenses of the Parent Company.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		Projected 2022		2021
Liquidity Sources:
Dividends from Subsidiaries	$	353,109	$	422,622	$	410,000	$	478,535
Excess Cash Flows(1)	269,037		334,471		280,000		370,120

(1)Excess cash flows are reported net of shareholder dividends. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, shareholder dividends were $60 million. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we project approximately $80 million in shareholder dividends, consistent with the $80 million paid in 2021.

Dividends from subsidiaries and excess cash flows are projected to be lower in 2022 than in 2021 primarily due to higher COVID life losses and the growth in our exclusive agency sales, both of which resulted in lower cash flows generated by the affiliates to the Parent. Additional sources of liquidity for the Parent Company are cash, intercompany receivables, intercompany borrowings, public debt markets, term loans, and a revolving credit facility. At September 30, 2022, the Parent Company had access to $141 million of invested cash, net intercompany receivables and other liquid assets.

Short-Term Borrowings. An additional source of Parent Company liquidity is a credit facility with a group of lenders allowing for unsecured borrowings and stand-by letters of credit up to $750 million, which could be extended up to $1 billion. While the Parent Company may request the extension, it is not guaranteed. Up to $250 million in letters of credit can be issued against the facility. The facility serves as a back-up line of credit for a commercial paper program under which commercial paper may be issued at any time, with total commercial paper outstanding not to exceed the facility maximum, less any letters of credit issued. Interest charged on the commercial paper program resembles variable rate debt due to its short term nature. On September 30, 2021, Globe Life amended the credit agreement dated August 24, 2020. The five-year credit agreement will now mature on September 30, 2026. As of September 30, 2022, the Parent Company was in full compliance with all covenants related to the aforementioned debt.

As a part of the credit facility, Globe Life has stand-by letters of credits. These letters of credit are issued on behalf of our insurance subsidiaries.

The following table presents certain information about our commercial paper borrowings.

Credit Facility—Commercial Paper

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	At
	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021			September 30, 2021
Balance of commercial paper at end of period (par value)	$	270,000		$	330,033		$	244,000
Annualized interest rate	3.13		%	0.29		%	0.20		%
Letters of credit outstanding	$	125,000		$	125,000		$	135,000
Remaining amount available under credit line	355,000			294,967			371,000

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Credit Facility—Commercial Paper Activity

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
Average balance of commercial paper outstanding during period (par value)	$	322,788		$	306,126
Daily-weighted average interest rate (annualized)	1.15		%	0.23		%
Maximum daily amount outstanding during period (par value)	$	500,529		$	425,000

The Company reduced the commercial paper borrowings by $60 million since year-end, utilizing a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of a new senior debt offering. See Note 9—Debt for more information regarding this offering. We had no difficulties in accessing the commercial paper market under this facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Globe Life expects to have readily available funds for 2022 and the foreseeable future to conduct its operations and to maintain target capital ratios in the insurance subsidiaries through liquid assets currently available, internally-generated cash flow and the credit facility. In the unlikely event that more liquidity is needed, the Parent Company could generate additional funds through multiple sources including, but not limited to, the issuance of debt, an additional short-term credit facility or term loan, and intercompany borrowing.

Consolidated Liquidity. Consolidated net cash inflows from operations were $1.05 billion in the first nine months of 2022, compared with $1.06 billion in the same period of 2021. The decrease is primarily attributable to fluctuations in the settlement of certain amounts included in other liabilities. In addition to cash inflows from operations, our insurance companies received proceeds from dispositions of fixed maturities available for sale in the amount of $388 million during the 2022 period. As previously noted under the caption Credit Facility, the Parent Company has in place a revolving credit facility. The insurance companies have no additional outstanding credit facilities.

Cash and short-term investments were $171 million at September 30, 2022, compared with $161 million at December 31, 2021. In addition to these liquid assets, the entire $16.0 billion (fair value at September 30, 2022) portfolio of fixed income securities is available for sale in the event of an unexpected need. Approximately 97% of our fixed income securities are publicly traded, freely tradable under SEC Rule 144, or qualified for resale under SEC Rule 144A. We generally expect to hold fixed income securities to maturity, and even though these securities are classified as available for sale, we have the ability and general intent to hold any securities to recovery. Our strong cash flows from operations, on-going investment maturities, and available liquidity under our credit facility make any need to sell securities for liquidity highly unlikely.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Capital Resources. The Parent Company's capital structure consists of short-term debt (the commercial paper facility and current maturities of long-term debt), long-term debt, and shareholders’ equity.

Long-Term Borrowings. The outstanding long-term debt at book value was $1.6 billion at September 30, 2022 and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2021. Refer to Note 9—Debt for a complete analysis and description of long-term debt issues outstanding.

Selected Information about Debt Issues

As of September 30, 2022

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


Instrument	Issue Date	Maturity Date	Coupon Rate	Interest Payment Dates	Par Value		Book Value		Fair Value
Senior notes	05/27/1993	05/15/2023	7.875%	semiannual	$	165,612	$	165,427	$	167,781
Senior notes	09/27/2018	09/15/2028	4.550%	semiannual	550,000		545,438		526,702
Senior notes	08/21/2020	08/15/2030	2.150%	semiannual	400,000		396,109		310,560
Senior notes(1)	05/19/2022	06/15/2032	4.800%	semiannual	250,000		245,384		231,700
Senior notes	11/17/2017	11/17/2057	5.275%	semiannual	125,000		123,406		124,016
Junior subordinated debentures	06/14/2021	06/15/2061	4.250%	quarterly	325,000		317,210		252,545
					1,815,612		1,792,974		1,613,304
Less current maturity of long-term debt					165,612		165,427		167,781
Total long-term debt					1,650,000		1,627,547		1,445,523

Current maturity of long-term debt					165,612		165,427		167,781
Commercial paper					270,000		269,310		269,310
Total short-term debt					435,612		434,737		437,091

Total debt					$	2,085,612	$	2,062,284	$	1,882,614

(1)An additional $150 million par value and book value is held by insurance subsidiaries that eliminates in consolidation.

Subsidiary Capital: The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has established a risk-based factor approach for determining threshold risk-based capital levels for all insurance companies. This approach was designed to assist the regulatory bodies in identifying companies that may require regulatory attention. A Risk-Based Capital (RBC) ratio is typically determined by dividing adjusted total statutory capital by the amount of risk-based capital determined using the NAIC’s factors. If a company’s RBC ratio approaches two times the RBC amount, the company must file a plan with the NAIC for improving its capital levels (this level is commonly referred to as “Company Action Level” RBC). Companies typically hold a multiple of the Company Action Level RBC depending on their particular business needs and risk profile.

Our goal is to maintain statutory capital within our insurance subsidiaries at levels necessary to support our current ratings. For 2022, Globe Life has targeted a consolidated Company Action Level RBC ratio of 300% to 320%. The Company concludes that this capital level is more than adequate and sufficient to support its current ratings, given the nature of its business and its risk profile. As of December 31, 2021, our consolidated Company Action Level RBC ratio was 315%. The Parent Company is committed to maintaining the targeted consolidated RBC ratio at its insurance subsidiaries and has sufficient liquidity available to provide additional capital if necessary.

Shareholders' Equity: On September 7, 2022, the Parent Company announced that it had declared a quarterly dividend of $0.2075 per share. This dividend was paid on November 1, 2022.

Shareholders’ equity was $4.4 billion at September 30, 2022. This compares with $8.6 billion at December 31, 2021 and $8.6 billion at September 30, 2021. During the nine months since December 31, 2021, shareholders’ equity decreased primarily due to a $4.5 billion decline in the fair value of the fixed-maturity portfolio as interest rates have

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

increased over the period. In addition, shareholders' equity increased by net income of $528 million during the first nine months of 2022, but was offset by share repurchases of $279 million and an additional $57 million in share repurchases to offset the dilution from stock option exercises.

We plan to use excess cash available at the Parent Company as efficiently as possible in the future. Possible uses of excess cash flow include, but are not limited to, share repurchases, acquisitions, shareholder dividend payments, investments in securities, or repayment of short-term debt. We will determine the best use of excess cash after ensuring that targeted capital levels are maintained in our insurance subsidiaries. If market conditions are favorable, we currently expect that share repurchases will continue to be a primary use of those funds.

Globe Life is required under GAAP to revalue its available for sale fixed maturity portfolio to fair market value at the end of each accounting period. These changes, net of their associated impact on deferred acquisition costs and income tax, are reflected directly in shareholders’ equity. Fluctuations in interest rates cause undue volatility in the period-to-period presentation of our shareholders’ equity, capital structure, and financial ratios. Due to the long-term nature of our fixed maturity investments and policy liabilities and the strong cash flows consistently generated by our insurance subsidiaries, we have the ability to hold our securities to maturity. As such, we do not expect to incur losses due to fluctuations in market value of fixed maturities caused by market rate changes and temporarily illiquid markets. Accordingly, our management, credit rating agencies, lenders, many industry analysts, and certain other financial statement users prefer to remove the effect of this accounting rule when analyzing our balance sheet, capital structure, and financial ratios.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

The following table presents selected data related to our capital resources. Additionally, the table presents the effect of this accounting guidance on relevant line items, so that investors and other financial statement users may determine its impact on Globe Life's capital structure. Excluding the effect of unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio from shareholders' equity is considered non-GAAP. Below we include the reconciliation to GAAP.

Selected Financial Data

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	At
	September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021						September 30, 2021
	GAAP			Effect of Accounting Rule Requiring Revaluation(1)			GAAP			Effect of Accounting Rule Requiring Revaluation(1)			GAAP			Effect of Accounting Rule Requiring Revaluation(1)
Fixed maturities	$	16,005,140		$	(2,168,331)		$	21,305,287		$	3,500,365		$	21,160,866		$	3,538,838
Deferred acquisition costs(2)	5,162,172			6,827			4,914,728			(4,327)			4,837,409			(4,756)
Total assets	24,838,788			(2,161,504)			29,768,048			3,496,038			29,496,578			3,534,082
Short-term debt	434,737			—			479,644			—			393,593			—
Long-term debt	1,627,547			—			1,546,494			—			1,546,194			—
Shareholders' equity	4,361,598			(1,707,588)			8,642,806			2,761,870			8,608,151			2,791,925

Book value per diluted share	44.56			(17.45)			85.97			27.47			84.52			27.41
Debt to capitalization(3)	32.1		%	6.7		%	19.0		%	(6.6)		%	18.4		%	(6.6)		%

Diluted shares outstanding	97,875						100,535						101,848
Actual shares outstanding	96,993						99,567						101,140

(1)Amount added to (deducted from) comprehensive income to produce the stated GAAP item, per accounting rule ASC 320-10-35-1.

(2)Includes the value of business acquired (VOBA).

(3)Globe Life's debt covenants require that the effect of this accounting rule be removed to determine this ratio. This ratio is computed by dividing total debt by the sum of total debt and shareholders’ equity.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no quantitative or qualitative changes with respect to market risk exposure during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Globe Life, under the direction of the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, has established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Globe Life in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. The disclosure controls and procedures are also intended to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to Globe Life's management, including the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As of the end of the fiscal period completed September 30, 2022, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of Globe Life management, including the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the disclosure controls and procedures (as those terms are defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon their evaluation, the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the date of this Form 10-Q. In compliance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), each of these officers executed a Certification included as an exhibit to this Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: As of the period ended September 30, 2022, there have not been any changes in Globe Life Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting or in other factors that could significantly affect this control over financial reporting subsequent to the date of their evaluation which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

Part II—Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Discussion regarding litigation and unclaimed property audits is provided in Note 5—Commitments and Contingencies.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company had no material changes to its risk factors.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Certain Equity Securities by the Issuer and Others for the Third Quarter of 2022


Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased	(b) Average Price Paid Per Share		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	(d) Maximum Number of Shares (or Approximate Dollar Amount) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1-31, 2022	133,952	$	98.52	133,952
August 1-31, 2022	391,091	100.04		391,091
September 1-30, 2022	196,952	100.07		196,952

On August 10, 2022, the Globe Life Board of Directors reaffirmed its continued authorization of the Company's stock repurchase program in amounts and with timing that management, in consultation with the Board, determined to be in the best interest of the Company. The program has no defined expiration date or maximum shares to be repurchased.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.						Description
31.1						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by Gary L. Coleman
31.2						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by Larry M. Hutchison
31.3						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by Frank M. Svoboda
32.1						Section 1350 Certification by Gary L. Coleman, Larry M. Hutchison, and Frank M. Svoboda
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because the XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


									GLOBE LIFE INC.

Date: November 8, 2022									/s/ Gary L. Coleman
									Gary L. Coleman
									Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 8, 2022									/s/ Larry M. Hutchison
									Larry M. Hutchison
									Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 8, 2022									/s/ Frank M. Svoboda
									Frank M. Svoboda
									Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

GL Q3 2022 FORM 10-Q

Globe Life - 10-Q quarterly report FY2022 Q3

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