Companies: 10,793     total market cap: $134.237 T
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Hope Bancorp
HOPE
#5245
Rank
$1.49 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$11.63
Share price
-0.60%
Change (1 day)
27.80%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. Hope Bancorp
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2019 Q2

Hope Bancorp - 10-Q quarterly report FY2019 Q2


Text size:
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 000-50245
 HOPE BANCORP INC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
 
95-4849715
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
3200 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1400


Los Angeles
,
California
 
90010
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(213) 639-1700
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock
,
par value $0.001 per share
HOPE
NASDAQ Global Select Market
(Title of class)
(Trading Symbol)
(Name of exchange on which registered)
______________________________________________ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
☒
 
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
 
Smaller reporting company
☐
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐   No  ☒
As of July 31, 2019, there were 126,685,919 outstanding shares of Hope Bancorp, Inc. common stock.


Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)
4
 
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
6
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
7
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
8
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
10
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 
 
1. Hope Bancorp, Inc.
11
 
2. Basis of Presentation
11
 
3. Stock-Based Compensation
13
 
4. Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)
15
 
5. Equity Investments
16
 
6. Securities Available for Sale
17
 
7. Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses
20
 
8. Leases
39
 
9. Deposits
41
 
10. Borrowings
42
 
11. Subordinated Debentures and Convertible Notes
43
 
12. Derivative Financial Instruments
45
 
13. Commitments and Contingencies
47
 
14. Goodwill, Intangible Assets, and Servicing Assets
48
 
15. Income Taxes
50
 
16. Fair Value Measurements
51
 
17. Stockholders’ Equity
57
 
18. Regulatory Matters
58
 
19. Revenue Recognition
60
 
 
 
Item 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
62
Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
87
Item 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
88
 
 
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
89
Item 1A.
RISK FACTORS
89
Item 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
89
Item 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
89
Item 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
89
Item 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
89
Item 6.
EXHIBITS
89
 
 
 
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
90
 
 
SIGNATURES
91


2

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, expectations regarding the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance, perceived opportunities in the market, and statements regarding our business strategies, objectives and vision. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “will,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “estimates” or similar expressions. With respect to any such forward-looking statements, the Company claims the protection provided for in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond the Company’s control or ability to predict. The Company’s actual results, performance or achievements may differ significantly from the results, performance or achievements expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties include: possible deterioration in economic conditions in our areas of operation; interest rate risk associated with volatile interest rates and related asset-liability matching risk; liquidity risks; risk of significant non-earning assets, and net credit losses that could occur, particularly in times of weak economic conditions or times of rising interest rates; and regulatory risks associated with current and future regulations. For additional information concerning these and other risk factors, see Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to update any forward looking statements to reflect the occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of such statements except as required by law.



3

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.
Financial Statements

HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
June 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
ASSETS
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
242,459

 
$
219,366

Interest bearing cash in other banks
367,336

 
240,240

Total cash and cash equivalents
609,795

 
459,606

Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions
30,632

 
29,409

Securities available for sale, at fair value
1,826,903

 
1,846,265

Equity investments
48,750

 
49,835

Loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or fair value
6,426

 
25,128

Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $94,066 and $92,557 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
11,883,068

 
12,005,558

Other real estate owned (“OREO”), net
5,644

 
7,754

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock, at cost
21,580

 
25,461

Premises and equipment, net
52,552

 
53,794

Accrued interest receivable
33,980

 
32,225

Deferred tax assets, net
30,048

 
50,913

Customers’ liabilities on acceptances
1,696

 
2,281

Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”)
75,963

 
75,219

Investments in affordable housing partnerships
86,672

 
92,040

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
60,064

 
—

Goodwill
464,450

 
464,450

Core deposit intangible assets, net
12,947

 
14,061

Servicing assets, net
19,997

 
23,132

Other assets
67,660

 
48,821

Total assets
$
15,338,827

 
$
15,305,952

 
 
 
 
(Continued)


4


HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
June 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
LIABILITIES:
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
Noninterest bearing
$
3,009,218

 
$
3,022,633

Interest bearing:
 
 
 
Money market and NOW accounts
3,238,947

 
3,036,653

Savings deposits
243,859

 
225,746

Time deposits
5,680,360

 
5,870,624

Total deposits
12,172,384

 
12,155,656

FHLB advances
695,000

 
821,280

Convertible notes, net
196,977

 
194,543

Subordinated debentures, net
102,477


101,929

Accrued interest payable
36,987

 
31,374

Acceptances outstanding
1,696

 
2,281

Operating lease liabilities
61,214

 
—

Commitments to fund investments in affordable housing partnerships
34,217

 
46,507

Other liabilities
42,703

 
49,171

Total liabilities
$
13,343,655

 
$
13,402,741

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 150,000,000 shares at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: issued and outstanding 135,676,275 and 126,673,822 shares, respectively, at June 30, 2019, and issued and outstanding 135,642,365 and 126,639,912 shares, respectively, at December 31, 2018
$
136

 
$
136

Additional paid-in capital
1,425,262

 
1,423,405

Retained earnings
712,351

 
662,375

Treasury stock, at cost; 9,002,453 shares at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
(150,000
)
 
(150,000
)
Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss), net
7,423

 
(32,705
)
Total stockholders’ equity
1,995,172

 
1,903,211

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
15,338,827

 
$
15,305,952



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


5

HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
INTEREST INCOME:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and fees on loans
$
158,627

 
$
146,188

 
$
316,763

 
$
284,131

Interest on securities
11,866

 
10,899

 
24,185

 
21,000

Interest on other investments
2,973

 
2,823

 
5,648

 
5,189

Total interest income
173,466

 
159,910

 
346,596

 
310,320

INTEREST EXPENSE:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest on deposits
48,826

 
30,610

 
95,673

 
55,459

Interest on FHLB advances
3,384

 
3,681

 
5,998

 
7,750

Interest on other borrowings and convertible notes
4,035

 
2,800

 
8,096

 
4,224

Total interest expense
56,245

 
37,091

 
109,767

 
67,433

NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
117,221

 
122,819

 
236,829

 
242,887

PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
1,200

 
2,300

 
4,200

 
4,800

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
116,021

 
120,519

 
232,629

 
238,087

NONINTEREST INCOME:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service fees on deposit accounts
4,416

 
4,613

 
8,733

 
9,414

International service fees
1,020

 
1,212

 
1,953

 
2,232

Loan servicing fees, net
738

 
1,010

 
1,467

 
2,589

Wire transfer fees
1,311

 
1,250

 
2,400

 
2,457

Net gains on sales of SBA loans
—

 
3,480

 
—

 
6,930

Net gains on sales of other loans
1,066

 
431

 
1,807

 
1,627

Net gains on sales of securities available for sale
129

 
—

 
129

 
—

Other income and fees
3,607

 
3,273

 
7,220

 
9,870

Total noninterest income
12,287

 
15,269

 
23,709

 
35,119

NONINTEREST EXPENSE:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
39,297

 
40,575

 
79,726

 
79,960

Occupancy
7,839

 
7,418

 
15,516

 
14,657

Furniture and equipment
4,026

 
4,023

 
7,472

 
7,744

Advertising and marketing
2,245

 
2,737

 
4,307

 
5,036

Data processing and communications
2,587

 
3,574

 
5,543

 
7,069

Professional fees
5,959

 
4,474

 
11,339

 
7,580

Investments in affordable housing partnerships expenses
2,388

 
2,613

 
5,268

 
5,243

FDIC assessments
1,559

 
1,611

 
3,110

 
3,378

Credit related expenses
1,549

 
926

 
2,227


1,698

OREO expense, net
83

 
45

 
(69
)
 
(59
)
Other
3,839

 
3,633

 
7,765

 
7,776

Total noninterest expense
71,371

 
71,629

 
142,204

 
140,082

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
56,937

 
64,159

 
114,134

 
133,124

INCOME TAX PROVISION
14,256

 
16,629

 
28,695

 
34,362

NET INCOME
$
42,681

 
$
47,530

 
$
85,439

 
$
98,762

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.34

 
$
0.36

 
$
0.67

 
$
0.74

Diluted
$
0.34

 
$
0.36

 
$
0.67

 
$
0.73


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

6

HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Net income
$
42,681

 
$
47,530

 
$
85,439

 
$
98,762

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in unrealized net holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale
32,523

 
(9,249
)
 
57,189

 
(33,898
)
Reclassification adjustments for net gains realized in net income
(129
)
 
—

 
(129
)
 
—

Tax effect
(9,613
)
 
2,767

 
(16,932
)
 
10,276

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
22,781

 
(6,482
)
 
40,128

 
(23,622
)
Total comprehensive income
$
65,462

 
$
41,048

 
$
125,567

 
$
75,140



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


7

HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
Retained
earnings
 
Treasury stock
 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net
 
Total
stockholders’ equity
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
BALANCE, APRIL 1, 2018
 
135,516,119

 
$
136

 
$
1,405,806

 
$
578,031

 
$
—

 
$
(38,640
)
 
$
1,945,333

Issuance of shares pursuant to various stock plans, net of forfeitures and tax withholding cancellations
 
13,326

 
—

 
97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
97

Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 
 
731

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
731

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.13 per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(17,617
)
 
 
 
 
 
(17,617
)
Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
47,530

 
 
 
 
 
47,530

Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6,482
)
 
(6,482
)
Repurchase of treasury stock
 
(4,361,740
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(78,961
)
 
 
 
(78,961
)
Equity component of convertible
notes, net of taxes
 
 
 
 
 
15,045

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15,045

BALANCE, JUNE 30, 2018
 
131,167,705

 
$
136

 
$
1,421,679

 
$
607,944

 
$
(78,961
)
 
$
(45,122
)
 
$
1,905,676

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, APRIL 1, 2019
 
126,635,584

 
$
136

 
$
1,424,029

 
$
687,404

 
$
(150,000
)
 
$
(15,358
)
 
$
1,946,211

Issuance of shares pursuant to various stock plans, net of forfeitures and tax withholding cancellations
 
38,238

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 
 
1,233

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,233

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.14 per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(17,734
)
 
 
 
 
 
(17,734
)
Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42,681

 
 
 
 
 
42,681

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22,781

 
22,781

BALANCE, JUNE 30, 2019
 
126,673,822

 
$
136

 
$
1,425,262

 
$
712,351

 
$
(150,000
)
 
$
7,423

 
$
1,995,172



(Continued)


8

HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
Retained
earnings
 
Treasury stock
 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net
 
Total
stockholders’ equity
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2018
 
135,511,891

 
$
136

 
$
1,405,014

 
$
544,886

 
$
—

 
$
(21,781
)
 
$
1,928,255

Reclassification of unrealized losses on equity investments to retained earnings - ASU 2016-01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(469
)
 
 
 
281

 
(188
)
Issuance of shares pursuant to various stock plans, net of forfeitures and tax withholding cancellations
 
17,554

 
—

 
209

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
209

Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 
 
1,411

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,411

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.26 per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(35,235
)
 
 
 
 
 
(35,235
)
Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
98,762

 
 
 
 
 
98,762

Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(23,622
)
 
(23,622
)
Repurchase of treasury stock
 
(4,361,740
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(78,961
)
 
 
 
(78,961
)
Equity component of convertible
notes, net of taxes
 
 
 
 
 
15,045

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15,045

BALANCE, JUNE 30, 2018
 
131,167,705

 
$
136

 
$
1,421,679

 
$
607,944

 
$
(78,961
)
 
$
(45,122
)
 
$
1,905,676

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2019
 
126,639,912

 
$
136

 
$
1,423,405

 
$
662,375

 
$
(150,000
)
 
$
(32,705
)
 
$
1,903,211

Issuance of shares pursuant to various stock plans, net of forfeitures and tax withholding cancellations
 
33,910

 
—

 
3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3

Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 
 
1,854

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,854

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.28 per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(35,463
)
 
 
 
 
 
(35,463
)
Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
85,439

 
 
 
 
 
85,439

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40,128

 
40,128

BALANCE, JUNE 30, 2019
 
126,673,822

 
$
136

 
$
1,425,262

 
$
712,351

 
$
(150,000
)
 
$
7,423

 
$
1,995,172



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


9

HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net income
$
85,439

 
$
98,762

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
 
 
 
Discount accretion, net of depreciation and amortization
904

 
(3,318
)
Stock-based compensation expense
2,326

 
1,868

Provision for loan losses
4,200

 
4,800

Credit for unfunded loan commitments
—

 
(50
)
Valuation adjustment of OREO
153

 
113

Net gains on sales of SBA and other loans
(1,807
)
 
(8,557
)
Earnings on BOLI
(744
)
 
(778
)
Net change in fair value of derivatives
(62
)
 
15

Net losses on sale and disposal of premises and equipment
75

 
36

Net losses (gains) on sales of OREO
13

 
(151
)
Net gains on sales of securities available for sale
(129
)
 
—

Net change in fair value of equity investments with readily determinable fair value
(1,225
)
 
(3,518
)
Losses on investments in affordable housing partnership
5,216

 
5,074

Net change in deferred income taxes
3,933

 
4,408

Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
64,220

 
161,621

Originations of loans held for sale
(49,560
)
 
(148,086
)
Originations of servicing assets
(946
)
 
(3,316
)
Net change in accrued interest receivable
(1,755
)
 
(975
)
Net change in other assets
(19,976
)
 
2,102

Net change in accrued interest payable
5,613

 
8,633

Net change in other liabilities
(6,468
)
 
(13,134
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
89,420

 
105,549

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Purchases of interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions
(11,270
)
 
(4,611
)
Redemption of interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions
10,047

 
5,635

Purchase of securities available for sale
(110,954
)
 
(277,627
)
Proceeds from matured, called, or paid-down securities available for sale
114,943

 
102,950

Proceeds from sale of securities available for sale
69,169

 
—

Proceeds from sales of other loans held for sale previously classified as held for investment
83,599

 
6,296

Net change in loans receivable
56,824

 
(557,761
)
Proceeds from sales of OREO
2,741

 
4,350

Purchase of FHLB stock
(155
)
 
—

Redemption of FHLB stock
4,036

 
2,829

Purchase of premises and equipment
(3,100
)
 
(4,329
)
Proceeds from BOLI death benefits
1,363

 
—

Investments in affordable housing partnerships
(12,270
)
 
(5,480
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
204,973

 
(727,748
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net change in deposits
16,728

 
887,987

Proceeds from FHLB advances
515,000

 
—

Repayment of FHLB advances
(640,000
)
 
(320,000
)
Repayment of federal funds purchased
—

 
(69,900
)
Proceeds from convertible notes, net of issuance fees
—

 
212,920

Purchase of treasury stock
—

 
(78,961
)
Cash dividends paid on common stock
(35,463
)
 
(35,235
)
Taxes paid in net settlement of restricted stock
(472
)
 
(457
)
Issuance of additional stock pursuant to various stock plans
3

 
209

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(144,204
)
 
596,563

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
150,189

 
(25,636
)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD
459,606

 
492,000

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD
$
609,795

 
$
466,364

 
 
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
102,452

 
$
58,348

Income taxes paid
$
35,159

 
$
15,218

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Transfer from loans receivable to OREO
$
302

 
$
1,876

Transfer from loans receivable to loans held for sale
$
82,991

 
$
6,155

Transfer from loans held for sale to loans receivable
$
5,181

 
$
478

Transfer of available for sale securities to equity investments with adoption of ASU 2016-01
$
—

 
$
21,957

New commitments to fund affordable housing partnership investments
$
—

 
$
5,000

Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets
$
62,833

 
$
—


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


10

HOPE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)




1.
Hope Bancorp, Inc.
Hope Bancorp, Inc. (“Hope Bancorp” on a parent-only basis and the “Company” on a consolidated basis), headquartered in Los Angeles, California, is the holding company for Bank of Hope (the “Bank”). As of June 30, 2019, the Bank operated branches in California, Washington, Texas, Illinois, Alabama, Georgia, Virginia, New Jersey, and New York, loan production offices in Colorado, Texas, Oregon, Washington, Georgia, Southern California, and Northern California, and a representative office in Seoul, South Korea. The Company is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware and a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended.

2.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared without an audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), except for the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2018 which was from the audited financial statements included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hope Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiaries, principally Bank of Hope. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has made all adjustments, that in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly present the Company’s financial position at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be anticipated for the full year.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read along with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Pending Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, also referred to as “CECL”. The FASB subsequently issued ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, and ASU 2019-05 to provide additional clarification, implementation, codification improvements, and transition guidance related to ASU 2016-13. ASU 2016-13 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 becomes effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has established a CECL committee to oversee the development and implementation of ASU 2016-13. The Company is collaborating with a third party advisory team and has also engaged a software vendor to assist the Company to consolidate its models to arrive at a lifetime expected credit losses in compliance with ASU 2016-13 by the effective date. The Company is currently finalizing and documenting its methodologies and developing new processes, policies, and controls under the new guidance in preparation of performing a full end to end parallel run. Based on the Company’s initial assessment of the ASU 2016-13, the Company expects the new guidance will result in additional required allowance for loan losses which could potentially have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and regulatory capital ratios.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles: Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 will amend and simplify current goodwill impairment testing to eliminate Step 2 from the current provisions. Under the new guidance, an entity should perform the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. An entity still has the option to perform the quantitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. ASU 2017-04 should be adopted for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

11

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. ASU 2018-13 removes the disclosure requirement detailing the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. In addition, ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirement for investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value. Lastly, ASU 2018-13 adds a disclosure requirement for changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted upon the issuance of ASU 2018-13. The removed and modified disclosures will be adopted on a retrospective basis, and the new disclosures will be adopted on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 250-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”. ASU 2018-15 requires an entity in a cloud computing arrangement (i.e., hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets or expense as incurred. Capitalized implementation costs should be presented in the same line item on the balance sheet as amounts prepaid for the hosted service, if any (generally as an “other asset”). The capitalized costs will be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, with the amortization expense being presented in the same income statement line item as the fees paid for the hosted service. ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 326.” ASU 2019-05 addresses certain stakeholders’ concerns by providing an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets previously measured at amortized cost basis. For those entities, the targeted transition relief will increase comparability of financial statement information by providing an option to align measurement methodologies for similar financial assets. ASU 2016-13 allows companies to irrevocably elect, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option on financial instruments that (1) were previously recorded at amortized cost and (2) are within the scope of ASC 326-20 if the instruments are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10. Entities are required to make this election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The effective date for ASU 2019-05 is the same as for ASU 2016-13, or for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect elect the fair value option on its financial instruments in accordance with ASU 2019-05.

12

3.    Stock-Based Compensation
The Company previously awarded equity as a form of compensation under a stock-based incentive plan (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders on September 1, 2016. The 2016 Plan provided for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, performance shares, and performance units (sometimes referred to individually or collectively as “awards”) to non-employee directors, employees, and potentially consultants of the Company. The 2016 Plan initially had 2,400,000 shares that were available for grant to participants.
On May 23, 2019 the Company’s stockholders approved another stock-based incentive plan (the “2019 Plan”) which provides for grants of stock options, SARs, restricted stock, performance shares, and performance units to non-employee directors, employees, and potentially consultants of the Company. Stock options may be either incentive stock options (“ISOs”), as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or nonqualified stock options (“NQSOs”). The 2019 Plan replaces the 2016 Plan and stipulates that no further awards shall be made under prior plans. Therefore, future awards will only be issued from the 2019 Plan.
The 2019 Plan provides the Company flexibility to (i) attract and retain qualified non-employee directors, executives, other key employees, and consultants with appropriate equity-based awards to; (ii) motivate high levels of performance; (iii) recognize employee contributions to the Company’s success; and (iv) align the interests of the participants with those of the Company’s stockholders. The 2019 Plan initially had 4,400,000 shares that were available for grant to participants. The exercise price for shares under an ISO may not be less than 100% of fair market value on the date the award is granted under the Code. Similarly, under the terms of the plans, the exercise price for SARs and NQSOs may not be less than 100% of fair market value on the date of grant. Performance units are awarded to participants at the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of award (after the lapse of the restriction period and the attainment of the performance criteria). All options not exercised generally expire 10 years after the date of grant.
ISOs, SARs, and NQSOs have vesting periods of three to five years and have 10-year contractual terms. Restricted stock, performance shares, and performance units are granted with a restriction period of not less than one year from the grant date for performance-based awards and not more than three years from the grant date for time-based vesting of grants. Compensation expense for awards is recognized over the vesting period. 
Under the 2019 Plan, 4,026,459 shares were available for future grants as of June 30, 2019.
With the exception of the shares underlying stock options and restricted stock awards, the Board of Directors may choose to settle the awards by paying the equivalent cash value or by delivering the appropriate number of shares.
The following is a summary of stock option activity under the 2016 Plan and 2019 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Outstanding - January 1, 2019
982,631

 
$
15.41

 
 
 
 
Granted
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Exercised
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Expired
(18,962
)
 
16.67

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
(18,000
)
 
17.18

 
 
 
 
Outstanding - June 30, 2019
945,669

 
$
15.35

 
5.99
 
$
926

Options exercisable - June 30, 2019
799,669

 
$
15.02

 
5.78
 
$
926




13

The following is a summary of restricted stock and performance unit activity under the 2016 Plan and 2019 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding (unvested) - January 1, 2019
478,891

 
$
16.37

Granted
756,153

 
13.16

Vested
(84,755
)
 
16.79

Forfeited
(40,986
)
 
15.60

Outstanding (unvested) - June 30, 2019
1,109,303

 
$
14.18



The total fair value of restricted stock and performance units vested for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $1.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
In 2017, the Company adopted the Hope Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) which allows eligible employees to purchase the Company’s common shares through payroll deductions which build up between the offering date and the purchase date. At the purchase date, the Company uses the accumulated funds to purchase shares in the Company on behalf of the participating employees at a 10% discount to the closing price of the Company’s common shares. The closing price is the lower of either the closing price on the first day of the offering period or on the closing price on the purchase date. The dollar amount of common shares purchased under the ESPP must not exceed 20% of the participating employee’s base salary, subject to a cap of $25 thousand in stock value based on the grant date. The ESPP is considered compensatory under GAAP and compensation expense for the ESPP is recognized as part of the Company’s stock-based compensation expenses. The compensation expense for ESPP during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $29 thousand and $41 thousand, respectively. The compensation expense for ESPP during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $125 thousand and $189 thousand, respectively.
The total amount charged against income related to stock-based payment arrangements, including ESPP, was $1.5 million and $915 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, $2.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of stock-based payment arrangements were charged against income. The income tax benefit recognized was approximately $378 thousand and $237 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The income tax benefit recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, was approximately $585 thousand and $482 thousand, respectively.
At June 30, 2019, the unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock option grants was $338 thousand, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 2.17 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock and performance units was $11.0 million, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 2.22 years.

14

4.    Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)
Basic EPS does not reflect the possibility of dilution that could result from the issuance of additional shares of common stock upon exercise or conversion of outstanding equity awards or convertible notes and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options, convertible notes, or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted to common stock that would then share in earnings. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, stock options and restricted shares awards for 982,625 and 306,136 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded in computing diluted earnings per common share because they were anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, stock options and restricted shares awards for 959,319 and 303,338 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded in computing diluted earnings per common share because they were anti-dilutive. Additionally, warrants issued pursuant to the Company’s participation in the U.S. Treasury’s TARP Capital Purchase Plan to purchase and 20,673 shares of common stock were anti-dilutive and excluded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. All outstanding warrants expired in December 2018. Therefore there were no warrants outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company issued $217.5 million in convertible notes. The convertible notes can be converted into the Company’s shares of common stock at an initial rate of 45.0760 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the notes (See footnote 11 “Subordinated Debentures and Convertible Notes” for additional information regarding convertible notes issued). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, shares related to the convertible notes issued were not included in the Company’s diluted EPS calculation. In accordance with the terms of the convertible notes and settlement options available to the Company, no shares would have been delivered to investors of the convertible notes upon assumed conversion based on the Company’s common stock price during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
On April 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million in common stock. On September 20, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved another share repurchase program that authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50.0 million in common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company repurchased 9,002,453 shares of common stock totaling $150.0 million. The repurchased shares were recorded as treasury stock and reduced the total number of common shares outstanding.
The following tables show the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2019

2018
 
Net Income
(Numerator)
 
Weighted-Average Shares
(Denominator)
 
Earnings
Per
Share
 
Net Income
(Numerator)
 
Weighted-Average Shares
(Denominator)
 
Earnings
Per
Share
 
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Basic EPS - common stock
$
42,681

 
126,658,509

 
$
0.34

 
$
47,530

 
133,061,304

 
$
0.36

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options, restricted stock,
and ESPP shares
 
 
211,946

 
 
 
 
 
291,537

 
 
Diluted EPS - common stock
$
42,681

 
126,870,455

 
$
0.34

 
$
47,530

 
133,352,841

 
$
0.36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Net Income
(Numerator)
 
Weighted-Average Shares
(Denominator)
 
Earnings
Per
Share
 
Net Income
(Numerator)
 
Weighted-Average Shares
(Denominator)
 
Earnings
Per
Share
 
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Basic EPS - common stock
$
85,439

 
126,649,536

 
$
0.67

 
$
98,762

 
134,283,216

 
$
0.74

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options, restricted stock,
and ESPP shares
 
 
193,334

 
 
 
 
 
293,528

 
 
Diluted EPS - common stock
$
85,439

 
126,842,870

 
$
0.67

 
$
98,762

 
134,576,744

 
$
0.73



15

5.    Equity Investments
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. Upon adoption, the Company reclassified $469 thousand in net unrealized losses included in other comprehensive income and deferred tax assets to retained earnings on January 1, 2018. Equity investments with readily determinable fair values at June 30, 2019, consisted of mutual funds in the amount of $22.1 million and is included in “Equity investments” on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company sold its equity stock in other institutions for $2.6 million. There was no change in fair value recorded on the equity investments sold. Equity investments with readily determinable fair values at December 31, 2018, consisted of mutual funds and equity stock in other institutions in the amount of $21.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
The change in fair value for equity investments with readily determinable fair values for the three and six ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were recorded in other noninterest income and fees as summarized in the table below:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Net change in fair value recorded during the period on equity investments with readily determinable fair value
$
313

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,225

 
$
3,518

Net change in fair value recorded on equity investments sold during the period
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net change in fair value on equity investments with readily determinable fair values
$
313

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,225

 
$
3,518

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company also had equity investments without readily determinable fair value which are carried at cost less any determined impairment. The balance of these investments is adjusted for changes in subsequent observable prices. At June 30, 2019, the total balance of equity investments without readily determinable fair values included in “Equity investments” on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition was $26.7 million, consisting of $370 thousand in correspondent bank stock, $1.0 million in Community Development Financial Institutions (“CDFI”) investments, and $25.3 million in Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) investments. At December 31, 2018, the total balance of equity investments without readily determinable fair values was $26.4 million, consisting of $370 thousand in correspondent bank stock, $1.0 million in CDFI investments, and $25.1 million in CRA investments.
The Company had no impairments or subsequent observable price changes for equity investments without readily determinable fair values for the three and six ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

16

6.    Securities Available for Sale
The following is a summary of securities available for sale as of the dates indicated:
 
At June 30, 2019
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
$
842,576

 
$
5,443

 
$
(3,120
)
 
$
844,899

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
369,476

 
913

 
(3,213
)
 
367,176

Commercial
530,206

 
13,437

 
(2,712
)
 
540,931

Corporate securities
5,000

 
—

 
(1,120
)
 
3,880

Municipal securities
70,007

 
565

 
(555
)
 
70,017

Total investment securities available for sale
$
1,817,265

 
$
20,358

 
$
(10,720
)
 
$
1,826,903

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
$
914,710

 
$
1,541

 
$
(21,129
)
 
$
895,122

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
415,659

 
47

 
(13,101
)
 
402,605

Commercial
481,081

 
1,024

 
(12,979
)
 
469,126

Corporate securities
5,000

 
—

 
(1,174
)
 
3,826

Municipal securities
77,168

 
398

 
(1,980
)
 
75,586

Total investment securities available for sale
$
1,893,618

 
$
3,010

 
$
(50,363
)
 
$
1,846,265


 
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized net gains on sales of securities available for sale in the amount of $129 thousand. The net gains on sales of securities available for sale consisted of $527 thousand in gross gains offset by $398 thousand in gross losses on investments securities sold. Tax provision recorded on the net gains on sales of securities available for sale was approximately $32 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The Company received proceeds from the sale of $69.2 million in investment securities, which consisted of $39.5 million municipal securities and $29.7 million mortgage-backed securities sold. For the three or six months ended June 30, 2018, there were no sales of securities available for sale.
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $7.4 million in unrealized gains and $32.7 million in unrealized losses on securities available for sale net of taxes, respectively, were included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings was $129 thousand. There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

17

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at June 30, 2019, by contractual maturity, is presented in the table below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties. Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities are not due at a single maturity date and their total balances are shown separately.
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Available for sale:
 
 
 
Due within one year
$
750

 
$
752

Due after one year through five years
3,560

 
3,569

Due after five years through ten years
2,648

 
2,720

Due after ten years
68,049

 
66,856

U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
 
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
842,576

 
844,899

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
Residential
369,476

 
367,176

Commercial
530,206

 
540,931

Total
$
1,817,265

 
$
1,826,903



Securities with carrying values of approximately $350.4 million and $354.6 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, for various borrowings, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.
The following tables show the Company’s investments’ gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated.    
 
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer
 
Total
Description of
Securities
 
Number 
of
Securities
 
Fair 
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number 
of
Securities
 
Fair 
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number 
of
Securities
 
Fair 
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
 
 (Dollars in thousands)
Collateralized mortgage obligations*
 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
56

 
$
360,072

 
$
(3,120
)
 
56

 
$
360,072

 
$
(3,120
)
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential*
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
37

 
309,942

 
(3,213
)
 
37

 
309,942

 
(3,213
)
Commercial*
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11

 
147,737

 
(2,712
)
 
11

 
147,737

 
(2,712
)
Corporate securities
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
3,881

 
(1,120
)
 
1

 
3,881

 
(1,120
)
Municipal securities
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
17,608

 
(555
)
 
3

 
17,608

 
(555
)
Total
 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
108

 
$
839,240

 
$
(10,720
)
 
108

 
$
839,240

 
$
(10,720
)
__________________________________    
* Investments in U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises

18

 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer
 
Total
Description of
Securities
 
Number 
of
Securities
 
Fair 
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number 
of
Securities
 
Fair 
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number 
of
Securities
 
Fair 
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
 
 (Dollars in thousands)
Collateralized mortgage obligations*
 
1

 
$
8,041

 
$
(28
)
 
93

 
$
700,095

 
$
(21,101
)
 
94

 
$
708,136

 
$
(21,129
)
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential*
 
4

 
19,973

 
(37
)
 
45

 
363,334

 
(13,064
)
 
49

 
383,307

 
(13,101
)
Commercial*
 
3

 
38,494

 
(218
)
 
27

 
312,428

 
(12,761
)
 
30

 
350,922

 
(12,979
)
Corporate securities
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
3,826

 
(1,174
)
 
1

 
3,826

 
(1,174
)
Municipal securities
 
13

 
5,528

 
(83
)
 
32

 
42,444

 
(1,897
)
 
45

 
47,972

 
(1,980
)
Total
 
21

 
$
72,036

 
$
(366
)
 
198

 
$
1,422,127

 
$
(49,997
)
 
219

 
$
1,494,163

 
$
(50,363
)

__________________________________
* Investments in U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises
The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary-impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, the length of time and the extent to which the fair values of the securities have been less than the cost of the securities, management’s intention to sell, and/or whether it is more likely than not that management will be required to sell the security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, the Company considers, among other considerations, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition.
All of the Company’s investment types had investments that were in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer as of June 30, 2019. The collateralized mortgage obligations in a continuous loss position for twelve months or longer had unrealized losses of $3.1 million at June 30, 2019, and total residential and commercial mortgage backed securities in a continuous loss position for twelve months or longer had total unrealized losses of $5.9 million. These securities were issued by U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and have high credit ratings of “AA” grade or better. Interest on U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government sponsored enterprise investments have been paid as agreed, and management believes this will continue in the future and that the securities will be repaid in full as scheduled. Corporate securities that were in a continuous loss position for twelve months or longer had unrealized losses of $1.1 million at June 30, 2019. Municipal securities that were in a continuous loss position for twelve months or longer had unrealized losses of $555 thousand at June 30, 2019. The market value declines for these securities were primarily due to movements in interest rates and are not reflective of management’s expectations of the Company’s ability to fully recover these investments, which may be at maturity. For these reasons, no OTTI was recognized on U.S. Government sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage backed securities, corporate securities, and municipal securities that were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2019.
The Company considers the losses on the investments in unrealized loss positions at June 30, 2019 to be temporary based on: 1) the likelihood of recovery; 2) the information relative to the extent and duration of the decline in market value; and 3) the Company’s intention not to sell, and management’s determination that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis.

19

7.    Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses
The following is a summary of loans receivable by major category:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Loan portfolio composition
(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
Residential
$
51,167

 
$
51,197

Commercial
8,301,315

 
8,395,327

Construction
278,370

 
275,076

Total real estate loans
8,630,852

 
8,721,600

Commercial business
2,265,287

 
2,127,630

Trade finance
166,781

 
197,190

Consumer and other
913,087

 
1,051,486

Total loans outstanding
11,976,007

 
12,097,906

Deferred loan costs, net
1,127

 
209

Loans receivable
11,977,134

 
12,098,115

Allowance for loan losses
(94,066
)
 
(92,557
)
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses
$
11,883,068

 
$
12,005,558



The loan portfolio is made up of four segments: real estate loans, commercial business, trade finance, and consumer and other. Real estate loans are extended for the purchase and refinance of commercial real estate and are generally secured by first deeds of trust and are collateralized by residential or commercial properties. Commercial business loans are loans provided to businesses for various purposes such as for working capital, purchasing inventory, debt refinancing, business acquisitions and other business related financing needs. Trade finance loans generally serves businesses involved in international trade activities. Consumer and other loans consist mostly of single family residential mortgage loans but also includes home equity, credit cards, and other personal loans.
The four segments are further segregated between loans accounted for under the amortized cost method (“Legacy Loans”), and previously acquired loans that were originally recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related pre-acquisition allowance for loan losses (“Acquired Loans”). Acquired Loans are further segregated between purchased credit impaired loans (loans with credit deterioration on the date of acquisition and accounted for under ASC 310-30, or “PCI loans”), and Acquired Performing Loans (loans that were pass graded on the acquisition date and the fair value adjustment is amortized over the contractual life under ASC 310-20, or “non-PCI loans”).
The following table presents changes in the accretable discount on PCI loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

2019

2018

2019

2018

(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
47,364


$
54,846


$
49,697


$
55,002

Accretion
(6,848
)

(5,959
)

(12,682
)

(11,731
)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference
2,846


4,686


6,347


10,302

Balance at end of period
$
43,362


$
53,573


$
43,362


$
53,573


On the acquisition date, the amount by which the undiscounted expected cash flows exceed the estimated fair value of PCI loans is considered the “accretable yield.” The accretable yield is measured at each financial reporting date and represents the difference between the remaining undiscounted expected cash flows and the current carrying value of the loans. The accretable yield will change from period to period due to the following: 1) estimates of the remaining life of acquired loans will affect the amount of future interest income; 2) indices for variable rates of interest on PCI loans may change; and 3) estimates of the amount of the contractual principal and interest that will not be collected (nonaccretable difference) may change.

20

The following tables detail the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
 
Legacy Loans
 
Acquired Loans
 
Total
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer and Other
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
45,876

 
$
27,376

 
$
698

 
$
7,004

 
$
7,261

 
$
5,000

 
$
—

 
$
1,002

 
$
94,217

Provision (credit) for loan losses
1,195

 
183

 
311

 
14

 
(636
)
 
195

 
—

 
(62
)
 
1,200

Loans charged off
(182
)
 
(922
)
 
—

 
(343
)
 
—

 
(629
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,076
)
Recoveries of charge offs
265

 
120

 
—

 
1

 
305

 
32

 
—

 
2

 
725

Balance, end of period
$
47,154

 
$
26,757

 
$
1,009

 
$
6,676

 
$
6,930

 
$
4,598

 
$
—

 
$
942

 
$
94,066

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
49,446

 
$
21,826

 
$
719

 
$
6,269

 
$
7,321

 
$
5,939

 
$
—

 
$
1,037

 
$
92,557

Provision (credit) for loan losses
(3,463
)
 
6,804

 
290

 
952

 
(675
)
 
313

 
—

 
(21
)
 
4,200

Loans charged off
(216
)
 
(2,082
)
 
—

 
(553
)
 
(26
)
 
(877
)
 
—

 
(76
)
 
(3,830
)
Recoveries of charge offs
1,387

 
209

 
—

 
8

 
310

 
101

 
—

 
2

 
2,017

PCI allowance adjustment
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(878
)
 
—

 
—

 
(878
)
Balance, end of period
$
47,154

 
$
26,757

 
$
1,009

 
$
6,676

 
$
6,930

 
$
4,598

 
$
—

 
$
942

 
$
94,066


 
 
 
Legacy Loans
 
Acquired Loans
 
Total
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer and Other
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
45,977

 
$
20,387

 
$
1,767

 
$
3,934

 
$
13,048

 
$
1,308

 
$
38

 
$
2

 
$
86,461

Provision (credit) for loan losses
1,776

 
487

 
(796
)
 
1,086

 
(141
)
 
(96
)
 
(35
)
 
19

 
2,300

Loans charged off
(144
)
 
(446
)
 
—

 
(229
)
 
(92
)
 
(352
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,263
)
Recoveries of charge offs
626

 
1,603

 
12

 
8

 
1

 
131

 
—

 
2

 
2,383

Balance, end of period
$
48,235

 
$
22,031

 
$
983

 
$
4,799

 
$
12,816

 
$
991

 
$
3

 
$
23

 
$
89,881

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
45,360

 
$
17,228

 
$
1,674

 
$
3,385

 
$
13,322

 
$
3,527

 
$
42

 
$
3

 
$
84,541

Provision (credit) for loan losses
2,255

 
3,776

 
(715
)
 
1,963

 
(314
)
 
(2,142
)
 
(39
)
 
16

 
4,800

Loans charged off
(207
)
 
(788
)
 
—

 
(576
)
 
(194
)
 
(566
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,331
)
Recoveries of charge offs
827

 
1,815

 
24

 
27

 
2

 
172

 
—

 
4

 
2,871

Balance, end of period
$
48,235

 
$
22,031

 
$
983

 
$
4,799

 
$
12,816

 
$
991

 
$
3

 
$
23

 
$
89,881


21

The following tables break out the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment of loans outstanding (not including accrued interest receivable and net deferred loan costs or fees) by individually impaired, general valuation, and PCI impairment, by portfolio segment at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
June 30, 2019
 
Legacy Loans
 
Acquired Loans
 
Total
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer and Other
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer and Other
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
192

 
$
4,282

 
$
333

 
$
11

 
$
127

 
$
987

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
5,933

Collectively evaluated for impairment
46,962

 
22,475

 
676

 
6,665

 
1,682

 
574

 
—

 
16

 
79,050

PCI loans
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,121

 
3,037

 
—

 
925

 
9,083

Total
$
47,154

 
$
26,757

 
$
1,009

 
$
6,676

 
$
6,930

 
$
4,598

 
$
—

 
$
942

 
$
94,066

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
46,785

 
$
26,159

 
$
2,825

 
$
2,266

 
$
19,578

 
$
4,228

 
$
3,318

 
$
811

 
$
105,970

Collectively evaluated for impairment
7,160,408

 
2,168,442

 
160,638

 
787,980

 
1,289,871

 
58,080

 
—

 
117,110

 
11,742,529

PCI loans
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
114,210

 
8,378

 
—

 
4,920

 
127,508

Total
$
7,207,193

 
$
2,194,601

 
$
163,463

 
$
790,246

 
$
1,423,659

 
$
70,686

 
$
3,318

 
$
122,841

 
$
11,976,007


 
December 31, 2018
 
Legacy Loans
 
Acquired Loans
 
Total
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer and Other
 
Real
Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Trade Finance
 
Consumer and Other
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
176

 
$
4,221

 
$
—

 
$
3

 
$
261

 
$
130

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
4,791

Collectively evaluated for impairment
49,270

 
17,605

 
719

 
6,266

 
1,264

 
460

 
—

 
19

 
75,603

PCI loans
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,796

 
5,349

 
—

 
1,018

 
12,163

Total
$
49,446

 
$
21,826

 
$
719

 
$
6,269

 
$
7,321

 
$
5,939

 
$
—

 
$
1,037

 
$
92,557

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
39,976

 
$
29,624

 
$
5,887

 
$
441

 
$
18,080

 
$
5,734

 
$
3,124

 
$
1,141

 
$
104,007

Collectively evaluated for impairment
7,037,392

 
1,988,067

 
188,179

 
910,292

 
1,507,858

 
80,916

 
—

 
133,942

 
11,846,646

PCI loans
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
118,294

 
23,289

 
—

 
5,670

 
147,253

Total
$
7,077,368

 
$
2,017,691

 
$
194,066

 
$
910,733

 
$
1,644,232

 
$
109,939

 
$
3,124

 
$
140,753

 
$
12,097,906


At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the balance of PCI loans that had credit deterioration subsequent to acquisition was $36.4 million and $57.5 million, respectively. PCI loans with subsequent credit deterioration had an allowance for loan losses balance of $9.1 million and $12.2 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the reserve for unfunded loan commitments recorded in other liabilities was $736 thousand. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, recognized provision for unfunded commitments recorded in credit related expense was $0 and $150 thousand, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, recognized credit for unfunded commitments recorded in credit related expense was $0 and $50 thousand, respectively.

22

The recorded investment of individually impaired loans and the total impaired loans net of specific allowance is presented in the following table for the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
With allocated specific allowance
 
 
 
Without charge off
$
36,966

 
$
35,365

With charge off
1,233

 
681

With no allocated specific allowance
 
 
 
Without charge off
57,249

 
59,607

With charge off
10,522

 
8,354

Specific allowance on impaired loans
(5,933
)
 
(4,791
)
Impaired loans, net of specific allowance
$
100,037

 
$
99,216


The following tables detail the recorded investment of impaired loans (Legacy Loans and Acquired Loans that became impaired subsequent to being originated and acquired, respectfully) as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Impaired loans with no related allowance are believed by management to be adequately collateralized.
 
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
Total Impaired Loans (1)
 
Recorded Investment (2)
 
Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
Recorded Investment (2)
 
Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
With related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
2,222

 
2,492

 
63

 
1,375

 
1,487

 
156

Hotel & motel
 
1,789

 
2,658

 
103

 
1,949

 
2,310

 
119

Gas station & car wash
 
61

 
1,967

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
 
836

 
924

 
25

 
881

 
947

 
43

Industrial & warehouse
 
6,908

 
8,671

 
121

 
1,305

 
2,139

 
93

Other
 
839

 
1,103

 
7

 
7,759

 
8,174

 
26

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
 
21,761

 
23,091

 
5,269

 
22,203

 
23,928

 
4,351

Trade finance
 
2,825

 
2,825

 
333

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
 
958

 
966

 
12

 
575

 
575

 
3

Subtotal
 
$
38,199

 
$
44,697

 
$
5,933

 
$
36,047

 
$
39,560

 
$
4,791

With no related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
11,035

 
11,865

 
—

 
8,005

 
11,234

 
—

Hotel & motel
 
10,136

 
20,811

 
—

 
10,877

 
22,590

 
—

Gas station & car wash
 
456

 
1,660

 
—

 
545

 
3,653

 
—

Mixed use
 
3,473

 
3,576

 
—

 
7,048

 
7,058

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
 
11,944

 
12,531

 
—

 
12,343

 
13,467

 
—

Other
 
16,664

 
21,123

 
—

 
5,969

 
7,122

 
—

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
 
8,626

 
14,554

 
—

 
13,155

 
17,850

 
—

Trade finance
 
3,318

 
3,318

 
—

 
9,011

 
9,011

 
—

Consumer and other
 
2,119

 
2,204

 
—

 
1,007

 
1,156

 
—

Subtotal
 
$
67,771

 
$
91,642

 
$
—

 
$
67,960

 
$
93,141

 
$
—

Total
 
$
105,970

 
$
136,339

 
$
5,933

 
$
104,007

 
$
132,701

 
$
4,791


__________________________________
(1) Impaired loans exclude acquired PCI loans
(2) Unpaid contractual principal balance less charge offs, interest collected applied to principal if on nonaccrual and purchase discounts.

23

 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total Impaired Loans (1)
 
Average Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
Average Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
Average Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
Average Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
With related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
125

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
84

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
2,133

 
6

 
7,088

 
7

 
1,880

 
11

 
4,902

 
15

Hotel & motel
 
1,812

 
—

 
2,792

 
—

 
1,857

 
—

 
2,838

 
—

Gas station & car wash
 
61

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
31

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
 
847

 
2

 
2,985

 
39

 
859

 
3

 
2,094

 
75

Industrial & warehouse
 
7,249

 
90

 
2,616

 
36

 
5,267

 
170

 
2,002

 
67

Other
 
2,597

 
5

 
6,655

 
24

 
4,318

 
11

 
5,902

 
47

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
 
24,019

 
139

 
27,487

 
168

 
23,414

 
295

 
24,435

 
331

Trade finance
 
1,463

 
1

 
3,146

 
63

 
975

 
2

 
3,384

 
121

Consumer and other
 
956

 
—

 
748

 
6

 
829

 
—

 
673

 
6

Subtotal
 
$
41,137

 
$
243

 
$
53,642

 
$
343

 
$
39,430

 
$
492

 
$
46,314

 
$
662

With no related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
17,808

 
35

 
10,917

 
36

 
14,540

 
70

 
11,209

 
71

Hotel & motel
 
9,946

 
—

 
3,713

 
—

 
10,256

 
—

 
3,423

 
—

Gas station & car wash
 
494

 
4

 
542

 
—

 
511

 
9

 
558

 
—

Mixed use
 
5,345

 
51

 
2,475

 
50

 
5,912

 
102

 
2,017

 
100

Industrial & warehouse
 
10,998

 
64

 
11,886

 
56

 
11,447

 
127

 
10,733

 
112

Other
 
15,524

 
82

 
13,587

 
112

 
12,339

 
166

 
15,819

 
233

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
650

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
867

 
—

Commercial business
 
10,576

 
62

 
20,530

 
37

 
11,436

 
121

 
19,752

 
63

Trade finance
 
5,813

 
52

 
3,165

 
47

 
6,879

 
102

 
3,134

 
90

Consumer and other
 
1,450

 
—

 
1,807

 
—

 
1,303

 
—

 
1,718

 
—

Subtotal
 
$
77,954

 
$
350

 
$
69,272

 
$
338

 
$
74,623

 
$
697

 
$
69,230

 
$
669

Total
 
$
119,091

 
$
593

 
$
122,914

 
$
681

 
$
114,053

 
$
1,189

 
$
115,544

 
$
1,331

__________________________________
(1) Impaired loans exclude acquired PCI loans
(2) Unpaid contractual principal balance less charge offs, interest collected applied to principal if on nonaccrual and purchase discounts.

24

 
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
Impaired Acquired Loans (1)
 
Recorded Investment (2)
 
Unpaid
Contractual Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
Recorded Investment (2)
 
Unpaid
Contractual Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
With related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
810

 
843

 
22

 
198

 
220

 
118

Hotel & motel
 
73

 
345

 
3

 
72

 
345

 
4

Gas station & car wash
 
61

 
1,967

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
 
293

 
297

 
22

 
312

 
312

 
38

Industrial & warehouse
 
328

 
1,920

 
80

 
230

 
1,050

 
88

Other
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,454

 
3,454

 
13

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
 
2,022

 
2,294

 
987

 
4,064

 
5,041

 
130

Trade finance
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
 
131

 
131

 
1

 
144

 
144

 
—

Subtotal
 
$
3,718

 
$
7,797

 
$
1,115

 
$
8,474

 
$
10,566

 
$
391

With no related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
7,155

 
7,246

 
—

 
3,285

 
4,151

 
—

Hotel & motel
 
5,350

 
6,790

 
—

 
5,428

 
6,874

 
—

Gas station & car wash
 
183

 
706

 
—

 
247

 
2,673

 
—

Mixed use
 
194

 
285

 
—

 
3,722

 
3,726

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
119

 
894

 
—

Other
 
5,131

 
8,448

 
—

 
1,013

 
1,326

 
—

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
 
2,206

 
3,843

 
—

 
1,670

 
2,681

 
—

Trade finance
 
3,318

 
3,318

 
—

 
3,124

 
3,124

 
—

Consumer and other
 
680

 
765

 
—

 
997

 
1,144

 
—

Subtotal
 
$
24,217

 
$
31,401

 
$
—

 
$
19,605

 
$
26,593

 
$
—

Total
 
$
27,935

 
$
39,198

 
$
1,115

 
$
28,079

 
$
37,159

 
$
391


__________________________________
(1) Impaired loans exclude acquired PCI loans
(2) Unpaid contractual principal balance less charge offs, interest collected applied to principal if on nonaccrual and purchase discounts.

25

 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Impaired Acquired Loans (1)
 
Average
Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
Average
Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
Average
Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
Average
Recorded Investment(2)
 
Interest Income Recognized During Impairment
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
With related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
125

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
84

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
692

 
—

 
800

 
—

 
527

 
—

 
621

 
—

Hotel & motel
 
73

 
—

 
79

 
—

 
73

 
—

 
81

 
—

Gas station & car wash
 
30

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
20

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
 
298

 
2

 
2,899

 
39

 
303

 
3

 
1,976

 
75

Industrial & warehouse
 
282

 
—

 
266

 
—

 
264

 
—

 
251

 
1

Other
 
544

 
—

 
3,314

 
19

 
1,999

 
—

 
2,316

 
37

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
 
2,998

 
24

 
8,243

 
41

 
3,353

 
49

 
6,158

 
80

Trade finance
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
 
133

 
—

 
76

 
2

 
137

 
—

 
51

 
2

Subtotal
 
$
5,050

 
$
26

 
$
15,802

 
$
101

 
$
6,676

 
$
52

 
$
11,538

 
$
195

With no related allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
 
7,344

 
30

 
3,108

 
31

 
5,991

 
60

 
3,209

 
61

Hotel & motel
 
5,371

 
—

 
1,029

 
—

 
5,390

 
—

 
847

 
—

Gas station & car wash
 
215

 
—

 
193

 
—

 
225

 
—

 
129

 
—

Mixed use
 
2,049

 
—

 
36

 
—

 
2,607

 
—

 
74

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
 
93

 
—

 
491

 
—

 
106

 
—

 
342

 
—

Other
 
4,749

 
67

 
4,475

 
60

 
3,504

 
133

 
6,027

 
117

Real estate – construction
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
 
1,640

 
31

 
8,380

 
24

 
1,650

 
64

 
6,660

 
38

Trade finance
 
3,192

 
52

 
3,165

 
47

 
3,169

 
102

 
3,104

 
90

Consumer and other
 
731

 
—

 
1,618

 
—

 
820

 
—

 
1,463

 
—

Subtotal
 
$
25,384

 
$
180

 
$
22,495

 
$
162

 
$
23,462

 
$
359

 
$
21,855

 
$
306

Total
 
$
30,434

 
$
206

 
$
38,297

 
$
263

 
$
30,138

 
$
411

 
$
33,393

 
$
501


__________________________________
(1) Impaired loans exclude acquired PCI loans
(2) Unpaid contractual principal balance less charge offs, interest collected applied to principal if on nonaccrual and purchase discounts.

26

Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status if principal and/or interest payments become 90 days or more past due and/or management deems the collectability of the principal and/or interest to be in question, as well as when required by regulatory requirements. Loans to customers whose financial condition has deteriorated are considered for nonaccrual status whether or not the loan is 90 days or more past due. Generally, payments received on nonaccrual loans are recorded as principal reductions. Loans are returned to accrual status only when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The Company did not recognize any cash basis interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018.
The following table represents the recorded investment of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 or more days and still on accrual status by class of loans as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
 
Nonaccrual Loans(1)
 
Accruing Loans Past Due 90 or More Days
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
4,682

 
5,153

 
—

 
—

Hotel & motel
6,503

 
7,325

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
31

 
31

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
717

 
749

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
7,278

 
6,111

 
—

 
—

Other
10,794

 
5,940

 
—

 
—

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
15,318

 
14,837

 
—

 
—

Trade finance
2,721

 
1,661

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
2,205

 
441

 
353

 
243

Subtotal
$
50,249

 
$
42,248

 
$
353

 
$
243

Acquired Loans: (2)
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
5,350

 
829

 
—

 
—

Hotel & motel
5,423

 
5,500

 
—

 
1,286

Gas station & car wash
245

 
247

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
370

 
1,224

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
328

 
349

 
—

 
—

Other
1,201

 
259

 
—

 
—

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
958

 
1,632

 
—

 
—

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
810

 
998

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
$
14,685

 
$
11,038

 
$
—

 
$
1,286

Total
$
64,934

 
$
53,286

 
$
353

 
$
1,529


__________________________________
(1) 
Total nonaccrual loans exclude guaranteed portion of delinquent SBA loans that are in liquidation totaling $32.1 million and $29.2 million, at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2) 
Acquired Loans exclude PCI loans.

27

The following tables present the recorded investment of past due loans, including nonaccrual loans past due 30 or more days, by the number of days past due as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by class of loans:
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
30-59 Days
Past Due 
 
60-89 Days 
Past Due
 
90 or More Days
Past Due 
 
Total
Past Due
 
30-59 Days
Past Due 
 
60-89 Days 
Past Due
 
90 or More Days
Past Due 
 
Total
Past Due
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
811

 
297

 
1,108

 
733

 
—

 
809

 
1,542

Hotel & motel
1,716

 
347

 
3,680

 
5,743

 
153

 
—

 
5,215

 
5,368

Gas station & car wash
658

 
—

 
31

 
689

 
—

 
—

 
31

 
31

Mixed use
—

 
174

 
184

 
358

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
74

 
849

 
3,387

 
4,310

 
1,465

 
—

 
1,922

 
3,387

Other
8,576

 
133

 
7,359

 
16,068

 
1,837

 
—

 
2,405

 
4,242

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
1,450

 
121

 
10,671

 
12,242

 
5,500

 
435

 
7,003

 
12,938

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
2,721

 
2,721

 
1,036

 
—

 
1,661

 
2,697

Consumer and other
5,721

 
250

 
1,796

 
7,767

 
16,413

 
140

 
247

 
16,800

Subtotal
$
18,195

 
$
2,685

 
$
30,126

 
$
51,006

 
$
27,137

 
$
575

 
$
19,293

 
$
47,005

Acquired Loans: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
38

 
5,001

 
5,039

 
347

 
—

 
602

 
949

Hotel & motel
—

 
—

 
4,462

 
4,462

 
—

 
—

 
5,206

 
5,206

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
221

 
221

 
154

 
—

 
221

 
375

Mixed use
—

 
—

 
194

 
194

 
107

 
—

 
1,034

 
1,141

Industrial & warehouse
94

 
120

 
328

 
542

 
142

 
—

 
119

 
261

Other
791

 
—

 
203

 
994

 
183

 
219

 
—

 
402

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
84

 
—

 
237

 
321

 
397

 
613

 
253

 
1,263

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
1,337

 
709

 
268

 
2,314

 
—

 
—

 
334

 
334

Subtotal
$
2,306

 
$
867

 
$
10,914

 
$
14,087

 
$
1,330

 
$
832

 
$
7,769

 
$
9,931

Total Past Due
$
20,501

 
$
3,552

 
$
41,040

 
$
65,093

 
$
28,467

 
$
1,407

 
$
27,062

 
$
56,936


__________________________________
(1) 
Acquired Loans exclude PCI loans.
Loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 are generally considered accruing and performing and the accretable discount is accreted to interest income over the estimated life of the loan when cash flows are reasonably estimable. Accordingly, PCI loans that are contractually past due can still considered to be accruing and performing loans. The loans may be classified as nonaccrual if the timing and amount of future cash flows is not reasonably estimable.
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, including, but not limited to, current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes all loans with the exception of homogeneous loans, or loans that are evaluated together in pools of similar loans (i.e., home mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, overdraft loans, express business loans, and automobile loans). Homogeneous loans are not risk rated and credit risk is analyzed largely by the number of days past due. This analysis is performed at least on a quarterly basis.



28

The definitions for risk ratings are as follows:
•
Pass: Loans that meet a preponderance or more of the Company’s underwriting criteria and evidence an acceptable level of risk.
•
Special Mention: Loans that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
•
Substandard: Loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans in this classification have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
•
Doubtful: Loans that have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
The following tables present the recorded investment of risk ratings for Legacy and Acquired Loans as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by class of loans:
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
Pass/
Not Rated
 
Special
Mention
 
Substandard
 
Doubtful
 
Total
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
45,944

 
$
—

 
$
145

 
$
—

 
$
46,089

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
1,784,344

 
35,150

 
36,712

 
—

 
1,856,206

Hotel & motel
1,389,821

 
10,341

 
31,870

 
—

 
1,432,032

Gas station & car wash
818,660

 
2,761

 
2,122

 
—

 
823,543

Mixed use
550,044

 
12,967

 
13,559

 
—

 
576,570

Industrial & warehouse
721,166

 
945

 
34,497

 
—

 
756,608

Other
1,375,120

 
32,591

 
39,753

 
—

 
1,447,464

Real estate – construction
252,432

 
16,249

 
—

 
—

 
268,681

Commercial business
2,119,781

 
35,789

 
39,031

 
—

 
2,194,601

Trade finance
160,669

 
73

 
2,721

 
—

 
163,463

Consumer and other
787,796

 
184

 
2,266

 
—

 
790,246

Subtotal
$
10,005,777

 
$
147,050

 
$
202,676

 
$
—

 
$
10,355,503

Acquired Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
4,362

 
$
387

 
$
329

 
$
—

 
$
5,078

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
401,670

 
5,844

 
22,187

 
—

 
429,701

Hotel & motel
166,101

 
298

 
19,161

 
—

 
185,560

Gas station & car wash
121,640

 
—

 
5,039

 
—

 
126,679

Mixed use
87,781

 
7,225

 
4,511

 
—

 
99,517

Industrial & warehouse
153,008

 
4,132

 
19,708

 
—

 
176,848

Other
351,841

 
10,066

 
28,680

 
—

 
390,587

Real estate – construction
—

 
9,689

 
—

 
—

 
9,689

Commercial business
53,607

 
1,778

 
15,300

 
1

 
70,686

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
3,318

 
—

 
3,318

Consumer and other
119,893

 
16

 
2,932

 
—

 
122,841

Subtotal
$
1,459,903

 
$
39,435

 
$
121,165

 
$
1

 
$
1,620,504

Total
$
11,465,680

 
$
186,485

 
$
323,841

 
$
1

 
$
11,976,007


29

 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Pass/
Not Rated
 
Special
Mention
 
Substandard
 
Doubtful
 
Total
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
44,066

 
$
—

 
$
546

 
$
—

 
$
44,612

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
1,815,170

 
18,072

 
30,686

 
—

 
1,863,928

Hotel & motel
1,389,349

 
21,932

 
15,869

 
—

 
1,427,150

Gas station & car wash
814,291

 
2,810

 
2,464

 
—

 
819,565

Mixed use
510,021

 
12,480

 
13,292

 
—

 
535,793

Industrial & warehouse
711,236

 
1,665

 
38,332

 
—

 
751,233

Other
1,326,795

 
35,539

 
34,618

 
—

 
1,396,952

Real estate – construction
227,231

 
10,904

 
—

 
—

 
238,135

Commercial business
1,944,783

 
18,220

 
54,688

 
—

 
2,017,691

Trade finance
191,508

 
—

 
2,558

 
—

 
194,066

Consumer and other
910,292

 
—

 
441

 
—

 
910,733

Subtotal
$
9,884,742

 
$
121,622

 
$
193,494

 
$
—

 
$
10,199,858

Acquired Loans:
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
5,812

 
$
393

 
$
380

 
$
—

 
$
6,585

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
483,939

 
4,651

 
17,332

 
35

 
505,957

Hotel & motel
186,761

 
807

 
19,472

 
—

 
207,040

Gas station & car wash
148,702

 
274

 
6,032

 
—

 
155,008

Mixed use
77,100

 
3,986

 
8,151

 
—

 
89,237

Industrial & warehouse
171,574

 
9,451

 
18,071

 
223

 
199,319

Other
402,247

 
12,902

 
28,996

 
—

 
444,145

Real estate – construction
29,058

 
7,883

 
—

 
—

 
36,941

Commercial business
89,611

 
1,083

 
19,237

 
8

 
109,939

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
3,124

 
—

 
3,124

Consumer and other
136,944

 
37

 
3,626

 
146

 
140,753

Subtotal
$
1,731,748

 
$
41,467

 
$
124,421

 
$
412

 
$
1,898,048

Total
$
11,616,490

 
$
163,089

 
$
317,915

 
$
412

 
$
12,097,906


The Company may reclassify loans held for investment to loans held for sale in the event that the Company plans to sell loans that were originated with the intent to hold to maturity. Loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The breakdown of loans by type that were reclassified from held for investment to held for sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is presented in the following table:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Transfer of loans held for investment to held for sale
(Dollars in thousands)
Consumer
$
49,601

 
$
—

 
$
82,991

 
$
6,155




30

The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is determined by management based upon an evaluation and review of the credit quality of the loan portfolio, consideration of historical loan loss experience, relevant internal and external factors that affect the collection of loans, and other pertinent factors.
Migration analysis is a formula methodology derived from the Bank’s actual historical net charge off experience for each loan class (type) or pool and risk grade. The migration analysis is centered on the Bank’s internal credit risk rating system. Management’s internal loan review and externally contracted credit review examinations are used to determine and validate loan risk grades. This credit review system takes into consideration factors such as: borrower’s background and experience; historical and current financial conditions; credit history and payment performance; economic conditions and their impact on various industries; type, fair value, and valuation volatility of collateral; lien positions; and the financial strength of any guarantors.
A general loan loss allowance is provided on loans that are not specifically identified as impaired (“non-impaired loans”). The Bank’s general loan loss allowance has two components: quantitative and qualitative risk factors. The quantitative risk factors are based on the migration analysis methodology described above. Loans are classified by class and risk grade, and the historical loss migration is tracked for the various classes. Loss experience is quantified for a specified period and then weighted to place more significance on the most recent losses. That loss experience is then applied to the stratified portfolio at the end of each quarter. The Company utilizes nineteen non-homogeneous loan pools in the quantitative analysis process. The non-impaired commercial real estate loan portfolio is stratified into fourteen different loan pools based on property types and the non-impaired commercial and industrial and consumer loans are stratified into five different loan pools based on loan type in order to allocate historic loss experience on a more granular basis.
Additionally, in order to systematically quantify the credit risk impact of other trends and changes within the loan portfolio, the Bank utilizes qualitative adjustments to the migration analysis within established parameters. The parameters for making adjustments are established under a Credit Risk Matrix that provides seven possible scenarios for each of the factors below. The matrix allows for up to three positive (Major, Moderate, and Minor), three negative (Major, Moderate, and Minor), and one neutral credit risk scenarios within each factor for each loan type or pool. However, if information exists to warrant adjustment to the migration analysis, changes are made in accordance with the established parameters supported by narrative and/or statistical analysis. The Credit Risk Matrix and the possible scenarios enable the Bank to qualitatively adjust the Loss Migration Ratio by as much as 50 basis points in either direction (positive or negative) for each loan type pool. This matrix considers the following nine factors, which are patterned after the guidelines provided under the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”) Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
•
Changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge off, and recovery practices;
•
Changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments, including the condition of various market segments;
•
Changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio;
•
Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff;
•
Changes in the trends of the volume and severity of past due loans, classified loans, nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings, and other loan modifications;
•
Changes in the quality of the loan review system and the degree of oversight by the Directors;
•
Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans;
•
The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations; and
•
The effect of external factors, such as competition, legal requirements, and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in the loan portfolio.

31

The Company also establishes specific loss allowances for loans that have identified potential credit risk conditions or circumstances related to a specific individual credit. The specific allowance amounts are determined in accordance with ASC 310-10-35-22, “Measurement of Impairment.” The loans identified as impaired will be accounted for in accordance with one of the three acceptable valuation methods: 1) the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; 2) the loan’s observable market price; or 3) the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. For the collateral dependent impaired loans, management obtains a new appraisal to determine the amount of impairment as of the date that the loan became impaired. The appraisals are based on an “as-is” valuation. To ensure that appraised values remain current, management either obtains updated appraisals every twelve months from a qualified independent appraiser or an internal evaluation of the collateral is performed by qualified personnel. If the third party market data indicates that the value of the collateral property has declined since the most recent valuation date, management adjusts the value of the property downward to reflect current market conditions. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the recorded amount of the loan, management recognizes impairment by creating or adjusting an existing valuation allowance with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. If an impaired loan is expected to be collected through liquidation or operation of the underlying collateral, the loan is deemed to be collateral dependent and the amount of impairment is charged off against the allowance for loan losses.
The Company considers a loan to be impaired when it is probable that not all amounts due (principal and interest) will be collectible in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. The significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls is determined on a case-by-case basis by taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.
For commercial business loans, real estate loans, and certain consumer loans, management bases the measurement of loan impairment on the present value of the expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or on the fair value of the loan’s collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The scope for evaluation of individual impairment includes all impaired loans greater than $500 thousand. The Company evaluates most loans of $500 thousand or less for impairment on a collective basis because these loans generally have smaller balances and are homogeneous in the underwriting of terms and conditions. If a loan is deemed to be impaired, the amount of the impairment is supported by a specific allowance which is included in the allowance for loan losses through a charge to the provision for loan losses.
For PCI loans, the allowance for loan losses is based upon expected cash flows for these loans. To the extent that a deterioration in borrower’s credit quality results in a decrease in expected cash flows subsequent to the acquisition of the loans, an allowance for loan losses would be established based on an estimate of future credit losses over the remaining life of the loans. Credit for loan losses for total acquired loans for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $503 thousand which included $1.2 million in credit for loan losses related to PCI loans. Credit for loan losses on acquired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $383 thousand which included $2.2 million in credit for loan losses related to PCI loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, allowance for loan losses for PCI loans included an impairment credit adjustment of $878 thousand that resulted from a loan pool being paid off. Credit for loan losses for total acquired loans for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $253 thousand which included $449 thousand in credit for loan losses related to PCI loans. Credit for loan losses on acquired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $2.5 million which included $637 thousand in credit for loan losses related to PCI loans.

32

The following table presents breakdown of loans by impairment method at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
Real Estate –
Residential
 
Real Estate –
Commercial
 
Real Estate –
Construction
 
Commercial
Business
 
Trade
Finance
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans
(recorded investment)
$
—

 
$
66,363

 
$
—

 
$
30,387

 
$
6,143

 
$
3,077

 
$
105,970

Specific allowance
$
—

 
$
319

 
$
—

 
$
5,269

 
$
333

 
$
12

 
$
5,933

Specific allowance to impaired loans
N/A

 
0.48
%
 
N/A

 
17.34
%
 
5.42
%
 
0.39
%
 
5.60
%
Other loans
$
51,167

 
$
8,234,952

 
$
278,370

 
$
2,234,900

 
$
160,638

 
$
910,010

 
$
11,870,037

General allowance
$
88

 
$
52,433

 
$
1,244

 
$
26,086

 
$
676

 
$
7,606

 
$
88,133

General allowance to other loans
0.17
%
 
0.64
%
 
0.45
%
 
1.17
%
 
0.42
%
 
0.84
%
 
0.74
%
Total loans
$
51,167

 
$
8,301,315

 
$
278,370

 
$
2,265,287

 
$
166,781

 
$
913,087

 
$
11,976,007

Total allowance for loan losses
$
88

 
$
52,752

 
$
1,244

 
$
31,355

 
$
1,009

 
$
7,618

 
$
94,066

Total allowance to total loans
0.17
%
 
0.64
%
 
0.45
%
 
1.38
%
 
0.60
%
 
0.83
%
 
0.79
%
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Real Estate –
Residential
 
Real Estate –
Commercial
 
Real Estate –
Construction
 
Commercial
Business
 
Trade
Finance
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans
(recorded investment)
$
—

 
$
58,056

 
$
—

 
$
35,358

 
$
9,011

 
$
1,582

 
$
104,007

Specific allowance
$
—

 
$
437

 
$
—

 
$
4,351

 
$
—

 
$
3

 
$
4,791

Specific allowance to impaired loans
N/A

 
0.75
%
 
N/A

 
12.31
%
 
—
%
 
0.19
%
 
4.61
%
Other loans
$
51,197

 
$
8,337,271

 
$
275,076

 
$
2,092,272

 
$
188,179

 
$
1,049,904

 
$
11,993,899

General allowance
$
112

 
$
55,453

 
$
765

 
$
23,414

 
$
719

 
$
7,303

 
$
87,766

General allowance to other loans
0.22
%
 
0.67
%
 
0.28
%
 
1.12
%
 
0.38
%
 
0.70
%
 
0.73
%
Total loans
$
51,197

 
$
8,395,327

 
$
275,076

 
$
2,127,630

 
$
197,190

 
$
1,051,486

 
$
12,097,906

Total allowance for loan losses
$
112

 
$
55,890

 
$
765

 
$
27,765

 
$
719

 
$
7,306

 
$
92,557

Total allowance to total loans
0.22
%
 
0.67
%
 
0.28
%
 
1.30
%
 
0.36
%
 
0.69
%
 
0.77
%

Under certain circumstances, the Company provides borrowers relief through loan modifications. These modifications are either temporary in nature (“temporary modifications”) or are more substantive. The temporary modifications generally consist of interest only payments for a three to six month period, whereby principal payments are deferred. At the end of the modification period, the remaining principal balance is re-amortized based on the original maturity date. Loans subject to temporary modifications are generally downgraded to Special Mention or Substandard. At the end of the modification period, the loan either 1) returns to the original contractual terms; 2) is further modified and accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring in accordance with ASC 310-10-35; or 3) is disposed of through foreclosure or liquidation.
TDR loans are defined by ASC 310-40, “Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors” and evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10-35. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including reduction in the stated interest rate, reduction in the amount of principal amortization, forgiveness of a portion of a loan balance or accrued interest, or extension of the maturity date. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed on the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on their debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Bank’s internal underwriting policy. At June 30, 2019, total TDR loans were $57.1 million, compared to $64.0 million at December 31, 2018.
 

33

A summary of the recorded investment of TDR loans on accrual and nonaccrual status by type of concession as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is presented below:
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
TDR Loans on Accrual Status
 
TDR Loans on Nonaccrual Status
 
Total
TDRs
 
Real Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Other
 
Total
 
Real Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Other
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Payment concession
$
5,034

 
$
960

 
$
61

 
$
6,055

 
$
4,051

 
$
553

 
$
—

 
$
4,604

 
$
10,659

Maturity / amortization concession
13,556

 
10,791

 
3,319

 
27,666

 
—

 
8,437

 
2,905

 
11,342

 
39,008

Rate concession
4,547

 
2,359

 
104

 
7,010

 
373

 
—

 
—

 
373

 
7,383

Total
$
23,137

 
$
14,110

 
$
3,484

 
$
40,731

 
$
4,424

 
$
8,990

 
$
2,905

 
$
16,319

 
$
57,050

 
As of December 31, 2018
 
TDR Loans on Accrual Status
 
TDR Loans on Nonaccrual Status
 
Total
TDRs
 
Real Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Other
 
Total
 
Real Estate
 
Commercial Business
 
Other
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Payment concession
$
5,142

 
$
961

 
$
—

 
$
6,103

 
$
2,216

 
$
746

 
$
—

 
$
2,962

 
$
9,065

Maturity / amortization concession
14,012

 
17,257

 
7,391

 
38,660

 
—

 
10,166

 
73

 
10,239

 
48,899

Rate concession
4,872

 
672

 
103

 
5,647

 
401

 
—

 
—

 
401

 
6,048

Total
$
24,026

 
$
18,890

 
$
7,494

 
$
50,410

 
$
2,617

 
$
10,912

 
$
73

 
$
13,602

 
$
64,012


TDR loans on accrual status are comprised of loans that were accruing at the time of restructuring and for which the Company anticipates full repayment of both principal and interest under the restructured terms. TDR loans that are on nonaccrual status can be returned to accrual status after a period of sustained performance, generally determined to be six months of timely payments as modified.  Sustained performance includes the periods prior to the modification if the prior performance met or exceeded the modified terms. TDR loans on accrual status at June 30, 2019 were comprised of 15 commercial real estate loans totaling $23.1 million, 33 commercial business loans totaling $14.1 million, and 14 consumer and other loans totaling $3.5 million. TDR loans on accrual status at December 31, 2018 were comprised of 20 commercial real estate loans totaling $24.0 million, 37 commercial business loans totaling $18.9 million and 6 consumer and other loans totaling $7.5 million. The Company expects that TDR loans on accrual status as of June 30, 2019, which were all performing in accordance with their restructured terms, to continue to comply with the restructured terms because of the reduced principal or interest payments on these loans. TDR loans that were restructured at market interest rates and had sustained performance as agreed under the modified loan terms may be reclassified as non-TDR after each year end but are reserved for under ASC 310-10.
The Company has allocated $4.6 million and $3.0 million of specific reserves to TDR loans as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. 

34

The following tables present the recorded investment of loans classified as TDR during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 by class of loans:
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Number of
Loans 
 
Pre-
Modification
 
Post-
Modification 
 
Number of
Loans 
 
Pre-
Modification
 
Post-
Modification 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
54

 
54

Hotel & motel
1

 
730

 
730

 
—

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
7

 
447

 
447

 
10

 
2,830

 
2,830

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
7

 
30

 
30

 
1

 
70

 
70

Subtotal
15

 
$
1,207

 
$
1,207

 
12

 
$
2,954

 
$
2,954

Acquired Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Retail
1

 
27

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
—

Hotel & motel
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
2

 
961

 
961

 
—

 
—

 
—

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
1

 
132

 
132

 
2

 
1,348

 
1,348

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
4

 
$
1,120

 
$
1,120

 
2

 
$
1,348

 
$
1,348

Total
19

 
$
2,327

 
$
2,327

 
14

 
$
4,302

 
$
4,302



35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Number of
Loans 
 
Pre-
Modification
 
Post-
Modification 
 
Number of
Loans 
 
Pre-
Modification
 
Post-
Modification 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
66

 
66

Hotel & motel
2

 
880

 
880

 
—

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
2,093

 
2,093

Other
1

 
92

 
92

 
1

 
1,231

 
1,231

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
12

 
3,143

 
3,143

 
13

 
6,486

 
6,486

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
13

 
62

 
62

 
1

 
70

 
70

Subtotal
28

 
$
4,177

 
$
4,177

 
18

 
$
9,946

 
$
9,946

Acquired Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
498

Real estate – commercial
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Retail
2

 
125

 
125

 
1

 
207

 
207

Hotel & motel
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed use
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
2,714

 
2,714

Industrial & warehouse
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
2

 
961

 
961

 
1

 
1,047

 
1,047

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
2

 
167

 
167

 
2

 
1,348

 
1,348

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
6

 
$
1,253

 
$
1,253

 
5

 
$
5,316

 
$
5,814

Total
34

 
$
5,430

 
$
5,430

 
23

 
$
15,262

 
$
15,760


For TDRs modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $31 thousand and $52 thousand, respectively, in specific reserves. Total charge-offs of TDR loans modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 totaled 33 thousand. For TDR loans modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded $44 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively, in specific reserves. Total charge-offs of TDR loans modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 totaled $131 thousand.

36

The following table presents loans modified as TDRs within the previous twelve months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 that subsequently had payment defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018:
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Number of Loans
 
Balance
 
Number of Loans
 
Balance
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

Hotel & motel
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed Use
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
1

 
92

 
—

 
—

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
—

 
—

 
4

 
1,188

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
6

 
39

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
7

 
$
131

 
4

 
$
1,188

Acquired Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – commercial
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

Hotel & motel
1

 
73

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed Use
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
1

 
234

 
—

 
—

Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
3

 
150

 
—

 
—

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
5

 
$
457

 
—

 
$
—

Total
12

 
$
588

 
4

 
$
1,188



37

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Number of Loans
 
Balance
 
Number of Loans
 
Balance
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

Hotel & motel
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed Use
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
1

 
92

 
—

 
—

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
—

 
—

 
4

 
1,188

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
6

 
39

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
7

 
$
131

 
4

 
$
1,188

Acquired Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – commercial
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Retail
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

Hotel & motel
1

 
73

 
—

 
—

Gas station & car wash
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Mixed Use
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Industrial & warehouse
1

 
234

 
—

 
—

Other
—

 
—

 
1

 
3,108

Real estate – construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial business
4

 
218

 
1

 
—

Trade finance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Subtotal
6

 
$
525

 
2

 
$
3,108

Total
13

 
$
656

 
6

 
$
4,296

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. The Company recorded $85 thousand and $119 thousand, respectively, in specific reserves for TDR loans that had payment defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. Total charge offs for TDR loans that had payment defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $67 thousand.
There were seven Legacy TDR loans and six Acquired TDR loans that subsequently defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Legacy TDR loans were modified as follows: one commercial real estate loan totaling $92 thousand was modified through a payment extension and six consumer loans totaling $39 thousand were modified through payment extensions. Acquired TDR loans that defaulted were modified as follows: two commercial real estate loans totaling $307 thousand was modified through payment extensions and four commercial business loans totaling $218 thousand were modified through payment extensions.
As of June 30, 2018, there were $33 thousand specific reserves for the TDR loans that had payment defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. There were $51 thousand charge offs for TDR loans that had payment defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
There were four commercial business Legacy TDR loans totaling $1.2 million that subsequently defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 that was modified through maturity extensions. There was one real estate commercial Acquired TDR loan totaling $3.1 million that subsequently defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 that was modified through a payment concession.

38

8.    Leases
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, using the modified retrospective approach under ASC 842 (See footnote 2 “Basis of Presentation” for additional information regarding adoption of ASU 2016-02). The Company’s operating leases are real estate leases which are comprised of bank branches, loan production offices, and office spaces with remaining lease terms ranging from 1 to 11 years as of June 30, 2019.  Certain lease arrangements contain extension options which are typically around 5 years. As these extension options are not generally considered reasonably certain of exercise, they are not included in the lease term. 
At June 30, 2019, operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and related liabilities were $60.1 million and $61.2 million, respectively. At June 30, 2019, the short term operating lease liability totaled $12.5 million and the long term operating lease liability totaled $48.7 million. The Company defines short term operating lease liabilities as liabilities due in twelve months or less and long term lease liabilities are defined as liabilities that are due in more than twelve months at the end of each reporting period. The Company did not have any finance leases at June 30, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company extended seven leases and entered into two new leases ranging from one to five years and reassessed the ROU asset and lease liability related to these leases.
Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset during the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. Operating lease expense, which is comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded in occupancy expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company’s occupancy expense also includes variable lease costs which is comprised of the Company's share of actual costs for utilities, common area maintenance, property taxes, and insurance that are not included in lease liabilities and are expensed as incurred. Variable lease costs can also include rent escalations based on changes to indices, such as the Consumer Price Index, where the Company estimates future rent increases and records the actual difference to variable costs.
The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to present value lease payments in order to recognize a ROU asset and the related lease liability. The Company calculates its incremental borrowing rate by adding a spread to the FHLB borrowing interest rate at a given period.
The table below summarizes the Company’s net lease cost:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019
 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Operating lease cost
$
4,157

 
$
8,280

Short term lease cost
—

 
9

Variable lease cost
833

 
1,536

Sublease income
(156
)
 
(313
)
Net lease cost
$
4,834

 
$
9,512



Rent expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 was $4.8 million and $4.5 million, respectively. Rent expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 was $9.5 million and $9.0 million, respectively.
The table below summarizes other information related to the Company’s operating leases:
 
At or for the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019
 
At or for the Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
 
 
Operating cash outflows for operating leases
$
3,709

 
$
7,372

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities, net
1,017

 
65,263

Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases
6.16 years

 
6.16 years

Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases
3.21
%
 
3.21
%


39

The table below summarizes the maturity of remaining lease liabilities:
 
June 30, 2019
 
(Dollars in thousands)
2019
$
7,357

2020
13,410

2021
12,558

2022
8,466

2023
6,383

2024 and thereafter
19,760

Total lease payments
67,934

Less: imputed interest
6,720

Total lease obligations
$
61,214


As of June 30, 2019, the Company did not have any additional operating lease commitments that have not yet commenced.

40

9.    Deposits
The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250 thousand at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, was $1.81 billion and $1.77 billion, respectively. Included in time deposits of more than $250 thousand were $300.0 million in California State Treasurer’s deposits at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The California State Treasurer’s deposits are subject to withdrawal based on the State’s periodic evaluations. The Company is required to pledge eligible collateral of at least 110% of outstanding deposits. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, securities with fair values of approximately $333.7 million and $336.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for the California State Treasurer’s deposit.
The Company also utilizes brokered deposits as a secondary source of funds. Total brokered deposits at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, totaled $1.48 billion and $1.57 billion, respectively. Brokered deposits at June 30, 2019 consisted of $266.9 million in money market and NOW accounts and $1.21 billion in time deposits accounts. Brokered deposits at December 31, 2018 consisted of $370.4 million in money market and NOW accounts and $1.20 billion in time deposit accounts.

41

10.    Borrowings
The Company maintains a line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of San Francisco as a secondary source of funds. The borrowing capacity with the FHLB is limited to the lower of 25% of the Bank’s total assets or the Bank’s collateral capacity, which was $3.85 billion at June 30, 2019, and $3.81 billion at December 31, 2018. The terms of this credit facility require the Company to pledge eligible collateral with the FHLB equal to at least 100% of outstanding advances. The Company also has an unsecured credit facility with the FHLB that totaled $95.0 million and $91.0 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, real estate secured loans with a carrying amount of approximately $6.94 billion and $6.01 billion, respectively, were pledged at the FHLB for outstanding advances and remaining borrowing capacity. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other than FHLB stock, no securities were pledged as collateral at the FHLB. The purchase of FHLB stock is a prerequisite to become a member of the FHLB system, and the Company is required to own a certain amount of FHLB stock based on outstanding borrowings.
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, FHLB advances totaling $695.0 million and $821.3 million, respectively, had weighted average effective interest rates of 1.98% and 1.78%, respectively. FHLB advances at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 had various maturities through December 2022. The effective interest rate of FHLB advances as of June 30, 2019 ranged between 1.35% and 2.51%. At June 30, 2019, the Company’s remaining borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $3.13 billion.
Although the Company maintains borrowing lines with other banks, there were no federal funds purchased from other banks at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
At June 30, 2019, the contractual maturities for outstanding FHLB advances were as follows:

June 30, 2019
Scheduled maturities in:
(Dollars in thousands)
2019
$
220,000

2020
185,000

2021
145,000

2022
145,000

Total
$
695,000



As a member of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) system, the Bank may also borrow from the FRB of San Francisco. The maximum amount that the Bank may borrow from the FRB’s discount window is up to 95% of the fair market value of the qualifying loans and securities that are pledged. At June 30, 2019, the outstanding principal balance of the qualifying loans pledged at the FRB was $917.1 million and there were no investment securities pledged. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total available borrowing capacity at the FRB discount window was $736.3 million and $786.6 million, respectively. There were no borrowings outstanding at the FRB discount window as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

42

11.    Subordinated Debentures and Convertible Notes
Subordinated Debt
At June 30, 2019, the Company had nine wholly owned subsidiary grantor trusts that had issued $126.0 million of pooled trust preferred securities. Trust preferred securities accrue and pay distributions periodically at specified annual rates as provided in the indentures. The trusts used the net proceeds from the offering to purchase a like amount of subordinated debentures (the “Debentures”). The Debentures are the sole assets of the trusts. The Company’s obligations under the subordinated debentures and related documents, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the obligations of the trusts. The trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity of the Debentures, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indentures. The Company has the right to redeem the Debentures in whole (but not in part) on a quarterly basis at a redemption price specified in the indentures plus any accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date. The Company also has a right to defer consecutive payments of interest on the debentures for up to five years.
The following table is a summary of trust preferred securities and Debentures at June 30, 2019:
Issuance Trust

Issuance
Date

Trust
Preferred
Security
Amount

Carrying
Value of
Debentures

Rate
Type

Current Rate

Maturity
Date
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nara Capital Trust III

06/05/2003

$
5,000


$
5,155


Variable

5.56%

06/15/2033
Nara Statutory Trust IV

12/22/2003

5,000


5,155


Variable

5.45%

01/07/2034
Nara Statutory Trust V

12/17/2003

10,000


10,310


Variable

5.36%

12/17/2033
Nara Statutory Trust VI

03/22/2007

8,000


8,248


Variable

4.06%

06/15/2037
Center Capital Trust I

12/30/2003

18,000


14,128


Variable

5.45%

01/07/2034
Wilshire Trust II
 
03/17/2005
 
20,000

 
15,634

 
Variable
 
4.20%
 
03/17/2035
Wilshire Trust III
 
09/15/2005
 
15,000

 
11,041

 
Variable
 
3.81%
 
09/15/2035
Wilshire Trust IV
 
07/10/2007
 
25,000

 
17,899

 
Variable
 
3.79%
 
09/15/2037
Saehan Capital Trust I
 
03/30/2007
 
20,000

 
14,907

 
Variable
 
3.94%
 
06/30/2037
Total



$
126,000


$
102,477









The carrying value of Debentures at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $102.5 million and $102.2 million, respectively. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, acquired Debentures had remaining discounts of $27.4 million, and $28.0 million. The carrying balance of Debentures is net of remaining discounts and includes common trust securities.
The Company’s investment in the common trust securities of the issuer trusts was $3.9 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and is included in other assets. Although the subordinated debt issued by the trusts are not included as a component of stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, the debt is treated as capital for regulatory purposes. The Company’s trust preferred security debt issuances are includable in Tier 1 capital up to a maximum of 25% of capital on an aggregate basis as they were grandfathered in under BASEL III. Any amount that exceeds 25% qualifies as Tier 2 capital.
Convertible Notes
On May 11, 2018, the Company issued $200 million aggregate principal amount of 2.00% convertible senior notes maturing on May 15, 2038 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. Subsequently on June 7, 2018, an additional $17.5 million in convertible notes were issued as part of the initial offering over-allotment option. In total, the Company issued $217.5 million in convertible notes during the second quarter of 2018. The convertible notes can be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial rate of 45.0760 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.18 per share of common stock which represents a premium of 22.5% to the closing stock price on the date of the pricing of the notes). Holders of the convertible notes have the option to convert all or a portion of the notes at any time on or after February 15, 2023. Prior to February 15, 2023, the convertible notes cannot be converted unless under certain specified scenarios. The convertible notes can be called by the Company, in part or in whole, on or after May 20, 2023 for 100% of the principal amount in cash. Holders of the convertible notes also have the option to put the notes back to the Company on May 15, 2023, May 15, 2028, or May 15, 2033 for 100% of the principal amount in cash. The convertible notes can be settled in cash, stock, or a combination of stock and cash at the option of the Company.

43

The convertible notes were issued as part of the Company’s plan to repurchase its common stock. On April 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that authorized the Company to use up to $100.0 million of the proceeds from the convertible notes offering to repurchase its common stock. The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting the initial purchaser’s discount, was approximately $213.2 million. Of the total net proceeds, $113.2 million was down-streamed to the Bank as equity and the remaining $100.0 million was allocated for share repurchases. The Company used approximately $76.0 million of the allocated $100.0 million to repurchase shares of its common stock from purchasers of the convertible notes in privately negotiated transactions at a purchase price per share equal to the $18.11 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on May 11, 2018. The Company repurchased the remaining $24.0 million in stock on the open market during the second and third quarter of 2018.
In accordance with accounting principles, the convertible notes issued by the Company were separated into a debt component and an equity component which represents the stock conversion option. The present value of the convertible notes was calculated based on a discount rate of 4.25%, which represented the current offering rate for similar types of debt without conversion options. The effective life of the convertible notes was estimated to be five years based on the first call and put date. The difference between the principal amount of the notes and the present value was recorded as the convertible note discount and additional paid-in capital. The issuance costs related to the offering were also allocated into a debt component to be capitalized, and an equity component in the same percentage allocation of debt and equity of the convertible note. The value of the convertible note at issuance and carrying value as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is presented in the tables below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
 
Amortization/
Capitalization
Period
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization / Capitalization
 
Carrying Amount
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Convertible notes principal balance
 
 
 
$
217,500

 
$
—

 
$
217,500

Discount
 
5 years
 
(21,880
)
 
4,580

 
(17,300
)
Issuance costs to be capitalized
 
5 years
 
(4,119
)
 
896

 
(3,223
)
Carrying balance of convertible notes
 
 
 
$
191,501

 
$
5,476

 
$
196,977

 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
 
Amortization/
Capitalization
Period
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization / Capitalization
 
Carrying Amount
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Convertible notes principal balance
 
 
 
$
217,500

 
$
—

 
$
217,500

Discount
 
5 years
 
(21,880
)
 
2,544

 
(19,336
)
Issuance costs to be capitalized
 
5 years
 
(4,119
)
 
498

 
(3,621
)
Carrying balance of convertible notes
 
 
 
$
191,501

 
$
3,042

 
$
194,543


Interest expense on the convertible notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 totaled $2.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively. Interest expense on the convertible notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 totaled $1.2 million. Interest expense for the Company’s convertible notes includes accrued interest on the convertible note coupon, non-cash interest expense representing the conversion option or note discount, and interest expense from capitalized issuance costs. Non-cash interest expense and issuance cost capitalization expense will only be recorded for the first five outstanding years of the convertible notes. Subsequent to May 15, 2023, interest expense on the convertible notes will consist of only accrued interest on the coupon.

44

12.    Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company offers a loan hedging program to certain loan customers. Through this program, the Company originates a variable rate loan with the customer. The Company and the customer will then enter into a fixed interest rate swap. Lastly, an identical offsetting swap is entered into by the Company with a correspondent bank. These “back-to-back” swap arrangements are intended to offset each other and allow the Company to book a variable rate loan, while providing the customer with a contract for fixed interest payments. In these arrangements, the Company’s net cash flow is equal to the interest income received from the variable rate loan originated with the customer. These customer swaps are not designated as hedging instruments and are recorded at fair value in other assets and other liabilities. The changes in fair value is recognized in the income statement in other income and fees.
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, interest rate swaps related to the Company’s loan hedging program that were outstanding is presented in the following table:
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest rate swaps on loans with correspondent banks
(included in other assets)
 
 
 
 
Notional amount
 
$
71,201

 
$
237,916

Weighted average remaining term (years)
 
4.6

 
6.8

Pay fixed rate (weighted average)
 
3.96
%
 
4.36
%
Received variable rate (weighted average)
 
4.97
%
 
4.69
%
Estimated fair value
 
$
646

 
$
6,191

 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps on loans with correspondent banks
(included in other liabilities)
 
 
 
 
Notional amount
 
$
221,900

 
$
36,972

Weighted average remaining term (years)
 
7.0

 
6.4

Pay fixed rate (weighted average)
 
4.65
%
 
5.12
%
Received variable rate (weighted average)
 
4.77
%
 
4.56
%
Estimated fair value
 
$
(8,414
)
 
$
(868
)
 
 
 
 
 
Back to back interest rate swaps with loan customers
(included in other liabilities)
 
 
 
 
Notional amount
 
$
71,201

 
$
237,916

Weighted average remaining term (years)
 
4.6

 
6.8

Received fixed rate (weighted average)
 
3.96
%
 
4.36
%
Pay variable rate (weighted average)
 
4.97
%
 
4.69
%
Estimated fair value
 
$
(646
)
 
$
(6,191
)
 
 
 
 
 
Back to back interest rate swaps with loan customers
(included in other assets)
 
 
 
 
Notional amount
 
$
221,900

 
$
36,972

Weighted average remaining term (years)
 
7.0

 
6.4

Received variable rate (weighted average)
 
4.65
%
 
5.12
%
Pay fixed rate (weighted average)
 
4.77
%
 
4.56
%
Estimated fair value
 
$
8,414

 
$
868


 

45

The Company enters into various stand-alone mortgage-banking derivatives in order to hedge the risk associated with the fluctuation of interest rates. Changes in fair value are recorded as mortgage banking revenue. Residential mortgage loans funded with interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors are considered derivatives. At June 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $23.5 million in interest rate lock commitments and total forward sales commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans. At December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $874 thousand in interest rate lock commitments and total forward sales commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans.
The following table reflects the notional amount and fair value of mortgage banking derivatives for the dates indicated:
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Notional Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Notional Amount
 
Fair Value
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate lock commitments
$
16,710

 
$
142

 
$
874

 
$
10

Forward sale contracts related to mortgage banking
$
8,397

 
$
23

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate lock commitments
$
6,805

 
$
38

 
$
—

 
$
—

Forward sale contracts related to mortgage banking
$
15,118

 
$
58

 
$
874

 
$
3




46

13.    Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk that are used to meet the financing needs of customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, commercial letters of credit, commitments to fund investments in affordable housing partnerships, and mortgage derivatives. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance on commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as the Company does for extending loan facilities to customers. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extension of credit, is based on the Company’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. The types of collateral that the Company may hold can vary and may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing properties.
Commitments at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit
$
1,655,373

 
$
1,712,032

Standby letters of credit
85,052

 
69,763

Other letters of credit
61,792

 
65,822

Commitments to fund investments in affordable housing partnerships
34,217

 
46,507


In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various legal claims. The Company has reviewed all legal claims against the Company with counsel and has taken into consideration the views of such counsel as to the potential outcome of the claims. Loss contingencies for all legal claims totaled $170 thousand at June 30, 2019 and $755 thousand at December 31, 2018. It is reasonably possible the Company may incur losses in addition to the amounts currently accrued. However, at this time, the Company is unable to estimate the range of additional losses that are reasonably possible because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages and involve claims that the Company believes has little to no merit. The Company has considered these and other possible loss contingencies and does not expect the amounts to be material to the consolidated financial statements.

47

14.    Goodwill, Intangible Assets, and Servicing Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the sum of the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less the estimated fair value of the liabilities assumed. Goodwill has an indefinite useful life and is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. At December 31, 2018, the Company assessed the qualitative factors related to intangible assets and goodwill and for the year to determine whether it was more-likely-than-not that the fair value was less than its carrying amount. Based on the analysis of these factors, management determined that it was more-likely-than-not that intangible assets were not impaired and that the fair value of goodwill exceeded the carrying value and that the two-step goodwill impairment test was not needed. Goodwill is not amortized for book purposes and is not tax deductible.
The carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $464.5 million. There was no impairment of goodwill during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
Core deposit intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives, which range from seven to ten years. Amortization expense related to core deposit intangible assets totaled $557 thousand and $615 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The amortization expense related to core deposit intangible assets totaled $1.1 million and $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following table provides information regarding the core deposit intangibles at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
Core Deposit Intangibles Related To:
 
Amortization Period
 
Gross
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Carrying Amount
 
 
 
 
 (Dollars in thousands)
Center Financial acquisition
 
7 years
 
$
4,100

 
$
(4,100
)
 
$
—

 
$
(4,100
)
 
$
—

Pacific International Bank acquisition
 
7 years
 
604

 
(590
)
 
14

 
(579
)
 
25

Foster Bankshares acquisition
 
10 years
 
2,763

 
(2,007
)
 
756

 
(1,893
)
 
870

Wilshire Bancorp acquisition
 
10 years
 
18,138

 
(5,961
)
 
12,177

 
(4,972
)
 
13,166

Total
 
 
 
$
25,605

 
$
(12,658
)
 
$
12,947

 
$
(11,544
)
 
$
14,061



Servicing assets are recognized when SBA and residential mortgage loans are sold with the servicing retained by the Company and the related income is recorded as a component of gains on sales of loans. Servicing assets are initially recorded at fair value based on the present value of the contractually specified servicing fee, net of servicing costs, over the estimated life of the loan, using a discount rate. The Company’s servicing costs approximates the industry average servicing costs of 40 basis points. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.
Management periodically evaluates servicing assets for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into groupings based on loan type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not have a valuation allowance on it servicing assets.

48

The changes in servicing assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
21,407

 
$
24,866

 
$
23,132

 
$
24,710

Additions through originations of servicing assets
 
619

 
1,600

 
946

 
3,316

Amortization
 
(2,029
)
 
(2,086
)
 
(4,081
)
 
(3,646
)
Adjustments
 
—

 
670

 
—

 
670

Balance at end of period
 
$
19,997

 
$
25,050

 
$
19,997

 
$
25,050



Loans serviced for others are not reported as assets. The principal balances of loans serviced for other institutions were $1.56 billion as of June 30, 2019 and $1.55 billion as of December 31, 2018.
The Company utilizes the discounted cash flow method to calculate the initial excess servicing assets. The inputs used in evaluating servicing assets for impairment at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented below.
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
SBA Servicing Assets:
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average discount rate
 
10.98%
 
11.23%
Constant prepayment rate
 
13.40%
 
11.09%
Mortgage Servicing Assets:
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average discount rate
 
9.25%
 
10.25%
Constant prepayment rate
 
9.86%
 
7.13%


49

15.    Income Taxes
For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company had an income tax provision totaling $14.3 million on pretax income of $56.9 million, representing an effective tax rate of 25.04%, compared with an income tax provision of $16.6 million on pretax income of $64.2 million, representing an effective tax rate of 25.92% for the three months ended June 30, 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company had an income tax provision totaling $28.7 million on pretax income of $114.1 million, representing an effective tax rate of 25.14%, compared with an income tax provision of $34.4 million on pretax income of $133.1 million, representing an effective tax rate of 25.81% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The reduction in effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to the increase in affordable housing partnership investment tax credits.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as state income taxes. The Company had total unrecognized tax benefits of $2.3 million at June 30, 2019 and $2.3 million at December 31, 2018, that relate to uncertainties associated with federal and state income tax matters. The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company recorded approximately $520 thousand and $470 thousand, for accrued interest (no portion was related to penalties) at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Management believes it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by $2.3 million in the next twelve months due to a settlement with the state tax authorities.
The statute of limitations for the assessment of income taxes related to the consolidated federal income tax returns is closed for all tax years up to and including 2014. The expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of income and franchise taxes related to the various state income and franchise tax returns varies by state. The Company is currently under examination by the California Franchise Tax Board (FTB) for the 2011, 2012 and 2013 tax years and Texas Comptroller for the 2015, 2016, and 2017 tax years. Wilshire Bancorp, Inc., an acquired entity, is currently under examination by the FTB for the 2011, 2012, and 2013 tax years. While the outcome of the examinations is unknown, the Company expects no material adjustments.
Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities (without regard to certain changes to deferred taxes). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management evaluates both positive and negative evidence, including the existence of any cumulative losses in the current year and the prior two years, the amount of taxes paid in available carry-back years, the forecasts of future income, applicable tax planning strategies, and assessments of current and future economic and business conditions. This analysis is updated quarterly and adjusted as necessary. Based on the analysis, the Company has determined that a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets was not required as of June 30, 2019.

50

16.    Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date reflecting assumptions that a market participant would use when pricing an asset or liability. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. The fair value inputs of the instruments are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories pursuant to ASC 820:
Level 1 -
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. The quoted price shall not be adjusted for any blockage factor (i.e., size of the position relative to trading volume).
Level 2 - Pricing inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies, including the use of pricing matrices. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
The Company uses the following methods and assumptions in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments. Financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are listed as follows:
Securities Available for Sale
The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs) or matrix pricing, which is a technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).
The fair values of the Company’s Level 3 securities available for sale were measured using an income approach valuation technique. The primary inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurement was derived from the security’s underlying collateral, which included discount rate, prepayment speeds, payment delays, and an assessment of the risk of default of the underlying collateral, among other factors. Significant increases or decreases in any of the inputs or assumptions could result in a significant increase or decrease in the fair value measurement.
Equity Investments With Readily Determinable Fair Value
The fair value of the Company’s equity investments with readily determinable fair value is comprised of mutual funds and equity stock. The fair value for these investments is obtained from unadjusted quoted prices in active markets on the date of measurement and is therefore classified as Level 1.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company offers interest rate swaps to certain loan customers to allow them to hedge the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. The Company originates a variable rate loan and enters into a variable-to-fixed interest rate swap with the customer. The Company also enters into an offsetting swap with a correspondent bank. These back-to-back agreements are intended to offset each other and allow the Company to originate a variable rate loan, while providing a contract for fixed interest payments for the customer. The net cash flow for the Company is equal to the interest income received from a variable rate loan originated with the customer. The fair value of these derivatives is based on a discounted cash flow approach. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts, the valuation of interest rate swaps is classified as Level 2.
Mortgage banking derivatives
Mortgage banking derivative instruments consist of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts that trade in liquid markets. The fair value is based on the prices available from third party investors. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value, the valuation of mortgage banking derivatives are classified as Level 2.

51

Impaired Loans
The fair values of impaired loans are generally measured for impairment using the practical expedients permitted by FASB ASC 310-10-35 including impaired loans measured at an observable market price (if available), or at the fair value of the loan’s collateral (if the loan is collateral dependent). Fair value of the loan’s collateral, when the loan is dependent on collateral, is determined by appraisals or independent valuation, less costs to sell of 8.5%. Appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and income approach. Adjustment may be made in the appraisal process by the independent appraiser to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and the underlying collateral. For commercial and industrial and asset backed loans, independent valuations may include a 20-60% discount for eligible accounts receivable and a 50-70% discount for inventory. These result in a Level 3 classification.
OREO
OREO is fair valued at the time the loan is foreclosed upon and the asset is transferred to OREO. The value is based primarily on third party appraisals, less costs to sell of 8.5% and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. OREO is reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted to lower of cost or market accordingly, based on the same factors identified above.
Loans held for sale
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors, or based on recent comparable sales (Level 2 inputs), if available, and if not available, are based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life and credit risk (Level 3 inputs) or may be assessed based upon the fair value of the collateral, which is obtained from recent real estate appraisals (Level 3 inputs). These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
 
 

Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 
June 30, 2019

Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:







Securities available for sale:







U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
$
844,899

 
$
—

 
$
844,899

 
$
—

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 

 
 
 

Residential
367,176

 
—

 
367,176

 
—

Commercial
540,931

 
—

 
540,931

 
—

Corporate securities
3,880


—


3,880


—

Municipal securities
70,017


—


68,930


1,087

Equity investments with readily determinable fair value
22,061

 
22,061

 
—

 
—

Interest rate swaps
9,060

 
—

 
9,060

 
—

Mortgage banking derivatives
165

 
—

 
165

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
9,060

 
—

 
9,060

 
—

Mortgage banking derivatives
96

 
—

 
96

 
—



52

 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 
December 31, 2018
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
$
895,122

 
$
—

 
$
895,122

 
$
—

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
402,605

 
—

 
402,605

 
—

Commercial
469,126

 
—

 
469,126

 
—

Corporate securities
3,826

 
—

 
3,826

 
—

Municipal securities
75,586

 
—

 
74,527

 
1,059

Equity investments with readily determinable fair value
23,405

 
23,405

 
—

 
—

Interest rate swaps
7,059

 
—

 
7,059

 
—

Mortgage banking derivatives
10

 
—

 
10

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
7,059

 
—

 
7,059

 
—

Mortgage banking derivatives
3

 
—

 
3

 
—


There were no transfers between Level 1, 2, and 3 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
The table below presents a reconciliation and income statement classification of losses for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance
 
$
1,068

 
$
1,079

 
$
1,059

 
$
1,108

Change in fair value included in other comprehensive income (loss)
 
19

 
(14
)
 
28

 
(43
)
Ending Balance
 
$
1,087

 
$
1,065

 
$
1,087

 
$
1,065

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


53

The Company measures certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis including impaired loans (excluding PCI loans), loans held for sale, and OREO. These fair value adjustments result from impairments recognized during the period, application of the lower of cost or fair value on loans held for sale, and the application of fair value less cost to sell on OREO.
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:
 
 

Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 
June 30, 2019

Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans
$
9,014


$
—


$
—


$
9,014

Commercial business
13,511


—


—


13,511

Trade finance
2,721

 
—

 
—

 
2,721

OREO
4,497


—


—


4,497


 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 
December 31, 2018
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans
$
9,379

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
9,379

Commercial business
9,951

 
—

 
—

 
9,951

Consumer
66

 
—

 
—

 
66

OREO
5,659

 
—

 
—

 
5,659


For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, the total net gains (losses), which include charge offs, recoveries, specific reserves, and recognized gains and losses on sales are summarized below:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans
$
525

 
$
966

 
$
1,573

 
$
(4,606
)
Commercial business
(336
)
 
1,513

 
(3,567
)
 
614

Trade Finance
(333
)
 
(240
)
 
(333
)
 
(225
)
Consumer
(343
)
 
448

 
(628
)
 
(763
)
OREO
77

 
192

 
139

 
264




54

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, not previously presented, at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
June 30, 2019
 
Carrying
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Measurement Using
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Financial Assets:



 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
609,795


$
609,795

 
Level 1
Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions
30,632

 
30,714

 
Level 2
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values
26,689

 
26,689

 
Level 2
Loans held for sale
6,426


6,516

 
Level 2
Loans receivable—net
11,883,068


11,756,995

 
Level 3
Accrued interest receivable
33,980


33,980

 
Level 2/3
Servicing assets, net
19,997

 
21,693

 
Level 3
Customers’ liabilities on acceptances
1,696


1,696

 
Level 2
Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest bearing deposits
$
3,009,218


$
3,009,218

 
Level 2
Saving and other interest bearing demand deposits
3,482,806


3,482,806

 
Level 2
Time deposits
5,680,360


5,707,901

 
Level 2
FHLB advances
695,000


697,013

 
Level 2
Convertible notes, net
196,977

 
199,030

 
Level 1
Subordinated debentures
102,477


117,726

 
Level 2
Accrued interest payable
36,987


36,987

 
Level 2
Acceptances outstanding
1,696


1,696

 
Level 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
Carrying
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Measurement Using
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Financial Assets:



 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
459,606


$
459,606

 
Level 1
Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions
29,409

 
29,374

 
Level 2
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values
26,430

 
26,430

 
Level 2
Loans held for sale
25,128


25,943

 
Level 2
Loans receivable—net
12,005,558


11,913,906

 
Level 3
Accrued interest receivable
32,225


32,225

 
Level 2/3
Servicing assets, net
23,132

 
24,762

 
Level 3
Customers’ liabilities on acceptances
2,281


2,281

 
Level 2
Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest bearing deposits
$
3,022,633


$
3,022,633

 
Level 2
Saving and other interest bearing demand deposits
3,262,399


3,262,399

 
Level 2
Time deposits
5,870,624


5,889,030

 
Level 2
FHLB advances
821,280


810,812

 
Level 2
Convertible debt
194,543

 
180,525

 
Level 1
Subordinated debentures
101,929


116,542

 
Level 2
Accrued interest payable
31,374


31,374

 
Level 2
Acceptances outstanding
2,281


2,281

 
Level 2



55

During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Among other things, the guidance requires the Company to base their fair value disclosures for financial instruments that are not measured at fair value in the financial statements on the exit price notion as opposed to an entry pricing notion. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Company used the entry prices to measure the fair value of certain assets and liabilities including loans, deposits, and subordinated debentures as permitted by ASC 820-10. However, upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Company began measuring these assets and liabilities based on the exit price notion. Although the exit price notion represents the value that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, the actual price received for a sale of assets or paid to transfer liabilities could be different from exit price disclosed.
The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value are described as follows:
The carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, savings and other interest bearing demand deposits, equity investments without readily determinable fair values, customer’s and Bank’s liabilities on acceptances, noninterest bearing deposits, short-term debt, secured borrowings and variable rate loans or deposits that reprice frequently and fully. For loans the fair value is determined through a discounted cash flow analysis which incorporates probability of default and loss given default rates on an individual loan basis. The discount rate is based on the LIBOR Swap Rate for fixed rate loans, while variable loans start with the corresponding index rate and an adjustment was made on certain loans which considered factors such as servicing costs, capital charges, duration, asset type incremental costs, and use of projected cash flows. Residential real estate loans fair values included Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac prepayment speed assumptions or a third party index based on historical prepayment speeds. Fair value of time deposits is based discounted cash flow analysis using recent issuance rates over the prior three months and a market rate analysis of recent offering rates for retail products. Wholesale time deposits fair values incorporated brokered time deposit offering rates. The fair value of the Company’s debt is based on current rates for similar financing. Fair value for the Company’s convertible notes is based on the actual last traded price of the notes. The fair value of commitments to fund loans represents fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements with similar remaining maturities and is not presented herein. The fair value of these financial instruments is not material to the consolidated financial statements.

56

17.    Stockholders’ Equity
Total stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2019 was $2.00 billion, compared to $1.90 billion at December 31, 2018.
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recorded $21.4 million in additional paid-in capital from the convertible notes issued. The $21.4 million included $21.9 million for the equity component of the convertible notes offset by $461 thousand in issuance costs from the convertible notes that was allocated to equity. The Company also recorded a tax adjustment on the equity component of the convertible notes reducing additional paid-in capital by $6.4 million.
On April 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million in common stock. During the second and third quarter of 2018, the Company repurchased 5,565,696 shares of common stock totaling $100.0 million as part of the share repurchase program which was recorded as treasury stock.
On September 20, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved another share repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase an additional $50 million of its common stock. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company repurchased 3,436,757 shares of common stock totaling $50.0 million as part of this share repurchase program which was recorded as treasury stock.
The Company paid a quarterly dividend of $0.14 per common share during the second quarter of 2019 compared to $0.13 per common share paid during the second quarter of 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid total dividends of $0.28 and $0.26 per common share, respectively.
The following table presents the quarterly changes to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018:
 
Three Months Ended,
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
(15,358
)
 
$
(38,640
)
 
$
(32,705
)
 
$
(21,781
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale
32,523

 
(9,249
)
 
57,189

 
(33,898
)
Reclassification adjustments for net gains realize in net income
(129
)
 
—

 
(129
)
 
—

Tax effect
(9,613
)
 
2,767

 
(16,932
)
 
10,276

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
$
22,781

 
$
(6,482
)
 
$
40,128

 
$
(23,622
)
Reclassification to retained earnings per ASU 2016-01
—

 
—

 
—

 
281

Balance at end of period
$
7,423

 
$
(45,122
)
 
$
7,423

 
$
(45,122
)


During the second quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a reclassification adjustment of $129 thousand from other comprehensive income to net gains on sale of securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income for investment securities that were sold during the quarter. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01 “Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Company no longer accounts for mutual funds as available-for-sale securities and accounts for these investments as equity investments with changes to fair value recorded through earnings. In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the Company reclassified $281 thousand in net unrealized losses included in other comprehensive income, net of taxes to retained earnings on January 1, 2018. For the three and six months ended and June 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no other reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

57

18.    Regulatory Matters
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operation, such as restrictions on growth or the payment of dividends or other capital distributions or management fees. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
In July 2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies adopted final regulations, which revised their risk-based and leverage capital requirements for banking organizations to meet requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act and to implement the Basel III international agreements reached by the Basel Committee. The final rules became effective for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015 and were subject to a phase-in period through January 1, 2019. The final rules that had an impact on the Company and the Bank include:
•
An increase in the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio from 4.00% to 6.00% of risk-weighted assets;
•
A new category and a required 4.50% of risk-weighted assets ratio was established for “Common Equity Tier 1” as a subset of Tier 1 capital limited to common equity;
•
A minimum non-risk-based leverage ratio was set at 4.00%, eliminating a 3.00% exception for higher rated banks;
•
Changes in the permitted composition of Tier 1 capital to exclude trust preferred securities, mortgage servicing rights and certain deferred tax assets and include unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities;
•
The risk-weights of certain assets for purposes of calculating the risk-based capital ratios are changed for high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans, certain past due non-residential mortgage loans and certain mortgage-backed and other securities exposures; and
•
A new additional capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk weighted assets over each of the required capital ratios was added and must be met to avoid limitations on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay discretionary bonuses. The capital conservation buffer for the Company was initially 0.625% in 2016 and increased 0.625% annually until 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the capital conservation buffer for the Company stood at 2.50%.
As of June 30, 2019, the ratios for the Company and the Bank were sufficient to meet the fully phased-in conservation buffer.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the most recent regulatory notification categorized the Bank as “well-capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To generally be categorized as “well-capitalized”, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since the most recent notification from regulators that management believes has changed the institution’s category.

58

The Company’s and the Bank’s levels and ratios are presented in the table below for the dates indicated:
 
Actual
 
Required
For Capital
Adequacy Purposes
 
Minimum Capital Adequacy With Capital Conservation Buffer
 
Required
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
As of June 30, 2019
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Common equity Tier 1 capital
(to risk weighted assets):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
1,512,921

 
11.90
%
 
$
572,206

 
4.50
%
 
$
890,098

 
7.00
%
 
 N/A

 
 N/A

Bank
$
1,784,216

 
14.03
%
 
$
572,138

 
4.50
%
 
$
889,992

 
7.00
%
 
$
826,421

 
6.50
%
Total capital
(to risk-weighted assets):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
1,706,299

 
13.42
%
 
$
1,017,255

 
8.00
%
 
$
1,335,147

 
10.50
%
 
 N/A

 
 N/A

Bank
$
1,879,018

 
14.78
%
 
$
1,017,134

 
8.00
%
 
$
1,334,988

 
10.50
%
 
$
1,271,417

 
10.00
%
Tier 1 capital
(to risk-weighted assets):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
1,611,497

 
12.67
%
 
$
762,941

 
6.00
%
 
$
1,080,833

 
8.50
%
 
 N/A

 
 N/A

Bank
$
1,784,216

 
14.03
%
 
$
762,850

 
6.00
%
 
$
889,992

 
8.50
%
 
$
1,017,134

 
8.00
%
Tier 1 capital
(to average assets):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
1,611,497

 
10.94
%
 
$
589,066

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
 N/A

 
 N/A

Bank
$
1,784,216

 
12.11
%
 
$
589,225

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
$
736,532

 
5.00
%
 
Actual
 
Required
For Capital
Adequacy Purposes
 
Minimum Capital Adequacy With Capital Conservation Buffer
 
Required
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
As of December 31, 2018
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Common equity Tier 1 capital
(to risk weighted assets):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
1,458,344

 
11.44
%
 
$
573,723

 
4.50
%
 
$
812,774

 
6.375
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
$
1,737,092

 
13.63
%
 
$
573,669

 
4.50
%
 
$
812,740

 
6.375
%
 
$
828,677

 
6.50
%
Total capital
(to risk-weighted assets):
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Company
$
1,649,664

 
12.94
%
 
$
1,019,952

 
8.00
%
 
$
1,259,004

 
9.875
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
$
1,830,385

 
14.36
%
 
$
1,019,910

 
8.00
%
 
$
1,258,951

 
9.875
%
 
$
1,274,887

 
10.00
%
Tier 1 capital
(to risk-weighted assets):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
1,556,371

 
12.21
%
 
$
764,964

 
6.00
%
 
$
1,004,015

 
7.875
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
$
1,737,092

 
13.63
%
 
$
764,932

 
6.00
%
 
$
812,740

 
7.875
%
 
$
1,019,910

 
8.00
%
Tier 1 capital
(to average assets):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
1,556,371

 
10.55
%
 
$
590,176

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
$
1,737,092

 
11.76
%
 
$
590,639

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
$
738,299

 
5.00
%



59

19.    Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent issued ASUs that are related to Topic 606. The implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue and a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not material and deemed unnecessary.
Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also out of scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as deposit related fees, wire transfer fees, and certain OREO related net gains or expenses. However, the recognition of these revenue streams for the Company did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Noninterest revenue streams within the scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts and Wire Transfer Fees
Service charges on noninterest and interest bearing deposit accounts consist of monthly service charges, customer analysis charges, non-sufficient funds (“NSF”) charges, and other deposit account related charges. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis charges and monthly service charges is generally satisfied, and the related revenue is recognized over the period in which the service is provided. NSF charges, other deposit account related charges, and wire transfer fees are transaction based, and therefore the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied at the point of the transaction, and related revenue recognized at that point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
Service charges on deposit accounts and wire transfers are summarized below:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest bearing deposit account income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monthly service charges
$
406

 
$
446

 
$
829

 
$
885

Customer analysis charges
1,871

 
2,036

 
3,594

 
4,060

NSF charges
1,926

 
1,895

 
3,868

 
3,986

Other service charges
197

 
221

 
410

 
454

Total noninterest bearing deposit account income
4,400

 
4,598

 
8,701

 
9,385

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest bearing deposit account income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monthly service charges
16

 
15

 
32

 
29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total service fees on deposit accounts
$
4,416

 
$
4,613

 
$
8,733

 
$
9,414

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wire transfer fee income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wire transfer fees
$
1,166

 
$
1,149

 
$
2,100

 
$
2,229

Foreign exchange fees
145

 
101

 
300

 
228

Total wire transfer fees
$
1,311

 
$
1,250

 
$
2,400

 
$
2,457



60

OREO Income (Expense)
OREO are often sold in transactions that, under ASC 606, may not be considered a contract with a customer because the sale of the asset may not be an output of the Company’s ordinary activities. However, sales of nonfinancial assets, including in-substance nonfinancial assets, should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 610-20, “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets”, which requires the Company to apply certain measurement and recognition concepts of ASC 606. Accordingly, the Company recognizes the sale of a real estate property, along with any associated gain or loss, when control of the property transfers to the buyer. For sales of existing real estate properties, this generally will occur at the point of sale. When the Company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company must assess whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. Application of the new revenue recognition standard does not materially change the amount and the timing of the gain/loss on sale of OREO and other nonfinancial assets. Further, there were no open OREO/nonfinancial assets sale contracts at the adoption date that required an evaluation under Topic 606. The Company recognized a net loss on sale of OREO in the amount of $16 thousand and $13 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized a gain on sale of OREO in the amount of $79 thousand and $151 thousand, respectively.

61

Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A)
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

GENERAL
Selected Financial Data
The following tables set forth a performance overview concerning the periods indicated and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the following Results of Operations and Financial Condition sections in the MD&A.
 
At or for the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
At or for the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Income Statement Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
173,466

 
$
159,910

 
$
346,596

 
$
310,320

Interest expense
56,245

 
37,091

 
109,767

 
67,433

Net interest income
117,221

 
122,819

 
236,829

 
242,887

Provision for loan losses
1,200

 
2,300

 
4,200

 
4,800

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
116,021

 
120,519

 
232,629

 
238,087

Noninterest income
12,287

 
15,269

 
23,709

 
35,119

Noninterest expense
71,371

 
71,629

 
142,204

 
140,082

Income before income tax provision
56,937

 
64,159

 
114,134

 
133,124

Income tax provision
14,256

 
16,629

 
28,695

 
34,362

Net income
$
42,681

 
$
47,530

 
$
85,439

 
$
98,762

Per Share Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share - basic
$
0.34

 
$
0.36

 
$
0.67

 
$
0.74

Earnings per common share - diluted
$
0.34

 
$
0.36

 
$
0.67

 
$
0.73

Book value per common share (period end)
$
15.75

 
$
14.53

 
$
15.75

 
$
14.53

Cash dividends declared per common share
$
0.14

 
$
0.13

 
$
0.28

 
$
0.26

Tangible book value per common share (period end) (9)
$
11.98

 
$
10.87

 
$
11.98

 
$
10.87

Number of common shares outstanding (period end)
126,673,822

 
131,167,705

 
126,673,822

 
131,167,705

Weighted average shares - basic
126,658,509

 
133,061,304

 
126,649,536

 
134,283,216

Weighted average shares - diluted
126,870,455

 
133,352,841

 
126,842,870

 
134,576,744

Tangible common equity to tangible assets (9)
10.21
%
 
9.91
%
 
10.21
%
 
9.91
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
15,185,495

 
$
14,596,963

 
$
15,237,627

 
$
14,406,664

Securities available for sale
1,804,677

 
1,732,908

 
1,816,081

 
1,703,180

Loans receivable and loans held for sale
11,959,920

 
11,364,229

 
12,023,690

 
11,230,788

Deposits
12,052,613

 
11,543,869

 
12,071,026

 
11,326,325

Stockholders’ equity
1,960,500

 
1,922,290

 
1,940,606

 
1,926,766

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

62

 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Selected Performance Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (1)
1.12
%
 
1.30
%
 
1.12
%
 
1.37
%
Return on average stockholders’ equity (1)
8.71
%
 
9.89
%
 
8.81
%
 
10.25
%
Return on average tangible equity (1) (8)
11.51
%
 
13.18
%
 
11.68
%
 
13.66
%
Dividend payout ratio (dividends per share / diluted EPS)
41.62
%
 
36.48
%
 
41.57
%
 
35.43
%
Efficiency ratio (2)
55.11
%
 
51.87
%
 
54.58
%
 
50.39
%
Net interest spread
2.66
%
 
3.14
%
 
2.73
%
 
3.19
%
Net interest margin (3)
3.31
%
 
3.61
%
 
3.35
%
 
3.64
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Statement of Financial Condition Data - at Period End:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
15,338,827

 
$
14,870,008

 
 
 
 
Securities available for sale
1,826,903

 
1,835,106

 
 
 
 
Loans receivable
11,977,134

 
11,671,440

 
 
 
 
Deposits
12,172,384

 
11,734,595

 
 
 
 
FHLB advances
695,000

 
836,994

 
 
 
 
Convertible notes, net
196,977

 
192,120

 
 
 
 
Subordinated debentures
102,477

 
101,386

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
1,995,172

 
1,905,676

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Regulatory Capital Ratios (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leverage capital ratio (5)
10.94
%
 
11.06
%
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio (10)
11.90
%
 
11.74
%
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
12.67
%
 
12.52
%
 
 
 
 
Total risk-based capital ratio
13.42
%
 
13.24
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Quality Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to loans receivable
0.79
%
 
0.77
%
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
144.86
%
 
131.74
%
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans (6)
88.73
%
 
74.61
%
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming assets (7)
84.24
%
 
69.60
%
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans to loans receivable
0.54
%
 
0.58
%
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming loans to loans receivable (6)
0.89
%
 
1.03
%
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming assets to loans receivable and OREO (7)
0.93
%
 
1.11
%
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming assets to total assets (7)
0.73
%
 
0.87
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________
(1) 
Annualized.
(2) 
Efficiency ratio is defined as noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income before provision for loan losses and noninterest income.
(3) 
Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average total interest earning assets.
(4) 
The ratios generally required to meet the definition of a “well-capitalized” financial institution under certain banking regulations are 5.0% leverage capital, 6.5% common equity tier 1 capital, 8.0% Tier 1 risk-based capital, and 10.0% total risk-based capital.
(5) 
Calculations are based on average quarterly asset balances.
(6) 
Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and accruing restructured loans (excluding PCI loans).
(7) 
Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and OREO.
(8) 
Average tangible equity is calculated by subtracting average goodwill and average core deposit intangibles assets from average stockholders’ equity. Tangible common equity to tangible assets is calculated by dividing common stockholders’ equity less goodwill and core deposit intangibles by total assets less goodwill and core deposit intangibles. These ratios are non-GAAP measures that we believe provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance and position.

63

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Net income
$
42,681

 
$
47,530

 
$
85,439

 
$
98,762

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average stockholders’ equity
$
1,960,500

 
$
1,922,290

 
$
1,940,606

 
$
1,926,766

Less: Average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets, net
(477,736
)
 
(480,127
)
 
(478,021
)
 
(480,433
)
Average tangible equity
$
1,482,764

 
$
1,442,163

 
$
1,462,585

 
$
1,446,333

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (annualized) to average tangible equity
11.51
%
 
13.18
%
 
11.68
%
 
13.66
%
 
At June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Total stockholders’ equity
$
1,995,172

 
$
1,905,676

Less: Goodwill and core deposit intangible assets, net
(477,397
)
 
(479,742
)
Tangible common equity
$
1,517,775

 
$
1,425,934

 
 
 
 
Common shares outstanding
126,673,822

 
131,167,705

 
 
 
 
Tangible book value per common share(9)
$
11.98

 
$
10.87

__________________________________
(9) Tangible book value per common share is calculated by subtracting goodwill and core deposit intangible assets from total stockholders’ equity and dividing the difference by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. This is a non-GAAP measure that we believe provides investors with information that is useful in understanding our financial performance and position.

 
At June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 capital
$
1,611,497

 
$
1,568,105

Less: Qualifying trust preferred securities less unamortized acquisition discount
(98,576
)
 
(97,485
)
Common equity tier 1 capital
$
1,512,921

 
$
1,470,620

 
 
 
 
Total risk-weighted assets less disallowed allowance for loan losses
$
12,715,685

 
$
12,527,148

 
 
 
 
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio(10)
11.90
%
 
11.74
%
__________________________________
(10) The common equity tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital less non-common elements, including perpetual preferred stock and related surplus, minority interest in subsidiaries, qualifying trust preferred securities and mandatory convertible preferred securities by total risk-weighted assets less the disallowed allowance for loan losses.

64


Results of Operations
Overview
Total assets increased $32.9 million from $15.31 billion at December 31, 2018 to $15.34 billion at June 30, 2019. The increase in total assets was due to the increase in cash and cash equivalents and the addition of right of use operating lease assets with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 offset by a decline in net loans receivable, loans held for sale, and investment securities during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Net income for the second quarter of 2019 was $42.7 million, or $0.34 per diluted common share, compared to $47.5 million, or $0.36 per diluted common share, for the same period of 2018, which was a decrease of $4.8 million, or 10.2%. The decrease in net income was due to a reduction in net interest income and a decline in noninterest income as a result of a decline in net gains on sale of SBA loans. Net interest income before provision for loan losses decreased by $5.6 million in the second quarter of 2019 to $117.2 million compared to $122.8 million in the second quarter of 2018. The decision not to sell SBA loans in 2019 resulted in a decline in net gains on sale of SBA loans of $3.5 million from the second quarter of 2018 to the second quarter of 2019 and accounted for approximately a two cent decline in net income per diluted common share for the second quarter of 2019.
Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $85.4 million, or $0.67 per diluted common share, compared to $98.8 million, or $0.73 per diluted common share, for the same period of 2018, which represents a decrease of $13.3 million, or 13.5%. The decrease in net income was due to a decrease in noninterest income as a result of the decline in net gains on the sale of SBA loans and a decrease in net interest income. Net gains on sale of SBA loans declined by $6.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period of the prior year. Net interest income before provision for loan losses decreased by $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $236.8 million compared to $242.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
The following table summarizes the accretion and amortization adjustments resulting from prior acquisitions that are included in net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Accretion of discounts on purchased performing loans
$
1,799

 
$
3,189

 
$
3,965

 
$
6,386

Accretion of discounts on purchased credit impaired loans
6,848

 
5,959

 
12,682

 
11,731

Amortization of premiums on purchased investments in affordable housing partnerships
(76
)
 
(85
)
 
(152
)
 
(169
)
Amortization of premiums on assumed FHLB advances
—

 
352

 
1,280

 
699

Accretion of discounts on assumed subordinated debt
(275
)
 
(269
)
 
(548
)
 
(533
)
Amortization of premiums on assumed time deposits and savings
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Amortization of core deposit intangibles
(557
)
 
(615
)
 
(1,114
)
 
(1,231
)
Total
$
7,739

 
$
8,531

 
$
16,113

 
$
16,884

The annualized return on average assets was 1.12% for the second quarter of 2019 compared to 1.30% for the same period of 2018. The annualized return on average stockholders’ equity was 8.71% for the second quarter of 2019 compared to 9.89% for the same period of 2018. The efficiency ratio was 55.11% for the second quarter of 2019 compared to 51.87% for the same period of 2018.
The annualized return on average assets was 1.12% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 1.37% for the same period of 2018. The annualized return on average stockholders’ equity was 8.81% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 10.25% for the same period of 2018. The efficiency ratio was 54.58% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 50.39% for the same period of 2018.


65

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net Interest Income
A principal component of our earnings is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest and fees earned on loans and investments and the interest paid on deposits, borrowed funds, and convertible notes. Net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest earning assets is referred to as the net interest margin. The net interest spread is the yield on average interest earning assets less the cost of average interest bearing liabilities. Net interest income is affected by changes in the balances of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and changes in the yields earned on interest earning assets and the rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.
Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 with the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Net interest income before provision for loan losses was $117.2 million for the second quarter of 2019 compared to $122.8 million for the same period of 2018, a decrease of $5.6 million, or 4.6%. The decrease in net interest income was due largely to an increase in deposit interest expense for the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 offset partly by an increase in loan interest income.
Interest income for the second quarter of 2019 was $173.5 million, an increase of $13.6 million, or 8.5%, compared to $159.9 million for the same period of 2018. The increase in interest income was primarily attributable to an increase in loans as a result of loan originations as well as an increase in loan rates for variable rate loans.
Interest expense for the second quarter of 2019 was $56.2 million, an increase of $19.2 million, or 51.6%, compared to $37.1 million for the same period of 2018. The increase in interest expense was due to the rise in deposit costs as result of interest rate increases and competition, an increase in deposit balances, and the full quarter impact of interest expense on convertible notes.
Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 with the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Net interest income before provision for loan losses was $236.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $242.9 million for the same period of 2018, a decrease of $6.1 million, or 2.5%. The decrease in net interest income was primarily attributable to the increase in deposit and convertible notes interest expense offset partly by an increase in loan interest income.
Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $346.6 million, an increase of $36.3 million, or 11.7%, compared to $310.3 million for the same period of 2018. The increase in interest income was primarily attributable to the increase in loans as well as an increase in loan rates for variable rate loans.
Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $109.8 million, an increase of $42.3 million, or 62.8%, compared to $67.4 million for the same period of 2018. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to the rise in interest rates which results in an increase in deposits costs, competition for deposits, and the full quarter impact of interest expense on convertible notes. During the first quarter of 2019, we paid off $100.0 million in FHLB advances that were previously acquired from Wilshire Bancorp. As a result of the payoff, $1.0 million in remaining premiums were amortized and recorded as a reduction to interest expense.

Net Interest Margin
Our net interest margin is impacted by the weighted average rates we earn on interest earning assets and pay on interest bearing liabilities and the effect of acquisition accounting adjustments. The net interest margin for the second quarter of 2019 was 3.31%, a decrease of 30 basis points from 3.61% for the same period of 2018. Net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 3.35%, a decrease of 29 basis points from 3.64% for the same period of 2018.
The weighted average yield on loans increased to 5.32% for the second quarter of 2019 from 5.16% for the second quarter of 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, weighted average yield on loans increased to 5.31% compared to 5.10% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in loan yields for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 was mostly due to the increase in interest rates experienced in 2018 but also due to origination of loans with higher interest rates. The Federal Open Market Committee raised interest rates by 25 basis points in each quarter of 2018. The increase in interest rates led to an increase in the rates on our variable rate loans and for new loan originations, which resulted in an increase in loan yields. At June 30, 2019, variable interest rate loans made up 38% of the loan portfolio and the remaining 62% of the loan portfolio consisted of loans with fixed interest rates including hybrid loans that had fixed interest rates at the end of the period but will eventually change to variable interest rates after a certain period. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the average weighted rate on new loan originations was 5.49%, compared to 4.72% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Discount accretion income on acquired loans was $8.6 million and $16.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $9.1 million and $18.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

66

The weighted average yield on securities available for sale for the second quarter of 2019 was 2.64% compared to 2.52% for the same period of 2018. The weighted average yield on securities available for sale for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 2.69% compared to 2.49% for the same period of 2018. The increase in weighted average yield on securities available for sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018 was due to the purchase of investment securities with higher yields during the twelve months ended June 30, 2019.
The weighted average yield on FHLB stock and other investments for the second quarter of 2019 was 2.59% compared to 2.02% for the same period of 2018. The weighted average yield on FHLB stock and other investments for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 2.63% compared to 1.94% for the same period of 2018. The increase in weighted average yield on FHLB stock and other investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018 was due to the increase in interest rates experienced in 2018. The rise in interest rates led to an increase in interest earned on interest bearing cash balances at the Federal Reserve and with other banks which resulted in an increase in yield on FHLB stock and other investments.
The weighted average cost of deposits for the second quarter of 2019 was 1.62%, an increase of 56 basis points from 1.06% for the same period of 2018. The weighted average cost of deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 1.60%, an increase of 61 basis points from 0.99% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in interest rates in 2018, increased competition for deposits in the markets we serve, and the change in deposit mix to a higher percentage of time deposits resulted in an increase in the weighted average cost of deposits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018.
The weighted average cost of FHLB advances for the second quarter of 2019 was 1.92%, an increase of 17 basis points from 1.75% for the same period of 2018. The weighted average cost of FHLB advances for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 1.60%, a decrease of 12 basis points from 1.72% for the same period of 2018. The increase in cost of FHLB advances for the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of the prior year was due to an overall increase in FHLB advance rates. FHLB advances that matured were renewed at higher rates which led to an increase in average costs. The decrease in weighted average cost of FHLB advances for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 was due to the accelerated amortization of $1.0 million in premiums for FHLB advances that were paid off during the first quarter of 2019. The amortization of the remaining premiums had the effect of reducing interest expense on FHLB advances, which lowered the overall cost of FHLB advances for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.
During the second quarter of 2018 we issued $217.5 million in convertible notes. The carrying balance of our convertible notes are net of discount to be amortized and issuance costs to be capitalized. The weighted average cost of our convertible notes was 4.66% and 4.69% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to 4.60% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. The cost of our convertible notes consists of the 2.00% coupon rate, the non-cash conversion option rate, and the issuance cost capitalization rate. After the fifth year, the cost of the convertible notes will decline as the non-cash conversion discount will be fully amortized and the issuance costs will be fully capitalized leaving the coupon rate as the only remaining cost.
The weighted average cost of other borrowings (subordinated debentures) for the second quarter of 2019 was 6.93%, an increase of 42 basis points from 6.51% for the same period of 2018. The weighted average cost of other borrowings for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 7.06%, an increase of 87 basis points from 6.19% for the same period of 2018. Subordinated debenture rates are based on the three month LIBOR rate, which experienced a large increase in 2018. Although the 3 month LIBOR rate has recently come down, the elevated rates compared to the first half of 2018 resulted in an increase in cost for our subordinated debentures for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018.

67

The following table presents our consolidated average balance sheet information, together with interest rates earned and paid on the various sources and uses of funds for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Yield/
Rate*
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Yield/
Rate*
 
(Dollars in thousands)
INTEREST EARNINGS ASSETS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans(1) (2)
$
11,959,920

 
$
158,627

 
5.32
%
 
$
11,364,229

 
$
146,188

 
5.16
%
Securities available for sale(3)
1,804,677

 
11,866

 
2.64
%
 
1,732,908

 
10,899

 
2.52
%
FHLB stock and other investments
460,623

 
2,973

 
2.59
%
 
561,230

 
2,823

 
2.02
%
Total interest earning assets
14,225,220

 
173,466

 
4.89
%
 
13,658,367

 
159,910

 
4.70
%
Total noninterest earning assets
960,275

 
 
 
 
 
938,596

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
15,185,495

 
 
 
 
 
$
14,596,963

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand, interest bearing
$
3,094,179

 
$
14,019

 
1.82
%
 
$
3,342,685

 
$
10,438

 
1.25
%
Savings
225,978

 
608

 
1.08
%
 
228,381

 
442

 
0.78
%
Time deposits
5,784,980

 
34,199

 
2.37
%
 
4,919,465

 
19,730

 
1.61
%
Total interest bearing deposits
9,105,137

 
48,826

 
2.15
%
 
8,490,531

 
30,610

 
1.45
%
FHLB advances
706,044

 
3,384

 
1.92
%
 
846,014

 
3,681

 
1.75
%
Convertible notes, net
196,244

 
2,310

 
4.66
%
 
102,979

 
1,198

 
4.60
%
Other borrowings, net
98,406

 
1,725

 
6.93
%
 
97,315

 
1,602

 
6.51
%
Total interest bearing liabilities
10,105,831

 
56,245

 
2.23
%
 
9,536,839

 
37,091

 
1.56
%
Noninterest bearing liabilities and equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest bearing demand deposits
2,947,476

 
 
 
 
 
3,053,338

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
171,688

 
 
 
 
 
84,496

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
1,960,500

 
 
 
 
 
1,922,290

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
15,185,495

 
 
 
 
 
$
14,596,963

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income/net interest spread
 
 
$
117,221

 
2.66
%
 
 
 
$
122,819

 
3.14
%
Net interest margin
 
 
 
 
3.31
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.61
%
Cost of deposits
 
 
 
 
1.62
%
 
 
 
 
 
1.06
%
__________________________________
*
Annualized
(1) 
Interest income on loans includes loan fees.
(2) 
Average balances of loans consist of loans receivable and loans held for sale.
(3) 
Interest income and yields are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.


68

 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Yield/
Rate*
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Yield/
Rate*
 
(Dollars in thousands)
INTEREST EARNINGS ASSETS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans(1) (2)
$
12,023,690

 
$
316,763

 
5.31
%
 
$
11,230,788

 
$
284,131

 
5.10
%
Securities available for sale(3)
1,816,081

 
24,185

 
2.69
%
 
1,703,180

 
21,000

 
2.49
%
FHLB stock and other investments
433,293

 
5,648

 
2.63
%
 
539,522

 
5,189

 
1.94
%
Total interest earning assets
14,273,064

 
346,596

 
4.90
%
 
13,473,490

 
310,320

 
4.64
%
Total noninterest earning assets
964,563

 
 
 
 
 
933,174

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
15,237,627

 
 
 
 
 
$
14,406,664

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand, interest bearing
$
3,068,494

 
$
27,005

 
1.77
%
 
$
3,372,556

 
$
19,302

 
1.15
%
Savings
224,761

 
1,173

 
1.05
%
 
232,277

 
865

 
0.75
%
Time deposits
5,860,492

 
67,495

 
2.32
%
 
4,723,726

 
35,292

 
1.51
%
Total interest bearing deposits
9,153,747

 
95,673

 
2.11
%
 
8,328,559

 
55,459

 
1.34
%
FHLB advances
758,161

 
5,998

 
1.60
%
 
909,689

 
7,750

 
1.72
%
Convertible notes, net
195,610

 
4,609

 
4.69
%
 
51,774

 
1,198

 
4.60
%
Other borrowings, net
98,267

 
3,487

 
7.06
%
 
97,183

 
3,026

 
6.19
%
Total interest bearing liabilities
10,205,785

 
109,767

 
2.17
%
 
9,387,205

 
67,433

 
1.45
%
Noninterest bearing liabilities and equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest bearing demand deposits
2,917,279

 
 
 
 
 
2,997,766

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
173,957

 
 
 
 
 
94,927

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
1,940,606

 
 
 
 
 
1,926,766

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
15,237,627

 
 
 
 
 
$
14,406,664

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income/net interest spread
 
 
$
236,829

 
2.73
%
 
 
 
$
242,887

 
3.19
%
Net interest margin
 
 
 
 
3.35
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.64
%
Cost of deposits
 
 
 
 
1.60
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.99
%
__________________________________
*
Annualized
(1) 
Interest income on loans includes loan fees.
(2) 
Average balances of loans consist of loans receivable and loans held for sale.
(3) 
Interest income and yields are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

69


Changes in net interest income are a function of changes in interest rates and volumes of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. The following table sets forth information regarding the changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. The total change for each category of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities is segmented into the change attributable to variations in volume (changes in volume multiplied by the old rate) and the change attributable to variations in interest rates (changes in rates multiplied by the old volume). Nonaccrual loans are included in average loans used to compute this table.
 
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019 over June 30, 2018
 
Net
Increase
(Decrease)
 
Change due to:
 
Rate
 
Volume
 
(Dollars in thousands)
INTEREST INCOME:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, including fees
$
12,439

 
$
4,627

 
$
7,812

Securities available for sale
967

 
506

 
461

FHLB stock and other investments
150

 
712

 
(562
)
Total interest income
$
13,556

 
$
5,845

 
$
7,711

INTEREST EXPENSE:
 
 
 
 
 
Demand, interest bearing
$
3,581

 
$
4,407

 
$
(826
)
Savings
166

 
171

 
(5
)
Time deposits
14,469

 
10,552

 
3,917

FHLB advances
(297
)
 
350

 
(647
)
Convertible notes, net
1,112

 
14

 
1,098

Other borrowings, net
123

 
105

 
18

Total interest expense
$
19,154

 
$
15,599

 
$
3,555

NET INTEREST INCOME
$
(5,598
)
 
$
(9,754
)
 
$
4,156

 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019 over June 30, 2018
 
Net
Increase
(Decrease)
 
Change due to:
 
Rate
 
Volume
 
(Dollars in thousands)
INTEREST INCOME:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, including fees
$
32,632

 
$
12,049

 
$
20,583

Securities available for sale
3,185

 
1,742

 
1,443

FHLB stock and other investments
459

 
1,610

 
(1,151
)
Total interest income
$
36,276

 
$
15,401

 
$
20,875

INTEREST EXPENSE:
 
 
 
 
 
Demand, interest bearing
$
7,703

 
$
9,578

 
$
(1,875
)
Savings
308

 
337

 
(29
)
Time deposits
32,203

 
22,295

 
9,908

FHLB advances
(1,752
)
 
(526
)
 
(1,226
)
Convertible notes, net
3,411

 
22

 
3,389

Other borrowings, net
461

 
427

 
34

Total interest expense
$
42,334

 
$
32,133

 
$
10,201

NET INTEREST INCOME
$
(6,058
)
 
$
(16,732
)
 
$
10,674




70

Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses reflects our judgment of the current period cost associated with credit risk inherent in our loan portfolio. The loan loss provision for each period is dependent upon many factors, including loan growth, net charge offs, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, delinquencies, assessments by management, third parties’ and regulators’ examination of the loan portfolio, the value of the underlying collateral on problem loans and the general economic conditions in our market areas. Specifically, the provision for loan losses represents the amount charged against current period earnings to achieve an allowance for loan losses that, in our judgment, is adequate to absorb probable incurred losses inherent in our loan portfolio. Periodic fluctuations in the provision for loan losses result from management’s assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses; however, actual loan losses may vary in material respects from current estimates. If the allowance for loan losses is inadequate, we may be required to record additional loan loss provision, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The provision for loan losses for the second quarter of 2019 was $1.2 million, a decrease of $1.1 million from $2.3 million for the same period last year. The provision for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $4.2 million, a decrease of $600 thousand from $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in provision for loan losses for periods in 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 was due to the continued low level of charge offs which has led to a reduction in loss rates on non-impaired loans reducing the required provision for loan losses for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018.
See the “Financial Condition” section of this MD&A for additional information and further discussion.

71

Noninterest Income
Noninterest income is primarily comprised of service fees on deposit accounts, international service fees (fees received on trade finance letters of credit), loan servicing fees, wire transfer fees, net gains on sales of loans, net gains on sales of securities available for sale, and other income which includes earnings on bank owned life insurance, swap fee income, changes in the fair value of our equity investments with readily determinable fair value, and other miscellaneous income. Noninterest income for the second quarter of 2019 was $12.3 million compared to $15.3 million for the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $3.0 million, or 19.5%. Noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $23.7 million compared to $35.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, a decrease of $11.4 million, or 32.5%.
Noninterest income by category is summarized in the table below:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2019

2018
 
Amount
 
Percent (%)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Service fees on deposit accounts
$
4,416

 
$
4,613

 
$
(197
)
 
(4.3
)%
International service fees
1,020

 
1,212

 
(192
)
 
(15.8
)%
Loan servicing fees, net
738

 
1,010

 
(272
)
 
(26.9
)%
Wire transfer fees
1,311

 
1,250

 
61

 
4.9
 %
Net gains on sales of SBA loans
—

 
3,480

 
(3,480
)
 
(100.0
)%
Net gains on sales of other loans
1,066

 
431

 
635

 
147.3
 %
Net gains on sales of securities available for sale
129

 
—

 
129

 
100.0
 %
Other income and fees
3,607

 
3,273

 
334

 
10.2
 %
Total noninterest income
$
12,287

 
$
15,269

 
$
(2,982
)
 
(19.5
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Amount
 
Percent (%)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Service fees on deposit accounts
$
8,733

 
$
9,414

 
$
(681
)
 
(7.2
)%
International service fees
1,953

 
2,232

 
(279
)
 
(12.5
)%
Loan servicing fees, net
1,467

 
2,589

 
(1,122
)
 
(43.3
)%
Wire transfer fees
2,400

 
2,457

 
(57
)
 
(2.3
)%
Net gains on sales of SBA loans
—

 
6,930

 
(6,930
)
 
(100.0
)%
Net gains on sales of other loans
1,807

 
1,627

 
180

 
11.1
 %
Net gains on sales of securities available for sale
129

 
—

 
129

 
100.0
 %
Other income and fees
7,220

 
9,870

 
(2,650
)
 
(26.8
)%
Total noninterest income
$
23,709

 
$
35,119

 
$
(11,410
)
 
(32.5
)%

The decrease in noninterest income for the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 was due mostly to a decrease in net gains on sales of SBA loans. The decrease in noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 was due mainly to decreases in net gain on sales of SBA loans, loan servicing fees, and other income and fees.
The decrease in service fees on deposit accounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018 was due to a decline in business analysis fees. During 2018, we discontinued our relationships with deposit customers with increased risk profiles such as check cashing businesses and money service businesses which has resulted in a decline in the number of these demand deposit accounts and the associated business analysis fees earned from these accounts. The result has been a decline in analysis fee charges which has led to a decrease in service fees on deposit accounts.
International service fees declined for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018 due to a decline in fees generated from trade finance loans. International service fees are earned mostly from trade finance loans and as the average overall balance of these loans have declined, our associated fee income has also declined.

72

Loan servicing fees, net represents income earned from servicing SBA and residential mortgage loans that we previously sold. We retain servicing on most of the loans that we choose to sell. The decrease in loan servicing fees, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to the shift to not selling SBA loans combined with the increase in payoffs for loans that we service. Payoffs of serviced loans results in the full amortization of the remaining servicing asset, which is recorded as a reduction to loan servicing fee income.
The reduction in net gains on sales of SBA loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was due to the reduction in SBA loans sold in the secondary market. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we made the decision to discontinue the practice of regularly selling the guaranteed portion of SBA loans on the secondary market, and to retain these loans on our balance sheet due to the decline in premiums offered in the secondary market. As a result, we did not sell any SBA loans during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and did not record any gains on sales of SBA loans. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we sold $52.5 million and $101.1 million, respectively, in SBA loans.
Net gains on sales of other loans represents net gains from the sale of residential mortgage loans. Residential mortgage loans sold during the second quarter of 2019 totaled $76.2 million compared to $12.4 million sold during the second quarter of 2018. Residential mortgage loans sold during the six months ended June 30, 2019 totaled $146.0 million compared to $58.3 million sold during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in net gains on sales of other loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was due to the increase in residential mortgage loan sales in 2019.
During the second quarter of 2019, we sold $69.2 million in investments securities for a realized gain of $129 thousand. The sold investment securities consisted of $39.5 million in municipal securities and $29.7 million in mortgage-backed securities. There were no investments sold during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
Other income and fees for the second quarter of 2019 increased by $334 thousand compared to the second quarter of 2018 due to a net increase in various other income and fees. Other income and fees for the six months ended June 30, 2019 declined by $2.7 million to $7.2 million compared to $9.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 due mostly to a decline in gain on equity investments. During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01, which requires changes in the fair value of certain equity investments to be recorded in earnings. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, we recorded $3.5 million in other income and fees for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to account for the change in fair value of our mutual funds and equity stock owned. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the net fair value change of equity investments recorded in other income and fees totaled $1.2 million.

73

Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense for the second quarter of 2019 was $71.4 million, a decrease of $258 thousand, or 0.4%, from $71.6 million for the same period of 2018. Noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $142.2 million, an increase of $2.1 million, or 1.5%, from $140.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
The breakdown of changes in noninterest expense by category is shown in the following table:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Amount
 
Percent (%)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits
$
39,297

 
$
40,575

 
$
(1,278
)
 
(3.1
)%
Occupancy
7,839

 
7,418

 
421

 
5.7
 %
Furniture and equipment
4,026

 
4,023

 
3

 
0.1
 %
Advertising and marketing
2,245

 
2,737

 
(492
)
 
(18.0
)%
Data processing and communications
2,587

 
3,574

 
(987
)
 
(27.6
)%
Professional fees
5,959

 
4,474

 
1,485

 
33.2
 %
Investments in affordable housing partnership expenses
2,388

 
2,613

 
(225
)
 
(8.6
)%
FDIC assessments
1,559

 
1,611

 
(52
)
 
(3.2
)%
Credit related expenses
1,549

 
926

 
623

 
67.3
 %
OREO expense, net
83

 
45

 
38

 
84.4
 %
Other
3,839

 
3,633

 
206

 
5.7
 %
Total noninterest expense
$
71,371

 
$
71,629

 
$
(258
)
 
(0.4
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Amount
 
Percent (%)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits
$
79,726

 
$
79,960

 
$
(234
)
 
(0.3
)%
Occupancy
15,516

 
14,657

 
859

 
5.9
 %
Furniture and equipment
7,472

 
7,744

 
(272
)
 
(3.5
)%
Advertising and marketing
4,307

 
5,036

 
(729
)
 
(14.5
)%
Data processing and communications
5,543

 
7,069

 
(1,526
)
 
(21.6
)%
Professional fees
11,339

 
7,580

 
3,759

 
49.6
 %
Investments in affordable housing partnership expenses
5,268

 
5,243

 
25

 
0.5
 %
FDIC assessments
3,110

 
3,378

 
(268
)
 
(7.9
)%
Credit related expenses
2,227

 
1,698

 
529

 
31.2
 %
OREO expense, net
(69
)
 
(59
)
 
(10
)
 
16.9
 %
Other
7,765

 
7,776

 
(11
)
 
(0.1
)%
Total noninterest expense
$
142,204

 
$
140,082

 
$
2,122

 
1.5
 %
The decrease in noninterest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 was mainly due to a decline in salaries and employee benefits offset by an increase in professional fees. The increase in noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 was mainly due to the increase in professional fees offset by a decline in data processing and communications expenses.
Salaries and employee benefits expense decreased $1.3 million for the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 and decreased $234 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period of in 2018. The decrease in salaries and benefits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was due to a decline in bonus provision expenses and commissions paid to employees offset by an increase in employee salaries. The decrease in bonus provision expenses for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018 was due to the restructuring of our incentive plan. The number of full-time equivalent employees decreased from 1,491 at June 30, 2018 to 1,446 at June 30, 2019.

74

Occupancy expense increased $421 thousand for the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 and increased $859 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in occupancy expenses for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018 was due mostly to an increase in lease expenses from two loan production offices that were opened in 2019. The new loan production offices were opened in Texas and New Jersey.
Advertising and marketing expense experienced a decrease of $492 thousand for the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 and decreased $729 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. Advertising budgets were reduced in 2019 to help reduce overhead costs which resulted in a decline in advertising and marketing expenses for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018.
Data processing and communications fees decreased $987 thousand and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Data processing and communication fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 included credits received for current year data processing fees from our core processing vendor as part of our negotiated contract renewal which begins in 2020. The credits resulted in an overall decline in data processing and communications fees for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018.
Professional fees experienced an increase of $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 and increased $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in professional fees for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018 was due to increases in audit service fees, in third parties consulting fees for assistance with the upcoming implementation of the new accounting standard for current expected credit losses, and various other consulting fees.
Credit related expense increased $623 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 and increased $529 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in credit related expenses for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018 was due to the increase in expenses related to the collection of past due loans and an increase in cost for insurance placed on loan collateral.
Other noninterest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 remained largely unchanged compared to the same periods of the prior year.
Provision for Income Taxes
Income tax provision expense was $14.3 million and $16.6 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The effective income tax rates were 25.04% and 25.92% for the quarters ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Income tax provision expense was $28.7 million and $34.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The effective income tax rates for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were 25.14% and 25.81%, respectively. The decline in the effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 was due to additional estimated tax credits for investments in affordable housing partnerships for periods in 2019 compared to periods in 2018.

75

Financial Condition
At June 30, 2019, our total assets were $15.34 billion, an increase of $32.9 million, or 0.2%, from $15.31 billion at December 31, 2018. The increase in assets was due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents and the recording of right of use operating lease assets on the balance sheet offset partially by a decline in securities available for sale and loans receivable.
Equity Investments
Total equity investments include equity investments with readily determinable fair values and equity investment without readily determinable fair values. Equity investments at June 30, 2019 totaled $48.8 million, a decline of $1.0 million, or 2.2%, from $49.8 million at December 31, 2018.
At June 30, 2019, total equity investments with readily determinable fair values totaled $22.1 million consisting of mutual funds. Equity investments with readily determinable fair values at December 31, 2018 totaled $23.4 million consisting of mutual funds of $21.5 million and $1.9 million in equity stock. During the second quarter of 2019, we sold all of our investment in equity stock for $2.6 million. Changes to the fair value of equity investments with readily determinable fair values is recorded in other noninterest income.
We also had $26.7 million and $26.4 million in equity investments without readily determinable fair values as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. At June 30, 2019, equity investments without readily determinable fair values included $25.3 million in Community Reinvestment Act investments, $1.0 million in Community Development Financial Institutions investments, and $370 thousand in correspondent bank stock. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, less impairment, and adjustments are made to the carrying balance based on observable price changes. There were no impairments or observable price changes for equity investments without readily determinable fair values during the three or six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
Investment Securities Portfolio
At June 30, 2019, we had $1.83 billion in available for sale securities compared to $1.85 billion at December 31, 2018. The net unrealized gain on the available for sale securities at June 30, 2019 was $9.6 million compared to a net unrealized loss on securities of $47.4 million at December 31, 2018. The change in unrealized gain (losses) from December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019 was due to a decline in treasury rates.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, $111.0 million in investment securities were purchased, $114.9 million in mortgage backed securities were paid down, $69.2 million in investment securities were sold with a related realized net gain of $129 thousand, and there were no matured or called securities.
Investments in Affordable Housing Partnerships
At June 30, 2019, we had $86.7 million in investments in affordable housing partnerships compared to $92.0 million at December 31, 2018. The decrease in investments in affordable housing partnerships was due to recorded losses and premium amortizations recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Commitments to fund investments in affordable housing partnerships totaled $34.2 million at June 30, 2019 compared to $46.5 million at December 31, 2018. The decline in commitments to fund investments in affordable housing partnerships during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was due to cash contributions which reduced the remaining commitments.

76

Loan Portfolio
At June 30, 2019, loans receivable totaled $11.98 billion, a decrease of $121.0 million from $12.10 billion at December 31, 2018. The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by amount and percentage of total loans outstanding in each major loan category as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Amount
 
Percent (%)
 
Amount
 
Percent (%)
Loan portfolio composition
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
51,167

 
—
%
 
$
51,197

 
—
%
Commercial
8,301,315

 
70
%
 
8,395,327

 
69
%
Construction
278,370

 
2
%
 
275,076

 
2
%
Total real estate loans
8,630,852

 
72
%
 
8,721,600

 
71
%
Commercial business
2,265,287

 
19
%
 
2,127,630

 
18
%
Trade finance
166,781

 
1
%
 
197,190

 
2
%
Consumer and other
913,087

 
8
%
 
1,051,486

 
9
%
Total loans outstanding
11,976,007

 
100
%
 
12,097,906

 
100
%
Deferred loan fees, net
1,127

 
 
 
209

 
 
Loans receivable
11,977,134

 
 
 
12,098,115

 
 
Allowance for loan losses
(94,066
)
 
 
 
(92,557
)
 
 
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses
$
11,883,068

 
 
 
$
12,005,558

 
 
All of our loan types experienced declines except for construction and commercial business loans from December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019 due to loan payoffs and sales offset by loan originations during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decline in treasury rates resulted in a rise in loan payoffs during the second quarter of 2019 which resulted in a decline in loan balances.
We normally do not extend lines of credit or make loan commitments to business customers for periods in excess of one year. We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for providing loan facilities to our customers. We perform annual reviews of such commitments prior to renewal.
The following table shows our loan commitments and letters of credit outstanding at the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit
$
1,655,373

 
$
1,712,032

Standby letters of credit
85,052

 
69,763

Other commercial letters of credit
61,792

 
65,822

 
$
1,802,217

 
$
1,847,617



77

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets, which consist of nonaccrual loans, loans 90 days or more past due and on accrual status, accruing restructured loans, and OREO totaled $111.7 million at June 30, 2019 compared to $113.0 million at December 31, 2018. The ratio of nonperforming assets to loans receivable and OREO was 0.93% at both June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
The following table summarizes the composition of our nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated.
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans (1)
$
64,934

 
$
53,286

Loans 90 days or more days past due, still accruing
353

 
1,529

Accruing restructured loans
40,731

 
50,410

Total nonperforming loans
106,018

 
105,225

OREO
5,644

 
7,754

Total nonperforming assets
$
111,662

 
$
112,979

 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans (1):
 
 
 
Legacy Portfolio
$
50,249

 
$
42,248

Acquired Portfolio
14,685

 
11,038

Total nonaccrual loans
$
64,934

 
$
53,286

 
 
 
 
Nonperforming loans:
 
 
 
Legacy Portfolio
$
78,083

 
$
75,859

Acquired Portfolio
27,935

 
29,366

Total nonperforming loans
$
106,018

 
$
105,225

 
 
 
 
Nonperforming loans to loans receivable
0.89
%
 
0.87
%
Nonperforming assets to loans receivable and OREO
0.93
%
 
0.93
%
Nonperforming assets to total assets
0.73
%
 
0.74
%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans
88.73
%
 
87.96
%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming assets
84.24
%
 
81.92
%
__________________________________
(1) 
Nonaccrual loans exclude PCI loans and the guaranteed portion of delinquent SBA loans that are in liquidation totaling $32.1 million and $29.2 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


78

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) was $94.1 million at June 30, 2019 compared to $92.6 million at December 31, 2018. The ALLL was 0.79% of loans receivable at June 30, 2019 and 0.77% of loans receivable at December 31, 2018. The ALLL to loans receivable ratio does not include discount on acquired loans. Total discount on acquired loans at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 totaled $56.8 million and $65.6 million, respectively. Impaired loan reserves increased to $5.9 million at June 30, 2019 from $4.8 million at December 31, 2018.
The following table reflects our allocation of the ALLL by loan type and the ratio of each loan segment to total loans as of the dates indicated:
 
Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
Loans
Receivable*
 
Percent of
Allowance to
Loans Receivable
 
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
Loans
Receivable*
 
Percent of
Allowance to
Loans Receivable
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Loan Type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – residential
$
88

 
$
51,167

 
0.17
%
 
$
112

 
$
51,197

 
0.22
%
Real estate – commercial
52,752

 
8,301,315

 
0.64
%
 
55,890

 
8,395,327

 
0.67
%
Real estate – construction
1,244

 
278,370

 
0.45
%
 
765

 
275,076

 
0.28
%
Commercial business
31,355

 
2,265,287

 
1.38
%
 
27,765

 
2,127,630

 
1.30
%
Trade finance
1,009

 
166,781

 
0.60
%
 
719

 
197,190

 
0.36
%
Consumer and other
7,618

 
913,087

 
0.83
%
 
7,306

 
1,051,486

 
0.69
%
Total
$
94,066

 
$
11,976,007

 
0.79
%
 
$
92,557

 
$
12,097,906

 
0.77
%
__________________________________
* 
Held-for-sale loans of $6.4 million and $25.1 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were excluded.

For a better understanding of the changes in the ALLL, the loan portfolio has been segmented for disclosure purposes between loans which are accounted for under the amortized cost method (Legacy Loans) and loans acquired from acquisitions (Acquired Loans). Acquired Loans have been further segregated between Purchase Credit Impaired Loans (loans with credit deterioration at the time they were acquired and accounted for under ASC 310-30, or “PCI loans”) and performing loans (loans that were pass graded at the time they were acquired, or “non-PCI loans”).

79

The activity in the ALLL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was as follows:
 
 
 
 
Acquired Loans(2)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Legacy Loans (1)
 
PCI Loans
 
Non-PCI Loans
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
80,954

 
$
10,316

 
$
2,947

 
$
94,217

Provision (credit) for loan losses
 
1,703

 
(1,233
)
 
730

 
1,200

Loans charged off
 
(1,447
)
 
—

 
(629
)
 
(2,076
)
Recoveries of loan charge offs
 
386

 
—

 
339

 
725

PCI allowance adjustment
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Balance, end of period
 
$
81,596

 
$
9,083

 
$
3,387

 
$
94,066

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans outstanding
 
$
10,355,503

 
$
127,508

 
$
1,492,996

 
$
11,976,007

Allowance to total loans receivable ratio
 
0.79
%
 
7.12
%
 
0.23
%
 
0.79
%
Net loan charge offs to beginning allowance
 
1.31
%
 
—
%
 
9.84
%
 
1.43
%
Net loan charge offs to provision for loan losses
 
62.30
%
 
—
%
 
39.73
%
 
112.58
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired Loans (2)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Legacy Loans (1)
 
PCI Loans
 
Non-PCI Loans
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
78,260

 
$
12,163

 
$
2,134

 
$
92,557

Provision (credit) for loan losses
 
4,583

 
(2,202
)
 
1,819

 
4,200

Loans charged off
 
(2,851
)
 
—

 
(979
)
 
(3,830
)
Recoveries of loan charge offs
 
1,604

 
—

 
413

 
2,017

PCI allowance adjustment
 
—

 
(878
)
 
—

 
(878
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
81,596

 
$
9,083

 
$
3,387

 
$
94,066

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans outstanding
 
$
10,355,503


$
127,508


$
1,492,996


$
11,976,007

Allowance to total loans receivable ratio
 
0.79
%

7.12
%

0.23
%

0.79
%
Net loan charge offs to beginning allowance
 
1.59
%
 
—
%
 
26.52
%
 
1.96
%
Net loan charge offs to provision for loan losses
 
27.21
%
 
—
%
 
31.12
%
 
43.17
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________
(1) 
Legacy Loans includes Acquired Loans that have been renewed or refinanced subsequent to the acquisition date.
(2) 
Acquired Loans were marked to fair value at acquisition and provisions for loan losses reflect credit deterioration subsequent to the acquisition date.



80

The activity in the ALLL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 is as follows:
 
 
 
 
Acquired Loans(2)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Legacy Loans (1)
 
PCI Loans
 
Non-PCI Loans
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
72,065

 
$
11,815

 
$
2,581

 
$
86,461

Provision (credit) for loan losses
 
2,553

 
(449
)
 
196

 
2,300

Loans charged off
 
(819
)
 
—

 
(444
)
 
(1,263
)
Recoveries of loan charge offs
 
2,249

 
—

 
134

 
2,383

Balance, end of period
 
$
76,048

 
$
11,366

 
$
2,467

 
$
89,881

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans outstanding
 
$
9,333,290

 
$
182,772

 
$
2,156,722

 
$
11,672,784

Allowance to total loans receivable ratio
 
0.81
 %
 
6.22
 %
 
0.11
 %
 
0.77
 %
Net loan charge offs (recoveries) to beginning allowance
 
(1.98
)%
 
—
 %
 
12.01
 %
 
(1.30
)%
Net loan charge offs (recoveries) to provision for loan losses
 
(56.01
)%
 
—
 %
 
158.16
 %
 
(48.70
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired Loans (2)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Legacy Loans (1)
 
PCI Loans
 
Non-PCI Loans
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
67,647

 
$
12,040

 
$
4,854

 
$
84,541

Provision (credit) for loan losses
 
7,279

 
(637
)
 
(1,842
)
 
4,800

Loans charged off
 
(1,571
)
 
(37
)
 
(723
)
 
(2,331
)
Recoveries of loan charge offs
 
2,693

 
—

 
178

 
2,871

Balance, end of period
 
$
76,048

 
$
11,366

 
$
2,467

 
$
89,881

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans outstanding
 
$
9,333,290

 
$
182,772

 
$
2,156,722

 
$
11,672,784

Allowance to total loans receivable ratio
 
0.81
 %
 
6.22
 %
 
0.11
 %
 
0.77
 %
Net loan charge offs (recoveries) to beginning allowance
 
(1.66
)%
 
(0.31
)%
 
11.23
 %
 
(0.64
)%
Net loan charge offs (recoveries) to provision for loan losses
 
(15.41
)%
 
5.81
 %
 
(29.59
)%
 
(11.25
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________
(1) 
Legacy Loans includes Acquired Loans that have been renewed or refinanced subsequent to the acquisition date.
(2) 
Acquired Loans were marked to fair value at the acquisition date and provisions for loan losses reflect credit deterioration subsequent to the acquisition date.


81

The following table shows the provisions for loan losses, the amount of loans charged off, and the recoveries on loans previously charged off, together with the balance of the ALLL at the beginning and end of each period, the balance of average loans and loans receivable outstanding, and certain other ratios as of the dates and for the periods indicated:
 
 
At or for the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
At or for the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
LOANS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans, including loans held for sale
 
$
11,959,920

 
$
11,364,229

 
$
12,023,690

 
$
11,230,788

Loans receivable
 
$
11,977,134

 
$
11,671,440

 
$
11,977,134

 
$
11,671,440

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALLOWANCE:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
94,217

 
$
86,461

 
$
92,557

 
$
84,541

Less loan charge offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – commercial
 
(182
)
 
(236
)
 
(242
)
 
(401
)
Commercial business
 
(1,551
)
 
(798
)
 
(2,959
)
 
(1,354
)
Trade finance
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer and other
 
(343
)
 
(229
)
 
(629
)
 
(576
)
Total loan charge offs
 
(2,076
)
 
(1,263
)
 
(3,830
)
 
(2,331
)
Plus loan recoveries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate – commercial
 
570

 
627

 
1,697

 
829

Commercial business
 
152

 
1,734

 
310

 
1,987

Trade Finance
 
—

 
12

 
—

 
24

Consumer and other
 
3

 
10

 
10

 
31

Total loans recoveries
 
725

 
2,383

 
2,017

 
2,871

Net loan (charge offs) recoveries
 
(1,351
)
 
1,120

 
(1,813
)
 
540

Provision for loan losses
 
1,200

 
2,300

 
4,200

 
4,800

PCI allowance adjustment
 
—

 
—

 
(878
)
 
—

Balance, end of period
 
$
94,066

 
$
89,881

 
$
94,066

 
$
89,881

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loan charge offs to average loans, including loans held for sale*
 
0.05
%
 
(0.04
)%
 
0.03
%
 
(0.01
)%
Allowance for loan losses to loans receivable at end of period
 
0.79
%
 
0.77
 %
 
0.79
%
 
0.77
 %
Net loan charge offs to allowance for loan losses*
 
5.74
%
 
(4.98
)%
 
3.85
%
 
(1.20
)%
Net loan charge offs to provision for loan losses
 
112.58
%
 
(48.70
)%
 
43.17
%
 
(11.25
)%
__________________________________
*
Annualized
We believe the ALLL as of June 30, 2019 was adequate to absorb probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. However, no assurance can be given that actual losses will not exceed the estimated amounts. If actual losses exceed the estimated amounts, it could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.


82

Deposits, Other Borrowings, and Convertible Notes
Deposits
Deposits are our primary source of funds used in our lending and investment activities. At June 30, 2019, deposits increased $16.7 million, or 0.1%, to $12.17 billion from $12.16 billion at December 31, 2018. The increase in deposits was primarily due to an increase in money market and NOW account balances offset by a decline in time deposit balances.
At June 30, 2019, 24.7% of total deposits were noninterest bearing demand deposits, 46.7% were time deposits, and 28.6% were interest bearing demand and savings deposits. At December 31, 2018, 24.9% of total deposits were noninterest bearing demand deposits, 48.3% were time deposits, and 26.8% were interest bearing demand and savings deposits.
At June 30, 2019, we had $1.48 billion in brokered deposits and $300.0 million in California State Treasurer deposits compared to $1.57 billion in brokered deposits and $300.0 million in California State Treasurer deposits at December 31, 2018. The California State Treasurer time deposits at June 30, 2019, had original maturities ranging from three to six months, had a weighted average interest rate of 2.45%, and were collateralized with securities with a fair value of $333.7 million. Time deposits of more than $250 thousand at June 30, 2019 totaled $1.81 billion compared to $1.77 billion at December 31, 2018.
The following is a schedule of certificates of deposit maturities as of June 30, 2019:
 
Balance
 
Percent (%)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Three months or less
$
1,842,331

 
31
%
Over three months through six months
1,294,675

 
23
%
Over six months through nine months
1,190,321

 
21
%
Over nine months through twelve months
1,022,370

 
19
%
Over twelve months
330,663

 
6
%
Total time deposits
$
5,680,360

 
100
%

FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings
We utilize FHLB advances as a secondary source of funds in addition to deposits which we consider our primary source of funding. FHLB advances are typically secured by pledged loans and/or securities with a market value at least equal to the outstanding advances plus our investment in FHLB stock.
At June 30, 2019, FHLB advances totaled $695.0 million and had an average weighted remaining maturity of 1.5 years compared to $821.3 million with an average weighted remaining maturity of 1.8 years at December 31, 2018. Total FHLB advances at June 30, 2019 did not include any premiums recorded from prior acquisitions compared to $1.3 million in FHLB advance premiums at December 31, 2018.
We did not have federal funds purchased at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Trust Preferred Securities accrue and pay distributions periodically at specified annual rates as provided in the related indentures for the securities. The trusts used the net proceeds from their respective offerings to purchase a like amount of subordinated debentures (the “Debentures”) issued by us. The Debentures are the sole assets of the trusts. Our obligations under the Debentures and related documents, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by us of the obligations of the trusts. Subordinated debentures totaled $102.5 million at June 30, 2019 and $101.9 million at December 31, 2018. The Trust Preferred Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity of the Debentures, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indentures. We have the right to redeem the Debentures in whole (but not in part) on or after specific dates, at a redemption price specified in the indentures plus any accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date.

83

Convertible Notes
During the second quarter of 2018, we issued $217.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.00% convertible senior notes maturing on May 15, 2038 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. The convertible notes were issued as part of our plan to repurchase common stock. The convertible notes pay interest on a semi-annual basis to holders of the notes. The convertible notes can be called by us, in whole or in part, at any time after five years for the original issued amount in cash. Holders of the notes can put the notes for cash on the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth year of the notes. The net carrying balance of convertible notes at June 30, 2019 was $197.0 million, net of $20.5 million in discounts, which represents the conversion option discount and capitalized issuance costs. At December 31, 2018, the net carrying balance of convertible notes was $194.5 million, net of $23.0 million in discounts and issuance costs. (See footnote 11 “Subordinated Debentures and Convertible Notes” for additional information regarding convertible notes issued)
Off-Balance-Sheet Activities and Contractual Obligations
We routinely engage in activities that involve, to varying degrees, elements of risk that are not reflected, in whole or in part, in the consolidated financial statements. These activities are part of our normal course of business and include traditional off-balance-sheet credit-related financial instruments, interest rate swap contracts, and long-term debt.
Traditional off-balance-sheet credit-related financial instruments are primarily commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These activities could require us to make cash payments to third parties if certain specified future events occur. The contractual amounts represent the extent of our exposure in these off-balance-sheet activities. These activities are necessary to meet the financing needs of our customers.
We enter into interest rate swap contracts under which we are required to either receive cash from or pay cash to counterparties depending on changes in interest rates. We utilize interest rate swap contracts, interest rate floors, and interest rate caps to help manage the risk of changing interest rates. We also sell interest rate swaps to certain adjustable rate commercial loan customers to fix the interest rate on their floating rate loans. When the fixed rate swap is originated with the customer, an identical offsetting swap is also entered into by us with a correspondent bank.
We enter into various stand-alone mortgage-banking derivatives in order to hedge the risk associated with the fluctuation of interest rates. The first type of derivative, an interest rate lock commitment, is a commitment to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding. To mitigate interest rate risk on these rate lock commitments we also enter into forward commitments, or commitments to deliver residential mortgage loans on a future date, also considered derivatives. Net change in the fair value of derivatives represents income recorded from changes in fair value for these mortgage derivatives instruments.
We do not anticipate that our current off-balance-sheet activities will have a material impact on our future results of operations or our financial condition. Further information regarding our financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk can be found in Item 3 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”
Stockholders’ Equity and Regulatory Capital
Historically, our primary source of capital has been the retention of earnings, net of interest payments on Debentures and convertible notes and dividend payments to stockholders. We seek to maintain capital at a level sufficient to assure our stockholders, customers, and regulators that we and the Bank are financially sound. For this purpose, we perform ongoing assessments of capital related risks, components of capital, as well as projected sources and uses of capital in conjunction with projected increases in assets and levels of risks.
Total stockholders’ equity was $2.00 billion at June 30, 2019 compared to $1.90 billion at December 31, 2018.
The federal banking agencies require a minimum ratio of qualifying total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%, a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 6.0%, and a minimum ratio of Tier 1 common equity capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5%, to generally be considered “adequately capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action regulations. In addition to the risk-based guidelines, federal banking agencies require banking organizations to maintain a minimum amount of Tier 1 capital to average total assets, referred to as the leverage ratio, of 4.0% to generally be considered “adequately capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action regulations. Federal banking agencies also require a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% in addition to the ratios required to generally be considered “adequately capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action regulations. Failure to maintain this capital conservation buffer results in limits or prohibitions on capital distributions and discretionary compensation payments. Capital requirements apply to us and the Bank separately. In addition to these uniform risk-based capital guidelines and leverage ratios that apply across the industry, the regulators have the discretion to set individual minimum capital requirements for specific institutions at rates significantly above the minimum guidelines and ratios.

84

At June 30, 2019, our common equity Tier 1 capital was $1.51 billion compared to $1.46 billion at December 31, 2018. Our Tier 1 capital, defined as stockholders’ equity less intangible assets and including our trust preferred securities, was $1.61 billion at June 30, 2019 and $1.56 billion at December 31, 2018. At June 30, 2019, the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 11.90%. The total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio was 13.42% and the Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio was 12.67%. The Tier 1 leverage capital ratio at June 30, 2019 was 10.94%.
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the most recent regulatory notification generally categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the general regulatory framework for Prompt Corrective Action. To be generally categorized as “well-capitalized” the Bank must maintain minimum common equity Tier 1 capital, total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage capital ratios as set forth in the table below:
 
As of June 30, 2019
 
Actual
 
To Be Well-Capitalized
 
Excess
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Hope Bancorp, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,512,921

 
11.90
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Total risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,706,299

 
13.42
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,611,497

 
12.67
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 capital to total assets
(to average assets)
$
1,611,497

 
10.94
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank of Hope
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,784,216

 
14.03
%
 
$
826,421

 
6.50
%
 
$
957,795

 
7.53
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,879,018

 
14.78
%
 
$
1,271,417

 
10.00
%
 
$
607,601

 
4.78
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,784,216

 
14.03
%
 
$
1,017,134

 
8.00
%
 
$
767,082

 
6.03
%
Tier 1 capital to total assets
(to average assets)
$
1,784,216

 
12.11
%
 
$
736,532

 
5.00
%
 
$
1,047,684

 
7.11
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Actual
 
To Be Well-Capitalized
 
Excess
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Hope Bancorp, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,458,344

 
11.44
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Total risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,649,664

 
12.94
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,556,371

 
12.21
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 capital to total assets
(to average assets)
$
1,568,144

 
10.55
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank of Hope
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,737,092

 
13.63
%
 
$
828,677

 
6.50
%
 
$
908,415

 
7.13
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,830,385

 
14.36
%
 
$
1,274,887

 
10.00
%
 
$
555,498

 
4.36
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(to risk-weighted assets)
$
1,737,092

 
13.63
%
 
$
1,019,910

 
8.00
%
 
$
717,182

 
5.63
%
Tier 1 capital to total assets
(to average assets)
$
1,737,092

 
11.76
%
 
$
738,299

 
5.00
%
 
$
998,793

 
6.76
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 

85

Liquidity Management
Liquidity risk is the risk of reduction in our earnings or capital that would result if we were not able to meet our obligations when they come due without incurring unacceptable losses. Liquidity risk includes the risk of unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources and changes in market conditions that affect our ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimum loss of value. Factors considered in liquidity risk management are the stability of the deposit base; the marketability, maturity, and pledging of our investments; the availability of alternative sources of funds; and our demand for credit. The objective of our liquidity management is to have funds available to meet cash flow requirements arising from fluctuations in deposit levels and the demands of daily operations, which include funding of securities purchases, providing for customers’ credit needs, and ongoing repayment of borrowings.
Our primary sources of liquidity are derived from financing activities, which include customer and broker deposits, federal funds facilities, and borrowings from the FHLB and the FRB Discount Window. These funding sources are augmented by payments of principal and interest on loans and securities, proceeds from sale of loans, and the liquidation or sale of securities from our available for sale portfolio. Primary uses of funds include withdrawal of and interest payments on deposits, originations of loans, purchases of investment securities, and payment of operating expenses.
At June 30, 2019, our total borrowing capacity from the FHLB was $3.85 billion of which $3.13 billion was unused and available to borrow. At June 30, 2019, our total borrowing capacity from the FRB Discount Window was $736.3 million, all of which was unused and available to borrow. In addition to these lines, our liquid assets, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, interest bearing cash deposits and time deposits with other banks, liquid investment securities available for sale, and equity investments were $1.99 billion at June 30, 2019 compared to $1.83 billion at December 31, 2018. Cash and cash equivalents were $609.8 million at June 30, 2019 compared to $459.6 million at December 31, 2018. We believe our liquidity sources are sufficient to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term and intermediate-term needs.

86

Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The objective of our asset and liability management activities is to maximize our earnings while maintaining adequate liquidity and an exposure to interest rate risk deemed by management to be acceptable by adjusting the type and mix of assets and liabilities to seek to effectively address changing conditions and risks. Through overall management of our balance sheet and by seeking to manage various risks, we seek to optimize our financial returns within safe and sound parameters. Our operating strategies for attaining this objective include managing net interest margin through appropriate risk/return pricing of assets and liabilities and emphasizing growth in retail deposits, as a percentage of interest bearing liabilities, to reduce our cost of funds. We also seek to improve earnings by controlling noninterest expense and enhancing noninterest income. We also use various methods to protect against our exposure to interest rate fluctuations with the objective of reducing the effects fluctuations might have on associated cash flows or values. Finally, we perform internal analysis to measure, evaluate, and monitor risk.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk impacting us. Interest rate risk occurs when interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities do not reprice simultaneously and in equal volumes. A key objective of asset and liability management is to manage interest rate risk associated with changing asset and liability cash flows, values of our assets and liabilities, and market interest rate movements. The management of interest rate risk is governed by policies reviewed and approved annually by the Board of Directors. Our Board delegates responsibility for interest rate risk management to the Asset and Liability Board Committee (“ALCO”) and to the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALM”), which is composed of the Bank’s senior executives and other designated officers.
The fundamental objective of our ALM is to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations while maintaining adequate levels of liquidity and capital. Our ALM meets regularly to monitor interest rate risk, the sensitivity of our assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of our assets and liabilities, and our investment activities. It also directs changes in the composition of our assets and liabilities. Our strategy has been to reduce the sensitivity of our earnings to interest rate fluctuations by more closely matching the effective maturities or repricing characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Certain assets and liabilities, however, may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Furthermore, interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate prior to changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types of assets and liabilities may lag behind changes in market interest rates. We consider the anticipated effects of these factors when implementing our interest rate risk management objectives.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We monitor interest rate risk through the use of a simulation model that provides us with the ability to simulate our net interest income. In order to measure, at June 30, 2019, the sensitivity of our forecasted net interest income to changing interest rates, both rising and falling interest rate scenarios were projected and compared to base market interest rate forecasts. One application of our simulation model measures the impact of market interest rate changes on the net present value of estimated cash flows from our assets and liabilities, defined as our market value of equity. This analysis assesses the changes in market values of interest rate sensitive financial instruments that would occur in response to immediate and parallel changes in market interest rates.
The impacts on our net interest income and market value of equity exposed to immediate and parallel hypothetical changes in market interest rates as projected by the model we use for this purpose are illustrated in the following table:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Simulated Rate Changes
Estimated Net
Interest Income
Sensitivity
 
Market Value
Of Equity
Volatility
 
Estimated Net
Interest Income
Sensitivity
 
Market Value
Of Equity
Volatility
 
 
 
 + 200 basis points
4.45
 %
 
(2.78
)%
 
4.50
 %
 
(4.30
)%
 + 100 basis points
2.37
 %
 
(1.04
)%
 
2.18
 %
 
(2.12
)%
 - 100 basis points
(2.77
)%
 
0.08
 %
 
(3.24
)%
 
1.14
 %
 - 200 basis points
(7.00
)%
 
0.76
 %
 
(7.17
)%
 
0.92
 %


87

Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer determined that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2019.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

88

PART II
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
    
In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various legal claims. Management has reviewed all legal claims against the Company with counsel and has taken into consideration the views of such counsel as to the potential outcome of the claims in determining our accrued loss contingency. Accrued loss contingencies for all legal claims totaled approximately $170 thousand at June 30, 2019. It is reasonably possible the Company may incur losses in addition to the amounts currently accrued. However, at this time, the Company is unable to estimate the range of additional losses that are reasonably possible because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages and involve claims for which, at this point, management believes have little to no merit. Management has considered these and other possible loss contingencies and does not expect the amounts to be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Management is not aware of any material changes to the risk factors discussed in Part 1, Item 1A, of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part 1, Item 1A, of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price. The risks described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to management, or that management presently believes not to be material, may also result in material and adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.


Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.

Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.

Item 5.
Other Information

None.

Item 6.
Exhibits
See “Index to Exhibits.”


89

INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
 
 
10.1
 
Hope Bancorp, Inc. 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, Annex A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2019)
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
 
 
 
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
 
 
 
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document*
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
__________________________________
*
Filed herewith


90

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
HOPE BANCORP, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
August 6, 2019
/s/ Kevin S. Kim
 
 
 
Kevin S. Kim
 
 
 
Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
August 6, 2019
/s/ Alex Ko
 
 
 
Alex Ko
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 

91

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