Companies: 10,652     total market cap: $142.039 T
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Iron Mountain
IRM
#863
Rank
$28.69 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$97.08
Share price
1.36%
Change (1 day)
-7.05%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿ’ผ Professional services
Categories
Iron Mountain Inc. is an American enterprise information management services company that provides records management, information destruction, and data backup and recovery services.
  1. Iron Mountain
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2020 Q3

Iron Mountain - 10-Q quarterly report FY2020 Q3


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2020
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from                        to                       
Commission file number 1-13045
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware23-2588479
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
One Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)

(617) 535-4766
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par valueIRMNYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☒ Accelerated filer☐ Non-accelerated filer☐ Smaller reporting company☐Emerging growth company☐
If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐    No ☒
As of October 30, 2020, the registrant had 288,171,345 outstanding shares of common stock, $.01 par value.

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Index
 Page
 
3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019
3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
8
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
9
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
10
33
57
 
58
58
59
2
Part I.    Financial Information
Item 1.    Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands, except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
ASSETS 
Current Assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents$151,972 $193,555 
Accounts receivable (less allowances of $53,788 and $42,856 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) (see Note 2.d.)
791,859 850,701 
Prepaid expenses and other190,194 192,083 
Total Current Assets1,134,025 1,236,339 
Property, Plant and Equipment: 
Property, plant and equipment8,100,871 8,048,906 
Less—Accumulated depreciation(3,641,804)(3,425,869)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net4,459,067 4,623,037 
Other Assets, Net: 
Goodwill4,461,529 4,485,209 
Customer relationships, customer inducements and data center lease-based intangibles1,317,399 1,393,183 
Operating lease right-of-use assets (see Note 2.e.)1,963,019 1,869,101 
Other347,621 209,947 
Total Other Assets, Net8,089,568 7,957,440 
Total Assets$13,682,660 $13,816,816 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 
Current Liabilities: 
Current portion of long-term debt$392,586 $389,013 
Accounts payable302,618 324,708 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (includes current portion of operating lease liabilities; see Note 2.e.)951,269 961,752 
Deferred revenue244,430 274,036 
Total Current Liabilities1,890,903 1,949,509 
Long-term Debt, net of current portion8,618,856 8,275,566 
Long-term Operating Lease Liabilities, net of current portion (see Note 2.e.)1,818,844 1,728,686 
Other Long-term Liabilities158,507 143,018 
Deferred Income Taxes194,638 188,128 
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 7)
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests63,666 67,682 
Equity:  
Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity:  
Preferred stock (par value $0.01; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued and outstanding)
— — 
Common stock (par value $0.01; authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 288,162,966 and 287,299,645 shares as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
2,882 2,873 
Additional paid-in capital4,335,799 4,298,566 
(Distributions in excess of earnings) Earnings in excess of distributions(3,018,144)(2,574,896)
Accumulated other comprehensive items, net(383,178)(262,581)
Total Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity937,359 1,463,962 
Noncontrolling Interests(113)265 
Total Equity937,246 1,464,227 
Total Liabilities and Equity$13,682,660 $13,816,816 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 20202019
Revenues:  
Storage rental$696,294 $673,318 
Service340,353 388,906 
Total Revenues1,036,647 1,062,224 
Operating Expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)434,505 449,372 
Selling, general and administrative232,095 237,151 
Depreciation and amortization157,252 157,561 
Significant Acquisition Costs (see Note 2.o.)— 3,950 
Restructuring Charges (see Note 10)48,371 — 
(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (see Note 2.l.)(75,840)(9,284)
Total Operating Expenses796,383 838,750 
Operating Income (Loss)240,264 223,474 
Interest Expense, Net (includes interest income of $2,476 and $1,558 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively)
104,303 106,677 
Other Expense (Income), Net83,465 (13,415)
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes52,496 130,212 
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes13,934 21,928 
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations38,562 108,284 
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax— — 
Net Income (Loss)38,562 108,284 
Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests168 609 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$38,394 $107,675 
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Basic:  
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$0.13 $0.37 
Total Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax$— $— 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$0.13 $0.37 
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Diluted:  
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$0.13 $0.37 
Total Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax$— $— 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$0.13 $0.37 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Basic288,403 287,152 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Diluted288,811 287,691 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20202019
Revenues:  
Storage rental$2,056,797 $2,005,580 
Service1,030,820 1,177,414 
Total Revenues3,087,617 3,182,994 
Operating Expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)1,308,119 1,373,827 
Selling, general and administrative712,775 758,018 
Depreciation and amortization483,686 484,375 
Significant Acquisition Costs (see Note 2.o.)— 8,597 
Restructuring Charges (see Note 10)128,715 — 
Intangible impairments (see Note 2.b.)23,000 — 
(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (see Note 2.l.)(78,170)(17,087)
Total Operating Expenses2,578,125 2,607,730 
Operating Income (Loss)509,492 575,264 
Interest Expense, Net (includes interest income of $6,491 and $4,804 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively)
313,408 314,427 
Other Expense (Income), Net66,439 (13,397)
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes129,645 274,234 
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes33,304 43,127 
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations96,341 231,107 
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax— 104 
Net Income (Loss)96,341 231,211 
Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests1,058 1,534 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$95,283 $229,677 
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Basic:
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$0.33 $0.80 
Total Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax$— $— 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$0.33 $0.80 
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Diluted:
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$0.33 $0.80 
Total Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax$— $— 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$0.33 $0.80 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Basic288,105 286,869 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Diluted288,471 287,555 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 20202019
Net Income (Loss)$38,562 $108,284 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):  
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment44,883 (83,595)
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments(184)(1,496)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)44,699 (85,091)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)83,261 23,193 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests522 (100)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$82,739 $23,293 
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20202019
Net Income (Loss)$96,341 $231,211 
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:  
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment(109,742)(71,195)
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments(11,507)(9,101)
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income(121,249)(80,296)
Comprehensive (Loss) Income(24,908)150,915 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests406 1,777 
Comprehensive (Loss) Income Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$(25,314)$149,138 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In Thousands, except Share Data)
(Unaudited)
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2020
 Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		(Distributions in Excess of Earnings) Earnings in Excess of DistributionsNoncontrolling
Interests
 TotalSharesAmountsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Items, Net		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, June 30, 2020$1,024,331 288,142,703 $2,881 $4,325,803 $(2,876,861)$(427,523)$31 $63,512 
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan and option plans and stock-based compensation9,997 20,263 1 9,996 — — — — 
Parent cash dividends declared (see Note 8)(179,677)— — — (179,677)— — — 
Foreign currency translation adjustment44,529 — — — — 44,529 — 354 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments(184)— — — — (184)— — 
Net income (loss)38,250 — — — 38,394 — (144)312 
Noncontrolling interests dividends— — — — — — — (512)
Balance, September 30, 2020$937,246 288,162,966 $2,882 $4,335,799 $(3,018,144)$(383,178)$(113)$63,666 
Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2020
 Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		(Distributions in Excess of Earnings) Earnings in Excess of DistributionsNoncontrolling
Interests
 TotalSharesAmountsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Items, Net		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2019$1,464,227 287,299,645 $2,873 $4,298,566 $(2,574,896)$(262,581)$265 $67,682 
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan and option plans and stock-based compensation34,639 863,321 9 34,630 — — — — 
Change in equity related to redeemable noncontrolling interests2,603 — — 2,603 — — — (2,603)
Parent cash dividends declared
(see Note 8) 		(538,531)— — — (538,531)— — — 
Foreign currency translation adjustment(109,090)— — — — (109,090)— (652)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments(11,507)— — — — (11,507)— — 
Net income (loss)94,905 — — — 95,283 — (378)1,436 
Noncontrolling interests dividends— — — — — — — (2,197)
Balance, September 30, 2020$937,246 288,162,966 $2,882 $4,335,799 $(3,018,144)$(383,178)$(113)$63,666 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In Thousands, except Share Data)
(Unaudited)
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2019
 Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		(Distributions in Excess of Earnings) Earnings in Excess of DistributionsNoncontrolling
Interests
 TotalSharesAmountsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Items, Net		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, June 30, 2019$1,658,981 287,061,769 $2,870 $4,281,584 $(2,364,812)$(261,821)$1,160 $73,113 
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan and option plans and stock-based compensation6,381 73,425 1 6,380 — — — — 
Change in equity related to redeemable noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — (4,590)
Parent cash dividends declared (see Note 8)(176,665)— — — (176,665)— — — 
Foreign currency translation adjustment(82,886)— — — — (82,886)— (709)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments(1,496)— — — — (1,496)— — 
Net income (loss)107,534 — — — 107,675 — (141)750 
Noncontrolling interests dividends— — — — — — — (465)
Balance, September 30, 2019$1,511,849 287,135,194 $2,871 $4,287,964 $(2,433,802)$(346,203)$1,019 $68,099 
Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2019
Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		(Distributions in Excess of Earnings) Earnings in Excess of DistributionsNoncontrolling
Interests
TotalSharesAmountsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Items, Net		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2018$1,862,463 286,321,009 $2,863 $4,263,348 $(2,139,493)$(265,664)$1,409 $70,532 
Cumulative-effect adjustment for adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended ("ASU 2016-02")5,781 — — — 5,781 — — — 
Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan and option plans and stock-based compensation26,078 814,185 8 26,070 — — — — 
Change in equity related to redeemable noncontrolling interests(1,454)— — (1,454)— — — (3,136)
Parent cash dividends declared (see Note 8)(529,767)— — — (529,767)— — — 
Foreign currency translation adjustment(71,438)— — — — (71,438)— 243 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments(9,101)— — — — (9,101)— — 
Net income (loss)229,287 — — — 229,677 — (390)1,924 
Noncontrolling interests dividends— — — — — — — (1,464)
Balance, September 30, 2019$1,511,849 287,135,194 $2,871 $4,287,964 $(2,433,802)$(346,203)$1,019 $68,099 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: 
Net income (loss)$96,341 $231,211 
Loss (income) from discontinued operations— (104)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities:  
Depreciation334,780 336,485 
Amortization (includes amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts of $13,150 and $12,286 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively)
162,057 160,176 
Intangible impairments (see Note 2.b.)23,000 — 
Revenue reduction associated with amortization of customer inducements and above- and below-market leases 7,612 10,417 
Stock-based compensation expense35,618 28,140 
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes(3,074)2,643 
Loss on early extinguishment of debt68,300 — 
(Gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (78,170)(17,087)
Foreign currency transactions and other, net4,043 (25,283)
(Increase) decrease in assets(10,219)(24,121)
(Decrease) increase in liabilities(13,070)(54,332)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities - Continuing Operations627,218 648,145 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities - Discontinued Operations— — 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities627,218 648,145 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:  
Capital expenditures (309,162)(533,614)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired(118,581)(56,499)
Acquisition of customer relationships(3,529)(42,990)
Customer inducements (8,269)(7,429)
Contract fulfillment costs and third-party commissions(30,705)(63,090)
Investments in joint ventures(6,850)(19,222)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other, net116,965 82,148 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities - Continuing Operations(360,131)(640,696)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities - Discontinued Operations— 5,061 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities (360,131)(635,635)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:  
Repayment of revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt(7,354,790)(12,690,691)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt7,090,842 12,256,276 
Early redemption of senior notes, including call premiums(2,942,554)— 
Net proceeds from sales of senior notes3,465,000 987,500 
Debt repayment and equity distribution to noncontrolling interests (2,197)(1,464)
Parent cash dividends(537,853)(528,908)
Net (payments) proceeds associated with employee stock-based awards (979)(2,059)
Payment of debt financing costs and other(24,643)(769)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities - Continuing Operations(307,174)19,885 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities - Discontinued Operations— — 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities(307,174)19,885 
Effect of Exchange Rates on Cash and Cash Equivalents(1,496)(11,102)
(Decrease) increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents(41,583)21,293 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period193,555 165,485 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash, End of Period$151,972 $186,778 
Supplemental Information:  
Cash Paid for Interest$357,897 $342,139 
Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net$27,430 $54,446 
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:  
Financing Leases (see Note 2.e.)$34,889 $20,699 
Accrued Capital Expenditures$58,175 $78,329 
Fair Value of Investments Applied to Acquisitions (see Note 4)$27,276 $— 
Accrued Purchase Price and Other Holdbacks$— $4,135 
Dividends Payable$186,699 $182,859 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
1.    General

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Iron Mountain Incorporated, a Delaware corporation ("IMI"), and its subsidiaries ("we" or "us"), have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, but we believe that the disclosures included herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented herein and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, which are included herein, should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 13, 2020 (our "Annual Report").

We have been organized and have operated as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income tax purposes ("REIT") beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2014.

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared a novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") a pandemic. This resulted in U.S. federal, state and local and foreign governments and private entities mandating various restrictions, including travel restrictions, restrictions on public gatherings and stay-at-home orders and advisories. In response, we temporarily closed certain of our offices and facilities across the world and implemented certain travel restrictions for our employees. The preventative and protective actions that governments have ordered, or we have implemented as an organization, have resulted in a period of reduced service operations and business disruption for us, our customers and other third parties with which we do business. Currently, certain of the restrictions have been lifted; however, other restrictions still remain and the broader impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, including impacts to estimates used throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), remain uncertain and difficult to predict as information continues to rapidly evolve, and the severity and duration of the pandemic remains unknown, as is our visibility of its effect on the markets we serve and our customers within those markets.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a.    Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash invested in highly liquid short-term securities, which have remaining maturities at the date of purchase of less than 90 days. Restricted cash was less than $5,000 at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
10
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
b.    Goodwill

Our reporting units as of December 31, 2019 are described in detail in Note 2.h. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report. The goodwill associated with acquisitions completed during the first nine months of 2020 (described in Note 4) has been incorporated into our reporting units as they existed as of December 31, 2019.

During the first quarter of 2020, we concluded that we had a triggering event related to our Fine Arts reporting unit, requiring us to perform an interim goodwill impairment test. The primary factor contributing to our conclusion was the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to this particular business and its customers and revenue sources, which caused us to believe it was more likely than not that the carrying value of our Fine Arts reporting unit exceeded its fair value. During the first quarter of 2020, we performed an interim goodwill impairment test for our Fine Arts reporting unit utilizing a discounted cash flow model, with updated assumptions on future revenues, operating expenditures and capital expenditures. We concluded that the fair value of our Fine Arts reporting unit was less than its carrying value, and, therefore, we recorded a $23,000 impairment charge on the goodwill associated with this reporting unit during the first quarter of 2020. Factors that may impact these assumptions include, but are not limited to: (i) our ability to maintain, or grow, storage rental and service revenues in line with current expectations and (ii) our ability to manage our fixed and variable costs in line with potential future revenue declines.

During the second and third quarters of 2020, for each of our reporting units, no factors were identified that would alter our interim goodwill impairment analysis performed during the first quarter of 2020, or change the conclusions reached at that time. Any material adverse changes to our businesses that negatively impact their fair values could result in future goodwill impairments.

The changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are as follows:
Global RIM BusinessGlobal Data Center BusinessCorporate and Other BusinessTotal
Consolidated
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2019$3,942,901 $424,568 $117,740 $4,485,209 
Non-deductible goodwill acquired during the period51,319 — — 51,319 
Goodwill impairment— — (23,000)(23,000)
Fair value and other adjustments(4,131)— 403 (3,728)
Currency effects(54,428)6,026 131 (48,271)
Goodwill balance, net accumulated amortization as of
September 30, 2020		$3,935,661 $430,594 $95,274 $4,461,529 
Accumulated goodwill impairment balance as of
September 30, 2020		$132,409 $— $26,011 $158,420 



11
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
c.    Revenues

Contract fulfillment costs consist of the costs of the initial intake of customer records into physical storage and capitalized commissions asset (collectively, "Contract Fulfillment Costs"), which as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, are as follows:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Contract Fulfillment Costs$123,795 $(57,538)$66,257 $109,232 $(50,757)$58,475 

Deferred revenue liabilities are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
DescriptionSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Deferred revenue - Current$244,430 $274,036 
Deferred revenue - Long-term35,187 36,029 

Data Center Lessor Considerations

Our Global Data Center Business features storage rental provided to customers at contractually specified rates over a fixed contractual period, which are accounted for in accordance with ASU 2016-02. Storage rental revenue, including revenue associated with power and connectivity, associated with our Global Data Center Business for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Storage rental revenue(1)$68,416 $62,001 $196,823 $182,301 
______________________________________________________________
(1)Revenue associated with power and connectivity included within storage rental revenue was $12,033 and $34,986 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $12,001 and $31,031 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

12
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
d.    Accounts Receivable

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses-Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 changes how entities will measure credit losses on most financial assets. The standard eliminates the probable initial recognition of estimated losses and provides a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivable, loans and other financial instruments.

On January 1, 2020 we adopted ASU 2016-13 on a modified retrospective basis for all financial assets measured at amortized cost. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not result in a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We now calculate and monitor our allowance considering future potential economic and macroeconomic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts for expected future collectability of our outstanding receivables, in addition to considering our past loss experience, current and prior trends in our aged receivables and credit memo activity. Our considerations when calculating our allowance include, but are not limited to, the following: the location of our businesses, the composition of our customer base, our product and service lines, potential future economic unrest, and potential future macroeconomic factors, including natural disasters and any impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Continued adjustments will be made should there be any material change to reasonable and supportable forecasts that may impact our likelihood of collection, as it becomes evident. Our highly diverse global customer base, with no single customer accounting for more than 1% of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, limits our exposure to concentration of credit risk.

The rollforward of allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2019$42,856 
Credit memos charged to revenue42,713 
Allowance for bad debts charged to expense25,715 
Deductions and other(1)(57,496)
Balance at September 30, 2020$53,788 
_______________________________________________________________
(1)Primarily consists of the issuance of credit memos, the write-off of accounts receivable and the impact associated with currency translation adjustments.

13
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
e.    Leases

We lease facilities for certain of our warehouses, data centers and office space. We also have land leases, including those on which certain of our facilities are located. Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:
DescriptionSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets$1,963,019 $1,869,101 
Financing lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated depreciation(1)306,640 327,215 
Liabilities:
Current
Operating lease liabilities$236,019 $223,249 
Financing lease liabilities(1)42,620 46,582 
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities1,818,844 1,728,686 
Financing lease liabilities(1)311,387 320,600 
_______________________________________________________________

(1)Financing lease right-of-use assets, current financing lease liabilities and long-term financing lease liabilities are included within Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Current portion of long-term debt and Long-term Debt, net of current portion, respectively, within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The components of the lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Description2020201920202019
Operating lease cost(1)$122,737 $114,727 $365,303 $343,282 
Financing lease cost:
Depreciation of financing lease right-of-use assets$12,973 $14,679 $38,495 $45,950 
Interest expense for financing lease liabilities4,891 4,905 14,664 15,972 
_______________________________________________________________
(1)    Operating lease cost, the majority of which is in Cost of sales, includes variable lease costs of $27,486 and $82,287 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $26,121 and $78,712 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Other information: Supplemental cash flow information relating to our leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:20202019
Operating cash flows used in operating leases$266,619 $252,277 
Operating cash flows used in financing leases (interest)14,664 15,972 
Financing cash flows used in financing leases36,008 44,808 
Operating Lease Non-cash items:
Operating lease modifications and reassessments$89,727 $42,418 
New operating leases (including acquisitions)173,635 117,193 
14
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
f.    Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense for the cost of stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance units ("PUs") and shares of stock issued under our employee stock purchase plan (collectively, "Employee Stock-Based Awards") for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Stock-based compensation expense$8,946 $7,120 $35,618 $28,140 

As of September 30, 2020, unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested portion of our Employee Stock-Based Awards was $49,492.

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Units

The fair value of RSUs and earned PUs that vested during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2020201920202019
Fair value of RSUs vested$2,766 $3,092 $24,411 $20,802 
Fair value of earned PUs that vested1,370 1,176 12,421 7,679 
As of September 30, 2020, we expected 100% achievement of each of the predefined revenue, return on invested capital and Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in Note 6) targets associated with the awards of PUs made in 2020, 2019 and 2018.

15
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
g.    Income (Loss) Per Share—Basic and Diluted

The calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2020201920202019
Income (loss) from continuing operations$38,562 $108,284 $96,341 $231,107 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests168 609 1,058 1,534 
Income (loss) from continuing operations (utilized in numerator of Earnings Per Share calculation)38,394 107,675 95,283 229,573 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax — — — 104 
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$38,394 $107,675 $95,283 $229,677 
Weighted-average shares—basic288,403,000 287,152,000 288,105,000 286,869,000 
Effect of dilutive potential stock options14,758 93,752 28,723 157,928 
Effect of dilutive potential RSUs and PUs392,943 445,081 337,588 528,387 
Weighted-average shares—diluted288,810,701 287,690,833 288,471,311 287,555,315 
Earnings (losses) per share—basic:    
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.13 $0.37 $0.33 $0.80 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax— — — — 
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$0.13 $0.37 $0.33 $0.80 
Earnings (losses) per share—diluted:  
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.13 $0.37 $0.33 $0.80 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax — — — — 
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$0.13 $0.37 $0.33 $0.80 
Antidilutive stock options, RSUs and PUs, excluded from the calculation5,529,126 4,782,661 5,959,693 4,590,645 
16
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
h.    Income Taxes

We provide for income taxes during interim periods based on our estimate of the effective tax rate for the year.

Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Effective Tax Rate(1)26.5 %16.8 %25.7 %15.7 %
_______________________________________________________________

(1)The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction and the impact of differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject, including foreign exchange gains and losses in different jurisdictions with different tax rates. In addition, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the costs associated with Project Summit (as defined in Note 10) are more heavily weighted to our United States qualified REIT subsidiaries, and, therefore, provide no tax benefit.

i.    Fair Value Measurements

The assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:
  Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2020 Using
DescriptionTotal Carrying
Value at
September 30, 2020		Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)		Significant other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
Money Market Funds$15,030 $— $15,030 $— 
Trading Securities11,452 11,095  357  — 
Derivative Assets4,346 — 4,346 — 
Derivative Liabilities25,609 — 25,609 — 
  Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using
DescriptionTotal Carrying
Value at
December 31, 2019		Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)		Significant other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
Money Market Funds$13,653 $— $13,653 $— 
Trading Securities10,732 10,168  564  — 
Derivative Liabilities9,756 — 9,756 — 

There were no material items that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, other than (i) those disclosed in Note 2.s. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, (ii) those acquired in acquisitions that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as described in Note 4 and (iii) the Fine Arts reporting unit, as described in Note 2.b., all of which are based on Level 3 inputs.



17
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
j.    Investments

During 2019, we formed a joint venture entity with MakeSpace Labs, Inc. (the "MakeSpace JV"). In the second quarter of 2020, we committed to participate in a round of equity funding for the MakeSpace JV whereby we agreed to contribute $36,000 of the $45,000 being raised in installments beginning in May 2020 through October 2021. Our equity interest in the MakeSpace JV at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 37% and 34%, respectively, and the carrying value of our investment in the MakeSpace JV at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $15,801 and $18,570, respectively.

k.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items, Net

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
 Foreign
Currency
Translation and Other
Adjustments		Change in Fair Value of Derivative InstrumentsTotalForeign
Currency
Translation and Other
Adjustments		Change in Fair Value of Derivative InstrumentsTotal
Beginning of Period$(406,444)$(21,079)$(427,523)$(252,825)$(9,756)$(262,581)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments44,529 — 44,529 (109,090)— (109,090)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (184)(184)— (11,507)(11,507)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)44,529 (184)44,345 (109,090)(11,507)(120,597)
End of Period$(361,915)$(21,263)$(383,178)$(361,915)$(21,263)$(383,178)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Foreign
Currency
Translation and Other
Adjustments		Change in Fair Value of Derivative InstrumentsTotalForeign
Currency
Translation and Other
Adjustments		Change in Fair Value of Derivative InstrumentsTotal
Beginning of Period$(253,243)$(8,578)$(261,821)$(264,691)$(973)$(265,664)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(82,886)— (82,886)(71,438)— (71,438)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments— (1,496)(1,496)— (9,101)(9,101)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income(82,886)(1,496)(84,382)(71,438)(9,101)(80,539)
End of Period$(336,129)$(10,074)$(346,203)$(336,129)$(10,074)$(346,203)

18
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
l.    Gain on Disposal/Write-Down of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Consolidated gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was approximately $75,800 and $78,200, respectively. These amounts primarily consisted of gains of approximately $76,400 associated with the sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities during the third quarter of 2020.

Consolidated gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $9,300 and $17,100, respectively. These amounts consisted of (i) a gain of approximately $36,000 associated with the sale of certain land and buildings during the second quarter of 2019 and (ii) a gain of approximately $9,800 associated with a sale-leaseback transaction of five facilities during the third quarter of 2019, and were partially offset by losses incurred during the second quarter of 2019 primarily associated with an impairment charge on the assets associated with the select offerings within our Iron Mountain Iron Cloud portfolio of approximately $24,800.

m.    Other Expense (Income), Net

Consolidated other expense (income), net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 consists of the following:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Description2020201920202019
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net$29,635 $(18,251)$(6,293)$(19,885)
Debt extinguishment expense51,260 — 68,300 — 
Other, net(1)2,570 4,836 4,432 6,488 
Other Expense (Income), Net$83,465 $(13,415)$66,439 $(13,397)
_______________________________________________________________
(1)    Other, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily comprised of losses on certain of our equity method investments, partially offset by a gain on our previously held 25% equity investment in OSG Records Management (Europe) Limited ("OSG"), as more fully discussed in Note 4.

n.    Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement of our financial assets and liabilities among the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. We adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020. ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 on a modified retrospective basis. See Note 2.d. for information regarding the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.

19
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
o.    Change in Presentation

We have historically classified our Significant Acquisition Costs (as defined in Note 2.x. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report) as components of Selling, general and administrative expenses and Cost of sales. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, we present Significant Acquisition Costs as its own line item within Operating Expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The prior periods have been conformed to this presentation.

The following table sets forth the effect of the change in presentation of Significant Acquisition Costs to certain line items of our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)$(1,945)$(4,136)
Selling, general and administrative$(2,005)$(4,461)
Significant Acquisition Costs$3,950 $8,597 

All Significant Acquisition Costs were incurred by December 31, 2019.

3.    Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative instruments we are party to include: (i) interest rate swap agreements (which are designated as cash flow hedges) and (ii) cross-currency swap agreements (which are designated as net investment hedges).

Interest Rate Swap Agreements Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $350,000 in notional value of interest rate swap agreements outstanding, which limit our exposure to changes in interest rates on a portion of our floating rate indebtedness. These interest rate swap agreements expire in March 2022. Under the interest rate swap agreements, we receive variable rate interest payments associated with the notional amount of each interest rate swap, based upon one-month LIBOR, in exchange for the payment of fixed interest rates as specified in the interest rate swap agreements.

We have forward-starting interest rate swap agreements to limit our exposure to changes in interest rates on a portion of our floating rate indebtedness once our current interest rate swap agreements expire in March 2022. The forward-starting interest rate swap agreements have $350,000 in notional value, commence in March 2022 and expire in March 2024. Under the forward-starting interest rate swap agreements, we will receive variable rate interest payments based upon one-month LIBOR, in exchange for the payment of fixed interest rates as specified in the interest rate swap agreements.

We have designated these interest rate swap agreements, including the forward-starting interest rate swap agreements, as cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains are recognized as assets, while unrealized losses are recognized as liabilities. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had a derivative liability of $23,219 and $8,774, respectively, which was recorded as a component of Other long-term liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have recorded the change in fair value of the interest rate swap agreements as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive items, net in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

20
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
3.    Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)
Unrealized (gains) losses associated with the interest rate swap agreements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Unrealized (gains) losses associated with interest rate swap agreements$(1,185)$3,468 $14,445 $11,073 

As of September 30, 2020, cumulative net losses of $23,219 are recorded within Accumulated other comprehensive items, net associated with these cash flow hedges.

Net Investment Hedges

a.    Cross-Currency Swap Agreements Designated as a Hedge of Net Investment

We enter into cross-currency swap agreements to hedge the variability of exchange rate impacts between the United States dollar and the Euro. The cross-currency swap agreements are designated as a hedge of net investment against certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries and require an exchange of the notional amounts at maturity. The cross-currency swaps are marked to market at each reporting period, representing the fair values of the cross-currency swap agreements, and any changes in fair value are recognized as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive items, net. Unrealized gains are recognized as assets while unrealized losses are recognized as liabilities.

In September 2020, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements whereby we notionally exchanged approximately $359,200 at an interest rate of 4.5% for approximately 300,000 Euros at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.4%. These cross-currency swap agreements expire in February 2026. At September 30, 2020, we had a derivative asset of $4,346, which was recorded as a component of Other within Other assets, net associated with these cross-currency swap agreements.

In August 2019, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements whereby we notionally exchanged approximately $110,000 at an interest rate of 6.0% for approximately 99,055 Euros at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.65%. These cross-currency swap agreements expire in August 2023. We had a derivative liability of $2,390 and $982 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which was recorded as a component of Other long-term liabilities associated with these cross-currency swap agreements.

Unrealized losses (gains) associated with the cross-currency swap agreements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Unrealized losses (gains) associated with cross-currency swap agreements$1,370 $(1,972)$(2,938)$(1,972)

As of September 30, 2020, cumulative net gains of $1,956 are recorded within Accumulated other comprehensive items, net associated with these net investment hedges.

21
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
3.    Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)
b.    Euro Notes Designated as a Hedge of Net Investment

Prior to their redemption in August 2020, we designated a portion of our previously outstanding Euro Notes (as defined in Note 5) as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. From January 1, 2020 through the date of redemption and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we designated, on average, 300,000 and 279,821 Euros, respectively, of our Euro Notes as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. As a result, we recorded foreign exchange (gains) losses related to the change in fair value of such debt due to currency translation adjustments as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive items, net.

Foreign exchange losses (gains) associated with this hedge of net investment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Foreign exchange losses (gains) associated with net investment hedge$16,604 $(13,101)$17,005 $(14,962)

As of September 30, 2020, cumulative net gains of $3,256, net of tax, are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive items, net associated with this net investment hedge.

4.    Acquisitions

Prior to January 9, 2020, we owned a 25% equity interest in OSG. On January 9, 2020, we acquired the remaining 75% equity interest in OSG for cash consideration of approximately $95,500 (the "OSG Acquisition"). The OSG Acquisition enabled us to extend our Global RIM Business in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Armenia. The results of OSG are fully consolidated within our condensed consolidated financial statements from the closing date of the OSG Acquisition. In connection with the OSG Acquisition, our previously held 25% equity investment in OSG was remeasured to fair value at the closing date of the OSG Acquisition; as a result, we recorded a gain of approximately $10,000 during the first quarter of 2020, which is included as a component of Other expense (income), net on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the 25% equity investment in OSG was determined based on the purchase price of the OSG Acquisition.

On February 17, 2020, in order to enhance our existing operations in the United Arab Emirates, we acquired Glenbeigh Records Management DWC-LLC, a storage and records management company, for total cash consideration of approximately $29,100.
22
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
4.    Acquisitions (Continued)
Purchase Price Allocation

A summary of the cumulative consideration paid and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price paid for all of our 2020 acquisitions through September 30, 2020 is as follows:
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Cash Paid (gross of cash acquired)(1)$124,614 
Fair Value of Investments Applied to Acquisitions27,276 
Total Consideration
151,890 
Fair Value of Identifiable Assets Acquired:
Cash
6,545 
Accounts Receivable, Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
16,815 
Property, Plant and Equipment(2)
43,643 
Customer Relationship Intangible Assets(3)60,846 
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets
111,251 
Debt Assumed
(11,479)
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
(9,435)
Operating Lease Liabilities
(111,251)
Deferred Income Taxes
(6,364)
Total Fair Value of Identifiable Net Assets Acquired
100,571 
Goodwill Initially Recorded$51,319 
________________________________________________________________

(1)Included in cash paid for acquisitions in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is net cash acquired of $6,545 and contingent and other payments of $512 related to acquisitions completed in 2019.
(2)    Consists primarily of leasehold improvements, racking structures and warehouse equipment.
(3)    The preliminary weighted average lives of customer relationship intangible assets associated with acquisitions is seven years.

The preliminary purchase price allocations that are not finalized as of September 30, 2020 primarily relate to the final assessment of the fair values of intangible assets (primarily customer relationship intangible assets), property, plant and equipment (primarily racking structures) and income taxes (primarily deferred income taxes) associated with the acquisitions we closed in 2020. Any adjustments to our estimates of purchase price allocation will be made in the periods in which the adjustments are determined, but no later than the one year measurement period, and the cumulative effect of such adjustments will be calculated as if the adjustments had been completed as of the acquisition dates. Adjustments recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were not material to our results from operations.
23
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
5.    Debt
Long-term debt is as follows:
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
 Debt (inclusive of discount)Unamortized Deferred Financing CostsCarrying AmountFair
Value		Debt (inclusive of discount)Unamortized Deferred Financing CostsCarrying AmountFair
Value
Revolving Credit Facility(1)$172,603 $(9,482)$163,121 $172,603 $348,808 $(12,053)$336,755 $348,808 
Term Loan A(1)218,750 — 218,750 218,750 228,125 — 228,125 228,125 
Term Loan B681,315 (6,557)674,758 682,500 686,395 (7,493)678,902 686,890 
Australian Dollar Term Loan (the "AUD Term Loan")226,690 (1,731)224,959 227,602 226,924 (2,313)224,611 228,156 
UK Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility (the "UK Bilateral Facility")180,204 (1,393)178,811 180,204 184,601 (1,801)182,800 184,601 
43/8% Senior Notes due 2021 (the "43/8% Notes")(2)
— — — — 500,000 (2,436)497,564 503,450 
6% Senior Notes due 2023 (the "6% Notes due 2023")(2)— — — — 600,000 (4,027)595,973 613,500 
53/8% CAD Senior Notes due 2023 (the "CAD Notes")
— — — — 192,058 (2,071)189,987 199,380 
53/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 (the "53/4% Notes")(2)
— — — — 1,000,000 (6,409)993,591 1,010,625 
3% Euro Senior Notes due 2025 (the "Euro Notes")(2)— — — — 336,468 (3,462)333,006 345,660 
37/8% GBP Senior Notes due 2025 (the "GBP Notes")
514,867 (4,942)509,925 519,027 527,432 (5,809)521,623 539,892 
53/8% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "53/8% Notes")
— — — — 250,000 (2,756)247,244 261,641 
47/8% Senior Notes due 2027 (the "47/8% Notes due 2027")(2)
1,000,000 (9,954)990,046 1,012,500 1,000,000 (11,020)988,980 1,029,475 
51/4% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "51/4% Notes due 2028")(2)
825,000 (8,857)816,143 851,813 825,000 (9,742)815,258 859,598 
5% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "5% Notes")(2)500,000 (5,667)494,333 507,500 — — — — 
47/8% Senior Notes due 2029 (the "47/8% Notes due 2029")(2)
1,000,000 (13,019)986,981 1,012,500 1,000,000 (14,104)985,896 1,015,640 
51/4% Senior Notes due 2030 (the "51/4 Notes due 2030")(2)
1,300,000 (14,792)1,285,208 1,352,000 — — — — 
41/2% Senior Notes due 2031 (the "41/2% Notes")(2)
1,100,000 (12,970)1,087,030 1,102,750 — — — — 
55/8% Senior Notes due 2032 (the "55/8% Notes")(2)
600,000 (6,873)593,127 630,000 — — — — 
Real Estate Mortgages, Financing Lease Liabilities and Other468,906 (215)468,691 468,906 523,671 (406)523,265 523,671 
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program270,600 (168)270,432 270,600 272,062 (81)271,981 272,062 
Mortgage Securitization Program50,000 (873)49,127 50,000 50,000 (982)49,018 50,000 
Total Long-term Debt9,108,935 (97,493)9,011,442  8,751,544 (86,965)8,664,579 
Less Current Portion(392,586)— (392,586) (389,013)— (389,013) 
Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion$8,716,349 $(97,493)$8,618,856  $8,362,531 $(86,965)$8,275,566  
_______________________________________________________________
24
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
5.    Debt (Continued)
(1)Collectively, the credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement consists of a revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and a term loan (the "Term Loan A"). The Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on June 3, 2023. Of the $172,603 of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2020, $128,000 was denominated in United States dollars, 3,200 was denominated in Canadian dollars and 36,000 was denominated in Euros. In addition, we also had various outstanding letters of credit totaling $3,202. The remaining amount available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2020 was $1,574,195 (which amount represents the maximum availability as of such date). The average interest rate in effect under the Credit Agreement was 2.3% as of September 30, 2020 and the average interest rate in effect under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2020 was 2.9%.
(2)Collectively, the "Parent Notes".

See Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information regarding the Credit Agreement and our other long-term debt, including the direct obligors of each of our debt instruments as well as information regarding the fair value of our debt instruments (including the levels of the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of our debt instruments). The levels of the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of our debt as of September 30, 2020 are consistent with the levels of the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of our debt as of December 31, 2019 (which are disclosed in our Annual Report).

June 2020 Offerings

On June 22, 2020, IMI completed private offerings of (i) $500,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 5% Notes, (ii) $1,300,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 51/4% Notes due 2030 and (iii) $600,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 55/8% Notes (collectively, the "June 2020 Offerings"). The 5% Notes, the 51/4% Notes due 2030 and the 55/8% Notes were issued at 100.000% of par. The total net proceeds of approximately $2,376,000 from the June 2020 Offerings, after deducting the initial purchasers' commissions, were used to redeem all of the 43/8% Notes, the 6% Notes due 2023 and the 53/4% Notes and to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.

On June 29, 2020, we redeemed all of the $500,000 in aggregate principal outstanding of the 43/8% Notes at 100.000% of par and all of the $600,000 in aggregate principal outstanding of the 6% Notes due 2023 at 102.000% of par, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. We recorded a charge of $17,040 to Other expense (income), net during the second quarter of 2020 related to the early extinguishment of this debt, representing the call premium associated with the early redemption of the 6% Notes due 2023, as well as a write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the early redemption of the 43/8% Notes and the 6% Notes due 2023.

On July 2, 2020, we redeemed all of the $1,000,000 in aggregate principal outstanding of the 53/4% Notes at 100.958% of par, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. We recorded a charge of $15,310 to Other expense (income), net during the third quarter of 2020 related to the early extinguishment of this debt, representing the call premium and write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees.

August 2020 Offering

On August 18, 2020, IMI completed a private offering of $1,100,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 41/2% Notes. The 41/2% Notes were issued at 100.000% of par. The total net proceeds of approximately $1,089,000 from the issuance of the 41/2% Notes, after deducting the initial purchasers' commissions, were used to redeem all of the CAD Notes, the Euro Notes, and the 53/8% Notes and to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.

25
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
5.    Debt (Continued)
On August 21, 2020, we redeemed all of the 250,000 CAD in aggregate principal outstanding of the CAD Notes at 104.031% of par, 300,000 Euro in aggregate principal outstanding of the Euro Notes at 101.500% of par and $250,000 in aggregate principal outstanding of the 53/8% Notes at 106.628% of par, plus, in each case accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. We recorded a charge of $35,950 to Other expense (income), net during the third quarter of 2020 related to the early extinguishment of the CAD Notes, the Euro Notes and the 53/8% Notes, representing the call premiums and write off unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the early redemption of these debt instruments.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

On March 31, 2020, we amended the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to (i) increase the maximum amount available from $275,000 to $300,000 and (ii) extend the maturity date from July 30, 2020 to July 30, 2021, at which point all obligations become due. The full amount outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is classified within the current portion of long-term debt in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Cash Pooling

We currently utilize two separate cash pooling arrangements, one of which we utilize to manage global liquidity requirements for our qualified REIT subsidiaries (the "QRS Cash Pool") and the other for our taxable REIT subsidiaries (the "TRS Cash Pool"). The approximate amount of the net cash position for our QRS Cash Pool and the TRS Cash Pool and the approximate amount of the gross position and outstanding debit balances for each of these pools as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
 Gross Cash PositionOutstanding Debit BalancesNet Cash PositionGross Cash PositionOutstanding Debit BalancesNet Cash Position
QRS Cash Pool$573,600 $(573,000)$600 $372,100 $(369,000)$3,100 
TRS Cash Pool363,800 (362,600)1,200 319,800 (301,300)18,500 

The net cash position balances as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are reflected as cash and cash equivalents in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Letters of Credit

As of September 30, 2020, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $34,761, of which $3,202 reduce our borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility (as described above). The letters of credit expire at various dates between October 2020 and January 2033.

Debt Covenants

The Credit Agreement, our bond indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness contain certain restrictive financial and operating covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to complete acquisitions, pay cash dividends, incur indebtedness, make investments, sell assets and take certain other corporate actions. The covenants do not contain a rating trigger. Therefore, a change in our debt rating would not trigger a default under the Credit Agreement, our bond indentures or other agreements governing our indebtedness. The Credit Agreement requires that we satisfy a fixed charge coverage ratio, a net total lease adjusted leverage ratio and a net secured debt lease adjusted leverage ratio on a quarterly basis and our bond indentures require that, among other things, we satisfy a leverage ratio (not lease adjusted) or a fixed charge coverage ratio (not lease adjusted), as a condition to taking actions such as paying dividends and incurring indebtedness.

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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
5.    Debt (Continued)
The Credit Agreement uses EBITDAR-based calculations and the bond indentures use EBITDA-based calculations as the primary measures of financial performance for purposes of calculating leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios. The bond indenture EBITDA-based calculations include our consolidated subsidiaries, other than those we have designated as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” as defined in the bond indentures. Generally, the Credit Agreement and the bond indentures use a trailing four fiscal quarter basis for purposes of the relevant calculations and require certain adjustments and exclusions for purposes of those calculations, which make the calculation of financial performance for purposes of those calculations under the Credit Agreement and bond indentures not directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA as presented herein. We are in compliance with our leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios under the Credit Agreement, our bond indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Noncompliance with these leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

6.    Segment Information

Our three reportable operating segments as of December 31, 2019 are described in Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report and are as follows:

•Global Records and Information Management ("Global RIM") Business
•Global Data Center Business
•Corporate and Other Business

The operations associated with acquisitions completed during the first nine months of 2020 have been incorporated into our existing reportable operating segments.

An analysis of our business segment information and reconciliation to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements is as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Global RIM Business
Total Revenues$921,773 $949,564 $2,755,294 $2,850,303 
Adjusted EBITDA393,883 395,181 1,169,671 1,156,596 
Global Data Center Business
Total Revenues$72,814 $64,418 $206,939 $188,245 
Adjusted EBITDA33,359 32,261 94,812 85,913 
Corporate and Other Business
Total Revenues$42,060 $48,242 $125,384 $144,446 
Adjusted EBITDA(57,195)(51,741)(188,475)(191,360)
Total Consolidated
Total Revenues$1,036,647 $1,062,224 $3,087,617 $3,182,994 
Adjusted EBITDA370,047 375,701 1,076,008 1,051,149 

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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
6.    Segment Information (Continued)
Adjusted EBITDA for each segment is defined as income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and also excludes certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (1) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (including real estate); (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net, and debt extinguishment expense); (4) Significant Acquisition Costs; (5) Restructuring Charges (as defined in Note 10); and (6) COVID-19 Costs (as defined below). Internally, we use Adjusted EBITDA as the basis for evaluating the performance of, and allocating resources to, our operating segments.

A reconciliation of Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EBITDA on a consolidated basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$38,562 $108,284 $96,341 $231,107 
Add/(Deduct):
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes13,934 21,928 33,304 43,127 
Other Expense (Income), Net83,465 (13,415)66,439 (13,397)
Interest Expense, Net104,303 106,677 313,408 314,427 
(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net(75,840)(9,284)(78,170)(17,087)
Depreciation and amortization157,252 157,561 483,686 484,375 
Significant Acquisition Costs— 3,950 — 8,597 
Restructuring Charges48,371 — 128,715 — 
COVID-19 Costs(1)— — 9,285 — 
Intangible impairments— — 23,000 — 
Adjusted EBITDA$370,047 $375,701 $1,076,008 $1,051,149 
_______________________________________________________________
(1)Costs that are incremental and directly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic which are not expected to recur once the pandemic ends ("COVID-19 Costs"). For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $7,600 and $1,600 of COVID-19 Costs are included within Cost of Sales and Selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. These costs include the purchase of personal protective equipment for our employees and incremental cleaning costs of our facilities, among other direct costs.



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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
6.    Segment Information (Continued)
Information as to our revenues by product and service lines by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Global RIM Business
Records Management(1)$712,182 $717,570 $2,118,767 $2,135,273 
Data Management(1)121,936 129,451 367,093 391,400 
Information Destruction(1)(2)87,655 102,543 269,434 323,630 
Data Center — — — — 
Total Revenues$921,773 $949,564 $2,755,294 $2,850,303 
Global Data Center Business
Records Management(1)$— $— $— $— 
Data Management(1)— — — — 
Information Destruction(1)(2)— — — — 
Data Center 72,814 64,418 206,939 188,245 
Total Revenues$72,814 $64,418 $206,939 $188,245 
Corporate and Other Business
Records Management(1)$25,720 $32,034 $75,675 $98,509 
Data Management(1)16,340 16,208 49,709 45,937 
Information Destruction(1)(2)— — — — 
Data Center — — — — 
Total Revenues$42,060 $48,242 $125,384 $144,446 
Total Consolidated
Records Management(1)$737,902 $749,604 $2,194,442 $2,233,782 
Data Management(1)138,276 145,659 416,802 437,337 
Information Destruction(1)(2)87,655 102,543 269,434 323,630 
Data Center 72,814 64,418 206,939 188,245 
Total Revenues$1,036,647 $1,062,224 $3,087,617 $3,182,994 
_______________________________________________________________
(1)Each of the offerings within our product and service lines has a component of revenue that is storage rental related and a component that is service revenues, except for information destruction, which does not have a storage rental component.
(2)Includes secure shredding services.



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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
7.    Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business. A portion of the defense and/or settlement costs associated with such litigation is covered by various commercial liability insurance policies purchased by us and, in limited cases, indemnification from third parties. There have been no material updates to the matters disclosed in Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, and we continue to believe that the resolution of the matters disclosed in Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We have estimated a reasonably possible range for all loss contingencies, including those disclosed in Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report and believe it is reasonably possible that we could incur aggregate losses in addition to amounts currently accrued for all matters up to an additional $5,000 over the next several years, of which certain amounts would be covered by insurance or indemnity arrangements.

8.    Stockholders' Equity Matters

In fiscal year 2019 and the first nine months of 2020, our board of directors declared the following dividends:
Declaration DateDividend
Per Share		Record DateTotal
Amount		Payment Date
February 7, 2019$0.6110 March 15, 2019$175,242 April 2, 2019
May 22, 20190.6110 June 17, 2019175,389 July 2, 2019
July 26, 20190.6110 September 16, 2019175,434 October 2, 2019
October 31, 20190.6185 December 16, 2019177,687 January 2, 2020
February 13, 20200.6185 March 16, 2020178,047 April 6, 2020
May 5, 20200.6185 June 15, 2020178,212 July 2, 2020
August 5, 20200.6185 September 15, 2020178,224 October 2, 2020

On November 4, 2020, we declared a dividend to our stockholders of record as of December 15, 2020 of $0.6185 per share, payable on January 6, 2021.

9.     Related Parties

In connection with the formation of the MakeSpace JV, we entered into a storage and service agreement with the MakeSpace JV to provide certain storage and related services to the MakeSpace JV (the “MakeSpace Agreement”). Revenues and expenses associated with the MakeSpace Agreement are presented as a component of our Global RIM Business segment. We recognized approximately $8,400 and $22,300 of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and approximately $7,300 and $15,200 of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, associated with the MakeSpace Agreement.

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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
10.    Project Summit
In October 2019, we announced our global program designed to better position us for future growth and achievement of our strategic objectives (“Project Summit”). Since Project Summit was announced, we have identified additional opportunities to streamline our business and operations, as well as accelerated the timing of certain opportunities previously identified. Such opportunities include leveraging new technology solutions to enable us to modernize our service delivery model and more efficiently utilize our fleet, labor and real estate, which has broadened the initial scope of Project Summit. The activities associated with Project Summit began in the fourth quarter of 2019 and are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2021.

Including the expanded scope of Project Summit, we estimate that the implementation of Project Summit will result in total costs of approximately $450,000, which includes (1) operating expenditures (“Restructuring Charges”) that primarily consist of: (i) employee severance costs; (ii) internal costs associated with the development and implementation of Project Summit initiatives; (iii) professional fees, primarily related to third party consultants who are assisting with the design and execution of various initiatives as well as project management activities and (iv) system implementation and data conversion costs, and (2) capital expenditures. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, Restructuring Charges primarily related to employee severance costs, internal costs associated with the development and implementation of Project Summit initiatives and professional fees.

Restructuring Charges included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and from the inception of Project Summit through September 30, 2020 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020		From the inception of Project Summit through
September 30, 2020
Global RIM Business$16,183 $37,245 $59,145 
Global Data Center Business296 986 1,292 
Corporate and Other Business31,892 90,484 116,875 
Restructuring Charges$48,371 $128,715 $177,312 

A rollforward of the accrued Restructuring Charges, which is included as a component of Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows:
Balance as of December 31, 2019(1)$17,777 
Amounts accrued128,715 
Payments(97,646)
Other, including currency translation adjustments(3,604)
Balance as of September 30, 2020(2)$45,242 
_______________________________________________________________
(1)    Accrued Restructuring Charges at December 31, 2019 consist of approximately $13,000 of accrued professional fees and approximately $4,800 of accrued employee severance costs.
(2)    Accrued Restructuring Charges at September 30, 2020 consist of approximately $33,400 of accrued professional fees and approximately $11,800 of accrued employee severance costs.

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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
11.    Subsequent Events

On October 1, 2020, we formed a joint venture (the “Frankfurt JV Transaction”) with AGC Equity Partners (“AGC”) to design and develop a 280,000 square foot, 27 megawatt, hyperscale data center currently under development in Frankfurt, Germany (the “Frankfurt JV”). AGC acquired an 80% equity interest in the Frankfurt JV, while we retained a 20% equity interest (the “Frankfurt JV Investment”). The total cash consideration for the 80% equity interest sold to AGC was approximately $100,000. The substantial majority of the consideration was received upon the closing of the Frankfurt JV, and we are entitled to receive an additional approximately $10,000 upon the completion of development of the data center, which we expect to occur in the second quarter of 2021. In connection with the Frankfurt JV Transaction, we also entered into agreements whereby we will earn various fees, including property management and construction and development fees, for services we are providing to the Frankfurt JV.

The assets included in the Frankfurt JV Transaction have a carrying value of approximately $100,000 at September 30, 2020, and are primarily land and land development assets which are included within our Global Data Center Business segment. The assets are classified as held for sale and are included within Other, a component of Other assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2020.

We will account for the Frankfurt JV Investment as an equity method investment, and the carrying value will be presented as a component of Other within Other assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheet beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we expect to recognize a gain of approximately $25,000 associated with the Frankfurt JV Transaction, representing the excess of the fair value of the consideration received over the carrying value of the assets. The gain remains subject to customary closing adjustments. At the closing date of the Frankfurt JV Transaction, the fair value of our Frankfurt JV Investment was approximately $25,000.


32
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, included herein, and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 13, 2020 (our "Annual Report").
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We have made statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report") that constitute "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other securities laws. These forward-looking statements concern our operations, economic performance, financial condition, goals, beliefs, future growth strategies, investment objectives, plans and current expectations, such as our (1) expectations and assumptions regarding the possible impact from the COVID-19 (as defined below) pandemic on us and our customers, including on our businesses, financial position, results of operations and cash flows and the goodwill associated with our reporting units, (2) expected benefits, costs and actions related to, and timing of, Project Summit (as defined and discussed below), (3) anticipated capital expenditures and possible funding sources, (4) expected total consolidated revenue declines in 2020 and (5) other forward-looking statements related to our business, results of operations and financial condition. These forward-looking statements are subject to various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, and you should not rely upon them except as statements of our present intentions and of our present expectations, which may or may not occur. When we use words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates" or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our expected results may not be achieved, and actual results may differ materially from our expectations. In addition, important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, among others:
•the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the global economy, including its effects on us, the markets we serve and our customers and the third parties with whom we do business within those markets;
•our ability to execute on Project Summit and the potential impacts of Project Summit on our ability to retain and recruit employees and execute on our strategic growth plan;
•our ability to remain qualified for taxation as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income tax purposes ("REIT");
•changes in customer preferences and demand for our storage and information management services, including as a result of the adoption of alternative technologies and shifts to storage of data through non-paper based technologies;
•our ability or inability to execute our strategic growth plan, including our ability to invest according to plan, expand internationally, complete acquisitions on satisfactory terms, integrate acquired companies efficiently and grow our business through joint ventures;
•changes in the amount of our capital expenditures;
•our ability to raise debt or equity capital and changes in the cost of our debt;
•the cost and our ability to comply with laws, regulations and customer demands, including those relating to data security and privacy issues, as well as fire and safety standards;
•the impact of litigation or disputes that may arise in connection with incidents in which we fail to protect our customers' information or our internal records or information technology systems and the impact of such incidents on our reputation and ability to compete;
•changes in the price for our storage and information management services relative to the cost of providing such storage and information management services;
•changes in the political and economic environments in the countries in which our international subsidiaries operate and changes in the global political climate;
•our ability to comply with our existing debt obligations and restrictions in our debt instruments;
•the impact of service interruptions or equipment damage and the cost of power on our data center operations;
•the cost or potential liabilities associated with real estate necessary for our business;
•the performance of business partners upon whom we depend for technical assistance or management expertise;
•other trends in competitive or economic conditions affecting our financial condition or results of operations not presently contemplated; and
•the other risks described in our periodic reports filed with the SEC, including under the caption "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report and in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 (the "March 31, 2020 Quarterly Report").
Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements appearing in this report.
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Overview

The following discussions set forth, for the periods indicated, management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. Significant trends and changes are discussed for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 within each section. Trends and changes that are consistent with the three and nine month periods are not repeated and are discussed on a year to date basis only.

COVID-19

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared a novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") a pandemic. This resulted in U.S. federal, state and local and foreign governments and private entities mandating various restrictions, including travel restrictions, restrictions on public gatherings, stay-at-home orders and advisories. In response, we temporarily closed certain of our offices and facilities across the world and implemented certain travel restrictions for our employees. The preventative and protective actions that governments have ordered, or we have implemented as an organization, have resulted in a period of reduced service operations and business disruption for us, our customers and other third parties with which we do business. While we have broad geographic and customer diversification with operations in approximately 50 countries, and no single customer accounting for more than 1% of our revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, COVID-19 is a global pandemic impacting numerous industries and geographies. While we do not currently believe that the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic have had a material adverse impact on our ability to collect our accounts receivable, global economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse effect on our customers, which could impact our future ability to collect our accounts receivable. We continue to monitor the credit worthiness of our customers and customer payment trends, as well as the related impact on our liquidity.

We have taken certain actions during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to manage our costs and capital expenditures, including, but not limited to: (i) the termination of nearly all of our temporary and contract workers; (ii) reductions in our full-time and part-time work forces; (iii) temporary furloughs, reduced hours or other temporary reduction measures; (iv) the deferral of certain previously planned non-essential capital investments and (v) the implementation of a temporary freeze on future acquisitions. We can provide no assurance that the cost savings measures we have taken, or may take in future periods, will be sufficient to offset any future service level declines, and we continue to evaluate the need for these cost saving measures and additional cost saving measures as additional information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic downturn become known. We have incurred certain costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic which are direct, incremental and not expected to recur once the pandemic ends, which include the purchase of personal protective equipment for our employees and incremental cleaning costs of our facilities, among other direct costs. We have excluded these costs in calculating our various non-GAAP measures (as described below).

Project Summit

In October 2019, we announced our global program designed to better position us for future growth and achievement of our strategic objectives ("Project Summit"). Since Project Summit was announced, we have identified additional opportunities to streamline our business and operations, as well as accelerated the timing of certain opportunities previously identified. Such opportunities include leveraging new technology solutions to enable us to modernize our service delivery model and more efficiently utilize our fleet, labor and real estate, which has broadened the initial scope of Project Summit.

The activities associated with Project Summit began in the fourth quarter of 2019 and are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2021. We expect the total program benefits associated with Project Summit to be fully realized exiting 2021. Including the expanded scope of Project Summit described above, we estimate that Project Summit will improve annual Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) by approximately $375.0 million exiting 2021. In addition, we expect Project Summit to improve annual Adjusted EBITDA by approximately $165.0 million in 2020. We will continue to evaluate our overall operating model, as well as various opportunities and initiatives, including those associated with real estate consolidation, system implementation and process changes, which could result in the identification and implementation of additional actions associated with Project Summit and incremental costs and benefits.
34
Including the expanded scope of Project Summit described above, we estimate that the implementation of Project Summit will result in total costs of approximately $450.0 million, of which we expect to incur approximately $200.0 million in 2020. These costs include (1) operating expenditures ("Restructuring Charges") that primarily consist of: (i) employee severance costs; (ii) internal costs associated with the development and implementation of Project Summit initiatives; (iii) professional fees, primarily related to third party consultants who are assisting with the design and execution of various initiatives as well as project management activities and (iv) system implementation and data conversion costs, and (2) capital expenditures. The following table presents (in thousands) the total costs related to Project Summit, comprised of Restructuring Charges (primarily related to employee severance costs, internal costs associated with the development and implementation of Project Summit initiatives and professional fees) and capital expenditures for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and from the inception of Project Summit through September 30, 2020.
 For the Three
Months Ended September 30, 2020		For the Nine
Months Ended September 30, 2020		From the inception of Project Summit through
September 30, 2020
Restructuring Charges$48,371 $128,715 $177,312 
Capital Expenditures associated with Project Summit2,567 4,672 4,672 
Total$50,938 $133,387 $181,984 

See Note 10 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for more information on the Restructuring Charges.

During the fourth quarter of 2019, as a result of the realignment of our global managerial structure and changes to our internal financial reporting associated with Project Summit, we reassessed the composition of our reportable operating segments and reporting units, as discussed in Note 2.h. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report. As a result of these changes, previously reported segment information has been restated to conform to the current presentation.

Change in Presentation

We have historically classified our Significant Acquisition Costs (as defined in Note 2.x. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report) as components of Selling, general and administrative expenses and Cost of sales. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, we present Significant Acquisition Costs as its own line item within Operating Expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The prior periods have been conformed to this presentation.

All Significant Acquisition Costs were incurred by December 31, 2019. Significant Acquisition Costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $4.0 million and $8.6 million, respectively.

Non-GAAP Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and also excludes certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (1) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (including real estate); (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net, and debt extinguishment expense); (4) Significant Acquisition Costs; (5) Restructuring Charges; and (6) COVID-19 Costs (as defined below). Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by total revenues. We use multiples of current or projected Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with our discounted cash flow models to determine our estimated overall enterprise valuation and to evaluate acquisition targets. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin provide our current and potential investors with relevant and useful information regarding our ability to generate cash flows to support business investment. These measures are an integral part of the internal reporting system we use to assess and evaluate the operating performance of our business. We also show Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin for each of our reportable operating segments under “Results of Operations – Segment Analysis” below.

35
Adjusted EBITDA excludes both interest expense, net and the provision (benefit) for income taxes. These expenses are associated with our capitalization and tax structures, which we do not consider when evaluating the operating profitability of our core operations. Finally, Adjusted EBITDA does not include depreciation and amortization expenses, in order to eliminate the impact of capital investments, which we evaluate by comparing capital expenditures to incremental revenue generated and as a percentage of total revenues. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), such as operating income, income (loss) from continuing operations, net income (loss) or cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations (as determined in accordance with GAAP).

Reconciliation of Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$38,562 $108,284 $96,341 $231,107 
Add/(Deduct):
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes13,934 21,928 33,304 43,127 
Other Expense (Income), Net83,465 (13,415)66,439 (13,397)
Interest Expense, Net104,303 106,677 313,408 314,427 
(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net(75,840)(9,284)(78,170)(17,087)
Depreciation and amortization157,252 157,561 483,686 484,375 
Significant Acquisition Costs— 3,950 — 8,597 
Restructuring Charges48,371 — 128,715 — 
COVID-19 Costs(1)— — 9,285 — 
Intangible impairments— — 23,000 — 
Adjusted EBITDA$370,047 $375,701 $1,076,008 $1,051,149 
_______________________________________________________________

(1)    Costs that are incremental and directly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic which are not expected to recur once the pandemic ends ("COVID-19 Costs"). These costs include the purchase of personal protective equipment for our employees and incremental cleaning costs of our facilities, among other direct costs.
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Adjusted EPS

Adjusted EPS is defined as reported earnings per share fully diluted from continuing operations excluding: (1) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (including real estate); (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net, and debt extinguishment expense); (4) Significant Acquisition Costs; (5) Restructuring Charges; (6) COVID-19 Costs; and (7) the tax impact of reconciling items and discrete tax items. Adjusted EPS includes income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests. We do not believe these excluded items to be indicative of our ongoing operating results, and they are not considered when we are forecasting our future results. We believe Adjusted EPS is of value to our current and potential investors when comparing our results from past, present and future periods.

Reconciliation of Reported EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Reported EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations$0.13 $0.37 $0.33 $0.80 
Add/(Deduct):
Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests— — — 0.01 
Other Expense (Income), Net0.29 (0.05)0.23 (0.05)
(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net(0.26)(0.03)(0.27)(0.06)
Significant Acquisition Costs— 0.01 — 0.03 
Restructuring Charges0.17 — 0.45 — 
COVID-19 Costs— — 0.03 — 
Intangible impairments— — 0.08 — 
Tax Impact of Reconciling Items and Discrete Tax Items(1)(0.01)— (0.05)(0.01)
Adjusted EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations(2)$0.31 $0.32 $0.80 $0.71 
_______________________________________________________________

(1)The difference between our effective tax rates and our structural tax rate (or adjusted effective tax rates) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is primarily due to (i) the reconciling items above, which impact our reported income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes but have an insignificant impact on our reported provision (benefit) for income taxes and (ii) other discrete tax items. Our structural tax rate for purposes of the calculation of Adjusted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was 16.8% and 18.6%, respectively.
(2)    Columns may not foot due to rounding.

FFO (Nareit) and FFO (Normalized)

Funds from operations (“FFO”) is defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") and us as net income (loss) excluding depreciation on real estate assets, gains on sale of real estate, net of tax and amortization of data center leased-based intangibles ("FFO (Nareit)"). FFO (Nareit) does not give effect to real estate depreciation because these amounts are computed, under GAAP, to allocate the cost of a property over its useful life. Because values for well-maintained real estate assets have historically increased or decreased based upon prevailing market conditions, we believe that FFO (Nareit) provides investors with a clearer view of our operating performance. Our most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO (Nareit) is net income (loss). Although Nareit has published a definition of FFO, modifications to FFO (Nareit) are common among REITs as companies seek to provide financial measures that most meaningfully reflect their particular business. Our definition of FFO (Normalized) excludes certain items included in FFO (Nareit) that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (1) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net; (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net, and debt extinguishment expense); (4) real estate financing lease depreciation; (5) Significant Acquisition Costs; (6) Restructuring Charges; (7) COVID-19 Costs; (8) the tax impact of reconciling items and discrete tax items; (9) (income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax; and (10) (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax.
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Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to FFO (Nareit) and FFO (Normalized) (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Net Income (Loss)$38,562 $108,284 $96,341 $231,211 
Add/(Deduct):
Real Estate Depreciation72,019 72,939 224,325 220,179 
Gains on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax(75,880)(9,740)(77,461)(40,252)
Data Center Lease-Based Intangible Assets Amortization10,441 11,356 32,173 35,337 
FFO (Nareit)45,142 182,839 275,378 446,475 
Add/(Deduct):
Loss (Gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net40 369 (359)28,558 
Other Expense (Income), Net(1)83,465 (13,415)66,439 (13,397)
Real Estate Financing Lease Depreciation3,501 3,115 10,095 9,732 
Significant Acquisition Costs— 3,950 — 8,597 
Restructuring Charges48,371 — 128,715 — 
COVID-19 Costs— — 9,285 — 
Intangible impairments— — 23,000 — 
Tax Impact of Reconciling Items and Discrete Tax Items(2)(4,314)1,283 (13,959)(9,202)
(Income) Loss from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax(3)— — — (104)
FFO (Normalized)$176,205 $178,141 $498,594 $470,659 
_______________________________________________________________

(1)Includes (i) foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net of $29.6 million and $(6.3) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $(18.3) million and $(19.9) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively and (ii) debt extinguishment expense of $51.3 million and $68.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
(2)Represents the tax impact of (i) the reconciling items above, which impact our reported income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes but have an insignificant impact on our reported provision (benefit) for income taxes and (ii) other discrete tax items. Discrete tax items resulted in a (benefit) provision for income taxes of $(3.8) million and $(1.6) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $1.0 million and $(5.5) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
(3)Net of a de minimis tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
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Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and for the period then ended. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the estimates used. We base our estimates on historical experience, actuarial estimates, current conditions and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies include the following, which are listed in no particular order:
•Revenue Recognition
•Accounting for Acquisitions
•Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets
•Income Taxes

Further detail regarding our critical accounting policies can be found in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report, and the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes included therein and should be read in conjunction with the disclosure below which addresses updates in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization: Our reporting units as of December 31, 2019 are described in detail in Note 2.h. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report. The goodwill associated with acquisitions completed during the first nine months of 2020 (which are described in Note 4 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report) has been incorporated into our reporting units as they existed as of December 31, 2019.

During the first quarter of 2020, we concluded that we had a triggering event related to our Fine Arts reporting unit, requiring us to perform an interim goodwill impairment test. The primary factor contributing to our conclusion was the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to this particular business and its customers and revenue sources, which caused us to believe it was more likely than not that the carrying value of our Fine Arts reporting unit exceeded its fair value. During the first quarter of 2020, we performed an interim goodwill impairment test for our Fine Arts reporting unit utilizing a discounted cash flow model, with updated assumptions on future revenues, operating expenditures and capital expenditures. We concluded that the fair value of the Fine Arts reporting unit was less than its carrying value, primarily due to near-term revenue declines that are unable to be fully mitigated by the cost reduction measures we have taken. Therefore, we recorded a $23.0 million impairment charge on the goodwill associated with this reporting unit during the first quarter of 2020. As disclosed in our Annual Report, our Global Data Center reporting unit had an estimated fair value that exceeded its carrying value by less than 20%. At March 31, 2020, we determined we did not have a triggering event requiring an interim impairment test on the goodwill associated with our Global Data Center reporting unit. During the second and third quarters of 2020, for each of our reporting units, no factors were identified that would alter our interim goodwill impairment analysis performed during the first quarter of 2020, or change the conclusions reached at that time.

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Reporting unit valuations have generally been determined using a combined approach based on the present value of future cash flows (the “Discounted Cash Flow Model”) and market multiples. There are inherent uncertainties and judgments involved when determining the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of our annual impairment testing or upon a triggering event. The success of each of these businesses and the achievement of certain key assumptions developed by management and used in the Discounted Cash Flow Model are contingent upon various factors, which may be impacted by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors include, but are not limited to: (i) our ability to maintain, or grow, storage rental and service revenues in line with current expectations and (ii) our ability to manage our fixed and variable costs in line with potential future revenue declines. These factors are incremental to those previously outlined in our Annual Report, which included, but were not limited to: (i) achieving growth from existing customers, (ii) sales to new customers, (iii) increased market penetration and (iv) accurately timing the capital investments related to expansions. In addition, the discount rates utilized in our valuation models could be impacted by changes in the underlying interest rates and risk premiums which could also result in future goodwill impairments. However, the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the related economic impact on both our business and the businesses of our customers, remain uncertain as of the filing of this Quarterly Report. As such, the current assumptions we used in determining the fair values of our reporting units may materially change as we gain additional visibility into the impact to our business and our customers’ businesses. If our reporting units are not able to meet the assumptions we used in the Discounted Cash Flow Model, or there are any future adverse market conditions that are not currently known or are more severe than we currently expect, including relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, it could potentially lead to a fair value that is less than the carrying value in any one of our reporting units and cause future goodwill impairments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2.n. to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for a description of recently adopted accounting pronouncements.
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Results of Operations

Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Dollar
Change		Percentage
Change
20202019
Revenues$1,036,647$1,062,224$(25,577)(2.4)%
Operating Expenses796,383838,750(42,367)(5.1)%
Operating Income240,264223,47416,790 7.5 %
Other Expenses, Net201,702115,19086,512 75.1 %
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations38,562108,284(69,722)(64.4)%
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax——— — %
Net Income (Loss) 38,562108,284(69,722)(64.4)%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests168609(441)(72.4)%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$38,394$107,675$(69,281)(64.3)%
Adjusted EBITDA$370,047$375,701$(5,654)(1.5)%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin35.7 %35.4 %
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Dollar
Change		Percentage
Change
20202019
Revenues$3,087,617$3,182,994$(95,377)(3.0)%
Operating Expenses2,578,1252,607,730(29,605)(1.1)%
Operating Income509,492575,264(65,772)(11.4)%
Other Expenses, Net413,151344,15768,994 20.0 %
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations96,341231,107(134,766)(58.3)%
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax—104(104)(100.0)%
Net Income (Loss)96,341231,211(134,870)(58.3)%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests1,0581,534(476)(31.0)%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated$95,283$229,677$(134,394)(58.5)%
Adjusted EBITDA$1,076,008$1,051,149$24,859 2.4 %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin34.8 %33.0 %
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REVENUES
Consolidated revenues consist of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency(1)		Organic
Growth(2)		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$696,294 $673,318 $22,976 3.4 %3.8 %2.5 %1.3 %
Service340,353 388,906 (48,553)(12.5)%(12.2)%(13.5)%1.3 %
Total Revenues$1,036,647 $1,062,224 $(25,577)(2.4)%(2.1)%(3.4)%1.3 %
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency(1)		Organic
Growth(2)		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$2,056,797 $2,005,580 $51,217 2.6 %4.2 %2.6 %1.6 %
Service1,030,820 1,177,414 (146,594)(12.5)%(11.1)%(13.0)%1.9 %
Total Revenues$3,087,617 $3,182,994 $(95,377)(3.0)%(1.5)%(3.2)%1.7 %
________________________________________________________________
(1)Constant currency growth rates, which are a non-GAAP measure, are calculated by translating the 2019 results at the 2020 average exchange rates.
(2)Our organic revenue growth rate, which is a non-GAAP measure, represents the year-over-year growth rate of our revenues excluding the impact of business acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Our organic revenue growth rate includes the impact of acquisitions of customer relationships.

Total Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the decrease in reported consolidated revenue was driven by declines in reported service revenue, partially offset by reported storage rental revenue growth. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported consolidated revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 by 1.5% compared to the prior year period. We expect low single digit total consolidated revenue declines for the full year 2020.

Storage Rental Revenues

Primary factors influencing the change in reported consolidated storage rental revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•organic storage rental revenue growth driven by volume growth in faster growing markets and revenue management;
•a 2.1% increase in global records management net volume due to acquisitions (excluding acquisitions, global records management net volume decreased 1.2%); and
•a decrease of $30.9 million due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Service Revenues

Primary factors influencing the change in reported consolidated service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•a decrease in service activity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in the second quarter and, to a lesser extent, the third quarter of 2020, particularly in regions where governments have imposed restrictions on non-essential business operations;
•organic service revenue declines reflecting lower service activity levels; and
•a decrease of $18.0 million due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

The severity of future service level declines is uncertain and is dependent on the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting governmental and business actions and the duration and strength of any ensuing economic recovery that may follow, specifically within the markets in which we operate and among our customers.

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OPERATING EXPENSES

Cost of Sales

Consolidated Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization) consists of the following expenses (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change% of
Consolidated
Revenues		Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency
2020201920202019
Labor$183,878 $200,471 $(16,593)(8.3)%(7.4)%17.7 %18.9 %(1.2)%
Facilities179,031 171,700 7,331 4.3 %4.5 %17.3 %16.2 %1.1 %
Transportation30,890 40,137 (9,247)(23.0)%(23.4)%3.0 %3.8 %(0.8)%
Product Cost of Sales and Other40,706 37,064 3,642 9.8 %10.9 %3.9 %3.5 %0.4 %
Total Cost of sales$434,505 $449,372 $(14,867)(3.3)%(2.8)%41.9 %42.3 %(0.4)%
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change% of
Consolidated
Revenues		Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency
2020201920202019
Labor$552,396 $612,385 $(59,989)(9.8)%(7.8)%17.9 %19.2 %(1.3)%
Facilities537,181 523,369 13,812 2.6 %4.3 %17.4 %16.4 %1.0 %
Transportation97,990 123,136 (25,146)(20.4)%(19.6)%3.2 %3.9 %(0.7)%
Product Cost of Sales and Other112,904 114,937 (2,033)(1.8)%0.6 %3.7 %3.6 %0.1 %
COVID-19 Costs7,648 — 7,648 100.0 %100.0 %0.2 %— %0.2 %
Total Cost of sales$1,308,119 $1,373,827 $(65,708)(4.8)%(3.0)%42.4 %43.2 %(0.8)%

Primary factors influencing the change in reported consolidated Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•a decrease in labor costs driven by cost containment actions taken in response to lower service activity levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by incremental labor costs associated with recent acquisitions;
•a decrease in transportation costs, primarily driven by lower third-party carrier costs and fuel costs, reflecting cost containment actions taken in response to lower service activity levels;
•an increase in facilities expenses driven by increases in rent expense, in part due to recent acquisitions; and
•a decrease of $25.4 million due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.



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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated Selling, general and administrative expenses consists of the following expenses (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change% of
Consolidated
Revenues		Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency
2020201920202019
General and Administrative$131,911 $133,796 $(1,885)(1.4)%(1.0)%12.7 %12.6 %0.1 %
Sales, Marketing and Account Management55,294 58,011 (2,717)(4.7)%(4.6)%5.3 %5.5 %(0.2)%
Information Technology40,351 37,781 2,570 6.8 %6.9 %3.9 %3.6 %0.3 %
Bad Debt Expense4,539 7,563 (3,024)(40.0)%(40.5)%0.4 %0.7 %(0.3)%
Total Selling, general and administrative expenses$232,095 $237,151 $(5,056)(2.1)%(1.9)%22.4 %22.3 %0.1 %
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change% of
Consolidated Revenues		Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency
2020201920202019
General and Administrative$397,290 $428,970 $(31,680)(7.4)%(6.1)%12.9 %13.5 %(0.6)%
Sales, Marketing and Account Management167,138 186,717 (19,579)(10.5)%(9.3)%5.4 %5.9 %(0.5)%
Information Technology120,995 125,981 (4,986)(4.0)%(3.0)%3.9 %4.0 %(0.1)%
Bad Debt Expense25,715 16,350 9,365 57.3 %57.4 %0.8 %0.5 %0.3 %
COVID-19 Costs1,637 — 1,637 100.0 %100.0 %0.1 %— %0.1 %
Total Selling, general and administrative expenses$712,775 $758,018 $(45,243)(6.0)%(4.7)%23.1 %23.8 %(0.7)%

Primary factors influencing the change in reported consolidated Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•a decrease in bad debt expense, primarily driven by improved collection activity; and
•a decrease of $0.5 million due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Primary factors influencing the change in reported consolidated Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•a decrease in general and administrative expenses, driven by decreased wages and benefits expense and other employee related costs, as well as lower professional fees, reflecting benefits from Project Summit and ongoing cost containment measures, partially offset by higher bonus compensation accruals;
•a decrease in sales, marketing and account management expenses, driven by decreased compensation expense and other employee related costs, reflecting benefits from Project Summit and ongoing cost containment measures;
•higher bad debt expense, primarily driven by increased collectability risk resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic; and
•foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased reported consolidated Selling, general and administrative expenses by $9.8 million.

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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense decreased by $1.7 million, or 0.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior year period. See Note 2.f. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information regarding the useful lives over which our property, plant and equipment is depreciated.

Amortization expense increased by $1.0 million, or 0.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior year period.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring Charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were approximately $128.7 million and primarily consist of employee severance costs, internal costs associated with the development and implementation of Project Summit initiatives and professional fees.

Intangible impairments

The intangible impairment charge for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $23.0 million and related to the write-down of goodwill associated with our Fine Arts reporting unit in the first quarter of 2020, as discussed above.

Gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net

Consolidated gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was approximately $75.8 million and $78.2 million, respectively. These amounts primarily consisted of gains of approximately $76.4 million associated with the sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities during the third quarter of 2020.

Consolidated gain on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $9.3 million and $17.1 million, respectively. These amounts consisted of (i) a gain of approximately $36.0 million associated with the sale of certain land and buildings during the second quarter of 2019 and (ii) a gain of approximately $9.8 million associated with a sale-leaseback transaction of five facilities during the third quarter of 2019, and were partially offset by losses incurred during the second quarter of 2019 primarily associated with an impairment charge on the assets associated with the select offerings within our Iron Mountain Iron Cloud portfolio of approximately $24.8 million.

OTHER EXPENSES, NET

Interest Expense, Net

Consolidated interest expense, net decreased by $1.0 million, to $313.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $314.4 million in the prior year period. This decrease was mainly driven by a decrease in the weighted average interest rate on our outstanding debt, partially offset by higher average debt outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 5 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information regarding our indebtedness.

45
Other Expense (Income), Net

Consolidated other expense (income), net consists of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Dollar
Change		Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Dollar
Change
Description2020201920202019
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net$29,635 $(18,251)$47,886 $(6,293)$(19,885)$13,592 
Debt extinguishment expense51,260 — 51,260 68,300 — 68,300 
Other, net2,570 4,836 (2,266)4,432 6,488 (2,056)
Other Expense (Income), Net$83,465 $(13,415)$96,880 $66,439 $(13,397)$79,836 
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net

We recorded net foreign currency transaction gains of $6.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, based on period-end exchange rates. These gains resulted primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of the British pound sterling against the United States dollar compared to December 31, 2019 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries.

We recorded net foreign currency transaction gains of $19.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, based on period-end exchange rates. These gains resulted primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of the British pound sterling against the United States dollar compared to December 31, 2018 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries.

Debt extinguishment expense

Debt extinguishment expense represents the call premiums and write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the early redemption of the 6% Notes due 2023, the 43/8% Notes, the 53/4% Notes, the CAD Notes, the Euro Notes and the 53/8% Notes (as defined below).

Other, net

Included in Other, net are losses on certain of our equity method investments, which are partially offset by a gain of approximately $10.0 million recorded during the first quarter of 2020 in connection with our acquisition of the remaining 75% equity interest in OSG Records Management (Europe) Limited ("OSG" and such acquisition, the "OSG Acquisition"), as our previously held 25% equity investment in OSG was remeasured to fair value at the closing date of the OSG Acquisition.

Provision for Income Taxes

We provide for income taxes during interim periods based on our estimate of the effective tax rate for the year.

Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Effective Tax Rate(1)26.5 %16.8 %25.7 %15.7 %
_______________________________________________________________
(1)The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction and the impact of differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject, including foreign exchange gains and losses in different jurisdictions with different tax rates. In addition, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the costs associated with Project Summit are more heavily weighted to our United States qualified REIT subsidiaries, and, therefore, provide no tax benefit.

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INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS AND ADJUSTED EBITDA

The following table reflects the effect of the foregoing factors on our consolidated Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations and Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Dollar
Change		Percentage Change
20202019
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$38,562 $108,284 $(69,722)(64.4)%
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations as a percentage of Consolidated Revenue3.7 %10.2 %
Adjusted EBITDA$370,047 $375,701 $(5,654)(1.5)%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin35.7 %35.4 %
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Dollar
Change		Percentage Change
20202019
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations$96,341 $231,107 $(134,766)(58.3)%
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations as a percentage of Consolidated Revenue3.1 %7.3 %
Adjusted EBITDA$1,076,008 $1,051,149 $24,859 2.4 %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin34.8 %33.0 %

Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased by 180 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same prior year period, reflecting benefits from Project Summit, revenue management, favorable revenue mix and ongoing cost containment measures, partially offset by fixed cost deleverage on lower service revenue and higher bonus compensation accruals. Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 excludes $9.3 million of direct and incremental costs related to COVID-19 incurred in the second quarter.

The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same prior year period, reflects the impact of lower service activity levels and higher bonus compensation accruals, partially offset by benefits from Project Summit. Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020 includes direct and incremental costs related to COVID-19.
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Segment Analysis (in thousands)

See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for a description of our reportable operating segments.

Global RIM Business
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency		Organic
Growth		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$598,949$582,844$16,105 2.8 %3.4 %1.8 %1.6 %
Service322,824366,720(43,896)(12.0)%(11.7)%(13.0)%1.3 %
Segment Revenue$921,773$949,564$(27,791)(2.9)%(2.5)%(3.9)%1.4 %
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$393,883$395,181$(1,298)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin 42.7 %41.6 %
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency		Organic
Growth		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$1,773,364$1,738,192$35,172 2.0 %3.9 %2.0 %1.9 %
Service981,9301,112,111(130,181)(11.7)%(10.3)%(12.3)%2.0 %
Segment Revenue$2,755,294$2,850,303$(95,009)(3.3)%(1.7)%(3.6)%1.9 %
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$1,169,671$1,156,596$13,075 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin42.5 %40.6 %

Primary factors influencing the change in revenue and Adjusted EBITDA Margin in our Global RIM Business segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•a decline in organic service revenue mainly driven by reduced service activity levels, primarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic;
•organic storage rental revenue growth driven by revenue management;
•a decrease in revenue of $48.7 million due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;
•a 2.1% increase in global records management net volume due to acquisitions (excluding acquisitions, global records management net volume decreased 1.2%); and
•a 190 basis point increase in Adjusted EBITDA Margin primarily driven by benefits from Project Summit, revenue management, favorable revenue mix and ongoing cost containment measures, partially offset by fixed cost deleverage on lower service revenue and higher bonus compensation accruals.

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Global Data Center Business
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency		Organic
Growth		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$68,416$62,001$6,415 10.3 %9.5 %9.5 %— %
Service4,3982,4171,981 82.0 %79.9 %79.9 %— %
Segment Revenue$72,814$64,418$8,396 13.0 %12.1 %12.1 %— %
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$33,359$32,261$1,098 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin45.8 %50.1 %
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency		Organic
Growth		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$196,823$182,301$14,522 8.0 %8.0 %8.0 %— %
Service10,1165,9444,172 70.2 %69.6 %69.6 %— %
Segment Revenue$206,939$188,245$18,694 9.9 %9.9 %9.9 %— %
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$94,812$85,913$8,899 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin45.8 %45.6 %

Primary factors influencing the change in revenue and Adjusted EBITDA Margin in our Global Data Center Business segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•organic total revenue growth from leases signed in prior periods and service revenue growth partially offset by churn of 290 basis points;
•non-recurring revenue benefits in the prior year include a previously disclosed lease modification fee of $3.4 million, while non-recurring revenue benefits in the current year were $1.8 million; and
•a 20 basis point increase in Adjusted EBITDA Margin driven by ongoing cost containment measures, partially offset by headwinds from flow through of non-recurring revenue items described above.
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Corporate and Other Business
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency		Organic
Growth		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$28,929$28,473$456 1.6 %1.0 %1.1 %(0.1)%
Service13,13119,769(6,638)(33.6)%(34.1)%(34.0)%(0.1)%
Segment Revenue$42,060$48,242$(6,182)(12.8)%(13.4)%(13.3)%(0.1)%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$(57,195)$(51,741)$(5,454)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of Consolidated Revenue(5.5)%(4.9)%
Nine Months Ended
September 30,		Percentage Change
Dollar
Change		ActualConstant
Currency		Organic
Growth		Impact of Acquisitions
20202019
Storage Rental$86,610$85,087$1,523 1.8 %1.8 %3.3 %(1.5)%
Service38,77459,359(20,585)(34.7)%(34.4)%(34.9)%0.5 %
Segment Revenue$125,384$144,446$(19,062)(13.2)%(13.0)%(12.5)%(0.5)%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$(188,475)$(191,360)$2,885 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of Consolidated Revenue(6.1)%(6.0)%

Primary factors influencing the change in revenue and Adjusted EBITDA in our Corporate and Other Business segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the following:
•a decline in organic service revenue due to lower service activity levels in our Fine Arts business, primarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic; and
•an increase in Adjusted EBITDA driven by benefits from Project Summit and ongoing cost containment measures, partially offset by the impact of lower service activity in our Fine Arts business in addition to higher corporate bonus compensation accruals.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Project Summit

As disclosed above, in October 2019, we announced Project Summit. We estimate that the implementation of Project Summit will result in total costs of $450.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we incurred approximately $133.4 million of costs related to Project Summit which were comprised of $128.7 million of Restructuring Charges, primarily related to employee severance costs, internal costs associated with the development and implementation of Project Summit initiatives and professional fees, and $4.7 million of capital expenditures.

Cash Flows

The following is a summary of our cash balances and cash flows (in thousands) as of and for the nine months ended September 30,
20202019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities - Continuing Operations$627,218 $648,145 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities - Continuing Operations(360,131)(640,696)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities - Continuing Operations(307,174)19,885 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash, End of Period151,972 186,778 

    a.    Cash Flows from Operating Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash flows provided by operating activities decreased by $20.9 million compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a decrease in net income (including non-cash charges) of $76.1 million partially offset by an increase in cash from working capital of $55.2 million, primarily related to the timing of collections of accounts receivable and certain prepaid and accrued expenses.

    b.    Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our significant investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are highlighted below:

•We paid cash for capital expenditures of $309.2 million. Additional details of our capital spending are included in the "Capital Expenditures" section below.
•We paid cash for acquisitions (net of cash acquired) of $118.6 million, primarily funded by borrowings under the revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility").
•We received $117.0 million in proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment, primarily related to the sale-leaseback transactions of two facilities during the third quarter of 2020. We plan to monetize a small portion of our total industrial real estate assets going forward.
•We acquired customer relationships and incurred both (i) customer inducements (which primarily consist of permanent withdrawal fees) and (ii) Contract Fulfillment Costs (as defined in Note 2.c. to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $3.5 million, $8.3 million and $30.7 million, respectively.

    c.    Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Our significant financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included:

•Net proceeds of $2,376.0 million associated with the June 2020 Offerings (as defined below).
•Net proceeds of $1,089.0 million associated with the issuance of the 41/2% Notes (as defined below).
•Payments, including call premiums, of $2,942.6 million associated with the early redemption of the 43/8% Notes, the 6% Notes due 2023, the 53/4% Notes, the CAD Notes, the Euro Notes and the 53/8% Notes.
•Net payments of $263.9 million primarily associated with repayments on the Revolving Credit Facility.
•Payment of dividends in the amount of $537.9 million on our common stock.

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Capital Expenditures

The following table presents our capital spend for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, organized by the type of the spending as described in our Annual Report (in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Nature of Capital Spend20202019
Growth Investment Capital Expenditures:
Real Estate$45,888 $107,895 
Non-Real Estate35,538 20,813 
Data Center151,692 316,932 
Innovation1,145 14,596 
Total Growth Investment Capital Expenditures234,263 460,236 
Recurring Capital Expenditures:
Real Estate28,242 42,997 
Non-Real Estate12,183 19,255 
Data Center8,083 4,951 
Total Recurring Capital Expenditures48,508 67,203 
Total Capital Spend (on accrual basis)282,771 527,439 
Net increase (decrease) in prepaid capital expenditures2,221 361 
Net decrease (increase) in accrued capital expenditures24,170 5,814 
Total Capital Spend (on cash basis)$309,162 $533,614 

Excluding capital expenditures associated with potential future acquisitions, opportunistic real estate investments and capital expenditures associated with Project Summit, we expect our capital expenditures to be approximately $450.0 million in the year ending December 31, 2020.

Dividends

See Note 8 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for a listing of dividends that we declared during the first nine months of 2020 and fiscal year 2019.

On November 4, 2020, we declared a dividend to our stockholders of record as of December 15, 2020 of $0.6185 per share, payable on January 6, 2021.

Financial Instruments and Debt

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents (including money market funds) and accounts receivable. The only significant concentration of liquid investment as of September 30, 2020 is related to cash and cash equivalents. See Note 2.i. to Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for information on our money market funds.
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Long-term debt as of September 30, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
 September 30, 2020
 Debt (inclusive of discount)Unamortized Deferred
Financing Costs		 Carrying Amount
Revolving Credit Facility$172,603 $(9,482)$163,121 
Term Loan A218,750 — 218,750 
Term Loan B681,315 (6,557)674,758 
Australian Dollar Term Loan 226,690 (1,731)224,959 
UK Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility180,204 (1,393)178,811 
37/8% GBP Senior Notes due 2025 (the "GBP Notes")
514,867 (4,942)509,925 
47/8% Senior Notes due 2027 (the "47/8% Notes due 2027")(1)
1,000,000 (9,954)990,046 
51/4% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "51/4% Notes due 2028")(1)
825,000 (8,857)816,143 
5% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "5% Notes")(1)500,000 (5,667)494,333 
47/8% Senior Notes due 2029 (the "47/8% Notes due 2029")(1)
1,000,000 (13,019)986,981 
51/4% Senior Notes due 2030 (the "51/4 Notes due 2030")(1)
1,300,000 (14,792)1,285,208 
41/2% Senior Notes due 2031 (the "41/2 Notes")(1)
1,100,000 (12,970)1,087,030 
55/8% Senior Notes due 2032 (the "55/8% Notes")(1)
600,000 (6,873)593,127 
Real Estate Mortgages, Financing Lease Liabilities and Other468,906 (215)468,691 
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program270,600 (168)270,432 
Mortgage Securitization Program50,000 (873)49,127 
Total Long-term Debt9,108,935 (97,493)9,011,442 
Less Current Portion(392,586)— (392,586)
Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion$8,716,349 $(97,493)$8,618,856 
_______________________________________________________________
(1)Collectively, the "Parent Notes".

See Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report and Note 5 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information regarding our long-term debt.

June 2020 Offerings

On June 22, 2020, IMI completed private offerings of (i) $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5% Notes, (ii) $1,300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 51/4% Notes due 2030 and (iii) $600.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 55/8% Notes (collectively, the "June 2020 Offerings"). The 5% Notes, the 51/4% Notes due 2030 and the 55/8% Notes were issued at 100.000% of par. The total net proceeds of approximately $2,376.0 million from the June 2020 Offerings, after deducting the initial purchasers' commissions, were used to redeem all of the 43/8% Senior Notes due 2021 ("the 43/8% Notes"), the 6% Senior Notes due 2023 (the "6% Notes due 2023") and the 53/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 (the "53/4% Notes") and to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.

On June 29, 2020, we redeemed all of the $500.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding of the 43/8% Notes at 100.000% of par and all of the $600.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding of the 6% Notes due 2023 at 102.000% of par, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. We recorded a charge of $17.0 million to Other expense (income), net during the second quarter of 2020 related to the early extinguishment of this debt, representing the call premium associated with the early redemption of the 6% Notes due 2023, as well as a write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the early redemption of the 43/8% Notes and the 6% Notes due 2023.

On July 2, 2020, we redeemed all of the $1,000.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding of the 53/4% Notes at 100.958% of par, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. We recorded a charge of $15.3 million to Other expense (income), net during the third quarter of 2020 related to the early extinguishment of this debt, representing the call premium and write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees.
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August 2020 Offering

On August 18, 2020, IMI completed a private offering of $1,100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 41/2% Notes. The 41/2% Notes were issued at 100.000% of par. The total net proceeds of approximately $1,089.0 million from the issuance of the 41/2% Notes, after deducting the initial purchasers' commissions, were used to redeem all of the 53/8% CAD Senior Notes due 2023 (the "CAD Notes"), the 3% Euro Senior Notes due 2025 (the "Euro Notes") and the 53/8% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "53/8% Notes") and to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
On August 21, 2020, we redeemed all of the 250.0 million CAD in aggregate principal outstanding of the CAD Notes at 104.031% of par, 300.0 million Euro in aggregate principal outstanding of the Euro Notes at 101.500% of par and $250.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding of the 53/8% Notes at 106.628% of par, plus, in each case accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. We recorded a charge of approximately $36.0 million to Other expense (income), net during the third quarter of 2020 related to the early extinguishment of the CAD Notes, the Euro Notes and the 53/8% Notes, representing the call premiums and write off unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the early redemption of these debt instruments.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

On March 31, 2020, we amended the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to (i) increase the maximum amount available from $275.0 million to $300.0 million and (ii) extend the maturity date from July 30, 2020 to July 30, 2021, at which point all obligations become due. The full amount outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is classified within the current portion of long-term debt in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020.

Letters of Credit

As of September 30, 2020, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $34.8 million, of which $3.2 million reduce our borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility. The letters of credit expire at various dates between October 2020 and January 2033.

Debt Covenants

The Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 5 to Notes of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report), our bond indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness contain certain restrictive financial and operating covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to complete acquisitions, pay cash dividends, incur indebtedness, make investments, sell assets and take certain other corporate actions. The covenants do not contain a rating trigger. Therefore, a change in our debt rating would not trigger a default under the Credit Agreement, our bond indentures or other agreements governing our indebtedness. The Credit Agreement requires that we satisfy a fixed charge coverage ratio, a net total lease adjusted leverage ratio and a net secured debt lease adjusted leverage ratio on a quarterly basis and our bond indentures require that, among other things, we satisfy a leverage ratio (not lease adjusted) or a fixed charge coverage ratio (not lease adjusted), as a condition to taking actions such as paying dividends and incurring indebtedness.

The Credit Agreement uses EBITDAR-based calculations and the bond indentures use EBITDA-based calculations as the primary measures of financial performance for purposes of calculating leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios. The bond indenture EBITDA-based calculations include our consolidated subsidiaries, other than those we have designated as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” as defined in the bond indentures. Generally, the Credit Agreement and the bond indentures use a trailing four fiscal quarter basis for purposes of the relevant calculations and require certain adjustments and exclusions for purposes of those calculations which make the calculation of financial performance for purposes of those calculations under the Credit Agreement and bond indentures not directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA as presented herein. These adjustments can be significant. For example, the calculation of financial performance under the Credit Agreement and the 47/8% Notes due 2029 includes (subject to specified exceptions and caps) adjustments for non-cash charges and for expected benefits associated with (i) completed acquisitions, (ii) certain executed lease agreements associated with our data center business that have yet to commence, and (iii) restructuring and other strategic initiatives, such as Project Summit. The calculation of financial performance under our other bond indentures includes, for example, adjustments for non-cash charges and for expected benefits associated with (i) completed acquisitions, and (ii) to exclude the effects of events that are extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

54
Our leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios under the Credit Agreement and our indentures as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:
 September 30, 2020Maximum/Minimum Allowable
Net total lease adjusted leverage ratio5.3 Maximum allowable of 6.5
Net secured debt lease adjusted leverage ratio2.0 Maximum allowable of 4.0
Fixed charge coverage ratio2.4 Minimum allowable of 1.5
Bond leverage ratio (not lease adjusted)5.9 Maximum allowable of 7.0(1)
Bond fixed charge coverage ratio (not lease adjusted)3.3 Minimum allowable of 2.0(1)
______________________________________________________________
(1)The maximum leverage ratio permitted under our indentures for the GBP Notes, the 47/8% Notes due 2027, the 51/4% Notes due 2028 and the 47/8% Notes due 2029 is 7.0. As of September 30, 2020, we no longer have any indentures subject to a maximum leverage ratio of 6.5. The indentures for the 5% Notes, the 51/4% Notes due 2030, the 41/2% Notes and the 55/8% Notes do not include a maximum leverage ratio covenant; the indentures for these notes instead require us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 2.0. In certain instances as provided in our indentures, we have the ability to incur additional indebtedness that would result in our bond leverage ratio or bond fixed charge coverage ratio exceeding or falling below the maximum or minimum permitted ratio under our indentures and still remain in compliance with the applicable covenant.

Noncompliance with these leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.
_______________________________________________________________________________

Our ability to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, working capital levels and capital structure, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors which may be beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash flow from our operations or that future financings will be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to enable us to service or refinance our indebtedness or to make necessary capital expenditures.

Derivative Instruments

a.    Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In July 2019, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap agreements to limit our exposure to changes in interest rates on a portion of our floating rate indebtedness once our current interest rate swap agreements expire in March 2022. The forward-starting interest rate swap agreements have $350.0 million in notional value, commence in March 2022 and expire in March 2024. Under the swap agreements we will receive variable rate interest payments based upon one-month LIBOR, in exchange for the payment of fixed interest rates as specified in the interest rate swap agreements. We have designated these interest rate swap agreements as cash flow hedges.

b.    Cross-Currency Swap Agreements

We enter into cross-currency swap agreements to hedge the variability of exchange rate impacts between the United States dollar and the Euro. The cross-currency swap agreements are designated as a hedge of net investment against certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries and require an exchange of the notional amounts at maturity.

In September 2020, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements whereby we notionally exchanged approximately $359.2 million at an interest rate of 4.5% for approximately 300.0 million Euros at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.4%. These cross-currency swap agreements expire in February 2026.

In August 2019, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements whereby we notionally exchanged approximately $110.0 million at an interest rate of 6.0% for approximately 99.1 million Euros at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.65%. These cross-currency swap agreements expire in August 2023.

See Note 3 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information on our derivative instruments.
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Equity Financing

In 2017, we entered into a distribution agreement pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $500.0 million of our common stock through the agents under the agreement (the “At The Market (ATM) Equity Program”). During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were no shares of common stock sold under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program. As of September 30, 2020, the remaining aggregate sale price of shares of our common stock available for distribution under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program was approximately $431.2 million.

Acquisitions and Joint Ventures

See Note 4 and Note 11 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for information regarding our 2020 acquisitions and joint ventures.

a.    OSG Acquisition

On January 9, 2020, we completed the OSG Acquisition for cash consideration of approximately $95.5 million. The OSG Acquisition enabled us to extend our Global RIM Business in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Armenia. The results of OSG are fully consolidated within our condensed consolidated financial statements from the closing date of the OSG Acquisition.

b.    Glenbeigh Acquisition

On February 17, 2020, in order to enhance our existing operations in the United Arab Emirates, we acquired Glenbeigh Records Management DWC-LLC, a storage and records management company, for total cash consideration of approximately $29.1 million.

c.    MakeSpace Capital Contribution

During 2019, we formed a joint venture entity with MakeSpace Labs, Inc. (the "MakeSpace JV"). In the second quarter of 2020, we committed to participate in a round of equity funding for the MakeSpace JV whereby we agreed to contribute $36.0 million of the $45.0 million being raised in installments beginning in May 2020 through October 2021. Our equity interest in the MakeSpace JV at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 37% and 34%, respectively, and the carrying value of our investment in the MakeSpace JV at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was approximately $15.8 million and $18.6 million, respectively.

d.     Frankfurt Joint Venture

On October 1, 2020, we formed a joint venture (the “Frankfurt JV Transaction”) with AGC Equity Partners (“AGC”) to design and develop a 280,000 square foot, 27 megawatt, hyperscale data center currently under development in Frankfurt, Germany (the “Frankfurt JV”). AGC acquired an 80% equity interest in the Frankfurt JV, while we retained a 20% equity interest (the “Frankfurt JV Investment”). The total cash consideration for the 80% equity interest sold to AGC was approximately $100.0 million. The substantial majority of the consideration was received upon the closing of the Frankfurt JV, and we are entitled to receive an additional approximately $10.0 million upon the completion of development of the data center, which we expect to occur in the second quarter of 2021. In connection with the Frankfurt JV Transaction, we also entered into agreements whereby we will earn various fees, including property management and construction and development fees, for services we are providing to the Frankfurt JV.

The assets included in the Frankfurt JV Transaction have a carrying value of approximately $100.0 million at September 30, 2020, and are primarily land and land development assets which are included within our Global Data Center Business segment. The assets are classified as held for sale and are included within Other, a component of Other assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2020.

During the fourth quarter of 2020, we expect to recognize a gain of approximately $25.0 million associated with the Frankfurt JV Transaction, representing the excess of the fair value of the consideration received over the carrying value of the assets. The gain remains subject to customary closing adjustments.

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Contractual Obligations

We expect to meet our cash flow requirements for the next twelve months by utilizing cash on hand, cash generated from operations, borrowings under the Credit Agreement and other financings (including the issuance of equity under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program). We expect to meet our long-term cash flow requirements using the same resources described above.

Inflation

Certain of our expenses, such as wages and benefits, insurance, occupancy costs and equipment repair and replacement, are subject to normal inflationary pressures. Although to date we have been able to offset inflationary cost increases with increased operating efficiencies, the negotiation of favorable long-term real estate leases and an ability to increase prices in our customer contracts (many of which contain provisions for inflationary price escalators), we can give no assurance that we will be able to offset any future inflationary cost increases through similar efficiencies, leases or increased storage rental or service charges.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term "disclosure controls and procedures" is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These rules refer to the controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information is recorded, processed, accumulated, summarized, communicated and reported to management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding what is required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files under the Exchange Act. As of September 30, 2020 (the "Evaluation Date"), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. In March 2020, many of our employees began working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We have not implemented any material changes in our internal control over financial reporting due to the changes in the way we are working. We are monitoring and assessing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to determine any potential impacts on the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.


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Part II.    Other Information

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not sell any unregistered equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2020, nor did we repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Item 6. Exhibits

(a)    Exhibits

Certain exhibits indicated below are incorporated by reference to documents we have filed with the SEC.
Exhibit No.Description
4.1 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 18, 2020.)
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
32.2 
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
58
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
By:/s/ DANIEL BORGES
Daniel Borges
 Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer
Dated: November 5, 2020
59

What is the market capitalization of a company?

The market capitalization sometimes referred as Marketcap, is the value of a publicly listed company.
In most cases it can be easily calculated by multiplying the share price with the amount of outstanding shares.

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