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Fair Value Measurements
Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS No. 157”), which establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework, and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. However, in February 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 (“FSP No. 157-2”), which deferred the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for one year for non-financial assets and liabilities, except for certain items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). We are currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 157 on our Consolidated Financial Statements for items within the scope of FSP No. 157-2, which will become effective on January 1, 2009.
Fair Value Hierarchy
The three-level fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements defined by SFAS No. 157 is as follows:
Fair Value Techniques
Our valuation techniques are applied to all of the assets and liabilities carried at fair value as of January 1, 2008, upon adoption of SFAS No. 157. Where available, the fair values are based upon quoted prices in active markets. However, if quoted prices are not available, then the fair values are based upon quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or independently sourced market parameters, such as credit default swap spreads, yields curves, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, interest rates and benchmark securities. For assets and liabilities with a lack of observable market activity, if any, the fair values are based upon discounted cash flow methodologies incorporating assumptions that, in our judgment, reflect the assumptions a marketplace participant would use. To ensure that financial assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value, valuation adjustments may be required to reflect the creditworthiness of either party and constraints on liquidity. Where appropriate, these amounts were incorporated into our valuations as of March 31, 2008, the measurement date.
Our adoption of SFAS No. 157 has resulted in changes to the valuation techniques used when determining the fair value of our derivative instruments. These derivatives are primarily valued using estimated future cash flows that are based directly on observed prices from exchange-traded derivatives. We also take into account the counterparty’s creditworthiness, or our own creditworthiness, as appropriate. The calculation of the credit adjustment for derivatives is based upon observable credit default swap spreads and interpolation between these observable spreads for interim periods without observable spreads; however, these inputs are insignificant to the fair value measurement. The effect of adopting these changes to the valuation techniques resulted in a net credit adjustment to the fair value of our derivative instruments of $0.1 million as of March 31, 2008, the measurement date.
The majority of our short-term investments are managed by professional investment advisors. The net asset values are furnished in statements received from the investment advisor and reflect valuations based upon the respective pricing policies utilized by the investment advisor. We have assessed the classification of the inputs used to value these investments as Level 2 through examination of pricing policies and significant inputs and through discussions with investment managers. The fair values of our short-term investments are based on several observable inputs including, but not limited to, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 resulted in no net changes to the valuations for these securities.
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