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Mechanics Bancorp
MCHB
#3828
Rank
$3.28 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$14.84
Share price
-0.80%
Change (1 day)
33.21%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. Mechanics Bancorp
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Submitted on 2024-05-09

Mechanics Bancorp - 10-Q quarterly report FY


Text size:
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
________________________________ 
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2024
OR
☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number: 001-35424
________________________________ 
HOMESTREET, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
91-0186600
Washington 91-0186600
(State of Incorporation)(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
601 Union Street, Suite 2000
Seattle, Washington 98101
98101
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(206) 623-3050
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common StockHMSTNasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒   No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
 
Large Accelerated Filer 
☐
Accelerated Filer 
☒

Non-accelerated Filer 
☐
Smaller Reporting Company 
☒

Emerging Growth Company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐  No ☒
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock as of May 2, 2024 was 18,857,566.
1

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
3
Consolidated Income Statements for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9
ITEM 2
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
41
ITEM 3
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
57
ITEM 4
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
60
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
60
ITEM 1A
RISK FACTORS
61
ITEM 2
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
63
ITEM 3
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
63
ITEM 4
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
63
ITEM 5
OTHER INFORMATION
63
ITEM 6
EXHIBITS
64
SIGNATURES
65

Unless we state otherwise or the content otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q to "HomeStreet," "we," "our," "us" or the "Company" refer collectively to HomeStreet, Inc., a Washington corporation, HomeStreet Bank ("Bank") and other direct and indirect subsidiaries of HomeStreet, Inc.

2

PART I
ITEM 1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands, except share data)(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
$320,327 $215,664 
Investment securities
1,191,108 1,278,268 
Loans held for sale ("LHFS")
21,102 19,637 
Loans held for investment ("LHFI") (net of allowance for credit losses of $39,677 and $40,500)
7,405,052 7,382,404 
Mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs")102,919 104,236 
Premises and equipment, net56,171 53,582 
Other real estate owned ("OREO")3,117 3,667 
Intangible assets9,016 9,641 
Other assets346,370 325,351 
Total assets$9,455,182 $9,392,450 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits$6,491,102 $6,763,378 
Borrowings2,094,000 1,745,000 
Long-term debt224,857 224,766 
Accounts payable and other liabilities117,890 120,919 
Total liabilities8,927,849 8,854,063 
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock, no par value, authorized 160,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 18,857,566 shares and 18,810,055 shares
230,814 229,889 
Retained earnings387,860 395,357 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(91,341)(86,859)
Total shareholders' equity527,333 538,387 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$9,455,182 $9,392,450 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
3

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)20242023
Interest income:
Loans$86,256 $82,538 
Investment securities10,714 12,763 
Cash, Fed Funds and other5,571 1,750 
Total interest income
102,541 97,051 
Interest expense:
Deposits42,607 29,370 
Borrowings27,783 18,305 
Total interest expense
70,390 47,675 
Net interest income
32,151 49,376 
Provision for credit losses— 593 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
32,151 48,783 
Noninterest income:
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities2,306 2,410 
Loan servicing income 3,032 3,039 
Deposit fees2,241 2,658 
Other1,875 2,083 
Total noninterest income
9,454 10,190 
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and benefits28,011 29,253 
Information services7,342 7,145 
Occupancy5,434 5,738 
General, administrative and other11,377 10,355 
Total noninterest expense
52,164 52,491 
Income (loss) before income taxes(10,559)6,482 
Income tax (benefit) expense (3,062)1,424 
Net income (loss)$(7,497)$5,058 
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic $(0.40)$0.27 
Diluted
(0.40)0.27 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic
18,856,87018,755,453
Diluted
18,856,87018,771,899

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
4

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
 
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Net income (loss)$(7,497)$5,058 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities available for sale ("AFS")(5,759)17,375 
Reclassification for net (gains) losses included in income— (3)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax(5,759)17,372 
Income tax impact of:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities AFS(1,277)3,601 
Reclassification for net (gains) losses included in income
— (1)
Total
(1,277)3,600 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(4,482)13,772 
Total comprehensive income (loss)$(11,979)$18,830 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
5

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)Number
of shares		Common stockRetained
earnings		Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)		Total shareholders' equity
For the quarter ended March 31, 2023
Balance, December 31, 2022
18,730,380 $226,592 $435,085 $(99,530)$562,147 
Net income— — 5,058 — 5,058 
Share-based compensation expense— 1,016 — — 1,016 
Common stock issued - Stock grants50,426 — — — — 
Other comprehensive income — — — 13,772 13,772 
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.35 per share)
— — (6,684)— (6,684)
Common stock repurchased
(12,995)(315)— — (315)
Balance, March 31, 2023
18,767,811 $227,293 $433,459 $(85,758)$574,994 
For the quarter ended March 31, 2024
Balance, December 31, 2023
18,810,055 $229,889 $395,357 $(86,859)$538,387 
Net income (loss)— — (7,497)— (7,497)
Share-based compensation expense— 1,059 — — 1,059 
Common stock issued - Stock grants60,483 — — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — (4,482)(4,482)
Common stock repurchased
(12,972)(134)— — (134)
Balance, March 31, 2024
18,857,566 $230,814 $387,860 $(91,341)$527,333 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

6

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) 
Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)$(7,497)$5,058 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses— 593 
Depreciation and amortization, premises and equipment1,661 1,879 
Amortization of premiums and discounts: investment securities, deposits, debt499 49 
Operating leases: excess of payments over amortization(772)(860)
Amortization of finance leases50 126 
Amortization of core deposit intangibles625 588 
Amortization of deferred loan fees and costs(29)(189)
Share-based compensation expense1,059 1,016 
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense(1,189)614 
Origination of LHFS(79,806)(78,908)
Proceeds from sale of LHFS79,033 72,566 
Net fair value adjustment and gain on sale of LHFS(419)(584)
Origination of MSRs(895)(756)
Change in fair value of MSRs810 1,995 
Amortization of servicing rights1,402 1,554 
Net change in trading securities(3,048)(43,045)
Increase in other assets
(8,813)(2,871)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities9,484 (10,415)
Net cash used in operating activities(7,845)(51,590)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of investment securities
— (53,232)
Proceeds from sale of investment securities— 4,693 
Principal payments on investment securities
83,153 32,445 
Net increase in LHFI(22,624)(39,408)
Purchase of premises and equipment(6,058)(855)
Net cash received from acquisition of branches— 349,111 
Proceeds from sale of Federal Home Loan Bank stock30,287 34,840 
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock(48,716)(58,726)
Net cash provided by investing activities36,042 268,868 
7

Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Decrease in deposits, net
(272,487)(768,262)
Changes in short-term borrowings, net184,000 562,000 
Proceeds from other long-term borrowings585,000 300,000 
Repayment of other long-term borrowings(420,000)— 
Repayment of finance lease principal(47)(129)
Dividends paid on common stock— (6,684)
Net cash provided by financing activities76,466 86,925 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents104,663 304,203 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year215,664 72,828 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$320,327 $377,031 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest $70,701 $47,775 
Federal and state income taxes(414)— 
Non-cash activities:
Increase in lease assets and lease liabilities959 1,031 
Loans transferred from LHFI to LHFS, net273 — 
Ginnie Mae loans recognized with the right to repurchase, net323 — 
Ginnie Mae loans derecognized with the right to repurchase, net— 1,235 
Repurchase of common stock-award shares134 315 
Acquisition:
Loans acquired— 20,803 
Premises and equipment and other assets— 5,819 
Liabilities assumed— 373,547 
Goodwill and other intangibles— 22,470 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
8


HomeStreet, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1–SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

HomeStreet, Inc., a State of Washington corporation organized in 1921 (the "Corporation"), is a Washington-based diversified financial services holding company whose operations are primarily conducted through its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively the "Company") HomeStreet Statutory Trusts and HomeStreet Bank (the "Bank"), and the Bank's subsidiaries, Continental Escrow Company, HomeStreet Foundation, HS Properties, Inc., HS Evergreen Corporate Center LLC, and Union Street Holdings LLC. The Company is principally engaged in commercial banking, mortgage banking and consumer/retail banking activities serving customers primarily in the Western United States.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company allocates resources and assesses financial performance on a consolidated basis and therefore has one reporting segment. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Certain amounts in the financial statements from prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation.

These unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results of operations in the interim financial statements do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K"), filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Branch Acquisition

On February 10, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of three branches in southern California, whereby we assumed approximately $376 million in deposits and purchased approximately $21 million in loans. The application of the acquisition method of accounting resulted in recording goodwill of $12 million and a core deposit intangible of $11 million.

Recent Accounting Developments

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.” ASU 2023-02 permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. ASU 2023-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. We adopted ASU 2023-02 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative." The amendments in ASU 2023-06 modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification, with the intention of clarifying or improving them and align the requirements in the codification with the SEC's regulations (and will be removed from the SEC regulations). ASU 2023-06 should be adopted prospectively and the effective date varies and is determined for each individual disclosure based on the effective date of the SEC's removal of the related disclosure. ASU 2023-06 will not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operation as it is disclosure only.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and requires more enhanced information about a reportable segment’s expenses, interim segment profit or loss, and how a public entity’s chief operating decision maker uses reported segment profit or loss information in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. ASU 2023-07 will not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operation as it impacts disclosures only. We are assessing the impact on our disclosures.
9



In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-09 will not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operation as it impacts disclosures only. We are assessing the impact on our disclosures.

NOTE 2–INVESTMENT SECURITIES:
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the amortized cost basis and fair values of our investment securities AFS and held-to-maturity ("HTM"): 
At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Amortized
cost		Gross
unrealized
gains		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value
AFS
Mortgage backed securities ("MBS"):
Residential$189,366 $106 $(10,881)$178,591 
Commercial55,083 — (7,613)47,470 
Collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"):
Residential407,152 24 (35,516)371,660 
Commercial62,702 — (6,000)56,702 
Municipal bonds449,327 231 (51,458)398,100 
Corporate debt securities41,159 5 (6,012)35,152 
U.S. Treasury securities22,571 — (2,675)19,896 
Agency debentures54,837 — (1,400)53,437 
Total$1,282,197 $366 $(121,555)$1,161,008 
HTM
   Municipal bonds$2,354 $— $(49)$2,305 

At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Amortized
cost		Gross
unrealized
gains		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value
AFS
MBS:
Residential$194,141 $117 $(10,460)$183,798 
Commercial55,235 — (7,479)47,756 
CMOs:
Residential473,269 8 (33,539)439,738 
Commercial63,456 — (6,059)57,397 
 Municipal bonds452,057 670 (47,853)404,874 
 Corporate debt securities45,611 34 (7,098)38,547 
 U.S. Treasury securities22,658 — (2,474)20,184 
 Agency debentures60,202 5 (1,302)58,905 
Total$1,366,629 $834 $(116,264)$1,251,199 
HTM
   Municipal bonds
$2,371 $— $(40)$2,331 

At March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company held $28 million and $25 million, respectively, of trading securities, consisting of US Treasury notes used as economic hedges of our single family mortgage servicing rights, which are carried at
10


fair value and included with investment securities on the balance sheet. For the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, net losses of $0.6 million and net gains of $0.6 million on trading securities, respectively, were recorded in servicing income.

MBS and CMOs represent securities issued or guaranteed by government sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"). Most of the MBS and CMO securities in our investment portfolio are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae or Freddie Mac. Municipal bonds are comprised of general obligation bonds (i.e., backed by the general credit of the issuer) and revenue bonds (i.e., backed by either collateral or revenues from the specific project being financed) issued by various municipal corporations. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, substantially all securities held, including municipal bonds and corporate debt securities, were rated investment grade based upon nationally recognized statistical rating organizations where available and, where not available, based upon internal ratings.

Investment securities AFS that were in an unrealized loss position are presented in the following tables based on the length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position:

At March 31, 2024
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
(in thousands)Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value
AFS
MBS:
Residential
$(2)$722 $(10,879)$171,977 $(10,881)$172,699 
Commercial— — (7,613)47,470 (7,613)47,470 
CMOs:
Residential(51)14,896 (35,465)346,156 (35,516)361,052 
Commercial— — (6,000)56,702 (6,000)56,702 
Municipal bonds(109)15,526 (51,349)361,384 (51,458)376,910 
Corporate debt securities— — (6,012)25,147 (6,012)25,147 
U.S. Treasury securities— — (2,675)19,896 (2,675)19,896 
Agency debentures(3)4,997 (1,397)48,440 (1,400)53,437 
Total$(165)$36,141 $(121,390)$1,077,172 $(121,555)$1,113,313 
HTM
Municipal bonds$— $— $(49)$2,305 $(49)$2,305 

11


At December 31, 2023
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
(in thousands)Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Gross
unrealized
losses		Fair
value
AFS
MBS:
Residential$(3)$1,145 $(10,457)$177,393 $(10,460)$178,538 
Commercial— 61 (7,479)47,695 (7,479)47,756 
CMOs:
Residential(368)83,815 (33,171)348,914 (33,539)432,729 
Commercial— — (6,059)57,397 (6,059)57,397 
Municipal bonds(73)7,489 (47,780)364,775 (47,853)372,264 
Corporate debt securities— — (7,098)28,513 (7,098)28,513 
U.S. Treasury securities— — (2,474)20,184 (2,474)20,184 
Agency debentures(135)42,897 (1,167)11,003 (1,302)53,900 
Total$(579)$135,407 $(115,685)$1,055,874 $(116,264)$1,191,281 
HTM
Municipal bonds$— $— $(40)$2,331 $(40)$2,331 

The Company has evaluated AFS securities in an unrealized loss position and has determined the decline in value is temporary and is related to the change in market interest rates since purchase. The decline in value is not related to any issuer- or industry-specific credit event. The Company has not identified any expected credit losses on its debt securities as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The Company bases this conclusion in part on its periodic review of the credit ratings of the AFS securities or reviews of the financial condition of the issuers. In addition, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had not made a decision to sell any of its debt securities held, nor did the Company consider it more likely than not that it would be required to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

The following tables present the fair value of investment securities AFS and HTM by contractual maturity along with the associated contractual yield:
 At March 31, 2024
 Within one yearAfter one year
through five years		After five years
through ten years		After
ten years		Total
(dollars in thousands)Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield
AFS          
   Municipal bonds$— — %$5,847 1.84 %$64,423 3.24 %$327,830 3.00 %$398,100 3.02 %
   Corporate debt securities
— — %13,867 4.87 %21,285 4.07 %— — %35,152 4.38 %
   U.S. Treasury securities
— — %19,896 1.13 %— — %— — %19,896 1.13 %
   Agency debentures16,962 5.00 %25,933 5.26 %7,398 2.13 %3,144 2.14 %53,437 4.56 %
Total$16,962 5.00 %$65,543 3.62 %$93,106 3.34 %$330,974 2.99 %$506,585 3.20 %
HTM
   Municipal bonds$— — %$2,305 2.28 %$— — %$— — %$2,305 2.28 %

12


 At December 31, 2023
 Within one yearAfter one year
through five years		After five years
through ten years		After
ten years		Total
(dollars in thousands)Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair
Value		Weighted
Average
Yield
AFS
   Municipal bonds
$— — %$5,856 1.84 %$60,775 3.36 %$338,243 3.01 %$404,874 3.04 %
   Corporate debt securities
4,425 3.53 %12,714 4.95 %21,408 3.89 %— — %38,547 4.21 %
   U.S. Treasury securities
— — %20,184 1.14 %— — %— — %20,184 1.14 %
Agency debentures16,977 4.93 %30,925 5.20 %7,758 2.15 %3,245 2.17 %58,905 4.51 %
Total$21,402 4.64 %$69,679 3.64 %$89,941 3.40 %$341,488 3.00 %$522,510 3.21 %
HTM
   Municipal bonds$— — %$2,331 2.29 %$— — %$— — %$2,331 2.29 %

The weighted-average yield is computed using the contractual coupon of each security weighted based on the fair value of each security. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. MBS and CMOs are excluded from the tables above because such securities are not due on a single maturity date. The weighted average yield of MBS and CMOs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 3.09% and 3.21%, respectively.

Sales of AFS investment securities were as follows:
Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Proceeds$— $4,693 
Gross gains— 3 
Gross losses— — 

The following table summarizes the carrying value of securities pledged as collateral to secure public deposits, borrowings and other purposes as permitted or required by law:

(in thousands)At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
Federal Reserve Bank to secure borrowings$581,314 $647,104 
Washington, Oregon and California to secure public deposits10,654 10,654 
Other securities pledged1,410 1,440 
Total securities pledged as collateral$593,378 $659,198 

The Company assesses the creditworthiness of the counterparties that hold the pledged collateral and has determined that these arrangements have little credit risk.

Tax-exempt interest income on investment securities was $2.8 million for each of the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
13


NOTE 3-LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY:
The Company's LHFI is divided into two portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans. Within each portfolio segment, the Company monitors and assesses credit risk based on the risk characteristics of each of the following loan classes: non-owner occupied commercial real estate ("CRE"), multifamily, construction and land development, owner occupied CRE and commercial business loans within the commercial loan portfolio segment and single family and home equity and other loans within the consumer loan portfolio segment. LHFI consists of the following:
(in thousands)At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$633,401 $641,885 
Multifamily3,929,679 3,940,189 
Construction/land development575,152 565,916 
Total5,138,232 5,147,990 
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied CRE381,943 391,285 
Commercial business387,464 359,049 
Total
769,407 750,334 
Consumer loans
Single family1,149,940 1,140,279 
Home equity and other387,150 384,301 
Total (1)
1,537,090 1,524,580 
Total LHFI 7,444,729 7,422,904 
Allowance for credit losses ("ACL")(39,677)(40,500)
Total LHFI less ACL
$7,405,052 $7,382,404 
(1)    Includes $1.3 million at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated income statements.

Loans totaling $5.1 billion at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and loans totaling $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRBSF").

Credit Risk Concentrations

LHFI are primarily secured by real estate located in the Pacific Northwest, California and Hawaii. At March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 single family loans in the state of Washington represented 11% of the total LHFI portfolio. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, multifamily loans in the state of California represented 36% of the total LHFI portfolio.

Credit Quality
Management considers the level of ACL to be appropriate to cover credit losses expected over the life of the loans for the LHFI portfolio. The cumulative loss rate used as the basis for the estimate of credit losses is comprised of the Bank’s historical loss experience and eight qualitative factors for current and forecasted periods.
As of March 31, 2024, the historical expected loss rates decreased when compared to December 31, 2023 due to product mix risk composition changes. During the first quarter of 2024 the qualitative factors decreased due to economic conditions and improved single-family collateral forecasts offset slightly by deteriorated commercial collateral conditions. Additionally, over the two-year forecast period in the markets in which it operates, the Bank expects neutral economic forecasts, offset slightly by near-term deterioration in commercial collateral forecasts.

In addition to the ACL for LHFI, the Company maintains a separate allowance for unfunded loan commitments which is included in accounts payable and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. The allowance for unfunded commitments was $1.6 million and $1.8 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
14


The Bank has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the evaluation of the ACL. Accrued interest on LHFI was $29.2 million and $28.9 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was reported in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Activity in the ACL for LHFI and the allowance for unfunded commitments was as follows:
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Beginning balance
$40,500 $41,500 
Provision for credit losses242 589
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(1,065)(589)
Ending balance$39,677 $41,500 
Allowance for unfunded commitments:
Beginning balance$1,823 $2,197 
Provision for credit losses(242)4 
Ending balance$1,581 $2,201 
Provision for credit losses:
Allowance for credit losses - loans$242 $589 
Allowance for unfunded commitments(242)4 
Total$— $593 

15



Activity in the ACL for LHFI by loan portfolio and loan sub-class was as follows:

Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Beginning balanceCharge-offsRecoveriesProvision Ending balance
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$2,610 $— $— $(479)$2,131 
Multifamily13,093 — — 5,854 18,947 
Construction/land development
Multifamily construction3,983 — — (2,362)1,621 
CRE construction189 — — (1)188 
Single family construction7,365 — — (1,787)5,578 
Single family construction to permanent672 — — (237)435 
Total27,912 — — 988 28,900 
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied CRE899 — — (63)836 
Commercial business2,950 (1,081)1 776 2,646 
     Total 3,849 (1,081)1 713 3,482 
Consumer loans
Single family5,287 — 2 (1,016)4,273 
Home equity and other3,452 (24)37 (443)3,022 
Total8,739 (24)39 (1,459)7,295 
Total ACL$40,500 $(1,105)$40 $242 $39,677 


Quarter Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Beginning balanceCharge-offsRecoveriesProvision
Ending balance
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$2,102 $— $— $506 $2,608 
Multifamily10,974 — — (1,187)9,787 
Construction/land development
Multifamily construction998 — — 347 1,345 
CRE construction196 — — 8 204 
Single family construction12,418 — — 107 12,525 
Single family construction to permanent1,171 — — 40 1,211 
Total27,859 — — (179)27,680 
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied CRE1,030 — — (120)910 
Commercial business3,247 (633)24 778 3,416 
     Total 4,277 (633)24 658 4,326 
Consumer loans
Single family5,610 — 15 179 5,804 
Home equity and other3,754 (50)55 (69)3,690 
Total9,364 (50)70 110 9,494 
Total ACL$41,500 $(683)$94 $589 $41,500 






16



The following table presents a vintage analysis of the commercial portfolio segment by loan sub-class and risk rating or delinquency status.
At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)202420232022202120202019 and priorRevolvingRevolving-termTotal
COMMERCIAL PORTFOLIO
Non-owner occupied CRE
Pass$— $1,485 $70,344 $71,952 $40,897 $396,782 $605 $— $582,065 
Special Mention— — — — — 34,341 — — 34,341 
Substandard— — — — — 16,435 560 — 16,995 
Total— 1,485 70,344 71,952 40,897 447,558 1,165 — 633,401 
Multifamily
Pass1,749 106,521 1,810,939 1,149,694 473,507 355,554 — — 3,897,964 
Special Mention— — — 3,942 12,820 8,660 — — 25,422 
Substandard— — — — — 6,293 — — 6,293 
Total1,749 106,521 1,810,939 1,153,636 486,327 370,507 — — 3,929,679 
Multifamily construction
Pass— 9,013 54,134 119,609 — — — — 182,756 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — 10,374 — — — — — 10,374 
Total— 9,013 64,508 119,609 — — — — 193,130 
CRE construction
Pass— 6 — 14,686 — — — — 14,692 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — 3,824 — — — 3,824 
Total— 6 — 14,686 3,824 — — — 18,516 
Single family construction
Pass28,174 72,899 21,050 10,036 — 71 146,445 — 278,675 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total28,174 72,899 21,050 10,036 — 71 146,445 — 278,675 
Single family construction to permanent
Current
781 29,592 40,126 12,223 2,109 — — — 84,831 
Past due:
30-59 days
— — — — — — — — — 
60-89 days
— — — — — — — — — 
90+ days
— — — — — — — — — 
Total781 29,592 40,126 12,223 2,109 — — — 84,831 
Owner occupied CRE
Pass1,002 11,398 61,519 38,795 43,039 173,406 — 187 329,346 
Special Mention— 1,851 6,238 8,077 — 31,735 — — 47,901 
Substandard— — — — — 4,696 — — 4,696 
Total1,002 13,249 67,757 46,872 43,039 209,837 — 187 381,943 
Commercial business
Pass25,923 17,625 44,752 25,010 32,020 38,288 170,397 924 354,939 
Special Mention— — 11,033 3,515 — 511 2,762 — 17,821 
Substandard— — 273 1,106 7,342 4,905 1,023 55 14,704 
Total25,923 17,625 56,058 29,631 39,362 43,704 174,182 979 387,464 
Total commercial portfolio
$57,629 $250,390 $2,130,782 $1,458,645 $615,558 $1,071,677 $321,792 $1,166 $5,907,639 
17


The following table presents a vintage analysis of the consumer portfolio segment by loan sub-class and delinquency status:
At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)202420232022202120202019 and priorRevolvingRevolving-termTotal
CONSUMER PORTFOLIO
Single family
Current
$576 $31,388 $370,769 $314,411 $145,739 $284,386 $— $— $1,147,269 
Past due:
30-59 days
— — — — — 1,298 — — 1,298 
60-89 days
— — — — 371 461 — — 832 
90+ days
— — — — — 541 — — 541 
Total576 31,388 370,769 314,411 146,110 286,686 — — 1,149,940 
Home equity and other
Current
530 1,763 2,279 248 112 1,600 373,327 5,296 385,155 
Past due:
30-59 days
— 2 — 2 — — 646 80 730 
60-89 days
— — 2 — — — 68 — 70 
90+ days
— 8 2 — — 24 1,116 45 1,195 
Total530 1,773 2,283 250 112 1,624 375,157 5,421 387,150 
Total consumer portfolio (1)
$1,106 $33,161 $373,052 $314,661 $146,222 $288,310 $375,157 $5,421 $1,537,090 
Total LHFI$58,735 $283,551 $2,503,834 $1,773,306 $761,780 $1,359,987 $696,949 $6,587 $7,444,729 

(1)    Includes $1.3 million of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated income statements.


18


The following table presents a vintage analysis of the commercial portfolio segment by loan sub-class and risk rating or delinquency status:
At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolvingRevolving-termTotal
COMMERCIAL PORTFOLIO
Non-owner occupied CRE
Pass$1,499 $70,388 $71,217 $41,235 $118,900 $286,379 $601 $— $590,219 
Special Mention— — — — 686 34,177 — — 34,863 
Substandard— — — — 16,230 — 573 — 16,803 
Total1,499 70,388 71,217 41,235 135,816 320,556 1,174 — 641,885 
Multifamily
Pass108,274 1,813,647 1,151,677 475,708 189,567 177,712 — — 3,916,585 
Special Mention— — 3,942 12,887 2,368 1,344 — — 20,541 
Substandard— — — — — 3,063 — — 3,063 
Total108,274 1,813,647 1,155,619 488,595 191,935 182,119 — — 3,940,189 
Multifamily construction
Pass(198)56,013 112,234 — — — — — 168,049 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total(198)56,013 112,234 — — — — — 168,049 
CRE construction
Pass7 — 14,685 — — — — — 14,692 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — 3,821 — — — — 3,821 
Total7 — 14,685 3,821 — — — — 18,513 
Single family construction
Pass75,305 39,621 12,294 — — 72 146,758 — 274,050 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total75,305 39,621 12,294 — — 72 146,758 — 274,050 
Single family construction to permanent
Current27,114 56,469 19,871 1,850 — — — — 105,304 
Past due:
30-59 days — — — — — — — — — 
60-89 days — — — — — — — — — 
90+ days — — — — — — — — — 
Total27,114 56,469 19,871 1,850 — — — — 105,304 
Owner occupied CRE
Pass12,459 68,399 39,629 43,399 65,392 111,199 2 1,122 341,601 
Special Mention1,871 1,478 9,290 — 2,956 28,784 — — 44,379 
Substandard1 — — — 253 5,051 — — 5,305 
Total14,331 69,877 48,919 43,399 68,601 145,034 2 1,122 391,285 
Commercial business
Pass17,970 45,892 27,227 33,404 16,198 24,903 157,656 973 324,223 
Special Mention— 11,465 2,891 — 452 38 3,485 — 18,331 
Substandard— — 2,134 7,601 3,788 1,886 1,021 65 16,495 
Total17,970 57,357 32,252 41,005 20,438 26,827 162,162 1,038 359,049 
Total commercial portfolio$244,302 $2,163,372 $1,467,091 $619,905 $416,790 $674,608 $310,096 $2,160 $5,898,324 

19


The following table presents a vintage analysis of the consumer portfolio segment by loan sub-class and delinquency status:
At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolvingRevolving-termTotal
CONSUMER PORTFOLIO
Single family
Current
$27,011 $354,691 $313,866 $147,183 $49,126 $245,574 $— $— $1,137,451 
Past due:
30-59 days
— — — — — 781 — — 781 
60-89 days
— — — — — 1,374 — — 1,374 
90+ days
— — — — — 673 — — 673 
Total 27,011 354,691 313,866 147,183 49,126 248,402 — — 1,140,279 
Home equity and other
Current
2,165 2,493 311 121 46 1,631 370,462 5,483 382,712 
Past due:
30-59 days
8 2 — — — — 802 162 974 
60-89 days
1 3 — — — — 419 — 423 
90+ days
— — — — — 24 162 6 192 
Total2,174 2,498 311 121 46 1,655 371,845 5,651 384,301 
Total consumer portfolio (1)
$29,185 $357,189 $314,177 $147,304 $49,172 $250,057 $371,845 $5,651 $1,524,580 
Total LHFI$273,487 $2,520,561 $1,781,268 $767,209 $465,962 $924,665 $681,941 $7,811 $7,422,904 
(1)    Includes $1.3 million of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated income statements.

The following tables present a vintage analysis of the commercial and consumer portfolio segment by loan sub-class and gross charge-offs:
At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)202420232022202120202019 and priorRevolvingRevolving-termTotal
COMMERCIAL PORTFOLIO
Commercial business
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $(1,081)$— $— $(1,081)
CONSUMER PORTFOLIO
Home equity and other
Gross charge-offs— — (2)— — — (22)— (24)
Total LHFI$— $— $(2)$— $— $(1,081)$(22)$— $(1,105)

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolvingRevolving-termTotal
COMMERCIAL PORTFOLIO
Commercial business
Gross charge-offs$— $— $(184)$— $(1,136)$295 $13 $(50)$(1,062)
CONSUMER PORTFOLIO
Home equity and other
Gross charge-offs— (106)(22)— — (4)(187)— (319)
Total LHFI$— $(106)$(206)$— $(1,136)$291 $(174)$(50)$(1,381)
20


Collateral Dependent Loans
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan sub-class and collateral type:
At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)1-4 FamilyMultifamilyNon-residential real estateOther non-real estateTotal
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$561 — $16,240 $— $16,801 
Multifamily
— 1,915 — — 1,915 
Construction/land development
Multifamily construction
— 10,374 — — 10,374 
CRE construction— — 3,824 — 3,824 
Total561 12,289 20,064 — 32,914 
Commercial and industrial loans
Commercial business
2,675 — 4,420 3,748 10,843 
   Total
2,675 — 4,420 3,748 10,843 
Consumer loans
Single family
768 — — — 768 
   Total
768 — — — 768 
  Total collateral-dependent loans$4,004 $12,289 $24,484 $3,748 $44,525 
At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)1-4 FamilyMultifamilyNon-residential real estateOther non-real estateTotal
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$573 $— $16,230 $— $16,803 
Construction/land development
CRE construction— — 3,821 — 3,821 
Total573 — 20,051 — 20,624 
Commercial and industrial loans
Commercial business
2,788 — 5,471 4,587 12,846 
   Total
2,788 5,471 4,587 

12,846 
Consumer loans
Single family
773 — — — 773 
   Total
773 — — — 773 
Total collateral-dependent loans$4,134 $— $25,522 $4,587 $34,243 

21


Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
The following table presents nonaccrual status for loans:
At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Nonaccrual with no related ACLTotal NonaccrualNonaccrual with no related ACLTotal Nonaccrual
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$16,801 $16,801 $16,803 $16,803 
Multifamily
1,915 1,915 — — 
Construction/land development
Multifamily construction
10,374 10,374 — — 
CRE construction3,824 3,824 3,821 3,821 
Total32,914 32,914 20,624 20,624 
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied CRE686 686 706 706 
        Commercial business11,622 11,622 13,151 13,686 
Total
12,308 12,308 13,857 14,392 
Consumer loans
Single family
1,054 2,345 773 2,650 
Home equity and other— 1,900 — 1,310 
Total1,054 4,245 773 3,960 
Total nonaccrual loans$46,276 $49,467 $35,254 $38,976 

The following tables present an aging analysis of past due loans by loan portfolio segment and loan sub-class:
At March 31, 2024
Past Due and Still Accruing
(in thousands)30-59 days60-89 days90 days or
more		Nonaccrual
Total past
due and nonaccrual (1)
CurrentTotal
loans
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$— $— $— $16,801 $16,801 $616,600 $633,401 
Multifamily— — — 1,915 1,915 3,927,764 3,929,679 
Construction/land development
Multifamily construction— — — 10,374 10,374 182,756 193,130 
CRE construction— — — 3,824 3,824 14,692 18,516 
Single family construction— — — — — 278,675 278,675 
Single family construction to permanent— — — — — 84,831 84,831 
Total
— — — 32,914 32,914 5,105,318 5,138,232 
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied CRE— — — 686 686 381,257 381,943 
Commercial business— — — 11,622 11,622 375,842 387,464 
Total
— — — 12,308 12,308 757,099 769,407 
Consumer loans
Single family
4,621 2,565 3,794 (2)2,345 13,325 1,136,615 1,149,940 
Home equity and other728 65 — 1,900 2,693 384,457 387,150 
Total
5,349 2,630 3,794 4,245 16,018 1,521,072 1,537,090 (3)
Total loans$5,349 $2,630 $3,794 $49,467 $61,240 $7,383,489 $7,444,729 
%0.07 %0.04 %0.05 %0.66 %0.82 %99.18 %100.00 %
22


At December 31, 2023
Past Due and Still Accruing
(in thousands)30-59 days60-89 days90 days or
more		Nonaccrual
Total past
due and nonaccrual (1)
CurrentTotal
loans
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$— $— $— $16,803 $16,803 $625,082 $641,885 
Multifamily— 1,915 — — 1,915 3,938,274 3,940,189 
Construction/land development
Multifamily construction— — — — — 168,049 168,049 
CRE construction— — — 3,821 3,821 14,692 18,513 
Single family construction— — — — — 274,050 274,050 
Single family construction to permanent— — — — — 105,304 105,304 
Total
— 1,915 — 20,624 

22,539 5,125,451 5,147,990 
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied CRE— — — 706 706 390,579 391,285 
Commercial business— — — 13,686 13,686 345,363 359,049 
Total
— — — 14,392 14,392 735,942 750,334 
Consumer loans
Single family
5,174 1,993 4,261 (2)2,650 14,078 1,126,201 1,140,279 
Home equity and other974 225 — 1,310 2,509 381,792 384,301 
Total
6,148 2,218 4,261 3,960 16,587 1,507,993 1,524,580 (3)
Total loans$6,148 $4,133 $4,261 $38,976 $53,518 $7,369,386 $7,422,904 
%0.08 %0.05 %0.06 %0.53 %0.72 %99.28 %100.00 %
(1)     Includes loans whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA or Small Business Administration ("SBA") of $11.9 million and $12.4 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(2)    FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed single family loans that are 90 days or more past due are maintained on accrual status if they are determined to have little to no risk of loss.
(3)    Includes $1.3 million of loans at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in our consolidated income statements.

Loan Modifications

The Company provides modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty ("MBFD"), which may include delays in payment of amounts due, extension of the terms of the notes or reduction in the interest rates on the notes. In certain instances, the Company may grant more than one type of modification. The granting of modifications for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 did not have a material impact on the ACL. The following tables provide information related to loans modified for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of concession granted:

23


Significant Payment Delay
Quarter Ended March 31,
20242023
(in thousands, except percentages)Amortized Cost Basis at Period End% of Total Class of Financing ReceivableAmortized Cost Basis at Period End% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial business$103 0.03 %$— — %
Term Extension
Quarter Ended March 31,
20242023
(in thousands, except percentages)Amortized Cost Basis at Period End% of Total Class of Financing ReceivableAmortized Cost Basis at Period End% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Non-owner occupied CRE$560 0.09 %$— — %
Commercial business3,555 0.92 %— — %

Significant Payment Delay and Term Extension
Quarter Ended March 31,
20242023
(in thousands, except percentages)Amortized Cost Basis at Period End% of Total Class of Financing ReceivableAmortized Cost Basis at Period End% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Single family$1,156 0.10 %$179 0.02 %


The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:

Significant Payment Delay
Quarter Ended March 31,
20242023
Commercial business
The weighted average duration of loan payments deferred is 2.8 years.
—
Single Family
Provided payment deferrals to borrowers. A weighted average 2.5% of loan balances were capitalized and added to the remaining term of the loan.
Provided payment deferrals to borrowers. A weighted average 2.6% of loan balances were capitalized and added to the remaining term of the loan.
Term Extension
Quarter Ended March 31,
20242023
Non-owner occupied CRE
Added a weighted average 0.25 years to the life of loans, which reduced the monthly payment amounts to the borrowers.
—
Commercial business
Added a weighted average 0.4 years to the life of loans, which reduced the monthly payment amounts to the borrowers.
—
Single family
Added a weighted average 1.9 years to the life of loans, which reduced the monthly payment amounts to the borrowers.
Added a weighted average 14.2 years to the life of loans, which reduced the monthly payment amounts to the borrowers.

Upon determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

24


The following table depicts the payment status of loans that were classified as MBFDs on or after January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023:
Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) at March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Current30-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past Due
Non-owner occupied CRE$16,240 $— $— 
Construction/land development3,824 — — 
Commercial business8,663 — — 
Single family2,367 1,109 342 
Total$31,094 $1,109 $342 

The following table depicts the payment status of loans that were classified as MBFDs on or after January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022:

Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) at March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Current30-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past Due
Commercial business$1,355 $— $— 
Single family19,006 1,746 1,627 
Home equity and other119 — — 
Total$20,480 $1,746 $1,627 

The following table provides the amortized cost basis as of March 31, 2024 of MBFDs on or after January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023 and subsequently had a payment default:

Amortized Cost Basis of Modified Loans That Subsequently Defaulted
Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Significant Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionSignificant Payment Delay and Term ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction, Significant Payment Delay and Term Extension
Non-owner occupied CRE$— $— $— $16,240 $— 
Construction/land development— — — 3,824 — 
Commercial business— 4,420 — — — 
Single family241 — — 351 — 
Total$241 $4,420 $— $20,415 $— 

The following table provides the amortized cost basis as of March 31, 2023 of MBFDs on or after January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 and subsequently had a payment default:


Amortized Cost Basis of Modified Loans That Subsequently Defaulted
Quarter Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Significant Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionSignificant Payment Delay and Term ExtensionInterest Rate Reduction, Significant Payment Delay and Term Extension
Single family$— $— $— $2,030 $623 


25


NOTE 4–DEPOSITS:

Deposit balances, including their weighted average rates, were as follows: 

At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)AmountWeighted Average RateAmountWeighted Average Rate
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits$1,311,559 — %$1,306,503 — %
Interest bearing:
Interest-bearing demand deposits 330,301 0.23 %344,748 0.25 %
Savings 256,383 0.06 %261,508 0.06 %
Money market 1,536,341 1.67 %1,622,665 1.79 %
Certificates of deposit
Brokered deposits921,103 5.36 %1,218,008 5.36 %
Other2,135,415 4.32 %2,009,946 3.95 %
Total interest bearing deposits5,179,543 3.25 %5,456,875 3.19 %
Total deposits$6,491,102 2.59 %$6,763,378 2.58 %

There were $256 million and $255 million in public funds included in deposits at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Certificates of deposit outstanding mature as follows: 

(in thousands)March 31, 2024
Within one year$2,782,594 
One to two years260,104 
Two to three years5,025 
Three to four years7,262 
Four to five years1,418 
Thereafter115 
Total$3,056,518 

The aggregate amount of certificate of deposits in denominations of more than the FDIC limit of $250 thousand at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $277 million and $194 million, respectively.


NOTE 5–DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES:

To reduce the risk of significant interest rate fluctuations on the value of certain assets and liabilities, such as single family mortgage LHFS and MSRs, the Company utilizes derivatives as economic hedges. The notional amounts and fair values for derivatives, all of which are economic hedges are included in other assets or accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, consist of the following: 
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At March 31, 2024
Notional amountFair value derivatives
(in thousands) AssetLiability
Forward sale commitments$100,806 $196 $(234)
Interest rate lock commitments28,717 385 (49)
Interest rate swaps232,689 11,879 (11,880)
Futures4,300 — — 
Options5,300 6 — 
Total derivatives before netting$371,812 12,466 (12,163)
Netting adjustment/Cash collateral (1)
(11,926)26 
Carrying value on consolidated balance sheet$540 $(12,137)

At December 31, 2023
Notional amountFair value derivatives
(in thousands) AssetLiability
Forward sale commitments$87,509 $151 $(288)
Interest rate lock commitments21,790 411 — 
Interest rate swaps235,521 10,489 (10,492)
Futures12,200 — (3)
Options9,300 132 — 
Total derivatives before netting$366,320 $11,183 $(10,783)
Netting adjustment/Cash collateral (1)
(10,119)195 
Carrying value on consolidated balance sheet$1,064 $(10,588)
(1)    Includes net cash collateral received of $11.9 million and $9.9 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents gross fair value and net carrying value information for derivative instruments:

(in thousands)Gross fair value
Netting adjustments/ Cash collateral (1)
Carrying value
At March 31, 2024
Derivative assets$12,466 $(11,926)$540 
Derivative liabilities(12,163)26 (12,137)
At December 31, 2023
Derivative assets$11,183 $(10,119)$1,064 
Derivative liabilities(10,783)195 (10,588)
(1)    Includes net cash collateral received of $11.9 million and $9.9 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
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The collateral used under the Company's master netting agreements is typically cash, but securities may be used under agreements with certain counterparties. Receivables related to cash collateral that has been paid to counterparties are included in other assets. Payables related to cash collateral that has been received from counterparties are included in accounts payable and other liabilities. Interest is owed on amounts received from counterparties and we earn interest on cash paid to counterparties. Any securities pledged to counterparties as collateral remain on the consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had liabilities of $11.9 million and $10.1 million, respectively, in cash collateral received from counterparties and receivables of $44 thousand and $218 thousand, respectively, in cash collateral paid to counterparties.
The following table presents the net gain (loss) recognized on economic hedge derivatives, within the respective line items in the consolidated income statements for the periods indicated:
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Recognized in noninterest income:
Net gain (loss) on loan origination and sale activities (1)
$86 $78 
Loan servicing income (loss) (2)
(500)(730)
Other (3)
3 (1)
(1)Comprised of forward contracts used as an economic hedge of loans held for sale and interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") to customers.
(2)Comprised of futures, US Treasury options and forward contracts used as economic hedges of single family MSRs.
(3)Impact of interest rate swap agreements executed with commercial banking customers and broker dealer counterparties.

The notional amount of open interest rate swap agreements executed with commercial banking customers and broker dealer counterparties at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $233 million and $236 million, respectively. 

NOTE 6–MORTGAGE BANKING OPERATIONS:

LHFS consisted of the following:
 
(in thousands)At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
Single family$19,023 $12,849 
CRE, multifamily and SBA2,079 6,788 
Total$21,102 $19,637 

Loans sold consisted of the following for the periods indicated: 

 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Single family$70,379 $63,473 
CRE, multifamily and SBA8,196 8,750 
Total$78,575 $72,223 

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Gain on loan origination and sale activities, including the effects of derivative risk management instruments, consisted of the following: 
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Single family$1,986 $2,218 
CRE, multifamily and SBA320 192 
Total$2,306 $2,410 

The Company's portfolio of loans serviced for others is primarily comprised of loans held in U.S. government and agency MBS issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. The unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others is as follows:

(in thousands)At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
Single family $5,280,531 $5,316,304 
CRE, multifamily and SBA 1,895,718 1,900,039 
Total$7,176,249 $7,216,343 


The following is a summary of changes in the Company's liability for estimated single-family mortgage repurchase losses:

 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Balance, beginning of period$1,481 $2,232 
Additions, net of adjustments (1)
(128)(143)
Realized (losses) recoveries, net (2)
(36)(300)
Balance, end of period$1,317 $1,789 
(1) Includes additions for new loan sales and changes in estimated probable future repurchase losses on previously sold loans.
(2) Includes principal losses and accrued interest on repurchased loans, "make-whole" settlements, settlements with claimants and certain related expenses.

The Company has agreements with certain investors to advance scheduled principal and interest amounts on delinquent loans. Advances are also made to fund the foreclosure and collection costs of delinquent loans prior to the recovery of reimbursable amounts from investors or borrowers. Advances of $3.1 million and $2.9 million were recorded in other assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

When the Company has the unilateral right to repurchase Ginnie Mae pool loans it has previously sold (generally loans that are more than 90 days past due), the Company records the balance of the loans as other assets and other liabilities. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, delinquent or defaulted mortgage loans currently in Ginnie Mae pools that the Company has recognized on its consolidated balance sheets totaled $5.9 million and $5.6 million, respectively.

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Revenue from mortgage servicing, including the effects of derivative risk management instruments, consisted of the following:
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Servicing income, net:
Servicing fees and other$6,354 $6,669 
Amortization of single family MSRs (1)
(1,428)(1,684)
Amortization of multifamily and SBA MSRs(1,402)(1,554)
Total
3,524 3,431 
Risk management, single family MSRs:
Changes in fair value of MSRs due to assumptions (2)
618 (311)
Net gain (loss) from economic hedging (3)
(1,110)(81)
Total
(492)(392)
               Loan servicing income $3,032 $3,039 
(1) Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.
(2) Principally reflects changes in model assumptions, including prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in mortgage interest rates.
(3)    The interest income from US Treasury notes securities used for hedging purposes, which is included in interest income on the consolidated income statements, was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The changes in single family MSRs measured at fair value are as follows:

Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Beginning balance$74,249 $76,617 
Additions and amortization:
Originations
617 619 
Purchases
— 460 
Amortization (1)
(1,428)(1,684)
Net additions and amortization
(811)(605)
Changes in fair value assumptions (2)
618 (311)
Ending balance$74,056 $75,701 
(1) Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.
(2) Principally reflects changes in model assumptions, including prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in mortgage interest rates.


Key economic assumptions used in measuring the initial fair value of capitalized single family MSRs were as follows: 

Quarter Ended March 31,
(rates per annum) (1)
20242023
Constant prepayment rate ("CPR") (2)
19.30 %11.20 %
Discount rate 10.18 %9.94 %
(1) Based on a weighted average.
(2) Represents an expected lifetime average CPR used in the model.

30

For single family MSRs, we use a discounted cash flow valuation technique which utilizes CPRs and discount rates as significant unobservable inputs as noted in the table below:
At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
Range of Inputs
Average (1)
Range of Inputs
Average (1)
CPRs (2)
6.20% - 33.00%
6.60 %
6.80% - 32.50%
7.00 %
Discount Rates
10.00% - 16.00%
10.64 %
10.00% - 17.00%
10.00 %
(1) Weighted averages of all the inputs within the range.
(2) Represents the expected lifetime average CPR used in the model.

To compute hypothetical sensitivities of the value of our single family MSRs to immediate adverse changes in key assumptions, we computed the impact of changes to CPRs and in discount rates as outlined below:

(dollars in thousands)At March 31, 2024
Fair value of single family MSR$74,056 
Expected weighted-average life (in years)8.49
CPR
Impact on fair value of 25 basis points adverse change in interest rates$(621)
Impact on fair value of 50 basis points adverse change in interest rates$(1,344)
Discount rate
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points increase$(1,952)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points increase$(4,627)

The changes in multifamily and SBA MSRs measured at the lower of amortized cost or fair value were as follows: 

Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Beginning balance$29,987 $35,256 
Originations278 137 
Amortization(1,402)(1,554)
Ending balance$28,863 $33,839 

Key economic assumptions used in measuring the initial fair value of capitalized multifamily MSRs were as follows:
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
(rates per annum) (1)
20242023
Discount rate13.00 %13.00 %
(1)Based on a weighted average.


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For multifamily MSRs, we use a discounted cash flow valuation technique which utilizes CPRs and discount rates as significant unobservable inputs as noted in the table below. Multifamily DUS loans typically contain yield maintenance features that significantly reduce loan prepayments, driving a CPR of zero.

At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
Range of Inputs
Average (1)
Range of Inputs
Average (1)
Discount Rates
13.00% - 13.00%
13.00 %
13.00% - 13.00%
13.00 %
(1) Weighted averages of all the inputs within the range.
.
NOTE 7–GUARANTEES AND MORTGAGE REPURCHASE LIABILITY:

In the ordinary course of business, the Company sells loans through the Fannie Mae Multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program ("DUS"®) that are subject to a credit loss sharing arrangement. The Company services the loans for Fannie Mae and shares in the risk of loss with Fannie Mae under the terms of the DUS contracts. Under the DUS program, the Company and Fannie Mae share losses on a pro rata basis, where the Company is responsible for losses incurred up to one-third of the principal balance on each loan with two-thirds of the loss covered by Fannie Mae. For loans that have been sold through this program, a liability is recorded for this loss sharing arrangement under the accounting guidance for guarantees. At both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the total unpaid principal balance of loans sold under this program was $1.8 billion. The Company's reserve liability related to this arrangement totaled $0.4 million and $0.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. There were no actual losses incurred under this arrangement during the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company sells residential mortgage loans to GSEs and other entities. Under the terms of these sales agreements, the Company has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The Company may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify loan purchasers due to defects in the origination process of the loan, such as documentation errors, underwriting errors and judgments, early payment defaults and fraud. The total unpaid principal balance of loans sold on a servicing-retained basis that were subject to the terms and conditions of these representations and warranties totaled $5.3 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had recorded a mortgage repurchase liability for loans sold on a servicing-retained and servicing-released basis, included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, of $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
NOTE 8–EARNINGS PER SHARE:

The following table summarizes the calculation of earnings per share: 
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)20242023
Net income (loss)$(7,497)$5,058 
Weighted average shares:
Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
18,856,870 18,755,453 
Dilutive effect of outstanding common stock equivalents — 16,446 
Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding18,856,870 18,771,899 
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic earnings per share$(0.40)$0.27 
Diluted earnings per share (1)
(0.40)0.27 
(1) Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share (due to their antidilutive effect) for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were certain unvested RSUs and PSUs. On a weighted average basis, 561,610 and 251,821 unvested stock units convertible into shares of common stock were excluded at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
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NOTE 9–FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT:

The term "fair value" is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The Company's approach is to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements.

Fair Value Hierarchy

A three-level valuation hierarchy has been established under ASC 820 for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based on the observability of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels are defined as follows:

• Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
• Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. This includes quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
• Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. These inputs reflect the Company's assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The Company's policy regarding transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy is that all transfers are assumed to occur at the end of the reporting period.

Estimation of Fair Value
Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available. In cases where a quoted price for an asset or liability is not available, the Company uses valuation models to estimate fair value. These models incorporate inputs such as forward yield curves, loan prepayment assumptions, expected loss assumptions, market volatilities and pricing spreads utilizing market-based inputs where readily available. The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those that would be used by other market participants. However, imprecision in estimating unobservable inputs and other factors may result in these fair value measurements not reflecting the amount realized in an actual sale or transfer of the asset or liability in a current market exchange.
The following table summarizes the fair value measurement methodologies, including significant inputs and assumptions and classification of the Company's assets and liabilities valued at fair value on a recurring basis.
33

Asset/Liability classValuation methodology, inputs and assumptionsClassification
Investment securities
Trading securitiesFair Value is based on quoted prices in an active market.Level 1 recurring fair value measurement.
Investment securities AFS
Observable market prices of identical or similar securities are used where available.Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
If market prices are not readily available, value is based on discounted cash flows using the following significant inputs:
 
•      Expected prepayment speeds 
•      Estimated credit losses 
•      Market liquidity adjustments
Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.
LHFS
Single family loans, excluding loans transferred from held for investment
Fair value is based on observable market data, including:
 
•       Quoted market prices, where available 
•       Dealer quotes for similar loans 
•       Forward sale commitments
Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
When not derived from observable market inputs, fair value is based on discounted cash flows, which considers the following inputs:
•       Benchmark yield curve  
•       Estimated discount spread to the benchmark yield curve 
•       Expected prepayment speeds
Estimated fair value classified as Level 3.
Mortgage servicing rights
Single family MSRs
For information on how the Company measures the fair value of its single family MSRs, including key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of fair value to changes in those assumptions, see Note 6, Mortgage Banking Operations.
Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.
Derivatives
Futures and OptionsFair value is based on closing exchange prices.Level 1 recurring fair value measurement.
Forward sale commitments Interest rate swapsFair value is based on quoted prices for identical or similar instruments, when available. When quoted prices are not available, fair value is based on internally developed modeling techniques, which require the use of multiple observable market inputs including:
 
            •       Forward interest rates 
            •       Interest rate volatilities		Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
IRLC
The fair value considers several factors including:

•       Fair value of the underlying loan based on quoted prices in the secondary market, when available. 
•       Value of servicing
•       Fall-out factor
Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.

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The following tables presents the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: 
At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Fair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Trading securities - U.S. Treasury securities$27,746 $27,746 $— $— 
Investment securities AFS
Mortgage backed securities:
Residential178,591 — 176,800 1,791 
Commercial47,470 — 47,470 — 
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential371,660 — 371,660 — 
Commercial56,702 — 56,702 — 
Municipal bonds398,100 — 398,100 — 
Corporate debt securities35,152 — 35,152 — 
U.S. Treasury securities19,896 — 19,896 — 
Agency debentures53,437 — 53,437 — 
Single family LHFS19,023 — 19,023 — 
Single family LHFI1,285 — — 1,285 
Single family mortgage servicing rights 74,056 — — 74,056 
Derivatives
Forward sale commitments196 — 196 — 
Options6 6 — — 
Interest rate lock commitments385 — — 385 
Interest rate swaps11,879 — 11,879 — 
Total assets$1,295,584 $27,752 $1,190,315 $77,517 
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Forward sale commitments$234 $— $234 $— 
Interest rate lock commitments49 — — 49 
Interest rate swaps11,880 — 11,880 — 
Total liabilities$12,163 $— $12,114 $49 

35

At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Fair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Trading securities - U.S. Treasury securities$24,698 $24,698 $— $— 
Investment securities AFS
Mortgage backed securities:
Residential
183,798 — 181,938 1,860 
Commercial
47,756 — 47,756 — 
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential439,738 — 439,738 — 
Commercial57,397 — 57,397 — 
Municipal bonds404,874 — 404,874 — 
Corporate debt securities38,547 — 38,547 — 
U.S. Treasury securities20,184 — 20,184 — 
Agency debentures58,905 — 58,905 — 
Single family LHFS 12,849 — 12,849 — 
Single family LHFI1,280 — — 1,280 
Single family mortgage servicing rights74,249 — — 74,249 
Derivatives
Forward sale commitments151 — 151 — 
Options132 132 — 
Interest rate lock commitments411 — — 411 
Interest rate swaps10,489 — 10,489 — 
Total assets$1,375,458 $24,830 $1,272,828 $77,800 
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Futures$3 $3 $— $— 
Forward sale commitments288 — 288 — 
Interest rate swaps10,492 — 10,492 — 
Total liabilities$10,783 $3 $10,780 $— 

There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company's Level 3 recurring fair value measurements consist of investment securities AFS, single family MSRs, single family LHFI where fair value option was elected, certain single family LHFS and interest rate lock commitments, which are accounted for as derivatives. For information regarding fair value changes and activity for single family MSRs during the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, see Note 6, Mortgage Banking Operations of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The fair value of IRLCs considers several factors, including the fair value in the secondary market of the underlying loan resulting from the exercise of the commitment, the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan (referred to as the value of servicing) and the probability that the commitment will not be converted into a funded loan (referred to as a fall-out factor). The fair value of IRLCs on LHFS, while based on interest rates observable in the market, is highly dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. The significance of the fall-out factor to the fair value measurement of an individual IRLC is generally highest at the time that the rate lock is initiated and declines as closing procedures are performed and the underlying loan gets closer to funding. The fall-out factor applied is based on historical experience. The value of servicing is impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment assumptions, discount rates, delinquency rates, contractually specified servicing fees, servicing costs and underlying portfolio characteristics. Because these inputs are not observable in market trades, the fall-out factor and value of servicing are considered to be Level 3 inputs. The fair value of IRLCs decreases in value upon an increase in the fall-out factor and increases in value upon an increase in the value of servicing. Changes in the fall-out factor and value of servicing do not increase or decrease based on movements in other significant unobservable inputs.
36


The Company recognizes unrealized gains and losses from the time that an IRLC is initiated until the gain or loss is realized at the time the loan closes, which generally occurs within 30-90 days. For IRLCs that fall out, any unrealized gain or loss is reversed, which generally occurs at the end of the commitment period. The gains and losses recognized on IRLC derivatives generally correlates to volume of single family interest rate lock commitments made during the reporting period (after adjusting for estimated fallout) while the amount of unrealized gains and losses realized at settlement generally correlates to the volume of single family closed loans during the reporting period.

The Company uses the discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of certain loans that have been transferred from held for sale to held for investment and single family LHFS when the fair value of the loans is not derived using observable market inputs. The key assumption in the valuation model is the implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve. The implied spread is not directly observable in the market and is derived from third party pricing which is based on market information from comparable loan pools. The fair value estimate of single family loans that have been transferred from held for sale to held for investment are sensitive to changes in the benchmark interest rate which might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The Company transferred certain loans from held for sale to held for investment. These loans were originated as held for sale loans where the Company had elected fair value option. The Company determined these loans to be level 3 recurring assets as the valuation technique included a significant unobservable input. The total amount of held for investment loans where fair value option election was made was $1.3 million at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of certain assets:

(dollars in thousands)Fair ValueValuation
Technique		Significant Unobservable
Input		LowHighWeighted Average
March 31, 2024
Investment securities AFS$1,791 Income approach
Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve
2.25%2.25%2.25%
Single family LHFI1,285 Income approachImplied spread to benchmark interest rate curve3.97%5.36%4.44%
Interest rate lock commitments, net336 Income approachFall-out factor0.07%30.20%8.48%
Value of servicing0.15%0.93%0.62%
December 31, 2023
Investment securities AFS$1,860 Income approach
Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve
2.25%2.25%2.25%
Single family LHFI1,280 Income approachImplied spread to benchmark interest rate curve3.30%5.04%3.94%
Interest rate lock commitments, net411 Income approachFall-out factor0.81%41.64%10.54%
Value of servicing0.32%0.80%0.57%

We had no LHFS where the fair value was not derived with significant observable inputs at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table presents fair value changes and activity for certain Level 3 assets for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)Beginning balanceAdditionsTransfersPayoffs/Sales
Change in mark to market (1)
Ending balance
Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
Investment securities AFS$1,860 $— $— $(50)$(19)$1,791 
Single family LHFI1,280 — — — 5 1,285 
Quarter Ended March 31, 2023
Investment securities AFS$2,009 $— $— $(48)$69 $2,030 
Single family LHFI5,868 — — (682)45 5,231 
(1) Changes in fair value for single LHFI are recorded in other noninterest income on the consolidated income statements.

37

The following table presents fair value changes and activity for Level 3 interest rate lock commitments:
Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Beginning balance, net$411 $105 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)417 919 
Settlements(492)(662)
Ending balance, net$336 $362 

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets held by the Company are not included in the tables above, but are measured at fair value on a periodic basis. These assets include certain LHFI and OREO that are carried at the lower of cost or fair value of the underlying collateral, less the estimated costs to sell. The estimated fair values of real estate collateral are generally based on internal evaluations and appraisals of such collateral, which use the market approach and income approach methodologies. We have omitted disclosure related to quantitative inputs given the insignificance of assets measured on a nonrecurring basis.

The fair value of commercial properties is generally based on third-party appraisals that consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income-generating characteristics, adjusted (generally based on unobservable inputs) to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. The Company uses a fair value of collateral technique to apply adjustments to the appraisal value of certain commercial LHFI that are collateralized by real estate.

The Company uses a fair value of collateral technique to apply adjustments to the stated value of certain commercial LHFI that are not collateralized by real estate and to the appraisal value of OREO.

Residential properties are generally based on unadjusted third-party appraisals. Factors considered in determining the fair value include geographic sales trends, the value of comparable surrounding properties as well as the condition of the property.

These adjustments include management assumptions that are based on the type of collateral dependent loan and may increase or decrease an appraised value. Management adjustments vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each individual property. The quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period-to-period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of the unobservable inputs used. Given these variations, changes in these unobservable inputs are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period.

The following table presents assets classified as Level 3 that had changes in their recorded fair value for the periods indicated and what we still held at the end of the respective reporting period:

(in thousands)Fair ValueTotal Gains (Losses)
At or for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
      LHFI (1)
$423 $(50)
At or for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2023
      LHFI (1)
$3,793 $(159)
(1) Represents the carrying value of loans for which adjustments are based on the fair value of the collateral.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following presents the carrying value, estimated fair value and the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the Company's financial instruments other than assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: 

38

 At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Carrying
Value		Fair
Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$320,327 $320,327 $320,327 $— $— 
Investment securities HTM2,354 2,305 — 2,305 — 
LHFI7,403,767 6,970,457 — — 6,970,457 
LHFS – multifamily and other
2,079 2,079 — 2,079 — 
Mortgage servicing rights – multifamily and SBA28,863 34,303 — — 34,303 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock73,722 73,722 — 73,722 — 
Other assets - GNMA EBO loans5,940 5,940 — — 5,940 
Liabilities:
Certificates of deposit$3,056,518 $3,046,367 $— $3,046,367 $— 
Borrowings2,094,000 2,089,853 2,089,853 
Long-term debt224,857 175,314 — 175,314 — 
 At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Carrying
Value		Fair
Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $215,664 $215,664 $215,664 $— $— 
Investment securities HTM2,371 2,331 — 2,331 — 
LHFI7,381,124 7,002,028 — — 7,002,028 
LHFS – multifamily and other6,788 6,871 — 6,871 — 
Mortgage servicing rights – multifamily and SBA29,987 35,292 — — 35,292 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock55,293 55,293 — 55,293 — 
Other assets-GNMA EBO loans5,617 5,617 — — 5,617 
Liabilities:
Certificates of deposit$3,227,954 $3,216,665 $— $3,216,665 $— 
Borrowings1,745,000 1,750,023 — 1,750,023 — 
Long-term debt224,766 132,996 — 132,996 — 

Fair Value Option

Single family loans held for sale accounted under the fair value option are measured initially at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Gains and losses from such changes in fair value are recognized in net gain on mortgage loan origination and sale activities within noninterest income. The change in fair value of loans held for sale is primarily driven by changes in interest rates subsequent to loan funding and changes in fair value of the related servicing asset, resulting in revaluation adjustments to the recorded fair value. The use of the fair value option allows the change in the fair value of loans to more effectively offset the change in fair value of derivative instruments that are used as economic hedges of loans held for sale.

The following table presents the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option:

At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Fair ValueAggregate Unpaid Principal BalanceFair Value Less Aggregated Unpaid Principal BalanceFair ValueAggregate Unpaid Principal BalanceFair Value Less Aggregated Unpaid Principal Balance
Single family LHFS$19,023 $18,706 $317 $12,849 $12,583 $266 

39

NOTE 10–COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

As of March 31, 2024, HomeStreet was obligated on a $135 million letter of credit to the FHLB which is being used as collateral for public fund deposits.


NOTE 11–SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:

On April 30, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the previously announced definitive merger agreement with FirstSun Capital Bancorp (“FirstSun”), the holding company of Sunflower Bank, N.A ("Sunflower Bank"), and Dynamis Subsidiary, Inc., whereby, under the merger agreement, as amended, the Company and the Bank will merge with and into FirstSun and Sunflower Bank, respectively (collectively, the "Merger"). Subject to terms and conditions of the merger agreement, as amended, the companies will combine in an all-stock transaction in which HomeStreet shareholders will receive 0.3867 of a share of FirstSun common stock for each share of HomeStreet common stock. The parties to the Merger expect to complete the Merger in late 2024, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions, including receipt of customary required regulatory approvals, the approval of the merger agreement by HomeStreet shareholders and satisfaction or waiver of other closing conditions.

40

ITEM 2     MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes presented elsewhere in this report and in HomeStreet, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023Annual Report on Form 10-K").

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”). Generally, forward-looking statements include the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” and “would” and similar expressions (or the negative of these terms). Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q also include statements regarding the expected timing to close the proposed merger of HomeStreet into FirstSun Capital Bancorp (“FirstSun”) and HomeStreet Bank into Sunflower Bank, N.A., a subsidiary of FirstSun (collectively, the “Merger”) and expectations regarding dividend payments in 2024. Such statements involve inherent risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond control of HomeStreet Inc. (the "Company"). Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s expectations at the time such statements are made and speak only as of the date made, they are not guarantees of future performance. The Company does not assume any obligation or undertake to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this report as a result of new information, future events or developments, except as required by federal securities or other applicable laws, although the Company may do so from time to time. The Company does not endorse any projections regarding future performance that may be made by third parties. For all forward-looking statements, the Company claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Reform Act.

We caution readers that actual results may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the Company’s forward-looking statements. Rather, more important factors could affect the Company’s future results, including but not limited to the following:(1) our ability to successfully consummate the proposed Merger with FirstSun; (2) the ability of HomeStreet to obtain the necessary approval by shareholders with respect to the Merger; (3) the ability of HomeStreet and FirstSun to obtain required regulatory and governmental approvals of the Merger when expected or at all (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the Merger); (4) the failure to satisfy the closing conditions in the definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of January 16, 2024, as amended on April 30, 2024, by and between HomeStreet and FirstSun, or any unexpected delay in closing the Merger; (5) the ability to achieve expected cost savings, synergies and other financial benefits from the Merger within the expected time frames and costs or difficulties relating to integration matters being greater than expected; (6) the diversion of management time from core banking functions due to Merger-related issues; (7) potential difficulty in maintaining relationships with customers, associates or business partners as a result of the announced Merger; (8) the ability of FirstSun to consummate their investment agreements to obtain the necessary capital to support the Merger; (9) the occurrence of any event, change or circumstance that could give rise to the right of one or both parties to terminate the Merger Agreement; (10) the outcome of any legal proceedings that have been or may be instituted against FirstSun or HomeStreet; (11) changes in the U.S. and global economies, including business disruptions, reductions in employment, inflationary pressures and an increase in business failures, specifically among our customers; (12) changes in the interest rate environment may reduce interest margins; (13) changes in deposit flows, loan demand or real estate values may adversely affect the business of our primary subsidiary, HomeStreet Bank (the “Bank”), through which substantially all of our operations are carried out; (14) there may be increases in competitive pressure among financial institutions or from non-financial institutions; (15) our ability to attract and retain key members of our senior management team; (16) the timing and occurrence or non-occurrence of events may be subject to circumstances beyond our control; (17) our ability to control operating costs and expenses; (18) our credit quality and the effect of credit quality on our credit losses expense and allowance for credit losses; (19) the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses; (20) changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines may cause our financial condition to be perceived or interpreted differently; (21) legislative or regulatory changes that may adversely affect our business or financial condition, including, without limitation, changes in corporate and/or individual income tax laws and policies, changes in privacy laws, and changes in regulatory capital or other rules, and the availability of resources to address or respond to such changes; (22) general economic conditions, either nationally or locally in some or all areas in which we conduct business, or conditions in the securities markets or banking industry, may be less favorable than what we currently anticipate; (23) challenges our customers may face in meeting current underwriting standards may adversely impact all or a substantial portion of the value of our rate-lock loan activity we recognize; (24) technological changes may be more difficult or expensive than what we anticipate; (25) a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or information technology infrastructure, or those of our third-party providers and vendors, including due to cyber-attacks; (26) success or consummation of new business initiatives may be more difficult or expensive than what we anticipate; (27) our ability to grow efficiently both organically and through acquisitions and to manage our growth and integration costs; (28) staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our work force and potential associated charges; (29) litigation, investigations or other matters before regulatory agencies, whether currently existing or commencing in the future, may delay the occurrence or non-
occurrence of events longer than what we anticipate; and (30) our ability to obtain regulatory approvals or non-objection to take various capital actions, including the payment of dividends by us or the Bank, or repurchases of our common stock. A discussion of the factors, risks and uncertainties that could affect our financial results, business goals and operational and financial objectives discussed in our 2023 annual report on Form 10-K or in our releases, public statements and/or filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is also contained in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We strongly recommend readers review those disclosures in conjunction with the discussions herein.

All future written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or any person acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to above. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and factors that the Company currently deems immaterial may become material, and it is impossible for the Company to predict these events or how they may affect the Company.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We have identified two estimates as being critical because they require management to make particularly difficult, subjective, and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because of the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies relate to the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and the valuation of single family mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs").

The ACL is calculated based on quantitative and qualitative factors to estimate credit losses over the life of the loan. The inputs used to determine quantitative factors include estimates based on historical experience of probability of default and loss given default. Inputs used to determine qualitative factors include changes in current portfolio characteristics and operating environments such as current and forecasted unemployment rates, capitalization rates used to value properties securing loans, rental rates and single family pricing indexes. Qualitative factors may also include adjustments to address matters not contemplated by the model and assumptions used to determine qualitative factors. Although we believe that our methodology for determining an appropriate level for the ACL adequately addresses the various components that could potentially result in credit losses, the processes and their elements include features that may be susceptible to significant change. Any unfavorable differences between the actual outcome of credit-related events and our estimates could require an additional provision for credit losses. For example, if the projected unemployment rate was downgraded one grade for all periods, the amount of the ACL at March 31, 2024 would increase by approximately $8 million. This sensitivity analysis is hypothetical and has been provided only to indicate the potential impact that changes in assumptions may have on the ACL estimate.

The valuation of MSRs is based on various assumptions which are set forth in Note 6–Mortgage Banking Operations of the financial statements. Note 6 also provides sensitivity analysis based on the assumptions used. The sensitivity analyses are hypothetical and have been provided to indicate the potential impact that changes in assumptions may have on the estimate of the fair value of MSRs.



41

Summary Financial Data

 Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except per share data and FTE data)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2023
Select Income Statement data:
Net interest income$32,151 $34,989 $49,376 
Provision for credit losses— 445 593 
Noninterest income9,454 10,956 10,190 
Noninterest expense52,164 49,511 52,491 
Income (loss) before income taxes(10,559)(4,011)6,482 
Net income (loss)(7,497)(3,419)5,058 
Net income (loss) per fully diluted share(0.40)(0.18)0.27 
Core net income (loss): (1)
Total
(5,469)(2,249)5,058 
Core net income (loss) per fully diluted share(0.29)(0.12)0.27 
Select Performance Ratios:
Return on average equity - annualized(5.6)%(2.6)%3.5 %
Return on average tangible equity - annualized (1)
(3.8)%(1.3)%4.1 %
Return on average assets - annualized
Net income (loss)(0.32)%(0.15)%0.22 %
Core (1)
(0.23)%(0.10)%0.22 %
Efficiency ratio (1)
118.0 %105.9 %87.2 %
Net interest margin1.44 %1.59 %2.23 %
Other data
Full time equivalent employees858 875 920 
(1)Core net income (loss), core net income (loss) per fully diluted share, return on average tangible equity, core return on average assets and the efficiency ratio are non-GAAP financial measures. measures. For a reconciliation of these measures to the nearest comparable GAAP financial measure or the computation of the measure see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” elsewhere in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
42

 As of
(in thousands, except share and per share data)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Selected Balance Sheet Data
Loans held for sale$21,102 $19,637 
Loans held for investment, net7,405,052 7,382,404 
ACL39,677 40,500 
Investment securities
1,191,108 1,278,268 
Total assets9,455,182 9,392,450 
Deposits6,491,102 6,763,378 
Borrowings
2,094,000 1,745,000 
Long-term debt224,857 224,766 
Total shareholders' equity527,333 538,387 
Other data:
Book value per share
$27.96 $28.62 
Tangible book value per share (1)
$27.49 $28.11 
Total equity to total assets
5.6 %5.7 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)
5.5 %5.6 %
Shares outstanding at end of period
18,857,566 18,810,055 
Loans to deposit ratio (Bank)
114.3 %109.4 %
Credit Quality:
ACL to total loans (2)
0.54 %0.55 %
ACL to nonaccrual loans
80.2 %103.9 %
Nonaccrual loans to total loans
0.66 %0.53 %
Nonperforming assets to total assets
0.56 %0.45 %
Nonperforming assets
$52,584 $42,643 
Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Bank
Tier 1 leverage 8.34 %8.50 %
Total risk-based capital
13.34 %13.49 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital12.67 %12.79 %
Company
Tier 1 leverage6.90 %7.04 %
Total risk-based capital
12.70 %12.84 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital9.55 %9.66 %
(1)Tangible book value per share and tangible common equity to tangible assets are non-GAAP financial measures. For a reconciliation of this measure to the nearest comparable GAAP financial measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” elsewhere in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(2) This ratio excludes balances insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA or SBA.

43

Current Developments
Proposed Merger Transaction
On January 16, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement (as amended on April 30, 2024, the “merger agreement”) with FirstSun, the holding company of Sunflower Bank and Dynamis Subsidiary, Inc., whereby, under the merger agreement, the Company and the Bank will merge with and into FirstSun and Sunflower Bank, respectively. The agreement was amended on April 30, 2024, and subject to the terms and conditions of the merger agreement, the companies will combine in an all-stock transaction in which HomeStreet shareholders will receive 0.3867 of a share of FirstSun common stock for each share of HomeStreet common stock. The parties to the Merger expect to complete the Merger in late 2024, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions, including receipt of customary required regulatory approvals, the approval of the merger agreement by HomeStreet shareholders and satisfaction or waiver of other closing conditions.

Economic and Market Conditions

Our financial results have been adversely impacted by the historically significant increase in short-term interest rates by the Federal Reserve during 2022 and 2023. This dramatic increase in rates resulted in significant reductions in loan demand, particularly in single family mortgage. Accordingly, our gain on loan sales activities declined significantly and are expected to remain at low levels in 2024. Additionally, our interest sensitive deposits declined as customers moved funds to higher yielding products both at our Bank and at other financial institutions and brokerage firms. We have taken a number of steps to reduce the pressure on our funding base, including: (i) significantly reducing our level of loan originations; and (ii) introducing promotional priced deposit products which allow us to attract and retain deposits without repricing our existing interest-bearing deposit base. Inflationary pressures have adversely impacted our operations by increasing our costs, primarily compensation costs which we expect to be higher in 2024.

Due to the impacts of the significant increases in short term rates by the Federal Reserve in 2023, and as a result of our actions taken to address the impact of these increases, we expect the balance of our loans held for investment to stay relatively stable during 2024 and our net interest margin to be lower in 2024 as compared to 2023.

Management's Overview of the First Quarter 2024 Financial Performance

First Quarter of 2024 Compared to the Fourth Quarter of 2023

General: Our net loss and loss before income taxes were $(7.5) million and $(10.6) million, respectively, in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to $(3.4) million and $(4.0) million, respectively, in the fourth quarter of 2023. The $6.5 million increase in loss before income taxes was due to lower net interest income, lower noninterest income and an increase in noninterest expense which was partially offset by a lower provision for credit losses.

Income Taxes: The income tax benefit realized in the first quarter of 2024 resulted in an effective tax rate of 29.0% as compared to an effective tax rate of 14.8% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2024 was higher than our statutory rate of 24.6% due to the impact of tax advantaged investments which creates a higher benefit due to our loss. Our effective tax rate of 14.8% in the fourth quarter of 2023 was significantly impacted by the goodwill impairment charge taken in 2023, a portion of which was not deductible for tax purposes, the effect of which was partially offset by benefits of tax advantaged investments.
44

Net Interest Income: The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding (i) the total dollar amount of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant average yields on those assets; (ii) the total dollar amount of interest expense and the average rate of interest on our interest-bearing liabilities; (iii) net interest income; (iv) net interest rate spread; and (v) net interest margin:
Quarter Ended
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Average
Balance		InterestAverage
Yield/Cost		Average
Balance		InterestAverage
Yield/Cost
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (1)
$7,460,650 $86,427 4.60 %$7,465,375 $87,193 4.60 %
Investment securities (1)
1,239,093 11,627 3.75 %1,278,344 12,591 3.94 %
FHLB Stock, Fed Funds and other388,462 5,571 5.76 %179,619 2,603 5.72 %
Total interest-earning assets
9,088,205 103,625 4.54 %8,923,338 102,387 4.52 %
Noninterest-earning assets 413,984 428,528 
Total assets
$9,502,189 $9,351,866 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
Interest-bearing deposits: (2)
Demand deposits
$324,210 $170 0.21 %$341,697 $185 0.22 %
Money market and savings
1,840,023 7,380 1.60 %1,981,308 7,797 1.55 %
Certificates of deposit
3,068,404 35,057 4.60 %2,864,237 31,335 4.34 %
Total 5,232,637 42,607 3.27 %5,187,242 39,317 3.00 %
Borrowings:
Borrowings
2,074,527 24,676 4.73 %1,975,536 23,845 4.74 %
Long-term debt
224,812 3,107 5.51 %224,722 3,128 5.52 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities
7,531,976 70,390 3.74 %7,387,500 66,290 3.55 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits (2)
1,319,309 1,343,043 
Other liabilities
113,277 107,565 
Total liabilities
8,964,562 8,838,108 
Shareholders' equity537,627 513,758 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$9,502,189 $9,351,866 
Net interest income
$33,235 $36,097 
Net interest rate spread0.80 %0.98 %
Net interest margin1.44 %1.59 %

(1)    Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities of $1.1 million for both quarters ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The estimated federal statutory tax rate was 21% for the periods presented.
(2)    Cost of all deposits, including noninterest-bearing demand deposits was 2.61% and 2.39% for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Our net interest income in the first quarter of 2024 was $2.8 million lower than the fourth quarter of 2023 due to a decrease in our net interest margin from 1.59% to 1.44%. The decrease in our net interest margin was due to a 19 basis point increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities which was due primarily to a 22 basis point increase in the cost of deposits. The increase in the rates paid on deposits was due to the migration of noninterest-bearing and lower cost interest-bearing accounts to higher cost certificates of deposit and money market accounts.

Provision for Credit Losses: There was no provision for credit losses recognized during the first quarter of 2024 as compared to a $0.4 million provision in the fourth quarter of 2023. These low levels of provisions for credit losses reflect the stable balance of our loan portfolio, a minimal level of identified credit issues in our loan portfolio and the lack of significant expected credit issues arising in future periods.


45

Noninterest Income consisted of the following: 

 Quarter Ended
(in thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Noninterest income
Gain on loan origination and sale activities (1)
Single family
$1,986 $1,844 
CRE, multifamily and SBA320 264 
Loan servicing income3,032 3,258 
Deposit fees
2,241 2,331 
Other1,875 3,259 
Total noninterest income$9,454 $10,956 
(1) May include loans originated as held for investment.

Loan servicing income, a component of noninterest income, consisted of the following:

 Quarter Ended
(in thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Single family servicing income, net
Servicing fees and other
$3,839 $3,880 
Changes - amortization (1)
(1,428)(1,504)
Net
2,411 2,376 
Risk management, single family MSRs:
Changes in fair value due to assumptions (2)
618 (1,380)
Net gain (loss) from economic hedging (3)
(1,110)1,089 
Subtotal
(492)(291)
Single Family servicing income 1,919 2,085 
Commercial loan servicing income:
Servicing fees and other2,515 2,588 
Amortization of capitalized MSRs(1,402)(1,415)
Total
1,113 1,173 
Total loan servicing income $3,032 $3,258 
(1)Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.
(2)Principally reflects changes in model assumptions, including prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in mortgage interest rates.
(3)The interest income from US Treasury notes securities used for hedging purposes, which is included in interest income on the consolidated income statements, was $0.3 million for both the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Noninterest income in the first quarter of 2024 decreased from the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily due to higher levels of income realized in the fourth quarter of 2023 from our investments in small business investment companies.

Noninterest Expense consisted of the following:

 Quarter Ended
(in thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits$28,011 $27,033 
Information services7,342 7,694 
Occupancy5,434 5,407 
General, administrative and other11,377 9,377 
Total noninterest expense$52,164 $49,511 
46


The increase in noninterest expenses in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the fourth quarter of 2023 was primarily due to seasonally higher compensation costs and a $1.1 million increase in merger related expenses.

First Quarter of 2024 Compared to First Quarter of 2023

General: Our net income (loss) and income (loss) before income taxes were $(7.5) million and $(10.6) million, respectively, in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to $5.1 million and $6.5 million, respectively, in the first quarter of 2023. Our core net income (loss) and core income (loss) before income taxes in the first quarter of 2024, which excludes the impact of merger related expenses, was $(5.5) million and $(8.0) million, as compared to $5.1 million and $6.5 million, respectively, in the first quarter of 2023. The $14.4 million decrease in core income before taxes was primarily due to lower net interest income, partially offset by a lower provision for credit losses.

Income Taxes: The income tax benefit realized in the first quarter of 2024 resulted in an effective tax rate of 29.0% which was higher than our statutory rate of 24.6% due to the impact of tax advantaged investments which creates a higher benefit to our loss. Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2023 of 22.0% was lower than the statutory rate due to the benefits of tax advantaged investments.

Net Interest Income: The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding (i) the total dollar amount of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant average yields on those assets; (ii) the total dollar amount of interest expense and the average rate of interest on our interest-bearing liabilities; (iii) net interest income; (iv) net interest rate spread; and (v) net interest margin:

Quarter Ended March 31,
 20242023
(in thousands)Average
Balance		InterestAverage
Yield/Cost		Average
Balance		InterestAverage
Yield/Cost
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (1)
$7,460,650 $86,427 4.60 %$7,471,456 $82,790 4.44 %
Investment securities (1)
1,239,093 11,627 3.75 %1,452,137 13,733 3.78 %
FHLB Stock, Fed Funds and other388,462 5,571 5.76 %126,891 1,750 5.59 %
Total interest-earning assets
9,088,205 103,625 4.54 %9,050,484 98,273 4.35 %
Noninterest-earning assets413,984 480,221 
Total assets
$9,502,189 $9,530,705 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits: (2)
Demand deposits
$324,210 $170 0.21 %$430,268 $299 0.28 %
Money market and savings
1,840,023 7,380 1.60 %2,555,512 7,353 1.16 %
Certificates of deposit
3,068,404 35,057 4.60 %2,715,921 21,718 3.24 %
Total 5,232,637 42,607 3.27 %5,701,701 29,370 2.09 %
Borrowings:
Borrowings
2,074,527 24,676 4.73 %1,342,347 15,340 4.57 %
Long-term debt
224,812 3,107 5.51 %224,435 2,965 5.28 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities
7,531,976 70,390 3.74 %7,268,483 47,675 2.64 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits (2)
1,319,309 1,511,437 
Other liabilities
113,277 172,252 
Total liabilities
8,964,562 8,952,172 
Shareholders' equity537,627 578,533 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$9,502,189 $9,530,705 
Net interest income
$33,235 $50,598 
Net interest spread0.80 %1.71 %
Net interest margin1.44 %2.23 %
(1) Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities of $1.1 million and $1.2 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The estimated federal statutory tax rate was 21% for the periods presented.
(2) Cost of deposits including noninterest-bearing deposits, was 2.61% and 1.65% for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
47


Net interest income in the first quarter of 2024 decreased $17.2 million as compared to the first quarter of 2023 due primarily to a decrease in our net interest margin. Our net interest margin decreased from 2.23% in the first quarter of 2023 to 1.44% in the first quarter of 2024 due to a 110 basis point increase in the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities which was partially offset by a 19 basis point increase in the yield on interest earning assets. Yields on interest-earning assets increased as yields on adjustable rate loans increased due to increases in the indexes on which their pricing is based. The increase in the rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities was due to an increase in the proportion of higher cost borrowings and a decrease in the proportion of noninterest-bearing deposits to the total balance of interest-bearing liabilities and higher deposit costs and higher borrowing costs. The increases in the rates paid on deposits were due to increases in market interest rates over the prior year and the migration of noninterest-bearing and lower cost interest-bearing accounts to higher cost certificates of deposit and money market accounts.

Provision for Credit Losses: There was no provision for credit losses recognized during the first quarter of 2024 as compared to a $0.6 million provision in the first quarter of 2023. These low levels of provisions for credit losses reflect the stable balance of our loan portfolio, a minimal level of identified credit issues in our loan portfolio and the lack of significant expected credit issues arising in future periods.

Noninterest Income consisted of the following:  

 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Noninterest income
Gain on loan origination and sale activities (1)
Single family
$1,986 $2,218 
CRE, multifamily and SBA
320 192 
Loan servicing income3,032 3,039 
Deposit fees
2,241 2,658 
Other1,875 2,083 
Total noninterest income$9,454 $10,190 
(1) May include loans originated as held for investment.


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Loan servicing income, a component of noninterest income, consisted of the following:

 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Single family servicing income, net
Servicing fees and other
$3,839 $3,923 
Changes - amortization (1)
(1,428)(1,684)
Net
2,411 2,239 
Risk management, single family MSRs:
Changes in fair value due to assumptions (2)
618 (311)
Net gain (loss) from economic hedging (3)
(1,110)(81)
Subtotal
(492)(392)
Single Family servicing income 1,919 1,847 
Commercial loan servicing income:
Servicing fees and other2,515 2,746 
Amortization of capitalized MSRs(1,402)(1,554)
Total
1,113 1,192 
Total loan servicing income$3,032 $3,039 
(1)Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.
(2)Principally reflects changes in model assumptions, including prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in mortgage interest rates.
(3)The interest income from US Treasury notes securities used for hedging purposes, which is included in interest income on the consolidated income statements, was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Noninterest Expense consisted of the following:

 Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20242023
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits$28,011 $29,253 
Information services7,342 7,145 
Occupancy5,434 5,738 
General, administrative and other11,377 10,355 
Total noninterest expense$52,164 $52,491 

The $0.3 million decrease in noninterest expenses in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023 was primarily due to lower compensation and benefit costs, partially offset by higher general, administrative and other costs. The decrease in compensation and benefit costs was primarily due to lower staffing levels, which was partially offset by wage increases given in the first quarter of 2024. FTEs decreased from 920 at the quarter ended March 31, 2023 compared to 858 at the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The increase in general, administrative and other costs was primarily due to $2.6 million in merger related costs.
49

Financial Condition

During the first quarter of 2024, our total assets increased $63 million due primarily to a $105 million increase in cash, partially offset by a decrease in investment securities. During the first quarter of 2024 total liabilities increased $74 million due to an increase in borrowings, partially offset by a decrease in deposits. The $272 million decrease in deposits was primarily due to a $297 million decrease in brokered certificates of deposit. The $349 million of additional borrowings were used to replace maturing brokered deposits and increase our on-balance sheet cash balances.

Credit Risk Management

During the first quarter of 2024, our ratios of nonperforming assets to total assets and total loans delinquent over 30 days, including nonaccrual loans, increased but remained at low levels. As of March 31, 2024, our ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets was 0.56%, while our ratio of total loans delinquent over 30 days, including nonaccrual loans, to total loans was 0.82%.

Management considers the current level of the ACL to be appropriate to cover estimated lifetime losses within our LHFI portfolio. The following table presents the ACL by product type:

 At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Amount
Rate (1)
Amount
Rate (1)
CRE
Non-owner occupied CRE$2,131 0.34 %$2,610 0.41 %
Multifamily18,947 0.48 %13,093 0.33 %
Construction/land development
Multifamily construction
1,621 0.84 %3,983 2.37 %
CRE construction188 1.02 %189 1.02 %
Single family construction
5,578 2.00 %7,365 2.69 %
Single family construction to permanent
435 0.51 %672 0.64 %
Total
28,900 0.56 %27,912 0.54 %
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied CRE836 0.22 %899 0.23 %
Commercial business2,646 0.69 %2,950 0.83 %
Total
3,482 0.46 %3,849 0.52 %
Consumer loans
Single family4,273 0.40 %5,287 0.51 %
Home equity and other3,022 0.78 %3,452 0.90 %
Total
7,295 0.51 %8,739 0.61 %
Total ACL $39,677 0.54 %$40,500 0.55 %
(1) The ACL rate is calculated excluding balances related to loans that are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA or SBA.


Liquidity and Sources of Funds

Liquidity risk management is primarily intended to ensure we are able to maintain sources of cash to adequately fund operations and meet our obligations, including demands from depositors, draws on lines of credit and paying any creditors, on a timely and cost-effective basis, in various market conditions. Our liquidity profile is influenced by changes in market conditions, the composition of the balance sheet and risk tolerance levels. The Company has established liquidity guidelines and operating plans that detail the sources and uses of cash and liquidity.

The Company's primary sources of liquidity include deposits, loan payments and investment securities payments, both principal and interest, borrowings, and proceeds from the sale of loans and investment securities. Borrowings include advances from the FHLB, federal funds purchased, borrowings from the Bank Term Funding Program and borrowings from other financial institutions. Additionally, the Company may sell stock or issue long-term debt to raise funds. While scheduled principal
50


repayments on loans and investment securities are a relatively predictable source of funds, deposit inflows and outflows and prepayments of loans and investment securities are greatly influenced by interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

The Company’s contractual cash flow obligations include the maturity of certificates of deposit, short-term and long-term borrowings, interest on certificates of deposit and borrowings, operating leases and fees for information technology related services and professional services. Obligations for certificates of deposit and short-term borrowings are typically satisfied through the renewal of these instruments or the generation of new deposits or use of available short-term borrowings. Interest payments and obligations related to leases and services are typically met by cash generated from our operations. The Company has $65 million of Senior Notes which mature in 2026 which it expects to pay off from available cash or from the issuance of new debt.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank had available borrowing capacity of $1.6 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, from the FHLB, and $853 million and $710 million, respectively, from the FRBSF and $1.1 billion, in both periods, under borrowing lines established with other financial institutions.

Cash Flows

For the quarter ended March 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents increased by $105 million compared to an increase of $304 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2023. As excess liquidity can reduce the Company’s earnings and returns, the Company manages its cash positions to minimize the level of excess liquidity and does not attempt to maximize the level of cash and cash equivalents. The following discussion highlights the major activities and transactions that affected our cash flows during these periods.

Cash flows from operating activities

The Company's operating assets and liabilities are used to support our lending activities, including the origination and sale of mortgage loans. For the quarter ended March 31, 2024, net cash of $7.8 million was used in operating activities, as cash generated from operations was offset by cash used to fund LHFS in excess of proceeds from the sale of loans and increases in other assets. For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, net cash of $52 million was used in operating activities, primarily from cash proceeds from the purchase of trading securities and cash used to fund LHFS exceeding proceeds from the sale of loans.

Cash flows from investing activities

The Company's investing activities primarily include AFS investment securities and loans originated as held for investment. For the quarter ended March 31, 2024, net cash of $36 million was provided by investing activities primarily from principal repayments on AFS securities, partially offset by the origination of LHFI net of principal repayments and net FHLB stock purchases. For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, net cash of $269 million was provided by investing activities primarily from net cash acquired from an acquisition partially offset by the origination of LHFI net of principal repayments and the purchase of AFS investment securities and net FHLB stock purchases.

Cash flows from financing activities

The Company's financing activities are primarily related to deposits and net proceeds from borrowings. For the quarter ended March 31, 2024, net cash of $76 million was provided by financing activities, primarily due to by an increase in short-term and long-term borrowings, partially offset by decreases in deposits. For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, net cash of $87 million was provided by financing activities, primarily due to an increase in short-term and long-term borrowings partially offset by a decrease in deposits and dividends paid on our common stock.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we are a party to financial instruments that carry off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments (which include commitments to originate loans and commitments to purchase loans) include potential credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. These transactions are designed to (1) meet the financial needs of our customers, (2) manage our credit, market or liquidity risks, (3) diversify our funding sources and/or (4) optimize capital.

These commitments include the following:

(in thousands)At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
Unused consumer portfolio lines$599,576 $586,904 
Commercial portfolio lines (1)
653,192 648,609 
Commitments to fund loans19,644 38,426 
Total $1,272,412 $1,273,939 
(1) Within the commercial portfolio, undistributed construction loan proceeds, where the Company has an obligation to advance funds for construction progress payments were $414 million and $403 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.


Capital Resources and Dividend Policy

The capital rules applicable to United States based bank holding companies and federally insured depository institutions (“Capital Rules”) require the Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank (on a stand-alone basis) to meet specific capital adequacy requirements that, for the most part, involve quantitative measures, primarily in terms of the ratios of their capital to their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items, calculated under regulatory accounting practices. In addition, prompt corrective action regulations place a federally insured depository institution, such as the Bank, into one of five capital categories on the basis of its capital ratios: (i) well capitalized; (ii) adequately capitalized; (iii) undercapitalized; (iv) significantly undercapitalized; or (v) critically undercapitalized. A depository institution’s primary federal regulatory agency may determine that, based on certain qualitative assessments, the depository institution should be assigned to a lower capital category than the one indicated by its capital ratios. At each successive lower capital category, a depository institution is subject to greater operating restrictions and increased regulatory supervision by its federal bank regulatory agency.

The following table sets forth the capital and capital ratios of HomeStreet Inc. (on a consolidated basis) and HomeStreet Bank as compared to the respective regulatory requirements applicable to them:
At March 31, 2024
ActualFor Minimum Capital
Adequacy Purposes		To Be Categorized As
"Well Capitalized" 
(dollars in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
HomeStreet, Inc.
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
$669,490 6.90 %$388,113 4.0 %NANA
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)609,490 9.55 %287,337 4.5 %NANA
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)669,490 10.48 %383,116 6.0 %NANA
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)810,910 12.70 %510,822 8.0 %NANA
HomeStreet Bank
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
$808,549 8.34 %$387,900 4.0 %$484,875 5.0 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)808,549 12.67 %287,224 4.5 %414,880 6.5 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)808,549 12.67 %382,966 6.0 %510,621 8.0 %
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)851,564 13.34 %510,621 8.0 %638,276 10.0 %
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At December 31, 2023
ActualFor Minimum Capital
Adequacy Purposes		To Be Categorized As
"Well Capitalized" 
(dollars in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
HomeStreet, Inc.
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)$675,440 7.04 %$383,696 4.0 %NANA
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)615,440 9.66 %286,709 4.5 %NANA
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)675,440 10.60 %382,279 6.0 %NANA
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)818,075 12.84 %509,705 8.0 %NANA
HomeStreet Bank
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)$814,719 8.50 %$383,482 4.0 %$479,352 5.0 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)814,719 12.79 %286,569 4.5 %413,933 6.5 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)814,719 12.79 %382,092 6.0 %509,456 8.0 %
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)858,992 13.49 %509,456 8.0 %636,820 10.0 %

As of the dates set forth in the above table, the Company exceeded the minimum required capital ratios applicable to it and the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded the minimums necessary to qualify as a well-capitalized depository institution under the prompt corrective action regulations. In addition to the minimum capital ratios, both HomeStreet Inc. and HomeStreet Bank are required to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional Common Equity Tier 1 Capital of more than 2.5% above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses. The required ratios for capital adequacy set forth in the above table do not include the Capital Rules’ additional capital conservation buffer, though both the Company and Bank maintained capital ratios necessary to satisfy the capital conservation buffer requirements as of the dates indicated. At March 31, 2024, capital conservation buffers for the Company and the Bank were 4.48% and 5.34%, respectively.

The Company did not declare a cash dividend in the quarter and currently does not plan to pay any quarterly dividends in 2024. The amount and declaration of future cash dividends are subject to approval by our Board of Directors and certain statutory requirements and regulatory restrictions.

We had no material commitments for capital expenditures as of March 31, 2024.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain use certain non-GAAP measures of financial performance. In this Form 10-Q, we use the following non-GAAP measures: (i) tangible common equity and tangible assets as we believe this information is consistent with the treatment by bank regulatory agencies, which exclude intangible assets from the calculation of capital ratios; (ii) core income and effective tax rate on core income before taxes, which excludes goodwill impairment charges and merger related expenses and the related tax impact as we believe this measure is a better comparison to be used for projecting future results and (iii) an efficiency ratio which is the ratio of noninterest expense to the sum of net interest income and noninterest income, excluding certain items of income or expense and excluding taxes incurred and payable to the state of Washington as such taxes are not classified as income taxes and we believe including them in noninterest expense impacts the comparability of our results to those companies whose operations are in states where assessed taxes on business are classified as income taxes.

These supplemental performance measures may vary from, and may not be comparable to, similarly titled measures provided by other companies in our industry. Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, GAAP. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. A non-GAAP financial measure may also be a financial metric that is not required by GAAP or other applicable requirements.

We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by providing additional information used by management that is not otherwise required by GAAP or other applicable requirements. Our management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to, these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our operating results and when planning, forecasting and analyzing future periods. These non-GAAP financial measures also facilitate a comparison of our performance to prior periods. We believe these measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. In the information below, we have provided reconciliations of, where applicable, the most comparable GAAP financial measures to the non-GAAP measures used in this quarterly report, or a calculation of the non-GAAP financial measure.
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Reconciliations of non-GAAP results of operations to the nearest comparable GAAP measures:
 For the Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except ratio, rate and share data)
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2023
Core net income (loss)
Net income (loss)$(7,497)$(3,419)$5,058 
Adjustments (tax effected)
Merger related expenses2,028 1,170 — 
Total$(5,469)$(2,249)$5,058 
Core net income (loss) per fully diluted share
Fully diluted shares18,856,870 18,807,965 18,771,899 
Computed amount$(0.29)$(0.12)$0.27 
Return on average tangible equity (annualized)
Average shareholders' equity
$537,627 $513,758 $578,533 
Less: Average goodwill and other intangibles
(9,403)(10,149)(30,969)
Average tangible equity
$528,224 $503,609 $547,564 
Core net income (loss) (per above)$(5,469)$(2,249)$5,058 
Adjustments (tax effected)
Amortization on core deposit intangibles488 615 459 
Tangible income (loss) applicable to shareholders
$(4,981)$(1,634)$5,517 
Ratio
(3.8)%(1.3)%4.1 %
Efficiency ratio
Noninterest expense
Total
$52,164 $49,511 $52,491 
Adjustments:
Merger related expenses(2,600)(1,500)— 
State of Washington taxes(452)659 (555)
Adjusted total
$49,112 $48,670 $51,936 
Total revenues
Net interest income
$32,151 $34,989 $49,376 
Noninterest income
9,454 10,956 10,190 
Total$41,605 $45,945 $59,566 
Ratio118.0 %105.9 %87.2 %
Return on Average assets (annualized) - Core
Average Assets$9,502,189 $9,351,866 $9,530,705 
Core net income (loss) - per above(5,469)(2,249)5,058 
Ratio(0.23)%(0.10)%0.22 %
Effective tax rate used in computations above 22.0 %22.0 %22.0 %

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 As of
(in thousands, except ratio, rate and share data)
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Tangible book value per share
Shareholders' equity
$527,333 $538,387 
Less: intangible assets
(9,016)(9,641)
Tangible shareholder's equity
$518,317 $528,746 
Common shares outstanding
18,857,566 18,810,055 
Computed amount
$27.49 $28.11 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets
Tangible shareholder's equity (per above)
$518,317 $528,746 
Tangible assets
Total assets
$9,455,182 $9,392,450 
Less: intangible assets
(9,016)(9,641)
Net
$9,446,166 $9,382,809 
Ratio5.5 %5.6 %

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ITEM 3QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk Management

Market risk is defined as the sensitivity of income, fair value measurements and capital to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and other relevant market rates or prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are price and interest rate risks. Price risk is defined as the risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from changes in the value of either assets or liabilities that are entered into as part of distributing or managing risk. Interest rate risk is defined as risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from movements in interest rates.

For the Company, price and interest rate risks arise from the financial instruments and positions we hold. This includes loans, MSRs, investment securities, deposits, borrowings, long-term debt and derivative financial instruments. Due to the nature of our current operations, we are not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk. Our real estate loan portfolio is subject to risks associated with the local economies of our various markets, in particular, the regional economy of the western United States, including Hawaii.

The spread between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities and the relative dollar amounts of these assets and liabilities are the principal items affecting net interest income. Changes in net interest rates (interest rate risk) are influenced to a significant degree by the repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities (timing risk), the relationship between various rates (basis risk), customer options (option risk) and changes in the shape of the yield curve (time-sensitive risk). We manage the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio while maintaining a balance between risk and return. The Company's funding strategy is to grow deposits while we efficiently supplement using wholesale borrowings.

We estimate the sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates using an interest rate simulation model that includes assumptions related to the level of balance sheet growth, deposit repricing characteristics and the rate of prepayments for multiple interest rate change scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity depends on certain repricing characteristics in our interest-earnings assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the maturity structure of assets and liabilities and their repricing characteristics during the periods of changes in market interest rates. Effective interest rate risk management seeks to ensure both assets and liabilities respond to changes in interest rates within an acceptable timeframe, minimizing the impact of interest rate changes on net interest income and capital. Interest rate sensitivity is measured as the difference between the volume of assets and liabilities, at a point in time, which are subject to repricing at various time horizons, known as interest rate sensitivity gaps.
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The following table presents sensitivity gaps for these different intervals:
 
 At March 31, 2024
(in thousands)3 Mos.
or Less		More Than
3 Mos.
to 6 Mos.		More Than
6 Mos.
to 12 Mos.		More Than
12 Mos.
to 3 Yrs.		More Than
3 Yrs.
to 5 Yrs.		More Than
5 to 15 Yrs.		More Than
15 Yrs.		Non-Rate-
Sensitive		Total
Interest-earning assets:
Cash & cash equivalents$320,327 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $320,327 
FHLB Stock68,095 — — — — — 5,627 — 73,722 
Investment securities (1)
134,352 116,717 45,647 157,813 152,955 548,218 35,406 — 1,191,108 
 LHFS21,102 — — — — — — — 21,102 
LHFI (1)
1,301,538 418,824 552,931 1,944,290 1,915,452 1,234,902 76,792 — 7,444,729 
Total
1,845,414 535,541 598,578 2,102,103 2,068,407 1,783,120 117,825 — 9,050,988 
Non-interest-earning assets
— — — — — — — 404,194 404,194 
Total assets$1,845,414 $535,541 $598,578 $2,102,103 $2,068,407 $1,783,120 $117,825 $404,194 $9,455,182 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposit accounts (2)
$330,301 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $330,301 
Savings accounts (2)
256,383 — — — — — — — 256,383 
Money market
accounts (2)
1,536,341 — — — — — — — 1,536,341 
Certificates of deposit1,373,216 1,089,329 320,049 265,129 8,680 45 70 — 3,056,518 
FHLB advances284,000 — 225,000 800,000 200,000 — — — 1,509,000 
FRB borrowings300,000 — 285,000 — — — — — 585,000 
Long-term debt (3)
59,857 — — 165,000 — — — — 224,857 
Total
4,140,098 1,089,329 830,049 1,230,129 208,680 45 70 — 7,498,400 
Non-interest bearing liabilities
— — — — — — — 1,429,449 1,429,449 
Shareholders' Equity— — — — — — — 527,333 527,333 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$4,140,098 $1,089,329 $830,049 $1,230,129 $208,680 $45 $70 $1,956,782 $9,455,182 
Interest sensitivity gap$(2,294,684)$(553,788)$(231,471)$871,974 $1,859,727 $1,783,075 $117,755 
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap
Total
$(2,294,684)$(2,848,472)$(3,079,943)$(2,207,969)$(348,242)$1,434,833 $1,552,588 
As a % of total assets
(24)%(30)%(33)%(23)%(4)%15 %16 %
As a % of cumulative interest-bearing liabilities
45 %46 %49 %70 %95 %119 %121 %
(1)Based on contractual maturities, repricing dates and forecasted principal payments assuming normal amortization and, where applicable, prepayments.
(2)Assumes 100% of interest-bearing non-maturity deposits are subject to repricing in three months or less.
(3)Based on contractual maturity.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company is considered liability-sensitive as exhibited by the gap table. To reduce our net interest income sensitivity the Company has taken actions to extend the duration of its liabilities, both through increased levels of term certificates of deposit and the utilization of fixed-rate term borrowings.

Changes in the mix of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities can either increase or decrease the net interest margin, without affecting interest rate sensitivity. In addition, the interest rate spread between an earning asset and its funding liability can vary significantly, while the timing of repricing for both the asset and the liability remains the same, thereby impacting net interest income. This characteristic is referred to as basis risk. Varying interest rate environments can create unexpected changes in
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prepayment levels of assets and liabilities that are not reflected in the interest rate sensitivity analysis. These prepayments may have a significant impact on our net interest margin. Because of these factors, an interest sensitivity gap analysis may not provide an accurate assessment of our actual exposure to changes in interest rates.

The estimated impact on our net interest income over a time horizon of one year and the change in net portfolio value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are provided in the table below. For the scenarios shown, the interest rate simulation assumes an instantaneous and sustained shift in market interest rates and no change in the composition or size of the balance sheet.

 At March 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
Change in Interest Rates
(basis points) (1)
Percentage Change
Net Interest Income (2)
Net Portfolio Value (3)
Net Interest Income (2)
Net Portfolio Value (3)
+300(16.5)%(25.1)%(15.4)%(23.8)%
+200(10.1)%(14.7)%(9.4)%(13.9)%
+100(4.5)%(6.2)%(4.2)%(5.9)%
-1003.8 %2.6 %3.5 %1.9 %
-2007.2 %1.6 %6.6 %1.0 %
-30011.0 %(3.0)%10.9 %(6.7)%
(1)For purposes of our model, we assume interest rates will not go below zero. This "floor" limits the effect of a potential negative interest rate shock in a low rate environment.
(2)This percentage change represents the impact to net interest income for a one-year period, assuming there is no change in the structure of the balance sheet.
(3)This percentage change represents the impact to the net present value of equity, assuming there is no change in the structure of the balance sheet.

The changes in interest rate sensitivity between December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024 reflected the impact of higher market interest rates, a flat to inverted yield curve and changes to overall balance sheet composition. Some of the assumptions made in the simulation model may not materialize and unanticipated events and circumstances will occur. In addition, the simulation model does not take into account any future actions that we could undertake to mitigate an adverse impact due to changes in interest rates from those expected, in the actual level of market interest rates or competitive influences on our deposits.

Current Banking Environment

Industry events, including bank failures, have led to uncertainty and concerns regarding the liquidity positions of the banking sector. These failures underscore the importance of maintaining access to diverse sources of funding. Market conditions and external factors may unpredictably impact the competitive landscape for deposits in the banking industry. Additionally, the higher interest rate environment has increased competition for liquidity and the premium at which liquidity is available to meet funding needs. Reliance on secondary funding sources could increase the Company's overall cost of funding and reduce net interest income. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had available contingent liquidity of $5.1 billion which is equal to 78% of its total deposits and the level of uninsured deposits was 8% of total deposits. The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity to meet its current needs.
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ITEM 4CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our management and under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As required by Rule 13a-15(d), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Because the nature of our business involves, among other things, the collection of numerous accounts, the validity of liens and compliance with various state and federal laws, we are subject to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business related to foreclosures, bankruptcies, condemnation and quiet title actions and alleged statutory and regulatory violations. We are also subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business related to employment and other consumer matters. We do not expect that these proceedings, either individually or taken as a whole, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or our results of operations. There are currently no matters that, in the opinion of management, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated balance sheet, results of operations or liquidity, or for which there would be a reasonable possibility of such a loss based on information known at this time.

On April 11, 2024, a putative shareholder of the Company filed a complaint related to the pending Merger transaction in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Complaint”). The action is captioned as Marsha Ederer v. HomeStreet, Inc. et al., No. 24-cv-02748. The Complaint named as defendants the Company and the Company’s Board of Directors. The Complaint alleges, among other things, that the proxy statement/prospectus filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024 in connection with the Merger was materially incomplete and misleading. This, according to the Complaint, violated Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. The Complaint seeks, among other things: (i) an injunction enjoining the Merger, (ii) rescission or rescissory damages in the event the Merger contemplated by the Merger Agreement is consummated, (iii) direction that defendants cause a revised proxy statement/prospectus to be disseminated, (iv) costs of the action, including plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees and experts’ fees, and (v) other relief the court may deem just and proper. The Complaint remains pending, but no defendant in the case has been served, and the plaintiff has taken no steps to pursue the litigation.

Additional lawsuits arising out of the Merger may be filed in the future. There can be no assurance that any of the defendants will be successful in the outcome of any pending or any potential future lawsuits. HomeStreet believes that the Complaint is without merit and intends to defend vigorously against the Complaint.

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ITEM 1ARISK FACTORS

Refer to Item 1A of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for a discussion of factors that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those described in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than the updates to the risk factor set forth below.

Regulatory approvals may not be received, have taken longer than expected, or may impose conditions that are not presently anticipated or that could have an adverse effect on the combined company following the Merger.

Before the Merger may be completed, various consents, approvals, waiver or non-objections must be obtained from state and federal governmental authorities, including the Federal Reserve Board, the Texas Department of Banking and the Director of the State of Washington Department of Financial Institutions. Satisfying the requirements of these governmental authorities have delayed and may further delay the completion of the Merger, or one or more of these approvals may not be obtained at all. In addition, these governmental authorities may include conditions or restrictions on the completion of the Merger, or require changes to the terms of the Merger. Under the Merger Agreement, the parties are not obligated to complete the Merger should any required regulatory approval contain any condition or restriction that would reasonably be expected to have a “material adverse effect” (as defined in the Merger Agreement) on the surviving entity in the Merger and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, after giving effect to the Merger and the related merger of HomeStreet Bank into a wholly owned subsidiary of FirstSun.

Because the market price of FirstSun common stock will fluctuate, the Company’s shareholders cannot be certain of the market value of the Merger consideration they will receive.

In the Merger, each share of Company common stock that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (except for certain excluded shares) will be converted into 0.3867 of a share of FirstSun common stock. This exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted for changes in the market price of either FirstSun common stock or Company common stock. Stock price changes may result from a variety of factors, including general market and economic conditions, changes in FirstSun’s and the Company’s businesses, operations and prospects, volatility in the prices of securities in global financial markets, including market prices for the common stock of other banking companies, and changes in laws and regulations, many of which are beyond FirstSun’s and the Company’s control. The value that the Company’s shareholders will receive upon the closing of the Merger will depend on the market price of FirstSun common stock at the closing of the Merger, which is currently traded only on the OTC Bulletin Board but is expected to be approved for listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market prior to the effective time of the Merger. Accordingly, at the time of the shareholder meeting of the Company to vote on the Merger Agreement, shareholders may not know the market value of the consideration that they will receive upon completion of the Merger.

Issuance of shares of FirstSun common stock in connection with the Merger may adversely affect the market price of FirstSun common stock.

In connection with the payment of the merger consideration, FirstSun will issue shares of FirstSun common stock to the Company’s shareholders. In addition, FirstSun will issue up to approximately 4.8 million shares of its common stock to certain investors in exchange for up to $155 million concurrently with the closing of the Merger. The issuance of these new shares of FirstSun common stock may result in fluctuations in the market price of FirstSun common stock, including a stock price decrease.

In connection with the Merger, FirstSun will assume the Company’s outstanding debt obligations under its indentures and issue subordinated debt, and the combined company’s level of indebtedness following the completion of the Merger could adversely affect the combined company’s ability to raise additional capital and to meet its obligations under its existing indebtedness.

In connection with the Merger, FirstSun will assume the Company’s outstanding debt obligations under the Company’s indentures. In addition, FirstSun is expected to issue prior to or as of the closing of the Merger at least $48.5 million of subordinated debt. FirstSun’s existing debt, together with any future incurrence of additional indebtedness, and the assumption of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness and issuance of subordinated debt in connection with the Merger, could have important consequences for the combined company’s creditors and the combined company’s stockholders. For example, it could:

•limit the combined company’s ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes;
61

•restrict the combined company from making strategic acquisitions or cause the combined company to make non-strategic divestitures;
•restrict the combined company from paying dividends to its stockholders;
•increase the combined company’s vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions; and
•require a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on the combined company’s indebtedness, thereby reducing the combined company’s ability to use cash flows to fund its operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities.


The Merger Agreement limits the Company’s ability to pursue alternatives to the Merger and may discourage other companies from trying to acquire the Company.

The Merger Agreement contains “no shop” covenants that restrict each of FirstSun’s and the Company’s ability to, directly or indirectly, among other things, initiate, solicit, knowingly encourage or knowingly facilitate, inquiries or proposals with respect to, or, subject to certain exceptions generally related to the exercise of fiduciary duties by FirstSun’s and the Company’s respective board of directors, engage in any negotiations concerning, or provide any confidential or non-public information or data relating to, any acquisition proposal. These provisions, which include a $10 million termination fee payable by the Company under certain circumstances (which may be reduced to $2.6 million if the Company or FirstSun terminates the Merger Agreement after the Company receives a competing proposal that constitutes a superior proposal under the Merger Agreement prior to 11:59 p.m. New York time on May 30, 2024), may discourage a potential third-party acquirer that might have an interest in acquiring all or a significant part of the Company from considering or proposing that acquisition.

Holders of Company common stock will have reduced ownership and voting interest in the combined company after the consummation of the Merger and have less influence over management and the policies of the combined company.

Shareholders of FirstSun and the Company currently have the right to vote in the election of the board of directors and on other matters affecting FirstSun and the Company, respectively. Assuming the Merger is completed, each Company shareholder (subject to certain exceptions) will become a holder of common stock of the combined company, together with existing FirstSun stockholders. The Company shareholders will then own approximately 19% of the combined company (after taking into account up to approximately 4.8 million shares to be issued to such equity investors concurrently with the closing of the Merger). Because of this, the Company’s shareholders in the aggregate will have less influence on the management and policies of the combined company than they now have on the management and policies of the Company.

Shareholder litigation could prevent or delay the completion of the Merger or otherwise negatively impact the business and operations of FirstSun and the Company.

On April 11, 2024, a putative shareholder of the Company filed a complaint against the Company and the Company’s Board of Directors in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Complaint”), alleging, among other things, that the proxy statement/prospectus filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024 in connection with the Merger was materially incomplete and misleading. The Complaint seeks remedies, including an injunction enjoining the Merger and rescission or rescissory damages in the event the Merger contemplated by the Merger Agreement is consummated. Additional lawsuits may be filed in the future.

One of the conditions to the closing is that there must be no order, injunction or decree issued by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint preventing the consummation of the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. If any plaintiff were successful in obtaining an injunction prohibiting FirstSun or the Company from completing the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, then such injunction may delay or prevent the effectiveness of the Merger and could result in significant costs to FirstSun or the Company, including any cost associated with the indemnification of directors and officers of each company. FirstSun and the Company may incur additional costs in connection with the defense or settlement of any stockholder or shareholder lawsuits filed in connection with the Merger. Such litigation could have an adverse effect on the financial condition and results of operations of FirstSun and the Company and could prevent or delay the completion of the Merger.



62

ITEM 2UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS


Sales of Unregistered Securities
There were no sales of unregistered securities during the first quarter of 2024.

ITEM 3DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

63

ITEM 6EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number		Description
2.1
2.2
31.1
31.2
32 (1)
101 INSInline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1)
This exhibit shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

64

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Seattle, State of Washington, on May 8, 2024.
 
HomeStreet, Inc.
By:/s/ Mark K. Mason
 Mark K. Mason
 President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)


HomeStreet, Inc.
By:/s/ John M. Michel
 John M. Michel
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

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