UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2025
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-42509
STRATEGY INC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
51-0323571
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
1850 Towers Crescent Plaza, Tysons Corner, VA
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
22182
(Zip Code)
(703) 848-8600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
MicroStrategy Incorporated
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Trading Symbol
Name of Each Exchange on which Registered
10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share
STRF
The Nasdaq Global Select Market
Variable Rate Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share
STRC
8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share
STRK
10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share
STRD
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share
MSTR
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 30, 2025, the registrant had 267,713,485 and 19,640,250 shares of class A common stock and class B common stock outstanding, respectively.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1
Item 1.
Financial Statements (unaudited)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
3
Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
4
Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
36
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
58
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
59
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
60
Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 5.
Other Information
61
Item 6.
Exhibits
62
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
September 30,
December 31,
2025
2024
(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
54,285
38,117
Restricted cash
1,915
1,780
Accounts receivable, net
113,406
181,203
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
44,345
31,224
Total current assets
213,951
252,324
Digital assets
73,205,725
23,909,373
Property and equipment, net
29,949
26,327
Right-of-use assets
49,236
54,560
Deposits and other assets
114,342
75,794
Deferred tax assets, net
5,835
1,525,307
Total assets
73,619,038
25,843,685
Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and operating lease liabilities
48,723
52,982
Accrued compensation and employee benefits
44,514
58,362
Accrued interest
29,896
5,549
Current portion of long-term debt, net
316
517
Deferred revenue and advance payments
200,641
237,974
Total current liabilities
324,090
355,384
Long-term debt, net
8,173,587
7,191,158
3,450
4,970
Operating lease liabilities
48,162
56,403
Other long-term liabilities
4,790
5,379
Deferred tax liabilities
6,947,911
407
Total liabilities
15,501,990
7,613,701
Commitments and Contingencies
Mezzanine Equity
10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 33,200 shares authorized, 11,948 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025; redemption value and liquidation preference of $1,332,115 at September 30, 2025
1,091,342
0
Variable Rate Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 70,435 shares authorized, 28,011 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025; redemption value and liquidation preference of $2,801,111 at September 30, 2025
2,473,800
8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 269,800 shares authorized, 13,606 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025; redemption value and liquidation preference of $1,360,587 at September 30, 2025
1,193,240
10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 61,176 shares authorized, 12,322 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025; redemption value and liquidation preference of $1,232,214 at September 30, 2025
1,027,948
Total mezzanine equity
5,786,330
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock undesignated, $0.001 par value; 570,389 and 5,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; 10,330,000 and 330,000 shares authorized, 267,468 and 226,138 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
267
226
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value; 165,000 shares authorized, 19,640 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
20
Additional paid-in capital
33,390,487
20,411,998
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(5,113
)
(15,384
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
18,945,057
(2,166,876
Total stockholders’ equity
52,330,718
18,229,984
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders' equity
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
Revenues:
Product licenses
17,373
11,087
31,820
33,311
Subscription services
45,972
27,800
123,899
74,846
Total product licenses and subscription services
63,345
38,887
155,719
108,157
Product support
51,118
61,015
155,728
185,440
Other services
14,228
16,169
42,798
49,162
Total revenues
128,691
116,071
354,245
342,759
Cost of revenues:
632
769
2,765
2,130
19,594
11,454
49,929
29,618
20,226
12,223
52,694
31,748
7,157
8,572
21,802
25,312
10,630
13,554
33,238
38,239
Total cost of revenues
38,013
34,349
107,734
95,299
Gross profit
90,678
81,722
246,511
247,460
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing
29,908
35,414
91,131
103,116
Research and development
22,602
33,301
71,096
92,795
General and administrative
38,173
33,505
115,220
104,300
Unrealized gain on digital assets
(3,890,847
(12,032,356
Digital asset impairment losses
412,084
783,807
Total operating expenses
(3,800,164
514,304
(11,754,909
1,084,018
Income (loss) from operations
3,890,842
(432,582
12,001,420
(836,558
Interest expense, net
(18,890
(18,129
(53,893
(45,476
Loss on debt extinguishment
(22,933
Other (expense) income, net
(716
(5,034
(12,923
(2,644
Income (loss) before income taxes
3,871,236
(478,678
11,934,604
(907,611
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
1,086,212
(138,504
3,346,104
(411,760
Net income (loss)
2,785,024
(340,174
8,588,500
(495,851
Dividends on preferred stock
(139,898
(198,040
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Strategy
2,645,126
8,390,460
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (1)
9.30
(1.72
30.83
(2.71
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic
284,376
197,273
272,143
182,695
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (1)
8.42
27.71
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Diluted
315,393
303,986
(1)Basic and fully diluted earnings per common share for class A and class B common stock are the same.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(93
3,970
10,271
1,864
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss)
2,784,931
(336,204
8,598,771
(493,987
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
(in thousands, unaudited)
Stockholders' Equity
Perpetual
Total
Class A
Class B Convertible
Additional
Accumulated Other
Retained Earnings
Preferred Stock
Stockholders'
Common Stock
Paid-in
Comprehensive
(Accumulated
Shares
Amount
Equity
Capital
Loss
Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2025
226,138
19,640
Opening balance adjustment due to the adoption of ASU 2023-08, net of tax
12,746,378
Other
(1,097
Net loss
(4,217,370
Other comprehensive income
3,417
Preferred stock cash dividends declared
(9,188
Issuance of class A common stock upon exercise of stock options
9,418
271
Issuance of class A common stock under employee stock purchase plan
2,703
26
Issuance of class A common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of withholding taxes
104
Issuance of class A common stock under public offerings, net of issuance costs
4,399,205
12,625
13
4,399,192
Issuance of class A common stock upon conversions of convertible senior notes
1,045,132
7,373
1,045,124
Share-based compensation expense
12,654
Issuance of Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock
7,650
593,624
Issuance of Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock
8,500
710,873
Balance at March 31, 2025
16,150
1,304,497
32,221,236
246,537
247
25,881,089
(11,967
6,351,847
Net income
10,020,846
6,947
(48,954
12,451
325
230
5,248,692
14,225
14
5,248,678
84
15,742
4,551
446,770
1,567
163,168
Issuance of Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock
11,765
979,486
Balance at June 30, 2025
34,033
2,893,921
47,477,044
261,318
261
31,158,044
(5,020
16,323,739
(163,706
14,870
389
2,732
2,199,360
5,712
2,199,354
15,483
1,404
152,846
1,882
217,301
557
48,462
Issuance of Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred Stock
28,011
Balance at September 30, 2025
65,887
267,468
5
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024
Treasury Stock
Balance at January 1, 2024
2,164,972
157,725
24
3,957,728
(8,684
(782,104
(11,444
(999,234
(53,118
Other comprehensive loss
(1,725
136,088
5,731
2,071
69
(1,273
39
137,152
1,952
15,938
Balance at March 31, 2024
2,400,105
165,516
4,247,704
(13,169
(1,052,352
(102,559
(381
17,261
1,215
(932
311
500,815
12,672
500,813
20,490
Balance at June 30, 2024
2,834,799
179,714
4,785,336
(782,104.0
(13,550
(1,154,911
Par value adjustment for class A and B common stock issued upon stock split
157
18
(175
4,192
193
4,191
2,233
25
(1
53
1,105,141
8,048
1,105,133
144,349
3,651
19,140
Balance at September 30, 2024
3,773,649
191,684
192
6,060,206
(9,580
(1,495,085
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
19,888
12,679
Reduction in carrying amount of right-of-use assets
6,796
6,228
Deferred taxes
3,336,445
(420,038
43,044
57,789
Amortization of issuance costs on long-term debt
18,911
10,231
22,933
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
24,324
27,636
(19,129
4,868
1,720
(6,748
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
6,709
(8,318
(40,399
(26,383
421
4,444
7,027
3,484
(8,001
(7,832
488
(4,637
Net cash used in operating activities
(45,612
(35,708
Investing activities:
Purchases of digital assets
(19,382,948
(4,008,210
Advance deposits on purchases of property and equipment
(27,000
Purchases of property and equipment
(7,628
(2,694
Net cash used in investing activities
(19,417,576
(4,010,904
Financing activities:
Proceeds from convertible senior notes
2,000,000
3,213,750
Issuance costs paid for convertible senior notes
(15,057
(53,524
Payments to settle conversions and redemption of convertible senior notes
(143
(398
Repayments of secured debt and third-party extinguishment costs
(515,325
Proceeds from other long-term secured debt, net of lender fees
21,000
Principal payments of other long-term secured debt
(423
(401
Proceeds from sale of preferred stock under public offerings
5,888,450
Issuance costs paid related to sale of preferred stock under public offerings
(106,859
Dividends paid on preferred stock
(197,922
Proceeds from sale of common stock under public offerings
11,865,945
1,246,478
Issuance costs paid related to sale of common stock under public offerings
(20,323
(4,185
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
36,739
157,541
Proceeds from sales under employee stock purchase plan
5,435
4,304
Payment of withholding tax on vesting of restricted stock units
(2,173
Net cash provided by financing activities
19,476,842
4,046,067
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
2,649
77
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
16,303
(468
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period
39,897
48,673
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period
56,200
48,205
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Strategy Inc (“Strategy,” or the “Company”) are unaudited. On August 11, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware an amendment to its Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as amended and supplemented to date, its “Certificate of Incorporation”), to effect a change of its name from “MicroStrategy Incorporated” to “Strategy Inc”. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.
On July 11, 2024, the Company announced a 10-for-1 stock split of the Company’s class A common stock and class B common stock. The stock split was effected by means of a stock dividend to the holders of record of the Company’s class A common stock and class B common stock as of the close of business on August 1, 2024, the record date for the dividend. Shares held in treasury by the Company were not impacted by the stock split. The dividend was distributed after the close of trading on August 7, 2024 and trading commenced on a split-adjusted basis at market open on August 8, 2024. As a result of the stock split, all applicable share, per share, and equity award information has been retroactively adjusted in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements to reflect the stock split for all periods presented.
The Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are presented as required by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s annual financial statements and notes. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the notes thereto filed with the SEC in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no significant changes in the Company’s accounting policies since December 31, 2024, except as discussed below in (b) Digital Assets related to ASU 2023-08.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
(b) Digital Assets
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets (“ASU 2023-08”). ASU 2023-08 requires in-scope crypto assets (including the Company's bitcoin holdings) to be measured at fair value in the statement of financial position, with gains and losses from changes in the fair value of such crypto assets recognized in net income each reporting period. ASU 2023-08 also requires certain interim and annual disclosures for crypto assets within the scope of the standard. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2025 on a prospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Prior periods were not restated. As a result, the Company’s financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not directly comparable to the financial results for earlier periods. See Note 3, Digital Assets, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
The adoption of ASU 2023-08 resulted in the following impacts as of January 1, 2025:
December 31, 2024
Effect of the Adoption
January 1, 2025
Consolidated Balance Sheet
As Reported
of ASU 2023-08
As Adjusted
17,881,048
41,790,421
Deferred tax assets
(1,165,605
359,702
3,969,065
3,969,472
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings
10,579,502
Although the Company continues to initially record its bitcoin purchases at cost, subsequent to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-08 on January 1, 2025, any increases or decreases in fair value are recognized as incurred in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations, and the fair value of the Company’s bitcoin is reflected within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets each reporting period-end. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2023-08, the Company no longer accounts for its bitcoin under a cost-less-impairment accounting model and no longer establishes a deferred tax asset related to bitcoin impairment losses. Instead, the Company establishes a deferred tax liability if the market value of bitcoin at the reporting date is greater than the average cost basis of the Company’s bitcoin holdings at such reporting date, and any subsequent increases or decreases in the market value of bitcoin increases or decreases the deferred
tax liability. In determining the gain (loss) to be recognized upon sale, the Company calculates the difference between the sales price and carrying value of the specific bitcoin sold immediately prior to sale.
The U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) in August 2022. Among other things, unless an exemption by statute or regulation applies, a provision of the IRA would impose a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) on a corporation with respect to an initial tax year and subsequent tax years, if the average annual adjusted financial statement income (“AFSI”) for any consecutive three-tax-year period preceding the initial tax year exceeds $1 billion. On September 12, 2024, the Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) issued proposed regulations with respect to the application of the CAMT. Following the Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-08, the Company previously disclosed that, given the magnitude of the unrealized gain on its digital assets as of June 30, 2025, the Company expected that it would become subject to CAMT in the tax years beginning in 2026 and beyond. On September 30, 2025, the Treasury and the IRS issued interim guidance (the “Interim Guidance”) which, in relevant part, clarifies that a corporation may disregard unrealized gains and losses on its digital asset holdings when computing AFSI for purposes of determining whether it is subject to the 15% CAMT under the IRA. The Treasury and IRS intend to issue revised proposed regulations similar to this Interim Guidance. Pursuant to the Interim Guidance, the Company plans to exclude its unrealized gains and losses on its bitcoin holdings from the calculation of its AFSI for purposes of determining whether it is subject to CAMT. As a result, the Company no longer expects to become subject to CAMT due to unrealized gains on its bitcoin holdings.
(c) Redeemable Preferred Stock
As of September 30, 2025, the following series of preferred stock of the Company were outstanding: (i) 10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock (“STRF Stock”), (ii) Variable Rate Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred Stock (“STRC Stock”), (iii) 8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock (“STRK Stock”), and (iv) 10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock (“STRD Stock”). In these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock are collectively referred to as “Preferred Stock.” In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, each series of Preferred Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2025 is classified within mezzanine equity, as certain events that could cause shares of each such series of Preferred Stock to become redeemable are not solely within the control of the Company. In each case, the shares are initially recognized based on proceeds received, net of issuance costs, and are not accreted to their redemption value unless it becomes probable that the shares will become redeemable. Refer to Note 9, Redeemable Preferred Stock and Note 14, Subsequent Events for further discussion.
(d) Segment Reporting
The Company has adopted ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”) for the year ended December 31, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025 as reflected in Note 12, Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including retroactive application to all prior periods presented. Refer to Note 3, Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 for further discussion.
(2) Recent Accounting Standards
Income Taxes
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures surrounding income taxes, particularly related to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. In particular, on an annual basis, companies will be required to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Companies will also be required to disclose, on an annual basis, the amount of income taxes paid, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, and also disaggregated by individual jurisdictions above a quantitative threshold. The standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025 on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted for all prior periods presented. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for the annual period ending December 31, 2025 and is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its disclosures.
(3) Digital Assets
The Company accounts for its digital assets, which are comprised solely of bitcoin, as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other and ASU 2023-08. The Company’s digital assets are initially recorded at cost. Subsequent to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-08 on January 1, 2025, bitcoin assets are measured at fair value as of each reporting period. The Company determines the fair value of its bitcoin in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on quoted (unadjusted) prices on the Coinbase exchange, the active exchange that the Company has determined is its principal market for bitcoin (Level 1 inputs). Changes in fair value are recognized as incurred in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations, within “Unrealized gain on digital assets”, within operating expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.
9
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-08, the Company’s digital assets were initially recorded at cost, and subsequently measured at cost, net of any impairment losses incurred since acquisition. Impairment losses were recognized as “Digital asset impairment losses” in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period in which the impairment occurred. Gains (if any) were not recorded until realized upon sale, at which point they were presented net of any impairment losses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table summarizes the Company’s digital asset holdings (in thousands, except number of bitcoins), as of:
Approximate number of bitcoins held
640,031
447,470
Digital asset carrying value
Cumulative digital asset impairment losses
n/a
4,058,875
The carrying value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at each period-end prior to the adoption of ASC 2023-08 represented the lowest fair value (based on Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy) of the bitcoin at any time since their acquisition. Therefore, these fair value measurements were made during the period from their acquisition through December 31, 2024.
The following table summarizes the Company’s digital asset purchases, unrealized losses (gains) on digital assets as calculated after the adoption of ASU 2023-08 on January 1, 2025, and digital asset impairment losses as calculated prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-08 (in thousands, except number of bitcoins) for the periods indicated. The Company did not sell any of its bitcoins during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024, respectively.
Approximate number of bitcoins purchased
42,706
25,889
192,561
63,070
Digital asset purchases
4,952,080
1,575,073
19,382,948
4,008,210
From time to time, the Company’s execution partners may extend short-term credits to the Company to purchase bitcoin in advance of using cash funds in the Company’s trading account. Trade credits are due and payable after the bitcoin purchases are completed. In 2025, certain bitcoin of the Company and MacroStrategy LLC (“MacroStrategy”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and in 2024, certain bitcoin of MacroStrategy, were subject to a first priority security interest and lien in order to secure payments owed by the Company with respect to these arrangements. While trade credits are outstanding, the Company may incur interest fees and be required to maintain minimum balances in its trading and custody accounts with such execution partners. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had no outstanding trade credits payable.
The vast majority of the Company’s assets are concentrated in its bitcoin holdings. Bitcoin is a digital asset, which is a novel asset class that is subject to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty. Holding bitcoin does not generate any cash flows and involves custodial fees and other costs. Additionally, the price of bitcoin has historically experienced significant price volatility, and a significant decrease in the price of bitcoin would adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company’s strategy of acquiring and holding bitcoin also exposes it to counterparty risks with respect to the custody of its bitcoin, cybersecurity risks, and other risks inherent to holding a digital asset. In particular, the Company is subject to the risk that, if its private keys with respect to its digital assets are lost or destroyed or other similar circumstances or events occur, the Company may lose some or all of its digital assets, which could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
(4) Contract Balances
The Company invoices its customers in accordance with billing schedules established in each contract. The Company’s rights to consideration from customers are presented separately in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets depending on whether those rights are conditional or unconditional.
The Company presents unconditional rights to consideration from customers within “Accounts receivable, net” in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. All of the Company’s contracts are generally non-cancellable and/or non-refundable, and therefore an unconditional right generally exists when the customer is billed or amounts are billable per the contract.
10
Accounts receivable (in thousands) consisted of the following, as of:
Billed and billable
115,863
183,391
Less: allowance for credit losses
(2,457
(2,188
Changes in the allowance for credit losses were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Rights to consideration that are subject to a condition other than the passage of time are considered contract assets until they are expected to become unconditional and transfer to accounts receivable. Current contract assets included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of $4.7 million and $2.6 million, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to performance obligations or services being rendered in advance of future invoicing associated with multi-year contracts and accrued sales and usage-based royalty revenue. In royalty-based arrangements, consideration is not billed or billable until the royalty reporting is received, generally in the subsequent quarter, at which time the contract asset transfers to accounts receivable and a true-up adjustment is recorded to revenue. These true-up adjustments are generally not material. Non-current contract assets included in “Deposits and other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of $11.1 million and $6.8 million, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to performance obligations or services being rendered in advance of future invoicing associated with multi-year contracts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no significant impairments to the Company’s contract assets, nor were there any significant changes in the timing of the Company’s contract assets being reclassified to accounts receivable.
Contract liabilities are amounts received or due from customers in advance of the Company transferring the software or services to the customer. In the case of multi-year service contract arrangements, the Company generally does not invoice more than one year in advance of services and does not record deferred revenue for amounts that have not been invoiced. Revenue is subsequently recognized in the period(s) in which control of the software or services is transferred to the customer. The Company’s contract liabilities are presented as either current or non-current “Deferred revenue and advance payments” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, depending on whether the software or services are expected to be transferred to the customer within the next year.
The Company’s “Accounts receivable, net” and “Deferred revenue and advance payments” balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets include unpaid amounts related to contracts under which the Company has an enforceable right to invoice the customer for non-cancellable and/or non-refundable software and services. Changes in accounts receivable and changes in deferred revenue and advance payments are presented net of these unpaid amounts in “Operating activities” in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Deferred revenue and advance payments (in thousands) from customers consisted of the following, as of:
Current:
Deferred product licenses revenue
1,429
1,777
Deferred subscription services revenue
109,763
107,119
Deferred product support revenue
86,962
124,684
Deferred other services revenue
2,487
4,394
Total current deferred revenue and advance payments
Non-current:
111
174
656
2,263
2,655
2,111
28
422
Total non-current deferred revenue and advance payments
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized revenues of $52.2 million and $209.0 million, respectively, from amounts included in the total deferred revenue and advance payments balances at the beginning of 2025. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenues of $50.2 million and $195.2 million, respectively, from amounts included in the total deferred revenue and advance payments balances at the beginning of 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no significant changes in the timing of revenue recognition on the Company’s deferred balances.
11
The Company’s remaining performance obligation represents all future revenue under contract and includes deferred revenue and advance payments and billable non-cancellable amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The remaining performance obligation excludes contracts that are billed in arrears, such as certain time and materials contracts. The portions of multi-year contracts that will be invoiced in the future are not presented on the balance sheet within accounts receivable and deferred revenues and are instead included in the following remaining performance obligations disclosure. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had an aggregate transaction price of $462.4 million allocated to the remaining performance obligation related to subscription services, product support, product licenses, and other services contracts. The Company expects to recognize $280.0 million within the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.
(5) Long-term Debt
The net carrying value of the Company’s outstanding debt (in thousands) consisted of the following, as of:
September 30, 2025
2027 Convertible Notes
1,041,352
2028 Convertible Notes
1,001,683
998,543
2029 Convertible Notes
2,980,495
2,975,037
2030A Convertible Notes
788,121
785,172
2030B Convertible Notes
1,987,864
2031 Convertible Notes
596,228
594,476
2032 Convertible Notes
789,433
787,417
Other long-term secured debt
30,079
9,678
8,173,903
7,191,675
Reported as:
Convertible Senior Notes
As of September 30, 2025, the following convertible notes were outstanding (the “Outstanding Convertible Notes”):
Additionally, the Company also previously issued, in February 2021, the $1.050 billion aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Convertible Notes”, and together with the Outstanding Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). All of the 2027 Convertible Notes were redeemed or converted into the Company’s class A common stock during the first quarter of 2025.
Each of the Convertible Notes were issued in a private offering. The Outstanding Convertible Notes are, and the 2027 Convertible Notes were, senior unsecured obligations of the Company ranking senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The following table summarizes the key terms of each of the Convertible Notes (principal at inception, net proceeds, and issuance costs are each reported in thousands):
12
Issuance Date
February 2021
September 2024
November 2024
March 2024
February 2025
June 2024
Maturity Date (1)
February 15, 2027
September 15, 2028
December 1, 2029
March 15, 2030
March 1, 2030
March 15, 2031
June 15, 2032
Principal at Inception
1,050,000
1,010,000
3,000,000
800,000
603,750
Stated Interest Rate (2)
0.000
%
0.625
0.875
2.250
Interest Payment Dates (3)
February 15 & August 15
March 15 & September 15
June 1 & December 1
March 1 & September 1
June 15 & December 15
Net Proceeds
1,025,830
997,375
2,974,250
782,000
1,984,852
592,567
786,000
Issuance Costs (4)
24,170
25,750
18,000
15,148
11,183
14,000
Effective Interest Rate (4)
0.39
1.05
0.24
1.14
0.25
1.30
2.63
Date of Holder Put Option (5)
September 15, 2027
June 1, 2028
March 1, 2028
June 15, 2029
Initial Conversion Rate (6)
6.981
5.4589
1.4872
6.677
2.3072
4.297
4.894
Initial Conversion Price (7)
143.25
183.19
672.40
149.77
433.43
232.72
204.33
Convertible at any time after the following date (8) (9)
January 24, 2025
March 15, 2028
June 1, 2029
September 15, 2029
December 3, 2029
September 15, 2030
December 15, 2031
Not redeemable by the Company prior to the following date (10)
February 20, 2024
December 20, 2027
December 4, 2026
March 22, 2027
March 5, 2027
March 22, 2028
June 20, 2029
Redemption Date (11)
February 24, 2025
If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change,” as defined in the respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes prior to maturity, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their respective Convertible Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the respective Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
The respective indentures governing the Convertible Notes contain customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the applicable trustee of the respective Convertible Notes or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount outstanding of the respective Convertible Notes may declare 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all the respective Convertible Notes to be due and payable.
Although the Convertible Notes contain embedded conversion features, the Company accounts for the Convertible Notes in their entirety as a liability because the conversion features are indexed to the Company’s class A common stock and meet the criteria for classification in stockholders’ equity and therefore do not qualify for separate derivative accounting.
Conversions and Redemption of Convertible Notes
On January 24, 2025, the Company delivered a notice of full redemption to the trustee of the Company’s 2027 Convertible Notes for the redemption of all $1.05 billion in aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes then outstanding on February 24, 2025 (the “2027 Redemption Date”), at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any, to but excluding the 2027 Redemption Date, unless earlier converted. The Company elected to satisfy its conversion obligation with respect to the 2027 Convertible Notes by delivering solely shares of its class A common stock, together with cash in lieu of any fractional shares. Holders of the 2027 Convertible Notes requested to convert $1.050 billion in principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes for which the Company issued 7,373,528 shares of the Company’s class A common stock
and paid a nominal amount of cash in lieu of fraction shares upon settlement of such conversion requests, in accordance with the terms and provisions of the indenture governing the 2027 Convertible Notes.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company received from certain holders of the 2031 Convertible Notes requests to convert an immaterial principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes, which the Company settled in shares of class A common stock and cash in accordance with the terms and provisions of the indenture governing the 2031 Convertible Notes. The settlement was effected during the three months ended June 30, 2025. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company did not receive any requests to convert any Outstanding Convertible Notes. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company received a request to convert an immaterial principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes, which the Company settled in shares of class A common stock with fractional shares paid in cash during the three months ending December 31, 2025, in accordance with the terms and provisions of the indenture governing the 2031 Convertible Notes.
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company settled conversion requests in respect of $504.4 million in principal amount of the Company’s 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Convertible Notes”) resulting in the issuance of 12,672,400 shares of the Company’s class A common stock and payment of a nominal amount of cash in lieu of fractional shares in accordance with the terms and provisions of the indenture governing the 2025 Convertible Notes, and settled conversion requests in respect of $145.3 million in principal amount of the 2025 Convertible Notes during July 2024, resulting in the issuance of 3,650,650 shares of the Company’s class A common stock and payment of a nominal amount of cash in lieu of fractional shares, in each case in accordance with the terms and provisions of the indenture governing the 2025 Convertible Notes. There were no outstanding 2025 Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Collective Convertible Notes Disclosures
As of September 30, 2025, the maximum number of shares into which the Outstanding Convertible Notes could have been potentially converted if the conversion features were triggered at the conversion rates then in effect based on the Outstanding Convertible Notes then outstanding on such date was:
The 2028 Convertible Notes, 2030A Convertible Notes, 2031 Convertible Notes and 2032 Convertible Notes were convertible at the option of the holders during the three months ended September 30, 2025. See “Conversions and Redemption of Convertible Notes” above for additional information.
The Outstanding Convertible Notes may be convertible in future periods if one or more of the conversion conditions are satisfied during future measurement periods. As of September 30, 2025, the last reported sale price of the Company’s class A common stock for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended on, and including, September 30, 2025 was greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of each of the 2028 Convertible Notes, 2030A Convertible Notes, 2031 Convertible Notes and 2032 Convertible Notes on each applicable trading day. Therefore, the 2028 Convertible Notes, 2030A Convertible Notes, 2031 Convertible Notes and 2032 Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders of the respective Convertible Notes during the fourth quarter of 2025.
As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the net carrying value of the Convertible Notes was classified as a long-term liability in the “Long-term debt, net” line item in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table presents the net carrying value and fair value of the Company’s Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
15
Outstanding
Unamortized
Net Carrying
Fair Value
Principal Amount
Issuance Costs
Value
Leveling
(8,317
1,920,212
Level 2
(19,505
2,707,500
(11,879
1,783,280
(12,136
2,091,400
603,661
(7,433
948,412
(10,567
1,425,200
8,213,661
(69,837
8,143,824
10,876,004
(8,648
2,134,125
(11,457
1,927,828
(24,963
2,447,682
(14,828
1,657,323
(9,274
877,559
(12,583
1,324,602
7,263,750
(81,753
7,181,997
10,369,119
The fair value of the Convertible Notes is determined using observable market data other than quoted prices, specifically the last traded price at the end of the reporting period of identical instruments in the over-the-counter market (Level 2).
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 interest expense related to the Convertible Notes was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Contractual
Amortization of
Interest Expense
401
1,578
1,049
2,627
4,734
3,140
7,874
1,820
5,457
1,250
986
2,236
3,750
2,949
6,699
3,012
1,321
615
1,936
3,962
1,840
5,802
4,500
676
5,176
13,500
2,016
15,516
8,649
6,396
15,045
25,946
18,815
44,761
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
2025 Convertible Notes
23
38
2,371
1,494
3,865
1,012
3,033
127
320
974
2,224
2,819
2,194
5,013
608
1,929
2,833
1,300
4,133
659
5,159
5,150
754
5,904
7,287
3,395
10,682
13,366
8,902
22,268
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company paid $8.3 million and $25.5 million, respectively, in interest related to the Convertible Notes. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company paid $5.2 million and $7.6
16
million, respectively, in interest related to the Convertible Notes. The Company has not paid any additional interest or special interest related to the Convertible Notes to date.
Senior Secured Notes
On June 14, 2021, the Company issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (“2028 Secured Notes”) in a private offering. The 2028 Secured Notes bore interest at a fixed rate of 6.125% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2021. The Company redeemed all of the 2028 Secured Notes on September 26, 2024 at a redemption price equal to 103.063% of the principal amount of the 2028 Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, September 26, 2024 (the “Redemption Price”).
The Redemption Price consisted of a $515.3 million payment to redeem the full $500.0 million outstanding principal amount of the 2028 Secured Notes as of September 26, 2024 and an $8.6 million payment for accrued unpaid interest on the 2028 Secured Notes to but excluding September 26, 2024. The Company also incurred $0.1 million in third party fees in connection with the redemption of the 2028 Secured Notes. The net carrying value of the 2028 Secured Notes as of September 26, 2024, immediately prior to their redemption, was $492.5 million, which resulted in a $22.9 million loss on debt extinguishment recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations in the third quarter of 2024.
For additional information about the 2028 Secured Notes, see Note 8 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
In June 2022, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a secured term loan agreement in the amount of $11.1 million, bearing interest at an annual rate of 5.2%, and maturing in June 2027. The loan is secured by certain non-bitcoin assets of the Company that are not otherwise serving as collateral for any of the Company’s other indebtedness.
In June 2025, the Company entered into a loan agreement that provides for aggregate borrowings of up to $31.1 million, available in multiple tranches, to fund a capital asset purchase. Amounts outstanding under the loan bear interest, with respect to each tranche, at a variable rate equal to the one-year Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 4.24%. The loan is secured by non-bitcoin assets that do not and will not otherwise serve as collateral for any of the Company’s other indebtedness. The loan will mature in 2026.
After monthly payments made under the terms of these other long-term secured debt agreements, the other long-term secured debt had an aggregate net carrying value of $30.1 million and $9.7 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $30.5 million and $9.8 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $0.3 million and $0.5 million of the respective net carrying values were short-term and were presented in “Current portion of long-term debt, net” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Maturities
The following table shows the maturities of the Company’s debt instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands). The principal payments related to the 2028 Convertible Notes, 2029 Convertible Notes, 2030A Convertible Notes, 2030B Convertible Notes, 2031 Convertible Notes, and 2032 Convertible Notes are included in the table below as if the holders exercised their right to require the Company to repurchase all of the respective convertible notes on their respective Date of Holder Put Option.
Payments due by period ended September 30,
2026
592
2027
29,870
1,039,870
2028
6,403,661
2029
2030
Thereafter
30,462
8,244,123
17
(6) Commitments and Contingencies
(a) Commitments
From time to time, the Company enters into certain types of contracts that require it to indemnify parties against third-party claims. These contracts primarily relate to agreements under which the Company assumes indemnity obligations for intellectual property infringement or death, bodily harm, or damage to tangible personal property due to the Company’s personnel's gross negligence or willful misconduct in providing contracted services, as well as other obligations from time to time depending on arrangements negotiated with customers and other third parties. The conditions of these obligations vary. Thus, the overall maximum amount of the Company’s indemnification obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations and does not currently expect to incur any material obligations in the future. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded an indemnification liability on its Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
(b) Contingencies
Brazil Matter
Following an internal review initiated in 2018, the Company disclosed its belief that its Brazilian subsidiary failed or likely failed to comply with local procurement regulations in conducting business with certain Brazilian government entities.
In 2020 the Company learned that the Brazilian Federal Police were investigating alleged corruption and procurement fraud involving certain government officials, including a transaction that was part of the basis of the Company’s previously reported failure or likely failure of its Brazilian subsidiary to comply with local procurement regulations. To the best of the Company’s knowledge, this investigation was concluded in 2023. Neither employees of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary nor the subsidiary itself were targets of the Federal Police investigation.
The Company’s Brazilian subsidiary voluntarily disclosed information from its 2018 internal review to Brazil’s General Superintendence of the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (“SG/CADE”), the Federal Comptroller General (“CGU”), and the Office of the Comptroller General of the State of São Paulo (“CGE-SP”). Following this voluntary disclosure and cooperation with these agencies, the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary signed leniency agreements with the SG/CADE in September 2020, with the CGU and the Federal General Attorney’s Office (“AGU”) in July 2024, and with the CGE-SP and the Office of the Attorney General of the State of São Paulo (“PGE-SP”) in April 2025.
In 2023, the SG/CADE launched a public administrative proceeding to investigate potentially anticompetitive conduct by various entities and individuals in Brazil based in part on the information voluntarily disclosed by the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary, which is also one of the defendants in the proceeding. If at the end of the proceeding, SG/CADE’s Tribunal confirms that the Brazilian subsidiary’s obligations under the leniency agreement it signed with SG/CADE have been fulfilled, the Brazilian subsidiary will receive full immunity from fines.
Pursuant to its leniency agreement with the CGU and the AGU, the Brazilian subsidiary (i) paid approximately BRL 6.16 million (equivalent to approximately $1.1 million) in July 2024, (ii) agreed to certain undertakings regarding its compliance program, and (iii) has been granted immunity from debarment and other sanctions. As a result of this leniency agreement, the CGU dismissed its pending administrative action against the Brazilian subsidiary over alleged procurement violations.
Pursuant to its leniency agreement with the CGE-SP and PGE-SP, the Brazilian subsidiary (i) paid approximately BRL 2.38 million (equivalent to approximately $406,000) in April 2025, and (ii) has been granted immunity from debarment and other sanctions.
The Company’s Brazilian subsidiary continues to cooperate with requests from government authorities related to the above matters. As of September 30, 2025, the Company remained unable to reasonably estimate a range of loss beyond the 2024 third quarter payment and April 2025 payment described above.
Shareholder and Derivative Actions
Various Legal Proceedings and Contingent Liabilities
The Company is also involved in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings are inherently difficult to predict, management does not expect the resolution of these legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
The Company has contingent liabilities that, in management’s judgment, are not probable of assertion. If such unasserted contingent liabilities were to be asserted, or become probable of assertion, the Company may be required to record significant expenses and liabilities in the period in which these liabilities are asserted or become probable of assertion.
19
(7) Income Taxes
The Company computes its year-to-date provision for (benefit from) income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pretax income or loss and adjusts the provision for (benefit from) income taxes for discrete tax items recorded in the period. The estimated effective tax rate is subject to fluctuation based on the level and mix of earnings and losses by tax jurisdiction, foreign tax rate differentials, and the relative impact of permanent book to tax differences. Each quarter, a cumulative adjustment is recorded for any fluctuations in the estimated annual effective tax rate as compared to the prior quarter. As a result of these factors, and due to potential changes in the Company’s period-to-period results, fluctuations in the Company’s effective tax rate and respective tax provisions or benefits may occur. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a provision for income tax of $3.35 billion on a pretax income of $11.93 billion, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 28.0%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a benefit from income taxes of $411.8 million on a pretax loss of $907.6 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 45.4%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company’s income taxes primarily related to the tax effect of the unrealized gain on digital assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company’s benefit from income taxes primarily related to (i) a tax benefit related to share-based compensation (including the income tax effects of exercises of stock options and vesting of share-settled restricted stock units) and (ii) a tax benefit from an increase in the Company’s deferred tax asset related to the impairment on its bitcoin holdings.
As of September 30, 2025, the Company had a valuation allowance of $0.5 million primarily related to the Company’s deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credits in certain jurisdictions that, in the Company’s present estimation, more likely than not will not be realized. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had deferred tax liabilities with respect to the unrealized gain on its bitcoin holdings of approximately $7.43 billion. The Company’s deferred tax liabilities are partially offset by deferred tax assets, such as net operating losses and capitalized research and development costs. If the market value of bitcoin declines in future periods, the Company’s deferred tax liability with respect to the unrealized gain on its bitcoin holdings will decrease, and the Company may be required to establish additional valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets.
The Company records liabilities related to its uncertain tax positions. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had gross unrecognized income tax benefits, including accrued interest, of $10.5 million, of which $3.1 million was recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” and $7.4 million was recorded in “Deferred tax liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had gross unrecognized income tax benefits of $10.2 million, including accrued interest, $2.9 million of which was recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” and $7.3 million of which was recorded in “Deferred tax assets, net” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. During the second quarter of 2025, the Company was notified that it was selected for examination by the IRS for its 2022 federal income tax return.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act was enacted in the U.S., introducing several changes to corporate taxation. These changes include modifications to capitalization of research and development expenses, limitations on deductions for interest expense, accelerated fixed asset depreciation, and adjustments to the international tax framework. The legislation did not have a material impact on the Company’s income tax expense or effective tax rate for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 and the Company does not expect it will have a material impact on the Company’s 2025 financial statements.
(8) Share-based Compensation
Stock Incentive Plans
Prior to its expiration, the Company maintained the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2013 Equity Plan”), under which the Company’s employees, officers, and directors were awarded various types of share-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards. In May 2023, the 2013 Equity Plan expired and no new awards may be granted under the 2013 Equity Plan, although awards previously granted under the 2013 Equity Plan will continue to remain outstanding in accordance with their terms.
The Company maintains the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2023 Equity Plan”) under which the Company’s employees, officers, directors, and other eligible participants may be awarded various types of share-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units, and other stock-based awards. An aggregate of up to 19,327,030 shares of the Company’s class A common stock were authorized for issuance under the 2023 Equity Plan. As of September 30, 2025, there were 2,914,040 shares of class A common stock reserved and available for future issuance under the 2023 Equity Plan. The 2013 Equity Plan and the 2023 Equity Plan together are referred to herein as the “Stock Incentive Plans.”
Stock option awards
As of September 30, 2025, there were options to purchase 3,756,959 shares of class A common stock outstanding under the Stock Incentive Plans. The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity (in thousands, except per share data and years) for the nine
months ended September 30, 2025:
Stock Options Outstanding
Weighted Average
Aggregate
Exercise Price
Intrinsic
Remaining Contractual
Per Share
Term (Years)
Balance as of January 1, 2025
4,956
38.56
Granted
54
301.19
Exercised
(1,016
36.84
331,793
Forfeited/Expired
(238
45.81
Balance as of September 30, 2025
3,757
42.36
Exercisable as of September 30, 2025
2,780
38.26
789,282
5.5
Expected to vest as of September 30, 2025
977
54.05
262,887
7.1
1,052,169
5.9
Stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2025 are comprised of the following range of exercise prices per share (in thousands, except per share data and years):
Stock Options Outstanding at September 30, 2025
Range of Exercise Prices per Share
$12.45 - $20.00
988
15.53
4.3
$20.01 - $30.00
868
24.48
$30.01 - $40.00
30.16
7.7
$40.01 - $50.00
1,005
41.11
6.3
$50.01 - $70.00
748
69.12
5.4
$70.01 - $220.00
74
159.65
8.5
$220.01 - $300.00
41
261.29
9.4
$300.01 - $364.20
364.20
9.2
$364.21 and over
371.27
9.7
An aggregate of 1,311,010 stock options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $36.8 million vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. An aggregate of 1,609,650 stock options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $40.2 million vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes valuation model was $301.19 and $111.23 for each share subject to a stock option granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, based on the following assumptions:
Expected term of awards in years
5.5 - 6.3
Expected volatility
83.8% - 91.5%
75.1% - 82.8%
Risk-free interest rate
3.9% - 4.4%
4.2% - 4.5%
Expected dividend yield
0.0%
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $5.1 million and $16.9 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from stock options granted under the Stock Incentive Plans. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $9.9 million and $30.0 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from stock options granted under the Stock Incentive Plans. As of September 30, 2025, there was approximately $25.2 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 2.3 years.
21
Share-settled restricted stock units
As of September 30, 2025, there were 809,449 share-settled restricted stock units outstanding under the Stock Incentive Plans. The following table summarizes the Company’s share-settled restricted stock unit activity (in thousands) for the periods indicated:
Share-Settled Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
Units
Intrinsic Value
1,231
149
Vested
(371
133,619
Forfeited
(200
809
260,813
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 370,421 share-settled restricted stock units vested having an aggregate grant date fair value of $20.5 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 427,990 share-settled restricted stock units having an aggregate grant date fair value of $15.0 million vested, and 25,060 shares were withheld to satisfy tax obligations, resulting in 402,930 issued shares. The weighted average grant date fair value of share-settled restricted stock units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $286.65 and $144.88, respectively, based on the fair value of the Company’s class A common stock.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $6.7 million and $19.0 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from share-settled restricted stock units granted under the Stock Incentive Plans. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $6.2 million and $18.3 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from share-settled restricted stock units granted under the Stock Incentive Plans. As of September 30, 2025, there was approximately $66.5 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested share-settled restricted stock units, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 2.9 years.
Share-settled performance stock units
As of September 30, 2025, there were 279,264 performance stock units outstanding under the 2023 Equity Plan. The following table summarizes the Company’s performance stock unit activity (in thousands) for the periods indicated:
Share-Settled Performance Stock Units Outstanding
307
(52
279
179,963
The weighted average grant date fair value of performance stock units using the Monte-Carlo simulation model was $445.66 and $307.13 for each performance stock unit granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, based on the following assumptions:
3.0
99.2
92.7
3.9
4.4
0.0
No performance stock units vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $3.0 million and $6.4 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from performance stock units granted under the 2023 Equity Plan. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $2.4 million and $5.9 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from performance stock units granted under the 2023 Equity Plan. As of September 30, 2025, there was approximately $18.9 million of total unrecognized
22
share-based compensation expense related to unvested performance stock units, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 1.9 years.
Other stock-based awards and cash-settled restricted stock units
From time to time the Company has granted “other stock-based awards” and “cash-settled restricted stock units” under the 2013 Equity Plan. Other stock-based awards are similar to stock options, and cash-settled restricted stock units are similar to the Company’s share-settled restricted stock units, except in each case these awards are settled in cash only and not in shares of the Company’s class A common stock. Due to their required cash settlement feature, these awards are classified as liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the fair value of the awards is remeasured each quarterly reporting period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized zero expense and a reduction of approximately $1.1 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from other stock-based awards and cash-settled restricted stock units. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $0.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from other stock-based awards and cash-settled restricted stock units. As of September 30, 2025, there were no other stock-based awards or cash-settled restricted stock units outstanding and there was no unrecognized share-based compensation expense.
2021 ESPP
The Company also maintains the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”). The purpose of the 2021 ESPP is to provide eligible employees of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries with opportunities to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock in 6-month offering periods commencing on each March 1 and September 1. An aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s class A common stock has been authorized for issuance under the 2021 ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 38,806 shares of class A common stock were issued in connection with the 2021 ESPP. As of September 30, 2025, 463,596 shares of the Company’s class A common stock remained available for issuance under the 2021 ESPP.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $0.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense related to the 2021 ESPP. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $0.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense related to the 2021 ESPP. As of September 30, 2025, there was approximately $1.5 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the 2021 ESPP, which the Company expects to recognize over a period of approximately 0.4 years.
(9) Redeemable Preferred Stock
The STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock discussed in this note below are classified within mezzanine equity, as certain events that could cause such shares to become redeemable are not solely within the control of the Company. Issuances of the Preferred Stock are recognized based on proceeds received, net of issuance costs and are not accreted to its redemption value unless it is probable that the Preferred Stock will become redeemable. The Company has evaluated the probability of a redemption in connection with a Fundamental Change (defined below). Based on current facts and circumstances and the Company’s current and projected capital structure, management has determined that the occurrence of a Fundamental Change is remote. Accordingly, the Company concluded that accretion to the redemption value of the Preferred Stock is not required as of the reporting date.
On July 7, 2025, the Company filed a certificate of amendment (the “STRK Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to the STRK Stock certificate of designations so that, together with other conforming changes, the STRK Stock has a liquidation preference that is initially $100 per share; provided, however, that, effective immediately after the close of business on each business day on or after July 7, 2025 (and, on or after July 7, 2025, if applicable, during the course of a business day on which any sale transaction to be settled by the issuance of STRK Stock is executed, from the exact time of the first such sale transaction during such business day until the close of business of such business day), the liquidation preference per share of STRK Stock will be adjusted to be the greatest of (i) the stated amount of $100 per share of STRK Stock; (ii) in the case of any business day on or after July 7, 2025 with respect to which Strategy has, on such business day or any business day during the ten trading day period preceding such business day, executed any sale transaction to be settled by the issuance of STRK Stock, an amount equal to the Last Reported Sale Price (as defined in the STRK Stock certificate of designations) per share of STRK Stock on the trading day immediately before such business day; and (iii) the arithmetic average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of STRK Stock for each trading day of the ten consecutive trading days immediately preceding such business day; provided that, for purposes of the definition of liquidation preference, the execution of the STRK Amendment will be treated as an execution of a sale transaction settled by the issuance of STRK Stock. See Note 6, Commitments and Contingencies. The Company intends to seek common stockholder ratification of the STRK Amendment. Until such ratification has been completed, investors should treat the STRK Amendment as being subject to ratification.
The following table summarizes the key terms and provisions of each series of Preferred Stock, and information relating to each series of Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2025. The summaries below are qualified in their entirety by the full text of the applicable certificate of designations.
STRF Stock
STRC Stock
STRK Stock
STRD Stock
Trading Symbol on NASDAQ
Initial Issuance Date
March 25, 2025
July 29, 2025
February 5, 2025
June 10, 2025
Initial Shares Issued
8,500,000
28,011,111
7,300,000
11,764,700
Initial Public Offering Price
$85.00 per share
$90.00 per share
$80.00 per share
Initial Net Proceeds (in thousands)
563,226
Initial Issuance Costs (in thousands)
11,627
47,200
20,774
20,514
Shares Issued as of September 30, 2025
11,948,292
13,605,866
12,322,141
Par Value Per Share
0.001
Liquidation Preference Per Share as of September 30, 2025 (1)
111.49
100.00
Stated Amount
Dividend Rate Per Annum as of September 30, 2025 (2)
Cumulative Dividends
Yes
No
Dividend Payment Method
Cash
Cash, class A common stock, or a combination of both
Conversion Privilege
None
Convertible to class A common stock at any time
Initial Conversion Rate
0.1 shares of class A common stock per share of STRK Stock
Redemption Rights (3)
Repurchase Rights (4)
Yes, upon a fundamental change
Board Rights (5)
At-the-Market Offerings of Preferred Stock
As of September 30, 2025, the Company had established the following at-the-market offering programs with respect to its Preferred Stock:
Refer to Note 11, At-the-Market Offerings – Preferred Stock ATM Offerings and Note 14, Subsequent Events, for additional information regarding the Company’s at-the-market offering programs with respect to the Preferred Stock.
Dividends on Preferred Stock
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company declared and paid the following dividends to the applicable stockholders of record as of 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the applicable record date:
Ticker
Period
Record Date
Dividend Payment Date
Dividend Rate Per Annum
Cash Dividend Per Share
Cash Dividends Paid (in millions)
Quarter ended September 30, 2025
September 15, 2025
10.00%
2.50
29.18
Month ended August 31, 2025
August 15, 2025
August 31, 2025
9.00%
0.80
(1)
22.41
Month ended September 30, 2025
0.833333333
23.34
8.00%
2.00
27.21
3.055555556
(2)
37.64
Total Cash Dividends Paid
139.78
On September 30, 2025, the Company announced that its board of directors increased the monthly regular dividend rate per annum on STRC Stock from 10.00% to 10.25% effective for monthly periods commencing on or after October 1, 2025 and declared a monthly cash dividend of $0.854166667 per share, payable on STRC Stock on October 31, 2025 to stockholders of record as of 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on October 15, 2025.
Refer to Note 14, Subsequent Events, for additional information on the STRC Stock monthly regular dividend rate per annum and dividend declarations.
(10) Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Common Share
Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common stock outstanding during the respective period. Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders is computed by deducting both the dividends declared in the period on the Company’s redeemable preferred stock and the dividends accrued for the period on the Company’s redeemable preferred stock, if any, from net income (loss).
The Company has two classes of common stock: class A common stock and class B common stock. Holders of class A common stock generally have the same rights, including rights to dividends, as holders of class B common stock, except that holders of class A common stock have one vote per share while holders of class B common stock have ten votes per share. Each share of class B common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of class A common stock. As such, basic and fully diluted earnings per common share for class A common stock and for class B common stock are the same. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on either class A or class B common stock.
As of September 30, 2025, the Company had four series of preferred stock outstanding: STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock, and STRD Stock. Holders of the Preferred Stock do not have voting rights, except for rights to appoint a director to the Company’s board upon certain failures to pay dividends on preferred stock, and have rights to dividends and other rights as discussed in Note 9, Redeemable Preferred Stock, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, each share of the STRK Stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into 0.1 shares of class A common stock.
The impact from potential shares of common stock on the diluted earnings per common share calculation are included when dilutive. Potential shares of class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units and performance stock units considered probable of achievement, and in connection with the 2021 ESPP are computed using the treasury stock method. Potential shares of class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and upon conversion of the STRK Stock are computed using the if-converted method. In computing diluted earnings per common share, the Company first calculates the earnings per incremental share (“EPIS”) for each class of potential shares of common stock and ranks the classes from the most dilutive (i.e., lowest EPIS) to the least dilutive (i.e., highest EPIS). Basic earnings per common share is then adjusted for the effect of each class of shares, in sequence and cumulatively, until a particular class no longer produces further dilution.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in thousands, except per share data) for the periods indicated:
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Strategy - Basic
Effect of dilutive shares on net income (loss):
Interest expense on 2027 Convertible Notes, net of tax
286
Interest expense on 2028 Convertible Notes, net of tax
1,871
5,626
Interest expense on 2029 Convertible Notes, net of tax
1,296
3,899
Interest expense on 2030A Convertible Notes, net of tax
1,592
4,786
Interest expense on 2030B Convertible Notes, net of tax
890
2,154
Interest expense on 2031 Convertible Notes, net of tax
1,378
4,145
Interest expense on 2032 Convertible Notes, net of tax
3,685
11,086
Dividends on STRK Stock
Net income (loss) - Diluted
2,655,838
8,422,442
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares of class A common stock
264,736
177,633
252,503
163,055
Weighted average common shares of class B common stock
Total weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - Basic
Effect of dilutive shares on weighted average common shares outstanding:
Stock options
3,419
3,704
Restricted stock units
655
Performance stock units
503
508
Employee stock purchase plan
Convertible preferred stock
1,315
5,513
4,462
5,342
4,614
3,719
2,594
3,915
Total weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - Diluted
Income (loss) per share:
Basic income (loss) per share (1)
Diluted income (loss) per share (1)
(1) Basic and fully diluted earnings per common share for class A and class B common stock are the same.
27
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the following weighted average shares of potential class A common stock were excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per common share calculation because their impact would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands).
5,823
46
7,481
1,587
1,756
606
576
1,304
915
6,664
7,330
719
240
4,031
1,863
1,506
1,363
27,924
31,460
(11) At-the-Market Offerings
Common Stock ATM Offerings
From time to time, the Company has entered into sales agreements with agents pursuant to which the Company could issue and sell shares of its class A common stock through at-the-market equity offering programs (the “Common Stock ATMs”). Pursuant to these agreements, the Company agreed to pay the sales agents commissions for their services in acting as agents with respect to the sale of shares through the Common Stock ATMs and also agreed to provide the sales agents with reimbursement for certain incurred expenses and customary indemnification and contribution rights. The following table summarizes the terms and provisions of each sales agreement, and each Common Stock ATM that was active during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024. The maximum aggregate offering price and cumulative net proceeds (less sales commissions and expenses) for each Common Stock ATM in the following table are reported in thousands.
May 2025 Sales Agreement
October 2024 Sales Agreement
August 2024 Sales Agreement
November 2023 Sales Agreement
Agreement effective date
May 1, 2025
October 30, 2024
August 1, 2024
November 30, 2023
Maximum aggregate offering price
21,000,000
750,000
Maximum commissions payable to sales agents on gross proceeds from the sale of shares
2.0
Date terminated/substantially depleted
April 30, 2025
November 19, 2024
July 31, 2024
As of September 30, 2025:
Cumulative shares of class A common stock sold under such sales agreement
12,849,124
58,384,669
11,685,355
12,720,770
Cumulative net proceeds received from shares of class A common stock sold under such sales agreement
5,084,637
20,962,051
1,993,273
747,025
Maximum aggregate offering price remaining available for sale under such sales agreement (1)
15,908,796
The following table summarizes the sales activity of each sales agreement that was active during 2025 or 2024 for the periods indicated. The net proceeds (less sales commissions and expenses) for each Common Stock ATM in the following table are reported in thousands.
Number of shares of class A common stock sold under such sales agreement:
1,951,620
8,048,449
19,713,132
5,712,041
Total shares of class A common stock sold pursuant to Common Stock ATMs
32,562,256
10,000,069
Net proceeds received from shares of class A common stock sold under such sales agreement:
6,762,620
Total net proceeds received from shares of class A common stock sold pursuant to Common Stock ATMs
11,847,257
1,242,293
The sales commissions and expenses related to each of the above Common Stock ATMs are considered direct and incremental costs and are charged against “Additional paid-in capital” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the period in which the corresponding shares are issued and sold.
Preferred Stock ATM Offerings
As of September 30, 2025, the Company is party to four Preferred Stock at-the-market offering programs: the STRF ATM, STRC ATM, STRK ATM and STRD ATM (collectively, the “Preferred Stock ATMs”). Refer to Note 9, Redeemable Preferred Stock and Note 14, Subsequent Events, for additional information on the Preferred Stock ATMs. Pursuant to the applicable sales agreement governing each Preferred Stock ATM the Company agreed to pay the applicable sales agents commissions for their services in acting as agents with respect to the sale of shares through each Preferred Stock ATM and also agreed to provide the applicable sales agents with reimbursement for certain incurred expenses and customary indemnification and contribution rights.
The following table summarizes the terms and provisions of each sales agreement, and each Preferred Stock ATM that was active during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The maximum aggregate offering price and cumulative net proceeds (less sales commissions and expenses) for each Preferred Stock ATM in the following table are reported in thousands.
STRF Sales Agreement
STRC Sales Agreement
STRK Sales Agreement
STRD Sales Agreement
May 22, 2025
July 31, 2025
March 10, 2025
July 7, 2025
Amendment date
2,100,000
4,200,000
Cumulative shares of Preferred Stock sold under such sales agreement
3,448,292
6,305,866
557,441
Cumulative net proceeds received from shares of Preferred Stock sold under such sales agreement
380,468
630,014
1,718,794
20,368,825
4,151,430
29
The following table summarizes the sales activity of each Preferred Stock ATM that was active during 2025 for the periods indicated. The net proceeds (less sales commissions and expenses) for each Preferred Stock ATM in the following table are reported in thousands.
Three MonthsEnded
Nine MonthsEnded
Number of shares of Preferred Stock sold under such sales agreement:
1,881,542
1,404,499
577,441
Total shares of Preferred Stock sold pursuant to Preferred Stock ATM offerings (1)
3,843,482
10,331,599
Net proceeds received from shares of Preferred Stock sold under such sales agreement:
217,434
-
152,824
Total net proceeds received from shares of Preferred Stock sold pursuant to Preferred Stock ATM offerings (1)
418,720
1,058,944
(12) Segment Information
The Company has one reportable operating segment, the “Software Business,” which is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sales of the Company’s enterprise analytics software platform through cloud subscriptions and licensing arrangements and related services (i.e., product support, consulting and education). The “Corporate & Other” category presented in the following tables is not considered an operating segment. It consists primarily of costs and expenses related to executing the Company’s bitcoin strategy and includes the unrealized gain or loss on digital assets, impairment charges and other third-party costs associated with the Company’s bitcoin holdings, net interest expense primarily related to long-term debt obligations (the net proceeds of which were primarily used to purchase bitcoin), and income tax effects generated from the Company’s bitcoin holdings and related debt issuances. Beginning in 2025, the Company has dedicated certain corporate resources to its bitcoin strategy. These costs, including related Share-based compensation expense are included within the “Corporate resources” and the “Share-based compensation expense” segment expense line items to better align with their activities and utilization.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who manages the entity on a consolidated basis. The CODM uses “net income (loss)” to assess the profitability of the software business by comparing actual to budgeted results on a monthly basis. In doing so, he focuses on “controllable costs” across main functions of the Software Business and will allocate personnel and budget accordingly to maximize potential profitability. The CODM also uses “net income (loss)” to understand the impact from income taxes and debt-related items for general tax and liquidity planning purposes.
30
The following tables present (for each of the Software Business segment and Corporate & Other category, and on a consolidated basis) the Company’s revenues and significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM, reconciled to net income (loss) (in thousands) for each of the periods presented. Total segment assets (in thousands) provided to the CODM are also disclosed in the tables below for each period presented.
Software Business
Corporate & Other
Total Consolidated
Significant expenses (1)
Controllable
(24,656
Maintenance
(6,971
Consulting
(11,115
Cloud
(19,172
Technology
(20,945
Corporate resources
(18,194
(4,326
(22,520
Non-Controllable
3,890,847
Digital asset custody fees
(5,342
(10,832
(4,651
(15,483
Payroll taxes on equity award exercises and vestings
(765
(739
(1,504
Other segment items (2)
(1,704
Interest income (expense), net (3)
109
(18,999
Income tax benefit (expense) (4)
19,728
(1,105,940
(1,086,212
34,174
2,750,850
Total assets, as of September 30, 2025 (5)
413,313
(28,459
(7,553
(14,726
(11,549
(30,069
(20,923
Impairment losses on digital assets
(412,084
(1,746
(19,394
(498
(6,394
(292
(6,686
Interest expense, net (3)
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment
Income tax benefit (4)
6,266
132,238
138,504
(17,228
(322,946
Total assets, as of September 30, 2024 (5)
591,004
7,752,576
8,343,581
31
(74,540
(20,705
(34,825
(49,774
(67,244
(53,265
(18,150
(71,415
12,032,356
(14,346
(32,037
(11,007
(43,044
(5,426
(833
(6,259
(15,952
283
(54,176
81,980
(3,428,084
(3,346,104
82,740
8,505,760
(78,037
(22,103
(42,676
(29,776
(82,927
(65,137
(783,807
(3,843
(57,806
(11,725
(3,298
(826
(4,124
163,989
247,771
411,760
113,263
(609,114
32
The following table presents total revenues and long-lived assets (in thousands) according to geographic region. Long-lived assets are comprised of right-of-use assets and property and equipment, net. The Corporate & Other category disclosed above is included within the U.S. region.
Geographic regions:
U.S.
EMEA
Other Regions
Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2025
74,571
42,257
11,863
Three months ended September 30, 2024
63,958
38,952
13,161
Nine months ended September 30, 2025
203,346
119,583
31,316
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
192,115
114,273
36,371
Long-lived assets
As of September 30, 2025
68,691
7,354
79,185
As of December 31, 2024
69,767
3,556
7,564
80,887
The EMEA region includes operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The other regions include all other foreign countries, generally comprising Latin America, the Asia Pacific region, and Canada. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, Germany accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, no country accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues.
(13) Related Party Transactions
Saylor Indemnification Agreements
On June 24, 2022, concurrently with binding directors and officers (“D&Os”) liability insurance policies (the “Initial Commercial Policies”) with several third-party carriers, the Company and Michael J. Saylor, the Company’s Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman, entered into (i) an indemnification agreement (the “Excess Agreement”) for Mr. Saylor to provide $10 million in excess indemnity coverage payable only after the exhaustion of the Initial Commercial Policies, and (ii) an indemnification agreement (the “Tail Agreement”) for Mr. Saylor to provide $40 million in indemnity coverage for claims made at any time based on actions or omissions occurring prior to the inception date of the Initial Commercial Policies. The Company paid Mr. Saylor $600,000 for a one-year term under the Excess Agreement, and $150,000 for a 90-day term under the Tail Agreement. At the option of the Company, the Company was permitted to extend the term under the Tail Agreement for up to a total of twenty-three additional 90-day periods, for $150,000 per additional 90-day term. The Company elected to extend the term of the Tail Agreement for three consecutive additional 90-day periods and paid Mr. Saylor $150,000 for each extension.
On August 30, 2022, the Company bound additional D&O liability insurance policies (the “Excess Commercial Policies”) with third-party carriers for excess coverage payable only after the exhaustion of the Initial Commercial Policies. Effective as of the same date, the Company and Mr. Saylor executed an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Excess Agreement to limit Mr. Saylor’s obligation to provide indemnification under the Excess Agreement to claims made during the term of the Excess Agreement which arise from wrongful acts occurring upon or after the commencement of the Excess Agreement but prior to the effective date of the Amendment. In connection with the Amendment, Mr. Saylor refunded $489,863 to the Company, representing the pro rata portion of the $600,000 originally paid by the Company to Mr. Saylor under the Excess Agreement attributable to the period from the date of the Amendment through the end of the original term of the Excess Agreement.
On June 12, 2023, the Company bound new D&O liability insurance policies (the “2023 Commercial Policies”) with third-party carriers that provide coverage substantially equivalent to the aggregate coverage provided under the Initial Commercial Policies and the Excess Commercial Policies for a policy period running from June 12, 2023 through June 12, 2024 except that the 2023 Commercial Policies also provide coverage for claims made with respect to wrongful acts or omissions occurring prior to the binding of the Initial Commercial
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Policies subject to exclusions with respect to claims previously noticed to and accepted by an earlier D&O insurer, claims related to acts or omissions giving rise to such claims, and demands, investigations, suits or other proceedings entered against an insured prior to June 24, 2022, as well as future interrelated wrongful acts.
On June 12, 2023, the Company entered into a new indemnification agreement with Mr. Saylor (the “2023 Tail Agreement”) pursuant to which Mr. Saylor agreed to provide coverage that is similar to the coverage provided under the Tail Agreement, but only for matters excluded from coverage under the 2023 Commercial Policies for an initial one-year term for a payment of $157,000. Pursuant to the terms of the 2023 Tail Agreement, the Company elected to extend the term of the 2023 Tail Agreement for a period of one-year commencing on June 12, 2024, and paid Mr. Saylor $157,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2024. Additionally, during the three months ended June 30, 2024, the 2023 Commercial Policies were also extended for another policy year running from June 12, 2024 to June 12, 2025, on substantially the same terms, but with an increase in the aggregate indemnity coverage provided by the commercial carriers from $40 million to $60 million.
On June 12, 2025, the Company bound new D&O liability insurance policies (the “2025 Commercial Policies”) with third-party carriers that provide $120 million in aggregate coverage for a policy period running from June 12, 2025 through June 12, 2026. The Company has determined that the 2025 Commercial Policies provide sufficient D&O coverage; accordingly, the 2023 Tail Agreement was not extended beyond June 12, 2025.
The Excess Agreement, Tail Agreement and other related party transactions between the Company and Mr. Saylor are described more fully in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Allocation Agreements
On August 31, 2022, the District of Columbia (the “District”), through its Office of the Attorney General, filed a civil complaint in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia naming as defendants (i) Michael J. Saylor, the Chairman of the Company’s board of directors and the Company’s Executive Chairman, in his personal capacity, and (ii) the Company. The District sought, among other relief, monetary damages under the District’s False Claims Act for the alleged failure of Mr. Saylor to pay personal income taxes to the District over a number of years together with penalties, interest, and treble damages. The complaint alleged in the sole claim against the Company that it violated the District’s False Claims Act by conspiring to assist Mr. Saylor’s alleged failure to pay personal income taxes. On May 31, 2024, the District, Mr. Saylor, and the Company stipulated to the entry of a Consent Order and Judgment (“Consent Order”) with the court pursuant to which the District, upon receipt of all amounts due under the Consent Order, released Mr. Saylor and the Company from all claims and liabilities that the District asserted, could have asserted, or may assert in the future based on the conduct described in the complaints filed in the case.
In connection with the Consent Order, on May 31, 2024, the Company and Mr. Saylor entered into an agreement pursuant to which Mr. Saylor and the Company agreed that Mr. Saylor would pay $40,000,000 due to the District to settle the case and resolve the litigation with the District. Pursuant to a separate agreement between Mr. Saylor and the Company, Mr. Saylor paid this settlement amount to the District in full and the Company is not obligated to make any contribution to the settlement payment. On July 15, 2024, Mr. Saylor and the Company entered into a separate agreement with counsel to Tributum, LLC, the relator in the case (“Relator”), to resolve the amount due to such counsel in satisfaction of Relator’s claims for statutory expenses, attorneys’ fees and costs. Pursuant to the separate agreement between Mr. Saylor and the Company, Mr. Saylor paid this settlement amount in full and the Company is not obligated to make any contribution to this settlement payment.
(14) Subsequent Events
From October 1, 2025 through October 30, 2025, the Company has purchased approximately 1,137 bitcoins for $130.7 million, or approximately $114,995 per bitcoin.
At-the-market offerings
ATM Updates
During the period from October 1, 2025 through October 30, 2025, the Company engaged in the following activity under its at-the-market offering programs:
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ATM Program
Shares Sold
Net Proceeds (in millions)
Available for Issuance and Sale as of October 30, 2025 (in millions)
STRF ATM
486,385 shares of STRF Stock
54.8
1,663.9
STRC ATM
0 shares of STRC Stock
4,200.0
STRK ATM
312,652 shares of STRK Stock
28.2
20,340.6
STRD ATM
217,542 shares of STRD Stock
17.6
4,133.8
Common Stock ATM
183,501 shares of class A common stock
54.4
15,854.4
Dividends on STRC Stock
On October 30, 2025, the Company announced that its board of directors increased the monthly regular dividend rate per annum on STRC Stock from 10.25% to 10.50% effective for monthly periods commencing on or after November 1, 2025 and declared a monthly cash dividend of $0.875 per share payable on STRC Stock on November 30, 2025 to stockholders of record as of 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on November 15, 2025.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Information
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact, including without limitation, certain statements regarding industry prospects and our results of operations or financial position, may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The important factors discussed under “III. Risk Factor Updates” in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025 and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference herein, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements made herein and presented elsewhere by management from time to time. Such forward-looking statements represent management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Investors are warned that actual results may differ from management’s expectations.
Business Overview
Strategy is the world's first and largest Bitcoin Treasury Company. We are a publicly traded company that has adopted Bitcoin as our primary treasury reserve asset. By using proceeds from equity and debt financings, as well as cash flows from our operations, we strategically accumulate Bitcoin and advocate for its role as digital capital. Our treasury strategy is designed to provide investors varying degrees of economic exposure to Bitcoin by offering a range of securities, including equity and fixed-income instruments.
In addition, we provide industry-leading AI-powered enterprise analytics software, advancing our vision of Intelligence Everywhere. We leverage our development capabilities to explore innovation in Bitcoin applications, integrating analytics expertise with our commitment to digital asset growth. We believe our combination of operational excellence, strategic Bitcoin reserve, and focus on technological innovation positions us as a leader in both the digital asset and enterprise analytics sectors, offering a unique opportunity for long-term value creation.
Our Bitcoin Strategy
Our bitcoin strategy generally involves from time to time, subject to market conditions, (i) issuing debt or equity securities or engaging in other capital raising transactions with the objective of using the proceeds to purchase bitcoin and (ii) acquiring bitcoin with our liquid assets that exceed working capital requirements. We intend to fund further bitcoin acquisitions primarily through issuances of common stock and a variety of fixed-income instruments, including debt, convertible notes and preferred stock.
We view our bitcoin holdings as long-term holdings and expect to continue to accumulate bitcoin. We have not set any specific target for the amount of bitcoin we seek to hold, and we will continue to monitor market conditions in determining whether to engage in additional financings to purchase additional bitcoin. This overall strategy also contemplates that we may (i) periodically sell bitcoin for general corporate purposes or in connection with strategies that generate tax benefits in accordance with applicable law, (ii) enter into additional capital raising transactions that are collateralized by our bitcoin holdings, and (iii) consider pursuing strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate funds using our bitcoin holdings.
Additionally, we periodically engage in advocacy and educational activities regarding the continued acceptance and value of Bitcoin as an open, secure protocol for an internet-native digital capital asset, and we leverage our software development capabilities to explore innovation in Bitcoin applications.
Under our Treasury Reserve Policy, our treasury reserve assets consist of:
We are not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and stockholders do not have the protections associated with ownership of shares in a registered investment company, nor the protections afforded by the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936.
Our Enterprise Analytics Software Strategy
Strategy is a pioneer in AI-powered intelligence solutions delivering a comprehensive portfolio that addresses a wide spectrum of enterprise data challenges. We provide software and services designed to transform complex, fragmented data environments into unified, reliable information ecosystems that drive insight and action across organizations worldwide. Our vision is to drive growth and competitive advantage for our customers by delivering Intelligence Everywhere™.
Strategy One™, our cloud-native analytics platform, powers some of the largest business intelligence deployments in the world. It delivers visualization, reporting, and embedded analytics capabilities across retail, banking, technology, manufacturing, insurance, consulting, healthcare, telecommunications, and the public sector. Complementing this, Strategy Mosaic™ is a universal intelligence layer that enables organizations to achieve a single source of truth across their data. It provides enterprises with consistent definitions and governance across data sources, regardless of where that data resides or which tools access it. AI-assisted data modeling hastens data product creation, while its intelligent architecture promotes accelerated performance for all workloads.
Integral to the Strategy portfolio are generative AI capabilities that are designed to automate and accelerate the deployment of AI-enabled applications across the enterprise. By making advanced analytics accessible through conversational AI, we provide non-technical users with timely, actionable insights for decision-making.
Bitcoin Activity and Holdings
Bitcoin Acquisition Activity
The following table presents a roll-forward of our bitcoin holdings, including additional information related to our bitcoin purchases, bitcoin sales (if any), unrealized loss (gain) on digital assets, digital asset impairment losses, and cumulative effect adjustments within the respective periods:
Source of Capital Used to Purchase Bitcoin
Digital Asset Original Cost Basis (in thousands)
Digital Asset Impairment Losses(in thousands)
Digital Asset Carrying Value (in thousands)
Approximate Number of Bitcoins Held
Approximate Average Purchase Price Per Bitcoin
Balance at December 31, 2024 (before adoption of ASU 2023-08)
27,968,248
(4,058,875
62,503
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2023-08
Balance immediately following adoption of ASU 2023-08
(a)
7,661,663
80,715
94,922
Unrealized loss on digital assets
(5,906,005
35,629,911
43,546,079
528,185
67,457
(b)
6,769,205
69,140
97,906
14,047,514
42,399,116
64,362,798
597,325
70,982
(c)
115,959
47,351,196
73,983
(a) In the first quarter of 2025, we purchased bitcoin using $4.37 billion of the net proceeds from sales under our Common Stock ATM then-in effect, $1.99 billion of the net proceeds from our issuance of the 2030B Convertible Notes, $593.7 million of the aggregate net proceeds from the initial public offering of our STRK Stock and sales under the STRK ATM, and $710.0 million of the net proceeds from the initial public offering of STRF Stock.
(b) In the second quarter of 2025, we purchased bitcoin using $5.19 billion of the net proceeds from sales under our Common Stock ATMs then-in effect, $979.7 million of the net proceeds from our initial public offering of STRD Stock, $163.0 million of the net proceeds from sales under the STRF ATM, and $438.0 million of the net proceeds from sales under the STRK ATM.
(c) In the third quarter of 2025, we purchased bitcoin using $209.5 million of the net proceeds from the STRF ATM, $153.1 million of the net proceeds from the STRK ATM, $48.5 million of the net proceeds from the STRD ATM, $2.07 billion of the net proceeds from the Common Stock ATM, and $2.47 billion of the net proceeds from the initial public offering of STRC Stock.
Our unrealized gains on digital assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 amounted to $3.89 billion and $12.03 billion, respectively, partially offset by $1.12 billion and $3.46 billion in deferred tax expense, respectively. See “Results of Operations – Bitcoin Impacts” additional information on unrealized gains and losses on digital assets.
Bitcoin Holdings The following table shows the approximate number of bitcoins held at the end of each respective period, as well as market value calculations of our bitcoin holdings based on the lowest, highest, and ending market prices of one bitcoin on the Coinbase exchange (our principal market for bitcoin) for each respective quarter, as further defined below:
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Approximate Number of Bitcoins Held at End of Quarter
Lowest Market Price Per Bitcoin During Quarter (a)
Market Value of Bitcoin Held at End of Quarter Using Lowest Market Price (in thousands) (b)
Highest Market Price Per Bitcoin During Quarter (c)
Market Value of Bitcoin Held at End of Quarter Using Highest Market Price (in thousands) (d)
Market Price Per Bitcoin at End of Quarter (e)
Market Value of Bitcoin Held at End of Quarter Using Ending Market Price (in thousands) (f)
58,863.90
26,339,829
108,388.88
48,500,772
93,390.21
41,789,317
March 31, 2025
76,555.00
40,435,222
109,358.01
57,761,287
82,444.71
June 30, 2025
74,420.69
44,453,357
112,000.00
66,900,427
107,751.68
105,119.70
67,279,817
124,533.00
79,704,922
114,378.49
The amounts reported as “Market Value” in the above table represent only a mathematical calculation consisting of the price for one bitcoin reported on the Coinbase exchange (our principal market for bitcoin) in each scenario defined above multiplied by the number of bitcoins held by us at the end of the applicable period. Bitcoin and bitcoin markets may be subject to manipulation and the spot price of bitcoin may be subject to fraud and manipulation. Accordingly, the Market Value amounts reported above may not accurately represent fair market value, and the actual fair market value of our bitcoin may be different from such amounts and such deviation may be material. Moreover, (i) the bitcoin market historically has been characterized by significant volatility in price, limited liquidity and trading volumes compared to sovereign currencies markets, relative anonymity, a developing regulatory landscape, potential susceptibility to market abuse and manipulation, compliance and internal control failures at exchanges, and various other risks that are, or may be, inherent in its entirely electronic, virtual form and decentralized network and (ii) we may not be able to sell our bitcoins at the Market Value amounts indicated above, at the market price as reported on the Coinbase exchange (our principal market for bitcoin) on the date of sale, or at all.
As of October 30, 2025, we held approximately 641,167 bitcoins, all of which are unencumbered, and which had an aggregate market value of $68.28 billion as of October 30, 2025 (based on the market price of $106,490 of one bitcoin as reported on the Coinbase exchange as of October 30, 2025, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time).
We hold our bitcoin with regulated custodians that have duties to safeguard our private keys. We continually seek to engage additional custodians to achieve a greater degree of diversification in the custody of our bitcoin as the extent of potential risk of loss is dependent, in part, on the degree of diversification. Our custodial services contracts do not restrict our ability to reallocate our bitcoin among our custodians. See “III. Risk Factor Updates—Risks Related to Our Bitcoin Strategy and Holdings— We face risks relating to the custody of our bitcoin, including the loss or destruction of private keys required to access our bitcoin and cyberattacks or other data loss relating to our bitcoin” in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025. As of October 30, 2025, our bitcoin is held with the following custodians:
Custodian
Number of Bitcoin Custodied (1)
Bitcoin Custodied (%)
Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC
330,809
51.6
Anchorage Digital Bank N.A.
223,278
34.8
Fidelity Digital Asset Services, LLC
87,081
13.6
(1) Amounts shown are rounded to the nearest bitcoin
Capital Markets Activity
Consistent with our Treasury Reserve Policy and bitcoin strategy, we use the vast majority of our cash, including cash generated from capital raising transactions, to acquire bitcoin. We fund our purchases of bitcoin primarily from proceeds of our offerings of our class A common stock and various preferred stock instruments. We have also previously used proceeds from offerings of convertible notes and senior secured notes, and a loan secured by bitcoin, to purchase bitcoin, and we may incur additional indebtedness in the future, including for the purpose of purchasing bitcoin.
We offer multiple types of securities to obtain broad access to equity and credit investors. We intentionally structure our preferred stock instruments to target investors interested in gaining economic exposure to bitcoin across a wide spectrum of yield, duration and risk tolerance preferences. For example, we believe we have designed each of our outstanding preferred stock instruments to appeal to a different type of investor as follows:
We may offer additional preferred stock instruments in the future that target other market participants.
We believe offering a range of securities, including equity and fixed income instruments, enables us to flexibly access a broad spectrum of investors, which in turn enables us to execute on our strategy of acquiring bitcoin in a manner we believe to be accretive to common stockholders on a per share basis.
The type and amount of securities that we may issue and sell from time to time depend on a variety of factors, many of which are outside our control, including market conditions and demand for our instruments, our overall level of indebtedness, and the amount and timing of interest and dividend payments that we expect to make. In evaluating our capital markets transactions, we consider numerous factors, including, but not limited to the following:
We do not weigh these considerations uniformly, and not all are applicable to every offering. These considerations also vary across our instrument portfolio, market conditions, liquidity needs, and strategic considerations. There may also be other unforeseen considerations with respect to future offerings. In all cases, we have significant discretion in evaluating these and other considerations and executing on our capital markets transactions.
Equity Offerings
The following table sets forth total shares sold and total net proceeds received from shares sold under our initial public and at-the-market offerings for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024 (1)
Number of shares sold (2)
Class A common stock
Net proceeds received from shares sold (in thousands) (2)
Total net proceeds
5,091,880
17,633,587
(1) On August 7, 2024, we completed a 10-for-1 stock split of our class A and class B common stock. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information. As a result of the stock split, all applicable share and per share information presented in this table for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split.
(2) Includes shares sold and net proceeds received from shares sold under our initial public offerings of our Preferred Stock and at-the-market equity offerings of our class A common stock and Preferred Stock for the periods indicated. See Note 9, Redeemable Preferred Stock, for additional information on the initial public offerings of our Preferred Stock.
The following table sets forth total shares sold and total net proceeds received from shares sold under our at-the-market equity offering programs for the periods indicated:
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2024 (a)
Number of shares sold pursuant to at-the market offerings
Common Stock ATMs
Net proceeds received from shares sold pursuant to at-the-market offerings (in thousands)
2,618,080
12,906,201
(a) On August 7, 2024, we completed a 10-for-1 stock split of our class A and class B common stock. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information. As a result of the stock split, all applicable share and per share information presented in this table for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split.
See Note 9, Redeemable Preferred Stock and Note 11, At-the-Market Offerings, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. Refer to Note 14, Subsequent Events, for Preferred Stock ATM activity for the period from October 1, 2025 through October 30, 2025.
Debt Offerings
The following table sets forth the aggregate net proceeds (in thousands) from issuances of our Convertible Notes for the periods indicated:
Net proceeds
3,157,942
In addition, in June 2025, we entered into a loan agreement that provides for aggregate borrowings of up to $31.1 million, available in multiple tranches, and bearing interest, with respect to each tranche, at a variable rate equal to the one-year Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 4.24%. The loan will mature in December 2026. As of September 30, 2025, the loan had a net carrying value of $20.8 million, and an outstanding principal balance of $21.1 million.
For additional information on our Convertible Notes, see Note 5, Long-term Debt, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report as well as Note 8, Long-term Debt, to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Bitcoin KPIs
We seek to increase BPS by growing our bitcoin holdings faster than Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding (defined below) through a combination of bitcoin acquisitions and disciplined use of equity and credit markets. To assess achievement of this strategy, we monitor and review the following KPIs:
The following tables present our bitcoin holdings, Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding, BPS and the price of bitcoin as of the dates indicated below, and the change in each for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2025:
As of June 30, 2025
Change (#)
As of June 30, 2024
As of September 30, 2024
Number of Bitcoin Held
42,705
226,331
252,220
Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding (in thousands)
314,216
5,824
320,040
221,670
13,377
235,047
BPS
190,100
9,884
199,984
102,102
5,204
107,306
Bitcoin Price ($)
107,752
6,627
114,378
61,927
1,536
63,463
As of December 31, 2023
192,560
189,150
281,735
38,305
207,636
27,411
158,826
41,158
91,097
16,209
93,390
20,988
42,531
20,932
The following tables present our BTC Yield, BTC Gain, and BTC $ Gain for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2025:
% Change
BTC Yield
5.2
5.1
0.1
25.9
17.8
8.1
BTC Gain
31,058
11,535
169
115,956
33,657
245
BTC $ Gain (in millions, except percentages)
3,552
732
385
13,263
2,136
521
(1) Represents the absolute change between the periods presented.
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See “Important Information about KPIs” for additional information about these KPIs, including their purposes and limitations and for the calculation of Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding.
Factors Impacting Results
We believe the following key factors have previously had, and may continue to have, material impacts to our financial results and liquidity, and our ability to achieve our business objectives:
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44
See “III. Risk Factor Updates” in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025 and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding the risks relating to our bitcoin holdings and strategy, bitcoin generally, our securities and capital markets activities, our operations, and other important risk factors, the materialization of any of which could materially impact our results and liquidity.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain operating highlights (in thousands) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
56.7
-4.5
65.4
65.5
62.9
44.0
-16.2
-16.0
-12.0
-12.9
10.9
3.4
-17.8
29.8
71.1
68.6
66.0
-16.5
-13.9
-21.6
-13.1
10.7
13.0
11.0
-0.4
-15.5
-11.6
-32.1
-23.4
13.9
10.5
NM
For the results of operations we have included the respective percentage of changes, unless greater than 100% or less than (100)%, in which case we have denoted such changes as not meaningful (NM).
Bitcoin Impacts
Unrealized gains associated with digital assets and digital asset impairment losses
The following table sets forth the unrealized gains on our digital assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and impairment losses on our digital assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands):
Change
Although we continue to initially record our bitcoin purchases at cost, upon adoption of ASU 2023-08 on January 1, 2025, any subsequent increases or decreases in fair value are recognized as incurred in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and the fair value of our bitcoin is reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets each reporting period-end. Due to the volatility of bitcoin, and our substantial holdings of bitcoin, we expect changes in the market value of bitcoin to materially impact our results.
We did not sell any of our digital assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Software Business Impacts
Revenues
Costs of Revenue
Operating Expenses
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Interest Expense Impacts
Interest expense, net, primarily relates to the contractual interest expense and amortization of issuance costs related to our long-term debt arrangements. The following table sets forth interest expense, net (in thousands) for the periods indicated:
Interest expense, net:
2028 Secured Notes
7,738
23,915
Other interest (income) expense, net
3,845
(291
9,132
(707
Total interest expense, net
18,890
18,129
53,893
45,476
Other (Expense) Income, Net
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, other expense, net, of $0.7 million and $12.9 million, respectively, was comprised primarily of foreign currency transaction net losses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, other expense, net, of $5.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, was comprised primarily of foreign currency transaction net losses.
We recorded a provision for income taxes of $3.35 billion on a pretax income of $11.93 billion that resulted in an effective tax rate of 28.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to a benefit from income taxes of $411.8 million on a pretax loss of $907.6 million that resulted in an effective tax rate of 45.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our provision for income taxes primarily related to the tax effect of the unrealized gain on digital assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our benefit from income taxes primarily related to (i) a tax benefit related to share-based compensation (including the income tax effects of exercises of stock options and vesting of share-settled restricted stock units) and (ii) a tax benefit from an increase in our deferred tax asset related to the impairment on our bitcoin holdings.
As of September 30, 2025, we had a valuation allowance of $0.5 million primarily related to our deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credits in certain jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2025, we had deferred tax liabilities with respect to the unrealized gain on our bitcoin holdings of approximately $7.43 billion. Our deferred tax liabilities are partially offset by deferred tax assets, such as net operating losses and capitalized research and development costs. If the market value of bitcoin declines in future periods, our deferred tax liability with respect to the unrealized gain on our bitcoin holdings will decrease, and we may be required to establish additional valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets. Such increases in valuation allowances could materially and adversely affect net income in periods in which such charges are incurred. We routinely consider actions necessary to preserve or utilize tax attributes. We will continue to regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets.
Our effective tax rate may fluctuate due to changes in our domestic and foreign earnings and losses, material discrete tax items, or a combination of these factors resulting from transactions or events.
See “Factors Impacting Results – Tax” for a for a discussion of tax factors which have had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on our results.
Deferred Revenue and Advance Payments
Total deferred revenue and advance payments. Total deferred revenue and advance payments decreased $38.9 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to (i) a decrease in deferred product support revenue due to the timing of product support renewals and increased conversions from on-premises to subscription services contracts, partially offset by (ii) an increase in deferred subscription services revenue from new subscription service contracts with existing on-premises customer and new customers. Total deferred revenue and advance payments increased $13.3 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to September 30, 2024, primarily due to (i) an increase in deferred revenue from new subscription services contracts, partially offset by (ii) a decrease in deferred product support revenue from existing customers migrating from on-premises to subscription services contracts.
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Current deferred revenue and advance payments decreased $37.3 million and increased $16.2 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024, and September 30, 2024, respectively. Non-current deferred revenue and advance payments decreased $1.5 million and $2.9 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively.
Remaining performance obligation. Our remaining performance obligation represents contracted future revenue, including deferred revenue, advance payments, and non-cancellable billable amounts that will be invoiced and recognized in future periods. As of September 30, 2025, our remaining performance obligation was $462.4 million of which approximately $280.0 million is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next 12 months. The timing of revenue recognition may vary depending on our satisfaction of related performance obligations, and the amount of deferred revenue, advance payments, and remaining performance obligations at any date may not be indicative of future revenues.
Employees
As of September 30, 2025, we had a total of 1,546 employees, of whom 270 were based in the United States and 1,276 were based internationally. The following table summarizes employee headcount as of the dates indicated:
209
95
97
57
163
168
249
275
305
Education
295
486
498
529
238
197
212
Total headcount
1,546
1,534
1,637
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Principal and Potential Sources of Liquidity
Our principal sources of liquidity include:
Our potential sources of liquidity include:
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October 30, 2025
(millions)
1,718.8
20,368.8
4,151.4
15,908.8
Short-term and Long-term Liquidity Needs
As of September 30, 2025, our short-term and long-term liquidity needs include the following:
For further details regarding certain of our short-term and long-term liquidity needs, see “Contractual and Other Obligations” below.
Satisfying Liquidity Needs
We do not expect to generate cash and cash equivalents from operations and our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 will not be sufficient to satisfy our short-term or long-term liquidity needs. However, we anticipate being able to use proceeds from equity or debt financings to meet our short-term liquidity needs. Although we do not anticipate needing to use our bitcoin to meet our short-term liquidity needs, to the extent necessary, we would seek to use proceeds from the sale of our bitcoin to meet such needs. Additionally, we would seek to satisfy our long-term liquidity needs, including our debt obligations, through various means that we expect to be available to us, such as refinancing our debt or generating cash from other sources, which may include proceeds from equity or debt financings, or the sale of our bitcoin.
Maturities and Holder Repurchase Rights.
The Convertible Notes mature and become subject to holder put option rights as follows:
Convertible Notes
Maturity Date
Put Option Date (1)
(1) Holders of the Convertible Notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or a portion of the Convertible Notes at 100% of principal plus accrued and unpaid interest on the dates indicated.
Conversion of Convertible Notes. If the conditional conversion features of the Convertible Notes are triggered, we may elect to settle the conversions of such Convertible Notes in shares of our class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of class A common stock, rather than in all cash, which may enable us to reduce the amount of our cash obligations under the Convertible Notes.
Availability of Equity and Debt Financing for Liquidity
Our ability to obtain equity and debt financing is subject to market conditions and other factors outside of our control, and we may not be able to obtain equity or debt financing in a timely manner, on favorable terms, or at all. See “Risks Related to Our Business in General—
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A significant decrease in the market value of our bitcoin holdings could adversely affect our ability to satisfy our financial obligations or liquidity needs” under the caption “III. Risk Factor Updates” to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025 for additional information.
Our ability to issue preferred stock and obtain debt financing, on terms we consider favorable, or at all, may also be affected in part by our corporate credit rating. On October 27, 2025, S&P Global Ratings assigned us a corporate credit rating of B-. This credit rating is not a recommendation by the rating agency to buy, sell, or hold our securities, is subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agency and should be evaluated independently of any other credit rating we may receive.
S&P Global Ratings and other credit rating agencies review their ratings periodically, and there is no guarantee our current corporate credit rating will remain the same as described above. If our corporate credit rating were to be lowered, or if we were to be assigned lower corporate credit ratings by other rating agencies, or if any of our securities were to be assigned lower credit ratings, our ability to access the preferred stock and debt markets, our cost of funds, and other terms for new issuances of preferred stock or debt could be adversely impacted.
Availability of Bitcoin for Liquidity
We do not believe we will need to sell or engage in other transactions with respect to any of our bitcoins within the next twelve months to meet our liquidity needs, although we may from time to time sell or engage in other transactions with respect to our bitcoins as part of treasury management operations, as noted above. The bitcoin market historically has been characterized by significant volatility in its price, limited liquidity and trading volumes compared to sovereign currencies markets, relative anonymity, a developing regulatory landscape, susceptibility to market abuse and manipulation, compliance and internal control failures at exchanges, and various other risks inherent in its entirely electronic, virtual form and decentralized network. During times of instability in the bitcoin market, we may not be able to sell our bitcoins at reasonable prices or at all. As a result, our bitcoins are less liquid than our existing cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to the same extent as cash and cash equivalents. In addition, upon sale of our bitcoin, we may incur additional taxes related to any realized gains or we may incur capital losses as to which the tax deduction may be limited. See “Risks Related to Our Bitcoin Strategy and Holdings—Our bitcoin holdings are less liquid than our existing cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to the same extent as cash and cash equivalents” under the caption “III. Risk Factor Updates” to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025 for additional information.
Capital Plan
In May 2025, we announced a capital plan to raise $84 billion in the medium-to-long term, including $42 billion of equity capital and $42 billion of fixed-income instruments, including debt, convertible notes and preferred stock. This capital plan reflects an increase from our capital plan initially announced in October 2024 to raise $42 billion in aggregate, and includes capital raised through the original plan.
Capital Markets Transactions
Initial Public Offerings of Preferred Stock
We have completed four initial public offerings registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) of preferred stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. In connection with each offering, we have filed certificates of designations with the Secretary of State of Delaware designating the aggregate shares issued of, and establishing the terms of, each preferred stock instrument:
Date
Net Proceeds (millions) (1)
710.9
2,473.8
563.2
979.5
(1) After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and our offering expenses.
All net proceeds from these offerings were used for general corporate purposes, including the acquisition of bitcoin and for working capital.
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At-the-Market Offerings
We have sold shares of class A common stock and shares of preferred stock pursuant to five at-the-market equity offerings registered under the Securities Act during 2025.See “Capital Markets Activity” for additional information about our at-the-market equity offering activity for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and Note 14 “Subsequent Events” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for our at-the-market activity from October 1, 2025 to October 30, 2025.
On February 21, 2025, we completed a $2.0 billion private offering of our 2030B Convertible Notes. The 2030B Convertible Notes mature March 1, 2030. The net proceeds totaled approximately $1.99 billion and the issuance costs to us were approximately $15.1 million. We used the net process from this offering for general corporate purposes, including the acquisition of bitcoin and for working capital. See Note 5 Long-term Debt to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Contractual and Other Obligations
Our material contractual obligations and cash requirements as of September 30, 2025 consist of:
The above items are explained in further detail in Note 5, Long-term Debt and Note 9 - Redeemable Preferred Stock, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report as well as under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included therein.
Dividends
The following table sets forth the aggregate dividends paid for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025:
29,181,863
54,703,613
45,751,481
27,211,732
59,831,595
37,635,709
139,780,784
197,922,398
We did not pay any dividends on our capital stock during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2024.
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On September 30, 2025, we announced that our board of directors increased the monthly regular dividend rate per annum on STRC Stock from 10.00% to 10.25% effective for monthly periods commencing on or after October 1, 2025 and declared a monthly cash dividend of $0.854166667 per share payable on STRC Stock on October 31, 2025 to stockholders of record as of 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on October 15, 2025. For a discussion of the dividends paid and payable on, and other rights of the STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock, and STRD Stock, see Note 9, Redeemable Preferred Stock and Note 14, Subsequent Events to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our declared regular dividends, if any, on our Preferred Stock, (in each case, to the extent declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof), which, based on the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding as of October 30, 2025 (except as set forth below), would include:
Other than (i) our issuance of the 2030B Convertible Notes, (ii) the conversions and redemption of the 2027 Convertible Notes, (iii) the required dividends on our STRF Stock, STRC Stock, and STRK Stock, and (iv) the regular dividends on our STRD Stock, all of which are described more fully above and in Note 5, Long-term Debt, Note 9, Redeemable Preferred Stock, and Note 14, Subsequent Events, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report, there have been no changes to our material contractual obligations and cash requirements since December 31, 2024.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows (in thousands) and related percentage changes for the periods indicated:
% change
27.7
384.1
381.4
3340.3
3583.5
-18.0
16.6
Net cash used in operating activities. The primary sources of cash provided by operating activities are cash collections of our accounts receivable from customers following the sales and renewals of our product licenses, subscription services and product support, as well as consulting and education services. Our primary uses of cash in operating activities are for personnel-related expenditures for software development, personnel-related expenditures for providing consulting, education, and subscription services, and for sales and marketing costs, general and administrative costs, interest expense related to our long-term debt arrangements, and income taxes. Non-cash items to further reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities consist primarily of depreciation and amortization, reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets, deferred taxes, release of liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, share-based compensation expense, unrealized loss or gain on digital assets, digital asset impairment losses, and amortization of the issuance costs on our long-term debt.
Net cash used in operating activities increased $9.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in the prior year, due to a $9.1 billion increase in net income offset by a $13.4 million increase from changes in operating assets and liabilities and a $9.1 billion increase in non-cash items. In particular, our cash from operations has been negatively impacted by our continued transition of customers to subscription services offerings, which has resulted in (i) reduced cash collections due to invoicing over multiple years, (ii) increased commissions and (iii) increased costs of our cloud infrastructure to support increased usage. We have also incurred additional bitcoin advocacy costs, custodial fees and personnel costs as we continue to pursue our bitcoin strategy. Our interest payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 have increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the issuances of the 2028 Convertible Notes and 2032 Convertible Notes.
Net cash used in investing activities. The changes in net cash used in investing activities primarily relate to purchases of digital assets, advance deposits on a new corporate aircraft, and expenditures on property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities increased $15.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to a $15.4 billion increase in purchases of bitcoins and a $27.0 million deposit on a new corporate aircraft. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we purchased $19.38 billion of bitcoin using net proceeds from the issuances of our 2030B Convertible Notes; net proceeds from the initial public offerings of our STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock; net proceeds from the sale of class A common stock under our Common Stock ATMs; and net proceeds from the sale of STRF Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock under our STRF ATM, STRK ATM and STRD ATM, respectively; while during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we purchased $4.01 billion of bitcoin using net proceeds from the issuances of our 2028 Convertible Notes, 2030A Convertible Notes, 2031 Convertible Notes, and 2032 Convertible Notes, net proceeds from the Common Stock ATMs, and Excess Cash. “Excess Cash” refers to cash in excess of the minimum Cash Assets that we are required to hold under our Treasury Reserve Policy, which may include cash generated by operating activities and cash from the proceeds of financing activities.
Net cash provided by financing activities. The changes in cash provided by financing activities primarily relate to the issuance and subsequent repayment of long-term debt; the sale of class A common stock under our Common Stock ATMs; the sale of STRF Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock under our STRF ATM, STRK ATM and STRD ATM, respectively; dividends paid on our STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock, net proceeds from the initial public offerings of our STRF Stock, STRC Stock STRK Stock, and STRD Stock; the exercise or vesting of certain awards under the Stock Incentive Plans, and the sales of class A common stock under the 2021 ESPP. Net cash provided by financing activities increased $15.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to (i) a $10.6 billion increase in net proceeds from our sale of class A common stock under our Common Stock ATMs and (ii) $5.8 billion in aggregate net proceeds from the initial public offerings of our STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock, STRD Stock, and sales of STRF Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock under our STRF ATM, STRK ATM and STRD ATM, respectively during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by (iii) a $1.2 million decrease in long-term debt proceeds, net of issuance costs, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in the prior year, (iv) a $120.8 million decrease in proceeds from the exercise of stock options under the Stock Incentive Plans in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in the prior year and (v) $198.0 million in dividends paid on our preferred stock during nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Long-term Debt
The terms of each of our long-term debt instruments and the interest payments we have made and are obligated to make on our long-term debt instruments are discussed more fully in Note 5, Long-term Debt, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report as well as Note 8, Long-term Debt, to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
We or our affiliates may, at any time and from time to time, seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity or debt, in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. We may also seek to prepay our outstanding indebtedness. The amounts involved in any such repurchase or prepayment may be material. We could seek to fund any such debt repurchases or prepayments using proceeds from equity offerings that we may choose to undertake from time-to-time.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and equity, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results and outcomes could differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Critical accounting estimates involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and are estimates that have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We consider certain estimates and judgments related to revenue recognition to be critical accounting estimates for us, as discussed under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no significant changes in such estimates and judgments since December 31, 2024.
Important Information about KPIs
The following table presents total bitcoin holding, basic shares outstanding, Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding, Satoshis per basic shares outstanding, BPS, and bitcoin price for the periods as indicated. On August 7, 2024, we completed a 10-for-1 stock split of our class A and class B common stock. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements,
for further information. As a result of the stock split, all applicable share and per share information presented within the calculation of our KPIs in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split for all periods presented.
As of
June 30, 2024
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
September 30 2024
Total Bitcoin Holdings
Shares Outstanding (in thousands)
Class A Common Stock
171,030
183,000
149,041
Class B Common Stock
Basic Shares Outstanding
190,670
202,640
280,959
287,109
168,681
245,778
2025 Convertible Notes, convertible at $39.80
3,659
16,330
2027 Convertible Notes, convertible at $143.25
2028 Convertible Notes, convertible at $183.19
2029 Convertible Notes, convertible at $672.40
2030A Convertible Notes, convertible at $149.77
2030B Convertible Notes, convertible at $433.43
2031 Convertible Notes, convertible at $232.72
2032 Convertible Notes, convertible at $204.33
STRK Stock, convertible at $1,000.00
1,220
1,361
Options Outstanding
5,916
5,678
4,158
12,936
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units Unvested
2,244
2,034
1,439
1,374
2,359
1,845
Satoshis per Basic Shares Outstanding
118,703
124,467
212,603
222,923
112,135
182,063
Bitcoin Per Share (BPS)
Bitcoin Price
Bitcoin Per Share (BPS) is a KPI that represents the ratio between our bitcoin holdings and Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding, expressed in terms of Satoshis, where:
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Three months ended
Nine months ended
September 20, 2024
BTC $ Gain (in millions)
BTC Yield is a KPI that represents the percentage change in BPS from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.
BTC Gain is a KPI that represents the number of bitcoins held by us at the beginning of a period multiplied by the BTC Yield for such period.
BTC $ Gain is a KPI that represents the dollar value of the BTC Gain calculated by multiplying the BTC Gain by the market price of bitcoin. For determining BTC $ Gain quarter to date or year to date, unless otherwise specified, we use the current market price of bitcoin. For determining BTC $ Gain for a past fiscal year or other past period, we use the market price of bitcoin as of 4:00pm ET as reported on the Coinbase exchange on the last day of the applicable period. We use these market prices of bitcoin for this calculation solely for the purpose of facilitating this illustrative calculation.
We use BPS, BTC Yield, BTC Gain and BTC $ Gain as KPIs to help assess the performance of our strategy of acquiring bitcoin in a manner we believe is accretive to shareholders. We believe these KPIs can supplement investors’ understanding of how we choose to fund bitcoin purchases and the value created in a period by:
When we use these KPIs, management takes into account the various limitations of these metrics, including that they
BPS, BTC Yield, BTC Gain and BTC $ Gain are not, and should not be understood as, financial performance, valuation or liquidity measures. Specifically:
The trading price of our class A common stock is informed by numerous factors in addition to our bitcoin holdings and our actual or potential shares of class A common stock outstanding, and as a result, the trading price of our securities can deviate significantly from the
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market value of our bitcoin, and none of BPS, BTC Yield, BTC Gain or BTC $ Gain are indicative or predictive of the trading price of our securities.
Investors should rely on the financial statements and other disclosures contained in our SEC filings. In particular, we have adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets (“ASU 2023-08”), which requires that we measure our bitcoin at fair value in our statement of financial position as of the end of a reported period, and recognize gains losses from changes in the fair value in net income for the reported period. As a result, we may incur unrealized gain or loss on digital assets based on changes in the market price of bitcoin during a period, which would not be reflected in BPS, BTC Yield, BTC Gain or BTC $ Gain. For example, if we increase our bitcoin holdings relative to Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding during a reported period, we would achieve increased BPS and positive BTC Yield, BTC Gain and BTC $ Gain even if we report significant unrealized loss on digital assets for the period. Similarly, if we increase Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding at a faster rate than our bitcoin holdings, then we would experience decreased BPS and negative BTC Yield, BTC Gain, and BTC $ Gain, even if we report significant unrealized gain on digital assets for the period.
As noted above, these KPIs are narrow in their purpose and are used by management to assist it in assessing whether we are raising and deploying capital in a manner accretive to shareholders solely as it pertains to our bitcoin holdings.
In calculating these KPIs, we do not consider the source of capital used for the acquisition of our bitcoin. When we purchase bitcoin using proceeds from offerings of non-convertible notes or non-convertible preferred stock, or convertible notes or preferred stock that carry conversion prices above the current trading price of our common stock or conversion rights that are not then exercisable, such transactions have the effect of increasing the BPS, BTC Yield, BTC Gain and BTC $ Gain, while also increasing our indebtedness and senior claims of holders of instruments other than class A common stock with respect to dividends and to our assets, including our bitcoin, in a manner that is not reflected in these metrics.
If any of our convertible notes mature or are redeemed without being converted into common stock, or if we elect to redeem or repurchase our non-convertible instruments, we may be required to sell shares of our class A common stock or bitcoin to generate sufficient cash proceeds to satisfy those obligations, either of which would have the effect of decreasing BPS, BTC Yield, BTC Gain and BTC $ Gain, and adjustments for such decreases are not contemplated by the assumptions made in calculating these metrics. Accordingly, these metrics might overstate or understate the accretive nature of our use of capital to buy bitcoin because not all bitcoin is purchased using proceeds of issuances of class A common stock, and not all proceeds from issuances of class A common stock are used to purchase bitcoin.
In addition, we are required to pay dividends with respect to our perpetual preferred stock in perpetuity. We could pay these dividends with cash or, in the case of STRK Stock, by issuing shares of class A common stock. We have issued shares of class A common stock for cash to fund the payment of cash dividends, and we may in the future issue shares of class A common stock in lieu of paying dividends on STRK Stock. As a result, we have experienced, and may experience in the future, increases in Assumed Diluted Shares Outstanding without corresponding increases in our bitcoin holdings, resulting in decreases in BPS, BTC Yield, BTC Gain and BTC $ Gain for the applicable periods.
We have historically not paid any dividends on our shares of class A common stock, and by presenting these KPIs we make no suggestion that we intend to do so in the future. Ownership of our securities, including our class A common stock and preferred stock, does not represent an ownership interest in, or a redemption right with respect to, the bitcoin we hold.
We determine our KPI targets based on our history and future goals. Our ability to maintain any given level of BPS, or achieve positive BTC Yield, BTC Gain, or BTC $ Gain may depend on a variety of factors, including factors outside of our control, such as the price of bitcoin, and the availability of debt and equity financing on favorable terms. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
These KPIs are merely supplements, not substitutes to the financial statements and other disclosures contained in our SEC filings. They should be used only by sophisticated investors who understand their limited purpose and many limitations.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The following discussion about our market risk exposures involves forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.
We are exposed to the impact of market price changes in bitcoin, foreign currency fluctuations and interest rate risk.
Market Price Risk of Bitcoin. We have used a significant portion of our cash, including cash generated from capital raising transactions, to acquire bitcoin. We account for our bitcoin as indefinite-lived intangible assets. Although we continue to initially record our bitcoin purchases at cost, upon adoption of ASU 2023-08 on January 1, 2025, any subsequent increases or decreases in fair value are recognized as incurred in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and the fair value of our bitcoin is reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets each reporting period-end. As of September 30, 2025, we held approximately 640,031 bitcoins with a carrying value of $73.21 billion on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset that has traded below $60,000 per bitcoin and above $120,000 per bitcoin in our principal market in the 12 months preceding September 30, 2025. A significant decrease in the price of bitcoin would have a material adverse effect on our earnings.
Foreign Currency Risk. We conduct a significant portion of our business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the currency in which we report our Consolidated Financial Statements. International revenues accounted for 42.1% and 44.9% of our total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 42.6% and 44.0% of our total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. We anticipate that international revenues will continue to account for a significant portion of our total revenues. The functional currency of each of our foreign subsidiaries is generally the local currency.
Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect as of the applicable Balance Sheet date and any resulting translation adjustments are included as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses generated from these subsidiaries are translated at average monthly exchange rates during the quarter in which the transactions occur. Transaction gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in the results of operations.
As a result of transacting in multiple currencies and reporting our Consolidated Financial Statements in U.S. dollars, our operating results may be adversely impacted by currency exchange rate fluctuations in the future.
We cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon our future results. We attempt to minimize our foreign currency risk by converting our excess foreign currency held in foreign jurisdictions to U.S. dollar-denominated cash and investment accounts.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, a 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar would have decreased our aggregate reported cash and cash equivalents by 4.4% and 5.7%, respectively. If average exchange rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 had changed unfavorably by 10%, our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 would have decreased by 3.8%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our revenues were not significantly impacted by changes in weighted average exchange rates, as compared to the same period in the prior year.
Interest Rate Risk. We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily via our STRC Stock, which accumulates cumulative dividends, which we refer to in this Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk as “regular dividends”, at a variable dividend rate, which was initially set at 9.00% per annum. However, we have the right, in our sole and absolute discretion, to adjust the regular dividend rate applicable to subsequent regular dividend periods, subject to certain restrictions, including restrictions on the maximum reduction of the dividend rate and a requirement to declare a dividend equal to at least the monthly SOFR per annum rate, and we have increased regular dividends on STRC Stock, most recently on October 30, 2025, from 10.25% per annum to 10.50% per annum for the monthly period commencing on or after November 1, 2025. Our current intention (which is subject to change in our sole and absolute discretion) is to adjust the monthly regular dividend rate per annum in such manner as we believe is designed to cause STRC Stock to trade at prices at or close to its stated amount of $100 per share.
As of October 30, 2025, if we determined to increase the regular dividend rate on our STRC Stock by 0.50%, STRC Stock’s monthly dividend accrual would increase by approximately $1.2 million. We do not believe our interest rate risk exposure via STRC Stock is material as of October 30, 2025.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Controls. No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
For information regarding material pending legal proceedings in which we are involved, see “Commitments and Contingencies – Shareholder and Derivative Actions” in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
We are involved in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings are inherently difficult to predict, we do not expect the resolution of these legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described below and incorporated by reference into this Item before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described herein and incorporated by reference into this Item are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impact us, our business, our bitcoin holdings, or our securities.
If any of such risks occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the market price of our class A common stock and our Preferred Stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
The information set forth under the caption “Risk Factor Updates” in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025 is incorporated herein by reference.
Downgrades in our credit ratings could reduce our access to funding sources in the credit and capital markets.
We are currently assigned a corporate credit rating from Standard & Poor’s based on its evaluation of our creditworthiness. Although our corporate credit rating from Standard & Poor’s is currently below investment grade, there can be no assurance that we will not be further downgraded. Credit rating reductions or other negative actions by one or more rating agencies could adversely affect our access to funding sources, the cost and other terms of obtaining funding as well as our overall financial condition, operating results and cash flow.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, certain holders of the 2031 Convertible Notes elected to convert $2,000, in aggregate principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes and the Company elected to settle in $1,809.95 of shares of its class A common stock, together with $190.05 of cash in lieu of any fractional shares. The settlement provisions of the 2031 Convertible Notes provided for the settlement of such notes during the three months ended December 31, 2025. No shares of class A common stock were issued in respect of such conversions during the three months ended September 30, 2025.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Information
On July 11, 2025, Wei-Ming Shao, our Executive Vice President and General Counsel, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act with respect to the sale of up to 250,000 shares of our Class A common stock underlying employee stock options. This Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement was entered into in accordance with our insider trading policy. Trading under the arrangement can commence on November 10, 2025, and the plan will expire on March 31, 2026, or such earlier date upon which all transactions are completed or expire without execution. As previously disclosed in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 1, 2025, Mr. Shao informed the Company of his intention to retire effective December 31, 2025.
Except as set forth above, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) during the quarterly period covered by this report.
DGCL Section 204
On July 6, 2025, our board of directors adopted resolutions authorizing the sale of shares of our STRD Stock under the STRD ATM. Between August 22, 2025 and October 28, 2025, sales of an aggregate 444,634 shares of STRD Stock (the “Applicable STRD Shares”) were made under the STRD ATM outside the offering parameters previously established by our board of directors. Since the sales were not made within such parameters, those shares were not validly authorized and were not duly issued under Section 152 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). On November 1, 2025 (the “validation effective time”) the Pricing & Finance Committee of our board of directors, exercising the power duly delegated to them by the board of directors, adopted resolutions ratifying the issuances of the Applicable STRD Shares. Pursuant to Section 204 of the DGCL, from and after the validation effective time, all of the Applicable STRD Shares are duly authorized, validly issued, and non-assessable as of the initial date of issuance.
Please refer to Exhibit 99.2 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a notice to our shareholders under Section 204 of the DGCL.
Item 6. Exhibits
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Description
3.1
Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 000-24435)).
3.2
Certificate of Amendment to the registrant’s Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 23, 2025 (File No. 000-24435)).
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to the registrant’s Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 11, 2025 (File No. 001-42509))
Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 11, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.5
Certificate of Designations of 8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2025 (File No. 000-24435)).
3.6
Certificate of Designations of 10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.7
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Designations of 8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 7, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.8
Certificate of Designations of 10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 10, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
Certificate of Designations of Variable Rate Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 29, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.10
Certificate of Increase for 8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 29, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.11
Certificate of Validation for 8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.12
Certificate of Increase for 10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 29, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.13
Certificate of Validation for 10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.14 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2025 (File No.001-42509)).
3.14
Certificate of Increase for 10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 29, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.15
Certificate of Validation for 10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.14 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
3.16
Certificate of Increase for Variable Rate Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 31, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
4.1
Form of Certificate of Class A Common Stock of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.2
Indenture, dated as of March 8, 2024, by and between the registrant and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
Form of 0.625% Convertible Senior Note due 2030 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
Indenture, dated as of March 18, 2024, by and between the registrant and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 19, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.5
Form of 0.875% Convertible Senior Note due 2031 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 19, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.6
Indenture, dated as of June 17, 2024, by and between MicroStrategy Incorporated and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.7
Form of 2.25% Convertible Senior Note due 2032 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.8
Indenture, dated as of September 19, 2024, by and between MicroStrategy Incorporated and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.9
Form of 0.625% Convertible Senior Note due 2028 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.10
Indenture, dated as of November 21, 2024, by and between the registrant and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.11
Form of 0% Convertible Senior Note due 2029 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.12
Indenture, dated as of February 21, 2025, by and between MicroStrategy Incorporated and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
4.13
Form of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
4.14
Form of Certificate of 8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2025 (File No. 000-24435)).
4.15
Form of Certificate of 10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
4.16
Form of Certificate of 10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 10, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
4.17
Form of Certificate of Variable Rate Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 29, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
10.1
Sales Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2025, by and among Strategy and TD Securities (USA) LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., The Benchmark Company, LLC, BTIG, LLC, Canaccord Genuity LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Santander US Capital Markets LLC and SG Americas Securities, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
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10.2
Sales Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2025, by and among Strategy and TD Securities (USA) LLC, The Benchmark Company, LLC, BTIG, LLC, Canaccord Genuity LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Santander US Capital Markets LLC, and SG Americas Securities, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
10.3
First Amendment to the Sales Agreement, dated as of July 7, 2025, by and among Strategy and TD Securities (USA) LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., The Benchmark Company, LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 7, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
10.4
Sales Agreement, dated as of May 22, 2025, by and among Strategy and TD Securities (USA) LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., and The Benchmark Company, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 22, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
Sales Agreement, dated as of July 7, 2025, by and among Strategy and TD Securities (USA) LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., The Benchmark Company, LLC, Clear Street LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 7, 2025 (File No. 001-42509).
10.6
Sales Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2025, by and among Strategy and TD Securities (USA) LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., The Benchmark Company, LLC, Clear Street LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 31, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
U.S. Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2025) under the registrant’s 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended to date, the “2023 Plan”).
10.8
U.S. Form of Non Statutory Stock Option Agreement (2025) under the 2023 Plan.
U.S. Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Non-Employee Director) (2025) under the 2023 Plan.
10.10
U.S. Form of Non Statutory Stock Option Agreement (Non-Employee Director) (2025) under the 2023 Plan.
10.11
International Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2025) under the 2023 Plan.
10.12
International Form of Non Statutory Option Agreement (2025) under the 2023 Plan.
10.13
Amendments to existing Forms of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Option Agreements under the registrant’s 2013 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2023 Plan.
31.1
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Principal Executive Officer.
31.2
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Principal Financial Officer.
32.1
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1
Notice to Stockholders under Section 204 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2025 (File No. 001-42509)).
Notice to Stockholders under Section 204 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema with Embedded Linkbase Document.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
By:
/s/ Andrew Kang
Andrew Kang
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
/s/ Jeanine Montgomery
Jeanine Montgomery
Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer
Date: November 3, 2025
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