UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014
or
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-36228
Navient Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
(302) 283-8000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
Class
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Outstanding at September 30, 2014
410,219,225 shares
NAVIENT CORPORATION
Table of Contents
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II. Other Information
Item 1A.
Item 5.
Item 6.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Assets
FFELP Loans (net of allowance for losses of $92 and $119, respectively)
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $1,959 and $2,097 respectively)
Investments
Available-for-sale
Other
Total investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash and investments
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings
Long-term borrowings
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.20 per share, 20 million shares authorized
Series A: 0 million and 3.3 million shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $50 per share
Series B: 0 million and 4 million shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $100 per share
Common stock, par value $0.01 and $0.20 per share, respectively, 1.125 billion shares authorized: 425 million and 545 million shares issued, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax expense of $4 and $7, respectively)
Retained earnings
Total Navient Corporation stockholders’ equity before treasury stock
Less: Common stock held in treasury at cost: 15 million and 116 million shares, respectively
Total Navient Corporation stockholders’ equity
Noncontrolling interest
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
Supplemental information — assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
FFELP Loans
Private Education Loans
Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Interest income:
Other loans
Cash and investments
Total interest income
Total interest expense
Net interest income
Less: provisions for loan losses
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
Servicing revenue
Asset recovery revenue
Gains on debt repurchases
Total other income
Expenses:
Salaries and benefits
Other operating expenses
Total operating expenses
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses
Total expenses
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense
Income tax expense
Net income from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)
Net income
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
Net income attributable to Navient Corporation
Preferred stock dividends
Net income attributable to Navient Corporation common stock
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Navient Corporation:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Total
Average common shares outstanding
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Navient Corporation:
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding
Dividends per common share attributable to Navient Corporation
2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives:
Unrealized hedging gains (losses) on derivatives
Reclassification adjustments for derivative losses included in net income (interest expense)
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
Unrealized gain (losses) on investments
Income tax (expense) benefit
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
Total comprehensive income attributable to Navient Corporation
3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in millions, except share and per share amounts)
Common Stock Shares
Balance at June 30, 2013
Comprehensive income:
Total comprehensive income
Cash dividends:
Common stock ($.15 per share)
Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)
Preferred stock, series B ($.50 per share)
Issuance of common shares
Tax benefit related to employee stock-based compensation plans
Stock-based compensation expense
Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans
Balance at September 30, 2013
Balance at June 30, 2014
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Common stock repurchased
Balance at September 30, 2014
4
Balance at December 31, 2012
Net income (loss)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
Common stock ($.45 per share)
Preferred stock, series A ($2.61 per share)
Preferred stock, series B ($1.51 per share)
Dividend equivalent units related to employee stock-based compensation plans
Balance at December 31, 2013
Preferred stock, series A ($1.74 per share)
Preferred stock, series B ($.98 per share)
Retirement of common stock in treasury
Deconsolidation of subsidiary
Distribution of consumer banking business
5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in millions)
Operating activities
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Gains on loans and investments, net
Unrealized (gains) losses on derivative and hedging activities
Provisions for loan losses
Increase in restricted cash — other
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable
Decrease in accrued interest payable
Decrease in other assets
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
Cash provided by operating activities — continuing operations
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities — discontinued operations
Total net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities
Student loans acquired and originated
Reduction of student loans:
Installment payments, claims and other
Proceeds from sales of student loans
Other investing activities, net
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities
Purchases of other securities
Proceeds from maturities of other securities
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash — variable interest entities
Total net cash provided by investing activities
Financing activities
Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust — issued
Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust — repaid
Asset-backed commercial paper conduits, net
ED Conduit Program facility, net
Other long-term borrowings issued
Other long-term borrowings repaid
Other financing activities, net
Retail and other deposits, net
Common stock dividends paid
Preferred stock dividends paid
Net cash used in financing activities
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
Cash disbursements made (refunds received) for:
Interest
Income taxes paid
Income taxes received
Noncash activity:
Investing activity — Student loans and other assets removed related to sale of Residual Interest in securitization
Financing activity — Borrowings removed related to sale of Residual Interest in securitization
6
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Information at September 30, 2014 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is unaudited)
Presentation of Information
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to:
“We,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” with respect to any period on or prior to the date of the Spin-Off refers to Old SLM and its consolidated subsidiaries as constituted prior to the Spin-Off, and any references to “Navient,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” with respect to any period after the date of the Spin-Off refers to Navient and its consolidated subsidiaries.
“Old SLM” refers to SLM Corporation, as it existed prior to the Spin-Off, and its consolidated subsidiaries. As part of an internal corporate reorganization of Old SLM, Old SLM was merged into a limited liability company and became a subsidiary of Navient, changing its name to “Navient, LLC.” On October 16, 2014, Navient, LLC was merged with and into Navient, with Navient as the surviving corporation.
Navient’s historical business and operations refer to Old SLM’s portfolio of FFELP and Private Education Loans not held by Sallie Mae Bank, together with the servicing and asset recovery businesses that were retained by or transferred to Navient in connection with the internal corporate reorganization.
“SLM BankCo” refers to New BLC Corporation, which became the publicly traded successor to Old SLM on April 29, 2014 by virtue of a merger pursuant to Section 251(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), and its consolidated subsidiaries. Following consummation of the merger, New BLC Corporation changed its name to SLM Corporation. After the Spin-Off, SLM BankCo’s business consists primarily of the consumer banking business previously operated by Old SLM, which includes Sallie Mae Bank and its portfolio of Private Education Loans, a new Private Education Loan servicing business and the Upromise Rewards business.
“Spin-Off” collectively refers to the internal reorganization of Old SLM on April 29, 2014 and the distribution on April 30, 2014 of all of the shares of common stock of Navient to the holders of shares of SLM BankCo.
Spin-Off of Navient
On April 30, 2014, the previously announced separation of Navient from SLM BankCo was completed. The separation was effected through the distribution by SLM BankCo of all the shares of common stock of Navient, on a one-to-one basis, to the holders of shares of SLM BankCo common stock as of the close of business on April 22, 2014, the record date for the distribution. As a result of the distribution, Navient is an independent, publicly traded company that operates the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business previously operated by Old SLM. Navient is comprised primarily of Old SLM’s portfolios of education loans that were not held in Sallie Mae Bank at the time of the separation, as well as servicing and asset recovery activities on those loans and loans held by third parties. In October 2014, Navient successfully completed the transition of the servicing operations and rolled out the Navient brand to its customers.
To implement the separation and distribution of Navient, an internal corporate reorganization of Old SLM was effected, pursuant to which, on April 29, 2014, SLM BankCo replaced Old SLM as the parent holding company pursuant to a holding company merger. In accordance with Section 251(g) of the DGCL, by action of the Old SLM board of directors and without a shareholder vote, Old SLM was merged into Navient, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Old SLM, with Navient, LLC surviving. Immediately following the effective time of the merger, SLM
7
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
BankCo changed its name to “SLM Corporation.” As part of the internal corporate reorganization and pursuant to the merger, all of the outstanding shares of Old SLM Series A preferred stock and Series B preferred stock were converted, on a one-to-one basis, into substantially identical shares of SLM BankCo preferred stock. Following the merger, the assets and liabilities associated with the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business were transferred to Navient, and those assets and liabilities associated with the consumer banking were transferred to SLM BankCo. On July 9, 2014, Navient received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service confirming the intended tax-free status of the Spin-Off and the related internal reorganization transactions. For further information on the Spin-Off and all related matters, please refer to our Registration Statement on Form 10, as amended (our “Form 10”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 10, 2014, and declared effective on April 14, 2014.
Due to the relative significance of Navient to Old SLM, among other factors, for financial reporting purposes Navient is treated as the “accounting spinnor” and therefore is the “accounting successor” to Old SLM, notwithstanding the legal form of the Spin-Off. As a result, the historical financial statements of Old SLM prior to the distribution on April 30, 2014 are the historical financial statements of Navient. For that reason the historical financial information related to periods on or prior to April 30, 2014 contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is that of Old SLM, which includes the consolidated results of both the loan management, servicing and asset recovery business (Navient) and the consumer banking business (SLM BankCo).
Since Navient is the “accounting spinnor,” the financial statements of Navient reflect the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo to SLM BankCo’s stockholders on April 30, 2014, notwithstanding the legal form of the Spin-Off in which Navient common stock was distributed to the stockholders of SLM BankCo.
The following table shows the condensed balance sheet of SLM BankCo that the financial statements of Navient reflect as a shareholder distribution on April 30, 2014:
FFELP Loans, net
Private Education Loans, net
Other liabilities(1)
Preferred stock
Series A
Series B
Common equity
Total equity(2)
“Other liabilities” include net income tax liabilities of $383 million, which were presented as net income tax assets within “Other assets” on the consolidated financial statements of Navient.
In addition to the $1,710 million of consumer banking business net assets distributed, we also removed $41 million of goodwill from our balance sheet as required under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other,” in connection with the distribution. This goodwill was allocated to the consumer banking business based on relative fair value. This total of $1,751 million is the amount that appears on our consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity in connection with the deemed distribution of the consumer banking business.
8
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements of Navient have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Navient and its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and those Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) for which we are the primary beneficiary, after eliminating the effects of intercompany accounts and transactions. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2014 or for any other period. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in our Form 10. Definitions for certain capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q can be found in our Form 10.
Consolidation
In the first six months of 2013, we sold Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts to third parties. We continue to service the student loans in the trust under existing agreements. Prior to the sale of the Residual Interests, we had consolidated the trusts as VIEs because we had met the two criteria for consolidation. We had determined we were the primary beneficiary because (1) as servicer to the trust we had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affected its economic performance and (2) as the residual holder of the trust, we had an obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the trust that could potentially be significant. Upon the sale of the Residual Interests, we are no longer the residual holder, thus we determined we no longer met criterion (2) above and deconsolidated the trusts. As a result of these transactions, we removed securitization trust assets of $12.5 billion and the related liabilities of $12.1 billion from the balance sheet and recorded a $312 million gain as part of “gains on sales of loans and investments” for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
Goodwill
We account for goodwill in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. Under this guidance, goodwill is not amortized but is tested periodically for impairment. We test goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 at the reporting unit level, which is the same as or one level below a business segment. Goodwill is also tested at interim periods if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired.
As a result of the separation of Navient from SLM BankCo, we assessed relevant qualitative factors impacting the reporting units that have goodwill, including the FFELP Loans, Private Education Loans, Servicing and Asset Recovery reporting units, to determine whether it is “more-likely-than-not” that the fair values of the individual reporting units, after taking into account the distribution of the consumer banking business, are less than their individual carrying values. The “more-likely-than-not” threshold is defined in the guidance as having a likelihood of more than 50 percent. Based on this qualitative assessment, we determined that it is “more-likely-than-not” that the fair values of the FFELP Loans, Private Education Loans, Servicing and Asset Recovery reporting units exceed their carrying values. Accordingly, no further impairment assessment is warranted in accordance with the applicable guidance.
9
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2014, and had no effect on net income, total assets, or total liabilities.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Revenue Recognition
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We have not yet determined the effect of the standard on our ongoing financial reporting but do not expect it to be material.
The financial statements of Navient reflect the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014. See the table in “Note 1 — The Separation” which shows the related asset and liabilities that were deemed to be distributed. As a result of the deemed distribution, all disclosures in this footnote as of a date prior to April 30, 2014 include SLM BankCo’s FFELP and Private Education Loans, whereas the disclosures as of September 30, 2014 do not contain SLM BankCo’s FFELP and Private Education Loans.
Our provisions for loan losses represent the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb incurred probable losses, net of expected recoveries, in the held-for-investment loan portfolios. The evaluation of the provisions for loan losses is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. We believe that the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses incurred in the loan portfolios. We segregate our Private Education Loan portfolio into two classes of loans — traditional and non-traditional. Non-traditional loans are loans to (i) customers attending for-profit schools with an original Fair Isaac and Company (“FICO”) score of less than 670 and (ii) customers attending not-for-profit schools with an original FICO score of less than 640. The FICO score used in determining whether a loan is non-traditional is the greater of the customer or cosigner FICO score at origination. Traditional loans are defined as all other Private Education Loans that are not classified as non-traditional.
10
Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics
Allowance for Loan Losses
Beginning balance
Total provision
Charge-offs(1)
Reclassification of interest reserve(2)
Ending balance
Allowance:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment(3)
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment(3)
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment
Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized)
Ending total loans(3)
Average loans in repayment
Ending loans in repayment
Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, the expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be recovered and any shortfalls in what was actually recovered in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.
Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.
Ending total loans for Private Education Loans includes the receivable for partially charged-off loans.
11
.08
%
12
Distribution of SLM BankCo
13
Student loan sales
14
Key Credit Quality Indicators
FFELP Loans are substantially insured and guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default; therefore, the key credit quality indicator for this portfolio is loan status. The impact of changes in loan status is incorporated quarterly into the allowance for loan losses calculation.
For Private Education Loans, the key credit quality indicators are school type, FICO scores, the existence of a cosigner, the loan status and loan seasoning. The school type/FICO score are assessed at origination and maintained through the traditional/non-traditional loan designation. The other Private Education Loan key quality indicators can change and are incorporated quarterly into the allowance for loan losses calculation. The following table highlights the principal balance (excluding the receivable for partially charged-off loans) of our Private Education Loan portfolio stratified by the key credit quality indicators.
Credit Quality Indicators
School Type/FICO Scores:
Traditional
Non-Traditional(1)
Cosigners:
With cosigner
Without cosigner
Seasoning(2):
1-12 payments
13-24 payments
25-36 payments
37-48 payments
More than 48 payments
Not yet in repayment
Defined as loans to customers attending for-profit schools (with a FICO score of less than 670 at origination) and customers attending not-for-profit schools (with a FICO score of less than 640 at origination).
Number of months in active repayment for which a scheduled payment was due.
Balance represents gross Private Education Loans.
15
The following tables provide information regarding the loan status and aging of past due loans.
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
Loans in forbearance(2)
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans current
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
Total FFELP Loans in repayment
Total FFELP Loans, gross
FFELP Loan unamortized premium
Total FFELP Loans
FFELP Loan allowance for losses
Percentage of FFELP Loans in repayment
Delinquencies as a percentage of FFELP Loans in repayment
FFELP Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
Loans for customers who may still be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation, as well as loans for customers who have requested and qualify for other permitted program deferments such as military, unemployment, or economic hardships.
Loans for customers who have used their allowable deferment time or do not qualify for deferment, that need additional time to obtain employment or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors.
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
16
Total traditional loans in repayment
Total traditional loans, gross
Traditional loans unamortized discount
Total traditional loans
Traditional loans receivable for partially charged-off loans
Traditional loans allowance for losses
Traditional loans, net
Percentage of traditional loans in repayment
Delinquencies as a percentage of traditional loans in repayment
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
17
Total non-traditional loans in repayment
Total non-traditional loans, gross
Non-traditional loans unamortized discount
Total non-traditional loans
Non-traditional loans receivable for partially charged-off loans
Non-traditional loans allowance for losses
Non-traditional loans, net
Percentage of non-traditional loans in repayment
Delinquencies as a percentage of non-traditional loans in repayment
Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans
At the end of each month, for loans that are 212 days past due, we charge off the estimated loss of a defaulted loan balance. Actual recoveries are applied against the remaining loan balance that was not charged off. We refer to this remaining loan balance as the “receivable for partially charged-off loans.” If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately charged off through the allowance for loan losses with an offsetting reduction in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the cumulative recovery amount exceeds the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered. Private Education Loans which defaulted between 2007 and 2014 for which we have previously charged off estimated losses have, to varying degrees, not met our post-default recovery expectations to date and may continue not to do so. According to our policy, we have been charging off these periodic shortfalls in expected recoveries against our allowance for Private Education Loan losses and the related receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans and we will continue to do so. There was $392 million and $329 million in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses at September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, providing for possible additional future charge-offs related to the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans.
18
The following table summarizes the activity in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans.
Receivable at beginning of period
Expected future recoveries of current period defaults(1)
Recoveries(2)
Charge-offs(3)
Receivable at end of period
Allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls(4)
Net receivable at end of period
Represents the difference between the loan balance and our estimate of the amount to be collected in the future.
Current period cash collections.
Represents the current period recovery shortfall — the difference between what was expected to be collected and what was actually collected. These amounts are included in the Private Education Loan total charge-offs as reported in the “Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics” tables.
The allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls of the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans is a component of the $2.0 billion and $2.1 billion overall allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)
We modify the terms of loans for certain customers when we believe such modifications may increase the ability and willingness of a customer to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount collected on a loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan. For customers experiencing financial difficulty, certain Private Education Loans for which we have granted either a forbearance of greater than three months, an interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan are classified as TDRs. Approximately 50 percent and 45 percent of the loans granted forbearance have qualified as a TDR loan at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The unpaid principal balance of TDR loans that were in an interest rate reduction plan as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $2.1 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively.
19
At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, all of our TDR loans had a related allowance recorded. The following table provides the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans.
September 30, 2014
Private Education Loans — Traditional
Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional
December 31, 2013
The recorded investment is equal to the unpaid principal balance and accrued interest receivable net of unamortized deferred fees and costs.
The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans.
20
The following table provides information regarding the loan status and aging of TDR loans that are past due.
Loans in deferment(1)
Total TDR loans in repayment
Total TDR loans, gross
The following table provides the amount of modified loans that resulted in a TDR in the periods presented. Additionally, the table summarizes charge-offs occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the current period within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as 60 days past due for this disclosure. The majority of our loans that are considered TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan.
Represents period ending balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR.
Represents loans that charged off that were classified as TDRs.
21
Accrued Interest Receivable
The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due portfolio for all periods presented.
The following table summarizes our borrowings.
Unsecured borrowings:
Senior unsecured debt
Bank deposits
Other(1)
Total unsecured borrowings
Secured borrowings:
FFELP Loan securitizations
Private Education Loan securitizations
FFELP Loan — other facilities
Private Education Loan — other facilities
Total secured borrowings
Total before hedge accounting adjustments
Hedge accounting adjustments
“Other” primarily consists of the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivative exposure.
22
Variable Interest Entities
We consolidated the following financing VIEs as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, as we are the primary beneficiary. As a result, these VIEs are accounted for as secured borrowings.
Secured Borrowings — VIEs:
Our risk management strategy and use of and accounting for derivatives have not materially changed from that discussed in our Form 10. Please refer to “Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments” in our Form 10 for a full discussion.
23
Summary of Derivative Financial Statement Impact
The following tables summarize the fair values and notional amounts of all derivative instruments at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and their impact on other comprehensive income and earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
Impact of Derivatives on Consolidated Balance Sheet
Fair Values(1)
Derivative Assets:
Interest rate swaps
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Other(2)
Total derivative assets(3)
Derivative Liabilities:
Floor Income Contracts
Total derivative liabilities(3)
Net total derivatives
Fair values reported are exclusive of collateral held and pledged and accrued interest. Assets and liabilities are presented without consideration of master netting agreements. Derivatives are carried on the balance sheet based on net position by counterparty under master netting agreements, and classified in other assets or other liabilities depending on whether in a net positive or negative position.
“Other” includes embedded derivatives bifurcated from securitization debt as well as derivatives related to our Total Return Swap Facility and back-to-back private credit floors.
The following table reconciles gross positions without the impact of master netting agreements to the balance sheet classification:
(Dollar in millions)
Gross position
Impact of master netting agreements
Derivative values with impact of master netting agreements (as carried on balance sheet)
Cash collateral (held) pledged
Net position
The above fair values include adjustments for counterparty credit risk both for when we are exposed to the counterparty, net of collateral postings, and when the counterparty is exposed to us, net of collateral postings.
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The net adjustments decreased the overall net asset positions at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 by $40 million and $91 million, respectively. In addition, the above fair values reflect adjustments for illiquid derivatives as indicated by a wide bid/ask spread in the interest rate indices to which the derivatives are indexed. These adjustments decreased the overall net asset positions at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 by $74 million and $84 million, respectively.
(Dollars in billions)
Notional Values:
Total derivatives
“Other” includes embedded derivatives bifurcated from securitization debt, as well as derivatives related to our Total Return Swap Facility and back-to-back private credit floors.
Impact of Derivatives on Consolidated Statements of Income
Fair Value Hedges:
Total fair value derivatives
Cash Flow Hedges:
Total cash flow derivatives
Trading:
Total trading derivatives
Less: realized gains (losses) recorded in interest expense
Recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” in the consolidated statements of income.
Represents ineffectiveness related to cash flow hedges.
For fair value and cash flow hedges, recorded in interest expense. For trading derivatives, recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net.”
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Collateral
Collateral held and pledged related to derivative exposures between us and our derivative counterparties are detailed in the following table:
Collateral held:
Cash (obligation to return cash collateral is recorded in short-term borrowings)(1)
Securities at fair value — on-balance sheet securitization derivatives (not recorded in financial statements)(2)
Total collateral held
Derivative asset at fair value including accrued interest
Collateral pledged to others:
Cash (right to receive return of cash collateral is recorded in investments)
Total collateral pledged
Derivative liability at fair value including accrued interest and premium receivable
At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, $61 million and $0 million, respectively, were held in restricted cash accounts.
The trusts do not have the ability to sell or re-pledge securities they hold as collateral.
Our corporate derivatives contain credit contingent features. At our current unsecured credit rating, we have fully collateralized our corporate derivative liability position (including accrued interest and net of premiums receivable) of $526 million with our counterparties. Further downgrades would not result in any additional collateral requirements, except to increase the frequency of collateral calls. Two counterparties have the right to terminate the contracts based on our current unsecured credit rating. We currently have a liability position with these derivative counterparties (including accrued interest and net of premiums receivable) of $118 million and have posted $119 million of collateral to these counterparties. If these two counterparties exercised their right to terminate, we would not be required to deliver additional assets to settle the contracts. Trust related derivatives do not contain credit contingent features related to our or the trusts’ credit ratings.
The following table provides the detail of our other assets.
Accrued interest receivable, net
Income tax asset, net current and deferred
Derivatives at fair value
Accounts receivable
Benefit and insurance-related investments
Fixed assets, net
Other loans, net
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The following table summarizes common share repurchases and issuances by Navient and Old SLM.
Common shares repurchased(1)
Average purchase price per share(2)
Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans(3)
Average purchase price per share
Common shares issued(4)
Common shares purchased under board approved share repurchase programs.
Average purchase price per share includes purchase commission costs.
Comprises shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock for employees’ tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.
Common shares issued under our various compensation and benefit plans.
The closing price of our common stock on September 30, 2014 was $17.71.
In April 2014, in connection with the Spin-Off, Old SLM retired 127 million shares of common stock held in treasury. This retirement decreased the balance in treasury stock by $2.3 billion, with corresponding decreases of $25 million in common stock and $2.3 billion in additional paid-in capital. There was no impact to total equity from this retirement.
The par value of Navient common stock is $0.01 per share, while the par value of the common stock of Old SLM, our accounting predecessor, was $0.20 per share.
Dividend and Share Repurchase Program
In September 2014, we paid a common stock dividend of $0.15 per share.
In May 2014, we authorized $400 million to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program that does not have an expiration date. We repurchased 9.5 million shares of common stock for $167 million in the third quarter of 2014. As of September 30, 2014, we had $168 million in remaining authority.
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Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) are calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS calculations follows.
(In millions, except per share data)
Numerator:
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS
Effect of dilutive securities:
Dilutive effect of stock options, non-vested restricted stock, restricted stock units and Employee Stock Purchase Plans (“ESPPs”)(1)
Dilutive potential common shares(2)
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Navient Corporation:
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Navient Corporation:
Includes the potential dilutive effect of additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, non-vested restricted stock, restricted stock units, and the outstanding commitment to issue shares under applicable ESPPs, determined by the treasury stock method.
For the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, securities covering approximately 3 million and 3 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, securities covering approximately 3 million and 4 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
In connection with the Spin-Off, SLM BankCo assumed the equity incentive plans of Old SLM and outstanding awards granted thereunder. Following the Spin-Off, Navient established a new equity incentive plan with respect to its common stock. In order to maintain the intrinsic value of outstanding equity awards prior to the distribution, certain adjustments to the exercise price and number of awards were made. In general, holders of awards granted prior to 2014 received both adjusted SLM BankCo and new Navient equity awards, and holders of awards granted in 2014 received solely equity awards of their post-distribution employer. Outstanding stock
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options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and dividend equivalent units were adjusted into equity in the new companies by a specific conversion ratio per company, which was based upon the volume weighted average prices for each company leading up to the time of the separation, to keep the intrinsic value of the equity awards constant. These adjustments were accounted for as modifications to the original awards. In general, the SLM BankCo and Navient awards are subject to substantially the same terms and conditions as the original Old SLM awards. A comparison of the fair value of the modified awards with the fair value of the original awards immediately before the modification resulted in an immaterial amount of incremental compensation expense which was recorded immediately.
We use estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards in our financial statements.
We categorize our fair value estimates based on a hierarchical framework associated with three levels of price transparency utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Please refer to “Note 12 — Fair Value Measurements” in our Form 10 for a full discussion.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, there were no significant transfers of financial instruments between levels, or changes in our methodology or assumptions used to value our financial instruments.
The following table summarizes the valuation of our financial instruments that are marked-to-market on a recurring basis.
Available-for-sale investments:
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
Total available-for-sale investments
Derivative instruments:(1)
Liabilities(2)
Derivative instruments(1)
Fair value of derivative instruments excludes accrued interest and the value of collateral.
Borrowings which are the hedged items in a fair value hedge relationship and which are adjusted for changes in value due to benchmark interest rates only are not carried at full fair value and are not reflected in this table.
See “Note 5 — Derivative Financial Instruments” for a reconciliation of gross positions without the impact of master netting agreements to the balance sheet classification.
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The following tables summarize the change in balance sheet carrying value associated with level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis.
Balance, beginning of period
Total gains/(losses) (realized and unrealized):
Included in earnings(1)
Included in other comprehensive income
Settlements
Transfers in and/or out of level 3
Balance, end of period
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) relating to instruments still held at the reporting date(2)
“Included in earnings” is comprised of the following amounts recorded in the specified line item in the consolidated statements of income:
Interest expense
Recorded in “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” in the consolidated statements of income.
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The following table presents the significant inputs that are unobservable or from inactive markets used in the recurring valuations of the level 3 financial instruments detailed above.
Derivatives
Consumer Price Index/ LIBOR basis swaps
to discount rate
(0.04%)
Prime/LIBOR basis swaps
(0.08%)
The significant inputs that are unobservable or from inactive markets related to our level 3 derivatives detailed in the table above would be expected to have the following impacts to the valuations:
Consumer Price Index/LIBOR basis swaps — These swaps do not actively trade in the markets as indicated by a wide bid/ask spread. A wider bid/ask spread will result in a decrease in the overall valuation.
Prime/LIBOR basis swaps — These swaps do not actively trade in the markets as indicated by a wide bid/ask spread. A wider bid/ask spread will result in a decrease in the overall valuation. In addition, the unobservable inputs include Constant Prepayment Rates of the underlying securitization trust the swap references. A decrease in this input will result in a longer weighted average life of the swap which will increase the value for swaps in a gain position and decrease the value for swaps in a loss position, everything else equal. The opposite is true for an increase in the input.
Cross-currency interest rate swaps — The unobservable inputs used in these valuations are Constant Prepayment Rates of the underlying securitization trust the swap references. A decrease in this input will result in a longer weighted average life of the swap. All else equal in a typical currency market, this will result in a decrease to the valuation due to the delay in the cash flows of the currency exchanges as well as diminished liquidity in the forward exchange markets as the term of the swap is increased. The opposite is true for an increase in the input.
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The following table summarizes the fair values of our financial assets and liabilities, including derivative financial instruments.
Earning assets
Cash and investments(1)
Total earning assets
Interest-bearing liabilities
Total interest-bearing liabilities
Derivative financial instruments
Excess of net asset fair value over carrying value
“Cash and investments” includes available-for-sale investments that consist of investments that are primarily agency securities whose cost basis is $6 million and $113 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, versus a fair value of $7 million and $109 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
On May 2, 2014, Navient Solutions, Inc. (“NSI”) (formerly Sallie Mae, Inc.), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Navient, and Sallie Mae Bank entered into consent orders with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) (respectively, the “NSI Order” and the “Bank Order”; collectively, “the FDIC Orders”) to resolve previously disclosed matters related to certain cited violations of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, including the disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as alleged violations under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”). The FDIC Orders, which became effective upon the signing of the consent order with the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) by Navient and SLM BankCo on May 13, 2014, required NSI to pay $3.3 million in civil monetary penalties. NSI has paid its civil monetary penalties. In addition, the FDIC Orders required the establishment of a restitution reserve account totaling $30 million to provide restitution with respect to loans owned or originated by Sallie Mae Bank, from November 28, 2005 until the effective date of the FDIC Orders. Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement among SLM Corporation, SLM BankCo and Navient dated as of April 28, 2014 (the “Separation Agreement”), Navient is responsible for funding the restitution reserve account. We funded the account in May 2014.
The NSI Order requires NSI to ensure proper servicing for service members and proper application of SCRA benefits under a revised and broader definition of eligibility than previously required by the statute and regulatory guidance and to make changes to billing statements and late fee practices. These changes to billing
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statements have already been implemented. In order to treat all customers in a similar manner, NSI will voluntarily make restitution of certain late fees to all other customers whose loans were neither owned nor originated by Sallie Mae Bank on the same basis and in the same manner as that which would be required by the FDIC. These refunds are estimated at $42 million.
With respect to alleged civil violations of the SCRA, NSI and Sallie Mae Bank have entered into a consent order with the DOJ, in its capacity as the agency having primary authority for enforcement of such matters. The DOJ consent order (“DOJ Order”) covers all loans either owned by Sallie Mae Bank or serviced by NSI from November 28, 2005 until the effective date of the settlement. The DOJ Order required NSI to fund a $60 million settlement fund, which represents the total amount of compensation due to service members under the DOJ agreement, and to pay $55,000 in civil money penalties. The DOJ Order was approved by the United States District Court in Delaware on September 29, 2014, and as a result, Navient funded the settlement fund and paid the civil money penalties in October 2014.
As of December 31, 2013, a reserve of $65 million was established for estimated amounts and costs that were probable of being incurred for the FDIC and DOJ matters discussed above. In the first quarter of 2014, an additional reserve of $103 million was recorded for pending regulatory matters based on the progression of settlement discussions with the regulators. As a result, the total reserve established by the Company to cover these costs was $168 million as of March 31, 2014, and as of September 30, 2014, $120 million of those reserves remained. The final cost of these proceedings remains uncertain until all of the work under the various consent orders has been completed.
NSI has also received Civil Investigative Demands (“CIDs”) from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) as part of the CFPB’s separate investigation regarding allegations relating to Navient’s disclosures and assessment of late fees and other matters. Navient has been in discussions with the CFPB relating to these matters and is cooperating with the investigation. We are not in a position at this time to predict the duration or outcome of this investigation and reserves have not been established for this matter.
Navient has received CIDs issued by the State of Illinois Office of Attorney General and the State of Washington Office of Attorney General and continues to cooperate with multiple state Attorneys General in connection with these investigations. According to the CIDs, the investigation was initiated to ascertain whether any practices declared to be unlawful under the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act have occurred or are about to occur. Navient is cooperating with this investigation. We are not in a position at this time to predict the duration or the outcome of this investigation and reserves have not been established for this matter.
Pursuant to the Separation Agreement entered into in connection with the Spin-Off, Navient has agreed to be responsible and indemnify SLM BankCo for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may arise from the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM BankCo occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement. Please see our Form 10 for a discussion of these indemnifications. As a result, all liabilities arising out of the aforementioned regulatory matters, other than fines or penalties directly levied against Sallie Mae Bank, are the responsibility of, or assumed by, Navient or one of its subsidiaries, and Navient has agreed to indemnify and hold harmless Sallie Mae and its subsidiaries, including Sallie Mae Bank, therefrom. Navient retained $165 million of the $168 million original regulatory reserve in connection with the Spin-Off. There are no additional reserves Navient has related to other indemnification matters with SLM BankCo as of September 30, 2014.
Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are defendants in or parties to pending and threatened legal actions and proceedings including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants.
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These actions and proceedings may be based on alleged violations of consumer protection, securities, employment and other laws. In certain of these actions and proceedings, claims for substantial monetary damage are asserted against us and our subsidiaries.
In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations. In connection with formal and informal inquiries in these cases, we and our subsidiaries receive numerous requests, subpoenas and orders for documents, testimony and information in connection with various aspects of our regulated activities.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such litigation and regulatory matters, we cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be, what the timing or the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter may be.
We are required to establish reserves for litigation and regulatory matters where those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. When loss contingencies are not both probable and estimable, we do not establish reserves.
Based on current knowledge, reserves have been established for certain litigation or regulatory matters where the loss is both probable and estimable. Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that loss contingencies, if any, arising from pending investigations, litigation or regulatory matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows.
FFELP Loans Segment
In the FFELP Loans segment, Navient acquires and finances FFELP Loans. Even though FFELP Loans are no longer originated, we continue to seek to acquire FFELP Loan portfolios to leverage our servicing scale to generate incremental earnings and cash flow. In this segment, we primarily earn net interest income on the FFELP Loan portfolio. This segment is expected to generate significant amounts of cash as the portfolio amortizes. The following table includes GAAP-basis asset information for our FFELP Loans segment.
Includes restricted cash and investments.
Private Education Loans Segment
In this segment, we acquire, finance and service Private Education Loans. Even though we no longer originate Private Education Loans, we continue to seek to acquire Private Education Loan portfolios to leverage our servicing scale to generate incremental earnings and cash flow. In this segment, we primarily earn net interest income on the Private Education Loan portfolio (after provision for loan losses). This segment is expected to generate significant amounts of cash as the portfolio amortizes.
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The following table includes GAAP-basis asset information for our Private Education Loans segment.
Business Services Segment
Our Business Services segment generates the majority of its revenue from servicing our FFELP Loan portfolio. We also provide servicing and asset recovery services for loans on behalf of Guarantors of FFELP Loans and other institutions, including the U.S. Department of Education (“ED”).
At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Business Services segment had total assets of $350 million and $892 million, respectively, on a GAAP basis.
Other Segment
Our Other segment primarily consists of activities of our holding company, including the repurchase of debt, the corporate liquidity portfolio and all overhead. We also include results from certain smaller wind-down and discontinued operations within this segment.
At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Other segment had total assets of $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, on a GAAP basis.
Measure of Profitability
We prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. However, we also evaluate our business segments on a basis that differs from GAAP. We refer to this different basis of presentation as “Core Earnings.” We provide this “Core Earnings” basis of presentation on a consolidated basis for each business segment because this is what we review internally when making management decisions regarding our performance and how we allocate resources. We also refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors. Because our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation corresponds to our segment financial presentations, we are required by GAAP to provide “Core Earnings” disclosure in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for our business segments.
“Core Earnings” are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP. We use “Core Earnings” to manage each business segment because “Core Earnings” reflect adjustments to GAAP financial results for three items, discussed below, that are either related to the Spin-Off or create significant volatility mostly due to timing factors generally beyond the control of management. Accordingly, we believe that “Core Earnings” provide management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against the business plan or against results from prior periods. Consequently, we disclose this information because we believe it provides investors with additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. When compared to GAAP results, the three items we remove to result in our “Core Earnings” presentations are:
The financial results attributable to the operations of the consumer banking business (SLM BankCo) prior to the Spin-Off and related restructuring and reorganization expense incurred in connection with
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While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation does not. “Core Earnings” are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Accordingly, our “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare our performance with that of other financial services companies based upon “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, our board of directors, rating agencies, lenders and investors to assess performance.
Old SLM’s definition of “Core Earnings” did not exclude the financial results attributable to the operations of the consumer banking business and related restructuring and reorganization expense incurred in connection with the Spin-Off. In the second quarter of 2014, in connection with the Spin-Off, Navient included this additional adjustment as a part of “Core Earnings” to allow better comparability of Navient’s results to pre-Spin-Off historical periods. All “Core Earnings” financial results for prior periods in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been restated to conform to Navient’s revised definition of “Core Earnings.”
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Segment Results and Reconciliations to GAAP
Student loans
Net interest income (loss)
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
Other income (loss)
Total other income (loss)
Direct operating expenses
Overhead expenses
Operating expenses
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit
The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.
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Income from discontinued operations, net of tax expense
Income tax benefit
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Net income (loss) attributable to Navient Corporation
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
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Summary of “Core Earnings” Adjustments to GAAP
Net impact of the removal of SLM BankCo’s operations and restructuring and reorganization expense in connection with the Spin-Off(1)
Net impact of derivative accounting(2)
Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangibles assets(3)
Net tax effect(4)
SLM BankCo’s operations and restructuring and reorganization expense in connection with the Spin-Off: For “Core Earnings,” we have assumed the consumer banking business (SLM BankCo) was never a part of Navient’s historical results prior to the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014 and we have removed the restructuring and reorganization expense incurred in connection with the Spin-Off. Excluding these items provides management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against results from prior periods. The adjustment relates to the exclusion of the consumer banking business and represents the operations, assets, liabilities and equity of SLM BankCo, which is comprised of Sallie Mae Bank, Upromise Rewards, the Insurance Business, and the Private Education Loan origination functions. Included in these amounts are also certain general corporate overhead expenses related to the consumer banking business. General corporate overhead consists of costs primarily associated with accounting, finance, legal, human resources, certain information technology costs, stock compensation, and executive management and the board of directors. These costs were generally allocated to the consumer banking business based on the proportionate level of effort provided to the consumer banking business relative to Old SLM using a relevant allocation driver (e.g., in proportion to the number of employees by function that were being transferred to SLM BankCo as opposed to remaining at Navient). All intercompany transactions between SLM BankCo and Navient have been eliminated. In addition, all preferred stock dividends have been removed as SLM BankCo succeeded Old SLM as the issuer of the preferred stock in connection with the Spin-Off.
Derivative accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP as well as the periodic unrealized gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our FFELP Loans, Private Education Loans and Other business segments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for Floor Income Contracts where the cumulative unrealized gain will equal the amount for which we sold the contract. In our “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any net settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life.
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible asset impairment and amortization of acquired intangible assets.
Net tax effect: Such tax effect is based upon our “Core Earnings” effective tax rate for the year.
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The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Registration Statement on Form 10, as amended (our “Form 10”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 10, 2014, and declared effective on April 14, 2014.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking” statements and information based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this document. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs, opinions, or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Form 10 and our subsequent filings with the SEC; increases in financing costs; limits on liquidity; increases in costs associated with compliance with laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards and the impact of related changes in significant accounting estimates; any adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which we are a party; credit risk associated with our exposure to third parties, including counterparties to our derivative transactions; and changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from new laws and the implementation of existing laws). We could also be affected by, among other things: changes in our funding costs and availability; reductions to our credit ratings or the credit ratings of the United States of America; failures of our operating systems or infrastructure, as well as those of third-party vendors; damage to our reputation; failures to successfully implement cost-cutting initiatives and adverse effects of such initiatives on our business; risks associated with the recently completed separation of Navient and SLM Corporation into two, distinct publicly traded companies, including failure to achieve the expected benefits of the separation; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students and their families; changes in law and regulations with respect to the student lending business and financial institutions generally; increased competition from banks and other consumer lenders; the creditworthiness of our customers; changes in the general interest rate environment, including the rate relationships among relevant money-market instruments and those of our earning assets versus our funding arrangements; changes in general economic conditions; our ability to successfully effectuate any acquisitions and other strategic initiatives; and changes in the demand for debt management services. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements also requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements contained in this report are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this document. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to conform the statement to actual results or changes in our expectations.
Definitions for certain capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q can be found in our Form 10.
Through this discussion and analysis, we intend to provide the reader with some narrative context for how our management views our consolidated financial statements, additional context within which to assess our operating results, and information on the quality and variability of our earnings, liquidity and cash flows.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to:
“We,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” with respect to any period on or prior to the date of the Spin-Off means and refers to Old SLM and its consolidated subsidiaries as constituted prior to the Spin-Off, and any references to “Navient,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” with respect to any period after the date of the Spin-Off means and refers to Navient and its consolidated subsidiaries.
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“Spin-Off” collectively refers to the internal reorganization of Old SLM on April 29, 2014 and the distribution of all of the shares of common stock of Navient to the holders of shares of SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014.
On April 30, 2014, the previously announced separation of Navient from SLM BankCo was completed. The separation was effected through the distribution by SLM BankCo, on a one-to-one basis, of all the shares of common stock of Navient to the holders of shares of SLM BankCo common stock, as of the close of business on April 22, 2014, the record date for the distribution. As a result of the distribution, Navient is an independent, publicly traded company that operates the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business previously operated by Old SLM. Navient is comprised primarily of Old SLM’s portfolios of education loans that were not held in Sallie Mae Bank at the time of the separation, as well as servicing and asset recovery activities on those loans and loans held by third parties. In October 2014, Navient successfully completed the transition of the servicing operations and rolled out the Navient brand to its customers.
To implement the separation and distribution of Navient, an internal corporate reorganization of Old SLM was effected, pursuant to which, on April 29, 2014, SLM BankCo replaced Old SLM as the parent holding company pursuant to a holding company merger. In accordance with Section 251(g) of the DGCL, by action of the Old SLM board of directors and without a shareholder vote, Old SLM was merged into Navient, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Old SLM, with Navient, LLC surviving. Immediately following the effective time of the merger, SLM BankCo changed its name to “SLM Corporation.” As part of the internal corporate reorganization and pursuant to the merger, all of the outstanding shares of Old SLM Series A preferred stock and Series B preferred stock were converted, on a one-to-one basis, into substantially identical shares of SLM BankCo preferred stock. Following the merger, the assets and liabilities associated with the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business were transferred to Navient, and those assets and liabilities associated with the consumer banking were transferred to SLM BankCo. On July 9, 2014, Navient received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service confirming the intended tax-free status of the Spin-Off and the related internal reorganization transactions. For further information on the Spin-Off and all related matters, please refer to our Form 10.
Due to the relative significance of Navient to Old SLM, among other factors, for financial reporting purposes Navient is treated as the “accounting spinnor” and therefore is the “accounting successor” to Old SLM, notwithstanding the legal form of the Spin-Off. As a result, the historical financial statements of Old SLM prior to the distribution on April 30, 2014 are the historical financial statements of Navient. For that reason, the historical GAAP financial information related to periods on or prior to April 30, 2014 contained in this Quarterly
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Report on Form 10-Q is that of Old SLM, which includes the consolidated results of both the loan management, servicing and asset recovery business and the consumer banking business. Since Navient is the “accounting spinnor,” the GAAP financial statements of Navient reflect the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo to SLM BankCo’s stockholders on April 30, 2014, notwithstanding the legal form of the Spin-Off in which Navient common stock was distributed to the stockholders of SLM BankCo.
In addition to the $1,710 million of consumer banking business net assets distributed, we also removed $41 million of goodwill from our balance sheet as required under ASC 350 in connection with the distribution. This goodwill was allocated to the consumer banking business based on relative fair value. This total of $1,751 million is the amount that appears on our consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity in connection with the deemed distribution of the consumer banking business.
Navient’s Business
Navient is a loan management, servicing and asset recovery company.
Navient holds the largest portfolio of education loans insured or guaranteed under the FFELP, as well as the largest portfolio of Private Education Loans. FFELP Loans are insured or guaranteed by state or not-for-profit agencies and are also protected by contractual rights to recovery from the United States pursuant to guaranty agreements among ED and these agencies. Private Education Loans are education loans to students or their families that are non-federal loans and not insured or guaranteed under FFELP. Private Education Loans bear the full credit risk of the customer and any cosigner and are made primarily to bridge the gap between the cost of higher education and the amount funded through financial aid, federal loans or students’ and families’ resources. As of September 30, 2014, approximately 87 percent of the FFELP Loans and 58 percent of the Private Education Loans held by Navient were funded to term with non-recourse, long-term securitization debt through the use of securitization trusts.
Navient services its own portfolio of education loans, as well as those owned by banks, credit unions, non-profit education lenders and ED. Navient is one of four large servicers to ED under its Direct Student Loan
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Program (“DSLP”). It provides asset recovery services on its own portfolio (consisting of both education loans as well as other asset classes), and for guaranty agencies (which serve as intermediaries between the U.S. federal government and FFELP lenders and are responsible for paying claims on defaulted FFELP Loans), ED and other clients.
As of September 30, 2014, Navient’s principal assets consisted of:
$97.7 billion in FFELP Loans, with a student loan spread of 1.02 percent for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 on a “Core Earnings” basis and a weighted average life of 7.5 years;
$30.5 billion in Private Education Loans, with a student loan spread of 4.06 percent for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 on a “Core Earnings” basis and a weighted average life of 7.1 years;
a leading student loan servicing platform that services loans for more than 12 million DSLP Loan, FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan customers (including cosigners), including 6.1 million customer accounts serviced under Navient’s contract with ED; and
a leading student loan asset recovery platform with an outstanding inventory of contingent asset recovery receivables of approximately $16.0 billion, of which approximately $13.3 billion was student loans and the remainder was other debt.
Navient’s Strengths and Opportunities
Navient possesses a number of competitive advantages that distinguishes it from its competitors, including:
Large, high quality asset base with predictable cash flows. At September 30, 2014, Navient’s $128.2 billion student loan portfolio is 80 percent funded to term and is expected to produce consistent and predictable cash flows over the remaining life of the portfolio. Navient’s $97.7 billion portfolio of FFELP Loans bears a maximum three-percent loss exposure due to the federal guarantee. Navient’s $30.5 billion portfolio of Private Education Loans bears the full credit risk of the borrower and cosigner. Navient expects that cash flows from its FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan portfolios will significantly exceed future debt service obligations.
Efficient and large scale servicing platform. Navient is the largest servicer of education loans, servicing over $300 billion in student loans for more than 12 million customers. Navient has demonstrated scalable infrastructure with capacity to add volume at a low cost. Navient’s premier market share and tested servicing and asset recovery infrastructure make it well-positioned to expand its servicing and asset recovery businesses to additional third-party FFELP, federal, Private Education and other loan portfolios.
Superior operating performance. Navient has demonstrated superior default prevention performance and industry leading asset recovery services. The combined portfolio of federal loans serviced by Navient (DSLP Loans and FFELP Loans) experienced a Cohort Default Rate 40 percent lower than the national rate released by ED in September 2014. We are consistently a top performer in our asset recovery business as well. Navient prides itself on a robust compliance culture driven by a “customer first” approach.
Strong capital return. As a result of the significant cash flow and capital generation, Navient expects to return excess capital to stockholders through dividends and share repurchases. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we have paid $189 million in common dividends and repurchased $432 million in common stock.
Meaningful growth opportunities. Navient will pursue opportunistic acquisitions of FFELP and Private Education Loan portfolios as well as additional ED and third-party servicing and asset recovery fee income opportunities. Navient will leverage its large-scale servicing platform, superior default prevention and asset recovery performance, operating efficiency and regulatory compliance and risk management infrastructure in pursuing these and other growth opportunities.
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Navient’s Approach to Assisting Students and Families in Repaying their Education Loans
Navient has a leading student loan servicing platform that services loans for more than 12 million DSLP Loan, FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan customers (including cosigners), including 6.1 million customer accounts serviced under Navient’s contract with ED. Employee emphasis is placed on providing service with accuracy, courtesy, consistency and empathy. If we fall short, we make it a priority to correct our mistake, and we make it a priority to prevent it from happening again.
We understand managing repayment of education loans is critical for students to achieve their educational goals, recognize their full earning potential and develop a strong credit profile. A key indicator of future success in loan repayment is graduation. Navient encourages customers to plan for the full cost of their education to increase their likelihood of completing their course of study because we know that those who drop out or do not complete their course of study are more likely to default on their education loans.
When it comes to repaying education loans, customer success means making steady progress toward repayment, instead of falling behind on payments. Our experience has taught us that the transition from school to full repayment requires making and carrying out a financial plan. For many, this is their first borrowing experience. For new graduates, salaries grow over time, typically making payments easier to handle as their career progresses. It is also not uncommon for some to return to school, experience illness or encounter temporary interruptions in earnings.
To help customers manage these realities, Navient makes customer success and default prevention top priorities. Contact and counseling keep customers on track, and we believe we go beyond what is required in our efforts to assist customers with past-due student loan payments. In October 2014, we launched new resources to encourage financial literacy and to help customers understand their repayment options and enroll in the plan that is best for them. That outreach pays off: approximately 90 percent of federal loan customers we reach successfully utilize the options available to them to resolve their delinquency. As a result of our outreach, customers whose federal loans Navient services have a default rate 40 percent better than the national average.
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Selected Historical Financial Information and Ratios
Although SLM BankCo is the entity that distributed the shares of Navient common stock to SLM BankCo common stockholders, for financial reporting purposes, Navient is treated as the “accounting spinnor” and therefore Navient, and not SLM BankCo, is the “accounting successor” to Old SLM. Hence, the following GAAP financial information to the extent related to periods on or prior to April 30, 2014 reflects the historical results of operations and financial condition of Old SLM, which is the accounting predecessor of Navient. For a discussion of how “Core Earnings” results are different than GAAP results, see “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” and “Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP.”
GAAP Basis
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Navient Corporation
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share
Return on assets
Ending FFELP Loans, net
Ending Private Education Loans, net
Ending total student loans, net
Average FFELP Loans
Average Private Education Loans
Average total student loans
“Core Earnings” Basis(1)
“Core Earnings” are non-GAAP financial measures and do not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. For a greater explanation of “Core Earnings,” see the section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” and subsequent sections.
Overview
The following discussion and analysis presents a review of our business and operations as of and for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2014.
We monitor and assess our ongoing operations and results based on the following four reportable segments: (1) FFELP Loans (2) Private Education Loans, (3) Business Services and (4) Other. Our segment presentation excludes the results of the consumer banking business distributed on April 30, 2014. See “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” for further discussion.
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In the FFELP Loans segment, we acquire and finance FFELP Loans. Even though FFELP Loans are no longer originated, we continue to seek to acquire FFELP Loan portfolios to leverage our servicing scale to generate incremental earnings and cash flow. In this segment, we primarily earn net interest income on the FFELP Loan portfolio. This segment is expected to generate significant amounts of cash as the portfolio amortizes.
Our Business Services segment generates its revenue from servicing our FFELP Loan portfolio as well as providing servicing and asset recovery services for loans on behalf of Guarantors of FFELP Loans and other institutions, including ED.
Key Financial Measures
Our operating results are primarily driven by net interest income from our student loan portfolios (which include financing costs), provision for loan losses, the revenues and expenses generated by our service businesses, and gains and losses on subsidiary sales, loan sales and debt repurchases. We manage and assess the performance of each business segment separately as each is focused on different customers and each derives its revenue from different activities and services. A brief summary of our key financial measures (net interest income; provisions for loan losses; charge-offs and delinquencies; servicing and asset recovery revenues; other income (loss); and operating expenses) can be found in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Form 10.
Third-Quarter 2014 Summary of Results
We report financial results on a GAAP basis and also present certain “Core Earnings” performance measures. Our management, board of directors, credit rating agencies, lenders and investors use these “Core Earnings” measures to monitor our business performance. See “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” for a further discussion and a complete reconciliation between GAAP net income and “Core Earnings.”
Third-quarter 2014 GAAP net income was $359 million ($0.85 diluted earnings per share), versus net income of $260 million ($0.57 diluted earnings per share) in the third-quarter 2013. The changes in GAAP net income are impacted by the same “Core Earnings” items discussed below, as well as changes in net income attributable to (1) the financial results attributable to the operations of the consumer banking business prior to the Spin-Off on April 30, 2014 and related restructuring and reorganization expense incurred in connection with the Spin-Off, (2) unrealized, mark-to-market gains/losses on derivatives and (3) goodwill and acquired intangible asset amortization and impairment. These items are recognized in GAAP but have not been included in “Core
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Earnings” results. Third-quarter 2014 GAAP results included gains of $226 million from derivative accounting treatment that are excluded from “Core Earnings” results, compared with losses of $19 million in the year-ago period. See “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” for a complete reconciliation between GAAP net income and “Core Earnings.”
“Core Earnings” for the quarter were $218 million ($0.52 diluted earnings per share), compared with $259 million ($0.58 diluted earnings per share) for the year-ago quarter. The decrease in “Core Earnings” was the result of a $39 million reduction in asset recovery revenue, primarily related to a legislative reduction in certain fees earned effective July 1, 2014, as well as a $48 million reduction in net interest income, partially offset by a $47 million decrease in provisions for loan losses.
In addition, during the first nine months of 2014, we:
acquired $3.4 billion of student loans;
issued $4.0 billion of FFELP asset-backed securities (“ABS”), $1.1 billion of Private Education Loan ABS and $850 million of unsecured bonds;
closed on a new $8.0 billion FFELP Loan asset-backed commercial paper (“ABCP”) facility that matures in January 2016. This facility replaced an existing $5.5 million FFELP ABCP facility which was retired in January 2014;
closed on a new $1.0 billion Private Education Loan ABCP facility. This facility, which matures in June 2015, will be available for Private Education Loan refinancing and acquisitions;
repurchased 21.7 million common shares for $432 million on the open market (8.3 million common shares for $200 million pre-Spin-Off, and 13.4 million common shares for $232 million post-Spin-Off); and
authorized $400 million in May 2014 to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program, of which $232 million has been utilized.
Results of Operations
We present the results of operations below first on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. Following our discussion of consolidated earnings results on a GAAP basis, we present our results on a segment basis. We have four business segments: FFELP Loans, Private Education Loans, Business Services and Other. Since these segments operate in distinct business environments and we manage and evaluate the financial performance of these segments using non-GAAP financial measures, these segments are presented on a “Core Earnings” basis (see “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations”).
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GAAP Statements of Income (Unaudited)
Other income
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Consolidated Earnings Summary — GAAP-basis
Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
For the three months ended September 30, 2014, net income was $359 million, or $0.85 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $260 million, or $0.57 diluted earnings per common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The increase in net income was primarily due to a $235 million increase in net gains on derivative and hedging activities, a $67 million decline in the provisions for loan losses, lower operating expenses of $62 million and a $25 million increase in other income. This was partially offset by a $175 million decline in net interest income and a $39 million decrease in asset recovery revenue.
The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter are as follows:
Net interest income decreased by $175 million of which $112 million related to the deemed distribution on SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014. Also contributing to the decrease was a reduction in FFELP net interest income resulting from a $9 billion decline in average FFELP Loans outstanding.
Provisions for loan losses declined $67 million primarily as a result of the overall improvement in Private Education Loans’ credit quality, delinquency and charge-off trends leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, increased $235 million. The primary factors affecting the change were interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which primarily affected the valuations of our Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during each period. Valuations of derivative instruments vary based upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities may continue to vary significantly in future periods.
Asset recovery revenue decreased $39 million primarily as a result of the Bipartisan Budget Act (the “Budget Act”) enacted on December 26, 2013 and effective on July 1, 2014, which reduced the amount paid to Guarantor agencies for defaulted FFELP Loans that are rehabilitated. This legislative reduction in fees earned represents $32 million of the $39 million decrease in asset recovery revenue.
Other income increased $25 million primarily due to an increase in foreign currency translation gains. The foreign currency translation gains relate to a portion of our foreign currency denominated debt that does not receive hedge accounting treatment. These gains were partially offset by the “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line item on the income statement related to the derivatives used to economically hedge these debt instruments.
Operating expenses decreased $62 million, of which $67 million related to the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014.
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses increased $2 million to $14 million. These expenses were primarily related to costs incurred in connection with the Spin-Off. We expect these costs to decline as we complete our transition efforts.
We repurchased 9.5 million shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2014 as part of our common share repurchase program. There were no repurchases in the year-ago quarter. Primarily as a result of ongoing common share repurchases, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 22 million common shares from the year-ago quarter.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net income was $885 million, or $2.05 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $1.1 billion, or $2.52 diluted earnings per common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease in net income was primarily due to a $325 million decline in net interest income, $312 million in gains from the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization
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trusts that occurred in the first half of 2013, a $38 million after-tax gain from the sale of the Campus Solutions business in the year-ago period, a $42 million decrease in debt repurchase gains, higher operating expenses of $36 million and higher restructuring and other reorganization costs of $56 million. This was partially offset by a $159 million decline in the provisions for loan losses and a $301 million increase in net gains on derivative and hedging activities.
The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current nine-month period compared with the year-ago nine-month period are as follows:
Net interest income decreased by $325 million of which $138 million related to the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014. Also contributing to the decrease was a reduction in FFELP net interest income resulting from a $13 billion decline in average FFELP Loans outstanding. This decline in FFELP Loans was due, in part, to the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in the first half of 2013. There were approximately $12 billion of FFELP Loans in these trusts at the time of sale.
Provisions for loan losses declined $159 million primarily as a result of the overall improvement in Private Education Loans’ credit quality, delinquency and charge-off trends leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.
Gains on sales of loans and investments decreased by $307 million as the result of $312 million in gains on the sales of the Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in the first-half of 2013. There were no sales in the current nine-month period.
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, increased $301 million. The primary factors affecting the change were interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which primarily affected the valuations of our Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during each period. Valuations of derivative instruments vary based upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities may continue to vary significantly in future periods.
Gains on debt repurchases decreased $42 million. Debt repurchase activity will fluctuate based on market fundamentals and our liability management strategy.
The primary driver of the increase in direct operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared with the prior-year period was $103 million of additional reserve recorded in first-quarter 2014 for pending regulatory matters. During the second quarter, Navient entered into agreements with the DOJ and the FDIC to resolve these previously reported regulatory matters.
Excluding this regulatory reserve, operating expenses decreased $67 million. This decrease was primarily due to $118 million related to the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014, partially offset primarily by increases in our third-party servicing and asset recovery activities.
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses increased $56 million to $102 million. These expenses were primarily related to third-party costs incurred in connection with the Spin-Off. We expect these costs to decline as we complete our transition efforts.
We repurchased 21.7 million shares and 19.3 million shares of our common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, as part of our common share repurchase program. Primarily as a result of ongoing common share repurchases, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 21 million common shares from the year-ago period.
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“Core Earnings” — Definition and Limitations
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation does not. “Core Earnings” are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Accordingly, our “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare our performance with that of other financial services companies based upon “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, our board of directors, credit rating agencies, lenders and investors to assess performance.
Old SLM’s definition of “Core Earnings” did not exclude the financial results attributable to the operations of the consumer banking business and related restructuring and reorganization expense incurred in connection with the Spin-Off. In the second quarter of 2014, in connection with the Spin-Off, Navient included this additional adjustment as a part of “Core Earnings” to allow better comparability of Navient’s results to pre-Spin-Off historical periods. All prior periods in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been restated to conform to Navient’s revised definition of “Core Earnings.”
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The following tables show “Core Earnings” for each business segment and our business as a whole along with the adjustments made to the income/expense items to reconcile the amounts to our reported GAAP results as required by GAAP and reported in “Note 12 — Segment Reporting.”
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Differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP
The following discussion summarizes the differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP net income and details each specific adjustment required to reconcile our “Core Earnings” segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
“Core Earnings” net income attributable to Navient Corporation
Net impact of the removal of SLM BankCo’s operations and restructuring and reorganization expense in connection with the Spin-Off
Net impact of derivative accounting
Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangible assets
Net tax effect
GAAP net income attributable to Navient Corporation
1) SLM BankCo’s operations and restructuring and reorganization expense in connection with the Spin-Off: On April 30, 2014, the Spin-Off of Navient from Old SLM was completed and Navient is now an independent, publicly-traded company. Due to the relative significance of Navient to Old SLM prior to the Spin-Off, among other factors, for financial reporting purposes Navient is treated as the “accounting spinnor” and therefore is the “accounting successor” to Old SLM as constituted prior to the Spin-Off, notwithstanding the legal form of the Spin-Off. Since Navient is treated for accounting purposes as the “accounting spinnor,” the GAAP financial statements of Navient reflect the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo to SLM BankCo’s stockholders on April 30, 2014.
For “Core Earnings,” we have assumed the consumer banking business (SLM BankCo) was never a part of Navient’s historical results prior to the deemed distribution of SLM BankCo on April 30, 2014 and we have removed the restructuring and reorganization expense incurred in connection with the Spin-Off. Excluding these items provides management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against results from prior periods. The adjustment relates to the exclusion of the consumer banking business and represents the operations, assets, liabilities and equity of SLM BankCo, which is comprised of Sallie Mae Bank, Upromise Rewards, the Insurance Business, and the Private Education Loan origination functions. Included in these amounts are also certain general corporate overhead expenses related to the consumer banking business. General corporate overhead consists of costs primarily associated with accounting, finance, legal, human resources, certain information technology costs, stock compensation, and executive management and the board of directors. These costs were generally allocated to the consumer banking business based on the proportionate level of effort provided to the consumer banking business relative to Old SLM using a relevant allocation driver (e.g., in proportion to the number of employees by function that were being transferred to SLM BankCo as opposed to remaining at Navient). All intercompany transactions between SLM BankCo and Navient have been eliminated. In addition, all prior preferred stock dividends have been removed as SLM BankCo succeeded Old SLM as the issuer of the preferred stock in connection with the Spin-Off.
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SLM BankCo net income, before income tax expense
Restructuring and reorganization expense in connection with the Spin-Off
Total net impact of SLM BankCo, before income tax expense
2) Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP, as well as the periodic unrealized gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our FFELP Loans, Private Education Loans and Other business segments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for Floor Income Contracts, where the cumulative unrealized gain will equal the amount for which we sold the contract. In our “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any net settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life.
The accounting for derivatives requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings, with no fair value adjustment of the hedged item, unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. We believe that our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate and foreign currency risk management strategy. However, some of our derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and certain basis swaps, do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. These gains and losses recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” are primarily caused by interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate volatility and changing credit spreads during the period as well as the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge accounting treatment.
Our Floor Income Contracts are written options that must meet more stringent requirements than other hedging relationships to achieve hedge effectiveness. Specifically, our Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because the pay down of principal of the student loans underlying the Floor Income embedded in those student loans does not exactly match the change in the notional amount of our written Floor Income Contracts. Additionally, the term, the interest rate index, and the interest rate index reset frequency of the Floor Income Contract can be different than that of the student loans. Under derivative accounting treatment, the upfront payment is deemed a liability and changes in fair value are recorded through income throughout the life of the contract. The change in the value of Floor Income Contracts is primarily caused by changing interest rates that cause the amount of Floor Income earned on the underlying student loans and paid to the counterparties to vary. This is economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Therefore, for purposes of “Core Earnings,” we have removed the unrealized gains and losses related to these contracts and added back the amortization of the net premiums received on the Floor Income Contracts. The amortization of the net premiums received on the Floor Income Contracts for “Core Earnings” is reflected in student loan interest income. Under GAAP accounting, the premiums received on the Floor Income Contracts are recorded as revenue in the “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” line item by the end of the contracts’ lives.
Basis swaps are used to convert floating rate debt from one floating interest rate index to another to better match the interest rate characteristics of the assets financed by that debt. We primarily use basis swaps to hedge
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our student loan assets that are primarily indexed to LIBOR or Prime. The accounting for derivatives requires that when using basis swaps, the change in the cash flows of the hedge effectively offset both the change in the cash flows of the asset and the change in the cash flows of the liability. Our basis swaps hedge variable interest rate risk; however, they generally do not meet this effectiveness test because the index of the swap does not exactly match the index of the hedged assets as required for hedge accounting treatment. Additionally, some of our FFELP Loans can earn at either a variable or a fixed interest rate depending on market interest rates and therefore swaps economically hedging these FFELP Loans do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting treatment. As a result, under GAAP, these swaps are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected currently in the income statement.
The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting between GAAP and “Core Earnings” net income.
“Core Earnings” derivative adjustments:
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income
Plus: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
Unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net(2)
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts in net interest income for “Core Earnings”
Other derivative accounting adjustments(3)
Total net impact of derivative accounting(4)
See “Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” below for a detailed breakdown of the components of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities.
“Unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” comprises the following unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses):
Basis swaps
Foreign currency hedges
Total unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net
Other derivative accounting adjustments consist of adjustments related to: (1) foreign currency denominated debt that is adjusted to spot foreign exchange rates for GAAP where such adjustment are reversed for “Core Earnings” and (2) certain terminated derivatives that did not receive hedge accounting treatment under GAAP but were economic hedges under “Core Earnings” and, as a result, such gains or losses amortized into “Core Earnings” over the life of the hedged item.
Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income and positive amounts are added to “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.
Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities
Derivative accounting requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as “realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities”) that do not qualify as hedges to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. Under our “Core Earnings” presentation, these gains and losses are reclassified to the income statement line item of the economically hedged item. For our “Core Earnings” net interest margin, this would primarily include: (a) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to our Floor Income Contracts to student
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loan interest income and (b) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to certain of our basis swaps to debt interest expense. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities and the associated reclassification on a “Core Earnings” basis.
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities:
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income
Net settlement income on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income
Foreign exchange derivatives gains reclassified to other income
Net realized gains on terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities
Cumulative Impact of Derivative Accounting under GAAP compared to “Core Earnings”
As of September 30, 2014, derivative accounting has reduced GAAP equity by approximately $617 million as a result of cumulative net unrealized losses (after tax) recognized under GAAP, but not in “Core Earnings.” The following table rolls forward the cumulative impact to GAAP equity due to these unrealized after tax net losses related to derivative accounting.
Beginning impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity
Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting(1)
Ending impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity
Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting is composed of the following:
Total pre-tax net impact of derivative accounting recognized in net income(a)
Tax impact of derivative accounting adjustments recognized in net income
Change in unrealized gain (losses) on derivatives, net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income
Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting
See “‘Core Earnings’ derivative adjustments” table above.
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Net Floor premiums received on Floor Income Contracts that have not been amortized into “Core Earnings” as of the respective year-ends are presented in the table below. These net premiums will be recognized in “Core Earnings” in future periods. As of September 30, 2014, the remaining amortization term of the net floor premiums was approximately 1.75 years for existing contracts. Historically, we have sold Floor Income Contracts on a periodic basis and depending upon market conditions and pricing, we may enter into additional Floor Income Contracts in the future. The balance of unamortized Floor Income Contracts will increase as we sell new contracts and decline due to the amortization of existing contracts.
Unamortized net Floor premiums (net of tax)(1)
$(374) million and $(643) million on a pre-tax basis as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
3) Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible asset impairment and the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The following table summarizes the goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments.
“Core Earnings” goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments(1)
Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.
Business Segment Earnings Summary — “Core Earnings” Basis
The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our FFELP Loans segment.
“Core Earnings” interest income:
Total “Core Earnings” interest income
Total “Core Earnings” interest expense
Net “Core Earnings” interest income
Less: provision for loan losses
Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provision for loan losses
Income before income tax expense
“Core Earnings”
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“Core Earnings” from the FFELP Loans segment were $79 million in the third quarter of 2014, compared with $91 million in the year-ago quarter. The decrease is primarily due to a reduction in net interest income due to the decrease in FFELP Loans outstanding. “Core Earnings” key performance metrics are as follows:
FFELP Loan spread
Net interest margin
Provision for loan losses
Charge-offs
Charge-off rate
Total delinquency rate
Greater than 90-day delinquency rate
Forbearance rate
FFELP Loan Net Interest Margin
The following table includes the “Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin along with reconciliation to the GAAP-basis FFELP Loan net interest margin.
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan yield
Hedged Floor Income
Unhedged Floor Income
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees
Repayment Borrower Benefits
Premium amortization
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net yield
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan cost of funds
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan spread
“Core Earnings” basis other interest-earning asset spread impact
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin(1)
Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment(2)
GAAP-basis FFELP Loan net interest margin(1)
The average balances of our FFELP Loan “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:
Other interest-earning assets
Total FFELP Loan “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets
Represents the reclassification of periodic interest accruals on derivative contracts from net interest income to other income, the reversal of the amortization of premiums received on Floor Income Contracts, and other derivative accounting adjustments. For further discussion of these adjustments, see section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Difference between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” above.
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As of September 30, 2014, our FFELP Loan portfolio totaled approximately $97.7 billion, comprised of $36.8 billion of FFELP Stafford loans and $60.9 billion of FFELP Consolidation Loans. The weighted-average life of these portfolios as of September 30, 2014 was 5 years and 9 years, respectively, assuming a Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) of 4 percent and 3 percent, respectively.
Floor Income
The following table analyzes on a “Core Earnings” basis the ability of the FFELP Loans in our portfolio to earn Floor Income after September 30, 2014 and 2013, based on interest rates as of those dates.
Student loans eligible to earn Floor Income
Less: post-March 31, 2006 disbursed loans required to rebate Floor Income
Less: economically hedged Floor Income Contracts
Student loans earning Floor Income
We have sold Floor Income Contracts to hedge the potential Floor Income from specifically identified pools of FFELP Consolidation Loans that are eligible to earn Floor Income.
The following table presents a projection of the average balance of FFELP Consolidation Loans for which Fixed Rate Floor Income has been economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts for the period October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2016. The hedges related to these loans do not qualify as accounting hedges.
Average balance of FFELP Consolidation Loans whose Floor Income is economically hedged(1)
The remaining projected unamortized net Floor premium balance (pre-tax) related to Floor Income Contracts as of December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is $314 million, $77 million, and $0 million, respectively.
Gains on Sales of Loans and Investments
The decrease in gains on sales of loans and investments from the first nine months of 2013 was the result of $312 million in gains from the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in the year-ago period. There were no similar transactions in the current periods.
We continue to service the student loans in the trusts that were sold under existing agreements. The sales removed securitization trust assets of $12.5 billion and related liabilities of $12.1 billion from the balance sheet during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
Operating Expenses — FFELP Loans
Operating expenses for our FFELP Loans segment primarily include the contractual rates we pay to service loans in term asset-backed securitization trusts or a similar rate if a loan is not in a term financing facility (which is presented as an intercompany charge from the Business Services segment who services the loans), the fees we pay for third-party loan servicing and costs incurred to acquire loans. The intercompany revenue charged by the
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Business Services segment and included in those amounts was $112 million and $122 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $345 million and $408 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These amounts exceed the actual cost of servicing the loans. Operating expenses were 47 basis points and 48 basis points of average FFELP Loans in the quarters ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 48 basis points and 51 basis points of average FFELP Loans in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses from the prior-year quarter was primarily the result of the reduction in the average outstanding balance of our FFELP Loan portfolio.
The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Private Education Loans segment.
Quarterly “Core Earnings” were $98 million compared with $75 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase is primarily the result of a $46 million decrease in the provision for Private Education Loan losses. “Core Earnings” key performance metrics are as follows:
Private Education Loan spread
Loans in repayment greater than 12 months
Cosigner rate
Average FICO
Prior to the Spin-Off, Sallie Mae Bank sold $666 million of loans to Old SLM in the quarter ended March 31, 2014 for (1) securitization transactions at Old SLM and (2) to enable Old SLM to manage loans either granted forbearance or were 90 days or more past due. In the quarter ended March 31, 2014, $29 million of the allowance for loan loss balance was transferred from Sallie Mae Bank to Old SLM. As a result, Old SLM did not need to provide additional provision for loan losses for these loans in the quarter ended March 31, 2014. Had the allowance not transferred from Sallie Mae Bank to Old SLM, the provision would have been $440 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
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Private Education Loan Net Interest Margin
The following table shows the “Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan net interest margin along with reconciliation to the GAAP-basis Private Education Loan net interest margin before provision for loan losses.
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan yield
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan cost of funds
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan spread
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan net interest margin(1)
GAAP basis Private Education Loan net interest margin(1)
The average balances of our Private Education Loan “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:
Total Private Education Loan “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets
Represents the reclassification of periodic interest accruals on derivative contracts from net interest income to other income and other derivative accounting adjustments. For further discussion of these adjustments, see section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Difference between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” above.
Private Education Loan Provision for Loan Losses
In establishing the allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of September 30, 2014, we considered several factors with respect to our Private Education Loan portfolio. In particular, we continue to see improvement in credit quality and continuing positive delinquency and charge-off trends in connection with this portfolio. On a “Core Earnings” basis, total loans delinquent (as a percentage of loans in repayment) have decreased to 7.9 percent from 9.8 percent in the year-ago quarter. Loans greater than 90 days delinquent (as a percentage of loans in repayment) have decreased to 3.4 percent from 4.2 percent in the year-ago quarter. The charge-off rate decreased to 2.3 percent from 2.9 percent in the year-ago quarter. Loans in forbearance (as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance) increased to 4.4 percent from 3.8 percent in the year-ago quarter.
The Private Education Loan provision for loan losses on a “Core Earnings” basis was $130 million in the third quarter of 2014, down $46 million from the third quarter of 2013; and $411 million for the first nine months of 2014, down $159 million from the year-ago period. The decline in both periods was primarily a result of the overall improvement in credit quality and performance trends discussed above, leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.
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Operating Expenses — Private Education Loans Segment
Operating expenses for our Private Education Loans segment include costs incurred to service and collect on our Private Education Loan portfolio. Direct operating expenses as a percentage of revenues (revenues calculated as net interest income after provision plus total other income) were 20 percent and 30 percent in the quarters ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 25 percent and 34 percent in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Business Services segment.
Servicing revenue:
Intercompany loan servicing
Third-party loan servicing
Guarantor servicing
Total servicing revenue
Other Business Services revenue
“Core Earnings” were $85 million in the third quarter of 2014, compared with $127 million in the year-ago quarter. The decrease was the result of lower asset recovery revenue, primarily related to a legislative reduction in certain fees earned, as well as a lower balance of FFELP Loans serviced. Key segment metrics are:
Asset recovery receivables
Number of accounts serviced for ED (in millions)
Total federal loans serviced
Our Business Services segment includes intercompany loan servicing fees from servicing the FFELP Loans in our FFELP Loans segment. The average balance of this portfolio was $98 billion and $106 billion for the quarters ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $101 billion and $115 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decline in the average balance of FFELP Loans outstanding along with the related intercompany loan servicing revenue from the year-ago period is primarily the result of normal amortization of the portfolio, as well as the sale of our Residual Interests in $12 billion of securitized FFELP Loans in the first half of 2013.
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Third-party loan servicing income increased $7 million from the year-ago quarter and $30 million for the first nine months compared with the prior-year period primarily due to the increase in ED servicing revenue (discussed below) as well as a result of the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in 2013. (See “FFELP Loans Segment” for further discussion.) When we sold the Residual Interests, we retained the right to service the trusts. As such, servicing income that had previously been recorded as intercompany loan servicing income is now recognized as third-party loan servicing income.
The Company services student loans for more than 12 million DSLP Loan, FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan customers (including cosigners), including 6.1 million customer accounts under the ED Servicing Contract as of September 30, 2014, compared with 5.7 million customer accounts serviced at September 30, 2013. Third-party loan servicing fees in the quarters ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 included $34 million and $29 million, respectively, of servicing revenue related to the ED Servicing Contract. On June 13, 2014, ED extended its servicing contract with us to service Direct Student Loan Program federal loans for five more years.
Our asset recovery revenue consists of fees we receive for asset recovery of delinquent debt on behalf of third-party clients performed on a contingent basis. Asset recovery revenue decreased $39 million in the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter primarily as a result of the Bipartisan Budget Act (the “Budget Act”) enacted on December 26, 2013 and effective on July 1, 2014, which reduced the amount paid to Guarantor agencies for defaulted FFELP Loans that are rehabilitated. This legislative reduction in fees earned represents $32 million of the $39 million decrease in asset recovery revenue.
Revenues related to services performed on FFELP Loans accounted for 75 percent and 76 percent, respectively, of total segment revenues for the quarters ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, and 76 percent and 78 percent, respectively, of total segment revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
Operating Expenses — Business Services Segment
Operating expenses for our Business Services segment primarily include costs incurred to service our FFELP Loan portfolio, third-party servicing and asset recovery costs, and other operating costs. The increase in operating expenses in the quarter ended September 30, 2014 compared with the year-ago quarter was primarily the result of an increase in our third-party servicing and asset recovery activities.
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The following table includes “Core Earnings” results of our Other segment.
Net interest loss after provision for loan losses
Losses on sales of loans and investments
Overhead expenses:
Corporate overhead
Unallocated information technology costs
Total overhead expenses
Loss before income tax benefit
“Core Earnings” (loss)
Net Interest Loss after Provision for Loan Losses
Net interest loss after provision for loan losses includes net interest loss related to our corporate liquidity portfolio, partially offset by net interest income related to our mortgage and consumer loan portfolios.
Gains on Debt Repurchases
We repurchased $9 million and $0 million face amount of our debt for the quarters ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $14 million and $997 million face amount of our debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Debt repurchase activity will fluctuate based on market fundamentals and our liability management strategy.
Direct Operating Expenses — Other Segment
The primary driver of the increase in direct operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared with the prior-year period was $111 million of additional reserve recorded in first-quarter 2014 for regulatory matters. During the second quarter of 2014, Navient entered into agreements with the DOJ and FDIC to resolve previously reported regulatory matters.
Overhead — Other Segment
Corporate overhead is comprised of costs related to executive management, the board of directors, accounting, finance, legal, human resources and stock-based compensation expense. Unallocated information technology costs are related to infrastructure and operations. The increase in overhead expenses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared with the year-ago periods is primarily due to costs incurred to provide related support to SLM BankCo under various transition services agreements entered into in connection with the Spin-Off as well as stock-based compensation expense in connection with the Spin-Off.
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Financial Condition
This section provides additional information regarding the changes in our loan portfolio assets and related liabilities as well as credit quality and performance indicators related to our loan portfolio.
Average Balance Sheets — GAAP
The following table reflects the rates earned on interest-earning assets and paid on interest-bearing liabilities and reflects our net interest margin on a consolidated basis.
Average Assets
Total interest-earning assets
Non-interest-earning assets
Average Liabilities and Equity
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
Rate/Volume Analysis — GAAP
The following rate/volume analysis shows the relative contribution of changes in interest rates and asset volumes.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 vs. 2013
Interest income
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 vs. 2013
Changes in income and expense due to both rate and volume have been allocated in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each. The changes in income and expense are calculated independently for each line in the table. The totals for the rate and volume columns are not the sum of the individual lines.
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Summary of our Student Loan Portfolio
Ending Student Loan Balances, net — GAAP Basis
Total student loan portfolio:
In-school(1)
Grace, repayment and other(2)
Total, gross
Unamortized premium/(discount)
Receivable for partially charged-off loans
Allowance for loan losses
Total student loan portfolio
% of total FFELP
% of total
Loans for customers still attending school and are not yet required to make payments on the loan.
Includes loans in deferment or forbearance.
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Ending Student Loan Balances, net — “Core Earnings” Basis
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Average Student Loan Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount) — GAAP Basis
% of FFELP
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Average Student Loan Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount) — “Core Earnings” Basis
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Student Loan Activity — GAAP Basis
Acquisitions and originations
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization
Consolidations to third parties
Sales
Repayments and other
Sales(1)
Includes $12.0 billion of student loans in connection with the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts.
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Student Loan Activity — “Core Earnings” Basis
Acquisitions
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FFELP Loan Portfolio Performance
FFELP Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance — GAAP Basis
Loans for customers who may still be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation, as well as loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making payments due to hardship or other factors.
Loans for customers who have used their allowable deferment time or do not qualify for deferment, that need additional time to obtain employment or who have temporarily ceased making payments due to hardship or other factors.
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FFELP Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance — “Core Earnings” Basis
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Allowance for FFELP Loan Losses — GAAP Basis
Allowance at beginning of period
Provision for FFELP Loan losses
Allowance at end of period
Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans, gross
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
Ending total loans, gross
Allowance for FFELP Loan Losses — “Core Earnings” Basis
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Private Education Loans Portfolio Performance
Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance — GAAP Basis
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
Total Private Education Loans, gross
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
Total Private Education Loans
Private Education Loan receivable for partially charged-off loans
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
Loans in repayment greater than 12 months as a percentage of loans in repayment(4)
Percentage of Private Education Loans with a cosigner
Average FICO at origination
Based on number of months in an active repayment status for which a scheduled monthly payment was due.
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Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance — “Core Earnings” Basis
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Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses — GAAP Basis
Provision for Private Education Loan losses
Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans
Average coverage of charge-offs (annualized)
Troubled debt restructuring(4)
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses — “Core Earnings” Basis
Reclassification of interest reserve(2 )
Other transactions
Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. The expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.
Ending total loans represents gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.
Represents the recorded investment of loans classified as troubled debt restructuring.
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The following tables provide the detail for our traditional and non-traditional Private Education Loans for the quarters ended.
GAAP Basis:
Ending total loans(1)
Allowance as a percentage of ending total loan balance
Delinquencies greater than 90 days as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
Loans that entered repayment during theperiod(2)
Ending total loans represent gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.
Includes loans that are required to make a payment for the first time.
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“Core Earnings” Basis:
As part of determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, we review key allowance and loan metrics. The most significant of these metrics considered are the allowance coverage of charge-offs ratio; the allowance as a percentage of total loans and of loans in repayment; and delinquency and forbearance percentages.
At the end of each month, for loans that are 212 days past due, we charge off the estimated loss of a defaulted loan balance. Actual recoveries are applied against the remaining loan balance that was not charged off. We refer to this remaining loan balance as the “receivable for partially charged-off loans.” If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately charged off through the allowance for loan losses with an offsetting reduction in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the cumulative recovery amount exceeds the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered. Private Education Loans which defaulted between 2007 and 2014 for which we have previously charged off estimated losses have, to varying degrees, not met our post-default recovery expectations to date and may continue not to do so. According to our policy, we have been charging off these periodic shortfalls in expected recoveries against our allowance for Private Education Loan losses and the related receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans and we will continue to do so. There was $392 million and $329 million in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses at September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, providing for possible additional future charge-offs related to the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans (see “Private Education Loans Segment — Private Education Loan Provision for Loan Losses” for a further discussion).
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The following table summarizes the activity in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans (GAAP-basis and “Core Earnings”-basis are the same).
Represents the difference between the defaulted loan balance and our estimate of the amount to be collected in the future.
Represents the current period recovery shortfall — the difference between what was expected to be collected and what was actually collected. These amounts are included in total charge-offs as reported in the “Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses” table.
Use of Forbearance as a Private Education Loan Collection Tool
Forbearance involves granting the customer a temporary cessation of payments (or temporary acceptance of smaller than scheduled payments) for a specified period of time. Using forbearance extends the original term of the loan. Forbearance does not grant any reduction in the total repayment obligation (principal or interest). While in forbearance status, interest continues to accrue and is capitalized to principal when the loan re-enters repayment status. Our forbearance policies include limits on the number of forbearance months granted consecutively and the total number of forbearance months granted over the life of the loan. In some instances, we require good-faith payments before granting forbearance. Exceptions to forbearance policies are permitted when such exceptions are judged to increase the likelihood of recovery of the loan. Forbearance as a recovery tool is used most effectively when applied based on a customer’s unique situation, including historical information and judgments. We leverage updated customer information and other decision support tools to best determine who will be granted forbearance based on our expectations as to a customer’s ability and willingness to repay their obligation. This strategy is aimed at mitigating the overall risk of the portfolio as well as encouraging cash resolution of delinquent loans.
Forbearance may be granted to customers who are exiting their grace period to provide additional time to obtain employment and income to support their obligations, or to current customers who are faced with a hardship and request forbearance time to provide temporary payment relief. In these circumstances, a customer’s loan is placed into a forbearance status in limited monthly increments and is reflected in the forbearance status at month-end during this time. At the end of their granted forbearance period, the customer will enter repayment status as current and is expected to begin making their scheduled monthly payments on a go-forward basis.
Forbearance may also be granted to customers who are delinquent in their payments. In these circumstances, the forbearance cures the delinquency and the customer is returned to a current repayment status. In more limited instances, delinquent customers will also be granted additional forbearance time.
The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio aged by number of months in active repayment status (months for which a scheduled monthly payment was due). As indicated in the tables, the percentage of loans that are delinquent greater than 90 days or that are in forbearance status decreases the longer the loans have been in active repayment status.
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At September 30, 2014, loans in forbearance status as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance were 11.1 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for less than 25 months. The percentage drops to 1.6 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for more than 48 months. Approximately 60 percent of our Private Education Loans in forbearance status has been in active repayment status less than 25 months.
At September 30, 2014, loans in repayment that are delinquent greater than 90 days as a percentage of loans in repayment were 6.6 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for less than 25 months. The percentage drops to 1.8 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for more than 48 months. Approximately 43 percent of our Private Education Loans in repayment that are delinquent greater than 90 days status has been in active repayment status less than 25 months.
Loans in-school/grace/deferment
Loans in forbearance
Loans in repayment — current
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days
Unamortized discount
Total Private Education Loans, net
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days as a percentage of loans in repayment
September 30, 2013
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Private Education Loan Repayment Options
Certain loan programs allow customers to select from a variety of repayment options depending on their loan type and their enrollment/loan status, which include the ability to extend their repayment term or change their monthly payment. The chart below provides the optional repayment offerings in addition to the standard level principal and interest payments as of September 30, 2014.
Loan Program
Signature andOther
Smart Option
CareerTraining
$ in repayment
$ in total
Payment method by enrollment status:
In-school/grace
Deferred(1),
interest-only or fixed
$25/month
Interest-only or fixed
Repayment
Level principal and
interest or graduated
interest
“Deferred” includes loans for which no payments are required and interest charges are capitalized into the loan balance.
The graduated repayment program that is part of Signature and Other Loans includes an interest-only payment feature that may be selected at the option of the customer. Customers elect to participate in this program at the time they enter repayment following their grace period. This program is available to customers in repayment, after their grace period, who would like a temporary lower payment from the required principal and interest payment amount. Customers participating in this program pay monthly interest with no amortization of their principal balance for up to 48 payments after entering repayment (dependent on the loan product type). The maturity date of the loan is not extended when a customer participates in this program. On a “Core Earnings” basis, as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, customers in repayment owing approximately $3.5 billion (13 percent of loans in repayment) and $5.0 billion (18 percent of loans in repayment), respectively, were enrolled in the interest-only program. Of these amounts, 8 percent and 9 percent were non-traditional loans as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The following tables provide information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The tables also disclose the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due portfolio for all periods presented.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Funding and Liquidity Risk Management
The following “Liquidity and Capital Resources” discussion concentrates on our FFELP Loans and Private Education Loans segments. Our Business Services and Other segments require minimal capital and funding. As part of the Spin-Off, Navient neither originates Private Education Loans nor maintains bank deposits. As a result, Navient no longer has liquidity risks associated with the origination of Private Education Loans and the maintenance of bank deposits.
We define liquidity risk as the potential inability to meet our obligations when they become due without incurring unacceptable losses, such as the ability to fund liability maturities or invest in future asset growth and business operations at reasonable market rates. Our two primary liquidity needs include our ongoing ability to meet our funding needs for our businesses throughout market cycles, including during periods of financial stress, and servicing our indebtedness. To achieve these objectives, we analyze and monitor our liquidity needs, maintain excess liquidity and access diverse funding sources including the issuance of unsecured debt and the issuance of secured debt primarily through asset-backed securitizations and/or other financing facilities.
We define liquidity as cash and high-quality liquid securities that we can use to meet our funding requirements. Our primary liquidity risk relates to our ability to raise replacement funding at a reasonable cost as our unsecured debt matures. In addition, we must continue to obtain funding at reasonable rates to meet our other business obligations and to continue to grow our business. This ability to access the capital markets may be affected by our credit ratings, as well as the overall availability of funding sources in the marketplace. In addition, credit ratings may be important to customers or counterparties when we compete in certain markets and when we seek to engage in certain transactions, including over-the-counter derivatives.
Credit ratings and outlooks are opinions subject to ongoing review by the ratings agencies and may change, from time to time, based on our financial performance, industry dynamics and other factors. Other factors that influence our credit ratings include the ratings agencies’ assessment of the general operating environment, our relative positions in the markets in which we compete, reputation, liquidity position, the level and volatility of earnings, corporate governance and risk management policies, capital position and capital management practices. A negative change in our credit rating could have a negative effect on our liquidity because it might raise the cost and availability of funding and potentially require additional cash collateral or restrict cash currently held as collateral on existing borrowings or derivative collateral arrangements. It is our objective to improve our credit ratings so that we can continue to efficiently access the capital markets even in difficult economic and market conditions.
We have unsecured debt that totaled, as of September 30, 2014, approximately $17.4 billion. On April 30, 2014, three rating agencies took negative ratings actions with regard to our long-term unsecured debt ratings. Fitch lowered its rating one notch to BB and changed its rating outlook to stable. Moody’s lowered its rating two notches to Ba3 and changed its rating outlook to stable. S&P lowered its rating two notches to BB and changed its rating outlook to stable. As a result of S&P’s action, all three credit rating agencies now rate our long-term unsecured debt at below investment grade. These ratings could result in higher cost of funds, and our senior unsecured debt to trade with greater volatility.
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The negative actions taken by the credit rating agencies were based on concerns that the Spin-Off will have a negative impact on the holders of our senior unsecured debt. According to their ratings reports, these concerns primarily focus on Navient’s loss of access to the earnings, cash flow, equity and potential market value of Sallie Mae Bank, the run-off of the FFELP Loan portfolio and the growth of other fee businesses to replace the earnings that are in run-off, refinancing risk, and the potential for new and more onerous rules and regulations.
We expect to fund our ongoing liquidity needs, including the repayment of $1.9 billion of senior unsecured notes that mature in the next twelve months, primarily through our current cash and investment portfolio, the predictable operating cash flows provided by earnings, the repayment of principal on unencumbered student loan assets, the distributions from our securitization trusts (including servicing fees which are priority payments within the trusts) and the issuance of additional unsecured debt. We may also draw down on our secured FFELP and Private Education facilities or issue term ABS.
While we no longer originate Private Education Loans or FFELP Loans and therefore no longer have liquidity requirements for new originations, we will continue to opportunistically purchase Private Education Loan and FFELP Loan portfolios from others.
Sources of Liquidity and Available Capacity
Ending Balances
Sources of primary liquidity:
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments
Unencumbered FFELP Loans
Total “Core Earnings” basis
SLM BankCo(1)
Total GAAP basis
As of December 31, 2013, includes $2.3 billion of cash and $1.4 billion of FFELP Loans.
Average Balances
For the three months ended September 30, 2013, includes $1.4 billion of cash and $1.1 billion of FFELP Loans, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, includes $690 million and $1.4 billion of cash, respectively, and $616 million and $1.1 billion of FFELP Loans, respectively.
Liquidity may also be available under secured credit facilities to the extent we have eligible collateral and capacity available. Maximum borrowing capacity under the FFELP Loan — other facilities will vary and be subject to each agreement’s borrowing conditions, including, among others, facility size, current usage and availability of qualifying collateral from unencumbered FFELP Loans. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $11.0 billion and $11.2 billion, respectively. For the
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three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the average maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $10.8 billion and $11.4 billion, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the average maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $11.6 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively.
In addition to the FFELP Loan — other facilities, liquidity may also be available from our Private Education Loan ABCP facility. This facility provides liquidity for Private Education Loan acquisitions and for the refinancing of loans presently on our balance sheet or in other short–term facilities. The maximum capacity under this facility is $1 billion. At September 30, 2014, the available capacity under this facility was $263 million. It matures in June 2015.
We also hold a number of other unencumbered assets, consisting primarily of Private Education Loans and other assets. Total unencumbered student loans comprised $7.2 billion of our unencumbered assets of which $5.5 billion and $1.7 billion related to Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans, respectively. At September 30, 2014, we had a total of $12.9 billion of unencumbered assets inclusive of those described above as sources of primary liquidity and exclusive of goodwill and acquired intangible assets.
For further discussion of our various sources of liquidity, our continued access to the ABS market, our asset-backed financing facilities, and our issuance of unsecured debt, see “Note 6 — Borrowings” in our Form 10.
The following table reconciles encumbered and unencumbered assets and their net impact on GAAP total tangible equity.
Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities (encumbered assets) — FFELP Loans
Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities (encumbered assets) — Private Education Loans
Tangible unencumbered assets(1)
Mark-to-market on unsecured hedged debt(2)
Other liabilities, net
Total tangible equity — GAAP Basis
Excludes goodwill and acquired intangible assets.
At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there were $654 million billion and $612 million, respectively, of net gains on derivatives hedging this debt in unencumbered assets, which partially offset these losses.
The $1.4 billion decrease in total tangible equity from December 31, 2013 to September 30, 2014 is primarily the result of the deemed distribution of the $1.7 billion of consumer banking business net assets on April 30, 2014.
Financing Transactions during the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
The following financing transactions have taken place in the first nine months of 2014:
Unsecured Financings:
March 27, 2014 — issued $850 million senior unsecured bonds.
FFELP Loan Financings:
January 28, 2014 — issued $994 million FFELP Loan ABS.
March 27, 2014 — issued $992 million FFELP Loan ABS.
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May 29, 2014 — issued $747 million FFELP Loan ABS.
August 14, 2014 — issued $1.3 billion FFELP Loan ABS.
Private Education Loan Financings:
March 6, 2014 — issued $676 million Private Education Loan ABS.
July 24, 2014 — issued $463 million Private Education Loan ABS.
FFELP ABCP Facility:
On January 10, 2014, we closed on a new $8 billion ABCP facility that matures in January 2016. This facility replaces an existing $5.5 billion FFELP ABCP facility which was retired in January 2014. The additional $2.5 billion will be available for FFELP acquisition or refinancing. The maximum amount that can be financed steps down to $7 billion in March 2015.
Private Education Loan Facility:
In June 2014, Navient closed a new $1.0 billion Private Education Loan ABCP facility. This facility, which matures in June 2015, will be available for Private Education Loan refinancing and acquisitions.
Shareholder Distributions
In May 2014, we authorized $400 million to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program that does not have an expiration date. We repurchased 9.5 million shares of common stock for $167 million in the third quarter of 2014. As of September 30, 2014, $168 million of share repurchase authority remains under our authorized share repurchase program.
Recent Fourth-Quarter 2014 Transactions
October 23, 2014 — issued $664 million Private Education Loan ABS.
Counterparty Exposure
Counterparty exposure related to financial instruments arises from the risk that a lending, investment or derivative counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations to us. Risks associated with our lending portfolio are discussed in the section titled “Financial Condition — FFELP Loans Portfolio Performance” and “— Private Education Loans Portfolio Performance.”
Our investment portfolio is composed of very short-term securities issued by a diversified group of highly rated issuers, limiting our counterparty exposure. Additionally, our investing activity is governed by Board of Director approved limits on the amount that is allowed to be invested with any one issuer based on the credit rating of the issuer, further minimizing our counterparty exposure. Counterparty credit risk is considered when valuing investments and considering impairment.
Related to derivative transactions, protection against counterparty risk is generally provided by International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) Credit Support Annexes (“CSAs”). CSAs require a counterparty to post collateral if a potential default would expose the other party to a loss. All corporate derivative contracts entered into by Navient are covered under such agreements and require collateral to be exchanged based on the net fair value of derivatives with each counterparty. Our securitization trusts require collateral in all cases if the counterparty’s credit rating is withdrawn or downgraded below a certain level.
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Additionally, securitizations involving foreign currency notes issued after November 2005 also require the counterparty to post collateral to the trust based on the fair value of the derivative, regardless of credit rating. The trusts are not required to post collateral to the counterparties. In all cases, our exposure is limited to the value of the derivative contracts in a gain position net of any collateral we are holding. We consider counterparties’ credit risk when determining the fair value of derivative positions on our exposure net of collateral.
We have liquidity exposure related to collateral movements between us and our derivative counterparties. Movements in the value of the derivatives, which are primarily affected by changes in interest rate and foreign exchange rates, may require us to return cash collateral held or may require us to access primary liquidity to post collateral to counterparties.
The table below highlights exposure related to our derivative counterparties at September 30, 2014.
Exposure, net of collateral(1)
Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings below S&P AA- or Moody’s Aa3
Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings below S&P A- or Moody’s A3
Our securitization trusts had total net exposure of $294 million related to financial institutions located in France; of this amount, $271 million carries a guaranty from the French government. The total exposure relates to $5.0 billion notional amount of cross-currency interest rate swaps held in our securitization trusts, of which $3.2 billion notional amount carries a guaranty from the French government. Counterparties to the cross currency interest rate swaps are required to post collateral when their credit rating is withdrawn or downgraded below a certain level. As of September 30, 2014, no collateral was required to be posted and we are not holding any collateral related to these contracts. Adjustments are made to our derivative valuations for counterparty credit risk. The adjustments made at September 30, 2014 related to derivatives with French financial institutions (including those that carry a guaranty from the French government) decreased the derivative asset value by $26 million. Credit risks for all derivative counterparties are assessed internally on a continual basis.
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“Core Earnings” Basis Borrowings
The following tables present the ending balances of our “Core Earnings” basis borrowings at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and average balances and average interest rates of our “Core Earnings” basis borrowings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. The average interest rates include derivatives that are economically hedging the underlying debt but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. (See “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP — Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” of this Item 2).
“Core Earnings” balances
Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment
GAAP balances
Secured borrowings comprised 86 percent and 86 percent of our “Core Earnings” basis debt outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
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“Core Earnings” average balance and rate
GAAP basis average balance and rate
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations addresses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. A discussion of our critical accounting policies, which include allowance for loan losses, premium and discount amortization related to our loan portfolio, fair value measurement, transfers of financial assets and the VIE consolidation model, derivative accounting and goodwill and intangible assets can be found in our Form 10. There were no significant changes to these critical accounting policies during the first nine months of 2014.
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Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis
Our interest rate risk management seeks to limit the impact of short-term movements in interest rates on our results of operations and financial position. The following tables summarize the potential effect on earnings over the next 12 months and the potential effect on fair values of balance sheet assets and liabilities at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by management assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding spreads remain constant. Additionally, as it relates to the effect on earnings, a sensitivity analysis was performed assuming the funding index increases 25 basis points while holding the asset index constant, if the funding index is different than the asset index. The earnings sensitivity is applied only to financial assets and liabilities, including hedging instruments that existed at the balance sheet date and does not take into account new assets, liabilities or hedging instruments that may arise over the next 12 months.
(Dollars in millions, except
per share amounts)
Effect on Earnings:
Change in pre-tax net income before unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities
Increase in net income before taxes
Increase in diluted earnings per common share
If an asset is not funded with the same index/frequency reset of the asset then it is assumed the funding index increases 25 basis points while holding the asset index constant.
Effect on Fair Values:
Other earning assets
Total assets gain/(loss)
Total liabilities (gain)/loss
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A primary objective in our funding is to minimize our sensitivity to changing interest rates by generally funding our floating rate student loan portfolio with floating rate debt. However, due to the ability of some FFELP loans to earn Floor Income, we can have a fixed versus floating mismatch in funding if the student loan earns at the fixed borrower rate and the funding remains floating. In addition, we can have a mismatch in the index (including the frequency of reset) of floating rate debt versus floating rate assets.
During the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, certain FFELP Loans were earning Floor Income and we locked in a portion of that Floor Income through the use of Floor Income Contracts. The result of these hedging transactions was to convert a portion of the fixed rate nature of student loans to variable rate, and to fix the relative spread between the student loan asset rate and the variable rate liability.
In the preceding tables, under the scenario where interest rates increase 100 and 300 basis points, the change in pre-tax net income before the unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities is primarily due to the impact of (i) our unhedged loans being in a fixed-rate mode due to Floor Income, while being funded with variable debt in low interest rate environments; and (ii) a portion of our variable assets being funded with fixed rate liabilities and equity. Item (i) will generally cause income to decrease when interest rates increase from a low interest rate environment, whereas item (ii) will generally offset this decrease.
Under the scenario in the tables above labeled “Impact on Annual Earnings If: Funding Indices Increase 25 Basis Points,” the main driver of the decrease in pre-tax income before unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities in both the September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013 analyses is primarily the result of one-month LIBOR-indexed FFELP Loans being funded with three-month LIBOR and other non-discrete indexed liabilities. See “Asset and Liability Funding Gap” of this Item 7A. for a further discussion. Increasing the spread between indices will also impact the unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities as it relates to basis swaps that hedge the mismatch between the asset and funding indices.
In addition to interest rate risk addressed in the preceding tables, we are also exposed to risks related to foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign currency exchange risk is primarily the result of foreign currency denominated debt issued by us. When we issue foreign denominated corporate unsecured and securitization debt, our policy is to use cross currency interest rate swaps to swap all foreign currency denominated debt payments (fixed and floating) to U.S. dollar LIBOR using a fixed exchange rate. In the tables above, there would be an immaterial impact on earnings if exchange rates were to decrease or increase, due to the terms of the hedging instrument and hedged items matching. The balance sheet interest bearing liabilities would be affected by a
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change in exchange rates; however, the change would be materially offset by the cross currency interest rate swaps in other assets or other liabilities. In the current economic environment, volatility in the spread between spot and forward foreign exchange rates has resulted in material mark-to-market impacts to current-period earnings which have not been factored into the above analysis. The earnings impact is noncash, and at maturity of the instruments the cumulative mark-to-market impact will be zero.
Asset and Liability Funding Gap
The tables below present our assets and liabilities (funding) arranged by underlying indices as of September 30, 2014. In the following GAAP presentation, the funding gap only includes derivatives that qualify as effective hedges (those derivatives which are reflected in net interest margin, as opposed to those reflected in the “gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net” line on the consolidated statements of income). The difference between the asset and the funding is the funding gap for the specified index. This represents our exposure to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices may reset at different frequencies or may not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude.
Management analyzes interest rate risk and in doing so includes all derivatives that are economically hedging our debt whether they qualify as effective hedges or not (“Core Earnings” basis). Accordingly, we are also presenting the asset and liability funding gap on a “Core Earnings” basis in the table that follows the GAAP presentation.
Index
3-month Treasury bill
Prime
PLUS Index
3-month LIBOR
1-month LIBOR
1-month LIBOR daily
CMT/CPI Index
Non-Discrete reset(3)
Non-Discrete reset(4)
Fixed Rate(5)
FFELP Loans of $43.3 billion ($39.3 billion LIBOR index and $4.0 billion Treasury bill index) are currently earning a fixed rate of interest as a result of the low interest rate environment.
Funding (by index) includes all derivatives that qualify as hedges.
Funding consists of auction rate ABS and FFELP and Private Education Loan — other facilities.
Assets include restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments. Funding includes the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivatives exposures.
Assets include receivables and other assets (including goodwill and acquired intangibles). Funding includes other liabilities and stockholders’ equity.
The “Funding Gaps” in the above table are primarily interest rate mismatches in short-term indices between our assets and liabilities. We address this issue typically through the use of basis swaps that typically convert
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quarterly reset three-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices. These basis swaps do not qualify as effective hedges and as a result the effect on the funding index is not included in our interest margin and is therefore excluded from the GAAP presentation.
FFELP Loans of 16.1 billion ($14.4 billion LIBOR index and $1.7 billion Treasury bill index) are currently earning a fixed rate of interest as a result of the low interest rate environment.
Funding (by index) includes all derivatives that management considers economic hedges of interest rate risk and reflects how we internally manage our interest rate exposure.
We use interest rate swaps and other derivatives to achieve our risk management objectives. Our asset liability management strategy is to match assets with debt (in combination with derivatives) that have the same underlying index and reset frequency or, when economical, have interest rate characteristics that we believe are highly correlated. The use of funding with index types and reset frequencies that are different from our assets exposes us to interest rate risk in the form of basis and repricing risk. This could result in our cost of funds not moving in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the yield on our assets. While we believe this risk is low, as all of these indices are short-term with rate movements that are highly correlated over a long period of time, market disruptions (which have occurred in recent years) can lead to a temporary divergence between indices resulting in a negative impact to our earnings.
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Weighted Average Life
The following table reflects the weighted average life of our GAAP and “Core Earning” assets and liabilities at September 30, 2014.
(Averages in Years)
Borrowings
Total borrowings
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive and principal financial officers, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2014. Based on this evaluation, our chief principal executive and principal financial officers concluded that, as of September 30, 2014, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief principal executive and principal financial officers as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2014 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
We and our subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. We believe that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Most of these matters are claims against our servicing and asset recovery subsidiaries by borrowers and debtors alleging the violation of state or federal laws in connection with servicing or asset recovery activities on their student loans and other debts. In addition, our asset recovery subsidiaries are routinely named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that those subsidiaries have violated a federal or state law in the process of collecting their accounts.
For a description of these items and other litigation to which we are a party, please see our Form 10.
Tina Ubaldi v. SLM Corporation
On March 18, 2011, a student loan borrower filed a putative class action complaint against Old SLM (now known as Navient, LLC) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint is captioned Tina M. Ubaldi v. SLM Corporation et. al., Case No. C-11-01320EDL. The plaintiff purports to bring the complaint on behalf of a class consisting of other similarly situated California borrowers. The complaint alleges, among other things, that Old SLM’s practice of charging late fees proportional to the amount of missed payments constituted liquidated damages in violation of California law; and Old SLM engaged in unfair business practices by charging daily interest on private educational loans. Following motion practice and additional amendments to the complaint, which added usury claims under California state law and two additional defendants (Sallie Mae, Inc., now known as Navient Solutions, Inc. (“NSI”), and SLM PC Student Loan Trust 2004-A), the operative complaint (Modified Third Amended Complaint) was filed on December 2, 2013. Plaintiffs filed their Motion for Class Certification on October 22, 2013. On March 24, 2014, the Court denied plantiffs’ Motion for Class Certification without prejudice, but granted plantiffs leave to file an amended Motion for Class Certification. On June 20, 2014, a Complaint in Intervention was filed on behalf of two additional customers representing a proposed usury sub-class. On June 23, 2014, Plaintiffs filed a Renewed Motion for Class Certification, which was held on October 14, 2014. Plaintiffs seek restitution of late charges and interest paid by members of the class, injunctive relief, cancellation of all future interest payments, treble damages as permitted by law, as well as costs and attorneys’ fees, among other relief. Prior to the formation of Sallie Mae Bank in 2005, Old SLM followed prevalent capital market practices of acquiring and securitizing private education loans purchased in secondary transactions from banks who originated these loans. Plaintiffs allege that the services provided by Old SLM and Sallie Mae, Inc. to the originating banks resulted in Old SLM and Sallie Mae, Inc. constituting lenders on these loans. Since 2006, Sallie Mae Bank originated the vast majority of all private education loans acquired by Old SLM. The claims at issue in this case expressly exclude loans originated by Sallie Mae Bank since its inception. Named defendants are subsidiaries of Navient and as such the Ubaldi litigation will remain the sole responsibility of Navient Corporation. It is not possible at this time to estimate a range of potential exposure, if any, for amounts that may be payable in connection therewith.
Regulatory Matters
On May 2, 2014, NSI, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Navient, and Sallie Mae Bank entered into consent orders with the FDIC (respectively, the “NSI Order” and the “Bank Order”; collectively, “the FDIC Orders”) to resolve previously disclosed matters related to certain cited violations of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, including the disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as alleged violations under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”). The FDIC Orders, which became effective upon the signing of the consent order with the DOJ by Navient and SLM BankCo on May 13, 2014, required NSI to pay $3.3 million in civil monetary penalties. NSI has paid its civil monetary penalties. In addition, the FDIC Orders
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required the establishment of a restitution reserve account totaling $30 million to provide restitution with respect to loans owned or originated by Sallie Mae Bank, from November 28, 2005 until the effective date of the FDIC Orders. Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, Navient is responsible for funding the restitution reserve account. We funded the account in May 2014.
The NSI Order requires NSI to ensure proper servicing for service members and proper application of SCRA benefits under a revised and broader definition of eligibility than previously required by the statute and regulatory guidance and to make changes to billing statements and late fee practices. These changes to billing statements have already been implemented. In order to treat all customers in a similar manner, NSI expects to voluntarily make restitution of certain late fees to all other customers whose loans were neither owned nor originated by Sallie Mae Bank on the same basis and in the same manner as that which would be required by the FDIC. These refunds are estimated at $42 million.
NSI has also received Civil Investigative Demands (“CIDs”) from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) as part of the CFPB’s separate investigation regarding allegations relating to Navient’s disclosures and assessment of late fees and other matters. Navient has been in discussions with the CFPB relating to these matters and is cooperating with the investigation. We are not in a position at this time to predict the duration or the outcome of this investigation and reserves have not been established for this matter.
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There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10.
Share Repurchases
The following table provides information relating to our purchase of shares of our common stock in the three months ended September 30, 2014.
Period:
July 1 — July 31, 2014
August 1 — August 31, 2014
September 1 — September 30, 2014
Total third-quarter 2014
The total number of shares purchased includes: (i) shares purchased under the stock repurchase program discussed below, and (ii) shares of our common stock tendered to us to satisfy the exercise price in connection with cashless exercise of stock options, and tax withholding obligations in connection with exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units.
In May 2014, our board of directors authorized us to purchase up to $400 million of shares of our common stock.
The closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on September 30, 2014 was $17.71.
Nothing to report.
Stockholder Proposals
We intend to hold our first Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) on May 21, 2015, at a time and location to be determined and specified in our proxy statement related to the Annual Meeting.
Under the SEC’s proxy rules, we have set the deadline for submission of proposals to be included in our proxy materials for the Annual Meeting as January 1, 2015. Accordingly, in order for a stockholder proposal to be considered for inclusion in our proxy materials for the Annual Meeting, the proposal must be received by the Corporate Secretary, Navient Corporation, 300 Continental Drive, Newark, Delaware 19713, on or before January 1, 2015, and comply with the procedures and requirements set forth in Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
In accordance with the advance notice requirements contained in our amended and restated bylaws, for director nominations or other business to be brought before the Annual Meeting by a stockholder, other than Rule 14a-8 proposals described above, written notice must be delivered no earlier than the close of business on January 21, 2015, and no later than the close of business on February 20, 2015, to our new corporate headquarters address, which will be effective on or about January 15, 2015: Corporate Secretary, Navient Corporation, 123 Justison Street, Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. These stockholder notices must also comply with the requirements of our amended and restated bylaws and will not be effective otherwise.
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The following exhibits are furnished or filed, as applicable:
The Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 16, 2014, between Navient Corporation and Navient, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Navient Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2014).
Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant)
Somsak Chivavibul
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: October 30, 2014
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