UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-36663
NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Maryland
47-1881359
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
300 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
75201
(Zip Code)
(214) 276-6300
(Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
NXRT
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
Accelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated Filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 27, 2023, the registrant had 25,657,723 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.
NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC.
Form 10-Q
Quarter Ended March 31, 2023
INDEX
Page
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
ii
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2022
1
Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
2
Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
3
Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
4
Notes to Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements
6
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
29
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
46
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
47
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Legal Proceedings
48
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5.
Other Information
Item 6.
Exhibits
49
Signatures
50
i
This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements relating to our liquidity and capital resources, the performance of our properties and results of operations contain forward-looking statements. Furthermore, all of the statements regarding future financial performance (including market conditions and demographics) are forward-looking statements. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this quarterly report are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “result” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.
Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.
Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, liquidity or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
•
unfavorable changes in market and economic conditions in the United States and globally and in the specific markets where our properties are located;
macroeconomic trends including inflation and rising interest rates may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations;
risks associated with ownership of real estate;
limited ability to dispose of assets because of the relative illiquidity of real estate investments;
our multifamily properties are concentrated in certain geographic markets in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States, which makes us more susceptible to adverse developments in those markets;
increased risks associated with our strategy of acquiring value-enhancement multifamily properties rather than more conservative investment strategies;
failure to succeed in new markets may have adverse consequences on our performance;
potential reforms to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”);
competition could limit our ability to acquire attractive investment opportunities, which could adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth;
competition and any increased affordability of residential homes could limit our ability to lease our apartments or increase or maintain rents;
the relatively low residential mortgage rates may result in potential renters purchasing residences rather than leasing them, and as a result, cause a decline in our occupancy rates;
the risk that we may fail to consummate future property acquisitions;
failure of acquisitions to yield anticipated results;
risks associated with increases in interest rates and our ability to issue additional debt or equity securities in the future;
risks associated with selling apartment communities, which could limit our operational and financial flexibility;
contingent or unknown liabilities related to properties or businesses that we have acquired or may acquire;
lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance;
the risk that our environmental assessments may not identify all potential environmental liabilities and our remediation actions may be insufficient;
high costs associated with the investigation or remediation of environmental contamination, including asbestos, lead-based paint, chemical vapor, subsurface contamination and mold growth;
high costs associated with the compliance with various accessibility, environmental, building and health and safety laws and regulations, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Fair Housing Act;
risks associated with limited warranties we may obtain when purchasing properties;
exposure to decreases in market rents due to our short-term leases;
risks associated with operating through joint ventures and funds;
our dependence on information systems;
risks associated with breaches of our data security;
costs associated with being a public company, including compliance with securities laws;
the risk that our business could be adversely impacted if there are deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting;
risks associated with our substantial current indebtedness and indebtedness we may incur in the future;
risks associated with derivatives or hedging activity;
risks associated with representations and warranties made by us in connection with sales of our properties may subject us to liability that could result in losses and could harm our operating results and, therefore, distributions we make to our stockholders;
loss of key personnel of NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (our “Sponsor”), NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (our “Adviser”) and our property manager;
the risk that we may not replicate the historical results achieved by other entities managed or sponsored by affiliates of our Adviser, members of our Adviser’s management team or by our Sponsor or its affiliates;
risks associated with our Adviser’s ability to terminate the Advisory Agreement (as defined below);
our ability to change our major policies, operations and targeted investments without stockholder consent;
the substantial fees and expenses we pay to our Adviser and its affiliates;
risks associated with any potential internalization of our management functions;
conflicts of interest and competing demands for time faced by our Adviser, our Sponsor and their officers and employees;
the risk that we may compete with other entities affiliated with our Sponsor or property manager for properties and tenants;
failure to maintain our status as a REIT;
failure of our operating partnership to be taxable as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, possibly causing us to fail to qualify for or to maintain REIT status;
compliance with REIT requirements, which may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities, liquidate certain of our investments or incur tax liabilities;
risks associated with our ownership of interests in taxable REIT subsidiaries;
the recognition of taxable gains from the sale of properties as a result of the inability to complete certain like-kind exchanges in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”);
the risk that the Internal Revenue Service may consider certain sales of properties to be prohibited transactions, resulting in a 100% penalty tax on any taxable gain;
the ineligibility of dividends payable by REITs for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends;
risks associated with the stock ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the stock ownership limit imposed by our charter;
the ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval;
recent and potential legislative or regulatory tax changes or other actions affecting REITs;
risks associated with the market for our common stock and the general volatility of the capital and credit markets;
failure to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness or pay distributions at expected levels;
risks associated with limitations of liability for and our indemnification of our directors and officers;
the risk that legal proceedings we become involved in from time to time could adversely affect our business;
the risk that acts of violence could decrease the value of our assets and have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations;
iii
risks associated with the Highland Capital Management, L.P. (“Highland”) bankruptcy, including related litigation and potential conflicts of interest; and
any other risks included under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2023 or under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. They are based on estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this quarterly report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes, except as required by law.
iv
NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
March 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Operating Real Estate Investments
Land
$
378,417
378,438
Buildings and improvements
1,764,796
1,760,782
Construction in progress
13,174
10,622
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
162,048
152,529
Total Gross Operating Real Estate Investments
2,318,435
2,302,371
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(372,378
)
(349,276
Total Net Operating Real Estate Investments
1,946,057
1,953,095
Real estate held for sale, net of accumulated depreciation of $22,017 and $22,017, respectively
89,848
89,457
Total Net Real Estate Investments
2,035,905
2,042,552
Cash and cash equivalents
14,142
16,762
Restricted cash
32,933
35,037
Accounts receivable, net
18,522
17,121
Prepaid and other assets
8,113
10,425
Fair value of interest rate swaps
86,234
103,440
TOTAL ASSETS
2,195,849
2,225,337
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgages payable, net
1,541,531
1,526,828
Mortgages payable held for sale, net
68,040
68,016
Credit facility, net
55,419
72,644
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
13,722
12,325
Accrued real estate taxes payable
8,655
7,232
Accrued interest payable
9,049
7,946
Security deposit liability
3,202
3,200
Prepaid rents
2,140
1,849
Total Liabilities
1,701,758
1,700,040
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
6,058
5,631
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued
—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 500,000,000 shares authorized; 25,657,723 and 25,549,319 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
256
255
Additional paid-in capital
405,847
405,376
Accumulated earnings (loss) less dividends
(3,084
11,880
Accumulated other comprehensive income
85,014
102,155
Total Stockholders' Equity
488,033
519,666
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2023
2022
Revenues
Rental income
67,537
59,297
Other income
1,690
1,489
Total revenues
69,227
60,786
Expenses
Property operating expenses
13,266
13,596
Real estate taxes and insurance
10,020
8,720
Property management fees (1)
2,027
1,757
Advisory and administrative fees (2)
1,889
1,843
Corporate general and administrative expenses
3,367
3,486
Property general and administrative expenses
2,270
2,006
Depreciation and amortization
23,266
23,718
Total expenses
56,105
55,126
Operating income
13,122
5,660
Interest expense
(16,739
(10,636
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt and modification costs
122
Casualty gain (loss)
(814
128
Miscellaneous income
411
181
Net loss
(3,898
(4,667
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(15
(14
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
(3,883
(4,653
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate derivatives
(17,206
54,579
Total comprehensive income (loss)
(21,104
49,912
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(80
150
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
(21,024
49,762
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic
25,599
25,620
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted
Loss per share - basic
(0.15
(0.18
Loss per share - diluted
(1)
Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the Company’s Operating Partnership (see Note 9).
(2)
Fees incurred to the Adviser (see Note 10).
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(dollars in thousands)
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Additional
Accumulated
Earnings (Loss)
Accumulated Other
Number of
Shares
Par Value
Paid-in
Capital
Less
Dividends
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Balances, December 31, 2022
25,549,319
Vesting of stock-based compensation
108,404
471
472
Common stock dividends declared ($0.42 per share)
(10,940
Other comprehensive loss
(17,141
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(141
Balances, March 31, 2023
25,657,723
Balances, December 31, 2021
25,500,567
407,803
59,209
2,578
469,845
147,532
(881
(880
Issuance of common stock through at-the-market offering
52,091
4,137
4,138
Common stock dividends declared ($0.38 per share)
(9,976
Other comprehensive income
54,415
(334
Balances, March 31, 2022
25,700,190
257
411,059
44,246
56,993
512,555
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization/write-off of deferred financing costs
645
565
Change in fair value on derivative instruments included in interest expense
(9,175
2,384
Net cash received (paid) on derivative settlements
9,871
(3,646
Amortization/write-off of fair value adjustment of assumed debt
(27
(50
Provision for bad debts, net
2,325
1,248
1,966
1,877
202
94
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Operating assets
(1,425
(6,413
Operating liabilities
4,173
(6,428
Net cash provided by operating activities
27,923
8,682
Cash flows from investing activities
Prepaid acquisition deposits
(1,615
Insurance proceeds received from casualty losses
1,494
273
Additions to real estate investments
(17,999
(9,120
Net cash used in investing activities
(16,505
(10,462
Cash flows from financing activities
Mortgage proceeds received
42,788
Mortgage payments
(28,181
(381
Credit facilities proceeds received
55,000
Credit facilities payments
(17,500
Deferred financing costs received (paid)
61
(415
Interest rate cap fees paid
(215
(10
Prepayment penalties on extinguished debt
(285
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock through at-the-market offering, net of offering costs
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of stock-based compensation
(1,494
(2,757
Dividends paid to common stockholders
(11,267
(10,367
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership
(49
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(16,142
45,208
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(4,724
43,428
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
51,799
88,696
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
47,075
132,124
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid
24,071
7,442
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Activities
Issuance of operating partnership units for purchase of noncontrolling interests
415
Capitalized construction costs included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
5,091
2,846
Change in fair value on derivative instruments designated as hedges
Decrease in dividends payable upon vesting of restricted stock units
(327
(391
Write-off of assets due to casualty losses
1,751
1,904
Write-off of fully amortized in-place leases
1,200
Write-off of deferred financing costs
38
5
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Description of Business
NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “our”) was incorporated in Maryland on September 19, 2014, and has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The Company is focused on “value-add” multifamily investments primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “OP”), the Company’s operating partnership. The Company owns its properties (the “Portfolio”) through the OP and its wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). The OP owns approximately 99.9% of the Portfolio; the TRS owns approximately 0.1% of the Portfolio. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership GP, LLC (the “OP GP”), is the sole general partner of the OP. As of March 31, 2023, there were 26,055,458 common units in the OP (“OP Units”) outstanding, of which 25,951,154, or 99.6%, were owned by the Company and 104,304, or 0.4%, were owned by a noncontrolling limited partner (see Note 9).
The Company is externally managed by NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (the “Adviser”), through an agreement dated March 16, 2015, as amended, and renewed on February 22, 2023 for a one-year term (the “Advisory Agreement”), by and among the Company, the OP and the Adviser. The Adviser conducts substantially all of the Company’s operations and provides asset management services for its real estate investments. The Company expects it will only have accounting employees while the Advisory Agreement is in effect. All of the Company’s investment decisions are made by the Adviser, subject to general oversight by the Adviser’s investment committee and the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). The Adviser is wholly owned by NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (the “Sponsor”).
The Company’s investment objectives are to maximize the cash flow and value of properties owned, acquire properties with cash flow growth potential, provide quarterly cash distributions and achieve long-term capital appreciation for its stockholders through targeted management and a value-add program. Consistent with the Company’s policy to acquire assets for both income and capital gain, the Company intends to hold at least majority interests in its properties for long-term appreciation and to engage in the business of directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States consistent with its investment objectives. Economic and market conditions may influence the Company to hold properties for different periods of time. From time to time, the Company may sell a property if, among other deciding factors, the sale would be in the best interest of its stockholders.
The Company may allocate up to 30% of the Portfolio to investments in real estate-related debt and securities with the potential for high current income or total returns. These allocations may include first and second mortgages and subordinated, bridge, mezzanine, construction and other loans, as well as debt securities related to or secured by multifamily real estate and common and preferred equity securities, which may include securities of other REITs or real estate companies.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Accounting
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts realized or paid could differ from those estimates. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted according to such rules and regulations, although management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 have been included. Such adjustments are normal and recurring in nature. The unaudited information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and notes thereto included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company accounts for subsidiary partnerships, joint ventures and other similar entities in which it holds an ownership interest in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. The Company first evaluates whether each entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). Under the VIE model, the Company consolidates an entity when it has control to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, the Company consolidates an entity when it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, including the OP and its subsidiaries.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s primary operations consist of rental income earned from its residents under lease agreements typically with terms of one year or less. Rental income is recognized when earned. This policy effectively results in income recognition on the straight-line method over the related terms of the leases. The Company records an allowance to reflect revenue that may not be collectable. This is recorded through a provision for bad debt which is included in rental income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Resident reimbursements and other income consist of charges billed to residents for utilities, carport and garage rental, and pets, and administrative, application and other fees and are recognized when earned.
Purchase Price Allocation
Upon acquisition of a property considered to be an asset acquisition, the purchase price and related acquisition costs (“total consideration”) are allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and intangible lease assets in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 805.
The allocation of total consideration, which is determined using inputs that are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy established by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) (see Note 6), is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value and is calculated by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. The allocation of the total consideration to intangible lease assets represents the value associated with the in-place leases, which may include lost rent, leasing commissions, legal and other related costs, which the Company, as buyer of the property, did not have to incur to obtain the residents. If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value, which is estimated using inputs that are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt assumed.
Real estate assets, including land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and intangible lease assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Costs incurred in making repairs and maintaining real estate assets are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements are capitalized at cost. Real estate-related depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as described in the following table:
Not depreciated
Buildings
30 years
Improvements
15 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
3 years
Intangible lease assets
6 months
Construction in progress includes the cost of renovation projects being performed at the various properties. Once a project is complete, the historical cost of the renovation is placed into service in one of the categories above depending on the type of renovation project and is depreciated over the estimated useful lives as described in the table above.
7
Impairment
Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The key inputs into our impairment analysis include, but are not limited to, the holding period, net operating income, and capitalization rates. In such cases, the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. The Company’s impairment analysis identifies and evaluates events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, including determining the period the Company will hold the rental property, net operating income, and the estimated capitalization rate for each respective real estate investment. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has not recorded any impairment on its real estate assets.
Held for Sale
The Company periodically classifies real estate assets as held for sale when certain criteria are met, in accordance with GAAP. At that time, the Company presents the net real estate assets and the net debt associated with the real estate held for sale separately in its consolidated balance sheet, and the Company ceases recording depreciation and amortization expense related to that property. Real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of its carrying amount or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. As of March 31, 2023, there are two properties classified as held for sale. In addition to the net real estate and mortgages payable held for sale, the consolidated balance sheet also includes approximately $0.5 million of accounts receivable and prepaid and other assets, and approximately $1.8 million of accounts payable, real estate taxes payable, security deposits, prepaid rents, and other accrued liabilities.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and expects to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to its stockholders. As a REIT, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions it pays with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of its ordinary income, (2) 95% of its capital gain net income and (3) 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. The Company intends to operate in such a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that the Company will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. The Company had no significant taxes associated with its TRS for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
If the Company fails to meet these requirements, it could be subject to federal income tax on all of the Company’s taxable income at regular corporate rates for that year. The Company would not be able to deduct distributions paid to stockholders in any year in which it fails to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, the Company will also be disqualified from electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost unless the Company is entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions. As of March 31, 2023, the Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable REIT requirements.
The Company evaluates the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” (greater than 50 percent probability) of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. The Company’s management is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. The Company has no examinations in progress and none are expected at this time.
The Company recognizes its tax positions and evaluates them using a two-step process. First, the Company determines whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, the Company will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.
The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of March 31, 2023. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2022, 2021 and 2020 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which the Company and its subsidiaries are subject. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
8
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. The Company has taken the ASC 848 elections needed to allow for the hedged forecasted transactions to transition while not discontinuing the associated hedge accounting designations. Application of these hedged accounting expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 ("ASU 2022-06") which was issued to defer the sunset date of Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform to December 31, 2024. ASU 2022-06 is effective immediately for all companies.
3. Investments in Subsidiaries
The Company conducts its operations through the OP, which owns properties through single asset limited liability companies that are special purpose entities (“SPEs”). The Company consolidates the SPEs that it controls as well as any VIEs where it is the primary beneficiary. The Company controls and consolidates the OP as a VIE. In connection with its indirect equity investments in the properties acquired, the Company, through the OP and the TRS, directly or indirectly holds 100% of the membership interests in SPEs that directly own the properties. All of the properties the SPEs own are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The assets of each entity can only be used to settle obligations of that particular entity, and the creditors of each entity have no recourse to the assets of other entities or the Company.
Additionally, the Company has in the past and may in the future enter into purchase and sale transactions structured as reverse like-kind exchanges (“1031 Exchanges”) under Section 1031 of the Code. For a reverse 1031 Exchange in which the Company purchases a new property prior to selling the property to be matched in the like-kind exchange (the Company refers to the new property being acquired in the 1031 Exchange prior to the sale of the related property as a “Parked Asset”), legal title to the Parked Asset is held by an Exchange Accommodation Titleholder (“EAT”) engaged to execute the 1031 Exchange until the sale transaction and the 1031 Exchange are completed. The Company, through a wholly owned subsidiary, enters into a master lease agreement with the EAT whereby the EAT leases the acquired property and all other rights acquired in connection with the acquisition to the Company. The term of the master lease agreement is the earlier of the completion of the reverse 1031 Exchange or 180 days from the date that the property was acquired. The EAT is classified as a VIE as it does not have sufficient equity investment at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company consolidates the EAT as its primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact the EAT’s economic performance and the Company retains all of the legal and economic benefits and obligations related to the Parked Assets prior to completion of the 1031 Exchange. As such, the Parked Assets are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as VIEs until legal title and control is transferred to the Company upon either completion of the 1031 Exchange or termination of the master lease agreement, at which time they will be consolidated as wholly owned subsidiaries.
9
As of March 31, 2023, the Company, through the OP and the wholly owned TRS, owned 40 properties through SPEs. The following table represents the Company’s ownership in each property by virtue of its 100% ownership of the SPEs that directly own the title to each property as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
Effective Ownership Percentage at
Property Name
Location
Year Acquired
Arbors on Forest Ridge
Bedford, Texas
2014
100
%
Cutter's Point
Richardson, Texas
Silverbrook
Grand Prairie, Texas
The Summit at Sabal Park
Tampa, Florida
Courtney Cove
Radbourne Lake
Charlotte, North Carolina
Timber Creek
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista
Orlando, Florida
Cornerstone
2015
The Preserve at Terrell Mill
Marietta, Georgia
Versailles
Dallas, Texas
Seasons 704 Apartments
West Palm Beach, Florida
Madera Point
Mesa, Arizona
Venue at 8651
Fort Worth, Texas
Parc500
2016
The Venue on Camelback
Phoenix, Arizona
Old Farm
Houston, Texas
Stone Creek at Old Farm
Rockledge Apartments
2017
Atera Apartments
Crestmont Reserve
2018
Brandywine I & II
Nashville, Tennessee
Bella Vista
2019
The Enclave
Tempe, Arizona
The Heritage
Summers Landing
Residences at Glenview Reserve
Residences at West Place
Avant at Pembroke Pines
Pembroke Pines, Florida
Arbors of Brentwood
Torreyana Apartments
Las Vegas, Nevada
Bloom
Bella Solara
Fairways at San Marcos
Chandler, Arizona
2020
The Verandas at Lake Norman
2021
Creekside at Matthews
Six Forks Station
Raleigh, North Carolina
High House at Cary
Cary, North Carolina
The Adair
Sandy Springs, Georgia
Estates on Maryland
Properties classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2023.
10
4. Real Estate Investments
As of March 31, 2023, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):
Operating Properties
Buildings and
Construction in
Progress
Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
Totals
2,330
11,815
13
2,057
16,215
3,330
13,196
7,783
24,309
4,860
25,959
2,832
6,298
39,949
5,770
14,304
2,408
22,482
5,880
15,024
2,966
23,870
2,440
23,060
3,504
29,008
11,260
13,523
2,830
4,408
32,021
7,558
44,135
413
3,986
56,092
1,500
31,042
133
4,637
37,312
10,170
53,601
41
12,176
75,988
6,720
21,630
317
4,758
33,425
7,480
15,063
22
3,280
25,845
4,920
18,303
3,272
26,495
2,350
18,115
1,401
4,500
26,366
3,860
21,366
5,026
30,256
8,340
38,965
4,476
51,781
17,451
97,660
1,155
8,653
124,919
22,371
38,963
3,016
64,359
4,124
20,791
15
2,067
26,997
6,237
74,008
7,728
87,973
10,942
37,502
3,523
51,989
11,046
30,865
3,169
45,080
6,835
35,299
3,203
45,337
1,798
18,694
1,162
21,654
42,640
4,215
50,224
3,345
52,703
571
3,507
60,126
48,436
279,594
2,021
16,708
346,759
6,346
54,289
3,390
64,063
23,824
43,881
2,102
69,807
23,805
82,920
30
4,770
111,525
12,605
52,379
155
2,849
67,988
10,993
73,056
3,541
87,590
9,510
53,165
1,938
64,613
11,514
45,795
78
2,318
59,705
11,357
61,287
791
2,551
75,986
23,809
68,026
18
2,113
93,966
8,361
57,032
154
67,574
11,573
65,146
105
1,963
78,787
(261,041
(111,337
Total Operating Properties
1,503,755
50,711
Held For Sale Properties
11,078
71,360
98
4,849
87,385
3,493
19,793
1,181
24,480
(17,339
(4,678
(22,017
Total Held For Sale Properties
14,571
73,814
111
1,352
392,988
1,577,569
13,285
52,063
11
As of December 31, 2022, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):
11,809
2,029
16,170
13,147
7,562
24,039
25,927
1,962
6,201
38,950
13,990
2,326
22,124
14,920
2,883
23,683
23,040
3,237
28,717
13,504
2,823
4,337
31,924
7,580
42,809
314
3,776
54,479
31,014
146
4,440
37,100
53,429
11,177
74,776
21,594
124
4,618
33,056
15,042
3,095
25,626
18,294
3,174
26,388
17,977
1,036
4,394
25,757
21,352
4,893
30,109
38,860
27
4,277
51,504
96,896
912
8,241
123,500
38,942
2,956
64,269
21,105
1,954
27,189
73,920
7,156
87,313
37,493
3,416
51,859
30,777
16
3,037
44,876
35,286
3,166
45,287
18,669
1,124
21,591
42,563
3,867
49,797
52,712
12
3,195
59,264
278,736
2,139
15,780
345,091
54,239
121
3,126
63,832
43,861
1,965
69,650
23,803
82,802
37
4,226
110,868
52,351
2,687
67,643
73,007
3,397
87,397
53,061
25
1,726
64,322
11,515
45,779
2,133
59,505
62,816
116
2,111
76,400
67,855
52
1,789
93,505
56,163
525
1,453
66,502
65,041
90
1,605
78,309
(245,093
(104,183
1,515,689
48,346
71,305
4,686
87,081
19,772
1,125
24,393
73,738
1,133
393,009
1,589,427
10,637
49,479
Depreciation expense was $23.3 million and $22.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets was $0.0 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Due to the six-month useful life attributable to intangible lease assets, the value of intangible lease assets on any acquisition prior to September 30, 2022 has been fully amortized and the assets and related accumulated amortization have been written off as of March 31, 2023.
Acquisitions
There were no acquisitions of real estate during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Dispositions
There were no dispositions of real estate during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Casualty Losses
As of March 31, 2022, seven of the Company’s properties, Silverbrook, Venue at 8651, Bloom, Old Farm, Timber Creek, The Preserve at Terrell Mill and Six Forks, suffered significant property damage as a result of fires and flooding.
As of March 31, 2023, nine of the Company’s properties, Silverbrook, Versailles, Parc500, Rockledge Apartments, Summers Landing, Avant at Pembroke Pines, Arbors of Brentwood, Bella Solara, and Six Forks Station, suffered significant property damages as a result of fires and water damage. As of March 31, 2023, 107 units were excluded from the Portfolio’s total unit count. Business interruption proceeds for lost rent are included in miscellaneous income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in relation to these events. Cash flows from business interruption are included on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows as operating activities. Certain casualty proceeds from insurance are recorded in casualty gains (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in relation to these events. Events that are considered to be small, standard and not extraordinary are recorded through property operating expense. Insurance proceeds received from casualty losses are recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows as investing activities. The Company differentiates proceeds received from business interruption and casualty gains/(losses) in accounting for the transactions. Business interruption proceeds are specifically insurance proceeds to recoup lost rents due to a qualifying event(s) (i.e., fires, floods, storms, water damage, etc.) as determined by the insurance policy. Casualty gains/(losses) are distinctly attributable to damage and subsequent write down of the property (loss), and the recoupment of funds from the insurance policy, as it relates to the damage. Such proceeds received from the damage to the property are accounted for as a gain to the Company, and potentially offset losses attributable to net write off of damaged assets. For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized $0.8 million in casualty loss and $0.4 million in business interruption income on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
5. Debt
Mortgage Debt
The following table contains summary information concerning the mortgage debt of the Company as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Type
Term (months)
Outstanding
Principal (1)
Interest Rate (2)
Maturity Date
(3)
Floating
120
19,184
6.18%
12/1/2032
21,524
46,088
30,826
36,146
71,098
40,247
33,132
34,457
18,690
(4)
6.81%
2/1/2033
84
24,100
6.12%
10/1/2025
20,000
6.15%
42,100
6.16%
9/1/2025
46,804
6.72%
29,416
93,129
46,198
12,061
6.04%
43,835
29,040
2/1/2026
25,322
24,625
(5)
10,109
(6)
25,785
6.30%
Fixed
33,817
4.24%
10/1/2028
177,100
6.29%
9/1/2026
34,237
10/1/2026
50,580
59,830
40,328
60,228
(7)
34,925
6.48%
7/1/2028
29,648
(8)
41,180
6.35%
10/1/2031
46,625
6.64%
1/1/2029
35,115
6.60%
4/1/2029
43,157
1,553,474
Fair market value adjustment
583
(9)
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $2,936
(12,526
52,886
6.54%
7/1/2024
15,274
68,160
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $553
(120
Mortgage debt that is non-recourse to the Company and encumbers the multifamily properties.
Interest rate is based on a reference rate plus an applicable margin, except for fixed rate mortgage debt. References rates used in our Portfolio include one-month LIBOR and 30-Day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). As of March 31, 2023, one-month LIBOR was 4.858% and SOFR was 4.630%.
14
Loan can be pre-paid in the first 24 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 25th month of the term through the 117th month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term.
Loan can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 13th month of the term through the 81st month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term.
Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. It can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 13th month of the term through the 81st month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term.
Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. The loan can be prepaid at the greater of par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance or the product obtained by multiplying the present value of the principal being prepaid by the excess of the monthly fixed interest rate of the loan over a daily discount rate. The loan is open to pre-payment in the last three months of the term.
Loan can be pre-paid in the first 24 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 25th month of the term through the 36th month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 2% of the unpaid principal balance. Starting in the 37th month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1% of the unpaid principal balance. The loan is open to pre-payment in the last three months of the term.
Loan can be pre-paid in the first 24 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 25th month of the term through the 116th of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last four months of the term.
The Company reflected a valuation adjustment on its fixed rate debt for Residences at West Place to adjust it to fair market value on their respective dates of acquisition for the difference between the fair value and the assumed principal amount of debt. The difference is amortized into interest expense over the remaining terms of the mortgages.
The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 6.24% as of March 31, 2023 and 5.71% as of December 31, 2022. The increase between the periods is primarily related to an increase in one-month LIBOR of approximately 47 basis points to 4.858% as of March 31, 2023 from 4.39200% as of December 31, 2022, and an increase in 30-Day Average SOFR of approximately 57 basis points to 4.630% as of March 31, 2023, from 4.062% as of December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $536 million, $1,051 million, and $34 million of LIBOR, SOFR, and fixed rate debt. As of March 31, 2023, the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 3.51%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the outstanding mortgage indebtedness, the Company has included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.0682% for one-month LIBOR on its combined $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements, which effectively fix the interest rate on $1.2 billion of the Company’s floating rate mortgage debt (see Note 6).
Each of the Company’s mortgages is a non-recourse obligation subject to customary provisions. The loan agreements contain customary events of default, including defaults in the payment of principal or interest, defaults in compliance with the covenants contained in the documents evidencing the loan, defaults in payments under any other security instrument covering any part of the property, whether junior or senior to the loan, and bankruptcy or other insolvency events. As of March 31, 2023, the Company believes it is in compliance with all provisions.
Credit Facility
The following table contains summary information concerning the Company’s credit facility as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Principal
Interest Rate (1)
Corporate Credit Facility
36
57,000
6.88%
6/30/2025
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $1,426
(1,581
Interest rate is based on Term SOFR plus an applicable margin. Term SOFR as of March 31, 2023 was 4.630%.
On October 24, 2022, the Company exercised its option to extend the Corporate Credit Facility with respect to the revolving commitments for a single one-year term resulting in a maturity date of June 30, 2025. The Company may borrow up to $350.0 million under the Corporate Credit Facility. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company paid down $17.5 million on the Corporate Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2023, there was $57.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding under the Corporate Credit Facility.
Advances under the Corporate Credit Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either Term SOFR plus a margin of 1.90% to 2.40%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, and a benchmark replacement adjustment of 0.1%, or a base rate determined according to the highest of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (c) Term SOFR plus 1.0% or (d) 0.0% plus a margin of 0.90% to 1.40%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio. An unused commitment fee at a rate of 0.15% or 0.25%, depending on the outstanding aggregate revolving commitments, applies to unutilized borrowing capacity under the Corporate Credit Facility. Amounts owing under the Corporate Credit Facility may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty. The Corporate Credit Facility is guaranteed by the Company and the obligations under the Corporate Credit Facility are, subject to some exceptions, secured by a continuing security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Company is in compliance with all of the covenants required in its Corporate Credit Facility.
Deferred Financing Costs
The Company defers costs incurred in obtaining financing and amortizes the costs over the terms of the related loans using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, are recorded as a reduction from the related debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Upon repayment of or in conjunction with a material change in the terms of the underlying debt agreement, any unamortized costs are charged to loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs (see “Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Modification Costs” below). For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Gain (loss) on Extinguishment of Debt and Modification Costs
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt and modification costs includes prepayment penalties and defeasance costs incurred on the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 the Company completed a refinance of The Venue on Camelback and incurred a loss on extinguishment of approximately $0.3 million.
Schedule of Debt Maturities
The aggregate scheduled maturities, including amortizing principal payments, of total debt for the next five calendar years subsequent to March 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):
Operating
Properties
Held For Sale
Property
226
2024
391
68,551
2025
177,373
234,373
2026
290,324
2027
Thereafter
1,085,160
1,678,634
6. Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments
Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy):
Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
Level 3 inputs are the unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumption, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on input from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company utilizes independent third parties to perform the allocation of value analysis for each property acquisition and to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments and has established policies, as described above, processes and procedures intended to ensure that the valuation methodologies for investments and derivative financial instruments are fair and consistent as of the measurement date.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings. In order to minimize counterparty credit risk, the Company enters into and expects to enter into hedging arrangements only with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings.
The Company utilizes an independent third party to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate caps are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both the Company’s own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company’s derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company has determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contracts, which determination was based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of the Company’s derivatives held as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The Company’s main objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add stability to interest expense related to floating rate debt. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The interest rate swaps have terms ranging from four to five years. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. The interest rate caps have terms ranging from three to four years. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, interest rate cap derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with a portion of the Company’s floating rate debt.
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The interest rate cap agreements the Company has entered into effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $1.4 billion of the Company’s floating rate mortgage indebtedness at a weighted average rate of 5.82% as of March 31, 2023.
In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, the Company’s floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), the Company, through the OP, has entered into six interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) and four with Truist Bank with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion. The interest rate swaps the Company has entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.0682%. The Company has designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands):
Effective Date
Termination Date
Counterparty
Notional Amount
Fixed Rate (1)
June 1, 2019
June 1, 2024
KeyBank
50,000
2.0020
Truist
September 1, 2019
September 1, 2026
100,000
1.4620
125,000
1.3020
January 3, 2020
92,500
1.6090
March 4, 2020
June 1, 2026
0.8200
June 1, 2021
200,000
0.8450
0.9530
March 1, 2022
March 1, 2025
145,000
0.5730
105,000
0.6140
1,167,500
1.0682
The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is one-month LIBOR. As of March 31, 2023, one-month LIBOR was 4.858%.
Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that was designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk with future effective dates (dollars in thousands):
January 1, 2027
1.7980
Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements but either do not meet the strict requirements to apply hedge accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or the Company has elected not to designate such derivatives as hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in net income (loss) as interest expense.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate caps outstanding that are not designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands):
Notional
Strike Rate
6.20
25,977
4.81
4.99
6.82
6.46
6.07
46,464
3.37
3.40
31,900
4.40
4.00
2.74
3.91
6.45
6.70
6.66
5.18
Venue on Camelback
1,386,876
5.82
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Asset Derivatives
Liability Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps
Fair market value of interest rate swaps
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate caps
6,408
7,634
92,642
111,074
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The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Amount of gain (loss)
recognized in OCI
Location of gain
(loss) reclassified
from accumulated
reclassified from
OCI into income
For the three months ended March 31,
Interest rate products
(7,061
51,017
10,145
(3,562
(loss)
recognized in income
recognized in
income
(970
1,184
Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP (see Note 9). The redemption value is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the redemption date, and therefore, is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the balance sheet date. Since the valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP are classified as Level 2 if they are adjusted to their redemption value.
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, excluding interest rate caps, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, accrued real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent approximated their carrying values because of the short term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments were determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize on the disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
Long-term indebtedness is carried at amounts that reasonably approximate their fair value. In calculating the fair value of its long-term indebtedness, the Company used interest rate and spread assumptions that reflect current credit worthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of long-term debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. These financial instruments utilize Level 2 inputs.
The table below presents the carrying value (outstanding principal balance) and estimated fair value of our debt at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Carrying Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Fixed rate debt
32,131
31,857
Floating rate debt (1)
1,644,817
1,453,785
1,647,711
1,506,741
Includes balances outstanding under our Corporate Credit Facility.
Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In such cases, the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. There can be no assurance that the estimates discussed herein, using Level 3 inputs, are indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the real estate asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not record any impairment charges related to real estate assets.
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7. Stockholders’ Equity
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 108,404 shares of common stock pursuant to its long-term incentive plan (see “Long Term Incentive Plan” below).
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had 25,657,723 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.
Share Repurchase Program
On June 15, 2016, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $30.0 million of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, during a two-year period that was set to expire on June 15, 2018 (the “Share Repurchase Program”). On April 30, 2018, the Board increased the Share Repurchase Program from $30.0 million to up to $40.0 million and extended it by an additional two years to June 15, 2020. On March 13, 2020, the Board further increased the Share Repurchase Program from $40.0 million to up to $100.0 million and extended it to March 12, 2023. On October 24, 2022, the Board authorized us to repurchase an indeterminate number of shares of our common stock at an aggregate market value of up to $100.0 million during a two-year period that will expire on October 24, 2024. This authorization replaced the Board prior authorization. The Company may utilize various methods to affect the repurchases, and the timing and extent of the repurchases will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations, including whether the Company’s common stock is trading at a significant discount to net asset value per share. Repurchases under this program may be discontinued at any time.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. Since the inception of the Share Repurchase Program through March 31, 2023, the Company had repurchased 2,550,628 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a total cost of approximately $72.3 million, or $28.36 per share.
Treasury Shares
From time to time, in accordance with the Company’s Share Repurchase Program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock in the open market. Until any such shares are retired, the cost of the shares is included in common stock held in treasury at cost on the consolidated balance sheet. The number of shares of common stock classified as treasury shares reduces the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding and, accordingly, are considered in the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company retired no shares of its common stock held in treasury. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have any shares of common stock held in treasury.
Long Term Incentive Plan
On June 15, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved a long-term incentive plan (the “2016 LTIP”) and the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 registering 2,100,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, which the Company may issue pursuant to the 2016 LTIP. The 2016 LTIP authorizes the compensation committee of the Board to provide equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and certain other awards denominated or payable in, or otherwise based on, the Company’s common stock or factors that may influence the value of the Company’s common stock, plus cash incentive awards, for the purpose of providing the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries), the Company’s non-employee directors, and potentially certain non-employees who perform employee-type functions, incentives and rewards for performance.
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Restricted Stock Units
Under the 2016 LTIP, restricted stock units may be granted to the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries) and typically vest over a three to five-year period for officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser and annually for directors. Beginning on the date of grant, restricted stock units earn dividends that are payable in cash on the vesting date. On February 21, 2019, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 186,662 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On February 20, 2020, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 168,183 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On May 11, 2020, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 116,852 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On February 18, 2021, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 204,663 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On February 17, 2022, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 142,159 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On March 28, 2023, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 260,709 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. The following table includes the number of restricted stock units granted, vested, forfeited and outstanding as of March 31, 2023:
Number of Units
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding January 1,
527,926
52.66
Granted
260,709
39.64
Vested
(138,932
52.75
Forfeited
(213
83.88
Outstanding March 31,
649,490
47.41
Certain key employees of the Adviser elected to net the taxes owed upon vesting against the shares issued resulting in 108,404 shares being issued as shown on the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity.
The following table contains information regarding the vesting of restricted stock units under the 2016 LTIP for the next five calendar years subsequent to March 31, 2023:
Shares Vesting
February
March
May
21,879
132,526
63,329
21,877
217,732
97,635
49,349
168,861
65,939
49,348
115,287
27,048
76,396
2028
49,335
323,148
65,633
Shares vested prior to March 31, 2023.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had issued 965,614 shares of common stock under the 2016 LTIP. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized approximately $2.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of equity-based compensation expense related to grants of restricted stock units. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had recognized a liability of approximately $1.4 million related to dividends earned on restricted stock units that are payable in cash upon vesting.
At-the-Market Offering
On March 4, 2020, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”), KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. (“KeyBanc”) and Truist Securities (f/k/a SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., “SunTrust,” and together with Jefferies, Raymond James and KeyBanc, the “ATM Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time when an effective registration statement is available shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $225,000,000 (the “2020 ATM Program”). Sales of shares of common stock, if any, may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices. In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company may enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies, KeyBanc and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the 2020 ATM Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 52,091 shares of common stock at an average price of $83.16 per share for gross proceeds of $4.3 million under the ATM Program. The Company paid approximately $0.1 million in fees to the 2020 ATM Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.1 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no shares were issued under the 2020 ATM Program. The following table contains summary information of the 2020 ATM Program since its inception:
Gross proceeds
62,310,967
Common shares issued
1,120,910
Gross average sale price per share
55.59
Sales commissions
934,665
Offering costs
1,353,015
Net proceeds
60,023,287
Average price per share, net
53.55
8. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding, which excludes any unvested restricted stock units issued pursuant to the 2016 LTIP. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by adjusting basic earnings (loss) per share for the dilutive effect of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units. During periods of net loss, the assumed vesting of restricted stock units is anti-dilutive and is not included in the calculation of earnings (loss) per share.
The effect of the conversion of OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted loss per share, as they are exchangeable for common stock on a one-for-one basis. The loss allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected as net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted loss per share. See Note 9 for additional information.
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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Numerator for loss per share:
Denominator for loss per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Denominator for basic loss per share
Weighted average unvested restricted stock units
476
573
Denominator for diluted earnings per share
Loss per weighted average common share:
Basic
Diluted
If the Company sustains a net loss for the period presented, unvested restricted stock units are not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation.
9. Noncontrolling Interests
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in the OP
Interests in the OP held by limited partners are represented by OP Units. Net income (loss) is allocated to holders of OP Units based upon net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and the weighted average number of OP Units outstanding to total common shares plus OP Units outstanding during the period. Capital contributions, distributions, and profits and losses are allocated to OP Units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the OP. Each time the OP distributes cash to the Company, outside limited partners of the OP receive their pro-rata share of the distribution. Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP.
On April 1, 2022, the Company acquired The Adair and Estates on Maryland, from investors in a Delaware Statutory Trust managed by an entity affiliated with the Adviser, for total consideration of $143.4 million (the “Purchase Price”). The Purchase Price consisted of 31,071 OP Units (valued at $2.9 million) that were issued in connection with the acquisition and approximately $70.7 million in cash and debt. The fair value of the OP Units was determined based on the April 1, 2022 share price of NXRT as the OP units are convertible to common stock on a one to one basis.
On June 30, 2017, the Company and the OP entered into a contribution agreement with BH Equities, LLC and its affiliates (collectively, “BH Equity”), whereby the Company purchased 100% of the joint venture interests in the Portfolio owned by BH Equity, representing approximately 8.4% ownership in the Portfolio (the “BH Buyout”), for total consideration of approximately $51.7 million (the “Purchase Amount”). The Purchase Amount consisted of approximately $49.7 million in cash that was paid on June 30, 2017 and 73,233 OP Units (initially valued at $2.0 million) that were issued on August 1, 2017. The number of OP Units issued was calculated by dividing $2.0 million by the midpoint of the range of the Company’s net asset value as publicly disclosed in connection with the Company’s release of its second quarter of 2017 earnings results, which was $27.31 per share.
In connection with the issuance of OP Units to BH Equity on August 1, 2017, the Company and the OP amended the partnership agreement of the OP (the “Amendment”). Pursuant to the Amendment, limited partners holding OP Units have the right to cause the OP to redeem their units at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount (as defined in the partnership agreement of the OP), provided that such OP Units have been outstanding for at least one year. The Company, through the OP GP, as the general partner of the OP may, in its sole discretion, purchase the OP Units by paying to the limited partner either the Cash Amount or the REIT Share Amount (one share of common stock of the Company for each OP Unit), as defined in the partnership agreement of the OP. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption right to the extent the issuance of the Company’s common stock to the redeeming limited partner would (1) be prohibited, as determined in the Company’s sole
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discretion, under the Company’s charter or (2) cause the acquisition of common stock by such redeeming limited partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of the Company’s common stock for purposes of complying with the Securities Act. Accordingly, the Company records the OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners outside of permanent equity and reports the OP Units at the greater of their carrying value or their redemption value using the Company’s stock price at each balance sheet date.
The following table sets forth the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP, December 31, 2022
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP
Other comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP
(65
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP
141
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP, March 31, 2023
Fees and Reimbursements to BH and its Affiliates
The Company has entered into management agreements with BH Management Services, LLC (“BH”), the Company’s property manager and an independently owned third party, who manages the Company’s properties and supervises the implementation of the Company’s value-add program. BH is an affiliate of BH Equity, who was a noncontrolling interest member of the Company’s joint ventures prior to the BH Buyout on June 30, 2017. Through BH Equity’s noncontrolling interests in such joint ventures, BH Equity was deemed to be a related party. With the completion of the BH Buyout, BH Equity is no longer deemed to be a related party. BH Equity became a noncontrolling limited partner of the OP upon execution of the Amendment. BH and its affiliates do not have common ownership in any joint venture with the Adviser; there is also no common ownership between BH and its affiliates and the Adviser.
The property management fee paid to BH is approximately 3% of the monthly gross income from each property managed. Currently, BH manages all of the Company’s properties. Additionally, the Company may pay BH certain other fees, including: (1) a fee of $15-25 per unit for the one-time setup and inspection of properties, (2) a construction supervision fee of 5-6% of total project costs, which is capitalized, (3) acquisition fees and due diligence costs reimbursements, and (4) other owner approved fees at $55 per hour. BH also acts as a paymaster for the properties and is reimbursed at cost for various operating expenses it pays on behalf of the properties. The following is a summary of fees that the properties incurred to BH and its affiliates, as well as reimbursements paid to BH from the properties for various operating expenses, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Fees incurred
Property management fees
2,019
1,750
Construction supervision fees
651
325
Design fees
Reimbursements
Payroll and benefits
5,451
5,164
Other reimbursements
1,353
1,028
Included in property management fees on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Capitalized on the consolidated balance sheets and reflected in buildings and improvements.
Included in property operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Includes property operating expenses such as repairs and maintenance costs and certain property general and administrative expenses, which are included on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
10. Related Party Transactions
Advisory and Administrative Fee
In accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company pays the Adviser an advisory fee equal to 1.00% of the Average Real Estate Assets (as defined below). The duties performed by the Company’s Adviser under the terms of the Advisory Agreement include, but are not limited to: providing daily management for the Company, selecting and working with third party service providers, managing the Company’s properties or overseeing the third party property manager, formulating an investment strategy for the Company and selecting suitable properties and investments, managing the Company’s outstanding debt and its interest rate exposure through derivative instruments, determining when to sell assets, and managing the value-add program or overseeing a third party vendor that implements the value-add program. “Average Real Estate Assets” means the average of the aggregate book value of Real Estate Assets before reserves for depreciation or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of the book value of real estate assets at the end of each month (1) for which any fee under the Advisory Agreement is calculated or (2) during the year for which any expense reimbursement under the Advisory Agreement is calculated. “Real Estate Assets” is defined broadly in the Advisory Agreement to include, among other things, investments in real estate-related securities and mortgages and reserves for capital expenditures (the value-add program). The advisory fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the advisory fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.
In accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company also pays the Adviser an administrative fee equal to 0.20% of the Average Real Estate Assets. The administrative fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the administrative fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.
The advisory and administrative fees paid to the Adviser on the Contributed Assets (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) are subject to an annual cap of approximately $5.4 million (the “Contributed Assets Cap”) (see “Expense Cap” below).
Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Adviser for all documented Operating Expenses and Offering Expenses it incurs on behalf of the Company. “Operating Expenses” include legal, accounting, financial and due diligence services performed by the Adviser that outside professionals or outside consultants would otherwise perform, the Company’s pro rata share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Adviser required for the Company’s operations, and compensation expenses under the 2016 LTIP. Operating Expenses do not include expenses for the advisory and administrative services described in the Advisory Agreement. Certain Operating Expenses, such as the Company’s ratable share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses incurred by the Adviser or its affiliates that relate to the operations of the Company, may be billed monthly to the Company under a shared services agreement. “Offering Expenses” include all expenses (other than underwriters’ discounts) in connection with an offering, including, without limitation, legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees and other documented offering expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Adviser did not bill any Operating Expenses or Offering Expenses to the Company and any such expenses the Adviser incurred during the periods are considered to be permanently waived.
Expense Cap
Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, expenses paid or incurred by the Company for operating expenses and advisory and administrative fees payable to the Adviser and Operating Expenses will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect (the “Expense Cap”)). The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement of expenses related to Offering Expenses. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation or other events outside the Company’s ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisitions or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets. Also, advisory and administrative fees are further limited on Contributed Assets to approximately $5.4 million in any calendar year. Contributed Assets refers to all Real Estate Assets contributed to the Company as part of its spin-off. The Contributed Assets Cap is not reduced for dispositions of such assets subsequent to its spin-off. Advisory and administrative fees on New Assets are not subject to the above limitation and are based on an annual rate of 1.2% on Average Real Estate Assets, but are subject to the Expense Cap. New Assets are all Real Estate Assets that are not Contributed Assets.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees of approximately $5.3 million and $4.9 million, respectively. The advisory and administrative fees waived by the Adviser are considered to be permanently waived for the periods. The Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion.
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Other Related Party Transactions
The Company has in the past, and may in the future, utilize the services of affiliated parties. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not pay any fees to NexBank Title, Inc. (“NexBank Title”). NexBank Title is an affiliate of the Adviser through common beneficial ownership. NexBank Title provides title insurance and work related to providing title insurance on properties related to acquisitions, dispositions and refinancing transactions. These amounts are either capitalized as real estate assets or deferred financing costs, expensed as loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, or expensed as selling costs when determining gain (loss) on sales of real estate, depending on the appropriate accounting as determined for each specific transaction. The Company holds multiple operating accounts at NexBank Capital, Inc. (“NexBank”), an affiliate of the Adviser through common beneficial ownership.
NexBank is an affiliate of the Adviser through common beneficial ownership.
On July 30, 2021, three of our property-owning subsidiaries entered into agreements with NLMF Holdco, LLC, an entity under common control with our Adviser and in which we own a 10% equity interest. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has funded approximately $0.3 million to NLMF Holdco, LLC which is included in prepaid and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company incurred expenses of $0.1 million for fiber internet service which is included in property operating expenses on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Additionally, on July 30, 2021, we entered into agreements with NLMF Leaseco, LLC, which is controlled by Matt McGraner, one of our officers. We expect that these actions will provide faster, more reliable and lower cost internet to our residents.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various rehabilitation construction related purchase commitments with parties that provide these goods and services. In the event the Company were to terminate rehabilitation construction services prior to the completion of projects, the Company could potentially be committed to satisfy outstanding or uncompleted purchase orders with such parties. As of March 31, 2023, management does not anticipate any material deviations from schedule or budget related to rehabilitation projects currently in process.
The Company’s agreement with NLMF Holdco, LLC may result in additional funding requirements to cover future project costs. The maximum exposure of potential commitments is expected to be no more than $4.0 million. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has funded approximately $0.3 million to NLMF Holdco, LLC which is included in prepaid and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company.
Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to claims, lawsuits, and legal proceedings. While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of all such matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) of the Company. The Company is not involved in any material litigation nor, to management’s knowledge, is any material litigation currently threatened against the Company or its properties or subsidiaries.
Environmental liabilities could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, assets, cash flows or results of operations. As of March 31, 2023, the Company was not aware of any environmental liabilities. There can be no assurance that material environmental liabilities do not exist.
Self-Insurance Program
On March 1, 2021, the Adviser entered into a self-insurance policy resulting in an aggregate amount of $2,468,750 (the “2021 Aggregate Amount”) which is allocated across properties managed by the Adviser with approximately $1.6 million being allocated to the Company. As of December 31, 2021, all of the $1.6 million of the 2021 Aggregate Amount allocated to the Company has been prepaid. For the period from March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022, the Company incurred claims related to its entire allocated 2021 Aggregate Amount at Old Farm and Silverbrook.
On March 1, 2022, the Adviser entered into a new policy resulting in a new aggregate amount of $2,497,500 (the “2022 Aggregate Amount”) which is allocated across properties managed by the Adviser with approximately $1.8 million being allocated to the Company. From March 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023, the Company incurred claims at Six Forks Station, Parc500, Hollister Place, Versailles, Timber Creek, Venue at 8651, The Preserve at Terrell Mill, High House at Cary and Arbors of Brentwood. As of March 31, 2023, all of the 2022 Aggregate Amount allocated to the Company has been funded (see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements).
12. Subsequent Events
Dividends Declared
On April 24, 2023, the Company’s Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.42 per share, payable on June 30, 2023 to stockholders of record on June 15, 2023.
2023 Insurance Renewal
On April 1, 2023, the Company renewed its property, casualty, and environmental insurance. The property insurance has an aggregate of $5,500,000 (the “2023 Aggregate Amount”) which is allocated across properties covered by the policy.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and our historical results of operations. The following should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included herein and with our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (our “Annual Report”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 24, 2023. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those projected, forecasted, or expected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this quarterly report. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report, and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report.
Overview
As of March 31, 2023, our Portfolio consisted of 40 multifamily properties primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States encompassing 15,127 units of apartment space that was approximately 94.0% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,487. Substantially all of our business is conducted through the OP. We own the Portfolio through the OP and our TRS. The OP owns approximately 99.9% of the Portfolio; our TRS owns approximately 0.1% of the Portfolio. The OP GP is the sole general partner of the OP. As of March 31, 2023, there were 26,055,458 OP Units outstanding, of which 25,951,154, or 99.6%, were owned by us and 104,304, or 0.4%, were owned by an unaffiliated limited partner (see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements).
We are primarily focused on directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities, primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. We generate revenue primarily by leasing our multifamily properties. We intend to employ targeted management and a value-add program at a majority of our properties in an attempt to improve rental rates and the net operating income (“NOI”) at our properties and achieve long-term capital appreciation for our stockholders. We are externally managed by the Adviser through the Advisory Agreement, by and among the OP, the Adviser and us. The Advisory Agreement was renewed on February 14, 2023 for a one-year term. The Adviser is wholly owned by NexPoint Advisors, L.P.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, and expect to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We believe we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
On October 16, 2019, Highland, a former affiliate of our Sponsor, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Highland Bankruptcy”), On October 15, 2021, Marc S. Kirschner, as litigation trustee of a litigation subtrust formed pursuant to Highland’s plan of reorganization and disclosure statement which became effective on August 11, 2021, filed a lawsuit (the “Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit”) against various persons and entities, including our Sponsor and James Dondero. In addition, on February 8, 2023, UBS Securities LLC and its affiliate (collectively, “UBS”) filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York against Mr. Dondero and a number of other persons and entities seeking to collect on $1.3 billion in judgments UBS obtained against entities that were managed indirectly by Highland (the “UBS Lawsuit”). Neither the Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit nor the UBS Lawsuit include claims related to our business or our assets. Our Sponsor and Mr. Dondero have informed us they believe the Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit has no merit, and Mr. Dondero has informed us he believes the UBS Lawsuit has no merit; we have been advised that the defendants named in each of the lawsuits intend to vigorously defend against the claims. We do not expect the Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit or the UBS Lawsuit will have a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Components of Our Revenues and Expenses
Rental income. Our earnings are primarily attributable to the rental revenue from our multifamily properties. We anticipate that the leases we enter into for our multifamily properties will typically be for one year or less on average. Also included are utility reimbursements, late fees, pet fees, and other rental fees charged to tenants.
Other income. Other income includes ancillary income earned from tenants such as non-refundable fees, application fees, laundry fees, cable TV income, and other miscellaneous fees charged to tenants.
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses include property maintenance costs, salary and employee benefit costs, utilities, casualty-related expenses and recoveries and other property operating costs.
Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes include the property taxes assessed by local and state authorities depending on the location of each property. Insurance includes the cost of commercial, general liability, and other needed insurance for each property.
Property management fees. Property management fees include fees paid to BH, our property manager, or other third party management companies for managing each property (see Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements).
Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees include the fees paid to our Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement (see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements).
Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses include, but are not limited to, audit fees, legal fees, listing fees, board of director fees, equity-based compensation expense, investor relations costs and payments of reimbursements to our Adviser for operating expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses and the advisory and administrative fees paid to our Adviser (including advisory and administrative fees on properties defined in the Advisory Agreement as New Assets) will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect), calculated in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, or the Expense Cap. The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement by us of expenses related to securities offerings paid by our Adviser. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence, and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation, or other events outside our ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisition or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets. Additionally, in the sole discretion of the Adviser, the Adviser may elect to waive certain advisory and administrative fees otherwise due. If advisory and administrative fees are waived in a period, the waived fees for that period are considered to be waived permanently and the Adviser may not be reimbursed in the future.
Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses include the costs of marketing, professional fees, general office supplies, and other administrative related costs of each property.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs primarily include depreciation of our multifamily properties and amortization of acquired in-place leases.
Other Income and Expense
Interest expense. Interest expense primarily includes the cost of interest expense on debt, the amortization of deferred financing costs and the related impact of interest rate derivatives used to manage our interest rate risk.
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs. Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs includes prepayment penalties and defeasance costs, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and fair market value adjustments of assumed debt related to the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment.
Casualty losses. Casualty losses include expenses resulting from damages from an unexpected and unusual event such as a natural disaster. Expenses can include additional payments on insurance premiums, impairment recognized on a property, and other abnormal expenses arising from the related event.
Miscellaneous income. Miscellaneous income includes proceeds received from insurance for business interruption involving the loss of rental income at a property that has temporarily suspended operations due to an unexpected and unusual event.
Gain on sales of real estate. Gain on sales of real estate includes the gain recognized upon sales of properties. Gain on sales of real estate is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the real estate and costs incurred to sell the properties from the sales prices of the properties.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth a summary of our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
$ Change
8,441
(56,105
(55,126
(979
7,462
(6,103
(942
230
769
(1
770
The change in our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily relates to an increase in total revenues and was partially offset by an increase in interest expense.
Rental income. Rental income was $67.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $59.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $8.2 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a 13.5% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio to $1,487 as of March 31, 2023 from $1,310 as of March 31, 2022. The increase in effective rent was primarily driven by the value-add program that we have implemented and organic growth in rents in the markets where our properties are located.
Other income. Other income was $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $0.3 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to a $0.7 million decrease in casualty loss partially offset by increases of $0.1 million and $0.1 million in contract painting and water and sewer, respectively.
Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $8.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Property taxes incurred in the first year of ownership may be significantly less than subsequent years since the purchase price of the property may trigger a significant increase in assessed value by the taxing authority in subsequent years, increasing the cost of real estate taxes.
Property management fees. Property management fees were $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase in total revenues, which the fee is primarily based on.
Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees were $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees of approximately $5.3 million and $4.9 million and are considered to be permanently waived. Our Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion. Advisory and administrative fees may increase in future periods as we acquire additional properties, which will be classified as New Assets.
Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses were $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $0.1 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to a decrease in professional fees of approximately $0.1 million.
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Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.3 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase in centralized services of approximately $0.3 million.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs were $23.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $23.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $0.4 million. The decrease between the periods was due to the amortization of intangible lease assets of $0.0 million related to no properties for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.1 million related to two property for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $1.1 million partially offset by an increase of $0.6 million in depreciation expense, primarily due to our acquisition activity in 2022 (acquisitions of The Adair and Estates on Maryland in the second quarter of 2022) and the timing of the transactions, as described above. The amortization of intangible lease assets over a six-month period from the date of acquisition is expected to increase the amortization expense during the year of acquisition for each property.
Interest expense. Interest expense was $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. There was an increase in interest on debt of approximately $17.5 million and interest rate caps market-to-market gain of $2.2 million partially offset by interest rate swaps of $13.7 million. The following table details the various costs included in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Interest on debt
25,147
7,689
17,458
Amortization of deferred financing costs
767
(10,145
3,562
(13,707
Interest rate caps mark-to-market loss (gain)
970
(1,180
2,150
16,739
10,636
6,103
Non-GAAP Measurements
Net Operating Income and Same Store Net Operating Income
NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure of performance. NOI is used by investors and our management to evaluate and compare the performance of our properties to other comparable properties, to determine trends in earnings and to compute the fair value of our properties as NOI is calculated by adjusting net income (loss) to add back (1) interest expense (2) advisory and administrative fees, (3) the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets that are included in net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP, (4) corporate general and administrative expenses, (5) other gains and losses that are specific to us including loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, (6) casualty-related expenses/(recoveries) and casualty gains (losses), (7) loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs that are not reflective of continuing operations of the properties, and (8) property general and administrative expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on behalf of the Company at the property for expenses such as legal, professional, centralized leasing service and franchise tax fees.
The cost of funds is eliminated from net income (loss) because it is specific to our particular financing capabilities and constraints. The cost of funds is also eliminated because it is dependent on historical interest rates and other costs of capital as well as past decisions made by us regarding the appropriate mix of capital, which may have changed or may change in the future. Corporate general and administrative expenses and non-operating fees to affiliates are eliminated because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. Depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets are eliminated because they may not accurately represent the actual change in value in our multifamily properties that result from use of the properties or changes in market conditions. While certain aspects of real property do decline in value over time in a manner that is reasonably captured by depreciation and amortization, the value of the properties as a whole have historically increased or decreased as a result of changes in overall economic conditions instead of from actual use of the property or the passage of time. Gains and losses from the sale of real property vary from property to property and are affected by market conditions at the time of sale, which will usually change from period to period. Casualty-related expenses and recoveries are excluded because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. Entity level general and administrative expenses incurred at the properties are eliminated as they are specific to the way in which we have chosen to hold our properties and are the result of our ownership structuring. Also, expenses that are incurred upon acquisition of a property do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. These gains and losses can create distortions when comparing one period to another or when comparing our operating results to the operating results of other real estate companies that have not made similarly timed purchases or sales. We believe that eliminating these items from net income (loss) is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual ongoing revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating our properties as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs.
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However, the usefulness of NOI is limited because it excludes corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense, loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, certain fees to affiliates such as advisory and administrative fees, depreciation and amortization expense and gains or losses from the sale of properties, and other gains and losses as determined under GAAP, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which are significant economic costs. NOI may fail to capture significant trends in these components of net income, which further limits its usefulness.
NOI is a measure of the operating performance of our properties but does not measure our performance as a whole. NOI is therefore not a substitute for net income (loss) as computed in accordance with GAAP. This measure should be analyzed in conjunction with net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP and discussions elsewhere in “—Results of Operations” regarding the components of net income (loss) that are eliminated in the calculation of NOI. Other companies may use different methods for calculating NOI or similarly entitled measures and, accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to similarly entitled measures reported by other companies that do not define the measure exactly as we do.
We define “Same Store NOI” as NOI for our properties that are comparable between periods. We view Same Store NOI as an important measure of the operating performance of our properties because it allows us to compare operating results of properties owned for the entirety of the current and comparable periods and therefore eliminates variations caused by acquisitions or dispositions during the periods.
NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
The following table, which has not been adjusted for the effects of noncontrolling interests, reconciles our NOI and our Same Store NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 to net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure (in thousands):
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to NOI:
Advisory and administrative fees
Casualty-related expenses/(recoveries)
(1,706
1,047
Casualty gains
814
(128
781
738
(122
NOI
41,130
36,673
Less Non-Same Store
(6,579
(4,403
Operating expenses
3,199
2,302
(52
Same Store NOI
37,750
34,520
Adjustment to net loss to exclude certain property operating expenses that are casualty-related expenses.
Adjustment to net loss to exclude certain property general and administrative expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional, centralized leasing service and franchise tax fees.
Net Operating Income for Our Same Store and Non-Same Store Properties for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
There are 36 properties encompassing 13,534 units of apartment space in our same store pool for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (our “Same Store” properties). Our Same Store properties exclude the following four properties in our Portfolio as of March 31, 2023: Old Farm, Stone Creek at Old Farm, The Adair, and Estates at Maryland as well as the 107 units that are currently down (see Note 4).
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The following table reflects the revenues, property operating expenses and NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 for our Same Store and Non-Same Store properties (dollars in thousands):
% Change
Same Store
61,149
54,963
6,186
11.3
1,499
1,420
79
5.6
Same Store revenues
62,648
56,383
6,265
11.1
Non-Same Store
6,388
4,334
2,054
47.4
191
69
176.8
Non-Same Store revenues
6,579
4,403
2,176
49.4
13.9
Property operating expenses (1)
13,376
11,587
15.4
8,781
7,632
1,149
15.1
Property management fees (2)
1,827
1,627
200
12.3
Property general and administrative expenses (3)
1,325
1,146
179
15.6
Same Store operating expenses
25,309
21,992
3,317
Property operating expenses (4)
1,596
962
634
65.9
1,239
1,088
151
130
70
53.8
Property general and administrative expenses (5)
164
42
34.4
Non-Same Store operating expenses
897
39.0
Total operating expenses
28,508
24,294
4,214
17.3
129
282
218.6
N/M
Total operating income
3,230
9.4
3,380
2,153
1,227
57.0
Total NOI
4,457
12.2
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, excludes approximately $1,712,000 and $1,562,000, respectively, of casualty-related recoveries.
Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the OP.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, excludes approximately $695,000 and $694,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional, centralized leasing service and franchise tax fees.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, excludes approximately $6,000 and $2,609,000, respectively, of casualty-related expenses.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, excludes approximately $86,000 and $44,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional, centralized leasing service and franchise tax fees.
See reconciliation of net loss to NOI above under “NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.”
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Same Store Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
As of March 31, 2023, our Same Store properties were approximately 94.0% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,494. As of March 31, 2022, our Same Store properties were approximately 94.3% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,319. For our Same Store properties, we recorded the following operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022:
Rental income. Rental income was $61.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $55.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $6.2 million, or 11.3%. The majority of the increase is related to a 13.3% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit to $1,494 as of March 31, 2023 from $1,319 as of March 31, 2022, partially offset by a 0.3% decrease in occupancy.
Other income. Other income was $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $13.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $11.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $1.8 million, or 15.4%. The majority of the increase is related to a $1.0 million, or 22.4%, increase in repair and maintenance costs and an increase in payroll of $0.7 million, or 15.3%.
Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $1.2 million, or 15.1%. The majority of the increase is related to an increase in real estate taxes of approximately $1.0 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition activity in 2022 and the timing of the transactions. Property taxes incurred in the first year of ownership may be significantly less than subsequent years since the purchase price of the property may trigger a significant increase in assessed value by the taxing authority in subsequent years, increasing the costs of real estate taxes.
Property management fees. Property management fees were $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million, or 12.3%. The majority of the increase is related to a $6.1 million, or 11.3%, increase in rental income, which the fee is primarily based on.
Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million, or 15.6%. The majority of the increase is related to an increase in property operations expense of $0.2 million.
FFO, Core FFO and AFFO
We believe that net income (loss), as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measure. We also believe that funds from operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), core funds from operations (“Core FFO”) and adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”) are important non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT.
Since the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation except on land, such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market and other conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that use historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. Thus, NAREIT created FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs that excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, among other items, from net income (loss), as defined by GAAP. FFO is defined by NAREIT as net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from real estate dispositions, plus real estate depreciation and amortization. We compute FFO attributable to common stockholders in accordance with NAREIT’s definition. Our presentation differs slightly in that we begin with net income (loss) before adjusting for amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP and we show the combined amounts attributable to such noncontrolling interests as an adjustment to arrive at FFO attributable to common stockholders.
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Core FFO makes certain adjustments to FFO, which are either not likely to occur on a regular basis or are otherwise not representative of the ongoing operating performance of our Portfolio. Core FFO adjusts FFO to remove items such casualty-related expenses and recoveries and gains or losses, gain on extinguishment of debt and modification costs that are not reflective of continuing operations of the properties, the amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with obtaining short-term debt financing, and the noncontrolling interests (as described above) related to these items. We believe Core FFO is useful to investors as a supplemental gauge of our operating performance and is useful in comparing our operating performance with other REITs that are not as involved in the aforementioned activities.
AFFO makes certain adjustments to Core FFO in order to arrive at a more refined measure of the operating performance of our Portfolio. There is no industry standard definition of AFFO and practice is divergent across the industry. AFFO adjusts Core FFO to remove items such as equity-based compensation expense and the amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with obtaining long-term debt financing, and the noncontrolling interests (as described above) related to these items. We believe AFFO is useful to investors as a supplemental gauge of our operating performance and is useful in comparing our operating performance with other REITs that are not as involved in the aforementioned activities.
The effect of the conversion of OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted FFO, Core FFO and AFFO per share, as they are exchangeable for common stock on a one-for-one basis. The FFO, Core FFO and AFFO allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected in the adjustments for noncontrolling interests in the table below. As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted FFO, Core FFO and AFFO per share. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
We believe that the use of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO, combined with the required GAAP presentations, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among investors and makes comparisons of operating results among such companies more meaningful. While FFO, Core FFO and AFFO are relevant and widely used measures of operating performance of REITs, they do not represent cash flows from operations or net income (loss) as defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute to those measures in evaluating our liquidity or operating performance. FFO, Core FFO and AFFO do not purport to be indicative of cash available to fund our future cash requirements. Further, our computation of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to FFO, Core FFO and AFFO reported by other REITs that do not define FFO in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition or define Core FFO or AFFO differently than we do.
The following table reconciles our calculations of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO to net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
16.5
-1.9
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests
(73
(57
28.1
FFO attributable to common stockholders
19,295
18,994
1.6
FFO per share - basic
0.75
0.74
1.7
FFO per share - diluted
0.73
2.0
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs
0.0
Casualty loss (gain)
Amortization of deferred financing costs - acquisition term notes
330
182
(4
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders
18,613
20,091
7.9
Core FFO per share - basic
0.78
-7.3
Core FFO per share - diluted
0.71
0.77
-6.9
Amortization of deferred financing costs - long term debt
437
386
13.2
Equity-based compensation expense
1,876
4.8
(9
(7
28.6
AFFO attributable to common stockholders
21,007
22,346
-6.0
AFFO per share - basic
0.82
0.87
-5.9
AFFO per share - diluted
0.81
0.85
-5.6
-0.1
26,075
26,193
-0.5
Dividends declared per common share
0.420
0.380
10.5
Net loss Coverage - diluted
-0.36x
-0.47x
-24.6
FFO Coverage - diluted
1.76x
1.91x
-7.7
Core FFO Coverage - diluted
1.70x
2.02x
-15.8
AFFO Coverage - diluted
1.92x
2.25x
-14.6
The Company uses actual diluted weighted average common shares outstanding when in a dilutive position for FFO, Core FFO and AFFO.
Indicates coverage ratio of Net loss/FFO/Core FFO/AFFO per common share (diluted) over dividends declared per common share during the period.
The three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022
FFO was $19.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $19.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.3 million. The change in our FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in total revenues of $8.4 million, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $6.1 million, total property operating expenses of $0.3 million, corporate general and administrative expenses of $0.1 million, and adjustments for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests.
Core FFO was $18.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $20.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $1.5 million. The change in our Core FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in FFO and an increase in casualty-related recoveries of approximately $2.8 million, partially offset by an increase in casualty gain of $0.9 million.
AFFO was $21.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $22.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $1.3 million. The change in our AFFO between the periods primarily relates to decreases in Core FFO and partially offset by an increase in equity-based compensation expense of $0.1 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for debt maturities, operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our multifamily properties, including:
capital expenditures to continue our value-add program and to improve the quality and performance of our multifamily properties;
interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness (see “—Obligations and Commitments” below);
recurring maintenance necessary to maintain our multifamily properties;
distributions necessary to qualify for taxation as a REIT;
acquisition of additional properties;
advisory and administrative fees payable to our Adviser;
general and administrative expenses;
reimbursements to our Adviser; and
property management fees payable to BH.
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations and existing cash balances and any unused capacity on the Corporate Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $7.0 million of renovation value-add reserves for our planned capital expenditures to implement our value-add program. Renovation value-add reserves are not required to be held in escrow by a third party. We may reallocate these funds, at our discretion, to pursue other investment opportunities or meet our short-term liquidity requirements.
Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional multifamily properties, renovations and other capital expenditures to improve our multifamily properties and scheduled debt payments and distributions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, which may include a revolving credit facility and future debt or equity issuances, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, long-term mortgage indebtedness and other secured and unsecured borrowings, and property dispositions. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity, market perceptions about us and restrictions on sales of properties under the Code. The Company continues to monitor the impact on COVID-19 and its impact on future rent collections, valuation of real estate investments, impact on cash flow and ability to refinance or repay debt. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources.
In addition to our value-add program, our multifamily properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. Also, acquisitions, redevelopments, or expansions of our multifamily properties will require significant capital outlays. Long-term, we may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, or redevelopment through retained earnings long-term is limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
On March 4, 2020, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of the ATM Sales Agents, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time when an effective registration statement is available shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $225,000,000 (the “2020 ATM Program”). The 2020 ATM Program may be terminated by the Company at any time and expires automatically once aggregate sales under the 2020 ATM Program reach $225,000,000 (see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements).
We believe that our available cash, expected operating cash flows, and potential debt or equity financings will provide sufficient funds for our operations, anticipated scheduled debt service payments and dividend requirements for the twelve-month period following March 31, 2023.
Cash Flows
The following table presents selected data from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Cash flows from operating activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was $27.9 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $8.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in cash flows from operating activities was mainly due to the timing of the transactions, as described above. Additionally, the change between periods was attributable to a decrease and increase in our operating assets and liabilities of $5.4 million and $10.6 million, respectively.
Cash flows from investing activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $16.5 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in cash flows from investing activities was mainly due to an increase in furniture, fixtures, and equipment and our acquisition and disposition activity in 2021 and the timing of the transactions, as described above.
Cash flows from financing activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $16.1 million compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $45.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in cash flows from financing activities was mainly due to a net decrease in mortgage debt of approximately $15 million, a decrease in credit facility proceeds received of $55 million, and an increase in credit facility payments of $17.5 million.
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Real Estate Investments Statistics
As of March 31, 2023, the Company was invested in a total of 40 multifamily properties, as listed below:
Average Effective Monthly
Rent Per Unit (1)
as of
% Occupied (2) as of
Rentable
Square
Footage
Number
of Units (3)
Date
Acquired
210
1/31/2014
1,182
1,180
97.1
92.4
198
196
1,433
1,497
92.9
93.9
526
642
1,208
1,214
87.7
90.3
205
252
8/20/2014
1,476
1,503
94.8
94.0
225
324
1,395
1,490
96.0
94.4
247
9/30/2014
1,408
1,385
93.3
248
352
1,257
1,244
90.6
92.3
371
400
11/5/2014
1,706
1,786
98.0
95.5
318
430
1/15/2015
1,450
94.2
90.0
692
752
2/6/2015
1,322
1,321
90.2
91.9
301
388
2/26/2015
1,294
1,261
92.7
93.0
217
222
4/15/2015
1,802
1,837
94.6
94.1
193
8/5/2015
1,331
1,345
95.7
289
333
10/30/2015
1,116
91.6
266
7/27/2016
1,879
1,927
96.3
95.9
10/11/2016
1,087
1,080
95.4
91.8
697
734
12/29/2016
1,297
1,326
95.2
186
190
1,338
1,343
95.3
93.2
802
708
6/30/2017
1,591
1,550
94.3
334
380
10/25/2017
1,495
1,524
96.8
96.1
199
242
9/26/2018
1,221
1,252
94.9
95.0
414
632
1,247
93.5
94.5
243
1/28/2019
1,755
1,791
194
204
1,851
95.1
96.6
1,668
1,653
139
6/7/2019
1,203
96.4
344
360
7/17/2019
1,233
94.7
95.8
345
342
1,584
1,586
92.1
1,442
1,520
8/30/2019
2,063
2,106
346
9/10/2019
1,423
89.0
309
316
11/22/2019
1,600
1,557
93.7
498
528
1,333
1,315
92.6
89.8
271
320
1,421
1,371
88.8
340
11/2/2020
1,656
1,576
241
264
6/30/2021
1,336
1,316
92.8
263
240
1,452
1,397
323
9/10/2021
1,344
1,416
293
302
12/7/2021
1,636
328
232
4/1/2022
1,895
1,807
1,429
1,459
96.7
13,797
15,127
Average effective monthly rent per unit is equal to the average of the contractual rent for commenced leases as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, minus any tenant concessions over the term of the lease, divided by the number of units under commenced leases as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Percent occupied is calculated as the number of units occupied as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, divided by the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
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Includes 107 down units due to casualty events as of March 31, 2023 (see Note 3).
Debt, Derivatives and Hedging Activity
As of March 31, 2023, our subsidiaries had aggregate mortgage debt outstanding to third parties of approximately $1.6 billion at a weighted average interest rate of 6.24% and an adjusted weighted average interest rate of 3.51%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of our mortgage debt outstanding, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.0682% for one-month LIBOR on our combined $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements, which effectively fixes the interest rate on $1.2 billion of our floating rate debt. See Notes 5 and 6 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
We have entered into and expect to continue to enter into interest rate swap and cap agreements with various third parties to fix or cap the floating interest rates on a majority of our floating rate mortgage debt outstanding. The interest rate swap agreements generally have a term of four to five years and effectively establish a fixed interest rate on debt on the underlying notional amounts. The interest rate swap agreements involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of March 31, 2023, interest rate swap agreements effectively covered 71% of our $1.6 billion of floating rate debt outstanding.
The interest rate cap agreements generally have a term of three to four years, cover the outstanding principal amount of the underlying debt and are generally required by our lenders. Under the interest rate cap agreements, we pay a fixed fee in exchange for the counterparty to pay any interest above a maximum rate. As of March 31, 2023, interest rate cap agreements covered $1.4 billion of our $1.6 billion of floating rate mortgage debt outstanding. These interest rate cap agreements effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $1.4 billion of our floating rate mortgage debt at a weighted average rate of 5.82%.
We intend to invest in additional multifamily properties as suitable opportunities arise and adequate sources of equity and debt financing are available. We expect that future investments in properties, including any improvements or renovations of current or newly acquired properties, will depend on and will be financed by, in whole or in part, our existing cash, future borrowings and the proceeds from additional issuances of common stock or other securities or property dispositions.
Although we expect to be subject to restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness, we expect that we will be able to refinance existing indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness for acquisitions or other purposes, if needed. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance our indebtedness, incur additional indebtedness or access additional sources of capital, such as by issuing common stock or other debt or equity securities, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.
Furthermore, following the completion of our value-add and capital expenditures programs and depending on the interest rate environment at the applicable time, we may seek to refinance our floating rate debt into longer-term fixed rate debt at lower leverage levels.
On March 25, 2022, the Company entered into a loan modification agreement by and among the Company, the OP, Truist Bank and the Lenders party thereto, which modified the Company’s existing credit agreement, dated as of June 30, 2021 (as amended and supplemented, the “Corporate Credit Facility”). As of March 31, 2022, there was $350.0 million available for borrowing under the Corporate Credit Facility. Subject to conditions provided in the Corporate Credit Facility, the commitments under Corporate Credit Facility may be increased up to an additional $150.0 million if the lenders agree to increase their commitments or if the lenders agree for the increase to be funded by any additional lender proposed by the Company, through the OP. The Corporate Credit Facility will mature on June 30, 2025 with respect to the revolving commitments, unless the Company exercises its option to voluntarily and permanently reduce all of the revolving commitments before the maturity date or elects to exercise its right and option to extend the facility with respect to the revolving commitments for a single one-year term. As of March 31, 2023, there was $57.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding under the Corporate Credit Facility.
The Corporate Credit Facility is a non-recourse obligation and contains customary events of default, including defaults in the payment of principal or interest, defaults in compliance with the covenants contained in the document evidencing the loan, defaults in payments under any other security instrument, and bankruptcy or other insolvency events. As of March 31, 2023, the Company believes it is compliant with all provisions. For additional information regarding our Corporate Credit Facility, see Note 5.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through the OP, have entered into 11 interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank and two with SunTrust Bank (collectively the “Counterparties”) with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate swaps we have entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to $1.2 billion of our floating rate debt outstanding with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.0682%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 1.0682%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparties are obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. For purposes of hedge accounting under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, we have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. See Notes 5 and 6 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
The following table contains summary information regarding our outstanding interest rate swaps (dollars in thousands):
Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of March 31, 2023 for the next five calendar years subsequent to March 31, 2023. We used one-month LIBOR as of March 31, 2023 to calculate interest expense due by period on our floating rate debt and net interest expense due by period on our interest rate swaps.
Payments Due by Period (in thousands)
Operating Properties Mortgage Debt
Principal payments
-
555,156
40,814
55,125
62,132
58,451
68,593
270,041
2,108,630
41,040
55,516
239,505
348,775
1,355,201
Held For Sale Property Mortgage Debt
5,657
3,404
2,253
73,817
70,413
9,255
3,100
4,126
66,255
59,029
Total contractual obligations and commitments
2,248,702
47,544
130,055
298,534
Interest expense obligations includes the impact of expected settlements on interest rate swaps which have been entered into in order to fix the interest rate on the hedged portion of our floating rate debt obligations. As of March 31, 2023, we had entered into ten interest rate swap transactions with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion. We have allocated the total impact of expected settlements on the $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps to ‘Operating Properties Mortgage Debt.’ We used one-month LIBOR as of March 31, 2023 to determine our expected settlements through the terms of the interest rate swaps.
The Corporate Credit Facility will mature on June 30, 2025 with respect to the revolving commitments, unless the Company exercises its option to voluntarily and permanently reduce all of the revolving commitments before the maturity date or elects to exercise its right and option to extend the facility with respect to the revolving commitments for a single one-year term.
Advisory Agreement
Our Advisory Agreement requires that we pay our Adviser an annual advisory and administrative fee of 1.2%. The advisory and administrative fees paid to the Adviser on the Contributed Assets (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) are subject to an annual cap of approximately $5.4 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
NLMF Holdco, LLC
The Company’s agreement with NLMF Holdco, LLC may result in additional funding requirements to cover future project costs. The maximum exposure of potential commitments is expected to be no more than $4.0 million. We expect that these actions will provide faster, more reliable and lower cost internet to our residents. We expect to roll out this service to our other properties in the future. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has funded approximately $0.3 million to NLMF Holdco, LLC which is included in prepaid and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company incurred expenses of $0.1 million for fiber internet service which is included in property operating expenses on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Capital Expenditures and Value-Add Program
We anticipate incurring average annual repairs and maintenance expense of $575 to $725 per apartment unit in connection with the ongoing operations of our business. These expenditures are expensed as incurred. In addition, we reserve, on average,
43
approximately $250 to $350 per apartment unit for non-recurring capital expenditures and/or lender required replacement reserves. When incurred, these expenditures are either capitalized or expensed, in accordance with GAAP, depending on the type of the expenditure. Although we will continuously monitor the adequacy of this average, we believe these figures to be sufficient to maintain the properties at a high level in the markets in which we operate. A majority of the properties in our Portfolio were underwritten and acquired with the premise that we would invest $4,000 to $10,000 per unit in the first 36 months of ownership, in an effort to add value to the asset’s exterior and interiors. In many cases, we reserve cash at the closing of each acquisition to fund these planned capital expenditures and value-add improvements. As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $7.0 million of renovation value-add reserves for our planned capital expenditures and other expenses to implement our value-add program, which will complete approximately 924 planned interior rehabs. The following table sets forth a summary of our capital expenditures related to our value-add program for the (in thousands):
Rehab Expenditures
Interior
7,309
4,714
Exterior and common area
4,007
917
Total rehab expenditures
11,316
Includes total capital expenditures during the period on completed and in-progress interior rehabs. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we completed full and partial interior rehabs on 494 and 531 units, respectively.
We anticipate that we will continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
We evaluate the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” (greater than 50 percent probability) of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Our management is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. We have no examinations in progress and none are expected at this time.
We recognize our tax positions and evaluate them using a two-step process. First, we determine whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, we will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.
We had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of March 31, 2023. We and our subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2022, 2021 and 2020 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which our subsidiaries and we are subject. When applicable, we recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
44
We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments to holders of our common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments of all or substantially all of our taxable income to holders of our common stock out of assets legally available for this purpose, if and to the extent authorized by our Board. Before we make any dividend payments, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets, borrow funds or raise additional capital to make cash dividends or we may make a portion of the required dividend in the form of a taxable distribution of stock or debt securities.
We will make dividend payments based on our estimate of taxable earnings per share of common stock, but not earnings calculated pursuant to GAAP. Our dividends and taxable income and GAAP earnings will typically differ due to items such as depreciation and amortization, fair value adjustments, differences in premium amortization and discount accretion, and non-deductible general and administrative expenses. Our quarterly dividends per share may be substantially different than our quarterly taxable earnings and GAAP earnings per share. Our Board declared our first quarterly dividend of 2023 of $0.42 per share on February 17, 2023, which was paid on March 31, 2023 and funded out of cash flows from operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management’s historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider critical to understanding our financial condition or results of operations where there is uncertainty or where significant judgment is required. A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report.
Upon acquisition of a property considered to be an asset acquisition, the purchase price and related acquisition costs (“total consideration”) are allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and intangible lease assets based on relative fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 805.
The allocation of total consideration, which is determined using inputs that are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy established by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures (see Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements), is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value and is calculated by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value, which is estimated using inputs that are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt assumed.
45
Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The key inputs into our impairment analysis include, but are not limited to, the holding period, net operating income, and capitalization rates. In such cases, we will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. The Company’s impairment analysis identifies and evaluates events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, including determining the period the Company will hold the rental property, net operating income, and the estimated capitalization rate for each respective real estate investment.
Inflation
The real estate market has not been directly affected by inflation in the past several years due to increases in rents nationwide. The majority of our lease terms are for a period of one year or less and reset to market if renewed. The majority of our leases also contain protection provisions applicable to reimbursement billings for utilities. Due to the short-term nature of our leases, we do not believe our results will be materially affected.
Inflation may also affect the overall cost of debt, as the implied cost of capital increases. The Federal Reserve has raised interest rates in response to or in anticipation of continued inflation concerns. We intend to mitigate these risks through long-term fixed interest rate loans and interest rate hedges, which to date have included interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements.
REIT Tax Election
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and expect to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to our stockholders. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We believe we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of assets and liabilities that results from a change in market conditions. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to our indebtedness and counterparty credit risk with respect to our interest rate derivatives. In order to minimize counterparty credit risk, we enter into and expect to enter into hedging arrangements only with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings. As of March 31, 2023, we had total indebtedness of $1.7 billion at a weighted average interest rate of 6.26%, of which $1.6 billion was debt with a floating interest rate. As of March 31, 2023, interest rate swap agreements effectively covered 71% of our $1.6 billion of floating rate debt outstanding. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the total indebtedness, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.0682% for one-month LIBOR on the $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements that we have entered into as of March 31, 2023.
An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by us more costly. Rising interest rates could also limit our ability to refinance our debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. We may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings by means of interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate cap agreements we have entered into effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $1.4 billion of our floating rate mortgage debt at a weighted average rate of 5.82% for the term of the agreements, which is generally three to four years. We also expect to manage our exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and floating rates for our indebtedness.
In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through the OP, have entered into ten interest rate swap transactions with the Counterparties with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion. The interest rate swaps we have entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.0682%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 1.0682%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparties are obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. We have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.
Until our interest rates reach the caps provided by our interest rate cap agreements, each quarter point change in LIBOR would result in an approximate increase to annual interest expense costs on our floating rate indebtedness, reduced by any payments due from the Counterparties under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements we had entered into as of March 31, 2023, of the amounts illustrated in the table below for our indebtedness as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Change in Interest Rates
Annual Increase to Interest Expense
0.25%
1,051
0.50%
0.75%
3,153
1.00%
4,204
There is no assurance that we would realize such expense as such changes in interest rates could alter our liability positions or strategies in response to such changes.
We may also be exposed to credit risk in the derivative financial instruments we use. Credit risk is the failure of the Counterparties to perform under the terms of the derivative financial instruments. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is positive, the Counterparties will owe us, which creates credit risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is negative, we will owe the Counterparties and, therefore, do not have credit risk. We seek to minimize the credit risk in derivative financial instruments by entering into transactions with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. We have material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and are monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our President and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of March 31, 2023, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
We believe, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within a company have been detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, nor are we aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by government agencies.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023:
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Repurchase of Shares
On June 15, 2016, we announced that our Board authorized us to repurchase an indeterminate number of shares of our common stock at an aggregate market value of up to $30.0 million during a two-year period that was set to expire on June 15, 2018 (the “Share Repurchase Program”). On April 30, 2018, our Board increased the Share Repurchase Program from $30.0 million to up to $40.0 million and extended it by an additional two years to June 15, 2020. On March 13, 2020, the Board increased the Share Repurchase Program from $40.0 million to up to $100.0 million and extended it to March 12, 2023. On October 25, 2022, we announced that our Board authorized us to repurchase an indeterminate number of shares of our common stock at an aggregate market value of up to $100.0 million during a two-year period that will expire on October 24, 2024. This authorization replaced the Board’s prior authorization of the Share Repurchase Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased no shares of its common stock. Since the inception of the Share Repurchase Program through March 31, 2023, the Company had repurchased 2,550,628 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a total cost of approximately $72.3 million, or $28.36 per share as shown in the table below:
Period
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value
of Shares that may yet be
Purchased under the
Plans or Programs (in
millions)
Beginning Total
2,550,628
28.36
100.0
January 1 – January 31
February 1 – February 28
March 1 – March 31
Total as of March 31, 2023
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number
Description
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1+
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance Document (The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document)
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104*
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*
Filed herewith.
+
Furnished herewith.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Signature
Title
/s/ Jim Dondero
President and Director
April 27, 2023
Jim Dondero
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Brian Mitts
Chief Financial Officer and Director
Brian Mitts
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)