UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2012
Or
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-34416
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(818) 224-7442
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ¨ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 par value
PENNYMAC MORTGAGE INVESTMENT TRUST
FORM 10-Q
June 30, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
PENNYMAC MORTGAGE INVESTMENT TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
Cash
Short-term investments
United States Treasury security
Mortgage-backed securities at fair value
Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value
Mortgage loans at fair value
Mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans under forward purchase agreements
Mortgage servicing rights:
at lower of amortized cost or fair value
at fair value
Principal and interest collections receivable
Principal and interest collections receivable under forward purchase agreements
Interest receivable
Due from affiliates
Other assets
Total assets
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase:
Securities
Note payable secured by mortgage loans at fair value
Borrowings under forward purchase agreements
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Contingent underwriting fees payable
Payable to affiliates
Income taxes payable
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Common shares of beneficial interest—authorized, 500,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value; issued and outstanding, 41,466,369 and 28,404,554 common shares, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Investment Income
Net gain (loss) on investments:
Mortgage-backed securities
Mortgage loans
Interest income:
Net gain on mortgage loans acquired for sale
Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans
Net loan servicing fees
Other
Net investment income
Expenses
Loan fulfillment fees
Interest
Loan servicing
Management fees
Compensation
Professional services
Total expenses
Income before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income
Earnings per share
Basic
Diluted
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Dividends declared per share
2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Balance at December 31, 2010
Share-based compensation
Cash dividends declared, $0.42 per share
Proceeds from offerings of common shares
Underwriting and offering costs
Balance at June 30, 2011
Balance at December 31, 2011
Cash dividends declared, $1.10 per share
Balance at June 30, 2012
3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used by operating activities:
Net (gain) loss on mortgage-backed securities at fair value
Net gain on mortgage loans at fair value
Accrual of unearned discounts on mortgage-backed securities at fair value and capitalization of interest on mortgage loans at fair value
Net gain on mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value
Change in fair value and amortization of mortgage servicing rights
Amortization of credit facility commitment fees
Accrual of costs related to forward purchase agreements
Share-based compensation expense
Purchases of mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value
Sales of mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value
Increase in principal and interest collections receivable
Decrease in principal and interest collections receivable under forward purchase agreements
Increase in interest receivable
Increase in due from affiliates
Increase in other assets
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Increase in payable to affiliates
Increase in income taxes payable
Net cash used by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Net increase in short-term investments
Maturity of United States Treasury security
Purchases of mortgage-backed securities at fair value
Repayments of mortgage-backed securities at fair value
Sales of mortgage-backed securities at fair value
Purchases of mortgage loans at fair value
Repayments of mortgage loans at fair value
Sales of mortgage loans at fair value
Repayments of mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value
Purchases of real estate acquired in settlement of loans
Sales of real estate acquired in settlement of loans
Sales of real estate acquired in settlement of loans under forward purchase agreements
Purchases of mortgage servicing rights
Sales of mortgage servicing rights
Decrease (increase) in margin deposits and restricted cash
Net cash used by investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Sales of securities under agreements to repurchase
Repurchases of securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Sales of loans under agreements to repurchase
Repurchases of loans sold under agreements to repurchase
Sales of real estate acquired in settlement of loans financed under agreement to repurchase
Repurchases of real estate acquired in settlement of loans financed under agreements to repurchase
Repayments of note payable secured by mortgage loans at fair value
Repayments of borrowings under forward purchase agreements
Proceeds from issuance of common shares
Payment of underwriting and offering costs relating to issuance of common shares
Payment of dividends
Net cash provided by financing activities
Net increase in cash
Cash at beginning of period
Cash at end of period
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1—Organization and Basis of Presentation
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust (“PMT” or the “Company”) was organized in Maryland on May 18, 2009, and began operations on August 4, 2009, when it completed its initial offerings of common shares of beneficial interest (“shares”). The Company is a specialty finance company, which, through its subsidiaries (all of which are wholly-owned), invests primarily in residential mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets.
The Company is externally managed by an affiliate, PNMAC Capital Management, LLC (“PCM” or the “Manager”), an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that specializes in and focuses on residential mortgage loans. Under the terms of a management agreement, PCM is paid a management fee with a base component and a performance incentive component. Determination of the amount of management fees is discussed in Note 3—Transactions with Related Parties.
The Company’s objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to its investors over the long-term, principally through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. The Company intends to achieve this objective largely by investing in distressed mortgage assets and acquiring, pooling, securitizing or selling newly originated prime credit quality residential mortgage loans (“correspondent lending”).
The Company operates two segments: investment activities and correspondent lending. The investment activities segment focuses on mortgage assets that are acquired and held for investment purposes and the correspondent lending segment focuses on the purchase for resale of newly originated mortgage loans.
The investment activities segment represents the Company’s investments in distressed mortgage loans, real estate acquired in settlement of loans (“REO”), mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”). Management seeks to maximize the value of the distressed mortgage loans acquired by the Company through proprietary loan modification programs, special servicing and other initiatives focused on keeping borrowers in their homes. Where this is not possible, such as in the case of many nonperforming mortgage loans, the Company seeks to effect property resolution in a timely, orderly and economically efficient manner, including through the use of resolution alternatives to foreclosure.
The correspondent lending segment represents the Company’s operations aimed at serving as an intermediary between mortgage lenders and the capital markets by purchasing, pooling and reselling newly originated prime credit quality mortgage loans either directly or in the form of MBS, using the services of the Manager.
The Company believes that it qualifies, and has elected to be taxed, as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), beginning with its taxable period ended on December 31, 2009. To maintain its tax status as a REIT, the Company plans to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income in the form of qualifying distributions to shareholders.
The Company conducts substantially all of its operations and makes substantially all of its investments through its subsidiary, PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), and the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries. A subsidiary of the Company is the sole general partner, and the Company is the sole limited partner, of the Operating Partnership.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the SEC’s instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements and notes do not include all of the information required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The interim consolidated information should be read together with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (the “Annual Report”).
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Preparation of financial statements in compliance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results will likely differ from those estimates.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the periods ended June 30, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2012.
Note 2—Concentration of Risks
As discussed in Note 1—Organization and Basis of Presentation above, PMT’s investing activities are centered in real estate-related assets, a substantial portion of which are distressed at acquisition. Because of the Company’s investment strategy, many of the mortgage loans in its targeted asset class are purchased at discounts reflecting their distressed state or perceived higher risk of default, as well as a greater likelihood of collateral documentation deficiencies. Before the Company buys loans or other assets, PCM validates key information provided by the sellers that is necessary to determine the value of the acquired asset. A substantial portion of the distressed mortgage loans purchased by the Company has been acquired from or through one or more subsidiaries of Citigroup, Inc.
Through its management agreement with PCM and its loan servicing agreement with an affiliated company, PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS”), PMT works with borrowers to perform loss mitigation activities. Such activities include the use of loan modification programs (such as the U.S. Department of the Treasury and Housing and Urban Development’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”)) and workout options that PCM believes have the highest probability of successful resolution for both borrowers and PMT. Loan modification or resolution may include PMT accepting a reduction of the principal balances of certain mortgage loans in its investment portfolio. When loan modifications and other efforts are unable to cure distressed loans, the Company’s objective is to effect timely acquisition and liquidation of the property securing the mortgage loan.
Because of the Company’s investment focus, PMT is exposed, to a greater extent than traditional mortgage investors, to the risks that borrowers may be in economic distress and/or may have become unemployed, bankrupt or otherwise unable or unwilling to make payments when due, and to the effects of fluctuations in the residential real estate market on the performance of its investments. Factors influencing these risks include, but are not limited to:
changes in the overall economy, unemployment and residential real estate values in the markets where the properties securing the Company’s mortgage loans are located;
PCM’s ability to identify and the Company’s loan servicers’ ability to execute optimal resolutions of problem mortgage loans;
the accuracy of valuation information obtained during the Company’s due diligence activities;
PCM’s ability to effectively model, and to develop appropriate model assumptions that properly anticipate, future outcomes;
the level of government support for problem loan resolution and the effect of current and future proposed and enacted legislative and regulatory changes on the Company’s ability to service and effect cures or resolutions to distressed loans; and
regulatory, judicial and legislative support of the foreclosure process, and the resulting impact on the Company’s ability to acquire and liquidate the real estate securing its portfolio of distressed mortgage loans in a timely manner or at all.
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Due to these uncertainties, there can be no assurance that risk management activities identified and executed on PMT’s behalf will prevent significant losses arising from the Company’s investments in real estate-related assets.
On July 12, 2011 and December 20, 2011, the Company entered into forward purchase agreements with Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. (“CGM”), a subsidiary of Citigroup Inc., to purchase certain nonperforming residential mortgage loans and residential real property acquired in settlement of loans (collectively, the “CGM Assets”). The CGM Assets were acquired by CGM from unaffiliated money center banks. The commitment under the forward purchase commitment dated July 12, 2011 was settled during the quarter ended June 30, 2012. The initial purchase price under the forward commitment dated December 20, 2011 was $22.1 million. The remaining purchase price as of June 30, 2012 is $16.1 million. Remaining subsequent adjustments may increase the purchase price to $16.3 million based on the date the purchase is settled.
The Company also pays CGM a cost of carry on the CGM Assets pending purchase through the date such CGM Assets are ultimately acquired. The Company recognized the assets subject to the transactions and the related liabilities. The CGM Assets are serviced by PLS.
The CGM Assets are included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as Mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value and Real estate acquired in settlement of loans under forward purchase agreements and the related liabilities are included as Borrowings under forward purchase agreements. The CGM Assets are being held by CGM within a separate trust entity deemed a variable interest entity. The Company’s interest in the CGM Assets is deemed to be contractually segregated from all other interests in the trust. When assets are contractually segregated, they are often referred to as a “silo.” The silo consists of the CGM Assets and its related liability. The Company directs all of the activities that drive the economic results of the CGM Assets. All of the changes in the fair value and cash flows of the CGM Assets are attributable solely to the Company, and such cash flows can only be used to settle the related liability.
As a result of consolidating the silo, the Company’s consolidated statement of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 includes net gain on mortgage loans of $2.5 million and $9.2 million, interest income on mortgage loans of $348,000 and $0.8 million, interest expense of $0.8 million and $2.3 million and loan servicing fees of $460,000 and $1.0 million in each case attributable to the CGM Assets. The Company received repayments of mortgage loans totaling $5.3 million and $14.0 million and repaid borrowings under the forward purchase agreements totaling $113.2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012. The Company has no other variable interests in the trust entity, or other exposure to the creditors of the trust entity which could expose the Company to loss.
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company purchased $260.6 million of mortgage loans at fair value and real estate acquired in settlement of loans for its investment portfolio. All of the $260.6 million was purchased from or through one or more subsidiaries of Citigroup, Inc.
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company’s correspondent lending activities have been experiencing substantial growth. As a result of such growth, the Company’s correspondent lending segment contributed approximately 32% of PMT’s pre-tax income during the six months ended June 30, 2012 and the inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value represented approximately 25% of the Company’s investments at June 30, 2012.
Correspondent lending activities introduce different risks from those posed by investments in distressed assets. The Company’s correspondent lending activities and the MSRs that are held in the Company’s investment segment that the Company receives as proceeds from such correspondent lending sales are more sensitive to the level and volatility of interest rates. For example, a decline in mortgage rates generally increases the demand for home loans as borrowers refinance, but also generally leads to accelerated payoffs in the Company’s mortgage servicing portfolio, which have a negative effect on the value of MSRs.
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Management attempts to manage the sensitivity of earnings to the changes in market interest rates through the use of derivative financial instruments to moderate the effects of changes in the level and volatility of interest rates on the fair value of the Company’s inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value and commitments to purchase mortgage loans for sale. The Company does not presently use derivative financial instruments to moderate the effects on PMT’s earnings of changes in the fair value of its investment in MSRs.
The success of the Company’s interest rate risk management strategies depends in part on management’s ability to predict the earnings sensitivity of its loan servicing and loan production operations in various interest rate environments. There are many market factors that affect the performance of the Company’s interest rate risk management activities including interest rate volatility, the shape of the yield curve and the spread between mortgage interest rates and United States Treasury or swap rates. The success of this strategy affects PMT’s net income and the effect can be either positive or negative, and can be material to the Company.
The correspondent lending segment’s ability to sell loans profitably is affected by many factors, including the relative demands for such loans and MBS evidencing interests in such loans, the cost of credit enhancements and interest rate risk management, investor perceptions of such loans and MBS and the risks posed by such products.
Note 3—Transactions with Related Parties
The Company is managed externally by PCM under the terms of a management agreement that expires on August 4, 2012 and will be automatically renewed for a one-year term on the date thereof and each anniversary date thereafter unless previously terminated. The management agreement provides for an annual review of PCM’s performance under the management agreement by the Company’s independent trustees. PMT’s board of trustees reviews the Company’s financial results, policy compliance and strategic direction.
As more fully described in the Company’s Annual Report, certain of the underwriting costs incurred in the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) were paid on PMT’s behalf by PCM and a portion of the underwriting discount was deferred by agreement with the underwriters of the offering. PMT will reimburse PCM the underwriting costs as discussed in Note 25—Shareholders’ Equity.
PMT pays PCM a base management fee and may pay a performance incentive fee, both payable quarterly and in arrears.
Following is a summary of management fee expense and the related liability recorded by the Company for the periods presented:
Base management fee
Performance incentive fee
Total management fee incurred during the period
Fee paid during the period
Fee outstanding at beginning of period
Fee outstanding at period end
The management fees are more fully described in Note 4—Transactions with Related Parties to the Company’s Annual Report. Effective May 16, 2012, the Company amended its management agreement with PCM to change the way shareholders’ equity is measured for purposes of calculating the base component of its management fee. Previously, the measure of shareholders’ equity excluded unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items reflected in the Company’s financial statements. The management agreement was amended to
8
base the management fee on shareholders’ equity computed using US GAAP. The method of measuring the performance incentive fee was not changed. The purpose of the amendment was to better align the Manager’s base management fee with the Company’s investment strategy, which, in the pursuit of attractive investment opportunities, has evolved to include nonperforming mortgage loans that generate unrealized gains and correspondent lending activity that produces non-cash income through the retention of mortgage servicing rights created in the sales transactions. The amendment is expected to increase the amount of the base management fee payable by the Company to the Manager.
The Company, through its Operating Partnership, also has a loan servicing agreement with PLS. Servicing fee rates are based on the risk characteristics of the mortgage loans serviced and total servicing compensation is established at levels that management believes are competitive with those charged by other servicers or specialty servicers, as applicable.
Servicing fee rates for nonperforming loans are expected to range between 30 and 100 basis points per year on the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage loans serviced on the Company’s behalf. PLS is also entitled to certain customary market-based fees and charges, including boarding and deboarding fees, liquidation and disposition fees, assumption, modification and origination fees and late charges, as well as interest on funds on deposit in custodial accounts. In the event PLS either effects a refinancing of a loan on the Company’s behalf and not through a third party lender and the resulting loan is readily saleable, or originates a loan to facilitate the disposition of real estate that the Company has acquired in settlement of a loan, PLS is entitled to receive market-based fees and compensation from the Company.
PLS, on behalf of the Company, currently participates in HAMP (and other similar mortgage loan modification programs), which establishes standard loan modification guidelines for “at risk” homeowners and provides incentive payments to certain participants, including loan servicers, for achieving modifications and successfully remaining in the program. The loan servicing agreement entitles PLS to retain any incentive payments made to it and to which it is entitled under HAMP; provided, however, that with respect to any such incentive payments paid to PLS under HAMP in connection with a mortgage loan modification for which the Company previously paid PLS a modification fee, PLS shall reimburse the Company an amount equal to the lesser of such modification fee or such incentive payments.
In connection with the mortgage servicing rights acquired in the Company’s correspondent lending business, through which the Company acquires mortgage loans originated by correspondent lenders for resale to the government-sponsored agencies such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or securitization through Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) (Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae are each referred to as an “Agency” and, collectively, as the “Agencies”) and other investors, PLS is entitled to base subservicing fees, which range from 5 to 20 basis points per year of the unpaid principal balance of such loans, and other customary market-based fees and charges as described above.
Pursuant to the terms of a mortgage banking services agreement, PLS also provides certain mortgage banking services, including fulfillment and disposition-related services, to the Company for a fulfillment fee based on a percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage loans to be sold to non-affiliates where the Company is approved or licensed to sell to such non-affiliate. The fulfillment fee for such services is currently 50 basis points. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded fulfillment fees totaling $7.7 million and $13.8 million, respectively. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company recorded fulfillment fees totaling $61,000 and $73,000, respectively.
The Company collects interest income and a sourcing fee of three basis points for each mortgage loan it purchases from a correspondent and sells to PLS for ultimate disposition to a third party where the Company is not approved or licensed to sell to such third party. During the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company sold loans to PLS with unpaid balances totaling approximately $2.4 billion and $38.3 million and received sourcing fees totaling approximately $701,000 and $12,000, respectively. The Company held mortgage loans pending sale to PLS with unpaid balances totaling approximately $95.9 million and $44.2 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
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The Company paid servicing and other fees to PLS as described above and as provided in its loan servicing agreement and recorded other expenses, including common overhead expenses incurred on its behalf by PCM and its affiliates, in accordance with the terms of its management agreement. Following is a summary of those expenses for the periods presented:
Loan servicing fees payable to PLS
Fulfillment fees payable to PLS
Reimbursement of expenses incurred on PMT’s behalf
Reimbursement of common overhead incurred by PCM and its affiliates
Payments during the period
Amounts due to affiliates are summarized below as of the dates presented:
Contingent offering costs
Management fee
Other expenses
Correspondent lending pass-through items
Amounts due from affiliates totaled $8.3 million and $347,000 at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and represent amounts receivable pursuant to loan sales to PLS and reimbursable expenses paid on the affiliates’ behalf by the Company.
PCM’s parent company, Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC, held 75,000 of the Company’s common shares of beneficial interest at both June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
Note 4—Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is determined using net income divided by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming all potentially dilutive common shares were issued. In periods in which the Company records a loss, potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation, as their effect on loss per share is anti-dilutive.
The Company makes grants of restricted share units which entitle the recipients to receive dividend equivalents during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common shares. For purposes of calculating earnings per share, unvested share-based compensation awards containing non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”) are classified as “participating securities” and are included in the basic earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common shares and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
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The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the periods presented:
Basic earnings per share:
Effect of participating securities—share-based compensation instruments
Net income attributable to common shareholders
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share:
Dilutive potential common shares—shares issuable undershare-based compensation plan
Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
Diluted earnings per common share
Note 5—Loan Sales
The Company purchases and sells mortgage loans into the secondary mortgage market without recourse for credit losses. However the Company maintains continuing involvement with the loans in the form of servicing or subservicing arrangements and the potential liability under representations and warranties it makes to purchasers and insurers of the loans.
The following table summarizes cash flows between the Company and transferees upon sale of loans in transactions whereby the Company maintains continuing involvement with the mortgage loan and period-end information relating to such loans:
Cash flows:
Proceeds from sales
Service fees received
Period-end information:
Unpaid principal balance of loans outstanding at period-end
Loans delinquent 30-89 days
Loans delinquent 90 or more days or in foreclosure or bankruptcy
Note 6—Fair Value
The Company’s financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured based on their estimated fair values. The application of fair value estimates may be on a recurring or nonrecurring basis depending on the accounting principles applicable to the specific asset or liability and whether management has elected to carry the item at its estimated fair value as discussed in the following paragraphs.
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Fair Value Accounting Elections
Management identified all of its financial assets, including short-term investments, United States Treasury security, MBS, and mortgage loans as well as its securities sold under agreements to repurchase and its MSRs relating to loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5% that were acquired as a result of its correspondent lending operations to be accounted for at estimated fair value so such changes in fair value will be reflected in income as they occur and more timely reflect the results of the Company’s investment performance.
For MSRs relating to mortgage loans with initial interest rates of less than or equal to 4.5% that were acquired as a result of the Company’s correspondent lending operations, management has concluded that such assets present different risks to the Company than MSRs relating to mortgage loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5% and therefore require a different risk management approach. Management’s risk management efforts relating to these assets are aimed at moderating the effects of non-interest rate risks on fair value, such as the effect of changes in home prices on the assets’ values. Management has identified these assets for accounting using the amortization method. Management’s risk management efforts in connection with MSRs relating to mortgage loans with initial interest rates of more than 4.5% are aimed at moderating the effects of changes in interest rates on the assets’ values.
For loans sold under agreements to repurchase subject to agreements made beginning in December 2010, REO financed through agreements to repurchase beginning in June 2011 and borrowings under forward purchase agreements beginning in July 2011, management has determined that historical cost accounting is more appropriate because under this method debt issuance costs are spread over the term of the debt, thereby matching the debt issuance expense to the periods benefiting from the usage of the debt.
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Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Following is a summary of financial statement items that are measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates presented:
Assets:
MSRs at fair value
Derivative financial instruments
Liabilities:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
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The Company’s short-term investments, including United States Treasury securities and cash balances were measured using Level 1 inputs. The Company’s non-Agency MBS, mortgage loans at fair value, mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value, MSRs and securities sold under agreements to repurchase were measured using Level 3 inputs on a recurring basis. The following is a summary of changes in those items for the periods presented:
Balance, March 31, 2012
Purchases
Repayments
Sales
Addition of unpaid interest, impound advances and fees to unpaid balance of mortgage loans
Accrual of unearned discounts
MSRs received as proceeds from sales of mortgage loans
Changes in fair value included in income arising from:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
Other factors
Transfer of mortgage loans to REO
Transfer of mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements
Transfer of mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements to REO under forward purchase agreements
Transfer of mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements to mortgage loans
Balance, June 30, 2012
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at June 30, 2012
Accumulated changes in fair value relating to assets still held at June 30, 2012
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Changes in fair value included in income
Repurchases
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to liabilities still outstanding at June 30, 2012
Balance, March 31, 2011
Balance, June 30, 2011
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at June 30, 2011
Accumulated changes in fair value relating to assets still held at June 30, 2011
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to liabilities still outstanding at June 30, 2011
15
Balance, December 31, 2011
Transfer from mortgage loans acquired for sale
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Balance, December 31, 2010
17
Following are the fair values and related principal amounts due upon maturity of mortgage loans accounted for under the fair value option (including mortgage loans acquired for sale, mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value) as of the dates presented:
Mortgage loans acquired for sale:
Current through 89 days delinquent
90 or more days delinquent (1)
Other mortgage loans at fair value (2):
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Following are the changes in fair value included in current period income by consolidated statements of income line item for financial statement items accounted for under the fair value option:
Mortgage servicing rights at fair value
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase at fair value
19
20
Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Following is a summary of financial statement items that are measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of the dates presented:
Real estate asset acquired in settlement of loans
Real estate asset acquired in settlement of loans under forward purchase agreements
MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value
The following table summarizes the total gains (losses) on assets measured at estimated fair values on a nonrecurring basis for the periods indicated:
Mortgage servicing assets at lower of amortized cost or fair value
Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans
The Company measures its investment in REO at the respective properties’ estimated fair values less cost to sell on a nonrecurring basis. The value of the REO is initially established as the lesser of either (a) the fair value of the loan at the date of transfer, (b) the fair value of the real estate less estimated costs to sell as of the date of transfer or (c) the purchase price of the property. REO may be subsequently revalued due to the Company receiving greater access to the property, the property being held for an extended period or management receiving indications that the property’s value may not be supported by developing market conditions. Any subsequent change in fair value to a level that is less than or equal to the value at which the property was initially recorded is recognized in Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans in the consolidated statements of income.
Mortgage Servicing Rights at Lower of Amortized Cost or Fair Value
The Company evaluates its MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value for impairment with reference to the assets’ fair value. For purposes of performing its MSR impairment evaluation, the Company stratifies its MSRs at lower of amortized cost or fair value based on the interest rates borne by the mortgage loans underlying
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the MSRs. Mortgage loans are grouped into note rate pools of 50 basis points for fixed-rate mortgage loans with note rates between 3% and 4.5% and a single pool for mortgage loans with note rates below 3%. MSRs relating to adjustable rate mortgage loans with initial interest rates of 4.5% or less are evaluated in a single pool. If the fair value of MSRs in any of the note rate pools is below the carrying value of the MSRs for that pool reduced by any existing valuation allowance, those MSRs are impaired.
When MSRs are impaired, the impairment is recognized in current-period earnings and the carrying value of the MSRs is adjusted using a valuation allowance. If the value of the MSRs subsequently increases, the restoration of value is recognized in current period earnings only to the extent of the valuation allowance.
Management periodically reviews the various impairment strata to determine whether the value of the impaired MSRs in a given stratum is likely to recover. When management deems recovery of the value to be unlikely in the foreseeable future, a write-down of the cost of the MSRs for that stratum to its estimated fair value is charged to the valuation allowance.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Amortized Cost
The Company has debt facilities to finance its investment in nonperforming loans and REO in the form of repurchase agreements and borrowings under forward purchase agreements. As discussed in Fair Value Accounting Elections above, management designated these agreements to be accounted for at amortized cost.
Management has concluded that the estimated fair values of Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value sold under agreements to repurchase, Mortgage loans at fair value sold under agreements to repurchase, Real estate acquired in settlement of loans financed under agreements to repurchase, Note payable secured by mortgage loans at fair value and Borrowings under forward purchase agreements approximate the agreements’ carrying values due to the agreements’ short terms and variable interest rates. These financial instruments do not have two-way markets and the fair value is measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. We have classified these financial instrument as Level 3 as of June 30, 2012 due to the lack of current market activity and our reliance on unobservable inputs to estimate the fair value.
Valuation Process, Techniques and Assumptions
Most of the Company’s assets are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period results of operations. A substantial portion of those assets are “Level 3” financial statement items which require the use of significant unobservable inputs in the estimation of the assets’ values. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available under the circumstances.
The Manager has assigned the responsibility for estimating the fair values of “Level 3” financial statement items to a specialized valuation group and has developed procedures and controls governing the valuation process relating to these assets. The estimation of fair values of the Company’s financial assets are assigned to the Manager’s Financial Analysis and Valuation group (the “FAV group”), which is responsible for valuing and monitoring the Company’s investment portfolios and maintenance of its valuation policies and procedures.
The FAV group reports to the Manager’s senior management valuation committee, which oversees and approves the valuations. The valuation committee includes the chief executive, financial, investment and credit officers of the Manager. The FAV group monitors the models used for valuation of the Company’s “Level 3” financial statement items, including the models’ performance versus actual results and reports those results to the valuation committee. The results developed in the FAV group’s monitoring activities are used to calibrate subsequent projections used for valuation.
The FAV group is responsible for reporting to the valuation committee on a monthly basis on the changes in the valuation of the portfolio, including major drivers affecting the valuation and any changes in model methods
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and assumptions. To assess the reasonableness of its valuations, the FAV group presents an analysis of the effect on the valuation of each of the changes to the significant inputs to the models.
The following describes the methods used in estimating the fair values of Level 2 and Level 3 financial statement items:
Mortgage-Backed Securities
MBS values are presently determined based on whether the securities are issued by one of the Agencies as discussed below:
Agency MBS are categorized as “Level 2” financial statement items. Fair value of Agency MBS is estimated based on quoted market prices for similar securities.
Non-Agency MBS are categorized as “Level 3” financial statement items. Fair value of non-Agency MBS is estimated using broker indications of value. For indications of value received, the FAV group and a separate Capital Markets group review the price indications provided by non-affiliate brokers for completeness, accuracy and consistency across all similar MBS managed by PCM. Bond-level analytics such as yield, weighted average life and projected prepayment and default speeds of the underlying collateral are computed. The reasonableness of the brokers’ indications of value and of changes in value from period to period is evaluated in light of the analytical review performed and considering market conditions. The review of the FAV group is reported to PCM’s valuation committee as part of its review and approval of monthly valuation results. PCM has not adjusted, and does not intend to adjust, its fair value estimates to amounts different than the brokers’ indications of value.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s non-Agency MBS are discount rates, prepayment speeds, default speeds and loss severities in the event of default (or “collateral remaining loss percentage”). Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change in fair value measurement. Changes in these assumptions are not directly correlated, as they may be separately affected by changes in collateral characteristics and performance, servicer behavior, legal and regulatory actions, economic and housing market data and market sentiment.
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Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used by the FAV group to evaluate the reasonableness of the fair value of Level 3MBS:
Security Class
Key Inputs(1)
Non-Agency subprime
Non-Agency Alt-A
Non-Agency prime jumbo
Mortgage Loans
Fair value of mortgage loans is estimated based on whether the mortgage loans are saleable into active markets with established counterparties and transparent pricing:
Mortgage loans that are saleable into active markets, comprised of the Company’s mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value, are categorized as “Level 2” financial statement items and their fair values are estimated using their quoted market or contracted price or market price equivalent.
Loans that are not saleable into active markets, comprised of the Company’s mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value, are categorized as “Level 3” financial statement items, and their fair values are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model include current interest rates, loan amount, payment status and property type, and forecasts of future interest rates, home prices, prepayment speeds, default and loss severities. The valuation process includes the computation by stratum of loan
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population and a review for reasonableness of various measures such as weighted average life, projected prepayment and default speeds, and projected default and loss percentages. The FAV group computes the effect on the valuation of changes in input variables such as interest rates, home prices, and delinquency status to assess the reasonableness of changes in the loan valuation. The results of the estimates of fair value of “Level 3” mortgage loans are reported to PCM’s valuation committee as part of its review and approval of monthly valuation results.
Changes in fair value attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk are measured by the change in the respective loan’s delinquency status at period-end from the later of the beginning of the period or acquisition date.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value are discount rate, home price projections, voluntary prepayment speeds and default speeds. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the loans’ fair value measurement. Increases in home price projections are generally accompanied by an increase in voluntary prepayment speeds.
Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used in the valuation of mortgage loans at fair value:
Key Inputs
Discount rate
Twelve-month projected housing price index change
Prepayment speed(1)
Total prepayment speed (2)
Mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements
(17.1)%
(0.5)%
(0.8)%
Total prepayment speed(2)
(32.7)%
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company estimates the fair value of an interest rate lock commitment based on quoted Agency MBS prices, its estimate of the fair value of the mortgage servicing rights it expects to receive in the sale of the loans and the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitment. The Company estimates the fair value of commitments to sell loans based on quoted MBS prices. The Company estimates the fair value of the MBS options and futures it purchases and sells based on observed interest rate volatilities in the MBS market. The Company estimates the fair value of its MBS interest rate swaptions based on quoted market prices.
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REO is measured based on its fair value on a nonrecurring basis and is categorized as a “Level 3” financial statement item. Fair value of REO is determined by using a current estimate of value from a broker’s price opinion or a full appraisal, or the price given in a current contract of sale.
REO values are reviewed by PCM’s staff appraisers when the Company obtains multiple indications of value and there is a significant difference among the values received. PCM’s staff appraisers will attempt to resolve such difference. In circumstances where the appraisers are not able to generate adequate data to support a value conclusion, the staff appraisers will order an additional appraisal to resolve the property’s value.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
MSRs are categorized as “Level 3” financial statement items. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. The key assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include prepayment and default rates of the underlying loans, the applicable discount rate, and cost to service loans. The key assumptions used in the Company’s discounted cash flow model are based on market factors which management believes are consistent with assumptions and data used by market participants valuing similar MSRs. The results of the estimates of fair value of MSRs are reported to PCM’s valuation committee as part of their review and approval of monthly valuation results.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s MSRs are pricing spreads, prepayment speeds (or life) and annual per-loan cost of servicing. Significant changes to any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change in the MSR fair value measurement. Changes in these key assumptions are not necessarily directly related.
Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of MSRs at the time of initial recognition:
Pricing spread (1)
Life (in years)
(6.4)
(6.3)
(6.1)
Annual total prepayment speed(2)
Annual per-loan cost of servicing
The Company’s amount of mortgage servicing rights as of June 30, 2011 was negligible.
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Following is a quantitative summary of key assumptions used in the valuation of MSRs, and the effect on the estimated fair value from adverse changes in those assumptions as of the dates presented (weighted averages are based upon unpaid principal balance or fair value where applicable):
Pricing spread(1)
Effect on value of 5% adverse change
Effect on value of 10% adverse change
Effect on value of 20% adverse change
Average life (in years)
(5.7)
(6.7)
(5.3)
Prepayment speed(2)
The preceding sensitivity analyses are limited in that they were performed as of a particular point in time; only contemplate the movements in the indicated variables; do not incorporate changes in the variables in relation to other variables; are subject to the accuracy of various models and inputs used; and do not take into account other factors that would affect the Company’s overall financial performance in such scenarios, including operational adjustments made by management to account for changing circumstances. For these reasons, the preceding estimates should not be viewed as earnings forecasts.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase is based on the accrued cost of the agreements, which approximates the agreements’ fair values, due to the agreements’ short maturities and variable interest rates.
Note 7—Short-Term Investments
The Company’s short-term investments are comprised of money market accounts deposited with U.S. commercial banks.
Note 8—United States Treasury Security
The Company’s investment in a United States Treasury security of $50.0 million as of December 31, 2011 matured on January 19, 2012 and had a coupon interest rate of 0.00%.
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Note 9—Mortgage-Backed Securities at Fair Value
Investments in MBS were as follows as of the dates presented:
Security collateral type
Agency:
FNMA 30-year fixed
Non-Agency:
All of the Company’s MBS had remaining contractual maturities of more than ten years at June 30, 2012 and at December 31, 2011. At June 30, 2012 and at December 31, 2011, the Company had pledged all of its MBS to secure agreements to repurchase.
After June 30, 2012, the Company sold all of its MBS backed by non-Agency mortgage loans and recorded a loss on sale of $30,000. Management intends to reinvest the proceeds on sale of these securities into REIT-eligible assets.
Note 10—Mortgage Loans Acquired for Sale at Fair Value
Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value is comprised of recently originated mortgage loans purchased by the Company for resale. Following is a distribution of the Company’s mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value as of the dates presented:
Loan Type
Government insured or guaranteed
Fixed-rate:
Agency-eligible
Jumbo loans
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The Company is not approved by Ginnie Mae as an issuer of securities backed by government insured or guaranteed loans. As discussed in Note 3 – Transactions with Related Parties, the Company transfers such government insured or guaranteed loans that it purchases from correspondent lenders to PLS, which is a Ginnie Mae-approved issuer, for a sourcing fee of three basis points on the unpaid principal balance of each such loan.
Mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value totaling $459.6 million and $231.7 million were pledged to secure sales of loans under agreements to repurchase at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
Note 11—Derivative Financial Instruments
Following is a summary of the distribution of the Company’s derivative financial instruments which are included inOther assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:
Instrument
Interest rate lock commitments
Hedging derivatives:
MBS put options
MBS call options
MBS swaptions
Liability:
Forward sales contracts
The Company is exposed to price risk arising from changes in market interest rates relative to its mortgage loans acquired for sale, to the commitments it makes to acquire loans from correspondent lenders and to the holding of Agency MBS. The Company bears price risk from the time a commitment to purchase a loan is made to a correspondent lender to the time the purchased mortgage loan is sold. During these periods, the Company is exposed to losses if mortgage interest rates rise, because the value of the purchase commitment or mortgage loan acquired for sale declines. Similarly, the Company bears price risk relative to its holdings of Agency MBS during the period it holds such securities.
The Company engages in interest rate risk management activities in an effort to reduce the variability of earnings caused by changes in market interest rates. To manage this price risk resulting from interest rate risk, the Company uses derivative financial instruments acquired with the intention of moderating the risk that changes in market interest rates will result in unfavorable changes in the value of the Company’s interest rate lock commitments, inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale and Agency MBS. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for purposes other than in support of its risk management activities.
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The following table summarizes the notional amount activity for derivative contracts used to hedge the Company’s interest rate lock commitments, inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale and Agency MBS at notional value:
Quarter ended June 30, 2012
Six months ended June 30, 2012
The Company did not have significant activity in derivative financial instruments during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011.
As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company had $7.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, on deposit with its derivatives counterparties. Margin deposits are included in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
Note 12—Mortgage Loans at Fair Value
Mortgage loans at fair value are comprised of mortgage loans not acquired for resale. Such loans may be sold at a later date pursuant to a management determination that such a sale represents the most advantageous liquidation strategy for the identified loan.
Following is a summary of the distribution of the Company’s mortgage loans at fair value as of the dates presented:
Nonperforming loans
Performing loans:
Fixed
ARM/hybrid
Interest rate step-up
Balloon
At June 30, 2012, approximately 68% of the mortgage loan portfolio consisted of mortgage loans that were originated between 2005 and 2007. Approximately 68% of the estimated fair value of the mortgage loans in this portfolio was comprised of loans with unpaid-principal-balance-to-current-property-value ratios in excess of 100% at June 30, 2012.
The mortgage loan portfolio consists of mortgage loans originated throughout the United States with loans secured by California real estate comprising approximately 22% of the loan portfolio’s estimated fair value at June 30, 2012. The mortgage loan portfolio contained loans from New York, Florida and New Jersey that each represented 5% or more of the portfolio’s estimated fair value at June 30, 2012.
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At December 31, 2011, approximately 72% of the mortgage loan portfolio consisted of mortgage loans that were originated between 2005 and 2007. Approximately 72% of the estimated fair value of the mortgage loans in this portfolio was comprised of loans with unpaid-principal-balance-to-current-property-value ratios in excess of 100% at December 31, 2011.
The mortgage loan portfolio consisted of mortgage loans originated throughout the United States with loans secured by California real estate that comprised approximately 24% of the loan portfolio’s estimated fair value at December 31, 2011. The mortgage loan portfolio contained loans from New York, Florida and New Jersey that each represented 5% or more of the portfolio’s estimated fair value at December 31, 2011.
At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, mortgage loans in the portfolio with fair values totaling $827.6 million and $656.4 million, respectively, were pledged to secure sales of loans under agreements to repurchase and mortgage loans with fair values totaling $1.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, were held in a consolidated subsidiary of the Company whose stock was pledged to secure financing of the mortgage loans held in that subsidiary.
Note 13—Mortgage Loans Under Forward Purchase Agreements at Fair Value
Mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value are comprised of mortgage loans not acquired for resale. Such loans may be sold at a later date pursuant to a management determination that such a sale represents the most advantageous liquidation strategy for the identified loan.
Following is a summary of the distribution of the Company’s mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value as of the periods presented:
At June 30, 2012, approximately 87% of the estimated fair value of the mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements consisted of mortgage loans that were originated between 2005 and 2007. Approximately 85% of the estimated fair value of the mortgage loans in this portfolio was comprised of loans with unpaid-principal-balance-to-current-property-value ratios in excess of 100% at June 30, 2012.
Mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements consists of mortgage loans originated throughout the United States with loans secured by California real estate comprising approximately 29% of the loan portfolio’s estimated fair value at June 30, 2012. The mortgage loan portfolio contained loans from Florida, New York and New Jersey that each represented 5% or more of the portfolio’s estimated fair value at June 30, 2012.
At December 31, 2011, approximately 74% of the estimated fair value of the mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements consisted of mortgage loans that were originated between 2005 and 2007. Approximately 74% of the estimated fair value of the mortgage loans in this portfolio was comprised of loans with unpaid-principal-balance-to-current-property-value ratios in excess of 100% at December 31, 2011.
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Mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements consists of mortgage loans originated throughout the United States with loans secured by California real estate that comprised approximately 33% of the loan portfolio’s estimated fair value at December 31, 2011. The mortgage loan portfolio contained loans from Florida, New York and New Jersey that each represented 5% or more of the portfolio’s estimated fair value at December 31, 2011.
At both June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the entire balance of mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements was subject to borrowings under forward purchase agreements.
Note 14—Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans
Following is a summary of the activity in REO for the periods presented:
Balance at beginning of period
Transfers from mortgage loans at fair value and advances
Transfers from REO under forward purchase agreements
Results of REO:
Valuation adjustments, net
Gain on sale, net
Sale proceeds
Balance at period end
At June 30, 2012, REO with carrying values totaling $3.5 million was financed under agreements to repurchase and $41.9 million was held in a consolidated subsidiary of the Company whose stock was pledged to secure financing of the real estate held in that subsidiary. At December 31, 2011, REO with carrying values totaling $5.8 million was financed under agreements to repurchase and $54.2 million was held in a consolidated subsidiary of the Company whose stock was pledged to secure financing of the real estate held in that subsidiary.
Note 15—Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans Under Forward Purchase Agreements
Following is a summary of the activity in REO under forward purchase agreements for the periods presented:
Transfers from mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value and advances
Transfers to REO
Results of REO under forward purchase agreements:
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At June 30, 2012, REO under forward purchase agreements totaling $797,000 were subject to borrowings under forward purchase agreements. The Company did not have REO under forward purchase agreements during the periods ended June 30, 2011.
Note 16—Mortgage Servicing Rights
Carried at Fair Value:
The activity in MSRs carried at fair value is as follows:
Additions:
MSRs resulting from loan sales
Total additions
Change in fair value:
Due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in valuation model(1)
Other changes in fair value(2)
Carried at Amortized Cost:
The activity in MSRs carried at amortized cost is summarized below for the periods presented:
Mortgage Servicing Rights:
Amortization
Application of valuation allowance to write down MSRs with other-than temporary impairment
Balance before valuation allowance at period end
Valuation Allowance for Impairment of Mortgage Servicing Rights:
Additions
Mortgage Servicing Rights, net
Estimated Fair Value of MSRs at Period End
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Gain on sale of MSRs carried at amortized cost is included in other income.
The following table summarizes the Company’s estimate of amortization of its existing MSRs carried at amortized cost. This projection was developed using the assumptions made by management in its June 30, 2012 valuation of MSRs, which will change as market conditions and portfolio composition and behavior vary. Therefore, both actual and projected amortization levels will differ from this projection. Therefore, the following estimates will change over time in a manner and amount not presently determinable by management.
12-month period ended June 30,
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Thereafter
Total
Note 17—Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase at Fair Value
Following is a summary of financial information relating to securities sold under agreements to repurchase at fair value as of and for the periods presented:
Period end balance
Weighted-average interest rate at end of period
Weighted-average interest rate during the period
Average balance of securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Maximum daily amount outstanding
Total interest expense
Fair value of securities securing agreements to repurchase at period end
The repurchase agreements collateralized by securities have an average term of 66 days. At June 30, 2012, all MBS owned by the Company were pledged under the repurchase agreements and such pledged securities were held by the buyer. All agreements collateralized by MBS are to repurchase the same or substantially identical securities.
The amount at risk (the fair value of the securities pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to the Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase is summarized by counterparty below as of June 30, 2012:
Counterparty
Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
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All securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions maturing before the date of issuance of these financial statements have been refinanced by renewing the agreements at maturity or have been repaid through settlement upon sale of the securities financed under the respective agreement.
The Company is subject to margin calls during the period the agreements are outstanding and therefore may be required to repay a portion of the borrowings before the respective agreements mature if the value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the MBS or mortgage loans securing those agreements decreases.
As of June 30, 2012, the Company did not have any amount on deposit with its securities repurchase agreement counterparties. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had $3.8 million on deposit with its securities repurchase agreement counterparties. Margin deposits are included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
After June 30, 2012, securities with fair values totaling $53.2 million as of June 30, 2012, representing all of the Company’s investment in MBS backed by non-Agency mortgage loans, were sold. Accordingly, the Company repaid repurchase agreements with balances totaling $47.6 million as of June 30, 2012 as part of the settlement of the sale of those securities.
Note 18—Mortgage Loans Acquired for Sale Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Following is a summary of financial information relating to mortgage loans acquired for sale sold under agreements to repurchase as of and for the periods presented:
Period end:
Balance
Unused amount(1)
Weighted-average interest rate during the period (2)
Average balance of loans sold under agreements to repurchase
Fair value of mortgage loans acquired for sale securing agreements to repurchase at period end
The repurchase agreements collateralized by loans have an average remaining term of approximately 6.8 months at June 30, 2012.
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Following is a summary of maturities of repurchase agreements by maturity date:
Remaining Maturity at June 30, 2012
Within 30 days
Over 30 to 90 days
Over 90 days to 180 days
Over 180 days to 1 year
The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to the Company’s mortgage loans acquired for sale sold under agreements to repurchase is summarized by counterparty below as of June 30, 2012:
Citibank
Bank of America, N.A.
The Company is subject to margin calls during the period the agreements are outstanding and therefore may be required to repay a portion of the borrowings before the respective agreements mature if the value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the mortgage loans securing those agreements decreases. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company had $2.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively, on deposit with its loan repurchase agreement counterparties. Margin deposits are included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Note 19—Mortgage Loans at Fair Value Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Following is a summary of financial information relating to mortgage loans at fair value sold under agreements to repurchase as of and for the periods presented:
Fair value of mortgage loans at fair value and REO securing agreements to repurchase at period end
The repurchase agreements collateralized by loans have a weighted average remaining term of approximately 9.1 months at June 30, 2012.
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The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to the Company’s mortgage loans at fair value sold under agreements to repurchase is summarized by counterparty below as of June 30, 2012:
Citibank, N.A.
The Company is subject to margin calls during the period the agreements are outstanding and therefore may be required to repay a portion of the borrowings before the respective agreements mature if the value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the loans securing those agreements decreases. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company had $510,000 and $471,000, respectively, on deposit with its loan repurchase agreement counterparties. Margin deposits are included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Note 20—Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans Financed Under Agreements to Repurchase
Following is a summary of financial information relating to REO financed under agreements to repurchase as of and for the periods presented:
Weighted-average interest rate during the period(2)
Average balance of REO sold under agreements to repurchase
Fair value of REO held in a consolidated subsidiary whose stock is pledged to secure agreements to repurchase at period end
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The repurchase agreement pursuant to which the Company finances REO has a remaining term of approximately 11.2 months at June 30, 2012.
The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to the Company’s REO held in a consolidated subsidiary, the stock of which is pledged to secure agreements to repurchase, is summarized by counterparty below as of June 30, 2012:
The Company is subject to margin calls during the period the agreements are outstanding and therefore may be required to repay a portion of the borrowings before the agreements mature if the value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the underlying REOs decreases.
Note 21—Note Payable Secured by Mortgage Loans at Fair Value
Following is a summary of financial information relating to the note payable secured by mortgage loans at fair value as of and for the periods presented:
Average balance of note payable
Fair value of mortgage loans at fair value and REO
At June 30, 2012, the Company did not have any borrowings under the note payable. At December 31, 2011, the Company had $28.6 million of borrowings under the note payable and $237,000 on deposit with its counterparty. The note payable matures on September 26, 2012. The facility underlying the note payable, secured by mortgage loans at fair value, matures on September 26, 2012.
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Note 22—Borrowings Under Forward Purchase Agreements
Following is a summary of financial information relating to borrowings under forward purchase agreements as of and for the periods presented:
Average balance of borrowings under forward purchase agreements
Fair value of underlying loans and REO at period end
The forward purchase agreements have an average term of approximately 6.0 months at June 30, 2012. The forward purchase agreement has a maturity of over 90 to 180 days.
At June 30, 2012, there was $1.0 million amount at risk (the fair value of the mortgage loans pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to the Company’s borrowings under forward purchase agreements.
Note 23—Liability for Representations and Warranties
The Company has liability under the representations and warranties made to purchasers of the loans it sells. In the event of a breach of its representations and warranties, the Company may be required to either repurchase the mortgage loans with the identified defects or indemnify the investor or insurer. In such cases, the Company bears any subsequent credit loss on the mortgage loans. The Company’s representations and warranties are generally not subject to stated limits or exposure.
Following is a summary of the Company’s liability for representations and warranties included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities for the periods presented:
Balance, beginning of period
Provisions for losses
Incurred losses
Balance, end of period
Note 24—Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may be involved in various proceedings, claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of June 30, 2012, the Company was not involved in any such proceedings, claims or legal actions that would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
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Mortgage Loan Commitments
The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding contractual loan commitments as of the date presented:
Commitments to purchase mortgage loans :
Correspondent lending
Other mortgage loans
Note 25—Shareholders’ Equity
On May 11, 2012, the Company issued and sold 10,000,000 common shares in an underwritten public offering and received $193.5 million of proceeds, after the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses and the reimbursement of net certain expenses. On May 17, 2012, the Company issued and sold an additional 287,706 common shares pursuant to the exercise of an option to purchase additional shares by the public offering’s underwriters and received $5.4 million of net proceeds after the underwriting discount and reimbursement of certain expenses. Proceeds from the issuance of these shares were used to fund a portion of the purchase price of portfolios of residential mortgage whole loans, to fund the continued growth of the correspondent lending business, to acquire additional mortgage loans or other investments, including those under existing forward purchase agreements, and for general corporate purposes.
On November 19, 2010, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “2010 Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company sold a total of 2,685,710 of its common shares under the 2010 Sales Agreement at a weighted average price of $18.43 per share, providing net proceeds to the Company of approximately $48.5 million, net of sales commissions. The sales agent received a total of approximately $967,000, which represents an average commission of approximately 2.0% of the gross sales price.
As more fully described in the Company’s Annual Report, certain of the underwriting costs incurred in the Company’s IPO were paid on PMT’s behalf by PCM and a portion of the underwriting discount was deferred by agreement with the underwriters of the offering. Reimbursement to PCM and payment to the underwriters of the deferred underwriting discount are both contingent on PMT’s performance during any full four calendar quarter period during the 24 full calendar quarters after the date of the completion of its IPO, August 4, 2009. If PMT meets the specified performance levels during any full four calendar quarter period during the 24-quarter period, the Company will reimburse PCM approximately $2.9 million of underwriting costs paid by PCM on the offering date and pay the underwriters approximately $5.9 million in deferred underwriting discount. If this requirement is not satisfied by the end of such 24-quarter period, the Company’s obligation to reimburse PCM and make the conditional payment of the underwriting discount will terminate. Management has concluded that these amounts are likely to be paid during the 24-quarter period and has recognized a liability for reimbursement to PCM and payment of the contingent underwriting discount as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
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Note 26—Net Gain on Mortgage Loans Acquired For Sale
Net gain (loss) on mortgage loans acquired for sale is summarized below for the periods presented:
Cash gain (loss):
Sales proceeds
Hedging activities
Non cash gain:
Change in fair value of commitments to purchase loans
Receipt of MSRs in loan sale transactions
Provision for losses relating to representations and warranties provided in loan sales
Change in fair value relating to loans and hedging derivatives held at quarter-end:
Hedging derivatives
Note 27—Net Loan Servicing Fees
Net loan servicing fees is summarized below for the periods presented:
Servicing fees(1)
Effect of MSRs:
Provision for impairment of MSRs carried at lower of amortized cost or fair value
Change in fair value of MSRs carried at fair value
Note 28—Share-Based Compensation Plan
The Company’s equity incentive plan allows for grants of equity-based awards up to a total of 8% of PMT’s issued and outstanding shares on a diluted basis at the time of the award. Restricted share units have been awarded to trustees and officers of the Company and to employees of PCM and its affiliates at no cost to the grantees. Such awards generally vest over a one- to four-year period. Expense relating to awards is included in the consolidated statements of income under the caption Compensation.
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The table below summarizes restricted share unit activity and compensation expense for the periods presented:
Number of units:
Outstanding at beginning of period
Granted
Vested
Canceled
Outstanding at end of period
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value:
Expired or canceled
Units available for future awards(1)
Compensation expense recorded during the period
Unamortized compensation cost at period-end
Note 29—Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code. Therefore, PMT generally will not be subject to corporate federal or state income tax to the extent that qualifying distributions are made to shareholders and the Company meets REIT requirements including certain asset, income, distribution and share ownership tests. The Company believes that it has met the distribution requirements, as it has declared dividends sufficient to distribute substantially all of its taxable income. Taxable income will generally differ from net income. The primary difference between net income and the REIT taxable income (before deduction for qualifying distributions) is the income of the taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) and the method of determining the income or loss related to valuation of the mortgage loans owned by the qualified REIT subsidiary (“QRS”). Other differences between REIT book income and REIT taxable income are not material.
In general, cash dividends declared by the Company will be considered ordinary income to the shareholders for income tax purposes. Some portion of the dividends may be characterized as capital gain distributions or a return of capital. Most of the 2011 distributions were characterized as ordinary income and approximately 5% was characterized as capital gain.
The Company has elected to treat two of its subsidiaries as TRSs. Income from a TRS is only included as a component of REIT taxable income to the extent that the TRS makes dividend distributions of income to the REIT. No such dividend distributions have been made to date. A TRS is subject to corporate federal and state income tax. Accordingly, a provision for income taxes for the TRSs is included in the consolidated statements of income.
The Company files U.S. federal and state income tax returns for both the REIT and TRSs. These returns for 2009 and forward are subject to examination by the respective tax authorities. No returns are currently under examination.
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The following table details the Company’s provision for income taxes which relates primarily to the TRSs, for the periods presented:
Current expense:
Federal
State
Total current expense
Deferred expense (benefit):
Total deferred expense
Total provision for income taxes
The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s provision for income taxes at statutory rates to the provision for income taxes at the Company’s effective rate:
Federal income tax expense at statutory tax rate
Effect of non-taxable REIT income
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
The Company’s components of the provision for deferred income taxes are as follows:
Real estate valuation loss
Mortgage servicing rights
Total provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes
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The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented below:
Deferred income tax assets:
Gross deferred tax assets
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Real estate valuation gain
Gross deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred income tax asset (liability)
The net deferred income tax asset (liability) is recorded in Income taxes payable in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits and does not anticipate any increase in unrecognized tax benefits. Should the accrual of any interest or penalties relative to unrecognized tax benefits be necessary, it is the Company’s policy to record such accruals in the Company’s income tax accounts. No such accruals existed at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
Note 30—Segments and Related Information
The Company has two business segments: investment activities and correspondent lending.
The investment activities segment represents the Company’s investments in distressed mortgage loans, REO, MBS and MSRs. Management seeks to maximize the value of the mortgage loans acquired by the Company through proprietary loan modification programs, special servicing and other initiatives focused on keeping borrowers in their homes. Where this is not possible, such as in the case of many nonperforming mortgage loans, the Company seeks to effect property resolution in a timely, orderly and economically efficient manner. The Company also invests in MSRs, MBS and other mortgage-related real estate and financial assets.
The correspondent lending segment represents the Company’s operations aimed at serving as an intermediary between mortgage originators, particularly mortgage lenders, and the capital markets by purchasing, pooling and reselling the loans either directly or in the form of MBS.
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Before the third quarter of 2011, the Company’s activities were almost exclusively within the investment activities segment. Financial highlights by operating segment for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 are as follows:
Revenues:
External
Net gain on investments
Interest income
Other income
Expenses:
Pre-tax net income
Total assets at period end
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 3—Significant Accounting Policies to the Company’s Annual Report.
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Note 31—Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for income taxes
Non-cash investing activities:
Transfer of mortgage loans and advances to REO
Purchase of mortgage loans financed through forward purchase agreements
Transfer of mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements to mortgage loans at fair value
Transfer of mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements and advances to REO under forward purchase agreements
Receipt of MSRs as proceeds from sales of loans
Purchase of REO financed through forward purchase agreements
Transfer of REO under forward purchase agreements to REO
Non-cash financing activities:
Transfer of note payable secured by mortgage loans to mortgage loans sold under agreements to repurchase
Note 32—Regulatory Net Worth Requirement
PennyMac Corp. (“PMC”), an indirect subsidiary of the Company, is a seller- servicer for Fannie Mae. To retain its status as an approved seller-servicer, PMC is required to meet Fannie Mae’s capital standards, which require PMC to maintain a minimum net worth of $2.5 million. Management believes PMC complies with Fannie Mae’s net worth requirement as of June 30, 2012.
Note 33—Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated all events or transactions through the date the Company issued these financial statements. During this period:
On July 2, 2012, the Company entered into a master repurchase agreement (the “Barclays Repo Facility”) with Barclays Bank PLC. Under the Barclays Repo Facility, the Company may sell, and later repurchase, newly originated mortgage loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100 million. This facility will be used to fund newly originated mortgage loans that are purchased from correspondent lenders and held for sale and/or securitization.
After June 30, 2012, the Company sold all of its investment in MBS backed by non-Agency mortgage loans and recorded a loss on the sale totaling $30,000. The MBS had fair values totaling $53.2 million at June 30, 2012 and the Company repaid the related securities sold under agreements to repurchase with June 30, 2012 balances totaling $47.6 million. Management intends to reinvest the proceeds on sale of these securities into REIT-eligible assets.
On July 25, 2012, the Company amended two master repurchase agreements with Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC, pursuant to which the Company, through two of its subsidiaries, PMC and PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust Holdings I, LLC, may sell, and later repurchase, newly funded mortgage loans. Under the terms of the amendments, the maximum aggregate purchase price provided for in each repurchase agreement was increased from $150 million to $300 million, the available amount of which is reduced under each repurchase agreement by any outstanding repurchase amounts under the other repurchase agreement.
On August 2, 2012, the Company’s Board of Trustees declared a cash dividend of $0.55 per share payable on August 31, 2012 to holders of record of the Company’s common shares as of August 16, 2012.
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We are a specialty finance company that invests primarily in residential mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets. Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors over the long-term, principally through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. We intend to achieve this objective largely by investing in distressed mortgage assets and acquiring, pooling, securitizing or selling newly originated prime credit quality residential mortgage loans (“correspondent lending”).
We invest in distressed mortgage loans through direct acquisitions of mortgage loan portfolios from institutions such as banks and mortgage companies. A substantial portion of the nonperforming loans we have purchased has been acquired from or through one or more subsidiaries of Citigroup, Inc.
We seek to maximize the value of the distressed mortgage loans that we acquire using means that are appropriate for the particular loan, including both proprietary and nonproprietary loan modification programs (such as the U.S. Departments of the Treasury and Housing and Urban Development’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”)) special servicing and other initiatives focused on avoiding foreclosure, when possible. When we are unable to effect a cure for a mortgage delinquency, our objective is to effect timely acquisition and/or liquidation of the property securing the loan through the use, in part, of short sales and deed-in-lieu of foreclosure programs. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we purchased $260.6 million of distressed mortgage loans. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we received proceeds from liquidation, payoffs and sales from our portfolio of distressed mortgage loans and REO totaling $115.7 million and $173.9 million, respectively.
Changes in the mortgage market have significantly reduced the outlets for sales of newly originated mortgage loans by mortgage lenders who have traditionally sold their loans to larger mortgage companies and banks who, in turn, sold those loans to Agencies and other investors or into securitizations. We believe that these changes are due in part to banks’ anticipation of regulatory changes to loans and securitization-related capital requirements, along with a focus on retail lending; and that the changes provide us with the opportunity to act as a link between loan originators and the Agency and securitization markets.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we purchased loans with fair values totaling $3.5 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively, in furtherance of our correspondent lending business. To the extent that we purchase loans that conform to standards established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) insured or Veterans Administration guaranteed, we sell such loans to PLS, which is a licensed Ginnie Mae issuer and seller/servicer. The Company receives a sourcing fee from PLS of three basis points on the unpaid principal balance of each loan that it sells to PLS under such arrangement, and earns interest income on the loan for the time period it holds the loan prior to the sale to PLS. We held an inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale totaling $460.4 million at June 30, 2012, including mortgage loans pending sale to PLS totaling $102.2 million. We supplement these activities through participation in other mortgage-related activities, which are in various states of analysis, planning or implementation including:
Acquisition of REIT-eligible MBS. We purchased $112.2 million of MBS during the quarter ended March 31, 2012 and the six months ended June 30, 2012. Our portfolio of MBS totaled $167.4 million at June 30, 2012, including $53.2 million of securities backed by Alt-A, subprime and jumbo mortgage loans. After June 30, 2012, we sold all of our investment in MBS backed by Alt-A, subprime and jumbo mortgage loans and recorded a loss on sale totaling $30,000. We intend to reinvest the proceeds from sale of these securities into REIT-eligible assets.
Acquisition of MSRs from liquidating and other institutions. We believe that current market conditions may have adversely affected the financial condition and operations of certain owners of mortgage assets. Further, regulatory and capital issues may have contributed to their decision to reduce their portfolio of MSRs. We believe that MSR investments may allow us to earn attractive current returns and to leverage the loan servicing capabilities and efficiencies of PLS to improve the assets’ value. We
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would also seek to leverage the loan origination capabilities of PLS provided we are able to structure an arrangement, including through the Federal government’s Home Affordable Refinance Program (“HARP 2.0”), whereby we could recapture any new MSRs created upon PLS’s refinance of mortgage loans relating to the acquired MSRs.
We also intend to continue to retain the MSRs that we receive as a portion of the proceeds from our sale or securitization of mortgage loans through our correspondent lending operation. We received MSRs as proceeds on sale of mortgage loans with fair values totaling $17.0 million and $29.9 million during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 and held MSRs with carrying values of $32.8 million as of June 30, 2012.
Providing inventory financing of mortgage loans for mortgage lenders. We believe this activity may result in attractive investment assets for us and supplement and make our correspondent lending business more attractive to lenders from which we acquire newly originated loans.
To the extent that we transfer correspondent lending loans into private label securitizations in the future, we may retain a portion of the securities created in the securitization transaction.
We are externally managed by PCM, an investment adviser that specializes in, and focuses on, residential mortgage loans. Most of our mortgage loan portfolio is serviced by PLS, an affiliate of PCM.
We conduct substantially all of our operations, and make substantially all of our investments, through our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. We are the sole limited partner and one of our subsidiaries is the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership.
We believe that we qualify to be taxed as a REIT. We believe that we will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to shareholders as long as we meet certain asset, income and share ownership tests. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our profits will be subject to income taxes and we may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the four tax years following the year we lose our REIT qualification. A portion of our activities, including our correspondent lending business, is conducted in two taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”), which are subject to corporate federal and state income taxes. Accordingly, we have made a provision for income taxes with respect to the operations of our TRSs. We expect that the effective rate for the provision for income taxes may be volatile in future periods. Our goal is to manage the business to take full advantage of the tax benefits afforded to us as a REIT.
Observations on Current Market Opportunities
The U.S. economy continues its pattern of modest growth as reflected in recent economic data. During the second quarter of 2012, real U.S. gross domestic product expanded at an annual rate of 1.5% compared to a revised 2.0% annual rate for the first quarter of 2012 and a 2.5% annual rate for the second quarter of 2011. Modest economic growth and pressure on state and federal government spending continued to affect unemployment rates during the first half of 2012. The national unemployment rate was 8.2% at June 30, 2012 compared to a revised 9.1% at June 30, 2011 and 8.5% at December 31, 2011. Although currently in a declining trend, unemployment has persisted at a seasonally adjusted rate above 8% for 41 consecutive months during the period from February 2009 through June 2012. The continued high unemployment levels during this period are reflected in high delinquency rates on single family residential mortgage loans with delinquency rates ranging from 8.64% for the second quarter of 2009 to a high of 11.2% during the second quarter of 2010 and 10.18% for the first quarter of 2012. Personal bankruptcy filings for the six months ended June 30, 2012, however, have modestly declined from the levels experienced during the years 2009 through 2011.
While for the first quarter of 2012 banks reported the highest quarterly net income since the second quarter of 2007, operational, financial and regulatory challenges remain. However, the number of problem banks as identified by the FDIC is declining. As of March 31, 2012, the most recent date for which problem bank information is available, the FDIC identified 772 problem banks, a decrease from 865 at June 30, 2011 and 813
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at December 31, 2011. The number of banks that have been seized is also declining, with 15 depository institutions seized during the second quarter of 2012 compared to 16 depository institutions seized in the first quarter of 2012 and 22 depository institutions seized in the second quarter of 2011.
Residential real estate transactions, which had recently been increasing, took an unexpected drop in June 2012 as sales of existing homes declined to an eight month low with all four regions of the United States experiencing sales declines. Although the present historically low interest rates have increased housing affordability, slower job growth and stricter lending standards currently appear to be impeding the market. Home prices on a national level, however, have been increasing as the median price of an existing home has increased 7.9% from June 2011. Foreclosure filings decreased 11% during the first half of 2012 as compared to the first half of 2011 but have increased 2% compared to the second half of 2011. Foreclosure activity is expected to increase during the remainder of 2012 as lenders resolve their operational issues relating to foreclosure of delinquent loans.
Thirty-year fixed rate mortgage interest rates ranged from a high of 3.98% to a low of 3.66% during the second quarter of 2012 with the low of 3.66% matching the all-time record low for the thirty-year fixed rate mortgage (Source: the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation’s Weekly Primary Mortgage Market Survey). Mortgage interest rates, which remained relatively flat during the first quarter of 2012, declined almost continuously on a weekly basis during the second quarter of 2012. During the first half of 2011, mortgage interest rates generally trended downward ranging from a high of 5.05% to a low of 4.49%.
The Manager continues to see substantial volumes of distressed residential mortgage loan sales (sales of loan pools that consist of either nonperforming loans, troubled but performing loans or a combination thereof) offered for sale by a limited number of sellers. During the second quarter of 2012, our Manager reviewed 27 mortgage loan pools with unpaid principal balances totaling approximately $2.5 billion and one pool of real estate acquired in settlement of loans totaling approximately $30.1 million. This compares to our Manager’s review of 27 mortgage loan pools with unpaid principal balances totaling approximately $4.5 billion during the second quarter of 2011. We did not acquire any distressed mortgage loans during the first quarter of 2012. During the second quarter of 2012 we made acquisitions of distressed mortgage loans totaling $138.4 million, all of which were acquired from or through one or more subsidiaries of Citigroup, Inc.
We believe that the collapse of the independent mortgage company business model that occurred during the recent financial crisis in the United States and the shifting investment and operational priorities of banks and other traditional mortgage lenders have created additional opportunities for our business. Under current market conditions, these opportunities include the purchase from mortgage lenders of newly originated mortgage loans that are eligible for sale to an Agency. The HARP 2.0 program may increase the volume of such newly originated Agency-eligible loans available for purchase. These opportunities also include the purchase of newly originated mortgage loans that can be resold in the non-Agency whole loan market or securitized in the private label market as well as providing inventory financing to originators of such loans. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we acquired approximately $3.5 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively, in fair value of newly originated mortgage loans and received proceeds of approximately $3.3 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively, on the sale of loans.
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Results of Operations
The following is a summary of our key performance measures for the periods presented:
Pre-tax income by segment:
Investment
Earnings per share:
Dividends per share:
Declared in the quarter
Paid in the quarter
Investment activities:
Distressed mortgage loans and REO
Cash proceeds from liquidation activities
MBS
Cash proceeds from repayment and sales
Correspondent lending:
Purchases of mortgage loans for sale
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans acquired for sale:
Sales of government-insured and guaranteed loans to PLS
Sales to other investors
MSRs
Share price:
High
Low
At period end
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded net income of $29.6 million and $48.6 million, or $0.79 and $1.46 per diluted share, respectively. Our net income for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 reflects net gains on our investments in financial instruments totaling $46.0 million and $70.9 million (comprised of net gain on investments and net gain on mortgage loans acquired for sale), including $21.6 million and $28.3 million of valuation gains on MBS and mortgage loans excluding mortgage loans acquired for sale, supplemented by $16.0 million and $32.4 million of interest income, respectively. Our results also reflect the growth in our correspondent lending segment. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we purchased $3.5 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively, in fair value of newly originated mortgage loans. We recognized gains on such loans totaling approximately $18.0 million and $31.4 million, respectively. At June 30, 2012, we held mortgage loans acquired for sale with fair values totaling $460.4 million, including $102.2 million pending sale to PLS. Growth in our earnings reflect growth in the Company’s assets from $883.5 million at June 30, 2011 to $1.9 billion at June 30, 2012. We achieved this growth in assets through a combination of issuance of additional common shares of beneficial interest (common shares) and by leveraging such issuances with additional borrowing capacity.
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During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, we recorded net income of $16.6 million and $24.3 million, or $0.59 and $0.96 per diluted share, respectively. Our net income for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011 reflected net gains on our investments in financial instruments totaling $22.1 million and $32.0 million (comprised of net gain on investments and net gain on mortgage loans acquired for sale), including $21.6 million and $28.3 million of valuation gains on MBS and mortgage loans excluding mortgage loans acquired for sale, supplemented by $8.0 million and $14.2 million of interest income, respectively. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, we purchased $54.8 million and $74.4 million, respectively, in fair value of newly originated mortgage loans. We recognized gains on such loans totaling approximately $40,000 and $123,000, respectively. At June 30, 2011, we held mortgage loans acquired for sale with fair values totaling $18.8 million.
Net Investment Income
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded net investment income of $64.4 million and $111.1 million, respectively, comprised primarily of net gains on investments in financial instruments of $46.0 million and $70.9 million supplemented by $16.0 million and $32.4 million of interest income and $2.6 million, $6.3 million from results of REO and negative net servicing fees of $855,000 and $658,000, respectively. This compares to net investment income of $30.2 million and $47.5 million recognized during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, comprised primarily of $22.1 million and $32.0 million of net gains on investments in financial instruments, supplemented by $8.0 million and $14.2 million of interest income, $86,000 and $1.2 million of gains from results of REO and net servicing fees of $6,000 and $3,000, respectively.
The growth in net investment income reflects the growth in the nonperforming loan portfolio, REOs and correspondent lending activities.
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Net investment income on financial instruments is summarized below for the periods presented:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Fannie Mae 30-year fixed(3)
Total mortgage-backed securities
Mortgage loans:
Acquired for sale at fair value
At fair value
Under forward purchase agreements at fair value
Total mortgage loans
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Real estate acquired in acquired in settlement of loans
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696
20,999
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Net Gain (Loss) on Investments
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized net gains on financial instruments (excluding mortgage loans acquired for sale) totaling $28.0 million and $39.5 million, respectively. This compares to $22.1 million and $32.0 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011. The increase for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same prior year periods is due primarily to growth in our portfolio of investments in financial instruments. The average portfolio balance of mortgage loans at fair value increased $192.0 million or 33%, and $250.5 million or 49%, respectively, during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same prior year periods.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized net valuation gains on our portfolio of MBS totaling $706,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, compared to net valuation losses of $873,000 and $1.3 million, respectively, during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011. The valuation gains primarily reflect both increased demand for and reduced supply of, non-Agency MBS during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, as well as to the gain on Agency MBS, net of valuation losses related to an MBS swaption we hold as a financial hedge to moderate changes in fair value of the Agency MBS. We did not hold Agency MBS during the periods ended June 30, 2011.
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The valuation gains we recorded during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 contrast with valuation losses we recorded during the same periods in 2011. Those losses reflected, in part, growing marketplace supply of MBS similar to those we hold as a result of sales by the Federal Reserve Bank of their holdings of MBS acquired during the recent financial crisis, and to marketplace discounting of distressed MBS resulting from expectations that involuntary prepayments of mortgages underlying the securities may slow due to regulatory actions relating to lenders’ foreclosure activities.
Net gains on mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value are summarized below for the periods presented:
Valuation changes
Performing loans
Payoffs
The net gains on mortgage loans arising from valuation changes were due primarily to changes in the value of loans as the loans moved through the resolution process and as actual home prices improved; nonperforming loans were reinstated; improved expectation of the future speed of resolution and of the expected proportion of reinstatement for certain loan pools; and, increased expectation regarding the collectability of mortgage insurance payments on certain loan pools.
The increase in the valuation changes in the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same periods ended June 30, 2011 is due to growth in our portfolio of mortgage loans at fair value as well as to improved performance of and expectations relating to real estate values in the real estate markets where properties securing our mortgage loans are located. These positive changes are partially offset by the non-recurrence during the second quarter of 2012 of a $7.4 million valuation gain we recorded in the second quarter of 2011 relating to an improvement in our assessment of the collectability of claims on government-insured loans.
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Following is a comparison of the valuation techniques and key inputs we use in the valuation of our financial assets:
Item
Technique
Mortgage-backed securities(1):
Default speed(3)
Collateral remaining loss percentage(4)
Prepayment speed(5)
Total prepayment speed (Life total CPR)
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We monitor and value our investments in pools of distressed mortgage loans, with each acquisition being a unique pool. Most of the measures we use to value and monitor the loan portfolio, such as projected prepayment and default speeds and discount rates, are applied or output at the pool level. Since the predominant feature of most of the loan pools we purchase is that they are distressed, the characteristics of the individual loans, such as loan size, loan-to-value ratio and current delinquency status, can vary widely within a pool.
The weighted average discount rate used in the valuation of mortgage loans at fair value decreased slightly from 14.8% at December 31, 2011 to 14.2% at June 30, 2012 due to a decrease in certain pools’ discount rates resulting from the acquisition of performing assets with lower yields, during the six months ended June 30, 2012.
The weighted average twelve month projected housing price index (“HPI”) change declined slightly from -0.3% at December 31, 2011 to -0.4% at June 30, 2012.
The total prepayment speed of our mortgage loans at fair value portfolio decreased from 26.5% at December 31, 2011 to 20.1% at June 30, 2012, primarily due to the portfolio composition changing toward a higher proportion of performing assets which have slower prepayment speeds.
While we believe that the Company’s current fair value estimates are representative of fair value at the reporting date, the market for our distressed mortgage assets is illiquid with very few market participants. Furthermore, our business strategy is to enhance value during the period in which the loans are held. Any resulting appreciation or depreciation in the fair value of the loans is recorded during such holding period and ultimately realized at the end of the holding period.
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, we recognized gains on mortgage loan payoffs as summarized below:
Number of loans
Unpaid principal balance
Gain recognized at payoff
The increase in gains recognized at payoff was due to the higher level of payoff activity for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, reflecting growth in the size of our investment portfolio during 2012 as compared to 2011.
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During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, we recognized gains on sales of distressed mortgage loans as summarized below:
(dollar amounts
in thousands)
Gain recognized at sale
We did not sell distressed mortgage loans during 2012. The loss amounts recorded during 2012 reflect adjustments to previously recognized gains on sale.
The following tables present a summary of loan modifications completed for the periods presented:
Modification type(1)
Rate reduction
Term extension
Capitalization of interest and fees
Principal forbearance
Principal reduction
The following table summarizes the average impact of the modifications noted above to the terms of the loans modified for the periods presented:
Category
Loan balance
Remaining term (months)
Interest rate
Forbeared principal
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Interest Income
The effects of changes in the composition of our investments on our interest income during the periods presented are summarized below:
FNMA conventional
Under forward purchase agreementsat fair value
In the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we earned interest income of $16.0 million and $32.4 million, respectively, compared to $8.0 million and $14.2 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011.
We earned interest income of $1.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively, on our portfolio of MBS during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012. In the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, we earned interest income of $982,000 and $2.1 million, respectively, on our portfolio of MBS. The quarterly change in interest income of $29,000 represents the effects of an $80.9 million or 86% increase in the average balance of our investment in MBS, partially offset by a reduction in the yield we recognized on such assets from 4.14% to 2.29%. This reduction in yield was primarily due to slower repayments of the loans underlying the MBS along with reduced accruals of unearned discounts on such securities due to our assessment of the portion of the securities that will be ultimately repaid. Our fair value estimates reflect our assessment of the amount and timing of future cash flows to be received on these bonds. Interest income on MBS decreased by $483,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2011, also reflecting the reduced accrual of unearned discounts on the securities as well as repayments in excess of the acquisitions of our non-Agency MBS.
In the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized interest income on mortgage loans at fair value of $14.9 million and $30.8 million, respectively, which compares to $7.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively, in the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011. The increases in interest income are due primarily to growth in the average balance of our mortgage loan portfolio of $192.0 million and $250.5 million, or 33% and 49% for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 when compared to the same periods in 2011. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized annualized interest of 5.99% and 6.47%, respectively, on our portfolio of mortgage loans (excluding mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value) as measured by the portfolio’s average fair value. This compares to 4.67% and 4.69% for the quarter and six
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months ended June 30, 2011. The increases in yield during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the same periods in 2011 are due primarily to a higher proportion of our investment portfolio being comprised of performing loans along with interest income we recognize on modifications when we capture interest income through the capitalization of delinquent interest as part of the modification agreement. At June 30, 2012, our investment in performing mortgage loans had a weighted average coupon of 4.33%; at June 30, 2011, our investment in performing mortgage loans had a weighted average coupon of 5.06%.
At June 30, 2012, approximately 59% of the fair value of our portfolio of mortgage loans was nonperforming, which compares to 74% at June 30, 2011. We do not accrue interest on nonperforming loans and generally do not recognize revenues during the period we hold REO. We calculate the yield on our mortgage loan portfolio based on the portfolio’s average fair value, which most closely reflects our investment in the mortgage loans. Accordingly, the yield we realize is substantially higher than would be recorded based on the loans’ unpaid balances as we purchase our mortgage loans at substantial discounts to their unpaid principal balances.
The revenue benefits of nonperforming loans and REO generally take longer to realize than those of performing loans due to the time required to work with borrowers to resolve payment issues through our modification programs and to acquire and liquidate the property securing the mortgage loans. The value and returns we realize from these assets are determined by our ability to cure the borrowers’ defaults, or when curing of borrower defaults is not a viable solution, by our ability to effectively manage the liquidation process. As a participant in HAMP, we are required to comply with the process specified by the HAMP program before liquidating a loan, and this may extend the liquidation process. At June 30, 2012, we held $582.0 million in fair value of nonperforming loans and $89.9 million in carrying value of REO.
Net Gain on Mortgage Loans Acquired for Sale
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded a net gain of $18.0 million and $31.4 million, respectively on mortgage loans acquired for sale which included approximately $17.0 million and $29.9 million, respectively, in fair values of MSRs received as part of the proceeds from our correspondent lending loan sales. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, we recorded a gain of $40,000 and $123,000, respectively, on mortgage loans acquired for sale.
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Our gains on mortgage loans acquired for sale are summarized below:
Purchase price of mortgage loans acquired for sale sold during the period
Fair value of mortgage loans acquired for sale held at period end
Our gain on mortgage loans acquired for sale includes both cash and non-cash elements. We receive proceeds on sale that include both cash and our estimate of the value of MSRs.
MSRs represent the value of a contract that obligates us to service the mortgage loans we sell on behalf of the purchaser of the loan in exchange for servicing fees and the right to collect certain ancillary income from the borrower. We recognize MSRs at our estimate of the fair value of the contract to service the loans.
We also provide for our estimate of the future losses that we may be required to incur as a result of our breach of representations and warranties provided to the purchasers of the loans we sold.
Our hedging activities relating to our correspondent lending activities primarily involve forward sales of our inventory and commitments to purchase mortgage loans as well as purchases of options to sell and options to purchase MBS. We hedge our investment in Agency MBS using an interest rate swaption agreement. Following is a summary of the notional activity in our hedging derivatives for the periods presented:
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Results of Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans
Results from REO includes the gains or losses we record upon sale of the properties as well as valuation adjustments we record during the period we hold those properties. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded net gains of $2.6 million and $6.3 million, respectively, in results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans as compared to net gains totaling $86,000 and $1.2 million, respectively, for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011.
Results of REO are summarized below:
The increase in gain between the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 and the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011 is primarily due to the increased level of REO activity during the current year periods as compared to the prior year periods. We recorded a 84% increase in the carrying value of REO, from approximately $48.9 million to approximately $89.9 million, from June 30, 2011 to June 30, 2012. This increase reflects both the growth and seasoning of our investments in distressed assets during the current year periods.
Our expenses are summarized below for the periods presented:
Increased expenses during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same periods in 2011 were a result of the growth in the Company’s investment portfolio, the use of borrowings to finance that growth and the substantial growth in our correspondent lending activities.
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The effects of changes in the composition of our borrowings on our interest expense during the periods presented are summarized below:
During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we incurred interest expense totaling $6.7 million and $13.4 million, respectively, as compared to $3.0 million and $5.2 million during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011. Our interest cost was 3.25% and 3.47%, respectively, for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to 3.67% and 3.52%, respectively, for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011. The increase in interest expense reflects our increased use of leverage in support of growth of our balance sheet throughout the 2011 and 2012, partially offset by declining interest rates from 2011 to 2012 and a shift in borrowings toward financing more liquid assets which are financeable with lower borrowing rates.
Loan fulfillment fees payable to an affiliate represent fees we pay to PLS for the services it performs on our behalf in connection with our acquisition, packaging and sale of mortgage loans. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage loan at acquisition. The increase of $7.7 million and $13.8 million, respectively, in the fees during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same periods in 2011 is due to the substantial growth in our correspondent lending activities. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, we sold mortgage loans to nonaffiliates with fair values totaling approximately $1.6 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively, compared to $15.8 million and $19.3 million, respectively, during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011.
Loan servicing expenses also grew substantially from $3.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, in the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011 to $5.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively, in the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 as our average investment in mortgage loans increased by 33% and 49%, respectively, from the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011 to the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012.
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Loan servicing expenses are summarized below for the periods presented:
Servicing fees
Base
Activity-based
Collection expenses
Included in loan servicing expenses in the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 were base servicing fees of $3.1 million and $6.1 million, activity-based fees of $1.6 million and $2.9 million and collection expenses of $0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. This compares to base servicing fees of $2.3 million and $3.8 million, activity-based fees of $1.0 million and $1.7 million and collection expenses $170,000 and $267,000, respectively, relating to the liquidation of loans.
Compensation expense increased due to the effect on 2012 stock-based compensation expense of restricted share units granted during the second quarter of 2012 to our officers and trustees as well as certain employees of PCM and its affiliates. Professional services expense decreased during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011 as the level of mortgage investment acquisition activity involving assets and transactions which require support in the form of due diligence and legal consultations decreased in 2012 as compared to 2011.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to treat two of its subsidiaries as TRSs. Income from a TRS is only included as a component of REIT taxable income to the extent that the TRS makes dividend distributions of income to the REIT. No such dividend distributions were made in the 2012 or 2011. A TRS is subject to corporate federal and state income tax. Accordingly, a provision for income taxes for the TRSs is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
In general, cash dividends declared by the Company will be considered ordinary income to shareholders for income tax purposes. Some portion of the dividends may be characterized as capital gain distributions or a return of capital. Most of the 2011 distributions were characterized as ordinary income and approximately 5% was characterized as capital gain.
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Balance Sheet Analysis
Following is a summary of key balance sheet items as of the dates presented:
ASSETS
Investments:
LIABILITIES
Other liabilities
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Total assets increased by approximately $504.7 million or 36% during the period from December 31, 2011 through June 30, 2012. During the first half of 2012, we supplemented our financing through issuance of additional common shares for net proceeds of $247.2 million. We made investments totaling $403.0 million and received proceeds from sales and repayments of those assets as well as from the maturity of a United States Treasury security, mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements from sales of REO and a sale of MSRs totaling $245.3 million. We also purchased newly-originated mortgage loans totaling approximately $5.4 billion and received proceeds (including MSRs) from the sale of those loans totaling approximately $5.1 billion in our correspondent lending operations. Our non-correspondent lending acquisitions are summarized below.
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Asset Acquisitions
Following is a summary of our acquisitions of mortgage investments (excluding correspondent lending mortgage loans) for the periods presented:
Distressed mortgage loans(1)
Performing
Nonperforming
REO
Investment Portfolio Composition
Our portfolio of MBS has shifted from being comprised of senior priority currently cash flowing MBS backed by non-Agency subprime, Alt-A and prime jumbo loans to being primarily comprised of Agency MBS. Our non-Agency MBS had an average remaining life of 2.1 years and a market yield of 6.26% at June 30, 2012. We sold all of these securities after June 30, 2012 and recorded a loss on sale of the securities totaling $30,000. We intend to reinvest the proceeds into REIT-eligible assets. We acquired MBS to supplement our investments in mortgage loans and to help ensure compliance with the REIT tax regulations relating to our asset composition.
The following is a summary of our portfolio of MBS as of the dates presented:
Security collateral type:
Fannie Mae 30-year fixed
Subprime
Alt-A
Prime jumbo
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The relationship of the fair value of our mortgage loans at fair value (excluding mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value) to the fair value of the real estate collateral underlying the loans is summarized below:
The collateral values presented above do not represent our assessment of the amount of future cash flows to be realized from the mortgage loans and/or underlying collateral. Future cash flows will be influenced by, among other considerations, our asset disposition strategies with respect to individual loans, the costs and expenses we incur in the disposition process and changes in borrower performance and the underlying collateral values.
Collateral values summarized above are estimated and may change over time due to various factors including our level of access to the properties securing the loans, changes in the real estate market or the condition of individual properties. Collateral values noted do not include any costs that would typically be incurred in obtaining the property in settlement of the loan, readying the property for sale or in the sale of a property.
Following is a summary of the distribution of our mortgage loans at fair value (excluding mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value) at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
Loan type
ARM/Hybrid
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Lien position
1st lien
2nd lien
Unsecured
Occupancy
Owner occupied
Investment property
Loan age
Less than 12 months
12-35 months
36-59 months
60 months or more
Origination FICOscore
Less than 600
600-649
650-699
700-749
750 or greater
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Current loan-to-value(1)
Less than 80%
80%-99.99%
100%-119.99%
120% or greater
Geographic distribution
California
Florida
New York
New Jersey
Payment status
Current
30 days delinquent
60 days delinquent
90 days or more delinquent
In foreclosure
Following is a summary of our REO by attribute as of the dates presented:
Property type
1-4 dwelling units
Planned unit development
5+ dwelling units
Condominium/Co-op
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Colorado
Washington
Virginia
North Carolina
Arizona
Following is a summary of the current status of our portfolio of acquisitions by quarter acquired (excluding acquisitions for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 due to close proximity of current status to quarter-end and March 31, 2012 as there were no acquisitions of distressed loans during that period):
Pool factor*
Collection status:
Delinquency
30 days
60 days
over 90 days
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Correspondent Lending
Following is a summary of our correspondent lending acquisitions for the periods presented:
Fair value of correspondent lending loans purchased:
Agency eligible
Jumbo
Our ability to continue the expansion of our correspondent lending business is subject to our ability to obtain additional inventory financing and our ability to fund the portion of the loans not financed, either through cash flows from business activities or the raising of additional equity capital. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in increasing our borrowing capacity or in obtaining the additional equity capital necessary or that we will be able to identify additional sources of mortgage loans.
Cash Flows
Our cash flows resulted in a net increase in cash of $13.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2012. The positive cash flows arose primarily due to our financing activities producing more cash than our operations or investments required during the period. Cash used by operating activities totaled $267.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2012, primarily due to growth in our inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale. Cash used by operating activities totaling $41.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2011 reflects the effects of growth in our operating balance sheet accounts during that period.
Net cash used by investing activities was $135.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 due to our investments of the proceeds from $247.2 million of share issuances to support the financing of purchases of $260.6 million of mortgage loans at fair value and $112.2 million of MBS. Similarly, during the six months ended June 30, 2011, cash used by investing activities totaled $271.2 million owing to the substantial growth in our investments in distressed mortgage assets during that period.
Approximately 53% of our investments, comprised of non-correspondent lending mortgage loans, MBS, REO and MSRs, were nonperforming assets as of June 30, 2012. Nonperforming assets include mortgage loans delinquent 90 or more days and REO. Accordingly, we expect that these assets will require a longer period to begin producing cash flow and the timing and amount of cash flows from these assets is less certain than for performing assets. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we transferred $69.5 million of mortgage loans and advances to REO and realized cash proceeds from the repayments and sale of MBS, mortgage loans at fair values and REO totaling $21.3 million, $98.6 million and $65.4 million, respectively.
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Our investing activities include the purchase of long-lived assets which are not presently cash flowing or are at risk of interruption of cash flows in the near future. Furthermore, much of the investment income we recognize is in the form of valuation adjustments we record recognizing our estimates of the appreciation in value of the assets as we work with borrowers to either modify their loans or acquire the property securing their loans in settlement thereof. Accordingly, a substantial portion of our revenues is often realized many months after we record the revenues as part of the proceeds of the liquidation of the assets, either through payoff or sale of the mortgage loan or through acquisition and sale of the property securing the loans. The following table illustrates the gain (loss) in value that we accumulated over the period during which we owned the liquidated assets, as compared to the proceeds actually received and the additional gain realized upon liquidation of such assets:
The amounts included in accumulated gains and gain on liquidation do not include the cost of managing the liquidated assets. Rather, they include the amount of accumulated valuation gains recognized throughout the holding period – which may be substantial depending on the collection status of the loan at acquisition and on our success in working with the borrower to resolve the source of distress in the loan – and in the case of REO, includes direct transaction costs incurred in the sale of the property. Accordingly, the preceding amounts do not represent periodic earnings on a cash basis and the amount of gain will have accumulated over varying periods depending on the liquidation period for individual assets.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $416.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 due to the net proceeds from sale of common shares of $247.2 million as well as increased borrowings used to finance growth in our inventory of MBS, mortgage loans acquired for sale and mortgage loans at fair value. As discussed below in Liquidity and Capital Resources, our Manager continues to evaluate and pursue additional sources of financing to provide us with future investing capacity.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity reflects our ability to meet our current obligations (including the purchase of loans from correspondent lenders, our operating expenses and, when applicable, retirement of, and margin calls relating to, our debt), make investments as our Manager identifies them and make distributions to our shareholders. We generally need to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income each year (subject to certain adjustments) to our shareholders to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. This distribution requirement limits our ability to retain earnings and thereby replenish or increase capital to support our activities.
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We expect our primary sources of liquidity to be proceeds from or through earnings on our investments, cash flows from business activities, proceeds from borrowings and/or additional equity offerings. We believe our current liquidity is sufficient to meet our short-term liquidity needs.
Our current leverage strategy is to finance our assets where we believe such borrowing is prudent and appropriate. We have made borrowings in the form of borrowings under forward purchase agreements, sales of assets under agreements to repurchase, and a note payable secured by mortgage loans at fair value. To the extent available to us, we expect in the future to obtain long-term financing for assets with estimated future lives of more than one year; this may include term financing and securitization of nonperforming and/or re-performing mortgage loans.
Until attractive long-term financing is procured, we will continue to finance our assets on a short-term basis through agreements to repurchase and other secured lending and structured finance facilities, pending the ultimate disposition of the assets, whether through sale, securitization or liquidation. Because our current debt facilities consist solely of short-term borrowings, we expect to renew these facilities in advance of maturity in order to ensure our ongoing liquidity and access to capital or otherwise allow ourselves sufficient time to replace any necessary financing.
On May 11, 2012, we issued and sold 10,000,000 common shares in an underwritten public offering and received $193.5 million of net proceeds, after the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses and the reimbursement of certain expenses. On May 17, 2012, we issued and sold an additional 287,706 common shares pursuant to the exercise of an option to purchase additional shares by the public offering’s underwriters and received $5.4 million of proceeds after the underwriting discount and reimbursement of certain expenses. We used proceeds from the issuance of these shares to fund a portion of the purchase price of portfolios of residential mortgage whole loans, to fund the continued growth of our correspondent lending business, to acquire additional mortgage loans or other investments, including those under existing forward purchase agreements, and for general corporate purposes.
During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we sold a total of 2,685,710 of our common shares under a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “2010 Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”) at a weighted average price of $18.43 per share, providing net proceeds to us of approximately $48.5 million net of sales commissions. Cantor received a total of approximately $967,000, which represents an average commission of approximately 2.0% of the gross sales price per share.
We use debt financing, primarily through the use of repurchase agreements and forward purchase agreements, as a means of extending our balance sheet capacity. Our repurchase agreements represent the sales of assets together with agreements for us to buy back the assets at a later date. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, the average balance outstanding under agreements to repurchase MBS and mortgage loans and REO financed under agreements to repurchase totaled $436.5 million, and the maximum daily amount outstanding under such agreements totaled $605.1 million. The difference between the maximum and average daily amounts outstanding was due to the continuing growth of our investments in these assets. The balance of borrowings under these facilities was $589.7 million at June 30, 2012.
Forward purchase agreements represent agreements between us and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. (“CGM”), pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from CGM certain nonperforming residential mortgage loans and residential real property acquired in settlement of loans (collectively, the “CGM Assets”). The CGM Assets were acquired by CGM from unaffiliated large money center banks (the “Initial Sellers”). As part of the agreements and in connection with our purchase of the CGM Assets, CGM assigned, and we assumed, all of CGM’s rights and obligations under separate purchase agreements with the Initial Sellers. We recorded the transactions as a purchase of loans. The CGM Assets are serviced primarily by PLS. On the settlement date for any CGM Asset, in addition to the payment of the purchase price, we will reimburse CGM for certain out-of-pocket costs and other expenses, including servicing fees and servicing advances, and a cost of carry incurred by CGM for such CGM Asset.
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The total unpaid principal balance of the CGM Assets subject to the forward purchase agreement as of the dates of the respective agreements was approximately $49.0 million. At June 30, 2012, the unpaid principal balance of remaining commitment under the forward purchase agreement totaled $36.9 million. The forward purchase agreement matures on December 10, 2012.
Repurchase agreements and the forward purchase agreements represent significant sources of funding for our investment portfolio. As of June 30, 2012, we financed our investments in MBS, mortgage loans at fair value and REO, and our inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale at fair value, under agreements to repurchase as follows:
Assets financed
Total assets in classes of assets financed
Borrowings
Percentage of invested assets pledged
Advance rate against pledged assets
As discussed above, all of our borrowings have short-term maturities:
The transactions relating to securities sold under agreements to repurchase provide for sale to major financial institution counterparties of securities in our investment portfolio at advance rates based on the estimated fair value of the securities sold. The agreements provide for repurchase by us of the securities at a term of three weeks. All transactions relating to MBS sold under agreements to repurchase maturing before the date of this Report have been refinanced by renewing the agreements at maturity or have been repaid through settlement upon sale of the securities financed under the agreements.
The transactions relating to mortgage loans under agreements to repurchase mature between December 28, 2012 and August 2, 2013 and provide for sale to major financial institution counterparties based on the estimated fair value of the mortgage loans sold. The agreements provide for terms of approximately one year.
The transactions relating to REO are secured financings that mature on June 5, 2013 and provide for sale to major financial institution counterparties at advance rates based on the estimated fair value of the REO.
The forward purchase agreement requires that we settle the purchase of the CGM Assets on or before the applicable maturity date of December 27, 2012.
In the event that we fail to settle any CGM Assets on or before the applicable maturity date, the forward purchase agreements provide for a net settlement between us and CGM, in an amount based on the difference between the fair value of such CGM Assets on the date of determination and the sum of the purchase price and reimbursement amounts that would have applied to such CGM Assets had they been purchased on such date.
Any CGM Asset that liquidates prior to its settlement by us will be settled between us and CGM in the month following liquidation, in an amount based on the difference between the liquidation proceeds and the sum of the purchase price and reimbursement amounts that would have applied to such CGM Asset had it been purchased on the liquidation date.
Our settlement of the purchases of the CGM Assets is subject to our obtaining additional capital adequate to fund the transactions. There can be no assurance that the purchase of the CGM Assets will ultimately be settled.
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Our debt financing agreements require us and certain of our subsidiaries to comply with various financial covenants. These financial covenants currently include the following:
profitability at each of the Company and our subsidiary, PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust Holdings I, LLC (“PMITH”), for at least one (1) of the previous two consecutive fiscal quarters, as of the end of each fiscal quarter, and at our subsidiary, PennyMac Corp. (“PMC”), for the prior three (3) calendar quarters;
a minimum of $20 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents among the Company and/or its subsidiaries; a minimum of $7.75 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents between PMC and PMITH; and a minimum of $7.5 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents at PMC;
a minimum tangible net worth for the Company of $400 million, plus 75% of the total net proceeds received by it in connection with equity issuances after August 18, 2011; a minimum tangible net worth for PMITH of $195 million; and a minimum tangible net worth for PMC of the sum of (y) $65 million and (z) 50% of its positive quarterly income after November 2, 2010;
a maximum ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of less than 3:1 for the Company, 10:1 for PMC and 5:1 for PMITH;
a maximum ratio of liabilities to tangible net worth, in each case related to other than newly originated mortgage loans, of less than 3:1 for PMC;
at least two warehouse or repurchase facilities that finance amounts and assets similar to those being financed under our existing debt financing agreements.
Although these financial covenants limit the amount of indebtedness we may incur and impact our liquidity through minimum cash reserve requirements, we believe that these covenants currently provide us with sufficient flexibility to successfully operate our business and obtain the financing necessary to achieve that purpose.
The transactions relating to securities sold under agreements to repurchase contain margin call provisions that, upon notice from the applicable lender at its option, require us to transfer cash or additional securities in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit. A margin deficit will generally result from any decline in the market value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the assets subject to an agreement to repurchase, although in some instances we may agree with the lender upon certain thresholds (in dollar amounts or percentages based on the market value of the assets) that must be exceeded before a margin deficit will arise. Upon notice from the applicable lender, we will generally be required to satisfy the margin call on the day of such notice or within one business day thereafter, depending on the timing of the notice. At June 30, 2012, our securities sold under agreements to repurchase were sold to two lenders. With respect to this agreement, we have agreed with one of the lenders to a threshold of $250,000 in market value decline that must be exceeded before a margin deficit will arise.
Similarly, the transactions relating to mortgage loans and/or equity interests in special purpose entities holding real property under agreements to repurchase contain margin call provisions that, upon notice from the applicable lender at its option, require us to transfer cash or additional mortgage loans or real property, as applicable, in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit. A margin deficit will generally result from any decline in the market value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the assets subject to an agreement to repurchase. Upon notice from the applicable lender, we will generally be required to satisfy the margin call on the day of such notice or within one business day thereafter, depending on the timing of the notice.
Our Manager continues to explore a variety of additional means of financing our continued growth, including debt financing through bank warehouse lines of credit, additional repurchase agreements, term financing, securitization transactions and additional equity offerings. However, there can be no assurance as to how much additional financing capacity such efforts will produce, what form the financing will take or that such efforts will be successful. Further, counterparty credit sensitivity and collateral documentation requirements have made it difficult to obtain financing for REO, the result of which could place stress on our capital and liquidity positions at certain times during the foreclosure cycles of the related nonperforming loans.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Guarantees
As of June 30, 2012, we have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements or guarantees.
Contractual Obligations
As of June 30, 2012, all of our known contractual obligations mature within one year. As of June 30, 2012, we had on-balance sheet contractual obligations of $1.0 billion to finance assets under agreements to repurchase with maturities between September 4, 2012 and June 5, 2013, a contractual obligation of $0 relating to a note payable secured by mortgage loans at fair value maturing on September 26, 2012, and contractual obligations of $16.7 million relating to a forward purchase agreement with a maturity of December 10, 2012. All agreements to repurchase that matured between June 30, 2012 and the date of this Report have been renewed, extended or repaid upon sale of the assets financed and are described in Note 17—Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase at Fair Value, Note 18—Mortgage Loans Acquired for Sale Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase, Note 19—Mortgage Loans at Fair Value Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Note 20—Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans Financed Under Agreements to Repurchase in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The contractual obligation relating to the secured lending facility is described in Note 21—Note Payable Secured by Mortgage Loans at Fair Value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The contractual obligation relating to a forward purchase agreement matures on December 10, 2012 and is described in Note 22—Borrowings under Forward Purchase Agreements in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to the Company’s assets sold under agreements to repurchase and forward purchase agreements is summarized by counterparty below as of June 30, 2012:
Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC.
Management Agreement. Pursuant to the management agreement between PCM and us, we pay PCM a base management fee and a performance incentive fee, both payable quarterly and in arrears. The base management fee is calculated at the annual rate of 1.5% of shareholders’ equity. “Shareholders’ equity” is defined as the sum of the net proceeds from any issuances of our equity securities since inception (weighted for the time outstanding during the measurement period); plus our retained earnings at the end of the quarter; less any amount we pay for repurchases of our common shares (weighted for the time held during the measurement period); and excluding one-time events pursuant to changes in U.S. GAAP and certain other non-cash charges after discussions between PCM and our independent trustees and approval by a majority of our independent trustees.
The performance incentive fee is calculated at 20% per year of the amount by which “core earnings,” on a rolling four-quarter basis and before the incentive fee, exceeds an 8% “hurdle rate.” “Core earnings,” for purposes of determining the amount of the performance incentive fee, is defined as U.S. GAAP net income (loss) adjusted to exclude non-cash equity compensation expense, unrealized gains and losses or other non-cash items recognized during the period, any conditional payment amounts relating to our IPO paid to PCM and the underwriters of our IPO, and certain other non-cash charges after discussions between PCM and our independent trustees and approval by a majority of our independent trustees. The “hurdle rate” is calculated as the product of (1) the weighted average of the issue price per share of all of our public offerings multiplied by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (including, for the avoidance of doubt, restricted share units) in the four-quarter period and (2) 8%. During our first four quarters, core
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earnings were calculated based on the annualized results of each of the preceding quarters. For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, to the extent we have a net loss in core earnings from a period prior to the rolling four-quarter period that has not been offset by core earnings in a subsequent period, such loss will continue to be included in the rolling four-quarter calculation until it has been fully offset. This term is not applicable for purposes of determining whether the conditional payment of the underwriting discount is payable.
Under the management agreement, PCM is entitled to reimbursement of organizational and operating expenses, including third party expenses, incurred on our behalf. Our reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation. Expenses are reimbursed in cash on a quarterly basis.
Under the management agreement, PCM may be entitled to a termination fee under certain circumstances. Specifically, the termination fee is payable for (1) our termination of the management agreement without cause or (2) PCM’s termination of the management agreement upon a default in the performance of any material term of the management agreement. The termination fee is equal to three times (a) the average annual base management fee and (b) the average annual (or, if the period is less than 24 months, annualized) incentive fee earned by PCM during the prior 24-month period before termination. Under circumstances where the termination fee is payable, we will agree to pay to PCM its portion of the conditional payment of the underwriting discount described below.
Loan Servicing Agreement. For its services under our loan servicing agreement, PLS is entitled to base servicing fees that are competitive with those charged by other servicers or specialty servicers, as applicable. Base servicing fees are calculated as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage loans, with the actual percentage being based on the risk characteristics of the loans in a particular pool. Such risk characteristics include market value of the underlying properties, creditworthiness of the borrowers, seasoning of the loans, degree of current and expected loan defaults, current loan-to-value ratios, borrowers’ payment history and debt-to-income levels.
The base servicing fees for nonperforming loans range from 30 to 100 basis points per year of the unpaid principal balance of such loans. PLS is also entitled to certain customary market-based fees and charges, including boarding and deboarding fees, liquidation and disposition fees, assumption, modification and origination fees and late charges, as well as interest on funds on deposit in custodial or escrow accounts.
When PLS effects a refinancing of a loan on our behalf and not through a third party lender and the resulting loan is readily saleable, PLS is entitled to receive from us market-based fees and compensation. Similarly, when PLS originates a loan to facilitate the disposition of real estate that we acquire in settlement of a loan, PLS is entitled to a fee in the same amount.
To the extent we participate in HAMP (or other similar mortgage loan modification programs), PLS is entitled to retain any incentive payments made to it and to which it is entitled under HAMP; provided, however, that with respect to any such incentive payments paid to PLS in connection with a mortgage loan modification for which we previously paid PLS a modification fee, PLS is required to reimburse us an amount equal to the lesser of such modification fee or such incentive payments.
Under the loan servicing agreement, PLS is also entitled to reimbursement for all customary, reasonable and necessary out of pocket expenses incurred by PLS in connection with the performance of its servicing obligations.
In connection with our correspondent lending business, PLS is entitled to base servicing fees, which range from 5 to 20 basis points per year of the unpaid principal balances of such loans, and other customary market-based fees and charges as described above.
Mortgage Banking Services Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of a mortgage banking services agreement, effective May 16, 2012, the Company amended its management agreement with PCM to change the way shareholders’ equity is measured for purposes of calculating the base component of its management fee. Previously, the measure of shareholders’ equity excluded unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items
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reflected in the Company’s financial statements. The management agreement was amended to base the management fee on shareholders’ equity computed using US GAAP. The method of measuring the performance incentive fee was not changed. The purpose of the amendment was to better align the Manager’s base management fee with the Company’s investment strategy, which, in the pursuit of attractive investment opportunities, has evolved to include nonperforming mortgage loans that generate unrealized gains and correspondent lending activity that produces non-cash income through the retention of mortgage servicing rights. The amendment is expected to increase the amount of the base management fee payable by the Company to the Manager. PLS also provides us with certain mortgage banking services, including fulfillment and disposition-related services, for a fulfillment fee based on a percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage loans. The fulfillment fee for such services is currently 50 basis points. Since November 1, 2010, we collect interest income and a sourcing fee of three basis points for each mortgage loan we buy from a correspondent and sell to PLS for ultimate disposition to a third party where we are not approved or licensed to sell to such third party. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded fulfillment fees totaling $7.7 million and $13.8 million, respectively.
We paid servicing fees to PLS as described above and as provided in our loan servicing agreement, and recorded other expenses, including common overhead expenses incurred on our behalf by PCM and its affiliates in accordance with the terms of its management agreement.
Conditional Payment of Underwriting Discount. Certain of the underwriting costs incurred in our IPO were paid on our behalf by PCM and a portion of the underwriting discount was deferred by agreement with the underwriters of the offering. Reimbursement to PCM and payment to the underwriters of the deferred underwriting discount are both contingent on our performance as follows: we will reimburse PCM approximately $2.9 million of underwriting costs paid by PCM on the offering date and pay the underwriters approximately $5.9 million in deferred underwriting discount if, during any full four calendar quarter period during the 24 full calendar quarters after the date of the completion of our IPO, August 4, 2009, our “core earnings” for such four-quarter period and before the incentive portion of PCM’s management fee equals or exceeds an 8% incentive fee “hurdle rate” (both defined above). If this requirement is not satisfied by the end of such 24 calendar quarter period, our obligation to reimburse PCM and make the conditional payment of the underwriting discount will terminate. We have concluded that these amounts are likely to be paid during the 24-quarter period and have recognized a liability for reimbursement to PCM and payment of the contingent underwriting discount as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices, real estate values and other market-based risks. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are real estate risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, prepayment risk, inflation risk and market value risk. A substantial portion of our investments are comprised of nonperforming loans. We believe that such assets’ fair values respond primarily to changes in the fair value of the real estate securing such loans.
The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair value of our portfolio of mortgage loans at fair value and mortgage loans under forward purchase agreements at fair value as of the dates presented, given several hypothetical (instantaneous) changes in home values from those used in the determination of fair value:
Property value shift
As of June 30, 2012:
Fair value
$
%
Change in fair value as of December 31, 2011
79
The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair value of our portfolio of non-Agency MBS as of the dates presented, given several hypothetical (instantaneous) shifts in interest rates and parallel shifts in the yield curve:
Interest rate shift in basis points
The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair value of our portfolio of Agency MBS, net of the effect of MBS swaptions purchased as a financial hedge to changes in fair value, as of the dates presented, given several hypothetical (instantaneous) shifts in interest rates and parallel shifts in the yield curve:
The following tables summarize the estimated change in fair value of MSRs accounted for using the amortization method as of June 30, 2012, given several shifts in pricing spreads, prepayment speed and annual per-loan cost of servicing:
Pricing spread shift in %
Prepayment speed shift in %
Per-loan servicing cost shift in %
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The following tables summarize the estimated change in fair value of MSRs accounted for using the fair value option method as of June 30, 2012, given several shifts in pricing spreads, prepayment speed and annual per-loan cost of servicing:
Pricing spread rate shift in %
Factors That May Affect Our Future Results
This Report contains certain forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “continue,” “plan” or other similar words or expressions.
Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain financial and operating projections or state other forward-looking information. Examples of forward-looking statements include the following:
projections of our revenues, income, earnings per share, capital structure or other financial items;
descriptions of our plans or objectives for future operations, products or services;
forecasts of our future economic performance, interest rates, profit margins and our share of future markets; and
descriptions of assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing expectations regarding the timing of generating any revenues.
Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future events, actions, plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. There are a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ significantly from management’s expectations. Some of these factors are discussed below.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this Report and as set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report.
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Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated include, but are not limited to:
changes in our investment objectives or investment or operational strategies, including any new lines of business or new products and services that may subject us to additional risks;
volatility in our industry, interest rates and spreads, the debt or equity markets, the general economy or the residential finance and real estate markets specifically, whether the result of market events or otherwise;
events or circumstances which undermine confidence in the financial markets or otherwise have a broad impact on financial markets, such as a credit downgrade of U.S. Government obligations, the sudden instability or collapse of large depository institutions or other significant corporations, terrorist attacks, natural or man-made disasters, or threatened or actual armed conflicts;
changes in general business, economic, market, employment, or in consumer confidence and spending habits and political conditions from those expected;
continued declines in residential real estate and significant changes in U.S. housing prices and/or activity in the U.S. housing market;
the availability of, and level of competition for, attractive risk-adjusted investment opportunities in residential mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets that satisfy our investment objectives and investment strategies;
our success in winning bids to acquire loans;
the concentration of credit and real estate risks to which we are exposed;
the degree and nature of our competition;
changes in personnel and lack of availability of qualified personnel;
our dependence on PCM and PLS and potential conflicts of interest with PCM, PLS and their affiliated entities, and the performance of such entities;
the availability, terms and deployment of short-term and long-term capital;
the adequacy of our cash reserves and working capital;
our ability to match the interest rates and maturities of our assets with our financing;
the costs and effectiveness of our hedging efforts in relation to our commitments to purchase, our inventory of mortgage loans acquired for sale and our investments in MSRs;
the timing and amount of cash flows, if any, from our investments;
unanticipated increases in financing and other costs, including a rise in interest rates;
the performance, financial condition and liquidity of borrowers;
incomplete or inaccurate information or documentation provided by customers or counterparties, or adverse changes in the financial condition of our customers and counterparties;
the quality and enforceability of the collateral documentation evidencing our ownership and rights in the assets in which we invest;
increased rates of delinquency, default and/or decreased recovery rates on our investments;
our ability to foreclose on our mortgage loan investments and liquidate the resulting real estate in a timely and cost-effective manner or at all;
increased prepayments of the mortgages and other loans underlying our MBS, MSRs and other investments;
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the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;
the effect of the accuracy of or changes in the estimates we make about uncertainties and contingencies when measuring and reporting upon our financial condition and income;
our failure to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting;
our ability to obtain and/or maintain licenses and other approvals in those jurisdictions where required to conduct our business;
our ability to comply with various federal, state and local laws that govern our business;
developments in the secondary markets for our mortgage loan products;
legislative and regulatory changes that impact the mortgage loan industry or housing market;
changes in regulations or the occurrence of other events that impact the business, operation or prospects of GSEs or government agencies such as the FHA or Veterans Administration;
the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and any other legislative and regulatory changes that impact the business, operations or governance of publicly-traded companies;
changes in government support of homeownership;
changes in government or government-sponsored home affordability programs;
changes in governmental regulations, accounting treatment, tax rates and similar matters (including changes to laws governing the taxation of REITs or the exclusions from registration as an investment company);
limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules for us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and qualify for an exclusion from the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to qualify as REITs or as subsidiaries to qualify as TRSs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to operate effectively within the limitations imposed by these rules;
estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our shareholders in the future;
the effect of public opinion on our reputation; and
the occurrence of natural disasters or other events or circumstances that could impact our operations.
Other factors that could also cause results to differ from our expectations may not be described in this Report or any other document. Each of these factors could by itself, or together with one or more other factors, adversely affect our business, income and/or financial condition.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
In response to this Item 3, the information set forth on pages 79 and 81 is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. However, no matter how well a control system is designed and operated, it can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.
Our management has conducted an evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act. Based on our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2012 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings, claims and actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of June 30, 2012, we were not involved in any such legal proceedings, claims or actions that would be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us.
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2012.
None
Not applicable
85
ExhibitNumber
Exhibit Description
86
87
88
89
90
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant)
/S/ STANFORD L. KURLAND
/S/ ANNE D. MCCALLION
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INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number