UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
Or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-34416
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland
27-0186273
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
3043 Townsgate Road, Westlake Village, California
91361
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(818) 224-7442
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Trading Symbol (s)
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 Par Value
PMT
New York Stock Exchange
8.125% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 Par Value
PMT/PA
8.00% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
PMT/PB
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
Outstanding at October 31, 2019
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 par value
90,982,227
PENNYMAC MORTGAGE INVESTMENT TRUST
FORM 10-Q
September 30, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
1
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
4
Item 1.
Financial Statements (Unaudited):
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
10
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
64
Our Company
Results of Operations
68
Net Investment Income
69
Expenses
82
Balance Sheet Analysis
85
Asset Acquisitions
Investment Portfolio Composition
86
Cash Flows
92
Liquidity and Capital Resources
93
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
95
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
97
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
99
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
100
Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5.
Other Information
Item 6.
Exhibits
101
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) contains certain forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “continue,” “plan” or other similar words or expressions.
Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain financial and operating projections or state other forward-looking information. Examples of forward-looking statements include the following:
•
projections of our revenues, income, earnings per share, capital structure or other financial items;
descriptions of our plans or objectives for future operations, products or services;
forecasts of our future economic performance, interest rates, profit margins and our share of future markets; and
descriptions of assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing expectations regarding the timing of generating any revenues.
Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future events, actions, plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. There are a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control that could cause actual results to differ significantly from management’s expectations. Some of these factors are discussed below.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this Report and the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2019.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated include, but are not limited to:
changes in our investment objectives or investment or operational strategies, including any new lines of business or new products and services that may subject us to additional risks;
the occurrence of natural disasters or other events or circumstances that could impact our operations;
volatility in our industry, the debt or equity markets, the general economy or the real estate finance and real estate markets specifically, whether the result of market events or otherwise;
events or circumstances which undermine confidence in the financial and housing markets or otherwise have a broad impact on financial and housing markets, such as the sudden instability or collapse of large depository institutions or other significant corporations, terrorist attacks, natural or man-made disasters, or threatened or actual armed conflicts;
changes in general business, economic, market, employment and domestic and international political conditions, or in consumer confidence and spending habits from those expected;
declines in real estate or significant changes in U.S. housing prices or activity in the U.S. housing market;
the availability of, and level of competition for, attractive risk-adjusted investment opportunities in loans and mortgage-related assets that satisfy our investment objectives;
the inherent difficulty in winning bids to acquire loans, and our success in doing so;
the concentration of credit risks to which we are exposed;
the degree and nature of our competition;
our dependence on our manager and servicer, potential conflicts of interest with such entities and their affiliates, and the performance of such entities;
changes in personnel and lack of availability of qualified personnel at our manager, servicer or their affiliates;
the availability, terms and deployment of short-term and long-term capital;
the adequacy of our cash reserves and working capital;
our ability to maintain the desired relationship between our financing and the interest rates and maturities of our assets;
the timing and amount of cash flows, if any, from our investments;
unanticipated increases or volatility in financing and other costs, including a rise in interest rates;
the performance, financial condition and liquidity of borrowers;
the ability of our servicer, which also provides us with fulfillment services, to approve and monitor correspondent sellers and underwrite loans to investor standards;
incomplete or inaccurate information or documentation provided by customers or counterparties, or adverse changes in the financial condition of our customers and counterparties;
our indemnification and repurchase obligations in connection with loans we purchase and later sell or securitize;
the quality and enforceability of the collateral documentation evidencing our ownership and rights in the assets in which we invest;
increased rates of delinquency, default and/or decreased recovery rates on our investments;
the performance of loans underlying mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) in which we retain credit risk;
our ability to foreclose on our investments in a timely manner or at all;
increased prepayments of the mortgages and other loans underlying our MBS or relating to our mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), excess servicing spread (“ESS”) and other investments;
the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;
the effect of the accuracy of or changes in the estimates we make about uncertainties, contingencies and asset and liability valuations when measuring and reporting upon our financial condition and results of operations;
our ability to maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting;
our exposure to risks of loss and disruptions in operations resulting from adverse weather conditions and man-made or natural disasters;
technologies for loans and our ability to mitigate security risks and cyber intrusions;
our ability to obtain and/or maintain licenses and other approvals in those jurisdictions where required to conduct our business;
our ability to detect misconduct and fraud;
our ability to comply with various federal, state and local laws and regulations that govern our business;
developments in the secondary markets for our mortgage loan products;
legislative and regulatory changes that impact the mortgage loan industry or housing market;
changes in regulations or the occurrence of other events that impact the business, operations or prospects of government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”) or the Veterans Administration (the “VA”), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), or government-sponsored entities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae are each referred to as an “Agency” and, collectively, as the “Agencies”), or such changes that increase the cost of doing business with such entities;
the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and its implementing regulations and regulatory agencies, and any other legislative and regulatory changes that impact the business, operations or governance of mortgage lenders and/or publicly-traded companies;
the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) and its issued and future rules and the enforcement thereof;
changes in government support of homeownership;
changes in government or government-sponsored home affordability programs;
2
limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules for us to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and qualify for an exclusion from the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”) and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to qualify as REITs or as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as applicable, and our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to operate effectively within the limitations imposed by these rules;
changes in governmental regulations, accounting treatment, tax rates and similar matters (including changes to laws governing the taxation of REITs, or the exclusions from registration as an investment company);
our ability to make distributions to our shareholders in the future;
our failure to deal appropriately with issues that may give rise to reputational risk; and
our organizational structure and certain requirements in our charter documents.
Other factors that could also cause results to differ from our expectations may not be described in this Report or any other document. Each of these factors could by itself, or together with one or more other factors, adversely affect our business, results of operations and/or financial condition.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.
3
Item 1. Financial Statements
PENNYMAC MORTGAGE INVESTMENT TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
September 30,
December 31,
2019
2018
(in thousands, except share information)
ASSETS
Cash
$
113,651
59,845
Short-term investments at fair value
74,895
74,850
Mortgage-backed securities at fair value pledged to creditors
2,325,010
2,610,422
Loans acquired for sale at fair value ($3,918,040 and $1,621,879 pledged to creditors, respectively)
3,947,368
1,643,957
Loans at fair value ($289,442 and $399,266 pledged to creditors, respectively)
290,527
408,305
Excess servicing spread purchased from PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. at fair value
pledged to secure Assets sold to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. under agreements to
repurchase
183,141
216,110
Derivative and credit risk transfer strip assets ($162,342 and $87,976 pledged to
creditors, respectively)
274,444
167,165
Firm commitment to purchase credit risk transfer securities at fair value
54,734
37,994
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans ($51,291 and $40,198 pledged to creditors, respectively)
79,201
85,681
Real estate held for investment ($23,262 pledged to creditors at December 31, 2018)
—
43,110
Deposits securing credit risk transfer arrangements pledged to creditors
2,044,250
1,146,501
Mortgage servicing rights at fair value ($1,142,867 and $1,139,582 pledged to
1,162,714
1,162,369
Servicing advances
32,057
67,666
Due from PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
4,993
4,077
Other
157,624
85,309
Total assets
10,744,609
7,813,361
LIABILITIES
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase
6,355,476
4,777,027
Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements
178,639
Exchangeable senior notes
249,269
248,350
Notes payable
1,361,142
445,573
Asset-backed financing of a variable interest entity at fair value
261,209
276,499
Interest-only security payable at fair value
24,729
36,011
Assets sold to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. under agreements to repurchase
107,678
131,025
Derivative liabilities
9,160
5,914
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
108,913
70,687
Due to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
39,744
33,464
Income taxes payable
36,526
Liability for losses under representations and warranties
7,678
7,514
Total liabilities
8,524,998
6,247,229
Commitments and contingencies ─ Note 20
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share, authorized 100,000,000 shares,
issued and outstanding 12,400,000 shares, liquidation preference $310,000,000
299,707
Common shares of beneficial interest—authorized, 500,000,000 common shares of $0.01
par value; issued and outstanding, 90,345,127 and 60,951,444 common shares, respectively
903
610
Additional paid-in capital
1,901,852
1,285,533
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
17,149
(19,718
)
Total shareholders’ equity
2,219,611
1,566,132
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) included in total assets and liabilities (the assets of each VIE can only be used to settle liabilities of that VIE):
(in thousands)
Loans at fair value
275,172
290,573
Derivative and credit risk transfer strip assets
188,951
123,987
Deposits securing credit risk transfer arrangements
Other—interest receivable
764
839
2,509,137
1,561,900
Asset-backed financing at fair value
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities—interest payable
286,702
313,349
5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
Quarter ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net investment income
Net gain (loss) on investments:
From nonaffiliates
49,224
7,977
238,844
24,233
From PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
(3,435
1,706
(10,208
10,977
45,789
9,683
228,636
35,210
Net gain on loans acquired for sale:
45,054
22,121
95,472
33,358
4,206
2,689
9,355
8,221
49,260
24,810
104,827
41,579
Loan origination fees
25,470
12,424
56,038
28,311
Net loan servicing fees:
Loan servicing fees
Contractually specified
76,377
49,864
204,568
147,262
6,994
3,111
16,610
6,674
83,371
52,975
221,178
153,936
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights
(79,680
(9,142
(303,805
(27,369
3,691
43,833
(82,627
126,567
1,468
561
3,117
1,568
5,159
44,394
(79,510
128,135
Interest income:
85,510
58,584
214,551
144,064
2,291
3,740
8,124
11,584
87,801
62,324
222,675
155,648
Interest expense:
To nonaffiliates
82,702
44,797
199,849
115,804
To PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
1,527
1,812
5,015
5,686
84,229
46,609
204,864
121,490
Net interest income
3,572
15,715
17,811
34,158
Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans
702
(310
1,297
(5,833
808
1,785
4,680
5,605
130,760
108,501
333,779
267,165
Earned by PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.:
Loan fulfillment fees
45,149
26,256
102,313
52,759
12,964
10,071
35,102
30,521
Management fees
10,098
6,482
26,178
17,906
Loan origination
4,328
2,136
9,723
3,980
Compensation
1,644
1,924
5,384
5,412
Professional services
1,430
2,616
4,490
5,692
Loan collection and liquidation
1,551
2,747
4,382
6,899
5,463
4,607
14,837
12,210
Total expenses
82,627
56,839
202,409
135,379
Income before (benefit from) provision for income taxes
48,133
51,662
131,370
131,786
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes
(21,867
5,100
(36,390
20,613
Net income
70,000
46,562
167,760
111,173
Dividends on preferred shares
6,234
6,235
18,703
Net income attributable to common shareholders
63,766
40,327
149,057
92,470
Earnings per common share
Basic
0.75
0.66
2.00
1.51
Diluted
0.71
0.62
1.90
1.44
Weighted average common shares outstanding
84,367
60,950
74,212
60,880
92,834
69,417
82,679
69,347
Dividends declared per common share
0.47
1.41
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
Preferred shares
Common shares
(Accumulated
Number
Additional
deficit)
of
Par
paid-in
Retained
shares
Amount
value
capital
earnings
Total
Balance at June 30, 2018
12,400
60,951
1,282,971
(37,801
1,545,487
Share-based compensation
1,566
Dividends:
Common shares ($0.47 per share)
(28,816
(6,236
Balance at September 30, 2018
1,284,537
(26,291
1,558,563
Balance at June 30, 2019
78,607
786
1,647,186
(3,745
1,943,934
1,316
Issuance of common shares
11,737
117
256,240
256,357
Issuance costs relating to common shares
(2,890
(42,870
Balance at September 30, 2019
90,345
Balance at December 31, 2017
61,334
613
1,290,931
(46,666
1,544,585
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting
principle—Adoption of fair value
accounting for mortgage servicing rights
14,361
Balance at January 1, 2018
(32,305
1,558,946
288
4,319
4,322
Common shares ($1.41 per share)
(86,451
(18,708
Repurchase of common shares
(671
(6
(10,713
(10,719
Balance at December 31, 2018
241
1,746
1,748
29,153
291
622,254
622,545
(7,681
(112,185
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
Cash flows from operating activities
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net gain on investments
(228,636
(35,210
Net gain on loans acquired for sale at fair value
(104,827
(41,579
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights, net of hedging results
303,805
27,368
Accrual of interest on excess servicing spread purchased from PennyMac
Financial Services, Inc.
(8,124
(11,584
Capitalization of interest and fees on loans at fair value
(2,109
(6,543
Amortization of debt issuance (premiums) and costs, net
(3,004
(3,193
Accrual of unearned discounts and amortization of premiums on mortgage-backed
securities, loans at fair value, and asset-backed financing of a VIE
14,141
2,731
(1,297
5,833
Share-based compensation expense
4,348
Reversal of contingent underwriting fees
(1,134
Purchase of loans acquired for sale at fair value from nonaffiliates
(69,809,116
(46,127,315
Purchase of loans acquired for sale at fair value from PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
(4,095,079
(2,336,162
Repurchase of loans subject to representation and warranties
(14,612
(8,243
Sale to nonaffiliates and repayment of loans acquired for sale at fair value
38,461,850
18,992,722
Sale of loans acquired for sale to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
32,619,639
28,584,762
Settlement of repurchase agreement derivatives
19,317
5,626
Decrease in servicing advances
36,079
37,506
(Increase) decrease in due from PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
(933
1,769
Decrease (increase) in other assets
314,937
(31,419
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
25,679
5,938
Increase in due to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
6,238
348
(Decrease) increase in income taxes payable
(36,526
19,713
Net cash used in operating activities
(2,331,604
(801,437
Cash flows from investing activities
Net increase in short-term investments
(45
(8,338
Purchase of mortgage-backed securities at fair value
(609,569
(1,316,200
Sales and repayment of mortgage-backed securities at fair value
959,673
126,243
Repurchase of loans at fair value
(886
Sale and repayment of loans at fair value
113,816
398,488
Repayment of excess servicing spread by PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
30,901
35,852
Settlement of firm commitment to purchase credit risk transfer securities
31,925
Net settlement of derivative financial instruments
(24,144
1,300
Sale of real estate acquired in settlement of loans
61,465
84,645
Sale of mortgage servicing rights
Deposit of cash securing credit risk transfer arrangements
(933,370
(96,446
Distribution from credit risk transfer agreements
113,219
87,596
(Increase) decrease in margin deposits
(113,400
4,617
Net cash used in investing activities
(370,415
(682,143
Cash flows from financing activities
Sale of assets under agreements to repurchase
95,477,103
60,463,168
Repurchase of assets sold under agreements to repurchase
(93,898,705
(59,250,379
Issuance of mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements
3,949,104
4,603,429
Repayment of mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements
(4,127,830
(4,616,304
Issuance of notes payable
933,730
450,000
Repayment of notes payable
(16,503
Repayment of asset-backed financing of a variable interest entity at fair value
(25,381
(16,721
Sale of assets to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. under agreements to repurchase
2,208
Repurchase of assets sold to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. under
agreement to repurchase
(23,347
(13,208
Payment of debt issuance costs
(7,398
(11,125
Payment of dividends to preferred shareholders
Payment of dividends to common shareholders
(98,131
(86,779
Payment of issuance costs related to common shares
Payment of vested share-based compensation withholdings
(2,600
Payment of contingent underwriting fees payable
(373
Net cash provided by financing activities
2,755,825
1,494,862
Net increase in cash
53,806
11,282
Cash at beginning of period
77,647
Cash at end of period
88,929
9
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1—Organization
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust (“PMT” or the “Company”) is a specialty finance company, which, through its subsidiaries (all of which are wholly-owned), invests primarily in residential mortgage-related assets. The Company operates in four segments: credit sensitive strategies, interest rate sensitive strategies, correspondent productions, and corporate:
The credit sensitive strategies segment represents the Company’s investments in credit risk transfer (“CRT”) arrangements, including CRT agreements (“CRT Agreements”) and CRT strips, distressed loans, real estate acquired in settlement of loans (“REO”), real estate held for investment, non-Agency subordinated bonds and small balance commercial real estate loans.
The interest rate sensitive strategies segment represents the Company’s investments in mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), excess servicing spread purchased from PFSI (“ESS”), Agency and senior non-Agency mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and the related interest rate hedging activities.
The correspondent production segment represents the Company’s operations aimed at serving as an intermediary between lenders and the capital markets by purchasing, pooling and reselling newly originated prime credit quality loans either directly or in the form of MBS, using the services of PNMAC Capital Management, LLC (“PCM” or the “Manager”) and PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS”), both indirect controlled subsidiaries of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (“PFSI”).
Almost all of the loans the Company has acquired in its correspondent production activities have been eligible for sale to government-sponsored entities (“GSEs”) such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or through government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae are each referred to as an “Agency” and, collectively, as the “Agencies.”
The corporate segment includes management fees, corporate expense amounts and certain interest income.
The Company conducts substantially all of its operations and makes substantially all of its investments through its subsidiary, PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), and the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries. A wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company is the sole general partner, and the Company is the sole limited partner, of the Operating Partnership.
The Company believes that it qualifies, and has elected to be taxed, as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. To maintain its tax status as a REIT, the Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income in the form of qualifying distributions to shareholders.
Note 2—Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) as codified in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial information and with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements and notes do not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. This interim consolidated information should be read together with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be anticipated for the full year. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Preparation of financial statements in compliance with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results will likely differ from those estimates.
The Company held no restricted cash during the periods presented. Therefore, the consolidated statements of cash flows do not include references to restricted cash.
Note 3—Accounting Development
Stock Compensation
The Company adopted the FASB’s Accounting Standard Update 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”), effective January 1, 2019. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of the Compensation—Stock Compensation topic of the ASC, which provides accounting guidance relating to share-based payments issued to employees, to include share-based payments issued to non-employees of the Manager and its affiliates for goods or services.
The Company issues share-based compensation to certain employees of the Manager and its affiliates. Through December 31, 2018, the Company accounted for share-based payments to employees of the Manager and its affiliates under the guidance of the Equity – Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees topic of the ASC. Under that topic, the measure of cost relating to such grants was generally established based on the fair value of the shares upon vesting of the share-based awards. Accordingly, the Manager’s estimate of compensation costs, and by extension periodic expense amounts, fluctuated with movements in the Company’s common share price during the period that expense relating to the grants is being recognized.
As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the cost of share-based grants made to employees of the Manager and its affiliates are fixed at the date of the grant for restricted share units issued to employees of the Manager and its affiliates and variable to the extent of changes in performance attainment expectations for performance share units issued to all grantees.
Upon adoption of ASU 2018-07, the Company did not record a cumulative effect adjustment to its accumulated deficit.
Note 4—Concentration of Risks
As discussed in Note 1— Organization above, PMT’s operations and investing activities are centered in residential mortgage-related assets, including CRT arrangements, MSRs and distressed loans. CRT arrangements and distressed loans are more sensitive to borrower creditworthiness than other mortgage investments such as traditional loans and MBS. MSRs are sensitive to changes in interest rate expectations.
Credit Risk
The Company’s retention of credit risk through its investment in CRT arrangements subjects it to risks associated with delinquency and foreclosure similar to the risks associated with owning the related loans, which is greater than the risk of loss associated with selling such loans to Fannie Mae without the retention of such credit risk.
CRT Agreements are structured such that loans that reach a specific number of days delinquent will trigger losses chargeable to the CRT Agreements in proportion to the size of the loan and a contractual schedule of loss severity. Therefore, the risks associated with delinquency and foreclosure may in some instances be greater than the risks associated with owning the related loans because the structure of the CRT Agreements provides that the Company may be required to absorb losses in the event of delinquency or foreclosure even when there is ultimately no loss realized with respect to such loans (e.g., as a result of a borrower’s re-performance).
Unlike the Company’s investment in CRT Agreements before June 2018, the structure of its investment in CRT strips requires the Company to absorb incurred losses when the reference loans realize actual losses.
Note 6 – Loan Sales and Variable Interest Entities details the Company’s investments in CRT arrangements whereby the Company sells pools of recently-originated loans into Fannie Mae-guaranteed securitizations while either:
through May 2018, entering into CRT Agreements, whereby it retains a portion of the credit risk underlying such loans as part of the retention of an interest-only (“IO”) ownership interest in such loans and an obligation to absorb credit losses arising from such loans (“Recourse Obligations”); or
beginning in June 2018, entering into firm commitments to purchase CRT securities that absorb losses from defaults of such loans and, upon purchase of such securities, holding CRT strips representing an interest-only ownership interest that absorbs credit losses arising from such loans.
11
Fair Value Risk
The Company is exposed to market risk in addition to the risks specific to credit and, as a result of prevailing market conditions or the economy generally, may be required to recognize losses associated with adverse changes to the fair value of its investment in MSRs and CRT arrangements, including its firm commitment to purchase CRT securities:
MSRs are generally subject to loss in fair value when mortgage interest rates decrease. Decreasing mortgage interest rates normally encourages increased mortgage refinancing activity. Increased refinancing activity reduces the expected life of the underlying loans, thereby reducing the cash flows expected to accrue to the MSRs. Reductions in the fair value of MSRs affect income primarily through recognition of the change in fair value.
The Company makes a firm commitment to purchase the CRT securities at the beginning of the aggregation period and before the settlement of the CRT strips. The Company has elected to account for these commitments at fair value. Accordingly, the Company recognizes the fair value of such commitment as it sells loans subject to the firm commitment, and also recognizes changes in fair value of the firm commitment during the time it is outstanding.
Note 5—Transactions with Related Parties
Operating Activities
Correspondent Production Activities
The Company is provided fulfillment and other services by PLS under an amended and restated mortgage banking services agreement.
Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the monthly fulfillment fee is an amount that shall equal (a) no greater than the product of (i) 0.35% and (ii) the aggregate initial unpaid principal balance (the “Initial UPB”) of all loans purchased in such month, plus (b) in the case of all loans other than loans sold to or securitized through Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, no greater than the product of (i) 0.50% and (ii) the aggregate Initial UPB of all such loans sold and securitized in such month; provided however, that no fulfillment fee shall be due or payable to PLS with respect to any loans underwritten to the Ginnie Mae MBS Guide.
The Company does not hold the Ginnie Mae approval required to issue securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae MBS and act as a servicer. Accordingly, under the agreement, PLS currently purchases loans saleable in accordance with the Ginnie Mae MBS Guide “as is” and without recourse of any kind from the Company at cost less any administrative fees paid by the correspondent to the Company plus accrued interest and a sourcing fee ranging from two to three and one-half basis points, generally based on the average number of calendar days loans are held by the Company prior to purchase by PLS.
The mortgage banking services agreement expires on September 12, 2020, subject to automatic renewal for additional 18-month periods, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
The Company purchases newly originated conforming balance non-government insured or guaranteed loans from PLS under a mortgage loan purchase and sale agreement.
Following is a summary of correspondent production activity between the Company and PLS:
Loan fulfillment fees earned by PLS
UPB of loans fulfilled by PLS
16,647,172
7,517,883
35,523,802
17,139,884
Sourcing fees received from PLS included in
Net gain on loans acquired for sale
UPB of loans sold to PLS
14,022,222
8,916,654
31,183,950
27,404,022
Purchases of loans acquired for sale from PLS
1,876,358
908,525
4,095,079
2,336,162
Tax service fee paid to PLS
4,222
2,119
9,567
4,869
December 31, 2018
Loans included in loans acquired for sale at fair value
pending sale to PLS
595,059
86,308
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Loan Servicing
The Company, through its Operating Partnership, has an amended and restated mortgage loan servicing agreement with PLS dated as of September 12, 2016, pursuant to which PLS provides subservicing for the Company's portfolio of residential loans and its portfolio of MSRs. The servicing agreement provides for servicing fees earned by PLS that are based on a percentage of the loan’s unpaid principal balance or fixed per loan monthly amounts based on the delinquency, bankruptcy and/or foreclosure status of the serviced loan or REO. PLS is also entitled to market-based fees and charges including boarding and deboarding fees, liquidation and disposition, assumption, modification and origination fees and a percentage of late charges relating to loans it services for the Company.
The base servicing fee rates for distressed loans range from $30 per month for current loans up to $85 per month for loans where the borrower has declared bankruptcy. The base servicing fee rate for REO is $75 per month.
To the extent that the Company rents its REO under an REO rental program, the Company pays PLS an REO rental fee of $30 per month per REO, an REO property lease renewal fee of $100 per lease renewal, and a property management fee in an amount equal to PLS’ cost if property management services and/or any related software costs are outsourced to a third-party property management firm or 9% of gross rental income if PLS provides property management services directly. PLS is also entitled to retain any tenant paid application fees and late rent fees and seek reimbursement for certain third party vendor fees.
Except as otherwise provided in the MSR recapture agreement, when PLS effects a refinancing of a loan on behalf of the Company and not through a third-party lender and the resulting loan is readily saleable, or PLS originates a loan to facilitate the disposition of an REO, PLS is entitled to receive from the Company market-based fees and compensation consistent with pricing and terms PLS offers unaffiliated parties on a retail basis.
PLS is required to provide a range of services and activities significantly greater in scope than the services provided in connection with a customary servicing arrangement because the Company has a small number of employees and limited infrastructure. For these services, PLS receives a supplemental fee of $25 per month for each distressed loan. PLS is entitled to reimbursement for all customary, good faith reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred in the performance of its servicing obligations.
PLS, on behalf of the Company, is entitled to retain any incentive payments made to it and to which it is entitled under the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Home Affordable Modification Plan (“HAMP”); provided, however, that with respect to any such incentive payments paid to PLS under HAMP in connection with a loan modification for which the Company previously paid PLS a modification fee, PLS shall reimburse the Company an amount equal to the incentive payments.
PLS is also entitled to certain activity-based fees for distressed loans that are charged based on the achievement of certain events. These fees range from $750 for a streamline modification to $1,750 for a full modification or liquidation and $500 for a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. PLS is not entitled to earn more than one liquidation fee, reperformance fee or modification fee per loan in any 18-month period.
The base servicing fees for non-distressed loans subserviced by PLS on the Company’s behalf are also calculated through a monthly per-loan dollar amount, with the actual dollar amount for each loan based on whether the loan is a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate loan. The base servicing fees for loans subserviced on the Company’s behalf are $7.50 per month for fixed-rate loans and $8.50 per month for adjustable-rate loans.
To the extent that these non-distressed loans become delinquent, PLS is entitled to an additional servicing fee per loan ranging from $10 to $55 per month and based on the delinquency, bankruptcy and foreclosure status of the loan or $75 per month if the underlying mortgaged property becomes REO. PLS is also entitled to customary ancillary income and certain market-based fees and charges, including boarding and deboarding fees, liquidation and disposition fees, assumption, modification and origination fees.
The term of the servicing agreement expires on September 12, 2020, subject to automatic renewal for additional 18-month periods, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the servicing agreement.
Pursuant to the terms of an amended and restated MSR recapture agreement, if PLS refinances loans for which the Company previously held the MSRs, PLS is generally required to transfer and convey to one of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries cash in an amount equal to 30% of the fair market value of the MSRs related to all the loans so originated. The MSR recapture agreement expires, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the agreement, on September 12, 2020, subject to automatic renewal for additional 18-month periods.
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Following is a summary of loan servicing fees earned by PLS and MSR recapture income earned from PLS:
Loan servicing fees:
Loans acquired for sale at fair value
507
316
1,131
739
858
1,271
1,938
5,528
MSRs
11,599
8,484
32,033
24,254
Average investment in:
3,077,919
1,833,232
2,263,362
1,460,547
Loans at fair value:
Distressed
71,527
417,487
93,545
537,300
Held in a VIE
282,021
299,415
285,945
306,856
Average MSR portfolio UPB
111,459,832
81,350,980
103,407,919
77,522,709
MSR recapture income recognized included in
Net loan servicing fees —from PennyMac
Management Fees
The Company has a management agreement with PCM, which was amended and restated effective as of September 12, 2016. Under the management agreement, the Company pays PCM management fees as follows:
A base management fee that is calculated quarterly and is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% per year of average shareholders’ equity up to $2 billion, (ii) 1.375% per year of average shareholders’ equity in excess of $2 billion and up to $5 billion, and (iii) 1.25% per year of average shareholders’ equity in excess of $5 billion.
A performance incentive fee that is calculated quarterly at a defined annualized percentage of the amount by which “net income,” on a rolling four-quarter basis and before deducting the incentive fee, exceeds certain levels of return on “equity.”
The performance incentive fee is equal to the sum of: (a) 10% of the amount by which “net income” for the quarter exceeds (i) an 8% return on equity plus the high watermark, up to (ii) a 12% return on equity; plus (b) 15% of the amount by which “net income” for the quarter exceeds (i) a 12% return on equity plus the high watermark, up to (ii) a 16% return on equity; plus (c) 20% of the amount by which “net income” for the quarter exceeds a 16% return on equity plus the high watermark.
For the purpose of determining the amount of the performance incentive fee:
“Net income” is defined as net income or loss attributable to common shares of beneficial interest computed in accordance with GAAP and certain other non-cash charges determined after discussions between PCM and the Company’s independent trustees and after approval by a majority of the Company’s independent trustees.
“Equity” is the weighted average of the issue price per common share of all of the Company’s public offerings, multiplied by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (including restricted share units) in the rolling four-quarter period.
“High watermark” is the quarterly adjustment that reflects the amount by which the “net income” (stated as a percentage of return on equity) in that quarter exceeds or falls short of the lesser of 8% and the average Fannie Mae 30-year MBS yield (the target yield) for the four quarters then ended. The “high watermark” starts at zero and is adjusted quarterly. If the “net income” is lower than the target yield, the high watermark is increased by the difference. If the “net income” is higher than the target yield, the high watermark is reduced by the difference. Each time a performance incentive fee is earned, the high watermark returns to zero. As a result, the threshold amounts required for PCM to earn a performance incentive fee are adjusted cumulatively based on the performance of PMT’s “net income” over (or under) the target yield, until the “net income” in excess of the target yield exceeds the then-current cumulative high watermark amount.
The base management fee and the performance incentive fee are both payable quarterly in arrears. The performance incentive fee may be paid in cash or a combination of cash and the Company’s common shares (subject to a limit of no more than 50% paid in common shares), at the Company’s option.
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The management agreement expires on September 12, 2020, subject to automatic renewal for additional 18-month periods, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the agreement. In the event of termination of the management agreement between the Company and PCM, PCM may be entitled to a termination fee in certain circumstances. The termination fee is equal to three times the sum of (a) the average annual base management fee, and (b) the average annual performance incentive fee earned by PCM, in each case during the 24-month period immediately preceding the date of termination.
Following is a summary of the management fees payable to PCM recorded by the Company:
Base management
7,914
5,799
20,862
17,223
Performance incentive
2,184
683
5,316
Average shareholders' equity amounts used to
calculate management fee expense
2,101,646
1,533,861
In the event of termination of the management agreement between the Company and PCM, PCM may be entitled to a termination fee in certain circumstances. The termination fee is equal to three times the sum of (a) the average annual base management fee, and (b) the average annual performance incentive fee earned by PCM, in each case during the 24-month period before termination.
Expense Reimbursement and Amounts Payable to and Receivable from PCM
Under the management agreement, PCM is entitled to reimbursement of its organizational and operating expenses, including third-party expenses, incurred on the Company’s behalf, it being understood that PCM and its affiliates shall allocate a portion of their personnel’s time to provide certain legal, tax and investor relations services for the direct benefit of the Company. With respect to the allocation of PCM’s and its affiliates’ compensation expenses, from and after September 12, 2016, PCM shall be reimbursed $120,000 per fiscal quarter, such amount to be reviewed annually and to not preclude reimbursement for any other services performed by PCM or its affiliates.
The Company is required to pay PCM and its affiliates a portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of PCM and its affiliates required for the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ operations. These expenses are allocated based on the ratio of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ proportion of gross assets compared to all remaining gross assets managed by PCM as calculated at each fiscal quarter end.
Following is a summary of the Company’s reimbursements to PCM and its affiliates for expenses:
Reimbursement of:
Common overhead incurred by PCM and its
affiliates
1,543
1,210
4,055
3,387
Expenses incurred on the Company’s behalf,
net
1,942
527
3,001
586
120
360
3,605
1,857
7,416
4,333
Payments and settlements during the period (1)
68,191
21,650
111,411
45,265
(1)
Payments and settlements include payments and netting settlements made pursuant to master netting agreements between the Company and PFSI for the operating, investing and financing activities itemized in this Note.
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Investing Activities
Spread Acquisition and MSR Servicing Agreements
On December 19, 2016, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, PennyMac Holdings, LLC (“PMH”), amended and restated a master spread acquisition and MSR servicing agreement with PLS (the “Spread Acquisition Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company may purchase from PLS, from time to time, the right to receive participation certificates representing beneficial ownership in ESS arising from Ginnie Mae MSRs acquired by PLS, in which case PLS generally would be required to service or subservice the related loans for Ginnie Mae. The primary purpose of the amendment and restatement was to facilitate the continued financing of the ESS owned by the Company in connection with the parties’ participation in the GNMA MSR Facility (as defined below).
To the extent PLS refinances any of the loans relating to the ESS the Company has acquired, the Spread Acquisition Agreement also contains recapture provisions requiring that PLS transfer to the Company, at no cost, the ESS relating to a certain percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the newly originated loans. However, under the Spread Acquisition Agreement, in any month where the transferred ESS relating to newly originated Ginnie Mae loans is not equal to at least 90% of the product of the excess servicing fee rate and the unpaid principal balance of the refinanced loans, PLS is also required to transfer additional ESS or cash in the amount of such shortfall. Similarly, in any month where the transferred ESS relating to modified Ginnie Mae loans is not equal to at least 90% of the product of the excess servicing fee rate and the unpaid principal balance of the modified loans, the Spread Acquisition Agreement contains provisions that require PLS to transfer additional ESS or cash in the amount of such shortfall. To the extent the fair market value of the aggregate ESS to be transferred for the applicable month is less than $200,000, PLS may, at its option, settle its recapture liability to the Company in cash in an amount equal to such fair market value in lieu of transferring such ESS.
Following is a summary of investing activities between the Company and PFSI:
ESS:
Received pursuant to a recapture agreement
377
499
1,327
1,983
Repayments and sales
9,819
11,543
Interest income
Net (loss) gain included in Net gain (loss)
on investments:
Valuation changes
(3,864
1,109
(11,519
9,026
Recapture income
429
597
1,311
1,951
Excess servicing spread purchased from
PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. at fair value
Financing Activities
PFSI held 75,000 of the Company’s common shares at both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Repurchase Agreement with PLS
On December 19, 2016, the Company, through PMH, entered into a master repurchase agreement with PLS (the “PMH Repurchase Agreement”), pursuant to which PMH may borrow from PLS for the purpose of financing PMH’s participation certificates representing beneficial ownership in ESS acquired from PLS under the Spread Acquisition Agreement. PLS then re-pledges such participation certificates to PNMAC GMSR ISSUER TRUST (the “Issuer Trust”) under a master repurchase agreement by and among PLS, the Issuer Trust and Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC, as guarantor (the “PC Repurchase Agreement”). The Issuer Trust was formed for the purpose of allowing PLS to finance MSRs and ESS relating to such MSRs (the “GNMA MSR Facility”).
16
In connection with the GNMA MSR Facility, PLS pledges and/or sells to the Issuer Trust participation certificates representing beneficial interests in MSRs and ESS pursuant to the terms of the PC Repurchase Agreement. In return, the Issuer Trust (a) has issued to PLS, pursuant to the terms of an indenture, the Series 2016-MSRVF1 Variable Funding Note, dated December 19, 2016, known as the “PNMAC GMSR ISSUER TRUST MSR Collateralized Notes, Series 2016-MSRVF1” (the “VFN”), and (b) may, from time to time pursuant to the terms of any supplemental indenture, issue to institutional investors additional term notes (“Term Notes”), in each case secured on a pari passu basis by the participation certificates relating to the MSRs and ESS. The maximum principal balance of the VFN is $1 billion.
The principal amount paid by PLS for the participation certificates under the PMH Repurchase Agreement is based upon a percentage of the market value of the underlying ESS. Upon PMH’s repurchase of the participation certificates, PMH is required to repay PLS the principal amount relating thereto plus accrued interest (at a rate reflective of the current market and consistent with the weighted average note rate of the VFN and any outstanding Term Notes) to the date of such repurchase. PLS is then required to repay the Issuer Trust the corresponding amount under the PC Repurchase Agreement.
Conditional Reimbursement of Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Underwriting Fees
In connection with its IPO, the Company conditionally agreed to reimburse PCM up to $2.9 million for underwriting fees paid to the IPO underwriters by PCM on the Company’s behalf (the “Conditional Reimbursement”). On February 1, 2019, the term of the reimbursement agreement was extended and now expires on February 1, 2023.
Following is a summary of financing activities between the Company and PFSI:
Net change of assets sold under agreements
to repurchase
11,038
5,454
23,347
11,000
Interest expense
Payment of conditional reimbursement
to PCM
219
Assets sold to PFSI under agreement to repurchase
Conditional Reimbursement payable to PCM included
in Due to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
582
801
Amounts Receivable from and Payable to PFSI
Amounts receivable from and payable to PFSI are summarized below:
Due from PFSI:
MSR recapture
162
179
4,831
3,898
Due to PFSI:
Fulfillment fees
14,409
10,006
10,230
6,559
Correspondent production fees
5,501
2,071
4,768
4,841
Allocated expenses and expenses paid by PFSI
on PMT’s behalf
4,166
9,066
Conditional Reimbursement
Interest on Assets sold to PFSI under agreement
88
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Note 6—Loan Sales and Variable Interest Entities
The Company is a variable interest holder in various VIEs that relate to its mortgage loan transfer, investing and financing activities. The Company has distinguished its involvement with VIEs between those VIEs which the Company does not consolidate and those VIEs which the Company consolidates.
Unconsolidated VIEs with Continuing Involvement
The following table summarizes cash flows between the Company and transferees in transfers of loans that are accounted for as sales where the Company maintains continuing involvement with the loans:
Cash flows:
Proceeds from sales
17,659,839
8,435,791
Loan servicing fees received net of guarantee fees
The following table summarizes collection status information for loans that are accounted for as sales where the Company maintains continuing involvement for the dates presented:
UPB of loans outstanding
115,988,372
91,982,335
UPB of delinquent loans:
30-89 days delinquent
1,014,954
614,668
90 or more days delinquent:
Not in foreclosure
175,165
142,871
In foreclosure
64,596
40,445
UPB of loans in bankruptcy
120,444
75,947
Custodial funds managed by the Company (1)
3,018,131
970,328
Custodial funds include borrower and investor custodial cash accounts relating to loans serviced under mortgage servicing agreements and are not included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company earns placement fees on certain of the custodial funds it manages on behalf of the loans’ borrowers and investors, which are included in Interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
Consolidated VIEs
Credit Risk Transfer Arrangements
The Company has entered into certain loan sales arrangements pursuant to which it accepts credit risk relating to the loans sold in exchange for a portion of the interest earned on such loans. These arrangements absorb credit losses on such loans and include CRT Agreements, CRT strips and sales of loans that include firm commitments to purchase CRT securities.
The Company, through its subsidiary, PennyMac Corp. (“PMC”), entered into CRT Agreements with Fannie Mae, pursuant to which PMC, through subsidiary trust entities, sold pools of loans into Fannie Mae-guaranteed securitizations while retaining Recourse Obligations as part of the retention of IO ownership interests in such loans. The transfers of loans subject to CRT Agreements were accounted for as sales. The Company placed Deposits securing CRT arrangements into the subsidiary trust entities to secure its Recourse Obligations. The Deposits securing CRT arrangements represent the Company’s maximum contractual exposure to claims under its Recourse Obligations and is the sole source of settlement of losses under the CRT Agreements.
The Company’s exposure to losses under its Recourse Obligation was initially established at 3.5% of the UPB of the loans sold under the CRT Agreements. As the UPB of the underlying loans subject to each CRT Agreement is reduced through repayments, the percentage exposure of each CRT Agreement will increase to a maximum of 4.5% of outstanding UPB, although the total dollar amount of exposure to losses does not increase. Gains and losses on the derivatives included in the CRT Agreements are included in Net gain (loss) on investments in the consolidated statements of income. The final sales of loans subject to the CRT Agreements were made during May 2018.
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Effective in June 2018, the Company began entering into a different type of CRT arrangement. Under the new arrangement, the Company sells loans subject to agreements that require the Company to purchase securities that absorb incurred credit losses on such loans. The Company has elected to account for the firm commitments to purchase such CRT securities at fair value. The Company recognizes these purchase commitments initially as a component of Net gain on loans acquired for sale; subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in Net gain (loss) on investments. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company purchased securities subject to the firm commitments. Similar to the CRT Agreements, the Company accounts for the cash collateralizing these securities as Deposits securing CRT arrangements and recognizes its IO ownership interests and Recourse Obligations as CRT strips which are included on the consolidated balance sheet in Derivative and credit risk transfer strip assets.
Following is a summary of the CRT arrangements:
UPB of loans sold under CRT arrangements
14,168,884
6,773,336
31,135,137
13,855,685
Investments in CRT arrangements:
Deposits securing CRT arrangements
18,558
933,370
96,446
Change in expected face amount of firm
commitment to purchase CRT securities
523,074
236,875
242,281
294,698
Increase (decrease) in commitments to fund
resulting from sale of loans
(18,558
96,037
1,175,651
487,181
Investment income:
Net gain on investments:
Derivative and CRT strip assets:
Credit risk transfer strips
Realized
16,082
5,089
10,764
21,171
26,846
Derivative assets — CRT derivatives
19,303
23,367
61,516
64,907
(4,530
7,185
(4,484
27,714
14,773
30,552
57,032
92,621
1,627
(3,083
(4,105
37,571
27,469
95,160
88,516
Change in fair value of firm commitments
to purchase CRT securities
13,289
2,012
39,609
Net gain on loans acquired for sale - Fair
value of firm commitment to purchase
CRT securities recognized upon sale of
loans
25,864
12,311
65,860
16,737
Interest income - Deposits securing CRT
arrangements
11,193
3,190
25,798
8,788
87,917
44,982
226,427
116,053
Payments made to settle losses on credit risk
transfer arrangements
1,671
443
3,447
1,452
19
Carrying value of CRT arrangements:
CRT strips
67,568
CRT derivatives
121,383
CRT arrangements assets pledged to secure:
87,976
928,632
Derivative assets and transfer strips — CRT derivatives
94,774
1,115,618
Face amount of firm commitment to purchase CRT securities
847,333
605,052
Funded credit risk transfer arrangements
UPB of loans
46,059,256
29,934,003
Collection status (UPB):
Delinquency
Current
45,466,642
29,633,133
30—89 days delinquent
505,087
228,296
90—180 days delinquent
72,873
39,826
180 or more days delinquent
4,404
4,208
Foreclosure
10,250
5,180
Bankruptcy
50,597
23,360
Firm commitment to purchase CRT securities
23,049,850
16,392,300
22,971,613
16,329,044
76,251
61,035
1,859
2,221
127
1,361
1,258
Jumbo Mortgage Loan Financing
On September 30, 2013, the Company completed a securitization transaction in which PMT Loan Trust 2013-J1 issued $537.0 million in UPB of certificates backed by fixed-rate prime jumbo loans, at a 3.9% weighted yield. The Company includes the balance of the loans held in the trust in Loans at fair value and the certificates issued to nonaffiliates in Asset backed financing of a variable interest entity at fair value in its consolidated balance sheets. The Company includes the interest earned on the loans held in the trust in Interest Income – from nonaffiliates and the interest paid to nonaffiliates in Interest Expense – to nonaffiliates in its consolidated income statements.
20
Following is a summary of the jumbo mortgage loan financing:
(dollars in thousands)
2,939
3,066
8,815
8,837
2,196
2,740
9,020
7,836
Certificates retained at fair value
13,963
14,074
Note 7—Fair Value
The Company’s consolidated financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured at or based on their fair values. Measurement at fair value may be on a recurring or nonrecurring basis depending on the accounting principles applicable to the specific asset or liability and whether the Company has elected to carry the item at its fair value as discussed in the following paragraphs.
The Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value. These levels are:
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Prices determined or determinable using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company.
Level 3—Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where significant observable inputs are unavailable, unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing assets and liabilities, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances.
As a result of the difficulty in observing certain significant valuation inputs affecting “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company is required to make judgments regarding these items’ fair values. Different persons in possession of the same facts may reasonably arrive at different conclusions as to the inputs to be applied in valuing these assets and liabilities and to their fair values. Such differences may result in significantly different fair value measurements. Likewise, due to the general illiquidity of some of these assets and liabilities, subsequent transactions may be at values significantly different from those reported.
Fair Value Accounting Elections
The Company identified all of PMT’s non-cash financial assets, Firm commitment to purchase CRT securities and MSRs to be accounted for at fair value. The Company has elected to account for these assets at fair value so such changes in fair value will be reflected in income as they occur and more timely reflect the results of the Company’s performance.
The Company has also identified the Company’s Asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value and Interest-only security payable at fair value to be accounted for at fair value to reflect the generally offsetting changes in fair value of these borrowings to changes in fair value of the assets at fair value collateralizing these financings. For other borrowings, the Company has determined that historical cost accounting is more appropriate because under this method debt issuance costs are amortized over the term of the debt facility, thereby matching the debt issuance cost to the periods benefiting from the availability of the debt.
21
Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Following is a summary of financial statement items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets:
Short-term investments
Mortgage-backed securities at fair value
3,928,662
18,706
15,355
Excess servicing spread purchased from PFSI
Derivative and credit risk transfer strip assets:
Interest rate lock commitments
10,666
Repurchase agreement derivatives
5,275
Forward purchase contracts
13,241
Forward sale contracts
8,690
MBS put options
7,835
Swap futures
2,143
Call options on interest rate futures
2,302
Put options on interest rate futures
7,133
Total derivative and credit risk transfer strip
assets before netting
9,435
31,909
204,892
246,236
Netting
28,208
assets after netting
Firm commitment to purchase credit risk transfer
securities at fair value
Mortgage servicing rights at fair value
84,330
6,560,753
1,639,542
8,312,833
Liabilities:
Asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value
Derivative liabilities:
6,288
25,544
Forward sales contracts
16,586
Total derivative liabilities before netting
42,130
48,418
(39,258
Total derivative liabilities after netting
303,339
31,017
295,098
22
1,626,483
17,474
117,732
Derivative assets:
12,162
14,511
14,845
218
MBS call options
945
5,137
178
Total derivative assets before netting
5,315
16,021
150,660
171,996
(4,831
Total derivative assets after netting
80,165
4,543,499
1,702,339
6,321,172
174
43
29,273
29,316
29,490
(23,576
305,815
36,185
318,424
23
The following is a summary of changes in items measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs that are significant to the estimation of the fair values of the assets and liabilities at either the beginning or end of the quarters presented:
Quarter ended September 30, 2019
Assets
Loans
acquired
for sale
Loans at
fair value
Excess
servicing
spread
CRT
strips
derivatives
Interest rate
lock
commitments
Repurchase
agreement
Firm
commitment
to purchase
CRT securities
Mortgage
rights
Balance, June 30, 2019
14,188
74,473
194,156
62,479
124,033
13,614
12,046
15,581
1,126,427
1,636,997
Purchases and issuances
10,211
34,617
760
45,588
(5,717
(56,968
(9,819
(16,082
(17,423
(7,750
(113,759
Capitalization of interest
and fees
181
2,472
Capitalization of advances
ESS received pursuant to a
recapture agreement with
PFSI
Amounts received as proceeds
from sales of loans
249,888
275,752
Changes in fair value included
in income arising from:
Changes in instrument-
specific credit risk
Other factors
24
(1,178
13,054
(213,601
(156,113
Transfers:
Loans to REO
(1,250
to loans acquired for sale (2)
(56,907
Balance, September 30, 2019
4,378
1,633,254
Changes in fair value
recognized during the period
relating to assets still held at
(29
(3,379
(202,647
For the purpose of this table, the interest rate lock commitment (“IRLC”) asset and liability positions are shown net.
(2)
The Company had transfers among the fair value levels arising from transfers of IRLCs to loans held for sale at fair value upon purchase of the respective loans.
Liabilities
Interest-only security payable:
26,356
Changes in fair value included in income arising from:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
(1,627
Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter
relating to liability outstanding at
Quarter ended September 30, 2018
Balance, June 30, 2018
6,540
447,473
229,470
2,807
119,169
6,912
4,426
1,010,507
1,827,304
2,640
(3,699
5,671
4,612
(2,481
(98,622
(11,543
(23,367
(3,131
(100
(139,244
2,297
6,037
1,373
96,383
108,694
4,407
(324
(7,458
(4,001
(37
2,951
24,804
(3,051
29,211
(8,476
Loans acquired for sale at fair
value from "Level 2" to
"Level 3" (2)
722
to loans acquired for sale (3)
3,792
Balance, September 30,
7,097
340,994
223,275
(1,101
126,354
9,415
18,749
1,109,741
1,834,524
recognized during the quarter
relating to assets still held
at September 30, 2018
(257
(6,711
5,188
For the purpose of this table, IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
The Company identified certain “Level 2” fair value loans acquired for sale that were not saleable into the prime mortgage market and therefore transferred them to “Level 3”.
(3)
7,652
1,169
Balance, September 30, 2018
8,821
September 30, 2018
25
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Balance, December 31, 2018
11,988
1,702,165
17,290
1,077
48,938
10,057
77,362
(17,736
(88,372
(30,901
(59,636
(19,317
(31,925
(263,969
2,109
10,233
1,248
534,742
600,602
3,737
869
(9,881
72,378
(534,397
(359,039
(6,144
(355,302
(12,295
809
Firm commitment to purchase
CRT securities to CRT strips
56,804
(56,804
(128,926
57
(6,670
(502,262
(11,282
Changes in fair value recognized during the period
relating to liability outstanding at September 30, 2019
26
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
fair
Balance, December 31, 2017
8,135
768,433
236,534
4,632
98,640
3,748
91,459
1,211,581
Cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle — Adoption
of fair value accounting for
mortgage servicing rights
773,035
Balance, January 1, 2018
864,494
1,984,616
8,243
2,140
11,411
21,794
(10,441
(381,646
(35,852
(64,907
(5,626
(498,572
6,543
18,127
4,733
ESS received pursuant to a recapture
agreement with PFSI
Amounts received as proceeds from sales
of loans
228,337
245,074
6,864
(176
(24,566
(28,571
(118
17,010
67,238
(17,702
74,102
(39,367
value from "Level 2" to "Level 3" (2)
1,336
Interest rate lock commitments to
loans acquired for sale (3)
20,698
Changes in fair value recognized during
the period relating to assets still held
(330
(18,170
77
36,238
For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
7,070
Changes in instrument- specific credit risk
1,751
27
Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value under the Fair Value Option
Following are the fair values and related principal amounts due upon maturity of loans accounted for under the fair value option (including loans acquired for sale, loans held in a consolidated VIE, and distressed loans):
Fair value
Principal
amount due
upon maturity
Difference
Loans acquired for sale at fair value:
Current through 89 days delinquent:
3,946,654
3,822,741
123,913
1,643,465
1,580,504
62,961
163
213
(50
492
551
688
(137
714
901
(187
3,823,642
123,726
1,580,996
Loans held in a consolidated VIE:
Current through 89 days delinquent
274,470
266,139
8,331
294,617
(4,044
812
(110
266,951
Distressed loans at fair value:
4,021
8,068
(4,047
28,806
43,043
(14,237
2,197
4,352
(2,155
37,288
71,732
(34,444
9,137
21,000
(11,863
51,638
86,259
(34,621
11,334
25,352
(14,018
88,926
157,991
(69,065
33,420
(18,065
201,034
(83,302
300,371
(9,844
495,651
(87,346
Following are the changes in fair value included in current period income by consolidated statement of income line item for financial statement items accounted for under the fair value option:
Net gain (loss)
on investments
Net gain on
loans acquired
Net loan
servicing fees
Net interest
income
13,450
(2,359
11,091
54,819
1,458
484
ESS at fair value
(1,573
39,153
MSRs at fair value
45,504
80,683
416
(86,998
(2,988
(2,889
(1,361
(1,262
28
(19,030
(1,229
(20,259
751
(6,681
2,458
(4,223
4,849
14,323
(22,590
13,062
4,969
(1,608
Interest-only security payable
(1,169
3,516
(201
3,315
2,347
2,146
77,820
(13,128
64,692
147,412
3,436
2,762
6,198
(3,395
105,469
136,192
213,272
(2,242
(187,175
(8,186
(1,905
(10,091
3,096
1,191
29
(50,288
(2,623
(52,911
(27,397
(29,694
6,509
(23,185
20,610
(68,944
(10,660
15,470
(47,124
(1,751
12,658
(74
12,584
10,907
10,833
Financial Statement Item Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis — Real estate acquired in settlement of loans
Following is a summary of the carrying value of REO that was re-measured based on fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans
29,219
24,515
The following table summarizes the fair value changes recognized during the period on REO held at period end that were remeasured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
Real estate asset acquired in settlement of loans
(1,785
(2,285
(2,392
(6,209
The Company remeasures its REO based on fair value when it evaluates the REO for impairment. The Company evaluates its REO for impairment with reference to the respective properties’ fair values less cost to sell. The initial carrying value of the REO is measured at cost as indicated by the fair value of the loan immediately before REO acquisition. REO may be subsequently revalued due to the Company receiving greater access to the property, the property being held for an extended period or receiving indications that the property’s fair value may not be supported by developing market conditions. Any subsequent change in fair value to a level that is less than or equal to the property’s cost is recognized in Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Amortized Cost
Most of the Company’s borrowings are carried at amortized cost. The Company’s Assets sold under agreements to repurchase, Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements, Exchangeable senior notes, Notes payable and Assets sold to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. under agreements to repurchase are classified as “Level 3” fair value liabilities due to the Company’s reliance on unobservable inputs to estimate these instruments’ fair values.
The Company has concluded that the fair values of these borrowings other than Exchangeable senior notes and Notes payable approximate the agreements’ carrying values due to the borrowing agreements’ variable interest rates and short maturities.
30
Following are the fair values of the Exchangeable senior notes and Notes payable:
Instrument
Source of fair value
Carrying value
Broker indications
251,238
247,172
1,368,718
444,403
Valuation Governance
Most of the Company’s assets, its Asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value, Interest-only security payable and Derivative liabilities are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period income. A substantial portion of these items are “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities which require the use of unobservable inputs that are significant to the estimation of the fair values of the assets and liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available under the circumstances.
Due to the difficulty in estimating the fair values of “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company has assigned responsibility for estimating the fair value of these assets and liabilities to specialized staff and subjects the valuation process to significant senior management oversight. PFSI’s Financial Analysis and Valuation group (the “FAV group”) is responsible for estimating the fair values of “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities other than IRLCs and maintaining its valuation policies and procedures. The fair value of the Company’s IRLCs is developed by PFSI’s Capital Markets Risk Management staff and is reviewed by the PFSI’s Capital Markets Operations group.
The FAV group monitors the models used for valuation of the Company’s “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, including the models’ performance versus actual results, and reports those results to PFSI’s senior management valuation committee. PFSI’s senior management valuation committee includes the Company’s executive chairman, chief executive, chief financial, chief risk and deputy chief financial officers.
With respect to the non-IRLC “Level 3” valuations, the FAV group reports to PFSI’s senior management valuation committee, which oversees the valuations. The FAV group is responsible for reporting to PFSI’s senior management valuation committee on the changes in the valuation of the non-IRLC “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, including major factors affecting the valuation and any changes in model methods and inputs. To assess the reasonableness of its valuations, the FAV group presents an analysis of the effect on the valuation of changes to the significant inputs to the models.
Valuation Techniques and Inputs
The following is a description of the techniques and inputs used in estimating the fair values of “Level 2” and “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities:
Mortgage-Backed Securities
The Company categorizes its current holdings of MBS as “Level 2” fair value assets. Fair value of these MBS is established based on quoted market prices for the Company’s MBS holdings or similar securities. Changes in the fair value of MBS are included in Net gain (loss) on investments in the consolidated statements of income.
Fair value of loans is estimated based on whether the loans are saleable into active markets:
Loans that are saleable into active markets, comprised of most of the Company’s loans acquired for sale at fair value and all of the loans at fair value held in a VIE, are categorized as “Level 2” fair value assets. For loans acquired for sale, the fair values are established using the loans’ contracted price or quoted market price or market price equivalent. For the loans at fair value held in a VIE, the quoted fair values of all of the individual securities issued by the securitization trust are used to derive a fair value for the loans. The Company obtains indications of fair value from nonaffiliated brokers based on comparable securities and validates the brokers’ indications of fair value using pricing models and inputs the Company believes are similar to the models and inputs used by other market participants.
Loans that are not saleable into active markets, comprised primarily of distressed loans, are categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets and:
before September 30, 2019, the distressed loans’ fair values were estimated using a discounted cash flow approach. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model included current interest rates, loan amount, payment status, property type, discount rates and forecasts of future interest rates, home prices, prepayment speeds, default speeds, loss severities or contracted selling price when applicable.
31
beginning September 30,2019, the Company changed its discounted cash flow approach and the inputs to the model. Distressed loan fair values are now estimated based on the expected resolution to be realized from the individual assets' disposition strategies. When a cash flow projection is utilized to determine the resolution, those cash flows are discounted at an annual rate up to 20%. The Company changed its approach to valuation of distressed loans during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 because it substantially liquidated its investment in distressed loans during the quarter. The Company concluded that the small number of remaining assets are most accurately valued on an individual basis.
Before September 30, 2019, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s loans at fair value were discount rate, home price projections, voluntary prepayment speeds and default speeds. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the loans’ fair value measurement. Increases in home price projections are generally accompanied by an increase in voluntary prepayment speeds. Changes in the fair value of loans at fair value are included in Net gain (loss) on investments in the consolidated statements of income.
Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used in the valuation of the Company’s “Level 3” loans at fair value:
Carrying value (in thousands)
Key inputs (1)
Discount rate
Range
2.8% – 19.6%
Weighted average
12.0%
Twelve-month projected housing price index change
3.1% – 3.7%
3.4%
Voluntary prepayment speed (2)
0.9% – 8.3%
3.2%
Total prepayment speed (3)
8.3% – 22.0%
18.3%
Weighted-average inputs are based on fair value amounts of the loans.
Prepayment speed is measured using Life Voluntary Conditional Prepayment Rate (“CPR”).
Total prepayment speed is measured using Life Total CPR.
Changes in fair value attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk were measured by the effect on fair value of the change in the respective loan’s delinquency status and performance history at period end from the later of the beginning of the period or acquisition date.
Excess Servicing Spread Purchased from PFSI
The Company categorizes ESS as a “Level 3” fair value asset. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of ESS. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of ESS include pricing spread (discount rate) and prepayment speed. Significant changes to those inputs in isolation may result in a significant change in the ESS fair value measurement. Changes in these key inputs are not necessarily directly related. Changes in the fair value of ESS are included in Net gain (loss) on investments in the consolidated statements of income.
32
Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of ESS:
UPB of underlying loans (in thousands)
20,794,571
23,196,033
Average servicing fee rate (in basis points)
34
Average ESS rate (in basis points)
Pricing spread (2)
3.0% – 3.3%
2.8% - 3.2%
3.1%
Annual total prepayment speed (3)
8.9% – 15.0%
8.2% - 29.5%
11.7%
9.7%
Life (in years)
2.8 - 7.1
1.6 - 7.6
5.9
6.8
Weighted-average inputs are based on UPB of the underlying loans.
Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference forward rate to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies pricing spreads to the forward rates implied by the United States Dollar London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) swap curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to ESS.
Prepayment speed is measured using Life Total CPR.
Derivative and Credit Risk Transfer Strip Assets
Derivative Assets
CRT Agreements
The Company categorizes CRT derivatives as “Level 3” fair value assets. The fair value of CRT derivatives is based on indications of fair value provided to the Company by nonaffiliated brokers for the certificates representing the beneficial interest in the trust holding the Deposits securing CRT arrangements, the Recourse Obligations and the IO ownership interests. Together, the Recourse Obligation and the IO ownership interest comprise the CRT derivative. Fair value of the CRT derivative is derived by deducting the balance of the Deposits securing CRT arrangements from the indications of fair value of the certificates provided by the nonaffiliated brokers. The Company assesses the fair values it receives from nonaffiliated brokers using the discounted cash flow approach.
The significant unobservable inputs used by the Company in its review and approval of the valuation of CRT derivatives are the discount rate, voluntary and involuntary prepayment speeds and the remaining loss expectations of the reference loans. Changes in fair value of CRT derivatives are included in Net gain (loss) on investments.
33
Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the Company’s review and approval of broker-provided fair values for CRT Agreements:
4.9% – 5.4%
6.6% – 7.5%
5.3%
7.3%
19.1% – 21.0%
9.0% – 10.6%
20.5%
9.9%
Involuntary prepayment speed (3)
0.2% – 0.3%
0.2% – 0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
Remaining loss expectation (4)
0.1% – 0.1%
0.1% – 0.2%
0.1%
Weighted average inputs are based on fair value amounts of the CRT Agreements.
Voluntary prepayment speed is measured using Life Voluntary CPR.
Involuntary prepayment speed is measured using Life Involuntary CPR.
(4)
Remaining loss expectation is measured as expected future contractual losses divided by the UPB of the reference loans.
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
The Company categorizes IRLCs as “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities. The Company estimates the fair value of IRLCs based on quoted Agency MBS prices, the probability that the mortgage loan will be purchased under the commitment (the “pull-through rate”) and the Company’s estimate of the fair value of the MSRs it expects to receive upon sale of the mortgage loan.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s IRLCs are the pull-through rate and the MSR component of the Company’s estimate of the fair value of the loans it has committed to purchase. Significant changes in the pull-through rate or the MSR component of the IRLCs, in isolation, may result in a significant change in the IRLCs’ fair value. The financial effects of changes in these inputs are generally inversely correlated as increasing interest rates have a positive effect on the fair value of the MSR component of IRLC fair value, but also increase the pull-through rate for the mortgage loan principal and interest payment cash flow component that has decreased in fair value. Changes in fair value of IRLCs are included in Net gain on loans acquired for sale in the consolidated statements of income.
Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of IRLCs:
Carrying value (in thousands) (1)
Key inputs (2)
Pull-through rate
39.9% – 100%
45.4% - 100%
92.3%
91.8%
MSR fair value expressed as
Servicing fee multiple
2.0 - 6.0
2.4 - 5.6
4.7
4.3
Percentage of UPB
0.5% – 2.3%
0.6% - 3.6%
1.4%
2.2%
For purposes of this table, IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
Weighted-average inputs are based on the committed amounts.
Repurchase Agreement Derivatives
The Company had a master repurchase agreement that included incentives for financing loans approved for satisfying certain consumer relief characteristics. These incentives are classified as embedded derivatives for reporting purposes and are reported separately from the repurchase agreements. The Company classifies repurchase agreement derivatives as “Level 3” fair value assets.
The significant unobservable inputs into the valuation of repurchase agreement derivative assets are the discount rate and the expected approval rate of the loans financed under the master repurchase agreement. The resulting ratio included in the Company’s fair value estimate was 99.0% and 97.0% at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Changes in fair value of repurchase agreement derivatives are included in Interest expense in the consolidated statements of income.
Hedging Derivatives
Fair values of derivative financial instruments based on exchange traded market prices are categorized by the Company as “Level 1” fair value assets and liabilities; fair values of derivative financial instruments based on observable interest rates, volatilities and prices in the MBS market are categorized by the Company as “Level 2” fair value assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair value of hedging derivatives are included in Net gain (loss) on investments, Net gain on loans acquired for sale, or Net loan servicing fees, as applicable, in the consolidated statements of income.
Credit Risk Transfer Strips
The Company categorizes CRT strips as “Level 3” fair value assets. The fair value of CRT strips is based on indications of fair value provided to the Company by nonaffiliated brokers for the certificates representing the beneficial interest in the trust holding the CRT strips and the deposits securing the CRT arrangements. The Company applies adjustments to these indications of fair value due to contractual restrictions limiting PMT’s ability to sell the certificates. Fair value of the CRT strips is derived by deducting the balance of the deposits securing the CRT arrangements from the adjusted indications of fair value of the certificates provided by the nonaffiliated brokers.
The significant unobservable inputs into the valuation of CRT strips are the discount rate, voluntary and involuntary prepayment speeds and the remaining loss expectations of the reference loans. Changes in fair value of CRT strips are included in Net gain (loss) on investments.
Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the Company’s review and approval of the adjusted broker-provided fair values used to derive the value of the CRT strips:
6.6%
25.3%
Weighted average inputs are based on the UPB of the reference loans.
The Company categorizes its firm commitment to purchase CRT securities as a “Level 3” fair value asset. The fair value of the firm commitment is estimated using a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of the CRT securities to be purchased less the contractual purchase price. Key inputs used in the estimation of fair value of the firm commitment are the discount rate and the voluntary and involuntary prepayment speeds of the reference loans. The firm commitment to purchase CRT securities is recognized initially as a component of Net gain on loans acquired for sale. Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded in Net gain (loss) on investments.
35
Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs in the valuation of firm commitment to purchase CRT securities:
UPB of loans in the reference pools (in thousands)
6.2
%
7.9
17.3
12.4
0.1
Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans
REO is measured based on its fair value on a nonrecurring basis and is categorized as a “Level 3” fair value asset. Fair value of REO is established by using a current estimate of fair value from either a broker’s price opinion, a full appraisal, or the price given in a pending contract of sale.
REO fair values are reviewed by the Manager’s staff appraisers when the Company obtains multiple indications of fair value and there is a significant difference between the fair values received. The Manager’s staff appraisers will attempt to resolve the difference between the indications of fair value. In circumstances where the appraisers are not able to generate adequate data to support a fair value conclusion, the staff appraisers will order an additional appraisal to determine fair value. Recognized changes in the fair value of REO are included in Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans in the consolidated statements of income.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
MSRs are categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include the applicable pricing spread, the prepayment and default rates of the underlying loans (“prepayment speed”) and the annual per-loan cost to service loans, all of which are unobservable. Significant changes to any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change in the MSR fair value measurement. Changes in these key inputs are not necessarily directly related. Changes in the fair value of MSRs are included in Net loan servicing fees in the consolidated statements of income.
MSRs are generally subject to loss in fair value when mortgage interest rates decrease. Decreasing mortgage interest rates normally encourage increased mortgage refinancing activity. Increased refinancing activity reduces the expected life of the underlying loans, thereby reducing the cash flows expected to accrue to the MSRs. Reductions in the fair value of MSRs affect income primarily through recognition of the change in fair value.
36
Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of MSRs at the time of initial recognition:
(MSR recognized and UPB of underlying loan amounts in thousands)
MSR recognized
UPB of underlying loans
17,308,797
8,290,310
37,640,484
18,687,615
Weighted average annual servicing fee rate (in basis
points)
5.6% – 9.8%
7.3% – 12.9%
5.6% – 9.9%
5.6%
5.8%
7.4%
Prepayment speed (3)
9.4% – 26.1%
3.5% – 34.6%
8.7% – 26.1%
3.2% – 34.6%
13.1%
10.6%
12.5%
9.6%
3.1 – 6.6
2.3 - 11.7
3.1 – 6.9
2.3 - 11.9
7.3
6.4
7.7
Annual per-loan cost of servicing
$78 – $78
$77 - $79
$78
$79
Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference forward rate to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies pricing spreads to the forward rates implied by the United States LIBOR/swap curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSRs.
37
Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used in the valuation of MSRs as of the dates presented, and the effect on the fair value from adverse changes in those inputs:
(Carrying value, UPB of underlying loans
and effect on fair value amounts in
thousands)
116,371,603
92,410,226
Weighted average annual servicing fee
rate (in basis points)
Weighted average note interest rate
4.3%
4.2
Key inputs (1):
5.9% – 11.1%
5.7% – 10.7%
5.8
Effect on fair value of:
5% adverse change
(12,355
(13,872
10% adverse change
(24,439
(27,428
20% adverse change
(47,825
(53,626
11.8% – 35.7%
8.1% – 27.1%
16.0
9.8
2.2 – 5.2
2.7 - 7.3
5.1
7.1
(33,031
(21,661
(64,269
(42,458
(121,884
(81,660
$77 – $78
78
(7,965
(8,298
(15,931
(16,597
(31,861
(33,194
Weighted-average inputs are based on the UPB of the underlying loans.
Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference forward rate to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies pricing spreads to the forward rates implied by the United States Dollar LIBOR/swap curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSRs.
The preceding sensitivity analyses are limited in that they were performed as of a particular date; only account for the estimated effect of the movements in those indicated inputs; do not incorporate changes in those inputs in relation to other inputs; are subject to the accuracy of the models and inputs used; and do not incorporate other factors that would affect the Company’s overall financial performance in such events, including operational adjustments made by the Company to account for changing circumstances. For these reasons, the preceding estimates should not be viewed as earnings forecasts.
38
Note 8— Mortgage-Backed Securities
Following is a summary of activity in the Company’s investment in MBS:
Balance at beginning of period
2,600,357
1,698,322
989,461
Purchases
528,367
501,408
609,569
1,316,200
Sales
(704,178
Repayments
(110,627
(52,964
(255,495
(126,243
Amortization of premiums
Valuation adjustments
Balance at end of period
2,126,507
Following is a summary of the Company’s investment in MBS:
Agency: (1)
balance
Unamortized purchase
premiums
Accumulated
valuation
changes
Fannie Mae
1,708,697
23,841
33,709
1,766,247
2,050,769
39,488
(14,920
2,075,337
Freddie Mac
543,281
5,559
9,923
558,763
530,734
6,702
(2,351
535,085
2,251,978
29,400
43,632
2,581,503
46,190
(17,271
All MBS are fixed-rate pass-through securities with maturities of more than ten years and are pledged to secure Assets sold under agreements to repurchase at both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Note 9—Loans Acquired for Sale at Fair Value
Loans acquired for sale at fair value is comprised of recently originated loans purchased by the Company for resale. Following is a summary of the distribution of the Company’s loans acquired for sale at fair value:
Loan type
Agency-eligible
3,320,005
1,495,954
Held for sale to PLS — Government insured or guaranteed
Jumbo
13,598
44,221
Commercial real estate
2,736
8,559
Home equity lines of credit
3,482
Repurchased pursuant to representations and warranties
12,488
8,915
Loans pledged to secure:
3,918,040
1,436,437
Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale
agreements
185,442
1,621,879
The Company is not approved by Ginnie Mae as an issuer of Ginnie Mae-guaranteed securities which are backed by government-insured or guaranteed loans. The Company transfers government-insured or guaranteed loans that it purchases from correspondent sellers to PLS, which is a Ginnie Mae-approved issuer, and earns a sourcing fee ranging from two to three and one-half basis points, generally based on the average number of calendar days that loans are held before being bought by PLS.
39
Note 10—Loans at Fair Value
Loans at fair value are comprised of loans that are not acquired for sale and, to the extent they are not held in a VIE securing an asset-backed financing, may be sold at a later date pursuant to the Company’s determination that such a sale represents the most advantageous disposition strategy for the identified mortgage loan.
Following is a summary of the distribution of the Company’s loans at fair value:
Fair
Unpaid
principal
Fixed interest rate jumbo loans held in a VIE
Distressed loans:
Nonperforming
Performing
299,559
Loans at fair value pledged to secure:
14,270
108,693
289,442
399,266
Note 11—Derivative Activities and Credit Risk Transfer Strips
Derivative and credit risk transfer assets are summarized below:
Derivative assets
206,876
Following is a summary of the Company’s investment in CRT strips
Credit risk transfer strips contractually restricted from sale (1)
Through June 13, 2020
24,763
To maturity
42,805
CRT strips pledged to secure Assets sold under
agreements to repurchase
The terms of the agreement underlying the CRT securities restricts sales of the securities, other than sales under agreements to repurchase, for specified periods from the date of issuance without the approval of Fannie Mae.
Derivative Activities
The Company holds and issues derivative financial instruments in connection with its operating, investing and financing activities. Derivative financial instruments are created as a result of certain of the Company’s operations and the Company also enters into derivative transactions as part of its interest rate risk management activities.
40
Derivative financial instruments created as a result of the Company’s operations include:
IRLCs that are created when the Company commits to purchase mortgage loans acquired for sale;
CRT Agreements whereby the Company retains a Recourse Obligation relating to certain loans it sells into Fannie Mae guaranteed securitizations as part of the retention of an IO ownership interest in such loans; and
Derivatives that were embedded in a master repurchase agreement that provided for the Company to receive interest expense offsets if it financed loans approved as satisfying certain consumer credit relief characteristics under the master repurchase agreement.
The Company engages in interest rate risk management activities in an effort to reduce the variability of earnings caused by the effects of changes in interest rates on the fair value of certain of its assets and liabilities. The Company bears price risk relating to its mortgage production, servicing and MBS financing activities due to changes in market interest rates as discussed below:
The Company is exposed to loss if market mortgage interest rates increase, because market interest rate increases generally cause the fair value of MBS, IRLCs and mortgage loans acquired for sale to decrease.
The Company is exposed to losses if market mortgage interest rates decrease, because market interest rate decreases generally cause the fair value of MSRs to decrease.
To manage the price risk resulting from these interest rate risks, the Company uses derivative financial instruments with the intention of moderating the risk that changes in market interest rates will result in unfavorable changes in the fair value of the Company’s inventory of loans acquired for sale, loans held in a VIE, IRLCs, MSRs and MBS financing.
The Company records all derivative financial instruments at fair value and records changes in fair value in current period income. The Company does not designate and qualify any of its derivative financial instruments for hedge accounting.
Derivative Notional Amounts and Fair Value of Derivatives
The Company had the following derivative assets and liabilities recorded within Derivative assets and Derivative liabilities and related margin deposits recorded in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets:
Notional
Derivative
amount
assets
liabilities
Not subject to master netting arrangements:
26,509,554
4,941,874
1,688,516
Subject to master netting agreements─used for
hedging purposes:
9,368,939
3,072,223
10,131,727
4,595,241
7,350,000
2,550,000
500,000
785,000
512,500
3,625,000
1,102,500
2,997,000
Bond futures
427,000
815,000
Total derivative instruments before netting
178,668
Margin deposits placed with derivatives
counterparties, net
67,465
18,744
Derivative assets pledged to secure:
Assets Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
41
The following tables summarize the notional amount activity for derivative contracts used for hedging purposes.
amount,
beginning
Dispositions/
end
of quarter
Additions
expirations
12,858,356
82,180,633
(85,670,050
9,101,624
108,395,576
(107,365,473
9,050,000
18,100,000
(19,800,000
2,350,000
(4,700,000
2,413,500
9,598,500
(11,227,000
2,111,200
14,061,200
(12,547,400
400,000
2,599,970
(2,970
920,000
8,230,100
(8,723,100
2,628,934
26,864,290
(26,143,099
3,350,125
3,793,355
36,205,542
(34,873,970
5,124,927
1,550,000
1,050,000
2,600,000
750,000
50,000
200,000
(250,000
600,000
1,300,000
(1,800,000
100,000
2,205,000
(2,205,000
Eurodollar future sale contracts
35,000
5,000
(10,000
30,000
of period
170,410,969
(164,114,253
216,219,234
(210,682,748
42,600,000
(37,800,000
13,200,000
(13,700,000
19,004,500
(18,732,000
23,037,400
(20,514,900
2,999,970
16,190,600
(16,578,600
42
1,996,235
67,406,528
(66,052,638
2,565,271
88,131,417
(85,571,761
2,375,000
9,625,000
(9,400,000
525,000
(525,000
550,000
11,700,000
(12,150,000
275,000
(275,000
3,020,000
937,000
119,597
(1,026,597
Netting of Financial Instruments
The Company has elected to net derivative asset and liability positions, and cash collateral placed with or received from its counterparties when subject to a legally enforceable master netting arrangement. The derivative financial instruments that are not subject to master netting arrangements are CRT derivatives, IRLCs and repurchase agreement derivatives. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company was not a party to any reverse repurchase agreements or securities lending transactions that are required to be disclosed in the following tables.
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
Following is a summary of net derivative assets:
Gross
amounts
recognized
offset
in the
consolidated
sheet
Net
of assets
presented
137,324
Subject to master netting arrangements:
41,344
69,552
21,336
16,505
Derivative Assets, Financial Instruments and Collateral Held by Counterparty
The following table summarizes by significant counterparty the amount of derivative asset positions after considering master netting arrangements and financial instruments or cash pledged that do not meet the accounting guidance qualifying for setoff accounting:
Net amount
Gross amounts
not offset in the
balance sheet
Financial
collateral
instruments
received
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
19,287
107
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
14,124
971
RJ O’Brien & Associates, LLC
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
8,076
243
Barclays Capital Inc.
7,126
Bank of America, N.A.
6,930
Deutsche Bank Securities LLC
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
1,676
2,800
Federal National Mortgage Association
58
5,619
2,840
1,450
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities and Financial Liabilities
Following is a summary of net derivative liabilities and assets sold under agreements to repurchase. Assets sold under agreements to repurchase do not qualify for setoff accounting.
of liabilities
Not subject to master netting arrangements —
2,872
5,740
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase:
UPB
6,355,842
4,777,486
Unamortized debt issuance costs
(366
(459
6,403,894
6,364,636
4,806,517
4,782,941
44
Derivative Liabilities, Financial Liabilities and Collateral Pledged by Counterparty
The following table summarizes by significant counterparty the amount of derivative liabilities and assets sold under agreements to repurchase after considering master netting arrangements and financial instruments or cash pledged that do not qualify for setoff accounting. All assets sold under agreements to repurchase represent sufficient collateral or exceed the liability amount recorded on the consolidated balance sheet.
pledged
2,229,874
(2,229,874
1,441,934
(1,441,934
1,540,874
(1,540,874
1,307,923
(1,307,584
339
686,111
(686,111
105,366
(105,366
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
534,340
(533,889
451
512,662
(512,662
Daiwa Capital Markets
430,667
(430,401
266
254,332
(254,332
Mizuho Securities
393,850
(392,884
966
270,708
(270,708
284,636
(284,636
99,626
(98,644
982
BNP Paribas
152,266
(151,588
678
162,636
(162,357
279
RBC Capital Markets, L.P.
105,585
(105,585
57,795
(57,795
495,974
(495,974
70,130
(70,130
511
4,140
6,365,002
(6,355,842
4,783,400
(4,777,486
Following are the net gains (losses) recognized by the Company on derivative financial instruments and the consolidated statements of income line items where such gains and losses are included:
Derivative activity
Income statement line
Net gain on loans
acquired for sale
47,671
(7,700
121,316
(26,431
Net gain (loss) on
investments
Hedged item:
and loans acquired for sale
(21,737
15,584
(100,326
56,818
Mortgage servicing rights
Net loan servicing fees
133,921
(12,093
230,592
(44,378
Fixed-rate assets and LIBOR-
indexed repurchase agreements
(13,556
691
31,005
1,029
45
Note 12—Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans
Following is a summary of financial information relating to REO:
97,808
109,271
162,865
From loans at fair value and advances
10,985
7,508
23,256
26,229
From real estate held for investment (1)
1,112
30,432
To real estate held for investment
(1,016
(4,123
Results of REO:
Valuation adjustments, net
(2,546
(3,323
(5,961
(13,990
Gain on sale, net
3,248
3,013
7,258
8,157
(30,294
(20,960
(61,465
(84,645
95,605
REO pledged to secure assets sold under
51,291
1,939
REO held in a consolidated subsidiary whose
stock is pledged to secure financings of such
properties
38,259
40,198
During the quarter ended June 30, 2019, the Company committed to liquidate its real estate held for investment and transferred its holdings to real estate acquired in settlement of loans.
46
Note 13—Mortgage Servicing Rights
Following is a summary of MSRs:
Transfer of mortgage servicing rights from
mortgage servicing rights carried at lower
of amortized cost or fair value pursuant to
a change in accounting principle
Balance after reclassification
MSRs resulting from loan sales
Changes in fair value:
Due to changes in valuation inputs used
in valuation model (1)
(157,928
33,004
(391,323
101,699
Other changes in fair value (2)
(55,673
(30,053
(143,074
(84,689
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights pledged
to secure Assets sold under agreements to
repurchase and Notes payable
1,142,867
1,139,582
Principally reflects changes in pricing spread (discount rate) and prepayment speed inputs, primarily due to changes in market interest rates.
Represents changes due to realization of expected cash flows.
Servicing fees relating to MSRs are recorded in Net loan servicing fees on the Company’s consolidated statements of income and are summarized below:
Contractually-specified servicing fees
Ancillary and other fees:
Late charges
488
252
1,158
685
6,506
2,859
15,452
5,989
47
Note 14—Assets Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Following is a summary of financial information relating to assets sold under agreements to repurchase:
Weighted average interest rate (1)
3.25
3.19
3.35
3.12
Average balance
5,773,934
4,072,301
5,180,436
3,573,805
Total interest expense (2)
48,595
29,725
126,194
79,705
Maximum daily amount outstanding
6,694,496
5,091,893
6,893,551
5,677,797
Excludes the effect of amortization of net debt issuance cost and premium of $692,000 and $5.5 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and net debt issuance cost of $3.1 million and $4.8 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
The Company’s interest expense relating to assets sold under agreements to repurchase for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018 includes recognition of incentives it received for financing certain of its loans acquired for sale satisfying certain consumer debt relief characteristics under a master repurchase agreement. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $979,000 and $10.8 million, respectively, in such incentives as reductions of Interest expense, as compared to $5.0 million and $11.0 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
Carrying value:
Unpaid principal balance
Unamortized debt issuance costs, net
Weighted average interest rate
3.23
3.38
Available borrowing capacity (1):
Committed
140,518
783,415
Uncommitted
1,925,811
2,325,246
2,066,329
3,108,661
Margin deposits placed with counterparties included
in Other assets
35,835
43,676
Assets securing agreements to repurchase:
Mortgage-backed securities
Real estate held for investment
23,262
MSRs (2)
998,405
The amount the Company is able to borrow under asset repurchase agreements is tied to the fair value of unencumbered assets eligible to secure those agreements and the Company’s ability to fund the agreements’ margin requirements relating to the assets financed.
Beneficial interests in Fannie Mae MSRs are pledged as collateral for both Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and Notes payable.
48
Following is a summary of maturities of outstanding assets sold under agreements to repurchase by facility maturity date:
Remaining maturity at September 30, 2019
Within 30 days
4,603,076
Over 30 to 90 days
Over 90 days to 180 days
Over 180 days to one year
1,647,181
Weighted average maturity (in months)
2.9
The Company is subject to margin calls during the period the repurchase agreements are outstanding and therefore may be required to repay a portion of the borrowings before the respective repurchase agreements mature if the fair value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the assets securing those repurchase agreements decreases.
The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and interest payable) and maturity information relating to the Company’s assets sold under agreements to repurchase is summarized by pledged asset and counterparty below as of September 30, 2019:
Loans, REO and MSRs sold under agreements to repurchase
Counterparty
Amount at risk
maturity
Facility maturity
Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital
LLC
305,735
December 18, 2019
December 20, 2020
351,057
April 24, 2020
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
52,041
October 11, 2019
Citibank, N.A.
134,388
August 4, 2020
64,084
October 28, 2019
Morgan Stanley
37,876
August 21, 2020
8,682
December 15, 2019
July 31, 2020
Royal Bank of Canada
5,246
November 29, 2019
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Weighted average maturity
45,095
October 23, 2019
27,408
October 15, 2019
Daiwa Capital Markets America Inc.
16,283
October 17, 2019
13,700
CRT Arrangements sold under agreements to repurchase
231,152
October 4, 2019
49
Note 15—Mortgage Loan Participation Purchase and Sale Agreements
Certain borrowing facilities secured by loans acquired for sale are in the form of mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements. Participation certificates, each of which represents an undivided beneficial ownership interest in a pool of loans that have been pooled with Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, are sold to a lender pending the securitization of such loans and the sale of the resulting security. The commitment between the Company and a nonaffiliate to sell such security is also assigned to the lender at the time a participation certificate is sold.
The purchase price paid by the lender for each participation certificate is based on the trade price of the security, plus an amount of interest expected to accrue on the security to its anticipated delivery date, minus a present value adjustment, any related hedging costs and a holdback amount. The holdback amount is based on a percentage of the purchase price and is not required to be paid to the Company until the settlement of the security and its delivery to the lender.
Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements are summarized below:
3.39
3.58
3.21
40,391
78,806
43,648
51,687
Total interest expense
374
1,296
1,396
95,719
258,983
207,065
Excludes the effect of amortization of debt issuance costs of $25,000 and $112,000 for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $65,000 and $141,000, respectively, for the same periods in 2018.
Amount outstanding
178,726
(87
3.77
Loans acquired for sale pledged to secure
mortgage loan participation purchase and sale
Note 16—Exchangeable Senior Notes
PMC issued in a private offering $250 million aggregate principal amount of exchangeable senior notes (“Exchangeable Notes”) due May 1, 2020. The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.375% per year, payable semiannually. The Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable into common shares of the Company at a rate of 33.8667 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes as of September 30, 2019, which is an increase over the initial exchange rate of 33.5149. The increase in the calculated exchange rate was the result of quarterly cash dividends for certain quarters exceeding the quarterly dividend threshold amount of $0.57 per share, as provided in the related indenture.
Following is financial information relating to the Exchangeable Notes:
250,000
3,670
3,652
10,997
10,945
50
(731
(1,650
Note 17—Notes Payable
On June 11, 2019, the Company, through its indirect subsidiary, PMT CREDIT RISK TRANSFER TRUST 2019-2R (“2019-2R Trust”), issued an aggregate principal amount of $638.0 million in secured term notes (the “2019-2R Notes”) to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 2019-2R Notes bear interest at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 2.75% per annum, with an initial payment date of July 29, 2019 and, with respect to each calendar month thereafter, a payment date that shall occur on the second business day following the latest underlying payment date of all of the underlying series in that calendar month. The 2019-2R Notes mature on May 29, 2023 or, if extended pursuant to the terms of the related indenture, July 29, 2025 (unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms).
On March 29, 2019, the Company, through its indirect subsidiary, PMT CREDIT RISK TRANSFER TRUST 2019-1R (“2019-1R Trust”), issued an aggregate principal amount of $295.7 million in secured term notes (the “2019-1R Notes”) to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act. The 2019-1R Notes bear interest at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum, with an initial payment date that occurred on April 29, 2019 and, with respect to each calendar month thereafter, a payment date that shall occur on the second business day following the latest underlying payment date of all of the underlying series in that calendar month. The 2019-1R Notes mature on March 29, 2022 or, if extended pursuant to the terms of the related indenture, March 29, 2024 (unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms).
On April 25, 2018, the Company, through its indirect subsidiary, PMT ISSUER TRUST-FMSR (“FMSR Issuer Trust”), issued an aggregate principal amount of $450 million in secured term notes (the “2018-FT1 Notes”) to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act. The 2018-FT1 Notes bear interest at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 2.35% per annum, payable each month beginning in May 2018, on the 25th day of such month or, if such 25th day is not a business day, the next business day. The 2018-FT1 Notes mature on April 25, 2023 or, if extended pursuant to the terms of the related term note indenture supplement, April 25, 2025 (unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms). The 2018-FT1 Notes rank pari passu with the Series 2017-VF1 Note dated December 20, 2017 (the “FMSR VFN”) pledged to Credit Suisse under an agreement to repurchase. The 2018-FT1 Notes and the FMSR VFN are secured by certain participation certificates relating to Fannie Mae MSRs and ESS relating to such MSRs.
On February 1, 2018, the Company, through PMC and PMH, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC (“Credit Suisse”), pursuant to which PMC and PMH may finance certain mortgage servicing rights (inclusive of any related excess servicing spread arising therefrom and that may be transferred from PMC to PMH from time to time) relating to loans pooled into Freddie Mac securities (collectively, the “Freddie MSRs”), in an aggregate loan amount not to exceed $175 million. The note matures on February 1, 2020.
On March 24, 2017, the Company, through PMC and PMH, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Barclays Bank PLC (“Barclays”), pursuant to which PMC and PMH may finance certain mortgage servicing rights (inclusive of any related excess servicing spread arising therefrom and that may be transferred from PMC to PMH from time to time) relating to loans pooled into Freddie Mac securities (collectively, the “Freddie MSRs”), in an aggregate loan amount not to exceed $170 million. The note matured and was repaid on February 1, 2018.
Following is a summary of financial information relating to the notes payable:
4.71
4.53
4.76
4.58
1,373,018
445,149
908,783
251,052
17,052
5,351
34,351
9,032
1,376,634
445,318
1,379,504
Excludes the effect of amortization of debt issuance costs of $538,000 and $1.5 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $255,000 and $426,000 for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
51
1,367,227
(6,085
(4,427
4.77
4.86
Assets securing notes payable:
MSRs (1)
CRT Agreements:
Beneficial interests in Fannie Mae MSRs are pledged as collateral both Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and Notes payable.
Note 18—Asset-Backed Financing of a Variable Interest Entity at Fair Value
Following is a summary of financial information relating to the asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value:
267,961
285,284
271,964
292,770
3.52
3.45
3.51
256,540
281,922
The asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value is a non-recourse liability and secured solely by the assets of a consolidated VIE and not by any other assets of the Company. The assets of the VIE are the only source of funds for repayment of the certificates.
Note 19—Liability for Losses Under Representations and Warranties
Following is a summary of the Company’s liability for losses under representations and warranties:
Balance, beginning of period
7,728
7,625
8,678
Provision for losses:
Pursuant to loan sales
1,040
636
2,473
1,724
Reduction in liability due to change in
estimate
(1,057
(848
(2,181
(3,030
(Losses incurred) recoveries, net
(33
(128
Balance, end of period
7,413
UPB of loans subject to representations
and warranties at end of quarter
109,113,773
83,370,583
52
Note 20—Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, the Company may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. The amount, if any, of ultimate liability with respect to such matters cannot be determined, but despite the inherent uncertainties of litigation, management believes that the ultimate disposition of any such proceedings and exposure will not have, individually or taken together, a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.
Commitments
The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding contractual commitments:
Commitments to purchase loans acquired for sale
Face amount of firm commitment to purchase credit risk
transfer securities
Note 21—Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest
Preferred shares of beneficial interest are summarized below:
Dividends per share, period ended
Quarter
Nine months
Series
Description (1)
of shares
Liquidation
preference
Issuance
discount
Carrying
Fixed-to-floating rate cumulative redeemable
preferred
(in thousands, except dividends per share)
A
8.125% Issued March 2017
4,600
115,000
3,828
111,172
0.51
1.53
B
8.00% Issued July 2017
7,800
195,000
6,465
188,535
0.50
1.50
310,000
10,293
Par value is $0.01 per share for both series.
During March 2017, the Company issued 4.6 million of its 8.125% Series A Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 par value per share (the “Series A Preferred Shares”). From, and including, the date of original issuance to, but not including, March 15, 2024, the Company pays cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares at a fixed rate of 8.125% per annum based on the $25.00 per share liquidation preference. From, and including, March 15, 2024 and thereafter, the Company will pay cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR as calculated on each applicable dividend determination date plus a spread of 5.831% per annum based on the $25.00 per share liquidation preference.
During July 2017, the Company issued 7.8 million of its 8.00% Series B Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 par value per share (the “Series B Preferred Shares” and, together with the Series A Preferred Shares, the “Preferred Shares”). From, and including, the date of original issuance to, but not including, June 15, 2024, the Company pays cumulative dividends on the Series B Preferred Shares at a fixed rate of 8.00% per annum based on the $25.00 per share liquidation preference. From, and including, June 15, 2024 and thereafter, the Company will pay cumulative dividends on the Series B Preferred Shares at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR as calculated on each applicable dividend determination date plus a spread of 5.99% per annum based on the $25.00 per share liquidation preference.
The Company pays quarterly cumulative dividends on the Preferred Shares on the 15th day of each March, June, September and December, provided that if any dividend payment date is not a business day, then the dividend that would otherwise be payable on that dividend payment date may be paid on the following business day.
53
The Series A and Series B Preferred Shares will not be redeemable before March 15, 2024 and June 15, 2024, respectively, except in connection with the Company’s qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or upon the occurrence of a change of control. On or after the date the Preferred Shares become redeemable, or 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurs, the Company may, at its option, redeem any or all of the Preferred Shares at $25.00 per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon to, but not including, the redemption date.
The Preferred Shares have no stated maturity, are not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or repurchased by the Company or converted into common shares in connection with a change of control by the holders of the Preferred Shares.
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
Underwritten Equity Offerings
During 2019, the Company completed the following underwritten offerings of common shares:
Date
Number of
common shares
Average price
per share
Gross proceeds
Net proceeds
(Amounts in thousands, except average price per share)
February 14, 2019
7,000
20.70
144,880
142,870
May 9, 2019
8,127
21.15
171,877
169,590
August 8, 2019
9,200
21.75
200,100
197,773
24,327
516,857
510,233
“At-The-Market” (ATM) Equity Offering Program
On March 14, 2019, the Company entered into separate equity distribution agreements to sell from time to time, through an ATM equity offering program under which the counterparties will act as sales agent and/or principal, the Company’s common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $200,000,000. Following is a summary of the activities under the ATM equity offering program:
January 1, 2019 – March 31, 2019
221
20.76
4,588
4,542
April 1, 2019 – June 30, 2019
2,068
21.68
44,844
44,395
July 1, 2019 – September 30, 2019
2,537
22.17
56,256
55,694
4,826
105,688
104,631
At September 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $94.3 million of common shares available for issuance under its ATM equity offering program.
Common Share Repurchases
During August 2015, the Company’s board of trustees authorized a common share repurchase program. Under the program, as amended, the Company may repurchase up to $300 million of its outstanding common shares.
The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchase activity:
Nine months ended
Cumulative
total (1)
Common shares repurchased
671
14,731
Cost of common shares repurchased
10,719
216,625
Amounts represent the share repurchase program total from its inception in August 2015 through September 30, 2019.
The repurchased common shares were canceled upon settlement of the repurchase transactions and returned to the authorized but unissued common share pool.
54
Conditional Reimbursement of IPO Underwriting Costs
As more fully described in Note 5—Transactions with Related Parties, the Company has a Reimbursement Agreement, by and among the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Manager. The Reimbursement Agreement provides that, to the extent the Company is required to pay the Manager performance incentive fees under the management agreement, the Company will reimburse the Manager for underwriting costs it paid on the IPO offering date at a rate of $10 in reimbursement for every $100 of performance incentive fees earned. The Company paid reimbursements totaling $75,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The Reimbursement Agreement also provides for the payment to the IPO underwriters of the amount that the Company agreed to pay to them at the time of the IPO if the Company satisfied certain performance measures over a specified period. As the Manager earns performance incentive fees under the management agreement, the IPO underwriters will be paid at a rate of $20 of payments for every $100 of performance incentive fees earned by PCM. The Reimbursement Agreement was amended and now expires on February 1, 2023. The Company made payments under the Reimbursement Agreement totaling $20,000 and $372,000 during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, certain of the IPO underwriters waived their rights to approximately $1.1 million of conditional underwriting fees. The Company recorded the reduction of conditional underwriting fees in Other income during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Note 22— Net Gain (Loss) on Investments
Net gain (loss) on investments is summarized below:
From nonaffiliates:
2,636
(3,630
9,580
(11,992
CRT arrangements
Firm commitment to purchase CRT
securities
Asset-backed financing of a VIE at
Hedging derivatives
From PFSI—ESS
55
Note 23—Net Gain on Loans Acquired for Sale
Net gain on loans acquired for sale is summarized below:
Cash loss:
(211,051
(104,475
(407,213
(272,496
Hedging activities
(56,544
24,659
(106,914
63,047
(267,595
(79,816
(514,127
(209,449
Non-cash gain:
Recognition of fair value of firm commitment to
purchase CRT securities
Receipt of MSRs in mortgage loan sale transactions
Provision for losses relating to representations and
warranties provided in loan sales:
Pursuant to loans sales
(1,040
(636
(2,473
(1,724
Reduction in liability due to change in estimate
1,057
848
2,181
3,030
212
(292
1,306
Change in fair value of financial instruments held at
end of period:
IRLCs
(9,236
(3,907
(7,610
(5,733
11,309
6,013
10,311
8,389
34,807
(9,075
6,588
(6,229
36,880
(6,969
9,289
(3,573
312,649
101,937
609,599
242,807
Total from nonaffiliates
From PFSI—cash gain
Note 24— Net Loan Servicing Fees
Net loan servicing fees are summarized below:
Contractually specified (1)
Effect of MSRs fair value changes:
Realization of cashflows
(84,690
Market changes
17,009
Gains (losses) on hedging derivatives
Net servicing fees from non-affiliates
From PFSI—MSR recapture income
Average servicing portfolio UPB
Consists of contractually specified servicing fees, net of Agency guarantee fees.
56
Note 25—Net Interest Income
Net interest income is summarized below:
Cash and short-term investments
1,305
385
3,216
656
18,986
15,903
55,896
37,127
33,350
22,591
79,698
51,874
879
5,245
18,086
Placement fees relating to custodial funds
16,661
7,979
36,936
18,218
197
225
620
478
To nonaffiliates:
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase (1)
Exchangeable Notes
Asset-backed financings of a VIE at fair value
Interest shortfall on repayments of loans serviced
for Agency securitizations
9,807
1,897
15,683
5,294
Interest on mortgage loan impound deposits
1,008
693
2,308
1,596
To PFSI—Assets sold under agreement to repurchase
In 2017, the Company entered into a master repurchase agreement that provided the Company with incentives to finance loans approved for satisfying certain consumer relief characteristics as provided in the agreement. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $979,000 and $10.8 million, respectively, in such incentives as reductions of Interest expense, as compared to $5.0 million and $11.0 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
Note 26—Share-Based Compensation Plans
The PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust 2019 Equity Investment Plan (the “2019 Plan”) was adopted and approved by the Company’s shareholders in June 2019. The PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust 2009 Equity Investment Plan (the “2009 Plan”) expired on July 24, 2019; however, there are outstanding equity awards under the 2009 Plan that remain subject to the terms of such plan.
The Company’s share-based compensation activity is summarized below:
Grants:
Restricted share units
96
129
Performance share units
116
Total share units granted
245
Grant date fair value:
Restricted share units granted
1,978
2,281
Performance share units granted
2,380
1,542
Total grant date value of share units
granted
4,358
3,823
Vestings:
227
261
141
Total share units vested
368
289
Forfeitures:
Total share units forfeited
Compensation expense relating to share-based
grants
Note 27—Other Expenses
Other expenses are summarized below:
Common overhead allocation from PFSI
Safekeeping
1,633
3,368
1,121
Bank service charges
690
215
1,833
954
Technology
418
1,143
1,014
Insurance
309
274
911
915
870
1,816
3,527
4,819
Note 28—Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rates were (45.4)% and (27.7)% for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company’s taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) recognized a tax benefit of $22.3 million on pretax loss of $111.4 million while the Company’s consolidated pretax income was $48.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. For the same period in 2018, the Company’s TRS recognized tax expense of $4.8 million on a pretax income of $17.7 million, while the Company’s consolidated pretax income was $51.7 million. The relative value between the tax benefit or expense at the TRS and the Company’s consolidated pretax income generally drive the fluctuation in the effective tax rate. The primary difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate is attributable to nontaxable REIT income resulting from the dividends paid deduction.
Based on the Company’s evaluation, a deferred tax valuation allowance was established against the TRS net deferred tax assets in the amount of $7.0 million. In its evaluation the Company considered, among other things, taxable loss carryback availability, expectations of sufficient future taxable income, trends in earnings, existence of taxable income in recent years, the future reversal of temporary differences, and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented, if required. Valuation allowances are established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a more-likely-than-not standard.
In general, cash dividends declared by the Company will be considered ordinary income to the shareholders for income tax purposes. Some portion of the dividends may be characterized as capital gain distributions or a return of capital. For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (subject to certain limitations) provides a 20% deduction from taxable income for ordinary REIT dividends.
Note 29—Earnings Per Share
The Company grants restricted share units which entitle the recipients to receive dividend equivalents during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common shares. Unvested share-based compensation awards containing non-forfeitable rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”) are classified as “participating securities” and are included in the basic earnings per share calculation using the two-class method.
Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing net income available to common shareholders (net income reduced by preferred dividends and income attributable to the participating securities) by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings per share is determined by dividing net income attributable to diluted shareholders, which adds back to net income the interest expense, net of applicable income taxes, on the Company’s Exchangeable Notes, by the weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming all dilutive securities were issued.
The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations:
(in thousands except per share amounts)
(6,234
(6,235
(18,703
Effect of participating securities—share-based
compensation awards
(165
(236
(476
(541
63,601
40,091
148,581
91,929
Interest on Exchangeable Notes, net of income taxes
2,716
2,661
8,138
7,973
Diluted net income attributable to common shareholders
66,317
42,752
156,719
99,902
Weighted average basic shares outstanding
Dilutive securities:
Shares issuable pursuant to exchange of the
8,467
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Calculation of diluted earnings per share requires certain potentially dilutive shares to be excluded when the inclusion of such shares in the diluted earnings per share calculation would be antidilutive. The following table summarizes the potentially dilutive shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation:
Shares issuable under share-based compensation plan
133
361
149
403
59
Note 30—Segments
The Company operates in four segments: credit sensitive strategies, interest rate sensitive strategies, correspondent productions, and corporate:
The credit sensitive strategies segment represents the Company’s investments in CRT arrangements, firm commitments to purchase CRT securities, distressed loans, REO, real estate held for investment, non-Agency subordinated bonds and small balance commercial real estate loans.
The interest rate sensitive strategies segment represents the Company’s investments in MSRs, ESS, Agency and senior non-Agency MBS and the related interest rate hedging activities.
The correspondent production segment represents the Company’s operations aimed at serving as an intermediary between mortgage lenders and the capital markets by purchasing, pooling and reselling newly originated prime credit quality loans either directly or in the form of MBS, using the services of the Manager and PLS.
Financial highlights by operating segment are summarized below:
Credit
sensitive
Correspondent
strategies
production
Corporate
Net investment income:
51,515
(5,726
Net gain on loans acquired for sale (1)
10,522
38,738
Net interest income (expense):
12,421
41,494
33,244
642
(20,916
(37,777
(25,536
(84,229
(8,495
3,717
7,708
1,453
25,522
26,980
54,995
3,150
71,968
647
Expenses:
Loan fulfillment and servicing fees
payable to PFSI
855
12,109
58,113
2,277
1,142
5,035
5,962
14,416
3,132
13,251
50,184
16,060
Pretax income (loss)
51,863
(10,101
21,784
(15,413
Total assets at quarter end
2,419,222
4,069,205
4,065,039
191,143
During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the chief operating decision maker began attributing a portion of the initial fair value the Company recognizes relating to its firm commitment to purchase CRT securities upon the sale of loans to the correspondent production segment in recognition of pricing changes in the correspondent production segment. Accordingly, the Company allocated $15.4 million of the initial firm commitment recognized in Net gain on loans acquired for sale in the correspondent production segment for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
60
Net gain (loss) on investments
26,293
(16,610
12,314
12,496
44,389
8,675
30,573
22,465
611
(8,792
(25,109
(12,708
(46,609
(117
5,464
9,757
1,457
12,442
13,899
39,952
33,243
34,695
8,800
36,327
344
2,485
5,582
14,030
6,890
9,144
28,741
12,064
33,062
24,099
5,954
(11,453
1,348,750
3,822,572
1,976,188
120,068
7,267,578
130,704
97,932
33,066
71,761
30,321
111,436
79,398
1,520
(46,928
(105,845
(52,091
(204,864
(16,607
5,591
27,307
4,731
56,138
1,146
62,015
151,894
24,013
155,206
2,666
1,936
33,166
137,415
6,708
2,043
11,322
18,743
38,816
8,644
35,209
113,635
44,921
143,250
(11,196
41,571
(42,255
Total assets at period end
During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the chief operating decision maker began attributing a portion of the initial fair value the Company recognizes relating to its firm commitment to purchase CRT securities upon the sale of loans to the correspondent production segment in recognition of pricing changes in the correspondent production segment. Accordingly, the Company allocated $33.4 million of the initial firm commitment recognized in Net gain on loans acquired for sale in the correspondent production segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
61
72,744
(37,534
16,769
128,106
27,634
75,423
51,456
1,135
(28,899
(62,552
(30,039
(121,490
(1,265
12,871
21,417
(351
28,410
28,083
87,926
103,443
74,637
1,159
5,529
24,992
83,280
13,077
166
4,778
16,172
34,193
18,606
25,158
57,537
34,078
69,320
78,285
17,100
(32,919
Note 31—Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Payments:
Income tax, net
136
900
Interest
206,024
124,332
Cumulative effect on accumulated deficit of conversion
to fair value accounting for mortgage servicing rights
Non-cash investing activities:
Transfer of loans and advances to real estate
acquired in settlement of loans
Transfer of real estate acquired in settlement
of mortgage loans to real estate held for
investment
4,123
Transfer from real estate held for investment to real
estate acquired in settlement of loans
Receipt of mortgage servicing rights as proceeds from
sales of loans at fair value
Receipt of excess servicing spread pursuant to recapture
agreement with PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
Capitalization of servicing advances pursuant to
mortgage loan modifications
4,734
Transfer of firm commitment to purchase CRT
securities to investment securities
Non-cash financing activities:
Dividends declared, not paid
42,870
28,817
62
Note 32—Regulatory Capital and Liquidity Requirements
PMC is a seller/servicer for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Company is required to comply with the following minimum capital and liquidity eligibility requirements to remain in good standing with each Agency:
A minimum net worth of $2.5 million plus 25 basis points of UPB for all loans serviced;
A tangible net worth/total assets ratio greater than or equal to 6%; and
Liquidity equal to or exceeding 3.5 basis points multiplied by the aggregate UPB of all mortgages secured by 1-4 unit residential properties serviced for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae (“Agency Mortgage Servicing”) plus 200 basis points multiplied by the sum of nonperforming (90 or more days delinquent) Agency Mortgage Servicing that exceeds 6% of Agency Mortgage Servicing.
Such Agencies’ capital and liquidity amounts and requirements, the calculations of which are defined by each entity, are summarized below:
Net Worth (1)
Tangible Net Worth /
Total Assets Ratio (1)
Liquidity (1)
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Actual
Required
444,451
303,967
115,398
39,884
528,506
238,915
58,144
31,678
Calculated in accordance with the Agencies’ requirements.
Noncompliance with the Agencies’ capital and liquidity requirements can result in the Agencies taking various remedial actions up to and including removing the Company’s ability to sell loans to and service loans on behalf of the Agencies.
Note 33—Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated all events and transactions through the date the Company issued these consolidated financial statements. During this period:
On October 16, 2019, the Company, through its indirect subsidiary, PMT CREDIT RISK TRANSFER TRUST 2019-3R ("2019-3R Trust"), issued an aggregate principal amount of $375 million in secured term notes (the "2019-3R Notes") to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2019-3R Notes bear interest at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 2.70% per annum, with an initial payment date that will occur on November 27, 2019 and, with respect to each calendar month thereafter, a payment date that shall occur on the second business day following the latest underlying payment date of all of the underlying series in that calendar month. The 2019-3R Notes mature on October 2022 or, if extended pursuant to the terms of the applicable transaction documents, October 2024 (unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms).
All agreements to repurchase assets that matured before the date of this Report were extended or renewed.
63
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes of PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust (“PMT”) included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause actual results to be materially different from those expressed or implied in such statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan” and other similar expressions. You should consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors,” as well as our consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are made as of the date hereof and we assume no obligation to update or supplement any forward-looking statements.
The following discussion and analysis provides information that we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the words “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to PMT.
We are a specialty finance company that invests primarily in residential loans and mortgage-related assets. Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors over the long-term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. Our investment focus is on the mortgage-related assets that we create through our correspondent production activities, including mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and credit risk transfer (“CRT”) arrangements, which include CRT agreements (“CRT Agreements”) and CRT strips that absorb credit losses on certain of the loans we sell. We also invest in mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), and hold excess servicing spread (“ESS”) on MSRs acquired by PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS”). We have also historically invested in distressed mortgage assets (loans and real estate acquired in settlement of loans (“REO”)) as well as other credit sensitive assets, including loans that finance multifamily and other commercial real estate. We have substantially liquidated our holdings of distressed, multifamily and commercial real estate loans and continue to reduce our holdings of REO.
We are externally managed by PNMAC Capital Management, LLC (“PCM”), an investment adviser that specializes in and focuses on U.S. mortgage assets. Our loan portfolio and MSRs are serviced by PLS.
Credit Sensitive Investments
CRT Arrangements
We believe that CRT arrangements are long-term investments that can produce attractive risk-adjusted returns through our own mortgage production while aligning with Fannie Mae’s strategic goal to attract private capital investment in its credit risk. We believe there is significant potential for investment in front-end credit risk transfer that result from our correspondent production activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we purchased CRT securities (comprised of deposits securing CRT arrangements and CRT strips) totaling $933.4 million and made commitments to purchase CRT securities with face amount of $847.3 million. We held CRT-related investments (composed of deposits securing CRT arrangements, CRT derivatives, CRT strips, and firm commitment to purchase CRT securities) totaling $2.3 billion at September 30, 2019. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we funded investments in CRT Agreements totaling $18.6 million and $96.4 million, respectively. We held CRT-related investments totaling $789.0 million at September 30, 2018.
Distressed Mortgage Assets
We have substantially liquidated our investment in distressed loans and continue to reduce our holdings of REO. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we received proceeds from liquidations, payoffs, paydowns and sales from our portfolio of distressed loans and REO totaling $73.5 million and $135.9 million, respectively. We held $15.4 million of distressed loans at fair value at September 30, 2019. We also held $79.2 million of REO at September 30, 2019.
Interest Rate Sensitive Investments
Our interest rate sensitive investments include:
Mortgage servicing rights. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we received $249.9 million and $534.7 million, respectively, of MSRs as proceeds from sales of loans acquired for sale. We held $1.2 billion of MSRs at fair value at September 30, 2019.
ESS relating to MSRs held by PFSI. We received ESS with fair value totaling $377,000 and $1.3 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, pursuant to a recapture agreement with PLS. We held ESS with a fair value totaling $183.1 million at September 30, 2019.
REIT-eligible mortgage-backed or mortgage-related securities. We purchased $528.4 million and $609.6 million of MBS during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019. We sold $704.2 million MBS during the quarter ended September 30, 2019. We held MBS with fair values totaling $2.3 billion at September 30, 2019.
Correspondent Production
Our correspondent production activities involve the acquisition and sale of newly originated prime credit quality residential loans. Correspondent production serves as the source of our investments in MSRs and CRT arrangements and are summarized below:
Sales of loans acquired for sale:
14,662,668
9,317,446
32,322,507
17,753,237
71,081,489
47,577,484
Investment activities driven by correspondent
production:
Receipt of MSRs as proceeds from sales
192,483
Recognition of firm commitment to
purchase CRT securities (1)
Change in face amount of firm commitment
Total investments in CRT arrangements
548,938
249,186
1,241,511
503,918
Initial recognition of firm commitment upon sale of loans.
To the extent that we purchase loans that are insured by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) through the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”), or insured or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (the “VA”) or U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), we and PLS have agreed that PLS will fulfill and purchase such loans, as PLS is a Ginnie Mae-approved issuer of government-guaranteed MBS and we are not. This arrangement has enabled us to compete with other correspondent aggregators that purchase both government and conventional loans. We receive a sourcing fee from PLS ranging from two to three and one-half basis points, generally based on the average number of calendar days that loans are held by us prior to purchase by PLS, on the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of each loan that we sell to PLS.
In 2013, we transferred certain correspondent production loans into a private label securitization, and retained a portion of the securities created in the securitization transaction. Our private label securitization is accounted for as a financing arrangement. Sales of securities included in the securitization are treated as issuances of debt.
During 2019, we completed the following underwritten offerings of common shares of beneficial interest:
65
“At-the-Market” (ATM) Equity Offering Program
On March 14, 2019, we entered into equity distribution agreements to sell from time to time, through an ATM equity offering program under which the Agents will act as sales agent and /or principal, our common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $200,000,000. Following is a summary of the activities under the ATM equity offering program:
As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $94.4 million of common shares available for issuance under our ATM equity offering program.
Taxation
We believe that we qualify to be taxed as a REIT and as such will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to shareholders as long as we meet applicable REIT asset, income and share ownership tests. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our profits will be subject to income taxes and we may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the four tax years following the year we lose our REIT qualification. A portion of our activities, including our correspondent production business, is conducted in our taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), which is subject to corporate federal and state income taxes. Accordingly, we have made a provision for income taxes with respect to the operations of our TRS. We expect that the effective rate for the provision for income taxes may be volatile in future periods. Our goal is to manage the business to take full advantage of the tax benefits afforded to us as a REIT.
We evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required based on the consideration of all available positive and negative evidence using a “more-likely-than-not” standard with respect to whether deferred tax assets will be realized. Our evaluation considers, among other factors, taxable loss carryback availability, expectations of sufficient future taxable income, trends in earnings, existence of taxable income in recent years, the future reversal of temporary differences, and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented, if required. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends primarily on our ability to generate future taxable income during the periods in which the related deferred tax assets become deductible.
Non-Cash Income
A substantial portion of our net investment income includes non-cash items, including fair value adjustments, recognition of the fair value of assets created and liabilities incurred in loan sale transactions and the capitalization and amortization of certain assets and liabilities. Because we have elected, or are required by generally accepted accounting principles, to record certain of our financial assets (comprised of mortgage-backed securities, loans acquired for sale at fair value, loans at fair value and ESS), our firm commitment to purchase CRT securities, our derivatives, our MSRs, and our asset-backed financing and interest-only security payable at fair value, a substantial portion of the income or loss we record with respect to such assets and liabilities results from non-cash changes in fair value.
66
The amounts of non-cash income (loss) items included in net investment income are as follows:
Net loan servicing fees—MSR valuation adjustments
Receipt of MSRs in loan sale transactions
Fair value of commitment to purchase credit risk
Provision for losses relating to representations
and warranties provided in loan sales
Change in fair value during the period of
financial instruments held at period end
Loans:
Held in a variable interest entity
(1,781
(1,141
(6,959
(15,258
ESS
16,641
22,362
Asset-backed financing of a VIE
39,439
(12,465
135,300
(28,282
Net interest income—Capitalization of interest
pursuant to loan modifications
138,668
94,720
212,611
238,078
Non-cash items as a percentage of net investment
106
87
89
We receive or pay cash relating to our investments as follows:
We receive cash related to MSRs in the form of loan servicing fees.
We receive proceeds on the sale of loans acquired for sale that include both cash and our estimate of the fair value of MSRs and a firm commitment to purchase CRT securities, and we recognize a liability for potential losses relating to representations and warranties created in the mortgage loan sales transactions. We pay cash relating to our provision for representations and warranties when we repurchase loans or settle loss claims from investors.
We receive cash relating to our investments in mortgage-backed securities through monthly principal and interest payments from the issuer of such securities.
We receive cash relating to CRT arrangements through a portion of both the interest payments collected on loans in the CRT arrangements’ reference pools and the deposits securing the arrangements that are released as principal on such loans is repaid.
We receive or pay cash relating to hedging instruments when the instruments mature or when we effectively cancel the transactions through offsetting trades.
We receive cash relating to loan investments when the investments are paid down, paid off or sold, when payments of principal and interest occur on such loans or when the property securing the loan has been sold.
67
The following is a summary of our key performance measures:
(in thousands, except per common share amounts)
(56,839
(202,409
(135,379
Pretax income
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes
21,867
(5,100
36,390
(20,613
Net income attributable to common
shareholders
Pretax income (loss) by segment:
Credit sensitive strategies
Interest rate sensitive strategies
Correspondent production
Annualized return on average common
shareholder's equity
14.3
12.8
12.6
Earnings per common share:
Dividends per common share
Per common share closing prices:
During the period:
High
22.48
20.35
Low
21.59
18.56
18.62
15.57
At period end
22.23
20.24
Total assets (in thousands)
Book value per common share
21.14
20.61
Our net income during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 reflects the effects of decreasing mortgage interest rates as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Our net income for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 was higher than the quarter ended September 30, 2018 due to a $27.0 million decrease in provision for income taxes. Our pretax income decreased by $3.5 million, reflecting the offsetting effects on our pretax income of the decreasing interest rate environment that prevailed during the quarter. The reduction in pretax results was offset by the provision for income taxes as summarized below:
Our credit sensitive strategies segment benefitted from the growth in our investments in CRT arrangements as well as the decrease in our investment in distressed loans; we recognized a $21.4 million increase in gains on CRT arrangements as well as a $1.9 million decrease in losses on loans at fair value.
Our interest rate sensitive strategies segment was also affected by the decrease in interest rates. We recognized a $32.5 million increase in valuation gains on our investment in MBS which was offset by $39.2 million decrease in net servicing fees caused by fair value adjustments to our investment in MSRs, a $1.7 million decrease in net interest income, and an increase in hedging losses of $14.2 million.
Our correspondent production segment benefited from increases in loan production volume and gain on sale margins due to the increase in loan demand resulting from decreasing interest rates that prevailed throughout the quarter ended September 30, 2019, resulting in a $15.8 million increase in its pretax income.
Our provision for income taxes reflects the fair value impairment we recognized on our investment in MSRs in our TRS, resulting in an income tax benefit for the quarter.
Our net income during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 also reflects the effects of decreasing mortgage interest rates, as well as the effect on our credit sensitive strategies segment of growth in CRT-related investments and decreasing credit spreads during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
Our credit sensitive strategies segment benefitted from the decrease in our investment in distressed loans as well as from growth in our investments in CRT arrangements; we recognized a $11.6 million decrease in losses on loans at fair value as well as a $44.2 million increase in gains on CRT arrangements.
Our interest rate sensitive strategies segment was also affected by the decrease in interest rates. We recognized a $158.1 million increase in valuation gains on our investment in MBS and hedging gains which was offset by a $207.6 million decrease in net servicing fees caused by fair value adjustments to our investment in MSRs, resulting in an $89.5 million decrease in this segment’s pretax income.
Our correspondent production segment benefited from increases in loan production volume and gain on sale margins due to the increase in loan demand resulting from decreasing interest rates that prevailed throughout the nine months ended September 30, 2019, resulting in a $24.5 million increase in our pretax income.
Our provision for income taxes reflects the fair value impairment we recognized on our investment in MSRs in our TRS, resulting in an income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Our net income for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 include recognition of incentives we received for financing certain of our loans acquired for sale satisfying certain relief characteristics under a master repurchase agreement. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $979,000 and $10.8 million, respectively, in such incentives as a reduction of interest expense compared to $5.0 million and $11.0 million, respectively, during the same periods in 2018. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
Our net investment income is summarized below:
Net loan origination fees
Results of real estate acquired in settlement
Following is a discussion of the changes in our net investment income.
Net Gain (Loss) on Investments
The increase in net gain on investments during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, was caused primarily by increased gains from our investments in MBS and CRT commitments, partially offset during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 by hedging losses, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized net valuation gains on MBS of $13.5 million and $77.8 million, respectively, as compared to net valuation losses of $19.0 million and $50.3 million, respectively, for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The gains we recorded for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 reflect the influence of decreasing interest rates during 2019, as compared to increasing interest rates during the same periods in 2018 and the growth of our investment in MBS. Our average investment in MBS at fair value increased by $533.1 million, or 28%, and $1.0 billion, or 70%, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods during 2018.
70
Loans at Fair Value – Distressed
Net losses on our investment in distressed loans at fair value are summarized below:
Valuation changes:
Performing loans
(1,263
885
(2,647
(8,357
Nonperforming loans
(517
(2,026
(4,312
(6,901
(1,780
Gain on payoffs
480
773
Gain (loss) on sale
122
(2,017
(3,347
Average portfolio balance at fair value
Interest and fees capitalized
Proceeds from liquidation of loans
54,295
89,454
79,061
348,618
Repayments and liquidation
2,674
9,183
9,121
33,232
56,969
98,637
88,182
381,850
Valuation changes amounted to losses of $1.8 million and $7.0 million, respectively, in the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to losses of $1.1 million and $15.3 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2018. These decreased losses reflect the 83% reduction in our average investment in distressed loans during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods during 2018.
The valuation changes on performing loans reflect the effects of capitalization of delinquent interest on loans we modify. When we capitalize interest in a loan modification, we increase the carrying value of the mortgage loan. The interest income we recognize is offset by a valuation loss of corresponding magnitude. Changes in other inputs may result in further valuation changes to the loan. Subsequent performance of a modified mortgage loan will be reflected in its future fair value. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we capitalized interest totaling $181,000 and $2.1 million, respectively, as compared to $2.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2018.
During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we substantially liquidated our remaining investment in distressed loans through sales to nonaffiliates. We received proceeds from the sale of loans at fair value totaling $54.3 million and $79.1 million, respectively, compared to $89.5 million and $348.6 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2018.
71
The activity in and balances relating to our CRT Agreements, firm commitments to purchase credit risk transfer securities and CRT strips are summarized below:
72
The increase in gains recognized on CRT arrangements is due to growth in our investments in CRT assets which increased realized gains on our investments, partially offset by valuation losses which reflect increases in both credit spreads and prepayment expectations for certain of our CRT investments during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same periods in 2018.
73
ESS Purchased from PFSI
We recognized fair value losses relating to our investment in ESS totaling $3.4 million and $10.2 million, respectively, for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to fair value gains of $1.7 million and $11.0 million, respectively, for the quarter and nine months ended September 30,2018. The change in valuation results during 2019 as compared to 2018 reflects the different interest rate environments that prevailed between the periods. The lower interest rates that prevailed during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulted in increased prepayment expectations for the loans underlying the ESS. Such prepayment expectations result in reduced cash flow expectations, negatively affecting the assets’ fair values.
Net Gain on Loans Acquired for Sale
Our net gain on loans acquired for sale is summarized below:
From non-affiliates:
and warranties provided in loan sales:
Recognition of fair value of commitment to
purchase credit risk transfer security relating
to loans sold
financial instruments held at period end:
Total from non—affiliates
Interest rate lock commitments issued on loans
acquired for sale to nonaffiliates
20,315,242
8,568,216
42,940,524
19,123,343
Loans acquired for sale:
17,080
7,512
36,367
17,253
To PFSI
14,588
9,011
32,141
27,421
31,668
16,523
68,508
44,674
The changes in gain on loans acquired for sale during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, reflect the value of our commitment to invest in the credit risk of our loan production. We included $25.9 million and $65.9 million, respectively, in gain on sale of loans related to our continued involvement in the credit risk relating to the loans we sold during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $12.3 million and $16.7 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our commitment to invest in this credit risk contributed significantly to our gain on loans acquired for sale.
74
Non-cash elements of gain on sale of loans
The MSRs and liability for representations and warranties we recognize represent our estimate of the fair value of future benefits and costs we will realize for years in the future. These estimates represented approximately 507% and 510%, respectively, of our gain on sale of loans at fair value for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 389% and 552%, respectively, for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. How we measure and update our measurements of MSRs is detailed in Note 7 – Fair value – Valuation Techniques and Inputs to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.
We recognize a liability for potential losses relating to representations and warranties created in our loan sales transactions. Our agreements with the purchasers include representations and warranties related to the loans we sell. The representations and warranties require adherence to purchaser and insurer origination and underwriting guidelines, including but not limited to the validity of the lien securing the mortgage loan, property eligibility, borrower credit, income and asset requirements, and compliance with applicable federal, state and local law.
In the event of a breach of our representations and warranties, we may be required to either repurchase the loans with the identified defects or indemnify the investor or insurer against credit losses attributable to the loans with indemnified defects. In such cases, we bear any subsequent credit loss on the loans. Our credit loss may be reduced by any recourse we have to correspondent sellers that, in turn, had sold such loans to us and breached similar or other representations and warranties. In such event, we have the right to seek a recovery of those repurchase losses from that correspondent seller.
Following is a summary of the indemnification and repurchase activity of the loans subject to representations and warranties:
Indemnification activity:
Loans indemnified at beginning of period
5,756
5,660
7,075
5,926
New indemnifications
371
583
893
Less: Indemnified loans repaid or refinanced
176
1,961
788
Loans indemnified at end of period
5,697
6,031
Loans with deposits received from correspondent
sellers collateralizing prospective
indemnification losses at end of period
603
781
Repurchase activity:
Loans repurchased
14,781
Less:
Loans repurchased by correspondent sellers
4,010
2,083
7,443
8,215
Loans repaid by borrowers
818
462
1,891
2,036
Net loans repurchased (repurchased by
correspondent sellers) or
repaid by borrowers
3,987
5,447
(2,008
Net losses charged (recovery credited)
to liability for representations and warranties
128
(41
At end of period:
Loans subject to representations and warranties
Liability for representations and warranties
The losses on representations and warranties we have recorded to date have been moderated by our ability to recover most of the losses inherent in the repurchased loans from the correspondent sellers. As the outstanding balance of loans we purchase and sell subject to representations and warranties increases, as the loans sold season, as our correspondent sellers’ ability and willingness to repurchase loans and as our investors’ and guarantors’ loss mitigation strategies change, we expect that the level of repurchase activity and associated losses may increase.
The method we use to estimate the liability for representations and warranties is a function of our estimates of future defaults, loan repurchase rates, the potential severity of loss in the event of default and the probability of reimbursement by the correspondent mortgage loan seller. We establish a liability at the time loans are sold and review our liability estimate on a periodic basis.
75
The amount of the liability for representations and warranties is difficult to estimate and requires considerable judgment. The level of loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, investor loss mitigation strategies, our ability to recover any losses inherent in the repurchased loan from the correspondent seller and other external conditions that change over the lives of the underlying loans. We may be required to incur losses related to such representations and warranties for several periods after the loans are sold or liquidated.
We record adjustments to our recorded liability for losses on representations and warranties as economic fundamentals change, as investor and Agency evaluations of their loss mitigation strategies (including claims under representations and warranties) change and as economic conditions affect our correspondent sellers’ ability or willingness to fulfill their recourse obligations to us. Such adjustments may be material to our financial position and income in future periods.
Adjustments to our liability for representations and warranties are included as a component of our Net gains on loans acquired for sale at fair value. We recorded a $1.1 million and $2.2 million reduction in liability for representations and warranties during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, due to the effects of certain loans reaching specified performance histories identified by the Agencies as sufficient to limit repurchase claims relating to such loans.
Loan Origination Fees
Loan origination fees represent fees we charge correspondent sellers relating to our purchase of loans from those sellers. The changes in the amount of these fees during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, reflects an increase in our purchases of loans with delivery fees.
Net Loan Servicing Fees
Our correspondent production activity is the primary source of our loan servicing portfolio. When we sell loans, we generally enter into a contract to service those loans and we recognize the fair value of such contracts as MSRs. Under these contracts, we are required to perform mortgage loan servicing functions in exchange for fees and the right to other compensation.
The servicing functions, which are performed on our behalf by PLS, typically include, among other responsibilities, collecting and remitting loan payments; responding to borrower inquiries; accounting for the loan; holding and remitting custodial (impound) funds for payment of property taxes and insurance premiums; counseling delinquent mortgagors; and supervising foreclosures and property dispositions.
Gain (losses) on hedging derivatives, net
Average servicing portfolio
Includes contractually specified servicing fees, net of guarantee fees.
Net loan servicing fees decreased during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, by $39.2 million and $207.6 million, respectively. The decrease in net loan servicing fees during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same periods in 2018, was primarily attributable to the negative effect of the decrease in fair value of our MSRs, net of hedging derivative gains, resulting from decreasing interest rates during 2019 compared to 2018. This negative effect was partially offset by growth in our loan servicing portfolio resulting from our correspondent production activities.
76
The fair value changes attributable to market inputs such as projected prepayment speeds decreased $190.9 million and $493.0 million, respectively, primarily due to the effect of lower interest rates that prevailed during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the effect of increasing interest rates on prepayment experience and expectations that prevailed during the same period in 2018. This loss was partially offset by an increase in hedging gains of $146.0 million and $275.0 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018.
Loan servicing fees (including ancillary and other fees) increased $30.4 million and $67.2 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, reflecting the growth of our servicing portfolio. This increase was offset by increases in realization of cash flows of $25.6 million and $58.4 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Realization of cash flows increased disproportionately to the increase in servicing fees due to acceleration of the rate of realization caused by the increased prepayment experience and expectations that accompany lower interest rates.
Net Interest Income
Interest income/expense
Discount/
Average
Coupon
fees (1)
yield/cost %
185,675
2.75
21,344
(2,358
2,418,815
3.07
4.24
Held by variable interest entity
303
4.08
698
4.81
3,334
3,818
353,548
4.23
ESS from PFSI
189,097
4.74
2,054,259
2.13
72,817
(1,874
70,943
8,279,313
89,675
4.15
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase (2)
47,903
692
3.29
349
3.62
3,359
311
5.74
16,514
538
2,295
(99
115,305
5.18
71,947
1,467
73,414
7,820,609
3.67
Interest on loan impound deposits
82,762
4.21
6,913
(3,341
Net interest margin
0.08
Net interest spread
-0.06
Amounts in this column represent capitalization of interest on delinquent loans, amortization of premiums and accrual of unearned discounts for assets and amortization of debt issuance costs and premiums for liabilities.
In 2017, we entered into a master repurchase agreement that provided us with incentives to finance loans approved for satisfying certain consumer relief characteristics as provided in the agreement. During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, the Company included $979,000 of such incentives as a reduction to Interest expense. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
51,677
2.92
17,131
(1,228
1,885,730
3.30
4.82
2,904
4.01
2,971
2,274
4.92
5,875
2,436
8,311
716,902
4.54
227,527
6.43
655,185
1.91
52,912
1,208
54,120
5,370,253
3.94
61,116
32,806
(3,081
2.86
674
78,506
3.68
293
5.72
5,096
255
4.70
2,539
201
3.76
136,622
5.19
46,286
(2,267
44,019
5,267,862
3.27
48,876
3.46
12,240
3,475
1.15
1.08
In 2017, we entered into a master repurchase agreement that provided us with incentives to finance loans approved for satisfying certain consumer relief characteristics as provided in the agreement. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, we included $5.0 million of such incentives as a reduction to Interest expense. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
150,565
2.82
69,024
2,538,531
2.90
4.64
8,161
654
4.07
1,604
1,968
5.04
9,765
2,622
12,387
379,490
4.30
202,143
5.30
1,509,707
2.25
195,625
(10,506
185,119
7,043,798
3.47
233,181
4.17
131,789
(5,595
1,184
112
3.92
10,078
919
5.80
32,819
1,532
4.98
7,115
1,905
4.37
122,277
5.48
188,000
(1,127
186,873
6,777,108
3.64
205,991
3.99
27,190
(9,379
0.33
0.18
In 2017, we entered into a master repurchase agreement that provided us with incentives to finance loans approved for satisfying certain consumer relief characteristics as provided in the agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company included $10.8 million of such incentives as a reduction to Interest expense. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
79
37,247
2.32
39,750
1,490,406
3.28
4.68
8,870
3.80
11,319
6,767
4.44
20,189
6,734
26,923
844,156
234,502
6.51
631,581
1.83
132,841
4,111
136,952
4,698,439
3.84
151,537
84,239
(4,534
2.94
1,255
3.56
867
5.77
8,691
341
7,762
3.53
Assets sold to PFSI under agreement to
139,940
5.36
117,711
(3,111
114,600
4,559,254
3.31
124,601
26,936
7,222
0.96
0.85
In 2017, we entered into a master repurchase agreement that provided us with incentives to finance loans approved for satisfying certain consumer relief characteristics as provided in the agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company included $11.0 million of such incentives as a reduction to Interest expense. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
80
The effects of changes in the yields and costs and composition of our investments on our interest income are summarized below:
vs.
Increase (decrease)
due to changes in
Rate
Volume
change
(107
1,027
920
167
2,393
2,560
(4,643
7,726
3,083
(4,739
23,508
18,769
(12,119
22,878
10,759
(449
28,273
27,824
217
(344
(127
601
(623
(22
(112
(4,254
(4,366
2,150
(16,664
(14,514
105
(4,598
(4,493
2,751
(17,287
(14,536
(882
(567
(1,449
(1,988
(1,472
(3,460
Deposits securing CRT
423
7,580
8,003
2,397
14,613
(17,223
34,046
16,823
(1,861
50,028
48,167
Placement fees relating to custodial
funds
18,718
(28
142
42,700
25,477
68,888
67,027
Assets sold under agreements to
5,058
13,812
18,870
7,915
38,574
46,489
Mortgage loan participation
purchase and sale agreement
(12
(353
(365
130
(230
183
11,518
11,701
24,839
25,319
at fair value
(385
(159
(544
1,771
(587
Assets sold to PFSI under agreement
(3
(282
(285
(724
4,859
24,536
29,395
10,401
61,872
72,273
Interest shortfall on repayments of
loans serviced for Agency
securitizations
7,910
10,389
Interest on mortgage loan impound
deposits
315
712
32,761
37,620
72,973
83,374
(22,082
9,939
(12,143
(12,262
(4,085
(16,347
The decrease in net interest income during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, reflects increased placement fees relating to impounded funds we administer along with a shift in our investments toward MBS and away from distressed assets along with increased financing of non-interest earning assets such as MSRs, CRT derivatives and CRT strips, and with the expiration of a master repurchase agreement that provided us with incentives to finance loans approved for satisfying certain consumer relief characteristics. Included in net interest income for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are $979,000 and $10.8 million, respectively, compared to $5.0 million and $11.0 million, respectively, of incentives we recognized relating to a master repurchase agreement. The master repurchase agreement expired on August 21, 2019.
81
During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred interest expense totaling $84.2 million and $204.9 million, respectively, as compared to $46.6 million and $121.5 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our interest cost on interest-bearing liabilities was 3.67% and 3.64% for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and 3.27% and 3.31%, respectively, for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in interest expense primarily reflects the growth in our balance sheet between December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, as well as the expiration of the master repurchase agreement.
Results of Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans
Results of REO includes the gains or losses we record upon sale of the properties as well as valuation adjustments we record during the period we hold those properties. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded net gains of $702,000 and $1.3 million, respectively, as compared to losses of $310,000 and $5.8 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2018, in Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans. This improvement in results reflects the ongoing liquidation of our investments in distressed mortgage assets. During the quarter ended June 30, 2019, we committed to liquidate our real estate held for investment. As the result of this commitment, we transferred $30.4 million of real estate held for investment to REO. Notwithstanding this transfer, REO balances have decreased from $162.9 million at December 31, 2018 to $79.2 million at September 30, 2019.
Results of REO are summarized below:
Proceeds from sales of REO
30,294
20,960
Results of real estate acquired in settlement of
loans:
Number of properties sold
123
270
473
Average carrying value of REO
87,750
102,176
82,891
127,255
At period end:
Number of properties
295
Our expenses are summarized below:
Expenses increased $25.8 million, or 45%, and $67.0 million, or 50%, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, primarily due to increased fulfillment fees attributable to increases in our production volume partially offset by reduction in the average fulfillment fee rate we incurred during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018.
Loan Fulfillment Fees
Loan fulfillment fees represent fees we pay to PLS for the services it performs on our behalf in connection with our acquisition, packaging and sale of loans. The fee is calculated as a percentage of the UPB of the loans purchased. Loan fulfillment fees and related fulfillment volume are summarized below:
Fulfillment fee expense
Average fulfillment fee rate (in basis points)
The increase in loan fulfillment fees of $18.9 million and $49.6 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, is primarily due to an increase in the volume of loans fulfilled for us by PFSI, partially offset by a decrease in the average fulfillment fee rate charged by PFSI due to an increase in discretionary reductions made by PFSI to facilitate successful loan acquisitions by us.
Loan Servicing Fees
Loan servicing fees payable to PLS are summarized below:
MSR recapture income recognized included
in Net loan servicing fees —from
PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.
We incur loan servicing fees primarily in support of our MSR portfolio. Loan servicing fees increased by $2.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018. The increase in loan servicing fees was due to growth in our portfolio of MSRs, partially offset by reductions in the distressed loan portfolio resulting from continuing loan sales and liquidations throughout the periods presented.
The components of our management fee payable to PCM are summarized below:
Base
Average shareholders' equity amounts used
to calculate management fee expense
83
Management fees increased by $3.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, due to increases in both the base management and performance incentive fees. Performance incentive fees are based on our profitability in relation to our common shareholders’ equity. The increase in the base management fee is due to increases in our average shareholders’ equity as the result of common share issuances during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increases in performance incentive fees reflect increases in our return on common shareholders’ equity during 2019 as compared to 2018.
Loan Collection and Liquidation
Loan collection and liquidation expenses decreased $1.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively, during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, due to the significant reductions in our portfolio of distressed loans as the result of our sales of these assets.
Other Expenses
Income Taxes
We have elected to treat PMC as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). Income from a TRS is only included as a component of REIT taxable income to the extent that the TRS makes dividend distributions of income to us. A TRS is subject to corporate federal and state income tax. Accordingly, a provision for income taxes for PMC is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Our effective tax rates were (45.4)% and (27.7)% for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Our TRS recognized a tax benefit of $22.3 million on a loss of $111.4 million while our consolidated pretax income was $48.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. For the same period in 2018, the TRS recognized tax expense of $4.8 million on income of $17.7 million while our consolidated pretax income was $51.7 million. The relative values between the tax benefit or expense at the TRS and our consolidated pretax income drive the fluctuation in the effective tax rate. The primary difference between our effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate is due to nontaxable REIT income resulting from the dividends paid deduction.
We evaluated the net deferred tax asset of our TRS and established a deferred tax valuation allowance in the amount of $7.0 million. In our evaluation, we consider, among other things, taxable loss carryback availability, expectations of sufficient future taxable income, trends in earnings, existence of taxable income in recent years, the future reversal of temporary differences, and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented, if required. We establish valuation allowances based on the consideration of all available evidence using a more-likely-than-not standard.
In general, cash dividends declared by the Company will be considered ordinary income to the shareholders for income tax purposes. Some portion of the dividends may be characterized as capital gain distributions or a return of capital. For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) (subject to certain limitations) provides a 20% deduction from taxable income for ordinary REIT dividends.
84
Following is a summary of key balance sheet items as of the dates presented:
Investments:
Short-term
Real estate
128,791
10,436,284
7,596,464
194,674
157,052
Borrowings:
Short-term debt
6,713,154
5,081,691
Long-term debt
1,646,349
1,011,433
8,359,503
6,093,124
165,495
154,105
Shareholders’ equity
Total assets increased by approximately $2.9 billion, or 38%, during the period from December 31, 2018 through September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $2.3 billion increase in loans acquired for sale an increase and an $897.7 million increase in deposits securing CRT arrangements.
Our asset acquisitions are summarized below.
Following is a summary of our correspondent production acquisitions at fair value:
Correspondent loan purchases:
17,179,627
7,724,524
36,684,423
17,603,421
Government-insured or guaranteed-for sale to PLS
14,994,479
9,340,567
33,118,146
28,485,645
3,153
8,730
12,839
17,270
1,451
Commercial loans
7,263
32,178,710
17,073,821
69,818,890
46,113,599
During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we purchased for sale $32.2 billion and $69.8 billion, respectively, in fair value of correspondent production loans as compared to $17.1 billion and $46.1 billion, respectively, in fair value of correspondent production loans during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our ability to increase the level of correspondent production reflects the favorable interest rate environment along with continuing expansion of our correspondent seller network and our efforts aimed at maximizing the share of our correspondent sellers’ production that is sold to us.
Other Investment Activities
Following is a summary of our acquisitions of mortgage-related investments held in our interest rate sensitive strategies and credit-sensitive strategies segments:
Interest rate sensitive assets:
MSRs received in mortgage loan sales and purchased
MBS
ESS received pursuant to a recapture agreement
778,632
598,290
1,145,638
1,546,520
Credit sensitive assets:
Deposits and commitments to fund deposits relating to
Change in expected face amount of firm commitment
UPB of securities
562,227
251,198
347,750
313,447
1,281,120
505,930
1,340,859
849,488
2,426,758
2,052,450
Our acquisitions during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were financed through the use of a combination of proceeds from borrowings, liquidations of existing investments and proceeds from equity issuances. We continue to identify additional means of increasing our investment portfolio through cash flow from our business activities, existing investments, borrowings, and transactions that minimize current cash outlays. However, we expect that, over time, our ability to continue our investment portfolio growth will depend on our ability to raise additional equity capital.
Following is a summary of our MBS holdings:
Life
Market
(in years)
yield
Agency:
4.6
3.5
2.6
7.5
3.8
3.3
8.3
3.7
Credit Risk Transfer Transactions
Following is a summary of the composition of the loans underlying our investment in CRT transactions and our firm commitment to purchase CRT securities.
Following is a summary of our holding of CRT arrangements:
(24,729
(36,011
2,208,472
1,234,477
UPB of loans subject to credit guarantee obligations
Collection status (in UPB):
90—179 days delinquent
Following is a summary of the composition of the loans underlying our investment in CRT arrangements as of September 30, 2019:
Year of origination
2017
2016
2015
(in millions)
UPB:
Outstanding
4,178
18,728
12,244
8,257
2,652
46,059
Cumulative defaults
Cumulative losses
Original debt-to income ratio
<25%
375
1,847
1,499
1,150
334
5,206
25 - 30%
417
1,845
352
5,255
30 - 35%
585
2,593
2,015
1,473
7,146
35 - 40%
774
3,256
2,396
1,655
576
8,657
40 - 45%
1,012
4,245
3,017
2,164
762
11,199
>45%
1,015
4,943
1,818
673
147
8,596
38.0
36.2
35.1
35.2
36.8
Origination FICO score
600 - 649
268
94
497
650 - 699
555
2,836
1,628
948
450
6,418
700 - 749
1,479
6,216
4,067
863
15,276
750 or greater
2,105
9,381
6,436
4,592
1,302
23,816
Not available
-
745
744
747
750
746
Origination LTV
<80 %
1,151
5,707
3,704
3,243
974
14,780
80-85 %
959
4,655
3,394
2,128
676
11,812
85-90 %
259
988
661
145
90-95 %
566
2,255
1,579
951
335
5,687
95-100 %
1,244
5,123
2,905
522
11,244
84.5
83.6
83.1
81.2
81.9
83.0
Current LTV (1)
2,167
10,966
9,487
7,741
2,559
32,920
444
2,263
1,757
394
4,929
3,296
820
153
2,816
234
330
>100%
0
79.7
77.6
71.7
65.3
62.3
73.1
Based on current UPB compared to estimated fair value of the property securing the mortgage loan.
Geographic distribution
CA
619
2,489
1,582
1,948
528
7,167
FL
485
1,841
1,053
198
4,261
TX
1,182
873
392
3,619
VA
146
795
650
649
275
2,516
MD
792
512
156
2,530
11,628
7,400
3,544
1,103
26,205
Regional geographic
concentration (1)
Midwest
1,498
1,145
697
3,836
Northeast
357
1,639
1,381
909
351
4,638
Southeast
1,496
6,388
4,014
2,420
15,127
Southwest
872
3,825
2,407
9,150
West
5,378
2,734
741
13,308
Midwest consists of IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, SD, WI; Northeast consists of CT, DE, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, VT, VI; Southeast consists of AL, DC, FL, GA, KY, MD, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV; Southwest consists of AZ, AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK, TX, UT; West consists of AK, CA, GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA and WY.
Collection status
Current - 89 Days
4,176
18,689
12,219
8,242
2,646
45,972
90 - 179 Days
180+ Days
Following is a summary of our firm commitment to purchase CRT securities:
UPB of loans sold
Increase (decrease) in expected face amount
of firm commitment to purchase CRT securities
backed by mortgage loans sold of committed
transactions outstanding at period end
Fair value of firm commitment recognized in
Gains recognized on firm commitment included in
Face amount of firm commitment to purchase CRT
Fair value of firm commitment
UPB of loans sold subject to firm commitment
to purchase CRT securities related to such loans
Following is a summary of the composition of the loans underlying our firm commitment to purchase CRT securities as of September 30, 2019:
2,973
2,943
3,735
4,312
5,031
4,056
23,050
36.1
90
242
2,054
6,791
13,871
752
<80
7,269
80-84
4,444
85-89
1,290
90-94
95-100
7,381
84.2
10,899
1,796
2,966
5,753
1,616
82.1
3,075
1,797
1,590
AZ
1,125
WA
1,063
14,400
Regional geographic concentration (1)
2,182
2,081
7,205
5,503
6,079
91
23,048
Following is a summary of our REO by property type:
Property type
% total
1 - 4 dwelling units
60,615
71,318
Condominium/Townhome/Co-op
7,366
9,060
Planned unit development
11,220
5,303
Florida
16,477
7,770
New York
14,738
20,068
New Jersey
13,790
17,060
Illinois
7,342
4,631
6,003
3,583
California
3,601
11,829
17,250
20,740
Our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below:
Change
Operating activities
(1,530,167
Investing activities
311,728
Financing activities
1,260,963
Net cash flows
42,524
Our cash flows resulted in a net increase in cash of $53.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as discussed below.
Cash used in operating activities totaled $2.3 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $801.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Cash flows from operating activities primarily reflect cash flows from loans acquired for sale as shown below:
Operating cash flows from:
Loans acquired for sale
(2,837,318
(894,236
505,714
92,799
Cash flows from loans acquired for sale primarily reflect changes in the level of production inventory from the beginning to end of the periods presented. Our inventory of loans acquired for sale increased during both 2019 and 2018, resulting in the cash outflow relating to loans acquired for sale.
Net cash used in our investing activities was $370.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $682.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During 2018, we made significant net investments in MBS when compared to the reduction in investment in MBS during 2019. This reduction was partially offset by payments to fund investments in CRT arrangements.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $2.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. These changes reflects the increased borrowings and the equity issuances made to finance growth in investments in MBS, CRT arrangements and growth in our production of loans held for sale.
As discussed below in Liquidity and Capital Resources, our Manager continues to evaluate and pursue additional sources of financing to provide us with future investing capacity. We do not raise equity or enter into borrowings for the purpose of financing the payment of dividends. We believe that our cash flows from the liquidation of our investments, which include accumulated gains recorded during the periods we hold those investments, along with our cash earnings, are adequate to fund our operating expenses and dividend payment requirements. However, we manage our liquidity in the aggregate and are reinvesting our cash flows in new investments as well as using such cash to fund our dividend requirements.
Our liquidity reflects our ability to meet our current obligations (including the purchase of loans from correspondent sellers, our operating expenses and, when applicable, retirement of, and margin calls relating to, our debt and derivatives positions), make investments as our Manager identifies them, pursue our share repurchase program and make distributions to our shareholders. We generally need to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income each year (subject to certain adjustments) to our shareholders to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. This distribution requirement limits our ability to retain earnings and thereby replenish or increase capital to support our activities.
We expect our primary sources of liquidity to be cash flows from our investment portfolio, including cash earnings on our investments, cash flows from business activities, and proceeds from borrowings and/or additional equity offerings. When we finance a particular asset, the amount borrowed is less than the asset’s fair value and we must provide the cash in the amount of such difference. Our ability to continue making investments is dependent on our ability to invest the cash representing such difference.
Our current debt financing strategy is to finance our assets where we believe such borrowing is prudent, appropriate and available. We make collateralized borrowings in the form of sales of assets under agreements to repurchase, mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements and notes payable, including secured term financing for our MSRs and a portion of our CRT Agreements which has allowed us to more closely match the term of our borrowings to the expected lives of the assets securing those borrowings. Our leverage ratio, defined as all borrowings divided by shareholders’ equity at the date presented, was 3.77 and 3.89 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Our repurchase agreements represent the sales of assets together with agreements for us to buy back the assets at a later date. Following is a summary of the activities in our repurchase agreements financing:
Average balance outstanding
Maximum daily balance outstanding
Ending balance
4,394,597
The difference between the maximum and average daily amounts outstanding is primarily due to timing of loan purchases and sales in our correspondent acquisition business. The total facility size of our assets sold under agreements to repurchase was approximately $8.4 billion at September 30, 2019.
Because a significant portion of our current debt facilities consists of short-term borrowings, we expect to either renew these facilities in advance of maturity in order to ensure our ongoing liquidity and access to capital or otherwise allow ourselves sufficient time to replace any necessary financing.
As discussed above, all of our repurchase agreements, and mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements have short-term maturities:
The transactions relating to loans and REO under agreements to repurchase generally provide for terms of approximately one year.
The transactions relating to loans under mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements provide for terms of approximately one year.
The transactions relating to assets under notes payable provide for terms ranging from two to five years.
Our debt financing agreements require us and certain of our subsidiaries to comply with various financial covenants. As of the filing of this Report, these financial covenants include the following:
profitability at the Company for at least one (1) of the previous two consecutive fiscal quarters, and at the Company and our Operating Partnership over the prior three (3) calendar quarters;
a minimum of $40 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents among the Company and/or our subsidiaries; a minimum of $40 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents among our Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries; a minimum of $25 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents between PMC and PMH; and a minimum of $10 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents at each of PMC and PMH;
a minimum tangible net worth for the Company of $860 million; a minimum tangible net worth for our Operating Partnership of $860 million; a minimum tangible net worth for PMH of $250 million; and a minimum tangible net worth for PMC of $150 million;
a maximum ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of less than 10:1 for PMC and PMH and 5:1 for the Company and our Operating Partnership; and
at least two warehouse or repurchase facilities that finance amounts and assets similar to those being financed under our existing debt financing agreements.
Although these financial covenants limit the amount of indebtedness we may incur and impact our liquidity through minimum cash reserve requirements, we believe that these covenants currently provide us with sufficient flexibility to successfully operate our business and obtain the financing necessary to achieve that purpose.
PLS is also subject to various financial covenants, both as a borrower under its own financing arrangements and as our servicer under certain of our debt financing agreements. The most significant of these financial covenants currently include the following:
positive net income for at least one (1) of the previous two consecutive fiscal quarters, measured quarterly and as of the end of each fiscal quarter;
a minimum in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $40 million;
a minimum tangible net worth of $500 million; and
a maximum ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of 10:1.
In addition to the financial covenants imposed upon us and PLS under our debt financing agreements, we and/or PLS, as applicable, are also subject to liquidity and net worth requirements established by FHFA for Agency sellers/servicers and Ginnie Mae for single-family issuers. FHFA and Ginnie Mae have established minimum liquidity and net worth requirements for approved non-depository single-family sellers/servicers in the case of FHFA, and for approved single-family issuers in the case of Ginnie Mae, as summarized below:
A minimum net worth of a base of $2.5 million plus 25 basis points of UPB for total 1-4 unit residential loans serviced.
A tangible net worth/total assets ratio greater than or equal to 6%.
Liquidity equal to or exceeding 3.5 basis points multiplied by the aggregate UPB of all mortgages secured by 1-4 unit residential properties serviced for Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae (“Agency Mortgage Servicing”) plus 200 basis points multiplied by the sum of nonperforming (90 or more days delinquent) Agency Mortgage Servicing that exceed 6% of Agency Mortgage Servicing.
In the case of PLS, liquidity equal to the greater of $1.0 million or 0.10% (10 basis points) of its outstanding Ginnie Mae single-family securities, which must be met with cash and cash equivalents.
In the case of PLS, net worth equal to $2.5 million plus 0.35% (35 basis points) of its outstanding Ginnie Mae single-family obligations.
We and/or PLS, as applicable, are obligated to maintain these financial covenants pursuant to our MSR financing agreements.
Our debt financing agreements also contain margin call provisions that, upon notice from the applicable lender at its option, require us to transfer cash or, in some instances, additional assets in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit. A margin deficit will generally result from any decline in the market value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the assets subject to the related financing agreement, although in some instances we may agree with the lender upon certain thresholds (in dollar amounts or percentages based on the market value of the assets) that must be exceeded before a margin deficit will arise. Upon notice from the applicable lender, we will generally be required to satisfy the margin call on the day of such notice or within one business day thereafter, depending on the timing of the notice.
Our Manager continues to explore a variety of additional means of financing our growth, including debt financing through bank warehouse lines of credit, repurchase agreements, term financing, securitization transactions and additional equity offerings. However, there can be no assurance as to how much additional financing capacity such efforts will produce, what form the financing will take or that such efforts will be successful.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2019, we have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
As of September 30, 2019, we had contractual obligations aggregating to $14.6 billion comprised of borrowings, interest expense on long term debt from our Exchangeable Notes and asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value, and commitments to purchase loans from correspondent sellers. Payment obligations under these agreements, including expected interest payments on long-term debt, are summarized below:
.
Payments due by period
Contractual obligations
Less than
1 year
1 - 3
years
3 - 5
More than
5 years
Commitments to purchase loans from
correspondent sellers
Short‒term debt
6,713,520
Long‒term debt
1,648,496
281,269
Interest expense on long term debt (1)
409,986
92,134
181,918
82,597
53,337
14,561,209
12,594,861
1,449,824
334,606
Interest expense on long term debt includes interest for the Asset-backed financing of a VIE at fair value, the Exchangeable Notes and the Term Notes.
All debt financing arrangements that matured between September 30, 2019 and the date of this Report have been renewed, extended or replaced.
The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to our assets sold under agreements to repurchase is summarized by counterparty below as of September 30, 2019:
Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC
656,792
328,288
91,492
Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.
BNP Paribas Corporate & Institutional Banking
1,292,747
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices, real estate values and other market-based risks. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are real estate risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, prepayment risk, inflation risk and market value risk. Our primary trading asset is our inventory of loans acquired for sale. We believe that such assets’ fair values respond primarily to changes in the market interest rates for comparable recently-originated loans. Our other market-risk assets are a substantial portion of our investments and are primarily comprised of distressed loans, MSRs, ESS, CRT Agreements and MBS. We believe that the fair values of MSRs, ESS and MBS also respond primarily to changes in the market interest rates for comparable loans or yields on MBS. We believe that the fair values of our investment in distressed loans respond primarily to changes in the fair value of the real estate securing such loans.
The following sensitivity analyses are limited in that they were performed at a particular point in time; only contemplate the movements in the indicated variables; do not incorporate changes to other variables; are subject to the accuracy of various models and assumptions used; and do not incorporate other factors that would affect our overall financial performance in such scenarios, including operational adjustments made by management to account for changing circumstances. For these reasons, the following estimates should not be viewed as earnings forecasts.
The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair value of our mortgage-backed securities as of September 30, 2019, given several hypothetical (instantaneous) changes in interest rates and parallel shifts in the yield curve:
Interest rate shift in basis points
-200
-75
-50
200
(dollar in thousands)
2,328,946
2,334,172
2,334,318
2,298,390
2,278,147
2,136,291
Change in fair value:
3,936
9,162
9,308
(26,620
(46,863
(188,719
0.2
0.4
(1.1
)%
(2.0
(8.1
The following tables summarize the estimated change in fair value of MSRs as of September 30, 2019, given several shifts in pricing spreads, prepayment speed and annual per-loan cost of servicing:
Pricing spread shift in %
-20%
-10%
-5%
+5%
+10%
+20%
1,215,032
1,188,275
1,175,350
1,150,359
1,138,275
1,114,889
52,318
25,561
12,636
4.5
2.2
1.1
(2.1
(4.1
Prepayment speed shift in %
1,315,960
1,234,761
1,197,686
1,129,683
1,098,445
1,040,830
153,246
72,047
34,972
13.2
3.0
(2.8
(5.5
(10.5
Per-loan servicing cost shift in %
1,194,575
1,178,645
1,170,679
1,154,749
1,146,783
1,130,853
31,861
15,931
7,965
(31,961
2.7
1.4
0.7
(0.7
(1.4
(2.7
Excess servicing spread
The following tables summarize the estimated change in fair value of our ESS as of September 30, 2019, given several shifts in pricing spreads and prepayment speed:
188,259
185,666
184,396
181,904
180,682
178,285
5,117
2,525
1,254
(1,238
(2,460
(4,856
11.3
5.3
260.0
(2.5
(4.9
(9.3
203,530
192,865
187,893
178,597
174,248
166,091
20,389
9,724
4,752
(4,544
(8,893
(17,051
2.8
(1.3
Following is a summary of the effect on fair value of various changes to the pricing spread input used to estimate the fair value of our CRT arrangements given several shifts in pricing spread:
Pricing spread shift in basis points
-100
-25
2,274,902
2,239,541
2,222,261
2,188,472
2,171,953
2,139,635
69,661
34,300
17,020
(16,769
(33,288
(65,606
3.2
1.6
0.8
(1.5
(3.0
Following is a summary of the effect on fair value of various instantaneous changes in home values from those used to estimate the fair value of our CRT Agreements given several shifts:
Property value shift in %
-15%
5%
10%
15%
2,179,818
2,192,802
2,201,447
2,208,240
2,209,459
2,209,772
(27,253
(14,269
(5,624
2,388
2,701
(1.2
(0.3
Following is a summary of the effect on fair value of various changes to the pricing spread input used to estimate the fair value of our firm commitment to purchase CRT securities given several shifts in pricing spread:
93,033
73,560
64,068
45,555
36,528
18,914
38,298
18,826
9,334
(9,179
(18,207
(35,821
70.0
34.4
17.1
(16.8
(33.3
(65.4
98
Following is a summary of the effect on fair value of various instantaneous changes in home values from those used to estimate the fair value of our Firm commitment to purchase CRT securities giving several shifts:
41,066
48,192
52,499
55,798
56,107
56,099
(13,669
(6,542
(2,235
1,365
(25.0
(12.0
1.9
2.5
Loans at Fair Value
The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair value of our loans at fair value held by VIE as of September 30, 2019, net of the effect of changes in fair value of the related asset-backed financing of the VIE at fair value, given several hypothetical (instantaneous) changes in interest rates and parallel shifts in the yield curve:
275,159
275,200
275,208
275,030
274,916
274,124
(13
(142
(256
(1,048
(0.1
(0.4
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. However, no matter how well a control system is designed and operated, it can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.
Our management has conducted an evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act. Based on our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, whether any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Below we describe changes in our internal control over financial reporting since June 30, 2019 that management believes have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
In the ordinary course of business, we review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes that we believe will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of controls, ensure sufficient precision of controls, and appropriately mitigate the risk of material misstatement in the financial statements. Changes may include implementing new systems, updating existing systems, automating manual processes and enhancing the documentation of controls.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, our loan servicer, PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS”) implemented an internally-developed loan servicing system. In connection with this implementation and related business process changes, we updated the design of certain of our internal controls over financial reporting that were previously considered effective to reflect the design of its new loan servicing system and associated data sources, and implemented new controls to replace controls previously addressed by certain service organization SOC 1 Reports (System and Organization Controls Reports). PLS’ loan servicing system provides significant information that we use in our financial reporting process. We will continue to monitor and test these new controls for adequate design and operating effectiveness. PLS adopted this internally-developed loan servicing system and we updated the design of our internal controls during the quarter ended September 30, 2019. Therefore, the use of this system was included in the preparation of our financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in various legal actions, claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2019, we were not involved in any material legal actions, claims or proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2019.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
There were no sales of unregistered equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
There were no common share repurchases during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
Item 5. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
Incorporated by Reference from the
Below-Listed Form (Each Filed under SEC
File Number 14-64423)
Exhibit No.
Exhibit Description
Form
Filing Date
3.1
Declaration of Trust of PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust, as amended and restated.
10-Q
November 6, 2009
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust
8-K
March 16, 2018
Articles Supplementary classifying and designating the 8.125% Series A Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest.
8-A
March 7, 2017
3.4
Articles Supplementary classifying and designating the 8.00% Series B Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest.
June 30, 2017
10.1
Sixth Amendment to Master Repurchase Agreement, dated July 23, 2019, among JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., PennyMac Corp. and PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P.
July 25, 2019
10.2
Amendment No. 9 to Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2019, by and among PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P., PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust and Bank of America, N.A.
*
10.3
Amendment Number Eight to the Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2019, by and among PennyMac Loan Services, LLC, PennyMac Holdings, LLC, PennyMac Corp. and Citibank, N.A.
10.4
Amendment Number Eight to the Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2019, by and among PennyMac Corp., PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P., PennyMac Loan Services, LLC and Citibank, N.A.
10.5
Amendment Number Fourteen to the Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2019, by and among PennyMac Corp., PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P.Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC.
10.6
Seventh Amendment to Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of October 11, 2019, by and among PennyMac Corp., PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
10.7
Amendment No. 10 to Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2019, by and among Bank of America, N.A., PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P. and PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust.
10.8
Amendment No. 17 to Mortgage Loan Participation Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2019, by and among Bank of America, N.A., PennyMac Corp., PennyMac Investment Trust and PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P.
31.1
Certification of David A. Spector pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of Andrew S. Chang pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**
Certification of David A. Spector pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
**
32.2**
Certification of Andrew S. Chang pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
Filed herewith.
The certifications attached hereto as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
102
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Pennymac Mortgage Investment Trust
(Registrant)
Dated: November 1, 2019
By:
/s/ David A. Spector
David A. Spector
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Andrew S. Chang
Andrew S. Chang
Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
103