Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2025
Commission File No. 001-33037
PRIMIS FINANCIAL CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia
20-1417448
(State or other jurisdiction
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
of incorporation or organization)
1676 International Drive, Suite 900
McLean, Virginia 22102
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)
(703) 893-7400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class:
Trading symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
FRST
NASDAQ Global Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☒
Smaller reporting company ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 31, 2025, there were 24,644,385 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding.
September 30, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 - Financial Statements
4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
7
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
8
Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
46
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
77
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures
79
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings
80
Item 1A – Risk Factors
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures
81
Item 5 – Other Information
Item 6 - Exhibits
82
Signatures
84
2
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND DEFINED TERMS
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as otherwise indicated or the context suggests otherwise, references to the “Company” refers to Primis Financial Corp., and the terms “Primis”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to the Company and its subsidiaries, including Primis Bank, which we refer to as “Primis Bank” or the “Bank.”
“PMC” refers to Primis Mortgage Company, a residential mortgage lender headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina, a consolidated subsidiary of Primis Bank.
“PFH” refers to Panacea Financial Holdings, Inc., headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, which owns the rights to the Panacea Financial brand and its intellectual property and partners with the Bank to offer a suite of financial products and services for doctors, their practices, and the broader healthcare industry.
ACL
Allowance for credit losses
AFS
Available-for-sale
ALCO
Asset-Liability Committee
ASC
Accounting Standards Codification
ASU
Accounting Standards Update
Basel III
Basel Committee's 2010 Regulatory Capital Framework
CECL
Current expected credit losses
CEO
Chief Executive Officer
CFO
Chief Financial Officer
DEI
Diversity, equity and inclusion
Dodd-Frank Act
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
EPS
Earnings per share
ESG
Environmental, social and governance
EVE
Economic value of equity
FASB
Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB
Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta
FRB
Federal Reserve Bank
FOMC
Federal Open Market Committee
FVO
Fair value option
GAAP
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
HTM
Held-to-maturity
IRLC
Interest rate lock commitments
LHFI
Loans held for investment
LHFS
Loans held for sale
NII
Net interest income
NASDAQ
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations
PCA
Prompt corrective action
PCD
Purchased credit deteriorated
PPP
Paycheck Protection Program
SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR
Secured Overnight Financing Rate
VIE
Variable interest entity
3
ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PRIMIS FINANCIAL CORP.CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
September 30,
December 31,
2025
2024
(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from financial institutions
$
7,692
8,059
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions
56,189
56,446
Total cash and cash equivalents
63,881
64,505
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $252,991 and $262,632, respectively)
234,660
235,903
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $8,037 and $8,602, respectively)
8,550
9,448
Loans held for sale, at fair value
148,781
83,276
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or market
53,591
163,832
Total loans held for sale
202,372
247,108
Loans held for investment, collateralizing secured borrowings
15,476
17,287
3,184,758
2,870,160
Less: allowance for credit losses
(44,766)
(53,724)
Net loans
3,155,468
2,833,723
Stock in Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank
17,035
13,037
Bank premises and equipment, net
19,380
19,432
Assets held for sale
775
5,497
Operating lease right-of-use assets
9,427
10,279
Cloud computing arrangement assets, net
6,017
8,065
Goodwill
93,459
Intangible assets, net
43
665
Bank-owned life insurance
68,504
67,184
Deferred tax assets, net
17,328
26,466
Consumer Program derivative asset
409
4,511
Investment in Panacea Financial Holdings, Inc. common stock
6,880
—
Other assets
50,661
50,833
Total assets
3,954,849
3,690,115
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits
489,728
438,917
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW accounts
831,709
817,715
Money market accounts
737,634
798,506
Savings accounts
958,416
775,719
Time deposits
318,865
340,178
Total interest-bearing deposits
2,846,624
2,732,118
Total deposits
3,336,352
3,171,035
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
3,954
3,918
Secured borrowings
15,403
17,195
FHLB advances
85,000
Junior subordinated debt
9,917
9,880
Senior subordinated notes
86,174
85,998
Operating lease liabilities
10,682
11,566
Other liabilities
25,214
25,541
Total liabilities
3,572,696
3,325,133
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 5,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 45,000,000 shares; 24,723,934 shares issued and 24,644,385 shares outstanding at September 30, 2025, and 24,722,734 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024
247
Additional paid in capital
314,770
314,694
Retained earnings
82,541
58,047
Treasury stock, at cost. 79,549 shares at September 30, 2025
(807)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(14,598)
(21,232)
Total Primis stockholders' equity
382,153
351,756
Noncontrolling interests
13,226
Total stockholders' equity
364,982
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
PRIMIS FINANCIAL CORP.CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Interest and dividend income:
Interest and fees on loans
48,857
54,296
138,538
151,581
Interest and dividends on taxable securities
1,808
1,702
5,450
5,022
Interest and dividends on tax exempt securities
86
97
278
297
Interest and dividends on other earning assets
1,015
1,017
2,850
2,756
Total interest and dividend income
51,766
57,112
147,116
159,656
Interest expense:
Interest on deposits
20,571
25,351
60,460
72,987
Interest on other borrowings
2,163
3,738
6,080
8,524
Total interest expense
22,734
29,089
66,540
81,511
29,032
28,023
80,576
78,145
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
(49)
7,511
9,850
17,138
Net interest income after provision for (recovery of) credit losses
29,081
20,512
70,726
61,007
Noninterest income:
Account maintenance and deposit service fees
1,358
1,468
4,372
4,722
Income from bank-owned life insurance
456
431
1,319
1,975
Gains on Panacea Financial Holdings investment
294
32,322
Mortgage banking income
8,887
6,803
22,395
18,779
Gains on sale of loans
249
459
307
Gains on other investments
381
51
126
393
Consumer Program derivative income
264
565
3,392
Other noninterest income
450
776
873
Total noninterest income
11,969
9,282
62,334
30,441
Noninterest expenses:
Salaries and benefits
18,523
16,764
53,524
48,587
Occupancy expenses
1,575
1,248
4,321
3,988
Furniture and equipment expenses
1,906
1,823
5,572
5,288
Amortization of intangible assets
318
602
952
Virginia franchise tax expense
576
631
1,730
1,894
FDIC insurance assessment
999
545
2,813
1,744
Data processing expense
2,369
2,552
8,255
7,130
Marketing expense
449
1,684
1,407
Telephone and communication expense
309
330
920
Professional fees
2,509
2,914
7,147
7,255
Miscellaneous lending expenses
231
1,098
1,965
1,835
Other operating expenses
2,866
2,283
8,238
7,182
Total noninterest expenses
32,313
30,955
96,771
88,279
Income (loss) before income taxes
8,737
(1,161)
36,289
3,169
Income tax expense (benefit)
1,907
(304)
7,988
1,679
Net income (loss)
6,830
(857)
28,301
1,490
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
2,085
3,602
5,640
Net income attributable to Primis' common stockholders
1,228
31,903
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities
1,703
7,601
8,398
5,863
Tax expense
358
1,595
1,764
1,231
Other comprehensive income
1,345
6,006
6,634
4,632
Comprehensive income
8,175
7,234
38,537
11,762
Earnings per share, basic
0.28
0.05
1.29
0.29
Earnings per share, diluted
PRIMIS FINANCIAL CORP.CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Accumulated
Additional
Other
Common Stock
Paid in
Retained
Treasury
Comprehensive
Noncontrolling
Shares
Amount
Capital
Earnings
Stock
Income (Loss)
Interests
Total
Balance - June 30, 2025
24,643,185
314,743
78,175
(15,943)
376,415
Net income
Dividends on common stock ($0.10 per share)
(2,464)
Stock option exercises
1,200
15
Stock-based compensation expense
12
Balance - September 30, 2025
24,644,385
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance - June 30, 2024
24,708,234
313,852
85,099
(23,151)
18,164
394,211
Issuance of Panacea Financial Holdings stock, net of costs
(38)
(2,085)
(2,473)
15,500
173
Restricted stock forfeited
(1,000)
41
Balance - September 30, 2024
24,722,734
314,066
83,854
(17,145)
16,041
397,063
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Balance - December 31, 2024
(3,602)
Panacea Financial Holdings, Inc. deconsolidation
(9,624)
Dividends on common stock ($0.30 per share)
(7,409)
Repurchase of common stock
(79,549)
61
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance - December 31, 2023
24,693,172
313,548
84,143
(21,777)
21,432
397,593
(5,640)
(7,419)
30,916
210
Repurchase of restricted stock
(354)
(4)
312
PRIMIS FINANCIAL CORP.CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)
Operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash and cash equivalents (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
6,535
6,723
Net amortization of premiums and (accretion of discounts)
285
(11)
Provision for credit losses
Proceeds from sales of loans originated to sell
12,224
76,194
Net change in mortgage loans held for sale
(34,436)
(42,783)
Net gains on mortgage banking
(22,395)
(18,779)
Net gains on sale of loans
(459)
(307)
Proceeds from sales of assets held for sale
2,308
3,319
Loss on bank premises and equipment and assets held for sale
191
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance
(1,319)
(1,272)
Gain on bank-owned life insurance death benefit
(703)
(32,322)
(126)
(393)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
7,374
(4,418)
Net change in fair value of loan derivative
4,102
3,660
Net (increase) decrease in other assets
(546)
18,549
Net increase (decrease) in other liabilities
2,404
(1,368)
Net cash and cash equivalents (used in) provided by operating activities
(17,968)
57,351
Investing activities:
Purchases of securities available-for-sale
(18,460)
(34,170)
Proceeds from paydowns, maturities and calls of securities available-for-sale
27,615
25,380
Proceeds from paydowns, maturities and calls of securities held-to-maturity
879
1,863
Net increase in FRB and FHLB stock
(3,998)
(6,629)
Net change in loans held for investment
(299,072)
(209,673)
Proceeds from sales of loans initially originated to be held for investment
57,093
Proceeds from sale of Panacea Financial Holdings investment
22,091
Proceeds from sale of other investment
432
Net (increase) decrease in other investments
288
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities
(213,469)
(219,677)
Financing activities:
Net increase in deposits
155,770
36,276
Increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase
36
633
Repayments of secured borrowings, net
(1,792)
(2,898)
Repayment of short-term FHLB advances
135,000
Cash dividends paid on common stock
Proceeds from exercised stock options
Increase in short-term FHLB advances
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by financing activities
230,813
162,047
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
(624)
(279)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
77,553
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
77,274
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash payments for:
Interest
67,194
80,491
Income taxes
496
42
Supplemental schedule of noncash activities:
Loans held for sale transferred to held for investment
101,568
Loans held for investment transferred to loans held for sale, at lower of cost or market
361,825
Assets held for sale transferred to other assets
2,221
Deconsolidation of Panacea Financial Holdings, Inc.
9,624
1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company
Primis Financial Corp. (NASDAQ: FRST) is the bank holding company for Primis Bank, a Virginia state-chartered bank, that commenced operations on April 14, 2005. Primis Bank provides a range of financial services to individuals and small and medium-sized businesses. As of September 30, 2025, Primis Bank had 24 full-service branches in Virginia and Maryland and also provides services to customers through certain online and mobile applications. Headquartered in McLean, Virginia, the Company has an administrative office in Glen Allen, Virginia and an operations center in Atlee, Virginia. PMC, a residential mortgage lender headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina, is a consolidated subsidiary of Primis Bank. PFH owns the rights to the Panacea Financial brand and its intellectual property and partners with the Bank to offer a suite of financial products and services for doctors, their practices, and ultimately the broader healthcare industry. PFH was deconsolidated from the Company on March 31, 2025, as further discussed below in “PFH Deconsolidation and Sale of Shares”. The operating results of PFH were included in the Company’s consolidated operating results through March 31, 2025.
Basis of Financial Information
The accounting policies and practices of Primis and its subsidiaries conform to GAAP and follow general practices within the banking industry. A discussion of the Company’s material accounting policies is located in our 2024 Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”).
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2024 Form 10-K. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. None of these reclassifications had a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K for additional information on the Company’s accounting policies. There have not been any significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies from those disclosed in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Primis and its subsidiaries, Primis Bank and PMC. The results of operations for PFH are included in the Company’s results of operations until its deconsolidation as of March 31, 2025, as further described below. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Primis consolidates subsidiaries in which it holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50 percent of the voting rights or where it exercises control. Entities where Primis holds 20 to 50 percent of the voting rights, or has the ability to exercise significant influence, or both, are accounted for under the equity method. Primis owns EVB Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”), which is an unconsolidated subsidiary and the junior subordinated debt owed to the Trust is reported as a liability of Primis.
We determine whether we have a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a VIE under GAAP. Voting interest entities are entities in which the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance itself independently and provides the equity holders with the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities. We consolidate voting interest entities in which we have all, or at least a majority of, the voting interest. As defined in GAAP, VIEs are entities that lack one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an enterprise has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s
economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The enterprise with a controlling financial interest, known as the primary beneficiary, consolidates the VIE. The Company has investments in VIE’s for which we are not the primary beneficiary and, as such, are not included in our consolidated financial statements.
PFH Deconsolidation and Sale of Shares
On December 21, 2023, PFH completed a $25 million Series B financing round led by a global venture capital firm. As part of the financing round, Primis acquired approximately 19% of PFH’s common stock for an immaterial purchase price due to previous operating losses in the Bank’s Panacea Financial Division. The Company performed an analysis and determined that PFH is a VIE because it lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. The Company’s analysis further determined that it has a controlling financial interest in PFH due to the substantial historical activities between PFH and the Bank’s Panacea Financial Division combined with the limited activities of PFH outside of its relationship with Primis. Further, there are employees of Primis that have historically carried out substantially all of the activities of PFH. Accordingly, the Company determined it is the primary beneficiary of PFH and consolidated it as of December 31, 2023.
As of March 31, 2025, the three primary executives of PFH resigned from their positions as management-level employees of Primis’ Panacea Financial Division of the Bank. Additionally, Primis and PFH amended their partnership agreement as of March 31, 2025 to allow PFH more control over the type and amount of lending it can perform through the Bank. As a result of these changes in the relationship between the Company and PFH, a re-assessment of PFH under the VIE accounting guidance was performed. The Company determined that PFH continues to be a VIE because it lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. However, as of March 31, 2025, the Company has determined, based on the relationship changes described above, that it was no longer the primary beneficiary of the VIE because it no longer has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. Accordingly, the Company deconsolidated PFH as of March 31, 2025.
Upon deconsolidation, the Company performed an analysis of its 2 million common share investment in PFH. The Company determined that based on a combination of its level of voting share ownership (19% of total outstanding voting shares), along with meaningful continued involvement in PFH’s lending and operating activities, the investment met the requirements to be accounted for in accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. As of the time of deconsolidation and initial application of ASC 323, the Company decided to elect the FVO allowed under ASC 323 and accounted for its investment in PFH common stock as of March 31, 2025 at fair value under ASC 825, Financial Instruments. The FVO is irrevocable and must be used in all future periods following election.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized a gain from deconsolidation of PFH of $25 million, which is recorded in the income statement in “Gain on Panacea Financial Holdings investment” within noninterest income. The gain resulted from recognition, as of the deconsolidation date of March 31, 2025, of the Company’s retained interest in PFH common stock of $21 million, at fair value, and the deconsolidation as of the same date of noncontrolling interest in PFH of $10 million and PFH’s net assets of $6 million. The Company engaged a third-party valuation specialist to perform a valuation of the Company’s PFH common shares as of March 31, 2025. The valuation included an assessment of the value of PFH primarily using an income approach leveraging a discounted cash flow technique. Key inputs and assumptions in the valuation included projected financial growth of PFH driven by future loan growth assumptions, growth in new services offerings of PFH, and cost savings from fundings provided by customer growth. Following deconsolidation, the Company continues to originate loans for PFH through its Panacea Division of the Bank, retaining some of the originated loans and selling the remaining. Any loans retained by the Company will be included within net loans in the balance sheet and will be included in the Company’s determination of future expected credit losses, which is the Company’s primary exposure to losses as a result of its continued involvement with PFH. For any originated loans that are intended to be sold, the Company will also include these on its balance sheet until the time of sale but through an agreement with PFH, any exposure to a decline in value prior to sale will be reimbursed to the Company by PFH. The
9
Company will also continue, through the Division, to provide loan origination support to PFH and the servicing of loans retained by the Division.
On June 12, 2025, the Company signed a non-binding term sheet to sell a portion of its retained ownership in PFH common shares after the deconsolidation that generated proceeds to the Company of $22 million. Following the sale of these shares, the Company continued to hold approximately 467 thousand shares in PFH. The Company utilizes a third-party valuation specialist to value these shares at each quarter end to support the Company’s recording of its investment at fair value as previously discussed. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a gain of $8 million in the income statement in “Gain on Panacea Financial Holdings investment” within noninterest income related to the sale of PFH common shares and fair value adjustments on its remaining investment.
Following deconsolidation, the Company determined that any transactions between the Company and PFH would be related party transactions under relevant accounting guidance. The primary transactions between the Company and PFH relate to quarterly payments between the parties driven by financial performance of loans PFH originates in the Division of the Bank. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had a payable of $200 thousand included within other liabilities on the balance sheet related to this payment due to PFH. As of September 30, 2025, the Company did not hold any assets on its balance sheet related to PFH that could be used by PFH to settle their obligations. The Company does not have an obligation to provide any future monetary support to PFH. The maximum exposure to loss as of September 30, 2025 as a result of continued involvement with PFH is the common stock investment of $7 million and any potential credit losses on loans originated in the division of the Bank as discussed above.
Disposition of the Life Premium Finance Division
On October 24, 2024, the Company entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with EverBank, N.A. (“EverBank”) for the sale of the Company’s Life Premium Finance division (“LPF”). EverBank acquired LPF from the Company, except for a subset of mostly fixed rate and rate-capped loans that were retained by the Bank. All of the LPF operations, including its employees, were assumed by EverBank following the close of the transaction, which took place in two parts. EverBank acquired approximately $370 million of loans from the division at a $6 million premium at the first close on October 31, 2024. Between the first and second closing on January 31, 2025, EverBank purchased loans generated by the division in ordinary course at par. The Bank provided interim servicing from the first closing until the transition of the business at the final closing, when EverBank began servicing the purchased loans and serviced the Bank’s retained portfolio for the duration of the portfolio. From the first closing through December 31, 2024, the Bank sold approximately $400 million of loans and related accrued interest and recorded a pre-tax gain of $5 million, net of advisory and legal fees. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank had an additional $51 million of loans to be sold to EverBank which were recorded in loans held for sale at the lower of cost or market. The Bank subsequently sold approximately $64 million of additional loans at par to EverBank (inclusive of the loans in held for sale at year end) from January 1, 2025 through the second closing on January 31, 2025.
Operating Segments
The Company, through its Bank subsidiary, provides a broad range of financial services. While the Company’s chief operating decision maker monitors the revenue streams of the various financial products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on an organization-wide basis. Management has determined that the Company has two reportable operating segments: Primis Mortgage and Primis Bank, as discussed in Note 11 – Segment Information.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and instructions for Form 10-Q and follow general practice within the banking industry. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim
10
periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the 2024 Form 10-K.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates that are particularly susceptible to change in the near term include: the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the fair value of investment securities, the credit impairment of investment securities, the mortgage banking derivatives, interest rate swap derivatives, Consumer Program derivatives, the valuation of goodwill, and deferred tax assets. Management monitors and continually reassess these at each reporting period.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company is subject to interest rate risk exposure in the normal course of business through its core lending operations. Primarily to help mitigate interest rate risk associated with its loan portfolio, the Company entered into interest rate swaps in May and August of 2023 with a large U.S. financial institution as the counterparty. Interest rate swaps are contractual agreements whereby one party pays a floating interest rate on a notional principal amount and receives a fixed-rate payment on the same notional principal, or vice versa, for a fixed period of time. Interest rate swaps change in value with movements in benchmark interest rates, such as Prime or SOFR. Interest rate swaps subject the Company to market risk associated with changes in interest rates, changes in interest rate volatility, as well as the credit risk that the counterparty will fail to perform. The Company’s interest rate swaps are pay-fixed and receive-floating whereby the Company receives a variable rate of interest based on SOFR.
As of September 30, 2025, the gross amounts of interest rate swap derivative assets and liabilities were $196 thousand and $333 thousand, respectively, and are recorded net in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024, the gross amounts of interest rate swap derivative assets and liabilities were $1 million and $248 thousand, respectively, and are recorded net in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. One of the Company’s three interest rate swaps matured in May of 2025 and the remaining two swaps mature in May and August of 2026.
The following table represents the carrying value of the portfolio layer method hedged assets and the cumulative fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying value of the hedged assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Amortized Cost Basis
Hedged Asset
Basis Adjustment
Fixed rate assets
727,236
150,103
103
818,375
249,190
(810)
Treasury Stock
On December 19, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to 740,600 shares of its outstanding common stock. The Stock Repurchase Program began on December 19, 2024, near the end of the previously authorized repurchase plan, and will end on December 19, 2025. The Stock Repurchase Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares, and there is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares that will be repurchased by the Company. The Stock Repurchase Program may be suspended, modified or terminated by the Company at any time and for any reason, without prior notice.
In June 2025, the Company repurchased a total of 79,549 shares of its common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program at an average cost of $10.00 per share and recorded the stock in Treasury Stock in Stockholders’ Equity at its repurchase cost of $807 thousand. At the date of repurchase, Stockholders' Equity was reduced by the repurchase price. If
11
the Company subsequently reissues treasury shares, Treasury Stock is reduced by the cost of such stock with differences recorded in additional paid-in capital or retained earnings, as applicable. The remaining buyback authority under the Stock Repurchase Program was 661,051 shares as of September 30, 2025.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires annual disclosure of certain information relating to the rate reconciliation, income taxes paid by jurisdiction, income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign, and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. The ASU also eliminates certain requirements relating to unrecognized tax benefits and certain deferred tax disclosure relating to subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures. This ASU is effective for the Company’s annual disclosures beginning for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU to the annual financial statement disclosures in its Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). This ASU requires more disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses but does not change the requirements for the presentation of expenses on the face of the income statement. In January 2025, FASB issued an update ASU 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), clarifying the effective date. The amendments in this standard will be effective for the Company’s annual disclosures beginning for the year ended December 31, 2027, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2028, and is required to be applied prospectively, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810) – Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity. This ASU modifies the Topic 805 framework for identifying the accounting acquirer in certain business combinations when the legal acquiree is a VIE. Existing guidance states the primary beneficiary is the accounting acquirer of a VIE in a business combination even if Topic 805’s general factors used to identify the accounting acquirer (which apply to other business combinations) suggest that the transaction would otherwise be a reverse acquisition. This ASU modifies existing guidance by limiting situations in which entities must identify the primary beneficiary as the accounting acquirer in certain business combinations and requiring entities to consider the general factors in Topic 805 when a business combination involving a VIE is primarily effected through exchanging equity interests. The ASU is to be applied prospectively to annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 for all entities, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) – Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-use Software. This ASU is intended to modernize old internal-use software guidance that is twenty years old to adapt to the agile (i.e., iterative and flexible) basis predominantly used to develop software today. The key changes to the guidance include (i) eliminating accounting consideration of software project development stages, (ii) enhancing the guidance around the ‘probable-to-complete’ threshold, (iii) modifying the website development costs guidance by eliminating Subtopic 350-50 and relocating any remaining relevant guidance into Subtopic 350-40, and (iv) providing new examples to illustrate the applications of the updated guidance. The ASU allows entities to adopt the guidance either (1) retrospectively, (2) prospectively to software costs incurred after the adoption date (i.e. on existing, in-process software projects or new projects) or (3) on a modified prospective basis. The ASU is effective for the Company starting in annual and interim periods beginning after December 31, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. This ASU expands the population of contracts that are excluded from the scope of derivative accounting. It also clarifies that the revenue guidance in ASC 606 initially applies to share-
based noncash consideration received from a customer for the transfer of goods or services. The ASU adds a scope exception from derivative accounting for nonexchange traded contracts with underlyings based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract. The ASU also clarifies that the revenue guidance in ASC 606 applies initially to share-based noncash consideration (e.g., shares, share options or other equity instruments) received from a customer for the transfer of goods or services. The guidance in other ASCs, including derivatives (ASC 815) and equity securities (ASC 321), is not applied unless and until the entity’s right to receive or retain the share-based noncash consideration is unconditional under ASC 606. The ASU allows entities to adopt the guidance either prospectively or on a modified retrospective basis. The ASU is effective for the Company starting in annual and interim periods beginning after December 31, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
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2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The amortized cost and fair value of AFS investment securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows ($ in thousands):
Amortized
Gross Unrealized
Fair
Cost
Gains
Losses
Value
Residential government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities
102,557
250
(10,154)
92,653
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
31,753
(2,779)
28,977
Corporate securities
10,000
(780)
9,220
Residential government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations
61,260
523
(964)
60,819
Government-sponsored agency securities
16,351
(1,821)
14,530
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
24,483
(2,541)
21,942
SBA pool securities
6,587
(74)
6,519
252,991
782
(19,113)
105,655
(14,253)
91,407
33,500
(3,798)
29,705
16,000
(920)
15,080
57,908
223
(1,741)
56,390
16,315
(2,479)
13,836
25,750
(3,572)
22,178
7,504
(203)
7,307
262,632
237
(26,966)
The amortized cost, gross unrecognized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of investment securities HTM were as follows ($ in thousands):
Gross Unrecognized
Allowance for
Credit Losses
6,893
(485)
6,410
1,519
(26)
1,493
138
134
(515)
8,037
7,760
(764)
6,998
(75)
1,444
169
(9)
160
(848)
8,602
No AFS investment securities were purchased during the three months ended September 30, 2025. AFS investment securities of $18 million were purchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $16 million and $34 million were purchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. No HTM investments were purchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. No investment securities were sold during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
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The amortized cost and fair value of AFS and HTM investment securities as of September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, were as follows ($ in thousands). Investment securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.
Available-for-Sale
Held-to-Maturity
Fair Value
Due within one year
1,797
1,789
Due in one to five years
12,827
12,413
1,014
994
Due in five to ten years
32,637
28,745
505
499
Due after ten years
10,843
9,780
Investment securities with a carrying amount of approximately $134 million and $141 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, certain other deposits, a line of credit for advances from the FHLB of Atlanta, and repurchase agreements.
Management measures expected credit losses on HTM securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Regarding U.S. Treasury and residential mortgage-backed securities issued by the U.S. government, or agencies thereof, it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost basis of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. Regarding securities issued by states and political subdivisions and other HTM securities, management considers (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities and (iv) internal forecasts. As of September 30, 2025, Primis did not have a material allowance for credit losses on HTM securities.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 148 and 155, respectively, of investment securities AFS that were in an unrealized loss position. The unrealized losses related to investment securities AFS as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, relate to changes in interest rates relative to when the investment securities were purchased, and do not indicate credit-related impairment. Primis performs quantitative analysis and if needed, a qualitative analysis in this determination. As a result of the Company’s analysis, none of the securities were deemed to require an allowance for credit loss. Primis has the ability and intent to retain these securities for a period of time sufficient to recover all unrealized losses.
The following tables present information regarding investment securities AFS and HTM in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by duration of time in a loss position ($ in thousands):
Less than 12 months
12 Months or More
Unrealized
value
75,563
26,224
9,221
17,493
349
(2)
5,710
(72)
6,059
170,683
(19,111)
171,032
Unrecognized
6,343
913
7,390
10,233
(102)
80,700
(14,151)
90,933
2,060
(21)
26,642
(3,777)
28,702
16,488
(339)
14,739
(1,402)
31,227
4,359
(161)
2,426
(42)
6,785
33,140
(623)
175,601
(26,343)
208,741
6,927
572
(8)
872
(67)
7,959
(840)
8,531
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3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The following table summarizes the composition of our loan portfolio as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
Loans secured by real estate:
Commercial real estate - owner occupied (1)
495,739
475,898
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
592,480
610,482
Secured by farmland
3,642
3,711
Construction and land development
102,227
101,243
Residential 1-4 family
564,087
588,859
Multi-family residential
137,804
158,426
Home equity lines of credit
62,458
62,954
Total real estate loans
1,958,437
2,001,573
Commercial loans (2)
915,158
608,595
Paycheck Protection Program loans
1,723
1,927
Consumer loans
319,977
270,063
Total Non-PCD loans
3,195,295
2,882,158
PCD loans
4,939
5,289
Total loans held for investment
3,200,234
2,887,447
Loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or market
As of September 30, 2025, $54 million of commercial loans were included in loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or market, based on the Company’s decision to sell the loans. As of December 31, 2024, $113 million of Consumer Program loans and $51 million of life premium finance loans were included in loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or market, based on the Company’s decision to sell the loans. The life premium finance loans were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the Company determined it would no longer sell the Consumer Program loans and has the intent and ability to hold these loans for the foreseeable future as it intends to run off the portfolio and therefore transferred the loans back to the consumer loans category within loans held for investment at their amortized cost of $102 million as of that date.
Consumer Program Loans
The Company had $101 million and $152 million of amortized cost balance of loans outstanding in the Consumer Program as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, or 3% and 5%, respectively of our total gross loan portfolio as of each date. Loans in the Consumer Program are included within the consumer loans category disclosures in this footnote as of September 30, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, $113 million is included in loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or market, and $39 million in the consumer loans category in loans held for investment. As of September 30, 2025, 7% of the loans were in a promotional period requiring no payment of interest, with 91% of these promotional loan periods ending in the fourth quarter of 2025 through the second quarter of 2026.
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Accrued Interest Receivable
Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $17 million as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. In determining whether or not a borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations for each class of loans, we consider the borrower’s debt service capacity through the analysis of current financial information, if available, and/or current information with regards to our collateral position. Regulatory provisions typically require the placement of a loan on nonaccrual status if (i) principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection or (ii) full payment of principal and interest is not expected. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent that cash payments are received in excess of principal due. A loan may be returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future principal and interest amounts contractually due are reasonably assured, which is typically evidenced by a sustained period (at least six months) of repayment performance by the borrower.
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The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans held for investment as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
30 - 59
60 - 89
90
Days
Loans Not
Past Due
or More
Loans
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
5,426
56
1,494
6,976
488,763
40,129
11,888
52,017
540,463
397
101,830
2,895
943
1,593
5,431
558,656
Multi- family residential
549
137,255
367
618
985
61,473
Commercial loans
17,337
24,784
47,761
867,397
1,714
2,791
1,565
104
4,460
315,517
69,342
20,641
30,307
120,290
3,075,005
3,079,944
52
4,021
4,529
471,369
9,539
4,290
13,829
596,653
656
668
100,575
6,694
1,462
8,474
580,385
168
238
1,504
61,450
24,101
1,279
1,954
27,334
581,261
1,886
6,625
7,013
13,638
256,425
48,525
13,776
9,561
71,862
2,810,296
2,815,585
19
The amortized cost, by class, of loans and leases on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows ($ in thousands):
90 Days
Less Than
Nonaccrual With
Nonaccrual
No Credit
Loss Allowance
482
1,976
651
40,090
364
301
510
3,544
5,137
516
1,134
8,901
33,685
8,669
815
919
28,593
55,159
83,752
17,685
1,221
56,380
84,973
18,906
4,452
641
378
130
2,417
3,879
542
780
720
2,674
846
864
7,848
5,875
13,723
8,084
1,303
7,178
15,026
9,387
There were $2 million of PPP loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
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The following table presents nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2025 by class and year of origination ($ in thousands):
RevolvingLoans
Revolving
Converted
2023
2022
2021
Prior
To Term
87
189
1,700
39,726
112
517
3,641
284
583
503
7,580
208
22,316
383
992
2,094
47
85
443
Total non-PCD nonaccruals
7,739
293
23,363
40,616
7,510
2,881
1,342
Total nonaccrual loans
8,731
Interest received on nonaccrual loans was immaterial for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Modifications Provided to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Bank determines that a borrower may be experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently delinquent on any of its debt, or if the Bank is concerned that the borrower may not be able to perform in accordance with the current terms of the loan agreement in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of the borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty, particularly for commercial borrowers due to the complex nature of the loan structure, business/industry risk and borrower/guarantor structures. Concessions may include the reduction of an interest rate at a rate lower than current market rates for a new loan with similar risk, extension of the maturity date, reduction of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. When evaluating whether a concession has been granted, the Bank also considers whether the borrower has provided additional collateral or guarantors and whether such additions adequately compensate the Bank for the restructured terms, or if the revised terms are consistent with those currently being offered to new loan customers.
The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the time a concession has been granted is inherently subjective in nature, and management’s judgment is required when determining whether the concession results in a modification that is accounted for as a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan under GAAP.
Although each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately, for all portfolio segments, loans modified as a result of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are typically modified through reductions in interest rates, reductions in payments, changing the payment terms from principal and interest to interest only, and/or extensions in term maturity.
The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. Occasionally, the Company modifies
21
certain loans by providing principal forgiveness. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the loan is written off against the allowance. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.
If it is determined that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. At that time, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.
The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost basis of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the related percentage of the class of the loan portfolio period-end balance by the type of modification as of September 30, 2025, excluding Consumer Program loans ($ in thousands):
For the three months ended September 30, 2025
Payment Deferral
%
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025
1,729
0.35
554
0.40
24,023
2.62
26,306
0.82
The following table depicts the amortized cost basis as of September 30, 2025, of the performance of loans that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the last 12 months ($ in thousands):
Payment Status
Current
30-59 days past due
60-89 days past due
90 days or more
1,728
64
54
535
23,480
2,432
Consumer Program Modifications
The Company began offering modifications to Consumer Program borrowers beginning on January 1, 2025, in an attempt to enhance collections of delinquent loans and mitigate charge-offs. The primary type of modifications were principal forgiveness of portions of outstanding principal owed and a combination of term modifications to extend maturity dates and interest rate reductions (primarily on promotional loans).
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The following table provides a summary of the loan modifications to Consumer Program borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, by the type of modification ($ in thousands):
Average
Term
Rate Change
# of
Adjustment
of Modified
Modified
(Years)
Term and Interest Rate
115
2,359
1.4
(7.48)
532
7,767
2.2
(11.30)
Term only
140
2.8
N/A
Principal Forgiveness
100
411
246
1,947
The following table provides a status at September 30, 2025 of the amortized cost of Consumer Program loans modified since January 1, 2025 by the type of modification ($ in thousands):
Term and
Rate
Principal
Status
Modifications
6,020
89
1,084
1-30 days past due
526
129
31-60 days past due
292
61-90 days past due
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Credit Quality Indicators
Through its system of internal controls, Primis evaluates and segments loan portfolio credit quality using regulatory definitions for Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful. Special Mention loans are considered “criticized”, while loans classified as Substandard or Doubtful are considered “classified”.
Special Mention loans are loans that have a potential weakness that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position.
Substandard loans may be inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful loans have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable or improbable. Primis had one loan classified as Doubtful as of September 30, 2025 and none as of December 31, 2024.
In monitoring credit quality trends in the context of assessing the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses on loans, we monitor portfolio credit quality by the weighted-average risk grade of each class of loan.
23
The following table presents weighted-average risk grades for all loans, by class and year of origination/renewal as of September 30, 2025 ($ in thousands):
Pass
45,461
52,675
63,695
77,572
58,661
181,405
8,077
488,465
Special Mention
Substandard
3,829
4,105
Doubtful
77,659
58,850
188,403
Current period gross charge offs
Weighted average risk grade
3.39
3.21
3.52
3.41
3.42
3.46
3.97
3.74
3.43
Commercial real estate - nonowner occupied
6,928
21,512
47,002
55,100
41,803
306,879
10,846
3,345
493,415
98,800
265
99,065
140,603
307,144
3.73
3.64
5.22
3.69
3.72
2.98
4.02
575
29
2,160
506
71
3,341
2,461
4.00
4.24
3.96
2.97
4.13
29,993
18,536
7,229
34,701
3,577
7,220
461
101,717
7,730
3.11
3.03
3.90
3.65
3.53
3.37
31,120
29,621
27,165
146,331
125,803
190,371
5,467
2,729
558,607
270
3,710
584
5,210
29,736
146,848
194,351
5,751
3,313
67
3.07
3.14
3.09
3.04
3.20
3.19
3.94
3.13
6,958
21,503
23,296
83,110
1,672
136,982
273
822
83,659
3.00
3.17
3.23
6.00
3.38
225
424
375
331
59,086
61,273
(1)
557
1,186
328
59,643
743
3.18
5.62
3.10
87,317
411,775
69,430
147,394
26,520
21,457
88,374
6,550
858,817
4,987
792
2,278
1
13,510
906
22,474
31
211
22,318
1,167
2,096
26,318
7,549
92,304
419,355
69,641
170,504
29,181
22,625
103,980
7,568
28
732
760
3.35
3.12
3.91
3.36
3.89
3.30
24
853
870
2.00
8,477
109,039
14,856
155,200
17,904
2,920
9,990
558
318,944
48
490
979
8,485
109,087
14,943
155,719
18,234
2,946
573
2,423
11,400
15,513
362
29,767
3.08
2.72
3.15
4.01
2.52
4.05
3.24
1,778
1,813
1,348
4.81
222,235
651,155
230,542
662,409
400,706
815,456
193,768
23,963
11,467
15,541
30,767
3.34
3.29
3.49
3.80
25
The following table presents weighted-average risk grades for all loans, by class and year of origination/renewal as of December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
2020
41,807
58,979
79,927
65,362
14,830
193,528
1,623
9,280
465,336
3,960
6,392
6,602
65,572
203,880
3.51
3.76
3.44
21,857
37,292
56,104
117,439
45,057
295,756
2,486
3,216
579,207
2,904
28,371
145,810
298,660
3.55
3.84
3.68
2.91
68
76
2,408
400
107
3,333
2,786
4.26
3.06
4.14
28,796
22,554
36,762
3,957
8,224
821
101,113
8,354
3.01
32,866
33,350
161,816
134,244
37,927
174,569
6,054
2,985
583,811
605
159
263
2,680
262
537
4,443
33,025
33,613
162,358
177,854
6,316
3,522
3.85
1,356
451
21,692
23,703
17,147
69,360
4,863
564
139,136
18,438
279
852
42,141
69,933
843
3.88
4.66
428
348
458
44
3,017
56,813
61,459
32
812
1,464
3,027
57,657
781
5.53
152,489
85,049
179,070
32,374
4,125
22,008
97,721
6,781
579,617
1,276
1,127
21,967
1,108
2,782
26,574
152,520
85,053
202,313
32,757
4,294
23,117
101,630
6,911
196
347
926
3.40
3.83
3.75
26
884
1,754
1,043
2.66
2.36
51,194
17,987
166,307
21,621
3,044
7,718
637
269,045
40
447
398
914
51,196
18,031
166,813
22,019
3,087
662
19,199
9,777
19,790
1,293
33
50,092
4.27
2.88
2.46
3.22
1,890
1,960
1,439
331,038
256,469
726,317
448,005
120,795
795,987
183,514
25,322
10,160
356
51,035
3.59
3.50
3.31
Revolving loans that were converted to term loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were as follows ($ in thousands):
198
212
157
1,052
Total loans
1,421
The recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure were immaterial at September 30, 2025. There were no foreclosed residential real estate property held or in the process of foreclosure as of December 31, 2024.
Allowance For Credit Losses – Loans
The allowance for credit losses on loans is a contra-asset valuation account, calculated in accordance with ASC 326 that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected. The amount of the allowance represents management's best estimate of current expected credit losses on loans considering available information, from internal and external sources, relevant to assessing collectability over the loans' contractual terms, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The accounting policy related to the allowance for credit losses is considered a critical policy given the level of estimation, judgment, and uncertainty in the levels of the allowance required to account for the expected losses in the loan portfolio and the material effect such estimation, judgment, and uncertainty can have on the consolidated financial results.
In calculating the allowance for credit losses, most loans are segmented into pools based upon similar characteristics and risk profiles. For allowance modeling purposes, our loan pools include but are not limited to (i) commercial real estate - owner occupied, (ii) commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, (iii) construction and land development, (iv) commercial, (v) agricultural loans, (vi) residential 1-4 family and (vii) consumer loans. We periodically reassess each pool to ensure the loans within the pool continue to share similar characteristics and risk profiles and to determine whether further segmentation is necessary. For each loan pool, we measure expected credit losses over the life of each loan utilizing
27
a combination of inputs: (i) probability of default, (ii) probability of attrition, (iii) loss given default and (iv) exposure at default. Internal data is supplemented by, but not replaced by, peer data when required, primarily to determine the probability of default input. The various pool-specific inputs may be adjusted for current macroeconomic assumptions. Significant macroeconomic variables utilized in our allowance models include, among other things, (i) National Gross Domestic Product, (ii) Virginia House Price Index, and (iii) Virginia unemployment rates.
Management applies qualitative adjustments to model results for risk factors that are not considered within our quantitative modeling processes but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within our loan pools. Qualitative factor (“Q-Factor”) adjustments are driven by key risk indicators that management tracks on a pool-by-pool basis.
In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within our loan pools. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the collective evaluation.
The following tables present details of the allowance for credit losses on loans segregated by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, calculated in accordance with ASC 326 ($ in thousands).
Commercial
Home
Real Estate
Construction
Equity
Owner
Non-owner
Secured by
and Land
1-4 Family
Multi-Family
Lines Of
Consumer
Occupied
Farmland
Development
Residential
Credit
Modeled expected credit losses
4,997
4,158
694
6,151
745
421
4,811
2,743
24,721
Q-factor and other qualitative adjustments
1,022
30
527
652
379
3,686
Specific allocations
334
9,451
5,204
1,156
214
16,359
5,778
14,631
6,678
1,397
438
10,394
4,425
44,766
4,623
4,194
1,045
6,423
971
511
4,062
3,932
25,762
321
698
158
396
649
955
2,074
6,038
15,331
245
24,643
5,899
6,966
1,203
6,819
1,620
533
10,794
19,625
53,724
No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
Activity in the allowance for credit losses by class of loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is summarized below ($ in thousands):
Home Equity
For the Three Months Ended
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance
5,727
13,987
1,057
6,340
1,456
462
11,535
5,175
217
45,985
Provision (recovery)
644
(277)
338
(59)
(25)
(1,140)
420
(3)
Charge offs
(3,700)
(3,701)
Recoveries
2,530
2,531
Ending balance
September 30, 2024
4,892
5,459
890
5,926
2,035
6,124
25,251
607
51,574
475
1,564
(5)
178
(271)
117
5,007
(321)
(580)
(7,840)
(8,420)
417
467
5,398
7,023
1,068
6,502
556
5,679
22,835
286
51,132
For the Nine Months Ended
(121)
7,665
(423)
(223)
(98)
2,611
(31)
(933)
(29,767)
(30,767)
11,956
11,959
4,255
5,822
1,129
4,938
1,590
6,320
26,088
52,209
1,112
1,201
(10)
(61)
1,562
174
14,092
(1,386)
(926)
(19,136)
(20,062)
1,791
1,847
Generally, a commercial loan, or a portion thereof, is charged-off when it is determined, through the analysis of any available current financial information with regards to the borrower, that the borrower is incapable of servicing unsecured debt, there is little or no prospect for near term improvement and no realistic strengthening action of significance is pending or, in the case of secured debt, when it is determined, through analysis of current information with regards to our collateral position, that amounts due from the borrower are in excess of the calculated current fair value of the collateral. Losses on installment loans are recognized in accordance with regulatory guidelines. All other consumer loan losses are recognized when delinquency exceeds 120 cumulative days except for the Consumer Program loans that are charged-off once they become 90 days past due.
The following table presents the principal balance of loans that were evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and the related specific allocations, by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
Loan
Specific
Balance
Allocations
3,742
6,266
99,233
28,764
271
2,967
2,268
628
33,090
25,947
6,119
22,885
Total non-PCD loans
147,257
16,145
87,988
24,398
4,909
152,166
93,277
The following table presents a breakdown between loans at amortized cost that were evaluated on an individual basis and identified as collateral dependent loans and non-collateral dependent loans, by loan portfolio segment and their collateral value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
Non
Collateral
Dependent
Assets (1)
3,528
4,229
30,033
70,573
30,130
1,159
1,277
3,728
3,038
826
857
635
32,956
26,424
73,244
66,590
Collateral value
84,910
75,375
4. DERIVATIVES
Consumer Program Derivative
The Company has a derivative instrument in connection with its agreement with a third-party that originates loans that are held on the Company’s balance sheet. The third-party provides credit support and reimbursement for lost interest under the agreement, and the Company provides performance fees to the third-party on performing loans. Specifically, a portion of the originated loans are originated with a promotional period where interest accrues on the loans but is not owed to the Company unless and until the loan begins to amortize. If the borrower prepays the principal on the loan prior to the end of the promotional period, the accrued interest is waived but becomes due to the Company from the third-party under the agreement. This expected payment of waived interest to the Company along with performance fees due to the third-party comprise the value of the derivative. The fair value of the derivative instrument was an asset of immaterial value and $5 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The underlying cash flows were immaterial and $5 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company calculates the fair value of this derivative using a discounted cash flow model using inputs that are inherently judgmental and reflect management’s best estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use to calculate the fair value. The most significant inputs and assumptions in determining the value of the derivative are noted below ($ in thousands).
Weighted
Low
High
Remaining cumulative charge-offs
40,757
47,243
n/a
Remaining cumulative promotional prepayments (1)
3,635
7,270
5,453
Average life (years)
0.6
Discount rate
3.99%
14.56%
28,387
41,994
24,322
53,661
34,366
0.5
4.28%
14.39%
Mortgage Banking Derivatives and Financial Instruments
The Company enters into IRLCs to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale, at specified interest rates and within a specified period of time (generally between 30 and 90 days), with borrowers who have applied for a loan and have met certain credit and underwriting criteria. The IRLCs are adjusted for estimated costs to originate the loan as well as the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the IRLC (the pull through rate). Estimated costs to originate include loan officer commissions and overrides. The pull through rate is estimated on changes in market conditions, loan stage, and actual borrower behavior using a historical analysis of IRLC closing rates. The Company obtains an analysis from a third party on a monthly basis to support the reasonableness of the pull through estimate.
Best efforts and mandatory forward loan sale commitments are commitments to sell individual mortgage loans using both best efforts and mandatory delivery at a fixed price to an investor at a future date. Forward loan sale commitments that are mandatory delivery are accounted for as derivatives and carried at fair value, determined as the amount that would be necessary to settle the derivative financial instrument at the balance sheet date. Forward loan sale commitments that are best efforts are not derivatives but can be and have been accounted for at fair value, determined in a similar manner to those that are mandatory delivery. Forward loan sale commitments are recorded on the balance sheet as derivative assets
and derivative liabilities with changes in their fair values recorded in mortgage banking income in the statement of operations.
The key unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of IRLCs are as follows as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Average pull through rates
85.8
89.2
Average costs to originate
1.3
The following summarizes derivative and non-derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
Notional
Derivative financial instruments:
Derivative assets (1)
1,908
78,892
Derivative liabilities
Non-derivative financial instruments:
Best efforts assets
14,067
1,000
34,593
6,352
The notional amounts of mortgage loans held for sale not committed to investors was $74 million and $55 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The Company has exposure to credit loss in the event of contractual non-performance by its trading counterparties in derivative instruments that the Company uses in its rate risk management activities. The Company manages this credit risk by selecting only counterparties that the Company believes to be financially strong, spreading the risk among multiple counterparties, by placing contractual limits on the amount of unsecured credit extended to any single counterparty and by entering into netting agreements with counterparties, as appropriate.
5. FAIR VALUE
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date
Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Observable
Unobservable
Total at
Identical Assets
Inputs
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities
Consumer Program derivative
Mortgage banking financial assets
Mortgage banking derivative assets
Investment in Panacea Financial Holdings, Inc. common stock (1)
542,915
533,544
9,371
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps, net
137
573,962
568,369
5,593
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:
Collateral dependent loans
50,662
113,170
34
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amount, estimated fair values and fair value hierarchy levels of financial instruments were as follows ($ in thousands) for the periods indicated:
Carrying
Hierarchy Level
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Level 1
Securities available-for-sale
Level 2
Securities held-to-maturity
Preferred investment in mortgage company
3,005
Level 2 and 3
3,056,805
2,564,623
Level 1 and 2
Level 3
752
Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits and NOW accounts
1,321,437
1,256,632
Money market and savings accounts
1,696,050
1,574,225
318,439
339,767
8,941
9,016
87,027
85,987
The carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, loans held for sale, mortgage banking financial assets and liabilities, mortgage banking derivative assets and liabilities, Consumer Program derivative, interest rate swaps, demand deposits and NOW accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, FHLB advances, secured borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
The fair value of junior subordinated debt and senior subordinated notes are based on current rates for similar financing. The carrying amount of Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock is a reasonable estimate of fair value as these securities are not readily marketable and are based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. The fair value of off-balance-sheet items is not considered material. The fair value of net loans, time deposits, junior subordinated debt, and senior subordinated notes are measured using the exit-price notion. The net loans that use level 2 inputs are related to the portfolio of loans underlying our interest rate swaps as previously discussed in “Note 1 – Accounting Policies”.
35
6. LEASES
The Company leases certain premises under operating leases. In recognizing lease right-of-use assets and related liabilities, we account for lease and non-lease components (such as taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance costs) separately as such amounts are generally readily determinable under our lease contracts. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had operating lease liabilities totaling $11 million and $12 million, respectively, and right-of-use assets totaling $9 million and $10 million, respectively, reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to these leases. We do not currently have any financing leases. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our net operating lease costs were $1 million, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our net operating lease costs were $2 million for both periods. These net operating lease costs are reflected in occupancy expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of income.
The following table presents other information related to our operating leases:
Other information:
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases, in years
5.6
6.6
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases
4.1
4.0
The following table summarizes the maturity of remaining lease liabilities:
As of
Lease payments due:
623
2026
2,471
2027
2,414
2028
2,164
2029
1,617
Thereafter
2,714
Total lease payments
12,003
Less: imputed interest
(1,321)
Lease liabilities
As of September 30, 2025, the Company did not have any operating lease that has not yet commenced that will create additional lease liabilities and right-of-use assets.
7. DEBT AND OTHER BORROWINGS
Other borrowings can consist of FHLB convertible advances, FHLB overnight advances, FHLB advances maturing within one year, federal funds purchased, Federal Reserve Board Discount Window, secured borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repo”) that mature within one year, which are secured transactions with customers. The balance in repo accounts as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $4 million.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had pledged callable agency securities, residential government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations with a carrying value of $7 million to customers who require collateral for overnight repurchase agreements and deposits.
As of September 30, 2025, Primis Bank had lendable collateral value in the form of residential 1-4 family mortgages, HELOCs, commercial mortgage loans, and investment securities supporting borrowing capacity of approximately $537 million from the FHLB.
In June 2023, the Bank took the necessary steps to participate in the Federal Reserve discount window borrowing program. As of September 30, 2025, the Bank had borrowing capacity of $595 million within the program and has not borrowed under the program.
In 2017, the Company assumed $10 million of trust preferred securities that were issued on September 17, 2003 and placed through a trust in a pooled underwriting totaling approximately $650 million. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $10 million outstanding, net of approximately $394 thousand and $431 thousand of debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the interest rate payable on the trust preferred securities was 7.23% and 7.56%, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, all of the trust preferred securities qualified as Tier 1 capital.
On January 20, 2017, Primis completed the sale of $27 million of its fixed-to-floating rate senior Subordinated Notes due 2027. Interest is currently payable at an annual floating rate equal to three-month CME Term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26% until maturity or early redemption. As of September 30, 2025, 20% of these Subordinated Notes qualified as Tier 2 capital.
On August 25, 2020, Primis completed the sale of $60 million of its fixed-to-floating rate Subordinated Notes due 2030. Interest was payable at an initial annual fixed rate of 5.40% and after September 1, 2025, at a floating rate equal to Three-Month Term SOFR, plus a spread of 531 basis points. As of September 30, 2025, all of these notes qualified as Tier 2 capital.
As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs related to the senior Subordinated Notes totaled $1 million.
Secured Borrowings
The Company transferred $1 million and $23 million in principal balance of loans to another financial institution in 2024 and 2023, respectively, that were accounted for as secured borrowings. The balance of secured borrowings was $15 million and $17 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, and the remaining amortized cost balance of the underlying loans was $15 million and $17 million, respectively. None of the loans underlying the secured borrowings were past due 30 days or greater or on nonaccrual as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and were all internally rated as “pass” loans as presented in our “credit quality indicators” section of “Note 3 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses”. The loans were included in our allowance for credit losses process and an allowance was calculated on the loans as part of their inclusion in a pool with other loans with similar credit risk characteristics. There were no charge-offs of the loans underlying the secured borrowings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. The underlying loans collateralize the borrowings and cannot be sold or pledged by the Company.
37
8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The 2017 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2017 Plan”) has a maximum number of 750,000 shares reserved for issuance. The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to promote the success of the Company by providing greater incentives to employees, non-employee directors, consultants and advisors to associate their personal financial interests with the long-term financial success of the Company, including its subsidiaries, and with growth in stockholder value, consistent with the Company’s risk management practices.
A summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, follows:
Aggregate
Remaining
Intrinsic
Exercise
Contractual
Price
Term (Yrs)
(in thousands)
Options outstanding, beginning of period
35,800
11.73
1.0
Expired
(16,800)
11.43
Exercised
(1,200)
11.99
Options outstanding, end of period
17,800
12.00
0.7
Exercisable at end of period
There was no stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. As of September 30, 2025, we do not have any unrecognized compensation expense associated with the stock options.
A summary of time vested restricted stock awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, follows:
Grant-Date
Per Share
Unvested restricted stock outstanding, beginning of period
20,900
13.18
1.8
Vested
(9,050)
15.15
Unvested restricted stock outstanding, end of period
11,850
11.67
2.0
Stock-based compensation expense for time vested restricted stock awards totaled $12 thousand and $41 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $61 thousand and $312 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense associated with restricted stock awards was $81 thousand, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining contractual term.
A summary of performance-based restricted stock units (the “Units”) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, follows:
Unvested Units outstanding, beginning of period
223,460
11.79
2.1
Forfeited
Unvested Units outstanding, end of period
38
These Units are subject to service and performance conditions and vest based on the achievement of both conditions. Achievement of the performance condition will be determined at the end of the five-year performance period (the “Performance Period”) by evaluating the: (1) Company’s adjusted earnings per share compound annual growth measured for the Performance Period and (2) performance factor achieved. Payouts between performance levels will be determined based on straight line interpolation.
The Company recognized no stock-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 as a result of the probability of a portion of the Units vesting because it is not probable that these Units will vest. The potential unrecognized compensation expense associated with these Units was $4 million as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
39
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
Primis is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and guarantees of credit card accounts. These instruments involve elements of credit and funding risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by Primis to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling $20 million and $10 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and letters of credit is based on the contractual amount of these instruments. Primis uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Unless noted otherwise, we do not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
Allowance For Credit Losses - Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures
The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is a liability account, calculated in accordance with ASC 326, representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which Primis is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. No allowance is recorded if the Company has the unconditional right to cancel the obligation. Off-balance sheet credit exposures primarily consist of amounts available under outstanding lines of credit and letters of credit detailed above. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that funding will occur, and the amount expected to be funded over the estimated remaining life of the commitment or other off-balance sheet exposure. The likelihood and expected amount of funding are based on historical utilization rates. The amount of the allowance represents management's best estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over the contractual life of the commitment. Estimating credit losses on amounts expected to be funded uses the same methodology as described for loans in Note 3 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, as if such commitments were funded. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is reflected in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures ($ in thousands):
Balance as of January 1
1,121
1,579
Credit loss expense (benefit)
(452)
Balance as of September 30
1,133
Commitments
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer if there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments are made predominately for adjustable-rate loans, and generally have fixed expiration dates of up to three months or other termination clauses and usually require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis.
The Company had $167 million of mortgage loan commitments outstanding as of September 30, 2025. These commitments have a contractual expiry from 15 to 30 years.
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had unfunded lines of credit and undisbursed construction loan funds totaling $493 million and $459 million, respectively, not all of which are expected to be drawn. Virtually all of our unfunded lines of credit and undisbursed construction loan funds are variable rate instruments. The amount of certificate
of deposit accounts maturing in less than one year was $276 million as of September 30, 2025. Management anticipates that funding requirements for these commitments will be met in the normal course of business.
Primis also had outstanding commitments under subscription agreements entered into for investments in non-marketable equity securities of $1 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following is a reconciliation of the denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations ($ in thousands, except per share data):
Income
(Numerator)
(Denominator)
Basic EPS
24,632
Effect of dilutive stock options and unvested restricted stock
Diluted EPS
24,644
For the three months ended September 30, 2024
24,696
24,720
24,680
24,693
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
24,684
24,710
The Company had 17,800 anti-dilutive options as of September 30, 2025. The Company did not have any anti-dilutive options as of September 30, 2024.
11. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s reportable operating segments are determined based on its internal organizational structure, which is overseen by the CEO, the Company’s designated Chief Operating Decision Maker. While the CEO consults with key members of his leadership team, the ultimate responsibility for making operational decisions and resource allocations resides with the CEO. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s internal organizational structure and resulting management reporting was concentrated around the Bank and Primis Mortgage, which resulted in the Company determining these to be its two reportable segments.
Primis’ organizational structure and its operational segments are determined by attributes such as products, services, and customer base, which are then aggregated based on similarities around these attributes. The operating results for each segment are regularly reviewed by the CEO using a broad set of financial and operational data. Key financial data utilized by the CEO to assess financial performance and allocate resources includes loan and deposit growth, certain direct expenses, net interest income and mortgage banking income, along with overall net income attributable to Primis’ common shareholders. The CEO also considers actual results compared to budgeted results in these metrics when assessing performance and making determinations related to resource allocations. The following is a description of the Company’s reportable segments.
Primis Bank. This segment specializes in providing financing services to businesses in various industries along with consumer and residential loans to individuals. The segment also provides deposit-related services to businesses, non-profits, municipalities, and individual consumers. The primary source of revenue for this segment is interest income from the origination of loans, while the primary expenses are interest expenses on deposits, provisions for loan losses, personnel costs, and data processing expenses.
Primis Mortgage. This segment specializes in originating mortgages in a majority of the U.S. The primary source of revenue for this segment is noninterest income generated from the origination and sale of mortgage loans, while the primary expense of the segment is personnel costs.
The following table provides financial information for the Company's reportable segments. In addition to the Company’s two reportable segments as described above, the caption “Other” has been included to provide reconciliation of the Company’s consolidated results and includes operational costs that are not a part of the two reportable segments but don’t qualify to be considered a separate reportable segment. “Other” primarily includes the Primis Bank Holding Company and PFH, which are generally cost centers to the consolidated entity, along with elimination adjustments to reconcile the results of the reportable segments to the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP.
As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2025
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)
Primis Mortgage
Primis Bank
Other (1)
Consolidated
Consolidated Company
Interest income
49,636
45
4,895
142,075
146
Interest expense
20,888
1,846
61,393
5,147
28,748
(1,801)
80,682
(5,001)
Provision (benefit) for loan losses
Net interest income after provision (benefit) for loan losses
28,797
70,832
8,927
(40)
23,040
(645)
2,436
646
3,082
6,953
32,986
39,939
2,396
6,308
7,348
10,973
202
19,756
29,790
3,978
221
2,148
544
7,711
731
10,553
11,421
2,960
30,243
34,992
8,300
23,674
339
23,260
67,744
5,767
Income before income taxes
2,712
7,519
(1,494)
4,675
9,396
22,218
624
1,599
(316)
1,070
2,138
4,780
2,088
5,920
(1,178)
3,605
7,258
17,438
21,040
164,680
3,934,341
(144,172)
As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024
1,589
55,471
4,018
155,473
165
27,347
1,742
76,288
5,223
28,124
(1,690)
79,185
(5,058)
Provision for loan losses
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
20,613
62,047
7,018
(215)
19,176
(397)
2,600
2,479
11,578
11,662
2,385
11,181
5,444
8,983
2,337
14,716
27,706
6,165
122
2,430
319
6,811
10,372
675
11,639
2,607
28,057
1,898
32,562
6,436
21,785
3,012
17,642
62,574
8,063
2,171
1,213
(4,576)
5,552
10,654
(13,037)
519
(404)
(419)
1,330
1,666
(1,317)
1,652
(4,157)
4,222
8,988
(11,720)
(2,072)
(6,080)
110,902
3,906,456
6,989
4,024,347
ITEM 2 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) is presented to aid the reader in understanding and evaluating the financial condition and results of operations of Primis. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements, the footnotes thereto, and the other financial data included in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of results that may be achieved for any other period. The emphasis of this discussion will be on the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 for the consolidated income statements. For the consolidated balance sheets, the emphasis of this discussion will be the balances as of September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024. This discussion and analysis contain statements that may be considered “forward-looking statements” as defined in, and subject to the protections of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See the following section for additional information regarding forward-looking statements.
NON-GAAP
In the following discussion and analysis, we provide certain financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures are intended to supplement, not replace, GAAP, which we use to prepare our financial statements, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to non-GAAP financial measures of other companies. We use the non-GAAP financial measures discussed herein in our analysis of our performance. Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional understanding of our ongoing operations, enhance the comparability of our results of operations with prior periods and show the effects of significant gains and charges in the periods presented without the impact of items or events that may obscure trends in our underlying performance. Non-GAAP financial measures may be identified with the symbol (+) and may be labeled as adjusted. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section within this Item 2 for more information about these non-GAAP financial measures, including a reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements and financial discussion and analysis contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are instead based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are inherently subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “forecast,” “should,” “anticipate,” “contemplate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “predict,” “intend,” “continue,” “would,” “could,” “hope,” “might,” “assume,” “objective,” “seek,” “plan,” “strive” or similar words, or the negatives of these words, identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations of future results we express or imply in any forward-looking statements. In addition to the Risk Factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and the other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, factors that could contribute to those differences include, but are not limited to:
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance or results and should not be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date. A forward-looking statement may include a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying the forward-looking statement. We believe we have chosen these assumptions or bases in good faith and that they are reasonable. We caution you, however, that assumptions or bases almost always vary from actual results, and the differences between assumptions or bases and actual results can be material. When considering forward-looking statements, you should refer to the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our periodic and current reports filed with the SEC for specific factors that could cause our actual results to be different from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (or an earlier date to the extent applicable). Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to publicly updated or revise these forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events.
OVERVIEW
Primis Financial Corp. (NASDAQ: FRST) is the bank holding company for Primis Bank, a Virginia state-chartered bank, which commenced operations on April 14, 2005. Primis Bank provides a range of financial services to individuals and small and medium-sized businesses. As of September 30, 2025, Primis Bank had 24 full-service branches in Virginia and Maryland and also provides services to customers through certain online and mobile applications. Twenty-two full-service retail branches are in Virginia and two full-service retail branches are in Maryland. The Company is headquartered in McLean, Virginia and has an administrative office in Glen Allen, Virginia and an operations center in Atlee, Virginia. PMC, a residential mortgage lender headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina, is a consolidated subsidiary of Primis Bank. PFH owns the rights to the Panacea Financial brand and its intellectual property and partners with the Bank to offer a suite of financial products and services for doctors, their practices, and ultimately the broader healthcare industry through the Panacea Financial Division of the Bank. PFH was a consolidated subsidiary of Primis until March 31, 2025, when it was deconsolidated in accordance with applicable accounting guidance.
While Primis Bank offers a wide range of commercial banking services, it focuses on making loans secured primarily by commercial real estate and other types of secured and unsecured commercial loans to small and medium-sized businesses in a number of industries, as well as loans to individuals for a variety of purposes. Primis Bank invests in real estate-related securities, including collateralized mortgage obligations and agency mortgage-backed securities. Primis Bank’s principal sources of funds for loans and investing in securities are deposits and, to a lesser extent, borrowings. Primis Bank offers a broad range of deposit products, including checking, savings, money market accounts and certificates of deposit. Primis Bank actively pursues business relationships by utilizing the business contacts of its senior management, other bank officers and its directors, thereby capitalizing on its knowledge of its local market areas.
49
OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS
Executive Overview
In 2024, we focused on organizing the core bank and lines of business that we believe drive premium operating results. The third quarter of 2025 demonstrated progress in key areas that are expected to continue and build through the rest of the year and into 2026. Our strategy centers on growing earning assets back to previous levels after the sale of our Life Premium Finance division and achieving higher production and profitability in our retail mortgage business. We continued to execute successfully during the first nine months of 2025 on these strategies, which included the following:
Core Community Bank
Mortgage Warehouse
Panacea Financial Division
Changes in the relationship between PFH and Primis during the first quarter of 2025 resulted in a determination to deconsolidate PFH from Primis as of March 31, 2025. The deconsolidation resulted in recognition of a $25 million gain for Primis during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as a result of recording the fair value of our retained interest in common stock of PFH. The deconsolidation resulted in us no longer including PFH’s financial results in our financial results after March 31, 2025. PFH continues to work with the Panacea Division of the Bank to originate loans, some of which the Bank will retain, and others will be sold to investors and other financial institutions.
On June 12, 2025, we signed a non-binding term sheet to sell a portion of our retained ownership in PFH common shares after the deconsolidation and the sale of the shares generated proceeds of $22 million. Following the sale of these shares, we continued to hold approximately 467 thousand shares in PFH as of September 30, 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded a gain of $7 million in the income statement in “Gain on Panacea Financial Holdings investment” within noninterest income related to the sale of PFH common shares and fair value adjustments on our remaining investment.
50
SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
Results of Operations Highlights
We experienced improved financial performance in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. Net income available to common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $7 million, or $0.28 basic and diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $1 million, or $0.05 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024, resulting in an increase year-over-year of $6 million, or 600%. Net income available to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $32 million, or $1.29 basic and diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $7 million, or $0.29 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, resulting in an increase year-over-year of $25 million, or 357%. The key financial drivers of the improvement are noted in the following table with additional discussions following the table ($ in thousands).
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
compared to
Favorable (unfavorable) change
1,009
2,431
7,560
7,288
Noninterest income
2,687
31,893
Noninterest expenses
(1,358)
(8,492)
Provision for income taxes
(2,211)
(6,309)
Noncontrolling interest
(2,038)
5,602
24,773
Balance Sheet Highlights
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Income
Three-Month Comparison Net income available to common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $7 million, or $0.28 basic and diluted earnings per share, compared to $1 million, or $0.05 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The results reflect a decrease in provision for credit losses of $7 million driven by less provision required on the Consumer Program portfolio, the changing mix of the Bank’s loan portfolio to loan categories with lower reserve requirements and the move of approximately $53 million of commercial loans to held for sale. The results also reflect an increase in noninterest income of $3 million primarily due to higher mortgage banking income in the third quarter driven by growth of PMC and higher loan sales and related gains and a $1 million increase in net interest income driven by lower interest expenses on deposits and borrowings. These are partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense of $1 million driven by personnel expenses due to growth in PMC and Mortgage Warehouse, a $2 million increase in our income tax provision and a decrease in noncontrolling interest income of $2 million. Additional details of the changes in net income will be discussed in the remaining sections of this Results of Operations section.
Nine-Month Comparison Net income available to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $32 million, or $1.29 basic and diluted earnings per share, compared to $7 million, or $0.29 basic and diluted earnings per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The results reflect an increase in noninterest income of $32 million, primarily due to a gain on the deconsolidation of PFH in the first quarter of 2025 and gains from the sale of a portion of our remaining investment in PFH common share investment in 2025. A $2 million increase in our net interest income was driven by lower interest expenses in the current year on both deposits and borrowings due to lower average balances and lower interest rates. These increases were partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense of $8 million driven primarily by higher personnel costs due to growth in PMC, Mortgage Warehouse, and the Panacea Division of the Bank and an increase in income tax provisions of $6 million from higher pre-tax earnings. Additional details of the changes in net income will be discussed in the remaining sections of this Results of Operations section.
53
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between interest and dividend income on interest-earning assets such as loans and investments, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities such as deposits and borrowings.
Three-Month Comparison
The following table details average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the amount of interest earned/paid on such assets and liabilities, and the yield/rate for the periods indicated:
Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Margin
Analysis For the Three Months Ended
Income/
Yield/
Expense
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
130,061
6.36
98,110
6.44
Loans, net of deferred fees (1) (2)
3,143,155
46,772
5.90
3,324,157
52,707
6.31
Investment securities
247,008
242,631
1,799
2.95
Other earning assets
101,278
3.98
83,405
4.85
Total earning assets
3,621,502
5.67
3,748,303
6.06
(44,520)
(49,966)
Total non-earning assets
277,156
293,681
3,854,138
3,992,018
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW and other demand accounts
834,839
4,549
2.16
748,202
4,630
756,361
5,229
2.74
859,988
7,432
922,048
8,070
3.47
866,375
8,918
4.10
324,614
2,723
3.33
425,238
4,371
4.09
2,837,862
2,899,803
3.48
Borrowings
117,697
7.29
238,994
6.22
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,955,559
3.05
3,138,797
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits
481,697
421,908
36,720
36,527
3,473,976
3,597,232
Primis common stockholders' equity
380,162
377,314
17,472
394,786
Interest rate spread
2.37
Net interest margin
Net interest income was $29 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $28 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Net interest income increased as a result of interest-bearing liability costs declining more than the declines in interest-earning asset income. Net interest income for the third quarter of 2025 included $1 million of interest reversals on loans that were moved to nonaccrual in the quarter. Our net interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 3.18%, compared to 2.97% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Continued rebuilding of earning asset levels coupled with favorable deposit pricing was responsible for the improvement during the third quarter of 2025. Margin increased by 21 basis points primarily as a result of lower average interest-earning asset balances and slightly higher net interest income when comparing the three months ended September 30, 2025 to the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Our net interest income and margin were positively impacted during the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 by the Consumer Program loans. During the third quarter, we had lower charge-offs related to these loans, most of which had promotional interest features, which resulted in less reversal of interest income. The Company recognizes interest income on the promotional loans when promotional features expire and which generally includes a substantial amount of deferred interest accumulated to that date. If the loan subsequently defaults, that previously recognized interest is reversed against interest income. The Bank recognized substantial interest income on loans exiting their promotional periods beginning in the third quarter of 2024, with a roughly one quarter lag of subsequent reversals primarily due to high first payment defaults on full deferral promotional loans. The interest recognized on promotional loan expirations was insignificant in the third quarter of 2025, which is expected to lead to substantially lower interest income reversals going forward.
55
Nine-Month Comparison
Analysis For the Nine Months Ended
136,273
4.80
80,530
4,017
6.66
3,039,443
133,643
5.88
3,266,111
147,564
6.04
247,243
5,728
242,706
5,319
2.93
95,430
3.99
78,076
4.72
3,518,389
5.59
3,667,423
5.82
(43,840)
(50,929)
289,626
295,815
3,764,175
3,912,309
820,859
13,667
2.23
766,800
13,924
2.43
767,729
15,920
2.77
832,531
20,732
853,474
22,281
844,531
25,876
329,832
8,592
426,557
12,455
2,771,894
2.92
2,870,419
117,454
6.92
172,942
6.58
2,889,348
3,043,361
3.58
465,327
440,172
37,211
35,344
3,391,886
3,518,877
368,295
374,154
3,994
19,278
372,289
393,432
2.51
2.24
2.85
Net interest income was $80 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $78 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net interest income increased as a result of interest-bearing liability costs declining more than the declines in interest-earning asset income. Our net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 3.06%, compared to 2.85% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Margin increased by 21 basis points primarily from higher net interest income on lower average interest-earning assets over those periods. Consumer Program loan income reversals had a significant impact on the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and no impact on the same period in 2024.
57
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses
The provision for (recovery of) credit losses is a current charge to earnings made in order to adjust the allowance for credit losses for current expected losses in the loan portfolio based on an evaluation of the loan portfolio characteristics, current economic conditions, changes in the nature and volume of lending, historical loan experience and other known internal and external factors affecting loan collectability, and assessment of reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions that would impact collectability of the loans. Our allowance for credit losses is calculated by segmenting the loan portfolio by loan type and applying risk factors to each segment. The risk factors are determined by considering historical loss data, peer data, as well as applying management’s judgment.
For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we had a recovery of credit losses of $49 thousand and provision for credit losses of $7 million, respectively. The recovery of credit losses during the three months ended September 30, 2025 was driven by the changing mix of the Bank’s loan portfolio to loan categories with lower reserve requirements and the move of approximately $53 million of commercial loans to held for sale and reversal of the allowance on these loans. Based on performance during the quarter, there was provision expense of $274 thousand associated with the Consumer Program in the third quarter of 2025 compared to $4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we had a provision for credit losses of $10 million and $17 million, respectively. Decline in provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to September 30, 2024 was driven by higher provisions in the 2024 periods primarily related to the Consumer Program loans. Credit losses were concentrated in the promotional portion of that portfolio that were largely originated between the third quarter of 2022 and first quarter of 2023. Due to the majority of these promotional loans ending their promotions in 2024 or the first quarter of 2025, coupled with our loss mitigation efforts in 2025, our provisioning for this portfolio was only $2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $13 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
The decline in provision during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 was also driven by the lower provisioning for Consumer Program loans, the change in portfolio mix, and transfer to held for sale of commercial loans in the three months ended September 30, 2025. Partially offsetting the decline in provision during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $7 million of provisions on an individually evaluated commercial real estate loan that was placed on nonaccrual during the period, due to certain weaknesses in the credit. See additional discussion of this loan in the Asset Quality section of this MD&A.
The Financial Condition section of this MD&A provides information on our loan portfolio, past due loans, nonperforming assets and the allowance for credit losses.
58
Noninterest Income
Change
(110)
Gain on Panacea Financial Holdings investment
2,084
185
(370)
Noninterest income increased 29% to $12 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by $2 million of higher income from mortgage banking activity during the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The 31% increase in mortgage banking income was due to higher gain on sale income driven by an increase of $62 million, or 27%, in loan sales during the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 2024 as well as higher fair value gains in marking the mortgage HFS loan portfolio to fair value. The increase in noninterest income was also a result of $330 thousand of gains from returns on other investments and a $294 thousand gain due to fair value adjustments to the remaining common share investment retained in PFH.
Consumer Program related income was $264 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $79 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2024. While we recognized less income in the third quarter of 2025 from borrowers paying off their promotional loans before the end of the promotional period triggering payment of interest from the third-party, there were less negative fair value adjustments on the related derivative in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same quarter in 2024. Noninterest income from the Consumer Program is expected to be increasingly immaterial going forward as promotional loans have declined to $7 million at the end of the third quarter of 2025 and the derivative value is immaterial at September 30, 2025.
(350)
(656)
3,616
152
(267)
(2,827)
(97)
Noninterest income increased 105% to $62 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $30 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in noninterest income was primarily driven by the $32 million gain on our PFH investment, which comprised the gain on deconsolidation of PFH in the first quarter of 2025 and gain on the sale of a portion of our ownership in PFH and fair value adjustments to the remaining common share investment retained in the second and third quarter of 2025. The increase was also driven partially by $4 million of higher income from mortgage banking activity during 2025 compared to 2024. The increase in mortgage banking income was due to higher gain on sale income driven by $194 million, or 36%, higher loan sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 2024. The increases were partially offset by declines in Consumer Program derivative income and income from bank-owned life insurance held as a result of several one-time death benefit gains in 2024 that did not re-occur in 2025
The decline in Consumer Program related income included higher derivative fair value losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 2024 because the promotional loan population declined at a faster pace during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The fair value losses on the derivative were $443 thousand higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. The remaining decline in the Consumer Program derivative income was a combination of less income earned from the third-party on origination of loans, which ended in January of 2025, and less reimbursement due to us when borrowers paid off their promotional loans before the end of the promotional period. These two items resulted in a combined decline of $2 million in income when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to the same period in 2024. Noninterest income from the Consumer Program is expected to be increasingly immaterial going forward as promotional loans have declined to only $7 million at the end of the third quarter of 2025 and the derivative value is immaterial at September 30, 2025.
60
Noninterest Expense
1,759
327
83
Amortization of core deposit intangible
(318)
(55)
454
(183)
(405)
(867)
Noninterest expenses increased 4% to $32 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $31 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher salaries and benefits expenses, FDIC insurance expense, and occupancy expenses, partially offset by lower miscellaneous lending expenses, professional fees, and amortization of core deposit intangibles. Our core deposit intangible fully amortized in the second quarter of 2025.
Salaries and benefits expenses increased $2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. PMC accounted for the growth in salaries and benefits while the remainder of the bank managed to reflect a small decline in total compensation costs. For the third quarter of 2025, PMC had $7 million in total salaries and benefits, an increase of $2 million or 35% compared to the same period in 2024. All other compensation costs were $11 million in the third quarter of 2025, down slightly from the $12 million reported in the third quarter of 2024.
FDIC insurance expense increased $454 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024 primarily due to an increase in our assessment base as a result of the financial restatements in 2024 along with changes in asset quality in 2025. Occupancy expenses increased $327 thousand in the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, due to one-time expenses incurred in the third quarter of 2025 that did not occur in the third quarter of 2024.
Miscellaneous lending expenses decreased $867 thousand in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024 due to lower servicing fees paid to the third-party servicer of our Consumer Program loan portfolio which has reduced in size by 48% since January 1, 2024, less repurchase reserve provisions on PMC sold loans, and less provisions on unfunded Bank issued loan commitments during the current year quarter compared to the prior year quarter.
Professional fees decreased $405 thousand in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. The primary driver of the decline was due to expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2024 related to the restatement of financial statements in 2024 that did not reoccur in the third quarter of 2025. Professional fees in the third quarter of 2025 included $1 million in legal fees associated with mortgage recruiting that management expects will subside in the coming quarters.
4,937
333
(164)
1,069
1,125
277
(108)
1,056
8,492
Noninterest expenses increased 10% to $96 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $88 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher salaries and benefits expenses, data processing expense, and FDIC insurance expenses in 2025 compared to 2024. These increases were partially offset by less core deposit intangible amortization that fully amortized by June 30, 2025.
The higher salaries and benefits expense of $5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was driven primarily due to additions of several lending teams at PMC, one of which is the top mortgage originator in the Nashville, TN market and the other is the fourth ranked VA lender in the country. These teams drove the salaries and benefits expense in 2025 due to salary draws while they rebuilt their portfolios. These teams are expected to generate production in 2025 that will exceed these initial salary draws, which should help to generate income that offsets the salary expenses in later periods. Increase in salaries and benefits was also from the growth in salaries and benefit expenses in the Panacea and Mortgage Warehouse lines of business, each increasing $1 million when comparing the year-to-date periods in 2025 to 2024.
FDIC insurance expense increased $1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 primarily due to an increase in our assessment base as a result of the financial restatements in 2024 and the changes in asset quality in 2025.
Data processing expense increased $1 million comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to 2024, which was due to higher processing volume and was also a result of our continued use of two core operating systems. We have negotiated a new contract with our core data provider with contract terms that began to provide significant reductions in data processing expense in August of 2025.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
The following illustrates key balance sheet categories as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
(1,243)
(898)
65,505
(110,241)
321,745
289,918
299,428
(9,510)
264,734
165,317
200,448
116,991
83,457
35,896
37,107
(1,211)
247,563
Total equity
17,171
Total liabilities and equity
LOAN PORTFOLIO
Loans Held for Sale
LHFS declined $45 million from December 31, 2024 primarily due to the sale of $51 million of LPF loans, paydowns of Consumer Program LHFS, and the transfer back to net loans of $102 million of Consumer Program loans in 2025 after the decision to retain these for the foreseeable future or until maturity. These declines were partially offset by increased originations of PMC loans held for sale at fair value and the transfer to held for sale, at the lower of cost or market, of commercial loans in the Panacea Division that we intend to sell in the fourth quarter to another financial institution.
Loans Held for Investment
Gross LHFI were $3.2 billion and $2.9 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The increase in loans was driven by the transfer back from LHFS into the consumer loans category in LHFI of Consumer Program loans along with growth of mortgage warehouse loans and Panacea Division commercial loans, both of which were the primary driver of the $307 million increase in commercial loans seen below. The growth was partially offset by loan paydowns during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 of loans secured by real estate. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, a majority of our loans were to customers located in Virginia and Maryland. We are not dependent on any single customer or group of customers whose insolvency would have a material adverse effect on our operations.
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The composition of our loans HFI portfolio consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
Percent
15.5
16.5
18.5
21.1
0.1
3.2
3.5
17.6
20.4
4.3
5.4
61.2
69.2
28.6
Paycheck protection program loans
10.0
9.4
99.9
99.8
0.2
100.0
The following table sets forth the contractual maturity ranges of our LHFI portfolio and the amount of those loans with fixed and floating interest rates in each maturity range as of September 30, 2025 ($ in thousands):
After 1 Year
After 5 Years
Through 5 Years
Through 15 Years
After 15 Years
One Year
Fixed
Floating
or Less
21,517
70,735
31,288
189,916
134,279
1,644
46,360
93,486
159,761
30,623
88,789
86,875
9,283
123,663
1,007
226
591
1,092
68,945
1,357
27,296
4,587
15,786
46,420
13,168
22,262
41,976
63,835
360,640
49,591
31,413
29,001
5,826
21,973
3,255
757
7,026
706
253,587
311,092
138,479
301,222
274,840
74,786
604,431
122,610
85,098
359,098
298,242
47,778
1,031
1,301
-
6,156
189,448
54,744
61,074
6,835
1,715
384,076
585,638
552,321
660,538
329,453
77,532
605,737
2,373
92
975
374
386,449
586,763
552,413
330,428
77,906
Our highest concentration of credit by loan type is in commercial real estate. As of September 30, 2025, 38% of our loan portfolio was comprised of loans secured by commercial real estate, including multi-family residential loans and loans secured by farmland. Commercial real estate loans are generally viewed as having a higher risk of default than residential real estate loans and depend on cash flows from the owner’s business or the property’s tenants to service the debt. The borrower’s cash flows may be affected significantly by general economic conditions, a downturn in the local economy, or in occupancy rates in the market where the property is located, any of which could increase the likelihood of default.
We seek to mitigate risks attributable to our most highly concentrated portfolios and our portfolios that pose unique risks to our balance sheet through our credit underwriting and monitoring processes, including oversight by a centralized credit administration function, approval process, credit policy, and risk management committee, as well as through our seasoned bankers that focus on lending to borrowers with proven track records in markets with which we are familiar.
The following table presents the composition of the industry classification for commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans as a percentage of total loans for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Hotel/ Motel
167,502
28.3
190,077
31.1
Office
136,366
23.0
136,046
22.3
Retail
91,372
15.4
97,748
16.0
Assisted living
56,353
9.5
58,191
Mixed use
44,777
7.6
49,419
8.1
Warehouse/ Industrial
21,236
3.6
21,454
Daycare/Schools/Churches
10,839
8,851
Self-storage
10,881
5,833
Leisure/Recreational
14,870
2.5
4,598
0.8
38,284
6.5
38,265
6.3
Total Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
The following table presents the composition of office portfolio loans for commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans, their loan count and their weighted average loan-to-value percentage as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied - Office Portfolio (1)
Loan count
Weighted Average Loan-to-Value
Commercial medical office
9,375
67.1
7,020
66.9
Commercial office building
109,150
66.0
110,675
66.3
Commercial office/ warehouse
17,841
36.9
18,351
37.8
62.2
62.5
(1) The office portfolio is a subset of our Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans.
The shift to work-from-home and hybrid work environments has caused a decreased utilization of office space. As such, we have additional monitoring for our exposure to office space, within our non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio, including periodic credit risk assessment of expiring office leases for most of the office portfolio. We do not currently finance large, high-rise, or major metropolitan central business district office buildings, and the office portfolio is generally in suburban markets with strong occupancy levels.
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The following table sets forth the contractual maturity ranges of our Consumer Program loan portfolio as of September 30, 2025, which is only originated at fixed rates ($ in thousands):
One Year or Less
After One Year to Five Years
After Five Through Ten Years
After Ten Years
Total Consumer Program Loans (1)
392
33,394
53,177
22,944
109,907
(1) Does not include $9 million of remaining fair market value adjustments related to the original $20 million write-down of the portfolio when transferred to LHFS as of December 31, 2024.
The following table describes the period over which our Consumer Program loans that are currently in a no interest promotional period will exit that promotional period and begin to amortize. All these promotional loans generally amortize over four years from the date they exit the promotional period if not prepaid before the end of the promotional period ($ in thousands):
Amount ending
No Interest
Total Interest
Promotional Period in
Promotional
next 12 months
next 13-24 months
as of 9/30/25
6,984
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, $8 million and $34 million, respectively, of Consumer Program loans either paid off during the no interest promotional period or converted to amortizing at the end of the promotional period.
ASSET QUALITY
Nonperforming Assets
The following table presents a comparison of nonperforming assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):
Nonaccrual loans
Loans past due 90 days and accruing interest
1,713
Total nonperforming assets
86,686
16,739
SBA guaranteed amounts included in nonperforming loans
4,682
5,921
Allowance for credit losses to total loans
1.40
1.86
Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans
52.68
357.53
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans
51.64
320.94
Nonaccrual to total loans
2.67
0.52
Nonperforming assets excluding SBA guaranteed loans to total assets
2.07
Nonperforming assets increased $70 million, or 418%, as of September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, which was driven by an increase in nonaccrual loans. The increase in nonaccrual was primarily due to the addition of one commercial real estate loans with a $40 million amortized cost balance that was past due over 30 days as of September 30, 2025 and one commercial relationship comprised of two loans totaling $24 million in amortized cost that was past due over 90 days as of September 30, 2025. Despite the commercial real estate loan only being 30-59 days past due, the credit has exhibited certain weaknesses that warranted placing it on nonaccrual, including a decline in occupancy of the underlying office building leading to reduced lease income. We have a lien on the underlying collateral which is
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Class A office space in a desirable location in northern Virginia. The borrower is actively seeking new tenants for vacant office space in the building. We assess expected credit losses on this loan individually and have a $7 million individual reserve against the loan, or 18% of its amortized cost balance, as of September 30, 2025. The commercial loans past due over 90 days were utilized by the customer to support a business acquisition into an existing business. The merged companies have taken longer than anticipated to realize the anticipated reduction in operating costs and the stabilization of revenues. The company became profitable at the end of 2024 and has shown steady improvement during 2025 with anticipation of being able to provide full debt service coverage by the end of 2025 or early in 2026. We assess expected credit losses on this loan individually and have a $5 million individual reserve against the loan, or 20% of its amortized cost balance, as of September 30, 2025
We will generally place a loan on nonaccrual status when it becomes 90 days past due, with the exception of most consumer loans, which are charged off at 120 days past due and Consumer Program loans, which are charged off once they reach 90 days past due. Loans will also be placed on nonaccrual status in cases where we are uncertain whether the borrower can satisfy the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Cash payments received while a loan is categorized as nonaccrual will be recorded as a reduction of principal as long as doubt exists as to future collections.
We maintain appraisals on loans secured by real estate, particularly those categorized as nonperforming loans and potential problem loans. In instances where appraisals reflect reduced collateral values, we make an evaluation of the borrower’s overall financial condition to determine the need, if any, for impairment or write-down to their fair values. If foreclosure occurs, we record OREO at the lower of our recorded investment in the loan or fair value less our estimated costs to sell.
Our loan portfolio losses and delinquencies have been primarily limited by our underwriting standards and portfolio management practices. Whether losses and delinquencies in our portfolio will increase significantly depends upon the value of the real estate securing the loans and economic factors, such as the overall economy, rising or elevated interest rates, historically high or persistent inflation, and recessionary concerns.
Allowance for Credit Losses
We are focused on the asset quality of our loan portfolio, both before and after a loan is made. We have established underwriting standards that we believe are effective in maintaining high credit quality in our loan portfolio. We have experienced loan officers who take personal responsibility for the loans they originate, a skilled underwriting team and highly qualified credit officers that review each loan application carefully.
Our allowance for credit losses is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. Management evaluates the allowance at least quarterly. In addition, on a quarterly basis, our Board of Directors reviews our loan portfolio, evaluates credit quality, reviews the loan loss provision and the allowance for credit losses and requests management to make changes as may be required. In evaluating the allowance, management and the Board of Directors consider the growth, composition and industry diversification of the loan portfolio, historical loan loss experience, current delinquency levels and all other known factors affecting loan collectability.
The allowance for credit losses is based on the CECL methodology and represents management’s estimate of an amount appropriate to provide for expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. This estimate is based on historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts applied to various loan types that compose our portfolio, including the effects of known factors such as the economic environment within our market area will have on net losses. The allowance is also subject to regulatory examinations and determination by the regulatory agencies as to the appropriate level of the allowance.
The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses allocated by loan category and the percentage of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated ($ in thousands):
As of September 30,
As of December 31,
Percent of
Allowance
Loans by
for Credit
Category to
Total Loans
The following table presents an analysis of the allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated ($ in thousands):
Balance, beginning of period
Provision charged to operations:
Total provisions
Recoveries credited to allowance:
Total recoveries
48,467
59,552
75,533
71,194
Loans charged off:
580
933
3,700
7,840
19,136
Total loans charged-off
3,701
8,420
20,062
Net charge-offs
1,170
7,953
18,808
18,215
Balance, end of period
Net charge-offs to average loans, net of unearned income
0.04
0.24
0.62
0.56
We believe that the allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2025 is sufficient to absorb future expected credit losses in our loan portfolio based on our assessment of all known factors affecting the collectability of our loan portfolio. Our assessment involves uncertainty and judgment; therefore, the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses cannot be determined with precision and may be subject to change in future periods. In addition, bank regulatory authorities, as part of their periodic examination, may require additional charges to the provision for credit losses in future periods if the results of their reviews warrant additions to the allowance for credit losses.
Our allowance for credit losses was $45 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to $54 million as of December 31, 2024. The $8 million decrease was driven by $19 million in net charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily a result of Consumer Program loans, and less provision for credit losses. Our provision for credit losses decreased $8 million and $7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024, respectively, primarily related to improved performance in the Consumer Program portfolio driven by the significant decline in promotional loans that drove prior credit losses, a changing mix of the Bank’s loan portfolio to loan categories with lower reserve requirements, and the $53 million of commercial loans moved to LHFS as of September 30, 2025 due to our intent to sell the loans. Partially offsetting these declines was specific provisions for expected credit losses of $7 million on the individually evaluated commercial real estate loan that was 30-59 days past due and proactively placed on nonaccrual during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Net charge-offs were primarily related to the Consumer Program portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we charged-off $1 million and $17 million, respectively, net of recoveries, in the Consumer Program portfolio. Comparatively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we charged-off $8 million and $18 million, respectively, net of recoveries. A majority of these charge-offs related to loans originated from the third quarter of 2022 through the first quarter of 2023 where we experienced significant credit weaknesses. When excluding the Consumer Program net charge-offs, we had net charge-offs of $300 thousand and $2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and net charge-offs of $4 million and $6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Provision for the Consumer Program portfolio has subsided significantly since 2024 and was $274 thousand in the third quarter of 2025 and $2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, because the earlier vintage promotional loans that have resulted in a majority of our previous credit losses have mostly converted to amortizing in 2024 or early 2025. We believe that any remaining loans in these older vintages, along with newer vintage promotional loans that end their promotional period over the next two quarters have been considered in our reserving methodology based on our loss experience from 2024 to the first quarter of 2025 with the earlier vintage promotional loans. Specifically, our methodology was updated to consider promotional loan maturity and amount of first payment defaults with eventual charge-off, which was a key driver to charge-offs of these loans in 2024 and the first quarter of 2025. We have also implemented loss mitigation efforts that include working with promotional loan borrowers both prior to the end of the promotional period and once a borrower defaults in order to maximize collectability. A combination of these factors, along with the remaining balance of promotional loans of only $7 million, resulted in our lower provisioning for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and lower ending allowance balance at September 30, 2025.
As of September 30, 2025, the principal balance outstanding of Consumer Program loans was $110 million, excluding a $9 million discount as a result of our prior decision to market a majority of the portfolio for sale, which has since been moved back to LHFI and will be run-off over time. These loans are accounted for like our other consumer loans and are not placed on nonaccrual because they are charged off when they become 90 days past due. The allowance on this portfolio plus the discount resulted in a reduction of the outstanding principal balance of $11 million, or 10%. As of September 30, 2025, 93% of the outstanding principal balance was current, resulting in 135% coverage by the aggregate allowance and discount of the non-current principal balances.
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INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Our investment securities portfolio provides us with required liquidity and collateral to pledge to secure public deposits, certain other deposits, advances from the FHLB of Atlanta, and repurchase agreements.
AFS and HTM investment securities totaled $243 million as of September 30, 2025, a decrease of 1% from $245 million as of December 31, 2024, primarily due to improvement in unrealized losses on AFS securities and paydowns, maturities, and calls of the AFS and HTM investments over the past nine months, partially offset by purchases of AFS securities during that time. We recognized no credit impairment charges related to credit losses on our HTM investment securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
The following table sets forth a summary of the investment securities portfolio as of the dates indicated. AFS investment securities are reported at fair value, and HTM investment securities are reported at amortized cost ($ in thousands).
Available-for-sale investment securities:
Held-to-maturity investment securities:
Debt investment securities that we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as HTM and are carried at amortized cost. Investment securities classified as AFS are those debt securities that may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, liquidity needs or other similar factors. Investment securities AFS are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses net of deferred taxes, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Our portfolio of AFS securities currently contains a material amount of unrealized mark-to-market adjustments due to increases in market interest rates since the original purchase of many of these securities. We intend to hold these securities until maturity or recovery of the value and do not anticipate realizing any losses on the investments.
For additional information regarding investment securities refer to “Note 2 - Investment Securities” in this Form 10-Q.
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DEPOSITS AND OTHER BORROWINGS
Deposits
The market for deposits is competitive. We offer a line of traditional deposit products that currently include noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing checking (or NOW accounts), commercial checking, money market accounts, savings accounts and certificates of deposit. We compete for deposits through our banking branches with competitive pricing, as well as nationally through advertising and online banking. We use deposits as a principal source of funding for our lending, purchasing of investment securities and for other business purposes. We seek to fund increased loan volumes by growing core deposits, but, subject to internal policy limits on the amount of funding we may maintain, we may use funding sources to fund shortfalls, if any, or to provide additional liquidity. We use purchased brokered deposits as part of our overall liquidity management strategy on an as needed basis, and we purchase such brokered deposits through nationally recognized networks.
The variety of deposit accounts we offer allows us to be competitive in obtaining funds and in responding to the threat of disintermediation (the flow of funds away from depository institutions such as banking institutions into direct investment vehicles such as government and corporate securities). Our ability to attract and maintain deposits, and the effect of such retention on our cost of funds, has been, and will continue to be, significantly affected by the general economy and market rates of interest.
Total deposits increased by $165 million to $3.3 billion as of September 30, 2025 from $3.2 billion at December 31, 2024. The mix of deposits changed during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, including an increase in lower-cost demand, NOW deposit balances and savings balances of $247 million, offset by a decline in money market and time deposit account balances of $82 million. The driver of the increase since year end has been due to growth of noninterest bearing and lower cost interest bearing deposit accounts generated by the Panacea and Mortgage Warehouse lines of business that have focused on this deposit growth to cost-effectively fund their loan growth. We have no wholesale deposit funding at September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Our deposits are diversified in type and by underlying customers and lack significant concentrations to any type of customer (i.e. commercial, consumer, government) or industry. Deposits are net of excess amounts we sweep off balance sheet to manage liquidity. Deposits swept off our balance sheet were zero as of September 30, 2025, compared to $137 million as of December 31, 2024. The decline since year end was driven by the growth in our loan portfolio, which required us to retain more deposits on our balance sheet.
Uninsured deposits are defined as the portion of deposit accounts in U.S. offices that exceed the FDIC insurance limit and amounts in any other uninsured investment or deposit accounts that are classified as deposits and are not subject to any federal or state deposit insurance regimes. Total uninsured deposits as calculated per regulatory guidance were $831 million, or 25% of total deposits at the Bank, as of September 30, 2025.
The following table sets forth the average balance and average rate paid on each of the deposit categories for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 ($ in thousands):
3,237,221
3,310,591
Other Borrowings
We use other borrowed funds to support our liquidity needs and to temporarily satisfy our funding needs from increased loan demand and for other shorter-term purposes. We are a member of the FHLB and are authorized to obtain advances from the FHLB from time to time, as needed. The FHLB has a credit program for members with different maturities and interest rates, which may be fixed or variable. We are required to collateralize our borrowings from the FHLB with purchases of FHLB stock and other collateral acceptable to the FHLB. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $85 million and no FHLB borrowings, respectively. The FHLB borrowings at September 30, 2025 are short-term borrowings that were obtained in September 2025 primarily to fund increased loan growth experienced at the end of the quarter. As of September 30, 2025, we had $262 million of unused and available FHLB lines of credit as well as $595 million of available credit with the FRB, secured by excess collateral pledged to the FHLB and FRB in the form of loans and investment securities.
Other borrowings can consist of federal funds purchased, secured borrowings due to failed loan sales, and repo transactions that mature within one year, which are secured transactions with customers. The balance in repo accounts at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $4 million.
We had secured borrowings of $15 million and $17 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to loan transfers to other financial institutions during 2023 and 2024 that did not meet the criteria to be treated as a sale under applicable accounting guidance. These borrowings reflect the cash received for transferring the loans to the other financial institution and any unamortized sale premium and are secured by approximately the same amount of loans held for investment that are recorded in our balance sheet. We retained the servicing of the loans that were transferred and accordingly receive principal and interest from the borrower as contractually required and transfer the interest to the other financial institution net of our contractually agreed upon servicing fee. The loans transferred have an average maturity of approximately ten years, which will be the time over which the principal balance of the loans in our balance sheet and secured borrowings will pay down, absent borrower prepayments. For additional information on secured borrowings refer to “Note 7 –Debt and Other Borrowings” in this Form 10-Q.
JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBT AND SENIOR SUBORDINATED NOTES
For information about junior subordinated debt and senior subordinated notes and their anticipated principal repayments refer to “Note 7 –Debt and Other Borrowings.”
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LIQUIDITY AND FUNDS MANAGEMENT
The objective of our liquidity management is to ensure the ability to meet our financial obligations. These obligations include the payment of deposits on demand or at maturity, the repayment of borrowings at maturity and the ability to fund commitments and other new business opportunities. We obtain funding from a variety of sources, including customer deposit accounts, customer certificates of deposit and payments on our loans and investments. If our level of core deposits is not sufficient to fully fund our lending activities, we have access to funding from additional sources, including but not limited to, borrowing from the FHLB and institutional certificates of deposits. In addition, we maintain federal funds lines of credit with two correspondent banks, totaling $75 million, and utilize securities sold under agreements to repurchase and reverse repurchase agreement borrowings from approved securities dealers as needed. For additional information about borrowings and anticipated principal repayments refer to “Note 7 –Debt and Other Borrowings” and “Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies”.
We prepare a cash flow forecast on a 30, 60 and 90 day basis along with a one and two year basis. These projections incorporate expected cash flows on loans, investment securities, and deposits based on data used to prepare our interest rate risk analyses. As of September 30, 2025, we were not aware of any known trends, events or uncertainties that have or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our liquidity. As of September 30, 2025, we had no material commitments or long-term debt for capital expenditures.
Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices
The financial statements and related financial data presented in Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, substantially all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, changes in interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of changes in the general rate of inflation and changes in prices do. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. Many factors impact interest rates, including the decisions of the FRB, inflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, and international disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets. Like most financial institutions, changes in interest rates can impact our net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned from interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, as well as the valuation of our assets and liabilities.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
Capital management consists of providing equity to support both current and future operations. Primis Financial Corp. and its subsidiary, Primis Bank, are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory - and possibly additional discretionary - actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (“PCA”), we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under regulatory framework for PCA. Federal banking agencies do not provide a similar well capitalized threshold for bank holding companies.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require us to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to average assets (as defined in the regulations). Management believes, as of September 30, 2025, that we meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.
The following table provides a comparison of the leverage and risk-weighted capital ratios of Primis Financial Corp. and Primis Bank at the periods indicated to the minimum and well-capitalized required regulatory standards:
Minimum
Required for
To Be
Actual Ratio at
Adequacy
Categorized as
Purposes
Well Capitalized (1)
Primis Financial Corp.
Leverage ratio
8.32
7.76
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio
4.50
8.62
8.74
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
8.91
9.05
Total risk-based capital ratio
8.00
12.02
12.53
5.00
9.34
9.10
7.00
6.50
10.14
10.78
8.50
10.50
10.00
11.39
12.04
Bank regulatory agencies have approved regulatory capital guidelines (“Basel III”) aimed at strengthening existing capital requirements for banking organizations. The Basel III Capital Rules require Primis Financial Corp. and Primis Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer”, (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer, (iii) a minimum ratio of Total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements may result in certain actions by regulators which could have a direct material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Primis Financial Corp. and Primis Bank remain well-capitalized under Basel III capital requirements. Primis Bank had a capital conservation buffer of 3.39% and 4.04% as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which exceeded the 2.50% minimum requirement below which the regulators may impose limits on distributions.
Primis Bank’s capital position is consistent with being well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for PCA.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The following tables provide additional details and reconciliation of our non-GAAP metrics used in this Quarterly Report and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP metric ($ in thousands except per share data).
Primis stockholders' equity (GAAP)
Less: Goodwill and Intangible assets
93,502
94,124
Tangible Primis stockholders' equity (Non-GAAP)
288,651
257,632
Shares outstanding at end of period
Book Value per share (GAAP)
15.51
14.23
Effect of goodwill and other intangible assets
3.81
Tangible Book Value per share (Non-GAAP)
11.71
10.42
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The critical accounting policies are discussed in the MD&A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Significant accounting policies and changes in accounting principles and effects of new accounting pronouncements are discussed in “Note 1 - Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Disclosures regarding changes in our significant accounting policies since year end and the effects of new accounting pronouncements are included in “Note 1 - Accounting Policies” in this Form 10-Q. There have been no changes to the significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Notwithstanding, we are providing an update to the Goodwill discussion from our Form 10-K to describe the results of our annual impairment testing performed during the quarter.
As discussed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, we are required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually and that test is performed as of September 30 of each year. Our goodwill is allocated to our two reporting units, Primis Bank and Primis Mortgage, and as of September 30, 2025, $91 million of goodwill is allocated to the Primis Bank reporting unit and $3 million is allocated to the Primis Mortgage reporting unit. As of September 30, 2025, we elected to forgo a qualitative assessment allowed under U.S. GAAP and performed a quantitative assessment to test goodwill for impairment. As part of our impairment assessment, the fair value of each reporting unit was estimated using a combination of a market and income approach. The income approach is a valuation technique under which we estimate future cash flows using the financial forecast from the perspective of an unrelated market participant and a terminal value was then applied to the projected cash flow stream. Future estimated cash flows were discounted to their present value to calculate the estimated fair value. The market valuation approach evaluated transactions of comparable banks and considered market pricing ratios of public bank peers. As of September 30, 2025, the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value of the Primis Mortgage reporting unit and no goodwill impairment was required.
As of September 30, 2025, the estimated fair value of the Primis Bank reporting unit was 118% of the carrying value of the reporting unit, and no goodwill impairment was required. Fair value determinations utilized in the quantitative goodwill impairment test for the Primis Bank reporting unit required considerable judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates, and market factors. Estimating the fair value of the reporting unit requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding future plans, as well as industry, economic, and regulatory conditions. These assumptions and estimates at September 30 included estimated future annual interest income and interest expense, lending and deposit interest rates, Fed borrowing rates, discount rates, growth rates of the Bank and its loan and deposit portfolio, credit losses on the loan portfolio, and other market factors. We also make assumptions in certain testing methodologies
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about the composition of our peers and market acquisition transactions related to banks that we believe are similar to us. If current expectations of future growth rates, interest rates, provision for credit losses, and margins are not met, if market factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, Fed borrowing rates, or inflation, change, or if management’s expectations or plans otherwise change, including updates to long-term operating plans, then the fair value of the reporting unit may decline below its carrying value and result in goodwill impairment in the future.
ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are engaged primarily in the business of investing funds obtained from deposits and borrowings into interest-earning loans and investments. Consequently, our earnings significantly depend on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income on loans and other investments and the interest expense on deposits and borrowings. To the extent that our interest-bearing liabilities do not reprice or mature at the same time as our interest-earning assets, we are subject to interest rate risk and corresponding fluctuations in net interest income. Our ALCO meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing our interest rate sensitivity position and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. The policies established by the ALCO are reviewed and approved by our Board of Directors. We have employed asset/liability management policies that seek to manage our net interest income, without having to incur unacceptable levels of credit or investment risk.
We use simulation modeling to manage our interest rate risk and review quarterly interest sensitivity. This approach uses a model which generates estimates of the change in our EVE over a range of interest rate scenarios. EVE is the present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts using assumptions including estimated loan prepayment rates, reinvestment rates and deposit decay rates.
The following tables are based on an analysis of our interest rate risk as measured by the estimated change in EVE resulting from instantaneous and sustained parallel shifts in the yield curve (plus 400 basis points or minus 400 basis points, measured in 100 basis point increments) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. All changes are within our Asset/Liability Risk Management Policy guidelines ($ amounts in thousands).
Sensitivity of EVE
As of September 30, 2025
EVE as a % of
Change in Interest Rates
$ Change
% Change
in Basis Points (Rate Shock)
From Base
Book Value
Up 400
507,304
(107,824)
(17.53)
12.83
132.75
Up 300
538,440
(76,688)
(12.47)
13.61
140.90
Up 200
566,326
(48,802)
(7.93)
14.32
148.19
Up 100
603,250
(11,878)
(1.93)
15.25
157.86
Base
615,128
15.55
160.96
Down 100
613,414
(1,714)
(0.28)
160.52
Down 200
588,849
(26,279)
(4.27)
14.89
154.09
Down 300
548,569
(66,559)
(10.82)
13.87
143.55
Down 400
478,676
(136,452)
(22.18)
12.10
125.26
As of December 31, 2024
438,490
(68,444)
(13.50)
11.88
120.14
451,722
(55,212)
(10.89)
12.24
123.77
464,410
(42,524)
(8.39)
12.59
127.24
493,213
(13,721)
(2.71)
13.37
135.13
506,934
13.74
138.89
509,055
2,121
0.42
13.80
139.47
493,913
(13,021)
(2.57)
13.38
135.33
469,048
(37,886)
(7.47)
12.71
128.51
435,781
(71,153)
(14.04)
11.81
119.40
Our interest rate sensitivity is also monitored by management through the use of a model that generates estimates of the change in the NII over a range of interest rate scenarios. NII depends upon the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rates earned or paid on them. In this regard, our model historically assumes that the composition of our interest sensitive assets and liabilities remains constant over the period being measured
and also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration to maturity or repricing of specific assets and liabilities.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we implemented enhancements to our interest rate risk modeling framework, which impacted the NII sensitivity modeling results as of September 30, 2025 seen below. The enhancements include the adoption of non-linear beta and decay assumptions, which reflect industry best practices for modeling deposit behaviors and rate sensitivities. As a result of these changes, the Bank’s overall interest rate risk profile shifted toward a more neutral position. Additionally, the Bank has also steadily increased its portfolio of floating-rate mortgage warehouse loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which when combined with the modeling enhancements increased our asset sensitivity compared to year end as seen in each of the shock scenarios as of September 30, 2025. The results below are within our ALM Policy guidelines as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands).
Sensitivity of NII
Adjusted NII
138,739
7,803
136,922
5,986
134,989
4,053
134,102
3,166
130,936
128,384
(2,552)
124,583
(6,353)
121,092
(9,844)
118,440
(12,496)
95,367
(15,874)
98,941
(12,300)
102,472
(8,769)
107,370
(3,871)
111,241
114,126
2,885
114,960
3,719
115,205
3,964
115,736
4,495
Sensitivity of EVE and NII are modeled using different assumptions and approaches. Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes in EVE and NII sensitivity requires the making of certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, although the EVE tables and NII tables provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to, and do not, provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net worth and NII.
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ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures are our controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d -15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that these controls and procedures are not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This conclusion was reached as a result of the continued remediation of previously identified material weaknesses in its internal controls over financial reporting as further described in Item 9A in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Notwithstanding the material weaknesses that have not been fully remediated, the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements, included in this Form 10-Q, as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, fairly present, in all material respects, the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash-flows for the periods presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial statements.
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company continued to remediate the material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting as previously identified and disclosed in Item 9A in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management continues to put controls in place to remediate the previously identified material weaknesses and the material weaknesses will not be remediated until the necessary controls are in place and operating effectively for a sufficient amount of time.
ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Primis and Primis Bank are from time to time a party, as both plaintiff and defendant, to various claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, including administrative and/or legal proceedings that may include employment-related claims, as well as claims of lender liability, breach of contract, and other similar lending-related claims. While the ultimate resolution of these matters cannot be determined at this time, the Bank’s management presently believes that such matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s financial condition or results of operations. There are no proceedings pending, or to management’s knowledge, threatened, that represent a significant risk against Primis or Primis Bank as of September 30, 2025.
ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, in evaluating an investment in the Company’s securities, investors should consider carefully, among other things, the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Form 10-K, which could materially affect the Company's business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or future results. Please be aware that these risks may change over time and other risks may prove to be important in the future. New risks may emerge at any time, and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or the trading price of our securities.
There are no material changes during the period covered by this Report to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K.
ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth information regarding purchases of our common stock related to our share repurchase program made by us or on our behalf during the three months ended September 30, 2025:
Approximate
Total Number of
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Purchased as
Yet be
Number of
Part of Publicly
Purchased
Price Paid
Announced Plan
Under the Plan
Period
or Program
or Program (1)
July 1-31, 2025
8,287,314
Aug 1-31, 2025
8,479,870
Sep 1-30, 2025
7,783,706
ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION
Pursuant to Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
ITEM 6 - EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits.
Exhibit No.
Description
3.1
Articles of Incorporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Primis Financial Corp.’s (formerly Southern National’s) Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-136285) filed August 4, 2006)
Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated January 31, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Primis Financial Corp.’s (formerly Southern National’s) Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-136285) filed on August 4, 2006)
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated April 13, 2006 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Primis Financial Corp.’s (formerly Southern National’s) Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-136285) filed on August 4, 2006)
3.4
Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated March 31, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Primis Financial Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2021)
Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated July 2, 2025 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Primis Financial Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2025)
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Primis Financial Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2025)
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
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The following materials from Primis Financial Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language), filed herewith: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited), and (v) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded in the Inline XBRL document).
* Filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
** Furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant)
November 10, 2025
/s/ Dennis J. Zember, Jr.
(Date)
Dennis J. Zember, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Matthew Switzer
Matthew Switzer
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer