T1 Energy - 10-Q quarterly report FY2024 Q3

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BL7

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to _________

Commission File Number: 333-274434

FREYR Battery, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						93-3205861
(State or other jurisdiction of						(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)						Identification Number)

6&8 East Court Square, Suite 300,

Newnan Georgia 30263

(678) 632-3112

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

FREY

The New York Stock Exchange

Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50

FREY WS

The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 8, 2024, 140,490,406 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We make forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) and in documents incorporated herein by reference. All statements, other than statements of present or historical fact included in or incorporated by reference in this Report, regarding FREYR Battery, Inc.’s future financial performance, as well as our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, expected cash spending, planned capital expenditures, prospects, plans, and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “continue”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intends”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “possible”, “potential”, “predict”, “project”, “should”, “will”, “would”, the negative of such terms, and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, assumptions, hopes, beliefs, intentions, and strategies regarding future events and are based on currently available information as to the outcome and timing of future events. We caution you that these forward-looking statements are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, incident to our business.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Report, and current expectations, forecasts, and assumptions, and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements in this Report and in any document incorporated herein by reference should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risks set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 29, 2024 and in our other filings with the SEC. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

FREYR intends to use its website as a channel of distribution to disclose information which may be of interest or material to investors and to communicate with investors and the public. Such disclosures will be included on FREYR’s website in the ‘Investor Relations’ sections. FREYR also intends to use certain social media channels, including, but not limited to, X (formerly Twitter) and LinkedIn, as means of communicating with the public and investors about FREYR, its progress, products and other matters. While not all the information that FREYR posts to its digital platforms may be deemed to be of a material nature, some information may be. As a result, FREYR encourages investors and others interested to review the information that it posts and to monitor such portions of FREYR’s website and social media channels on a regular basis, in addition to following FREYR’s press releases, SEC filings, and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of FREYR’s website and other social media channels shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

FREYR BATTERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	181,851	$	253,339
Restricted cash	2,202		22,403
Prepaid assets	2,838		2,168
Other current assets	12,583		34,044
Total current assets	199,474		311,954

Property and equipment, net	368,342		366,357
Intangible assets, net	2,700		2,813
Long-term investments	21,819		22,303

Right-of-use asset under operating leases	22,640		24,476

Other long-term assets	10		4,282
Total assets	$	614,985	$	732,185

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	10,080	$	18,113
Accrued liabilities and other	21,254		30,790


Share-based compensation liability	19		281
Total current liabilities	31,353		49,184

Warrant liability	721		2,025
Operating lease liability	16,775		18,816

Other long-term liabilities	27,446		27,444

Total liabilities	76,295		97,469

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 355,000 shares authorized as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 140,490 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024; and 139,705 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023	1,405		1,397

Additional paid-in capital	929,324		925,623

Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(34,035)		(18,826)
Accumulated deficit	(358,004)		(274,999)
Total stockholders' equity	538,690		633,195

Non-controlling interests	—		1,521
Total equity	538,690		634,716

Total liabilities and equity	$	614,985	$	732,185

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

FREYR BATTERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	$	18,515	$	27,772	$	61,386	$	85,405
Research and development	8,616		7,086		30,854		18,295
Restructuring charge	4,507		—		4,644		—
Share of net loss of equity method investee	150		153		484		208
Total operating expenses	31,788		35,011		97,368		103,908
Loss from operations	(31,788)		(35,011)		(97,368)		(103,908)

Other income (expense):
Warrant liability fair value adjustment	1,096		24,399		1,294		23,248


Interest income, net	1,074		1,284		3,627		6,042

Foreign currency transaction (loss) gain	(110)		(3,213)		1,245		20,546
Other income, net	2,172		2,537		7,806		6,103
Total other income	4,232		25,007		13,972		55,939
Loss before income taxes	(27,556)		(10,004)		(83,396)		(47,969)
Income tax expense	—		—		(11)		(341)
Net loss	(27,556)		(10,004)		(83,407)		(48,310)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	81		219		402		517
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(27,475)	$	(9,785)	$	(83,005)	$	(47,793)


Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted	140,490		139,705		140,102		139,705



Net loss per share attributable to stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.59)	$	(0.34)


Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net loss	$	(27,556)	$	(10,004)	$	(83,407)	$	(48,310)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	5,973		6,134		(15,209)		(48,009)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(21,583)	$	(3,870)	$	(98,616)	$	(96,319)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	81		219		402		517
Comprehensive loss attributable to stockholders	$	(21,502)	$	(3,651)	$	(98,214)	$	(95,802)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

FREYR BATTERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Deficit		Non-controlling interests		Total Equity

	Number	Amount
Balance as of January 1, 2023	139,854	$	139,854	$	772,602	$	9,094	$	(1,041)	$	(203,054)	$	2,672	$	720,127
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		1,462		—		—		—		—		1,462
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(12,726)		(177)		(12,903)
Reclassification of warrants from liability classified to equity classified	—	—		5		—		—		—		—		5
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(33,718)		—		—		—		(33,718)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	139,854	$	139,854	$	774,069	$	(24,624)	$	(1,041)	$	(215,780)	$	2,495	$	674,973
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		3,688		—		—		—		—		3,688
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(25,282)		(121)		(25,403)
Reclassification of warrants from liability classified to equity classified	—	—		56		—		—		—		—		56
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(20,425)		—		—		—		(20,425)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	139,854	$	139,854	$	777,813	$	(45,049)	$	(1,041)	$	(241,062)	$	2,374	$	632,889
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		5,421		—		—		—		—		5,421
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(9,785)		(219)		(10,004)

Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		6,134		—		—		—		6,134
Balance as of September 30, 2023	139,854	$	139,854	$	783,234	$	(38,915)	$	(1,041)	$	(250,847)	$	2,155	$	634,440


	Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Deficit		Non-controlling interests		Total Equity

	Number	Amount
Balance as of January 1, 2024	139,705	$	1,397	$	925,623	$	(18,826)	$	—	$	(274,999)	$	1,521	$	634,716
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		3,670		—		—		—		—		3,670
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(28,543)		(147)		(28,690)

Reclassification of warrants from liability classified to equity classified	—	—		10		—		—		—		—		10
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(26,044)		—		—		—		(26,044)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	139,705	$	1,397	$	929,303	$	(44,870)	$	—	$	(303,542)	$	1,374	$	583,662
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		1,486		—		—		—		—		1,486
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(26,987)		(174)		(27,161)
Exercise of warrants	785	8		(8)		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		4,862		—		—		—		4,862
Balance as of June 30, 2024	140,490	$	1,405	$	930,781	$	(40,008)	$	—	$	(330,529)	$	1,200	$	562,849
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		1,554		—		—		—		—		1,554
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(27,475)		(81)		(27,556)

Acquisition of non-controlling interest	—	—		(3,011)		—		—		—		(1,119)		(4,130)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		5,973		—		—		—		5,973
Balance as of September 30, 2024	140,490	$	1,405	$	929,324	$	(34,035)	$	—	$	(358,004)	$	—	$	538,690

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

FREYR BATTERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(83,407)	$	(48,310)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense	6,449		7,859
Depreciation and amortization	7,028		1,922

Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets	1,282		1,005
Warrant liability fair value adjustment	(1,294)		(23,248)


Share of net loss of equity method investee	484		208

Foreign currency transaction net unrealized gain	(1,075)		(19,346)
Other	—		(929)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Prepaid assets and other current assets	13		1,672

Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other	(429)		28,401



Operating lease liability	(1,626)		(3,212)
Net cash used in operating activities	(72,575)		(53,978)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from the return of property and equipment deposits	22,735		—
Proceeds from property related grants	—		3,500
Purchases of property and equipment	(34,683)		(168,811)
Investments in equity method investee	—		(1,655)
Purchases of other long-term assets	—		(1,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(11,948)		(167,966)

Cash flows from financing activities:






Payment for non-controlling interest	(4,130)		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(4,130)		—

Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(3,036)		(13,240)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(91,689)		(235,184)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	275,742		563,045
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	184,053	$	327,861

Supplementary disclosure for non-cash activities:
Accrued purchases of property and equipment	$	6,133	$	11,187


Reconciliation to condensed consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	181,851	$	299,419
Restricted cash	2,202		28,442
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	184,053	$	327,861

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of the Business

FREYR Battery, Inc. a Delaware Corporation (“FREYR,” the “Company”, “we”, or “us”) is a developer of sustainable clean energy capacity and solutions. We aim to accelerate the decarbonization of global energy systems by industrializing technologies across the battery and renewables value chains.

As of September 30, 2024, FREYR was evaluating several project opportunities in the U.S. and Europe to establish a profitable, commercial enterprise and to create shareholder value.

As of September 30, 2024, we have not yet initiated commercial manufacturing or derived revenue from our principal business activities.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements.

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and, in management’s opinion, include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2024. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023. However, these condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual consolidated financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FREYR, its wholly owned subsidiaries, majority-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities (“VIE”) of which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior period balances and amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, estimates related to impairment of long-lived assets, the valuation of warrant liability, and share-based compensation. We base these estimates on historical experiences and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, however, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

We are subject to those risks common to our business and industry and also those risks common to early stage development companies. These risks include those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with U.S. GAAP and this basis assumes that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As of the date of this report, our existing cash resources, which were primarily provided as a result of our business combination with Alussa Energy Acquisition Corporation in 2021 (the "Business Combination") and issuance of equity securities, are sufficient to support our planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. Therefore, our financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we will continue as a going concern.

In accordance with ASC 360-10, the Company records impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that long-lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amounts of those assets. During Q3 2024, events and circumstances indicated that the Company’s long-lived assets related to its Norwegian business might be impaired. However, the Company’s estimate of undiscounted cash flows indicated that such carrying amounts were expected to be recovered.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Nonetheless, it is reasonably possible that the estimate of undiscounted cash flows may change in the near term resulting in the need to write down those assets to fair value.

Restricted Cash

Certain cash balances are restricted as to withdrawal or use. Restricted cash includes funds held in a restricted account for the payment of upfront rental lease deposits and government income tax withholdings, and in 2023, restricted cash included the balance of an account held for the construction of the manufacturing project in Mo i Rana, Norway (“Giga Arctic”).

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies were included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Supplemental accounting policy disclosures are included above.

2. RESTRUCTURING

2024 Restructuring

In September 2024, FREYR implemented a restructuring process (the “2024 Restructuring”), to reduce overhead costs and better align the organization to current opportunities. We accrued severance and other termination benefits of $4.5 million related to the 2024 Restructuring, which was recognized in Restructuring charge in the consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. No cash payments or other adjustments to the accrued restructuring charge balance have been made in 2024.

2023 Restructuring

In November 2023, FREYR announced a restructuring process (the “2023 Restructuring”), which focused on preserving Company liquidity as we advanced our strategies on the Customer Qualification Plant (“CQP”) and at the manufacturing project in the U.S. (“Giga America”), while continuing to fund critical initiatives. We accrued severance and other termination benefits of $6.0 million related to the 2023 Restructuring which was recognized in Restructuring charge in the consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The changes in accrued severance and other termination benefits for the 2023 Restructuring were as follows (in thousands):


	Amount
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	6,016
Severance and other personnel costs	137
Cash payments	(6,026)
Foreign currency exchange effects	(127)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	—

Accrued and unpaid severance and personnel costs are included within accrued liabilities and other on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

3. OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023

Deposits	$	4,146	$	23,893
Other current assets	8,437		10,151

Total	$	12,583	$	34,044

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023

Land	$	44,326	$	44,326
Leasehold improvements	39,803		39,723
Machinery and equipment	33,535		14,058
Office equipment	2,852		2,926
Construction in progress	258,591		269,197
	379,107		370,230
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(10,765)		(3,873)
Total	$	368,342	$	366,357

Depreciation expense was $2.5 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $7.0 million and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of September 30, 2024						As of December 31, 2023
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
License	$	3,000	$	(300)	$	2,700	$	3,000	$	(187)	$	2,813

Amortization expense was $38,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and $113,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Future annual amortization expense is estimated to be $150,000 for the full year 2024 and each of the next four years.

5. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS

The Company’s equity investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment
Equity method investments:
Nidec Energy AS	$	791	$	1,275
Investments without readily determinable fair values:
24M preferred stock	21,028		21,028
Total Long-Term Investments	$	21,819	$	22,303

Equity Method Investments

In March 2023, the Company contributed $1.7 million to obtain a 33% equity interest in Nidec Energy AS (the “Nidec JV”), a joint venture with Nidec Europe BV (“Nidec”). The Nidec JV was formed to develop, manufacture, and sell battery modules and battery packs for industrial and utility-grade ESS applications. The Company determined that the Nidec JV was a VIE, and that the Company was not the primary beneficiary. Additionally, the Company is able to exercise significant influence but not control over the operating and financial policies of the Nidec JV. Therefore, the Company has recorded its investment in the Nidec JV as an equity method investment.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, as its share of net loss of equity method investee in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss related to the Company’s equity method investment in the Nidec JV. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized other income of $0.3 million and $0.5 million related to general and administrative expenses incurred on behalf of the Nidec JV. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unpaid amounts of $1.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, are recorded in other current assets.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Equity Investments Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

On October 8, 2021, we invested in an unsecured convertible note receivable (the “Convertible Note”) from 24M. On March 24, 2023, we converted the Convertible Note to preferred stock of 24M. As the 24M preferred stock does not have a readily determinable fair value and does not provide the Company with control or significant influence, we have elected to account for the 24M preferred stock under the measurement alternative. There have been no adjustments to the fair value of the 24M preferred stock since its conversion.

6. ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER

Accrued liabilities and other consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023

Accrued purchases	$	8,067	$	13,145
Accrued payroll and payroll related expenses	7,961		13,120
Operating lease liabilities	3,348		3,382
Other current liabilities	1,878		1,143
Total	$	21,254	$	30,790

7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to legal and regulatory actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. The assessment as to whether a loss is probable or reasonably possible, and if such loss or a range of losses is estimable, often involves significant judgment, including estimates and assumptions about future events.

To the knowledge of our management, as of September 30, 2024 there is no material litigation, claims, or actions currently pending or threatened against us, any of our officers, or directors in their capacity as such, or against any of our property.

8. WARRANTS

Public and Private Warrants

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had 24.6 million warrants outstanding (the “Warrants”), consisting of 14.7 million public warrants (the “Public Warrants”) and 9.9 million private warrants (the “Private Warrants”) as of September 30, 2024 and 14.6 million Public Warrants and 10.0 million Private Warrants as of December 31, 2023. Each Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments. The Warrants will expire on July 9, 2026, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

We may call the Public Warrants for redemption once they become exercisable, in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant, so long as we provide at least 30 days prior written notice of redemption to each Public Warrant holder, and if, and only if, the reported last sales price of our common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for each of 20 trading days within the 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day before the date on which we send the notice of redemption to the Public Warrant holders. We determined that the Public Warrants are equity classified as they are indexed to our common stock and qualify for classification within stockholders’ equity. As such, the Public Warrants are presented as part of additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that so long as they are held by a certain holder or any of its permitted transferees, the Private Warrants: (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis and (ii) shall not be redeemable by FREYR. We determined that the Private Warrants are not considered indexed to our common stock as the holder of the Private Warrants impacts the settlement amount and therefore, they are liability classified. The Private Warrants are presented as warrant liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

If Private Warrants are sold or transferred to another party that is not the specified holder or any of its permitted transferees, the Private Warrants become Public Warrants and qualify for classification within stockholders’ equity at the fair value on the date of the transfer. See also Note 9 – Fair Value Measurement.

EDGE Warrants

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had 0.7 million and 2.2 million warrants, respectively, held by EDGE Global LLC (“EDGE”) or its co-owners that were outstanding and exercisable. These warrants entitle the holder thereof to purchase one share of our common stock at the exercise price, subject to adjustments. The EDGE warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2024 have an exercise price of $1.22 and expire on September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 1.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.95 were exercised and settled in shares, net of shares withheld to satisfy the exercise price.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by level within the fair value hierarchy, consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total



Warrant Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	721	$	721	$	—	$	—	$	2,025	$	2,025

We measured our warrant liabilities for Private Warrants, at fair value based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which caused them to be classified as Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. These valuations used assumptions and estimates that we believed a market participant would use in making the same valuation. Changes in the fair value of the Private Warrants were recognized as a warrant liability fair value adjustment within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of all other financial assets and liabilities approximated their respective fair values.

Private Warrants

The Private Warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. See Note 8 – Warrants above for further details. Our use of the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model for the Private Warrants required the use of subjective assumptions, including:

•The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the U.S. Treasury Rates commensurate with the contractual terms of the Private Warrants.

•The expected term was determined based on the expiration date of the Private Warrants.

•The expected volatility assumption was based on the implied volatility of the publicly traded Public Warrants.

The fair value of the Private Warrants was determined using this approach, an exercise price of $11.50 and a share price of $0.97 as of September 30, 2024 and $1.87 as of December 31, 2023. An increase in each of the risk-free interest rate, expected term, or expected volatility, in isolation, would increase the fair value measurement, and a decrease in each of these assumptions would decrease the fair value measurement of the Private Warrants.

Rollforward of Level 3 Fair Value

The changes in the Level 3 instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands):


	For the nine months ended September 30, 2024

	Private Warrants
Balance (beginning of period)	$	2,025

Fair value measurement adjustments	(1,294)



Reclassification to Public Warrants	(10)
Balance (end of period)	$	721

10. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Common Stock

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 355.0 million shares of common stock were authorized with a par value of $0.01 per share. As of September 30, 2024, 140.5 million shares of common stock were issued and outstanding and as of December 31, 2023, 139.7 million shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share and to receive dividends when, as, and if, declared by our Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2024, we have not declared any dividends.

Preferred Shares

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 10.0 million preferred shares with a par value of $0.01 per share were authorized and none were outstanding.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Non-Controlling Interest

On September 30, 2024, the Company completed the purchase of 100% of its U.S. joint venture through the acquisition of the remaining 4% non-controlling interest.

Share-Based Compensation

2021 Plan

In June 2021, we adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (amended and restated as of April 22, 2024), (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights, performance units, and performance shares to our employees, directors, and consultants. Generally, our stock options and RSUs vest annually over three years, and our stock options expire five years after the grant date. Options are typically forfeited when the employment relationship ends for employees and they do not typically forfeit for directors. Generally, our RSUs are equity classified awards that are expected to be settled in shares. All exercised options are expected to be settled in shares, net of shares withheld to satisfy the award exercise price. As of September 30, 2024, 34.9 million shares were authorized for issuance to satisfy share-based compensation awards made under the 2021 Plan.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 15.1 million options were granted, 6.9 million options were forfeited, 1.6 million RSUs were granted, 402,000 RSUs were forfeited and 59,000 RSUs vested.

2019 Plan

The 2019 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the “2019 Plan”) was issued on September 11, 2019. All stock options and warrants granted under the 2019 Plan are fully vested and no further awards can be issued. Outstanding awards under the 2019 Plan are required to be cash settled. The awards granted under the 2019 Plan are liability-classified awards, and as such, these awards are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date with changes to the fair value recognized as stock compensation expense in general and administrative expense or research and development expense within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Cumulative stock compensation expense cannot be reduced below the grant date fair value of the original award.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 67,000 awards were exercised and cash settled and 178,000 awards were forfeited.

Jensen Option Awards

In June 2021, our then Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Tom Einar Jensen, entered into a stock option agreement, as an appendix to an employment agreement. In accordance with the stock option agreement, on July 13, 2021 Mr. Jensen was granted 850,000 performance stock options to acquire our shares at an exercise price of $10.00 (the “Jensen Options”), of which the performance criteria for a total of 661,000 of the stock options were met by December 31, 2023 and the remaining stock options were forfeited.

11. GOVERNMENT GRANTS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized grant income of $0.2 million and $0.4 million in other income, net within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized grant income of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million in other income, net within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $0.2 million in short-term deferred income from grants recorded in accrued liabilities and other on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $27.0 million in long-term deferred income from grants recorded in other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

12. INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes is recorded at the end of each interim period based on the Company’s best estimate of its effective income tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. The Company has incurred taxable losses in each year since inception, and maintains a full valuation allowance against its loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. The Company’s effective income tax rate was 0% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 0% and (1)% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Consulting Agreements

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we engaged two members of the Board of Directors under consulting agreements. In June 2024, one of these agreements was effectively terminated. The expenses incurred for these consulting services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The expenses incurred for these consulting services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively. These expenses are recognized as general and administrative expenses in the

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, an unpaid amount of $0.1 million is recorded in accrued liabilities and other related to these agreements.

Metier

In 2020, we entered into a framework agreement with Metier OEC, which provides primarily project management and administrative consulting services. The CEO of Metier, the successor company to Metier OEC, is the brother of our current Chief Development Officer. We recognized $0.4 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as general and administrative expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss related to the agreement with Metier. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, zero and $0.1 million, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 $0.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, met the requirements for capitalization and are recognized as property and equipment within the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The unpaid amounts with Metier of $0.1 million and $0.3 million are recognized in accounts payable as of September 30, 2024 and in accrued liabilities and other as of December 31, 2023, respectively.

14. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to stockholders is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss per share attributable to stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(27,475)	$	(9,785)	$	(83,005)	$	(47,793)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted	140,490		139,705		140,102		139,705


Net loss per share attributable to stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.59)	$	(0.34)

The outstanding securities that could potentially dilute basic net loss per share attributable to stockholders in the future that were not included in the computation, as the impact would be antidilutive, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Public Warrants	14,675	14,625	14,675	14,625
Private Warrants	9,950	10,000	9,950	10,000
EDGE warrants	687	2,176	687	2,176
Employee options(1)	17,257	10,252	17,257	10,252
RSUs	1,267	—	1,267	—
Jensen Options	661	661	661	661
Total	44,497	37,714	44,497	37,714

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company excluded 1.5 million options as it is not yet probable that the performance conditions for these options will be achieved.

15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On November 6, 2024, FREYR announced that the Company had entered into an agreement (“Transaction Agreement”), to acquire all the shares of capital stock of Trina Solar US Holding Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Trina Solar US Holding”) and related subsidiaries. As part of the Transaction Agreement, FREYR will acquire Trina Solar US Holding’s five-gigawatt solar module facility in Wilmer, Texas.

Under the Transaction Agreement, FREYR will acquire Trina Solar US Holding for (i) $100 million cash consideration (subject to an adjustment for any leakage); (ii) 15.4 million shares of common stock; (iii) a $150 million one percent per annum senior unsecured note due in five years; and (iv) an $80 million seven percent unsecured convertible note due in five years, which, subject to approval by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, is convertible in

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

up to two conversions into 30.4 million shares of common stock, in aggregate, with the second conversion being subject to Company stockholder approval.

On the same date, FREYR entered into a preferred stock purchase agreement for the purchase of non-voting preferred stock of FREYR in exchange for $100 million, to be funded across two tranches of $50 million each, upon closing and thereafter upon FREYR’s sole discretion upon proceeding to a final investment decision with respect to a solar cell facility.

Further, on the same date, FREYR and a co-founder and significant shareholder of Trina Solar US Holding, entered into a securities purchase agreement for approximately $14.8 million of shares of FREYR’s common stock for $1.05 per share, representing an aggregate private placement of 10% of FREYR’s common stock outstanding.

The transaction is subject to certain customary conditions precedent, including, among other things, receipt by Trina Solar US Holding of certain third-party consents, completion of the first tranche of $50 million of preferred stock issuance and an internal reorganization to be completed by Trina Solar US Holding and it is expected to close around year-end 2024. We are still evaluating the accounting impact of the pending acquisition on our consolidated financial statements.

Under the terms of the Transaction Agreement, within 6 months of closing, FREYR will use its reasonable efforts to dispose, divest, transfer or otherwise sell the assets and operations that constitute its European business.

In connection with the transaction, the Company terminated its SemiSolidTM technology license with 24M Technologies (“24M”). Pursuant to the termination of the 24M license agreement, FREYR agreed to pay a service fee of $3 million and transfer all of its 24M preferred stock to 24M for $1.00. There are no further cash obligations.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” and the other disclosures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Overview

As of September 30, 2024, FREYR was evaluating several project opportunities in the U.S. and Europe to establish a profitable, commercial enterprise and to create shareholder value.

Transaction agreement with Trina Solar (Schweiz) AG

Upon closing of the transaction, FREYR plans to execute a multi-phase strategic plan to establish a vertically integrated US solar manufacturing footprint. The next phase of the plan will be to construct a five gigawatt solar cell manufacturing facility in the US. Site selection is underway and FREYR is targeting a start of construction in Q2 2025 with anticipated first solar cell production in 2H 2026. The creation of a US owned and operated company that can provide a turnkey solar technology solution is expected to solve a bottleneck for developers, create up to 1,800 direct jobs, satisfy local content requirements for US solar projects, and competitively differentiate FREYR.

Other Recent Developments

•In September 2024, we implemented a restructuring plan to reduce overhead costs and better align the organization with current opportunities. The restructuring plan includes a reduction in force (“RIF”) of 91 employees.

•On November 6, 2024, Daniel Barcelo, FREYR’s current Chairman of the Board, was appointed Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Tom Einar Jensen, FREYR’s co-founder, assumed the role of CEO of FREYR Europe and will

oversee the optimization and monetization of FREYR’s European portfolio. Mr. Jensen is stepping down from FREYR’s Board of Directors to focus on FREYR’s European portfolio.

•Mingxing Lin, has been appointed the Company’s Chief Strategy Officer, and David Gustafson has been appointed Chief Operating Officer, both effective after the closing of the Transaction. Mr. Lin and Mr. Gustafson bring decades of collective experience in multinational company management and the solar industry to FREYR.

•On November 4, 2024, W. Richard Anderson was appointed to FREYR’s Board, effective immediately. Mr. Anderson has been the Chief Executive Officer of Coastline Exploration Limited, and he brings more than 25 years of leadership experience in the global energy industry and more than 15 years as a board member of public and private energy companies to FREYR.

•On November 4, 2024, Peter del Vecchio was appointed as the Company’s Interim Chief Legal Officer effective immediately.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth information on FREYR’s condensed consolidated results of operations (in thousands except percentages):


	Three months ended September 30,				2024 vs 2023 Change					Nine months ended September 30,						2024 vs 2023 Change
	2024		2023		($)		(%)		2024			2023			($)	(%)
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	$	18,515	$	27,772	$	(9,257)	(33	%)		$	61,386		$	85,405		$	(24,019)	(28	%)
Research and development	8,616		7,086		1,530		22	%		30,854			18,295			12,559		69	%
Restructuring charge	4,507		—		4,507		NM			4,644			—			4,644		NM
Share of net loss of equity method investee	150		153		(3)		(2%)			484			208			276		133%
Total operating expenses	31,788		35,011		(3,223)		(9	%)		97,368			103,908			(6,540)		(6	%)
Loss from operations	(31,788)		(35,011)		3,223		(9	%)		(97,368)			(103,908)			6,540		(6	%)
Other income	4,232		25,007		(20,775)		(83	%)		13,972			55,939			(41,967)		(75	%)
Loss before income taxes	(27,556)		(10,004)		(17,552)		175	%		(83,396)			(47,969)			(35,427)		74	%
Income tax expense	—		—		—		NM			(11)			(341)			330		(97	%)
Net loss	(27,556)		(10,004)		(17,552)		175	%		(83,407)			(48,310)			(35,097)		73	%
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	81		219		(138)		(63	%)		402			517			(115)		(22	%)
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(27,475)	$	(9,785)	$	(17,690)	181	%		$	(83,005)		$	(47,793)		$	(35,212)	74	%


NM - Not meaningful

Operating expenses

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel and personnel-related expenses for our marketing and administrative personnel, costs for administrative offices, insurance, and outside professional services including legal, accounting, and other advisory services.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $9.3 million or 33%, to $18.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $27.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. General and administrative expenses decreased by $24.0 million or 28%, to $61.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $85.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. These decreases are primarily due to decreases in personnel costs and professional fees.

Research and development (“R&D”)

R&D expenses consist primarily of personnel and personnel-related expenses for employees engaged in research and development activities, internal and external engineering, depreciation for R&D equipment and facilities, supplies and services, and contributions to research institutions. R&D expenses also include development costs related to our technology license with 24M.

R&D expenses increased by $1.5 million or 22%, to $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. R&D expenses increased by $12.6 million or 69%, to $30.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $18.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This is primarily due to an increase in personnel costs, depreciation and spending on R&D operations at the CQP, which started operations late in the second quarter of 2023.

Restructuring charge

Restructuring charge consists primarily of accrued severance and other termination benefits related to the reduction in force programs that began in September 2024 and November 2023. Restructuring costs were $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, with no corresponding charges incurred in the comparable periods in 2023. See further discussion in Note 2 – Restructuring to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Share of net loss of equity method investee

Share of net loss of equity method investee consists of our proportionate share of the net earnings (losses) and other comprehensive income (loss) from Nidec Energy AS. See further discussion in Note 5 - Long-Term Investments to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other income (expense)

Other income (expense) primarily consists of the fair value adjustments on our warrant liability, convertible note, interest income and expense, net foreign currency transaction gains and losses, and grant income.

Other income decreased by $20.8 million or 83%, to $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $25.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Other income decreased by $42.0 million or 75%, to $14.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $55.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. These decreases are primarily due to a $(0.1) million and $1.2 million net foreign currency transaction (loss) gain for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared to a $3.2 million and $20.5 million gain for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively as well as a $1.1 million and $1.3 million Warrant liability fair value adjustment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively compared to a $24.4 million and $23.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately $184.1 million of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and current liabilities of approximately $31.4 million. To date, our principal sources of liquidity have been proceeds received from our Business Combination, issuance of equity securities, and amounts received from government grants. Historically, these funds have been used for constructing and equipping our battery manufacturing facilities, including the CQP and Giga Arctic, the purchase of land for Giga America, technology licensing, R&D activities, and general corporate purposes.

Our future liquidity requirements depend on many factors, including the timing and extent of the following: capital expenditures for construction of future facilities and purchase of related equipment; spending to support licensing and R&D efforts; spending on other growth initiatives or expansion into new geographies, including through joint ventures; spending to support our future revenue generating activities; and general economic conditions.

Until we can generate sufficient revenue to adequately support our liquidity requirements, we expect to fund short-term cash needs through our existing cash balances. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our contractual obligations and commitments for at least the 12 months following September 30, 2024.

Our long-term operating needs and planned investments in our business and manufacturing footprint, as currently devised, will require significant financing to complete. Such financing may not be available at terms acceptable to us, or at all. The credit market and financial services industry have in the past, and may in the future, experience periods of uncertainty that could impact the availability and cost of equity and debt financing. If we are unable to raise substantial additional capital, our ability to invest in further facilities or other development projects will be significantly delayed or curtailed which would have a material adverse impact on our business prospects and results of operations. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities would have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. The terms of debt securities or other borrowings could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to stockholders may result. Any equity securities issued may also provide for rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.

In November 2024, the Company estimated that a five gigawatt solar cell manufacturing facility in the U.S. would have a total cost of approximately $850 million. The estimated costs of construction remain subject to site selection, technology and product specification decisions, ongoing business, financing, and operational changes, and changes to the overall macroeconomic environment. We will continue to provide updates to reflect material developments, including approvals or commitments for spending that differ materially from our previous estimates.

Our planned capital expenditures are based on management’s current estimates and may be subject to change. There can be no assurance that we will execute our capital expenditure plans as currently estimated, without addition, reduction, or modification. We may also from time to time reduce or increase planned spending on specific capital projects and/or adjust the timing of planned capital expenditures due to factors both within and outside of our control, including the availability of financing. As a result, actual capital expenditures in future years may differ materially from the amounts discussed above.

Cash Flow Summary

The following table summarizes our cash flows (in thousands):


	Nine months ended September 30,				Change (%)
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities	$	(72,575)	$	(53,978)	34	%
Cash flows from investing activities	(11,948)		(167,966)		(93	%)
Cash flows from financing activities	(4,130)		—		NM


NM - Not meaningful

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $72.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $54.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by an increase in cash used for working capital, largely due to the receipt in 2023 of $23.5 million in government grants with no corresponding amount in 2024, partially offset by a decrease in net loss, adjusted for non-cash items.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $168.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by a decrease in purchases of property and equipment due to lower construction activity in the current year period, and proceeds from the return of property and equipment deposits of $22.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 with no corresponding amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 relating to the purchase of the Company’s non-controlling interest in its U.S. joint venture and zero for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are consistent with those described in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Other Company Information

On June 28, 2024, the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates was less than $560 million, and thus we gained qualification as a “smaller reporting company” under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. We are electing to comply with the scaled disclosure relief thereby available to smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a “smaller reporting company” we are not required to disclose information under this Item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (“Disclosure Controls”) within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Our Disclosure Controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

Our Disclosure Controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act, that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. To the knowledge of our management, there are no material litigation, claims, or actions currently pending or threatened against us, any of our officers, or directors in their capacity as such, or against any of our property.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

As a “smaller reporting company” we are not required to disclose information under this Item.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

None of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The documents listed below are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).


Exhibit
Number						Exhibit Description
3.1						Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of FREYR Battery, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 2, 2024).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of FREYR Battery, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 2, 2024).
10.1						Separation Agreement by and among FREYR Battery, Inc. FREYR Battery US Holding, Inc. and Jeremy Bezdek, dated August 8, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 9, 2024).
10.2						Amendment to Consultancy Agreement between FREYR Battery, Inc. and Peter Matrai dated August 9, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 9, 2024).
10.3						Employment Agreement between FREYR Battery Norway AS and Tom Einar Jensen (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 4, 2024).
1 0.4						Separation and Release Agreement between FREYR Battery, Inc., FREYR Battery Norway AS and Are L. Brautaset, dated September 10, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 9, 2024).
1 0.5						Transaction Agreement by and among FREYR Battery, Inc. and Trina Solar (Schweiz) AG, dated as of November 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 .1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.6						Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement by and between FREYR Battery, Inc. and certain funds and accounts managed by Encompass Capital Advisors LLC, dated as of November 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.7						Form of Note Instrument (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.8						Form of Convertible Note Instrument (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.9						Form of Secondary Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.10						Form of Cooperation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.11						Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.12						Securities Purchase Agreement by and among FREYR Battery, Inc., and Trinaway Investment Second Ltd. dated as of November 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.13						Voting Agreement by and between FREYR Battery, Inc. and Encompass Capital Advisors LLC, dated as of November 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.14						Jensen Transition Contract between FREYR Battery Norway AS and Tom Einar Jensen, dated as of November 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
1 0.15						Mutual Termination Agreement, dated as of November 4, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024).
31.1*						Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1‡,*						Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2‡,*						Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*						Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 is formatted in Inline XBRL interactive data files: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023; and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104*						Cover Page Interactive Data File formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101


*			Filed herewith
‡			The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are deemed furnished and not filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	FREYR Battery, Inc.

Date: November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Joseph Evan Calio
	Name:	Joseph Evan Calio
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)


			PAGE
Part I - Financial Information			1
	Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Item 2.	FREYR Battery, Inc.’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	13
	Item 3.	Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk	16
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	16
Part II - Other Information			17
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	17
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	17
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	17
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	17
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	17
	Item 5.	Other Information	17
	Item 6.	Exhibits	17
Signatures			20

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