Ventas - 10-Q quarterly report FY2018 Q3

Ventas - 10-Q quarterly report FY2018 Q3

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



(Mark One)
	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
x	EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED	SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
OR
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission file number: 1-10989

Ventas, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		61-1055020 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

353 N. Clark Street, Suite 3300

Chicago, Illinois

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

60654

(Zip Code)

(877) 483-6827

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer ¨	Non-accelerated filer ¨	Smaller reporting company ¨	Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.



Class of Common Stock:		Outstanding at October 23, 2018:
Common Stock, $0.25 par value		356,467,761

VENTAS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX




		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	3
	Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and the Year Ended December 31, 2017	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	42
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	69
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	71
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	73
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	73
Item 5.	Other Information	73
Item 6.	Exhibits	74

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VENTAS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)



	As of September 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Assets
Real estate investments:
Land and improvements	$	2,115,870		$	2,151,386
Buildings and improvements	22,188,578			22,216,942
Construction in progress	395,072			344,151
Acquired lease intangibles	1,506,269			1,548,074
	26,205,789			26,260,553
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,185,155		)	(5,638,099		)
Net real estate property	20,020,634			20,622,454
Secured loans receivable and investments, net	527,851			1,346,359
Investments in unconsolidated real estate entities	48,478			123,639
Net real estate investments	20,596,963			22,092,452
Cash and cash equivalents	86,107			81,355
Escrow deposits and restricted cash	62,440			106,898
Goodwill	1,045,877			1,034,644
Assets held for sale	24,180			65,413
Other assets	782,386			573,779
Total assets	$	22,597,953		$	23,954,541
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities:
Senior notes payable and other debt	$	10,478,455		$	11,276,062
Accrued interest	76,883			93,958
Accounts payable and other liabilities	1,134,898			1,183,489
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	14,790			60,265
Deferred income taxes	236,616			250,092
Total liabilities	11,941,642			12,863,866
Redeemable OP Unitholder and noncontrolling interests	143,242			158,490
Commitments and contingencies
Equity:
Ventas stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value; 10,000 shares authorized, unissued	—			—
Common stock, $0.25 par value; 600,000 shares authorized, 356,468 and 356,187 shares issued at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	89,100			89,029
Capital in excess of par value	13,081,324			13,053,057
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(7,947		)	(35,120		)
Retained earnings (deficit)	(2,709,293		)	(2,240,698		)
Treasury stock, 6 and 1 shares at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	(345		)	(42		)
Total Ventas stockholders’ equity	10,452,839			10,866,226
Noncontrolling interests	60,230			65,959
Total equity	10,513,069			10,932,185
Total liabilities and equity	$	22,597,953		$	23,954,541

See accompanying notes.

VENTAS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues
Rental income:
Triple-net leased	$	190,117		$	212,370		$	548,628		$	634,955
Office	193,911			189,506			580,471			561,641
	384,028			401,876			1,129,099			1,196,596
Resident fees and services	518,560			461,700			1,552,302			1,386,131
Office building and other services revenue	3,288			3,196			10,905			9,781
Income from loans and investments	18,108			32,985			105,706			85,499
Interest and other income	12,554			171			24,535			854
Total revenues	936,538			899,928			2,822,547			2,678,861
Expenses
Interest	107,581			113,869			331,973			336,245
Depreciation and amortization	218,579			213,407			675,363			655,298
Property-level operating expenses:
Senior living	366,721			315,598			1,080,053			936,296
Office	61,668			60,609			182,662			174,728
	428,389			376,207			1,262,715			1,111,024
Office building services costs	431			418			1,080			1,708
General, administrative and professional fees	39,677			33,317			113,507			100,560
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	39,527			511			50,411			856
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	4,458			804			26,288			8,903
Other	1,244			13,030			7,891			16,066
Total expenses	839,886			751,563			2,469,228			2,230,660
Income before unconsolidated entities, income taxes, discontinued operations, real estate dispositions and noncontrolling interests	96,652			148,365			353,319			448,201
(Loss) income from unconsolidated entities	(716		)	750			(47,826		)	3,794
Income tax benefit	7,327			7,815			11,303			13,119
Income from continuing operations	103,263			156,930			316,796			465,114
Discontinued operations	—			(19		)	(10		)	(95		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	18			458,280			35,893			502,288
Net income	103,281			615,191			352,679			967,307
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309			1,233			5,485			3,391
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	101,972		$	613,958		$	347,194		$	963,916
Earnings per common share
Basic:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.29		$	0.44		$	0.89		$	1.31
Net income attributable to common stockholders	0.29			1.72			0.97			2.71
Diluted:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.29		$	0.44		$	0.88		$	1.30
Net income attributable to common stockholders	0.28			1.71			0.97			2.69
Weighted average shares used in computing earnings per common share:
Basic	356,318			355,929			356,224			355,110
Diluted	359,355			359,333			359,068			358,365
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.79		$	0.775		$	2.37		$	2.325

See accompanying notes.

VENTAS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	103,281		$	615,191		$	352,679		$	967,307
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation	(5,018		)	5,239			(8,061		)	17,607
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable debt securities	5,131			(48		)	17,816			(233		)
Other	2,801			(936		)	17,418			(620		)
Total other comprehensive income	2,914			4,255			27,173			16,754
Comprehensive income	106,195			619,446			379,852			984,061
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309			1,233			5,485			3,391
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	104,886		$	618,213		$	374,367		$	980,670

See accompanying notes.

VENTAS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and the Year Ended December 31, 2017

(Unaudited)



September 30, 2018	Common Stock Par Value		Capital in Excess of Par Value			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Treasury Stock			Total Ventas Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
2018	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	88,514	$	12,917,002		$	(57,534	)	$	(2,487,695	)	$	(47	)	$	10,460,240		$	68,513		$	10,528,753
Net income	—		—			—			1,356,470			—			1,356,470			4,642			1,361,112
Other comprehensive income	—		—			22,414			—			—			22,414			—			22,414
Impact of CCP Spin-Off	—		107			—			—			—			107			—			107
Net change in noncontrolling interests	—		(1,427		)	—			—			—			(1,427		)	(13,292		)	(14,719		)
Dividends to common stockholders—$3.115 per share	—		—			—			(1,109,473		)	—			(1,109,473		)	—			(1,109,473		)
Issuance of common stock	276		72,618			—			—			553			73,447			—			73,447
Issuance of common stock for stock plans	87		21,723			—			—			796			22,606			—			22,606
Change in redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		(850		)	—			—			—			(850		)	6,096			5,246
Adjust redeemable OP Unitholder Interests to current fair value	—		253			—			—			—			253			—			253
Redemption of OP and Class C Units	84		19,845			—			—			3,207			23,136			—			23,136
Grant of restricted stock, net of forfeitures	68		23,786			—			—			(4,551		)	19,303			—			19,303
Balance at December 31, 2017	89,029		13,053,057			(35,120		)	(2,240,698		)	(42		)	10,866,226			65,959			10,932,185
Net income	—		—			—			347,194			—			347,194			5,485			352,679
Other comprehensive income	—		—			27,173			—			—			27,173			—			27,173
Net change in noncontrolling interests	—		(1,426		)	—			—			—			(1,426		)	(11,214		)	(12,640		)
Dividends to common stockholders—$2.37 per share	—		—			—			(846,432		)	—			(846,432		)	—			(846,432		)
Issuance of common stock for stock plans and other	26		6,179			—			—			1,238			7,443			—			7,443
Adjust redeemable OP Unitholder Interests to current fair value	—		8,878			—			—			—			8,878			—			8,878
Redemption of OP Units	—		(830		)	—			—			234			(596		)	—			(596		)
Grant of restricted stock, net of forfeitures	45		15,466			—			—			(1,775		)	13,736			—			13,736
Cumulative effect change in accounting principles	—		—			—			30,643			—			30,643			—			30,643
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	89,100	$	13,081,324		$	(7,947	)	$	(2,709,293	)	$	(345	)	$	10,452,839		$	60,230		$	10,513,069

See accompanying notes.

VENTAS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	352,679		$	967,307
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	675,363			655,298
Amortization of deferred revenue and lease intangibles, net	(26,001		)	(16,283		)
Other non-cash amortization	13,527			11,186
Stock-based compensation	20,761			19,923
Straight-lining of rental income, net	19,983			(17,384		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	50,411			856
Gain on real estate dispositions	(35,893		)	(502,288		)
Gain on real estate loan investments	(13,202		)	(124		)
Income tax benefit	(13,464		)	(15,619		)
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	47,826			(767		)
Gain on re-measurement of equity interest upon acquisition, net	—			(3,027		)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities	2,734			3,909
Other	390			7,439
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in other assets	(34,879		)	(21,612		)
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest	(17,508		)	12,688
Decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities	(25,105		)	(19,277		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,017,622			1,082,225
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net investment in real estate property	(35,800		)	(346,491		)
Investment in loans receivable	(212,089		)	(734,033		)
Proceeds from real estate disposals	331,243			614,753
Proceeds from loans receivable	866,313			84,361
Development project expenditures	(230,348		)	(210,423		)
Capital expenditures	(73,025		)	(83,387		)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities	57,430			5,816
Investment in unconsolidated entities	(45,106		)	(42,399		)
Insurance proceeds for property damage claims	6,327			1,393
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	664,945			(710,410		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in borrowings under revolving credit facilities	41,292			384,738
Proceeds from debt	2,412,420			1,058,437
Repayment of debt	(3,294,104		)	(1,225,525		)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests	(2,429		)	(15,809		)
Payment of deferred financing costs	(16,583		)	(26,426		)
Issuance of common stock, net	—			73,596
Cash distribution to common stockholders	(845,248		)	(827,285		)
Cash distribution to redeemable OP Unitholders	(5,594		)	(5,677		)
Cash issued for redemption of OP and Class C Units	(1,370		)	—
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	500			4,402
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(9,968		)	(9,248		)
Other	(736		)	10,543
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,721,820		)	(578,254		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(39,253		)	(206,439		)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(453		)	670
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	188,253			367,354
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	148,547		$	161,585

See accompanying notes.

VENTAS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Unaudited)



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Supplemental schedule of non-cash activities:
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from acquisitions and other:
Real estate investments	$	29,106	$	206,771
Utilization of funds held for an Internal Revenue Code Section 1031 exchange	—		(84,995		)
Other assets	4,112		(5,546		)
Debt	—		64,629
Other liabilities	16,134		64,090
Deferred income tax liability	—		(16,116		)
Noncontrolling interests	—		3,627
Equity issued for redemption of OP and Class C Units	266		22,694

See accompanying notes.

VENTAS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Ventas, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated or except where the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us” or “our”), an S&P 500 company, is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) with a highly diversified portfolio of seniors housing, life science and innovation and healthcare properties located throughout the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. As of September 30, 2018, we owned approximately 1,200 properties (including properties owned through investments in unconsolidated entities and properties classified as held for sale), consisting of seniors housing communities, medical office buildings (“MOBs”), life science and innovation centers, inpatient rehabilitation facilities (“IRFs”) and long-term acute care facilities (“LTACs”), health systems and skilled nursing facilities (“SNFs”), and we had 16 properties under development, including five properties that are owned by unconsolidated real estate entities. Our company was originally founded in 1983 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.

We primarily invest in seniors housing, life science and innovation and healthcare properties through acquisitions and lease our properties to unaffiliated tenants or operate them through independent third-party managers. As of September 30, 2018, we leased a total of 468 properties (excluding properties within our office operations reportable business segment) to various healthcare operating companies under “triple-net” or “absolute-net” leases that obligate the tenants to pay all property-related expenses, including maintenance, utilities, repairs, taxes, insurance and capital expenditures.

As of September 30, 2018, pursuant to long-term management agreements, we engaged independent operators, such as Atria Senior Living, Inc. (“Atria”) and Sunrise Senior Living, LLC (together with its subsidiaries, “Sunrise”), to manage 360 seniors housing communities for us.

Our three largest tenants, Brookdale Senior Living Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Brookdale Senior Living”), Ardent Health Partners, LLC (together with its subsidiaries, “Ardent”) and Kindred Healthcare, LLC (formerly Kindred Healthcare, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, “Kindred”) leased from us 135 properties (excluding one property managed by Brookdale Senior Living pursuant to a long-term management agreement), 11 properties and 32 properties, respectively, as of September 30, 2018.

Through our Lillibridge Healthcare Services, Inc. subsidiary and our ownership interest in PMB Real Estate Services LLC, we also provide MOB management, leasing, marketing, facility development and advisory services to highly rated hospitals and health systems throughout the United States. In addition, from time to time, we make secured and non-mortgage loans and other investments relating to seniors housing and healthcare operators or properties.

NOTE 2—ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information set forth in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), as published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim period have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2018. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries and the joint venture entities over which we exercise control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation, and our net earnings are reduced by the portion of net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support; (b) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack (i) the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities through voting or similar rights, (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (iii) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; and (c) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportional to their economic interests, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve, or are conducted on behalf of, an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. We consolidate our investment in a VIE when we determine that we are its primary beneficiary. We may change our original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affects the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary.

We identify the primary beneficiary of a VIE as the enterprise that has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity. We perform this analysis on an ongoing basis.

As it relates to investments in joint ventures, GAAP may preclude consolidation by the sole general partner in certain circumstances based on the type of rights held by the limited partner or partners. We assess limited partners’ rights and their impact on our consolidation conclusions, and we reassess if there is a change to the terms or in the exercisability of the rights of the limited partners, the sole general partner increases or decreases its ownership of limited partnership (“LP”) interests or there is an increase or decrease in the number of outstanding LP interests. We also apply this guidance to managing member interests in limited liability companies (“LLCs”).

We consolidate several VIEs that share the following common characteristics:

•the VIE is in the legal form of an LP or LLC;

•the VIE was designed to own and manage its underlying real estate investments;

•we are the general partner or managing member of the VIE;

•we own a majority of the voting interests in the VIE;

•a minority of voting interests in the VIE are owned by external third parties, unrelated to us;

•the minority owners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights in the VIE; and

•we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE.

We have separately identified certain special purpose entities that were established to allow investments in life science projects by tax credit investors (“TCIs”). We have determined that these special purpose entities are VIEs and that we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and therefore we consolidate these special purpose entities. Our primary beneficiary determination is based upon several factors, including but not limited to the rights we have in directing the activities which most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance as well as certain guarantees which protect the TCIs from losses should a tax credit recapture event occur.

In general, the assets of consolidated VIEs are available only for the settlement of the obligations of the respective entities. Unless otherwise required by the LP or LLC agreement, any mortgage loans of the consolidated VIEs are non-recourse to us. The table below summarizes the total assets and liabilities of our consolidated VIEs as reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Total Assets		Total Liabilities		Total Assets		Total Liabilities
	(In thousands)
NHP/PMB L.P.	$	589,436	$	198,163	$	605,150	$	199,958
Other identified VIEs	1,840,520		303,440		1,983,183		348,124
Tax credit VIEs	801,694		304,234		988,598		221,908

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

We report investments in unconsolidated entities over whose operating and financial policies we have the ability to exercise significant influence under the equity method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, our share of the investee’s earnings or losses is included in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

We base the initial carrying value of investments in unconsolidated entities on the fair value of the assets at the time we acquired the joint venture interest. We estimate fair values for our equity method investments based on discounted cash

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

flow models that include all estimated cash inflows and outflows over a specified holding period and, where applicable, any estimated debt premiums or discounts. The capitalization rates, discount rates and credit spreads we use in these models are based upon assumptions that we believe to be within a reasonable range of current market rates for the respective investments.

We generally amortize any difference between our cost basis and the basis reflected at the joint venture level, if any, over the lives of the related assets and liabilities and include that amortization in our share of income or loss from unconsolidated entities. For earnings of equity method investments with pro rata distribution allocations, net income or loss is allocated between the partners in the joint venture based on their respective stated ownership percentages. In other instances, net income or loss is allocated between the partners in the joint venture based on the hypothetical liquidation at book value method (the “HLBV method”). Under the HLBV method, net income or loss is allocated between the partners based on the difference between each partner’s claim on the net assets of the joint venture at the end and beginning of the period, after taking into account contributions and distributions. Each partner’s share of the net assets of the joint venture is calculated as the amount that the partner would receive if the joint venture were to liquidate all of its assets at net book value and distribute the resulting cash to creditors and partners in accordance with their respective priorities. Under the HLBV method, in any given period, we could record more or less income than the joint venture has generated, than actual cash distributions we receive or than the amount we may receive in the event of an actual liquidation.

Redeemable OP Unitholder and Noncontrolling Interests

We own a majority interest in NHP/PMB L.P. (“NHP/PMB”), a limited partnership formed in 2008 to acquire properties from entities affiliated with Pacific Medical Buildings LLC. Given our wholly owned subsidiary is the general partner and the primary beneficiary of NHP/PMB, we consolidate it as a VIE. As of September 30, 2018, third party investors owned 2.7 million Class A limited partnership units in NHP/PMB (“OP Units”), which represented 27% of the total units then outstanding, and we owned 7.2 million Class B limited partnership units in NHP/PMB, representing the remaining 73%. At any time following the first anniversary of the date of their issuance, the OP Units may be redeemed at the election of the holder for cash or, at our option, 0.9051 shares of our common stock per OP Unit, subject to further adjustment in certain circumstances. We are party by assumption to a registration rights agreement with the holders of the OP Units that requires us, subject to the terms and conditions and certain exceptions set forth therein, to file and maintain a registration statement relating to the issuance of shares of our common stock upon redemption of OP Units.

Prior to January 2017, we owned a majority interest in Ventas Realty Capital Healthcare Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. (“Ventas Realty OP”) and we consolidated this entity because our wholly owned subsidiary is the general partner and was the primary beneficiary of this VIE. In January 2017, third party investors redeemed the remaining limited partnership units (“Class C Units”) outstanding. After giving effect to such redemptions, Ventas Realty OP is our wholly owned subsidiary.

As redemption rights are outside of our control, the redeemable OP Units and Class C Units (together, the “OP Unitholder Interests”) are classified outside of permanent equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We reflect the redeemable OP Unitholder Interests at the greater of cost or fair value. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of the redeemable OP Unitholder Interests was $131.0 million and $146.3 million, respectively. We recognize changes in fair value through capital in excess of par value, net of cash distributions paid and purchases by us of any OP Unitholder Interests. Our diluted earnings per share includes the effect of any potential shares outstanding from redemption of the OP Unitholder Interests.

Certain noncontrolling interests of other consolidated joint ventures were also classified as redeemable at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Accordingly, we record the carrying amount of these noncontrolling interests at the greater of their initial carrying amount (increased or decreased for the noncontrolling interests’ share of net income or loss and distributions) or the redemption value. Our joint venture partners have certain redemption rights with respect to their noncontrolling interests in these joint ventures that are outside of our control, and the redeemable noncontrolling interests are classified outside of permanent equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognize changes in the carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interests through capital in excess of par value.

Noncontrolling Interests

Excluding the redeemable noncontrolling interests described above, we present the portion of any equity that we do not own in entities that we control (and thus consolidate) as noncontrolling interests and classify those interests as a component of consolidated equity, separate from total Ventas stockholders’ equity, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For consolidated joint ventures with pro rata distribution allocations, net income or loss is allocated between the joint venture partners based on their respective stated ownership percentages. In other cases, net income or loss is allocated between the joint venture partners based on the HLBV method. We account for purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a change of control as

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

equity transactions, through capital in excess of par value. In addition, we include net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in net income in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

Accounting for Historic and New Markets Tax Credits

For certain of our life science and innovation centers, we are party to contractual arrangements with TCIs that were established to enable the TCIs to receive benefits of historic tax credits (“HTCs”) and/or new markets tax credits (“NMTCs”). As of September 30, 2018, we owned nine properties that had syndicated HTCs or NMTCs, or both, to TCIs.

In general, capital contributions are made by TCIs into special purpose entities that invest in entities that own the subject property and generate the tax credits. The TCIs receive substantially all of the tax credits and hold only a noncontrolling interest in the economic risk and benefits of the special purpose entities.

HTCs are delivered to the TCIs upon substantial completion of the project. NMTCs are allowed for up to 39% of a qualified investment and are delivered to the TCIs after the investment has been funded and spent on a qualified business. HTCs are subject to 20% recapture per year beginning one year after the completion of the historic rehabilitation of the subject property. NMTCs are subject to 100% recapture until the end of the seventh year following the qualifying investment. We have provided the TCIs with certain guarantees which protect the TCIs from losses should a tax credit recapture event occur. The contractual arrangements with the TCIs include a put/call provision whereby we may be obligated or entitled to repurchase the ownership interest of the TCIs in the special purpose entities at the end of the tax credit recapture period. We anticipate that either the TCIs will exercise their put rights or we will exercise our call rights prior to the applicable tax credit recapture periods.

The portion of the TCI’s capital contribution that is attributed to the put is recorded at fair value at inception in accounts payable and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and is accreted to the expected put price as interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income over the recapture period. The remaining balance of the TCI’s capital contribution is initially recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be relieved upon delivery of the tax credit to the TCI, as a reduction in the carrying value of the subject property, net of allocated expenses. Direct and incremental costs incurred in structuring the transaction are deferred and will be recognized as an increase in the cost basis of the subject property upon the recognition of the related tax credit as discussed above.

Impairment of Long-Lived and Intangible Assets

We periodically evaluate our long-lived assets, primarily consisting of investments in real estate, for impairment indicators. If indicators of impairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value of the related real estate investments in relation to the future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying operations. In performing this evaluation, we consider market conditions and our current intentions with respect to holding or disposing of the asset. We adjust the net book value of leased properties and other long-lived assets to fair value if the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows, including sales proceeds, is less than book value. We recognize an impairment loss at the time we make any such determination.

If impairment indicators arise with respect to intangible assets with finite useful lives, we evaluate impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If estimated future undiscounted net cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, then we estimate the fair value of the asset and compare the estimated fair value to the intangible asset’s carrying value. We recognize any shortfall from carrying value as an impairment loss in the current period.

We evaluate our investments in unconsolidated entities for impairment at least annually, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of our investment may exceed its fair value. If we determine that a decline in the fair value of our investment in an unconsolidated entity is other-than-temporary, and if such reduced fair value is below the carrying value, we record an impairment.

We test goodwill for impairment at least annually, and more frequently if indicators arise. We first assess qualitative factors, such as current macroeconomic conditions, state of the equity and capital markets and our overall financial and operating performance, to determine the likelihood that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we proceed with the two-step approach to evaluating impairment. First, we estimate the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the reporting unit’s carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, we proceed with the second step, which requires us to assign the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if it had been acquired in a business combination at the date of the impairment test. The excess fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

to the assets and liabilities is the implied value of goodwill and is used to determine the amount of impairment. We recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied value in the current period.

Estimates of fair value used in our evaluation of goodwill (if necessary based on our qualitative assessment), investments in real estate, investments in unconsolidated entities and intangible assets are based upon discounted future cash flow projections or other acceptable valuation techniques that are based, in turn, upon all available evidence including level three inputs, such as revenue and expense growth rates, estimates of future cash flows, capitalization rates, discount rates, general economic conditions and trends, or other available market data. Our ability to accurately predict future operating results and cash flows and to estimate and determine fair values impacts the timing and recognition of impairments. While we believe our assumptions are reasonable, changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on our financial results.

Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

We sell properties from time to time for various reasons, including favorable market conditions or the exercise of purchase options by tenants. We classify certain long-lived assets as held for sale once the criteria, as defined by GAAP, have been met. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value minus cost to sell and are no longer depreciated.

If at any time we determine that the criteria for classifying assets as held for sale are no longer met we reclassify assets within net real estate investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for all periods presented. The carrying amount of these assets is adjusted (in the period in which a change in classification is determined) to reflect any depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the asset been continuously classified as net real estate investments.

We report discontinued operations when the following criteria are met: (1) a component of an entity or group of components has been disposed of or classified as held for sale and represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results; or (2) an acquired business is classified as held for sale on the acquisition date. The results of operations for assets meeting the definition of discontinued operations are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Income as discontinued operations for all periods presented. We allocate estimated interest expense to discontinued operations based on property values and our weighted average interest rate or the property’s actual mortgage interest.

Gain on Sale of Assets

On January 1, 2018, we adopted the provisions of ASC 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (“ASC 610-20”). In accordance with ASC 610-20, we recognize any gains when we transfer control of a property and when it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the related consideration. We adopted ASC 610-20 using the modified retrospective method and recognized a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings of $31.2 million relating to deferred gains on sales of real estate assets in 2015.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and we determine fair value based on the assumptions that we expect market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within levels one and two of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within level three of the hierarchy).

Level one inputs utilize unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access. Level two inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in level one that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability. Level two inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and other inputs for the asset or liability that are observable at commonly quoted intervals, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and yield curves. Level three inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which typically are based on our own assumptions, because there is little, if any, related market activity. If the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the entire fair value measurement falls is the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. If the volume and level of market activity for an asset or liability has decreased significantly relative to the normal market activity for such asset or liability (or similar assets or liabilities), then transactions or quoted prices may not accurately reflect fair value. In addition, if there is evidence that a transaction for an asset or liability is not orderly, little, if any, weight is placed on that transaction price as an

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

indicator of fair value. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of our financial instruments.


•	Cash and cash equivalents - The carrying amount of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.


•	Escrow deposits and restricted cash - The carrying amount of escrow deposits and restricted cash reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.


•	Loans receivable - We estimate the fair value of loans receivable using level two and level three inputs. We discount future cash flows using current interest rates at which similar loans with the same terms and length to maturity would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings.

•

Marketable debt securities - We estimate the fair value of corporate bonds, if any, using level two inputs. We observe quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access. We estimate the fair value of certain government-sponsored pooled loan investments using level three inputs. We consider credit spreads, underlying asset performance and credit quality, and default rates.


•	Derivative instruments - With the assistance of a third party, we estimate the fair value of derivative instruments, including interest rate caps, interest rate swaps, and foreign currency forward contracts, using level two inputs.


◦	Interest rate caps - We observe forward yield curves and other relevant information;


◦	Interest rate swaps - We observe alternative financing rates derived from market-based financing rates, forward yield curves and discount rates; and


◦	Foreign currency forward contracts - We estimate the future values of the two currency tranches using forward exchange rates that are based on traded forward points and calculate a present value of the net amount using a discount factor based on observable traded interest rates.


•	Senior notes payable and other debt - We estimate the fair value of senior notes payable and other debt using level two inputs. We discount the future cash flows using current interest rates at which we could obtain similar borrowings. For mortgage debt, we may estimate fair value using level three inputs, similar to those used in determining fair value of loans receivable (above).


•	Redeemable OP Unitholder Interests - We estimate the fair value of our redeemable OP Unitholder Interests using level one inputs. We base fair value on the closing price of our common stock, as OP Units (and previously Class C Units) may be redeemed at the election of the holder for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

Revenue Recognition

Adoption of ASC 606

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), which outlines a comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. ASC 606 states that “an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” We account for revenues from management contracts (within office building and other services revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Income) and certain point-of-sale transactions (within resident fees and services in our Consolidated Statements of Income) in accordance with ASC 606. The pattern and timing of recognition of income is consistent with the prior accounting model. All other revenues, primarily rental income from leasing activities, is accounted for in accordance with other applicable GAAP. We adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

Triple-Net Leased Properties and Office Operations

Certain of our triple-net leases and most of our MOB and life science and innovation center (collectively, “office operations”) leases provide for periodic and determinable increases in base rent. We recognize base rental revenues under these leases on a straight-line basis over the applicable lease term when collectability is reasonably assured. Recognizing rental income on a straight-line basis generally results in recognized revenues during the first half of a lease term exceeding the cash amounts contractually due from our tenants, creating a straight-line rent receivable that is included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, this cumulative excess totaled $244.4 million (net of allowances of $44.4 million) and $267.8 million (net of allowances of $117.8 million), respectively (excluding properties classified as held for sale).

Certain of our leases provide for periodic increases in base rent only if certain revenue parameters or other substantive contingencies are met. We recognize the increased rental revenue under these leases as the related parameters or contingencies are met, rather than on a straight-line basis over the applicable lease term.

Senior Living Operations

We recognize resident fees and services, other than move-in fees, monthly as services are provided. We recognize move-in fees on a straight-line basis over the average resident stay.

Other

We recognize interest income from loans and investments, including discounts and premiums, using the effective interest method when collectability is reasonably assured. We apply the effective interest method on a loan-by-loan basis and recognize discounts and premiums as yield adjustments over the related loan term. We recognize interest income on an impaired loan to the extent our estimate of the fair value of the collateral is sufficient to support the balance of the loan, other receivables and all related accrued interest. When the balance of the loan, other receivables and all related accrued interest is equal to or less than our estimate of the fair value of the collateral, we recognize interest income on a cash basis. We provide a reserve against an impaired loan to the extent our total investment in the loan exceeds our estimate of the fair value of the loan collateral.

Allowances

We assess the collectability of our rent receivables, including straight-line rent receivables. We base our assessment of the collectability of rent receivables (other than straight-line rent receivables) on several factors, including, among other things, payment history, the financial strength of the tenant and any guarantors, the value of the underlying collateral, if any, and current economic conditions. If our evaluation of these factors indicates it is probable that we will be unable to recover the full value of the receivable, we provide a reserve against the portion of the receivable that we estimate may not be recovered. We base our assessment of the collectability of straight-line rent receivables on several factors, including, among other things, the financial strength of the tenant and any guarantors, the historical operations and operating trends of the property, the historical payment pattern of the tenant and the type of property. If our evaluation of these factors indicates it is probable that we will be unable to receive the rent payments due in the future, we provide a reserve against the recognized straight-line rent receivable asset for the portion, up to its full value, that we estimate may not be recovered. If we change our assumptions or estimates regarding the collectability of future rent payments required by a lease, we may adjust our reserve to increase or reduce the rental revenue recognized in the period we make such change in our assumptions or estimates.

Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB established ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) by issuing ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which introduces a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet and, among other changes, eliminates the requirement in current GAAP for an entity to use bright-line tests in determining lease classification. ASC 842 has subsequently been amended by other issued ASUs to clarify and improve the standard as well as to provide certain practical expedients.

ASC 842 allows for several practical expedients which permit the following: no reassessment of lease classification or initial direct costs; use of the standard’s effective date as the date of initial application; and no separation of non-lease components from the related lease components and, instead, to account for those components as a single lease component if certain criteria are met. We expect to elect these practical expedients and adopt ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 using the effective date as our date

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

of initial application. Therefore, financial information and disclosures under ASC 842 will not be provided for periods prior to January 1, 2019.

Upon adoption, we will recognize both right of use assets and lease liabilities for leases in which we lease land, real property or other equipment. We will also begin reporting revenues and expenses within our triple-net leased properties reportable business segment for real estate taxes and insurance that are the obligations of the tenants in accordance with their respective leases with us. This reporting will have no impact on our net income. Resident leases within our senior living operations reportable business segment are accounted for as leases but also contain service elements. We expect to elect the practical expedient to account for our resident leases as a single lease component. Also, upon adoption, we will begin expensing certain leasing costs, other than leasing commissions, as they are incurred, which may reduce our net income. Current GAAP provides for the deferral and amortization of such costs over the applicable lease term. We will continue to amortize any unamortized deferred lease costs as of December 31, 2018 over their respective lease terms. We are currently evaluating the initial balance sheet impact and developing processes and internal controls to account for all leases under ASC 842.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which provides clarification regarding how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows and ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016-18”), which requires an entity to show the changes in total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. We adopted these ASUs by applying a retrospective transition method which required a restatement of our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for all periods presented.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (“ASU 2016-16”), which requires a company to recognize the tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. We adopted ASU 2016-16 by applying a modified retrospective method which resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings of $0.6 million.

NOTE 3—CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

As of September 30, 2018, Atria, Sunrise, Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent and Kindred managed or operated approximately 22.4%, 11.2%, 7.7%, 5.2% and 1.1%, respectively, of our consolidated real estate investments based on gross book value (excluding properties classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018). Because Atria and Sunrise manage our properties in exchange for the receipt of a management fee from us, we are not directly exposed to the credit risk of our managers in the same manner or to the same extent as our triple-net tenants.

Based on gross book value, approximately 22.3% and 39.4% of our consolidated real estate investments were seniors housing communities included in the triple-net leased properties and senior living operations reportable business segments, respectively (excluding properties classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018). MOBs, life science and innovation centers, IRFs and LTACs, health systems, SNFs and secured loans receivable and investments collectively comprised the remaining 38.3%. Our consolidated properties were located in 45 states, the District of Columbia, seven Canadian provinces and the United Kingdom as of September 30, 2018, with properties in one state (California) accounting for more than 10% of our total continuing revenues and net operating income (“NOI,” which is defined as total revenues, excluding interest and other income, less property-level operating expenses and office building services costs) for the three months then ended.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

Triple-Net Leased Properties

The following table reflects the concentration risk related to our triple-net leased properties for the periods presented:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Revenues⁽¹⁾:
Brookdale Senior Living	4.8	%	4.9	%
Ardent	3.1		3.1
Kindred⁽²⁾	3.5		4.7
NOI:
Brookdale Senior Living	8.9	%	8.4	%
Ardent	5.8		5.3
Kindred⁽²⁾	6.6		8.1


⁽¹⁾	Total revenues include office building and other services revenue, income from loans and investments and interest and other income.


⁽²⁾	Includes 36 SNFs that were sold during 2017.

Each of our leases with Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent and Kindred is a triple-net lease that obligates the tenant to pay all property-related expenses, including maintenance, utilities, repairs, taxes, insurance and capital expenditures, and to comply with the terms of the mortgage financing documents, if any, affecting the properties. In addition, each of our Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent and Kindred leases has a corporate guaranty.

The properties we lease to Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent and Kindred accounted for a significant portion of our triple-net leased properties segment revenues and NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. If any of Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent or Kindred becomes unable or unwilling to satisfy its obligations to us or to renew its leases with us upon expiration of the terms thereof, our financial condition and results of operations could decline, and our ability to service our indebtedness and to make distributions to our stockholders could be impaired. We cannot assure you that Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent and Kindred will have sufficient assets, income and access to financing to enable them to satisfy their respective obligations to us, and any failure, inability or unwillingness by Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent or Kindred to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity, our ability to service our indebtedness and other obligations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, as required for us to continue to qualify as a REIT (a “Material Adverse Effect”). We also cannot assure you that Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent and Kindred will elect to renew their respective leases with us upon expiration of the leases or that we will be able to reposition any non-renewed properties on a timely basis or on the same or better economic terms, if at all.

In July 2018, Kindred closed transactions (the “Go Private Transactions”) pursuant to which (a) Kindred would be acquired by a consortium of TPG Capital (“TPG”), Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe (“WCAS”) and Humana, Inc. and (b) immediately following the acquisition, (i) Kindred’s home health, hospice and community care businesses would be separated from Kindred and operated as a standalone company owned by Humana, Inc., TPG and WCAS, and (ii) Kindred would be operated as a separate healthcare company owned by TPG and WCAS. In connection with the closing of the transactions, we received a payment from Kindred of $12.3 million, which was recognized in interest and other income in our Consolidated Statements of Income during the third quarter of 2018.

In April 2018, we entered into various agreements with Brookdale Senior Living that provide for, among other things: (a) a consolidation of substantially all of our multiple lease agreements with Brookdale Senior Living into one master lease; (b) extension of the term for substantially all of our Brookdale Senior Living leased properties until December 31, 2025, with Brookdale Senior Living retaining two successive 10 year renewal options; and (c) the guarantee of all the Brookdale Senior Living obligations to us by Brookdale Senior Living Inc., including covenant protections for us. In connection with these agreements, we recognized a net non-cash expense of $21.3 million for the acceleration of straight-line rent receivables, net unamortized market lease intangibles and deferred revenues, which is included in triple-net leased rental income in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We also received a fee of $2.5 million that is being amortized over the new lease term.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

Senior Living Operations

As of September 30, 2018, Atria and Sunrise, collectively, provided comprehensive property management and accounting services with respect to 265 of our 360 seniors housing communities, for which we pay annual management fees pursuant to long-term management agreements.

We rely on our managers’ personnel, expertise, technical resources and information systems, proprietary information, good faith and judgment to manage our senior living operations efficiently and effectively. We also rely on our managers to set appropriate resident fees and otherwise operate our seniors housing communities in compliance with the terms of our management agreements and all applicable laws and regulations. Although we have various rights as the property owner under our management agreements, including various rights to terminate and exercise remedies under the agreements as provided therein, Atria’s or Sunrise’s failure, inability or unwillingness to satisfy its respective obligations under those agreements, to efficiently and effectively manage our properties or to provide timely and accurate accounting information with respect thereto could have a Material Adverse Effect on us. In addition, significant changes in Atria’s or Sunrise’s senior management or equity ownership or any adverse developments in their businesses or financial condition could have a Material Adverse Effect on us.

Our 34% ownership interest in Atria entitles us to certain rights and minority protections, as well as the right to appoint two of six members on the Atria Board of Directors.

In January 2018, we transitioned the management of 76 private pay seniors housing communities to Eclipse Senior Living (“ESL”). These assets, substantially all of which were previously leased by Elmcroft Senior Living (“Elmcroft”) under triple-net leases, are now operated by ESL under a management contract with us and are included in the senior living operations reportable business segment. Upon termination of our lease with Elmcroft, we derecognized our accumulated straight-line receivable balance and offsetting reserve of $75.2 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $20.9 million of transaction costs relating to this transaction, net of property-level net assets assumed for no consideration, included in merger-related expenses and deal costs in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

We also acquired a 34% ownership interest in ESL with customary rights and protections, including the right to appoint two of six members to the ESL Board of Directors. ESL management owns the 66% controlling interest.

Brookdale Senior Living, Kindred, Atria, Sunrise and Ardent Information

Brookdale Senior Living is subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC and is required to file with the SEC annual reports containing audited financial information and quarterly reports containing unaudited financial information. Kindred is not currently subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC, but was subject to such reporting requirements prior to the closing of the Go Private Transactions in July 2018. The information related to Brookdale Senior Living and Kindred contained or referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been derived from SEC filings made by Brookdale Senior Living or Kindred, as the case may be, or other publicly available information, or was provided to us by Brookdale Senior Living or Kindred, and we have not verified this information through an independent investigation or otherwise. We have no reason to believe that this information is inaccurate in any material respect, but we cannot assure you of its accuracy. We are providing this data for informational purposes only, and you are encouraged to obtain Brookdale Senior Living’s and Kindred’s publicly available filings, which can be found at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Atria, Sunrise, Ardent and Kindred are not currently subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC. The information related to Atria, Sunrise, Ardent and Kindred contained or referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been derived from publicly available information or was provided to us by Atria, Sunrise, Ardent or Kindred, as the case may be, and we have not verified this information through an independent investigation or otherwise. We have no reason to believe that this information is inaccurate in any material respect, but we cannot assure you of its accuracy.

NOTE 4—DISPOSITIONS

2018 Activity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold seven seniors housing communities included in our senior living operations reportable business segment, five triple-net leased properties, nine MOBs and two vacant land parcels for aggregate consideration of $326.1 million, and we recognized a gain on the sale of these assets of $35.9 million.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

Real Estate Impairment

We recognized impairments of $10.7 million and $20.2 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, which are recorded in depreciation and amortization in our Consolidated Statements of Income, and relate primarily to our office operations reportable business segment. Our recorded impairments were primarily the result of a change in our intent to hold the impaired assets. In most cases, we recognize an impairment in the periods in which our change in intent is made.

Assets Held for Sale

The table below summarizes our real estate assets classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, including the amounts reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.



	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Number of Properties Held for Sale	Assets Held for Sale			Liabilities Related to Assets Held for Sale		Number of Properties Held for Sale	Assets Held for Sale		Liabilities Related to Assets Held for Sale
	(Dollars in thousands)
Office Operations	1	$	24,877		$	14,429	3	$	65,413	$	60,265
Senior Living Operations ⁽¹⁾	—	(697		)	361		—	—		—
Total	1	$	24,180		$	14,790	3	$	65,413	$	60,265

⁽¹⁾ Balances relate to anticipated post-closing settlements of working capital.

In March 2018, five MOBs no longer met the criteria as being classified as held for sale. As a result, we adjusted the carrying amount of these assets by recognizing depreciation expense of $5.7 million and classified these assets within net real estate investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for all periods presented.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

NOTE 5—LOANS RECEIVABLE AND INVESTMENTS

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had $786.4 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, of net loans receivable and investments relating to seniors housing and healthcare operators or properties. The following is a summary of our loans receivable and investments, net as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, including amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments:



	Carrying Amount		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Unrealized Gain
	(In thousands)
As of September 30, 2018:
Secured/mortgage loans and other, net	$	466,614	$	466,614	$	452,646	$	—
Government-sponsored pooled loan investments, net ⁽¹⁾	61,237		53,292		61,237		7,945
Total investments reported as Secured loans receivable and investments, net	527,851		519,906		513,883		7,945
Non-mortgage loans receivable, net	50,478		50,478		49,915		—
Senior unsecured notes ⁽²⁾	208,090		197,417		208,090		10,673
Total loans receivable and investments, net	$	786,419	$	767,801	$	771,888	$	18,618

As of December 31, 2017:
Secured/mortgage loans and other, net	$	1,291,694	$	1,291,694	$	1,286,322	$	—
Government-sponsored pooled loan investments, net ⁽¹⁾	54,665		53,863		54,665		802
Total investments reported as Secured loans receivable and investments, net	1,346,359		1,345,557		1,340,987		802
Non-mortgage loans receivable, net	59,857		59,857		58,849		—
Total loans receivable and investments, net	$	1,406,216	$	1,405,414	$	1,399,836	$	802

⁽¹⁾ Investments in government-sponsored pool loans have contractual maturity dates in 2023.

⁽²⁾ Investments in senior unsecured notes have contractual maturity dates in 2026.

2018 Activity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we received $846.7 million for the full repayment of the principal balances of ten loans receivable with a weighted average interest rate of 9.1% that were due to mature between 2018 and 2033.

Included in the repayments above is $713 million that we received in June 2018 for the full repayment of the principal balance of a $700 million term loan and $13 million then outstanding on a revolving line of credit we made to a subsidiary of Ardent. We also received a $14.0 million cash pre-payment fee and accelerated recognition of the unamortized portion ($13.2 million) of a previously received cash “upfront” fee for the loans, resulting in income of $27.2 million, which is recorded in income from loans and investments in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

In June 2018, we also made a $200 million investment in senior unsecured notes issued by a subsidiary of Ardent at a price of 98.6% of par value. The notes have an effective interest rate of 10.0% and mature in 2026. These investments are classified as available for sale and are reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.

There was no impact on our 9.8% equity investment in Ardent as a result of these transactions.

NOTE 6—INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES

We report investments in unconsolidated entities over whose operating and financial policies we have the ability to exercise significant influence under the equity method of accounting. We are not required to consolidate these entities because our joint venture partners have significant participating rights, nor are these entities considered VIEs, as they are controlled by equity holders with sufficient capital. At September 30, 2018, we had 25% ownership interests in joint ventures that owned 31 properties, excluding properties under development. We account for our interests in real estate joint ventures, as well as our 34% interest in Atria, 34% interest in ESL and 9.8% interest in Ardent, which are included within other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, under the equity method of accounting.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

With the exception of our interests in Atria, ESL and Ardent, we provide various services to each unconsolidated entity in exchange for fees and reimbursements. Total management fees earned in connection with these entities were $1.1 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $5.1 million and $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is included in office building and other services revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

In March 2018, we recognized an impairment charge of $35.7 million relating to one of our equity investments in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture consisting principally of SNFs, which is recorded in (loss) income from unconsolidated entities in our Consolidated Statements of Income. In July 2018, we sold our 25% interest to our joint venture partner and received $57.5 million at closing and recognized a gain of $0.9 million, which is recorded in (loss) income from unconsolidated entities in our Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, our portion of debt related to investments in unconsolidated entities decreased by $23.3 million. Given that we are no longer the managing member of the real estate joint venture, we will not receive monthly management fees, which have historically been approximately $4.6 million annually.

NOTE 7—INTANGIBLES

The following is a summary of our intangibles as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Balance			Remaining Weighted Average Amortization Period in Years	Balance			Remaining Weighted Average Amortization Period in Years
	(Dollars in thousands)
Intangible assets:
Above market lease intangibles	$	183,212		6.8	$	185,012		7.0
In-place and other lease intangibles	1,323,057			24.6	1,363,062			24.0
Goodwill	1,045,877			N/A	1,034,644			N/A
Other intangibles	35,847			12.1	35,890			14.1
Accumulated amortization	(904,011		)	N/A	(864,576		)	N/A
Net intangible assets	$	1,683,982		22.6	$	1,754,032		22.1
Intangible liabilities:
Below market lease intangibles	$	357,191		14.5	$	359,118		13.7
Other lease intangibles	32,324			43.3	40,141			40.8
Accumulated amortization	(188,537		)	N/A	(160,985		)	N/A
Purchase option intangibles	3,568			N/A	3,568			N/A
Net intangible liabilities	$	204,546		16.6	$	241,842		15.6

N/A—Not Applicable.

Above market lease intangibles and in-place and other lease intangibles are included in acquired lease intangibles within real estate investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other intangibles (including non-compete agreements, trade names and trademarks) are included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Below market lease intangibles, other lease intangibles and purchase option intangibles are included in accounts payable and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

NOTE 8—OTHER ASSETS

The following is a summary of our other assets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	(In thousands)
Straight-line rent receivables, net	$	244,360	$	267,764
Non-mortgage loans receivable, net	50,478		59,857
Senior unsecured notes	208,090		—
Other intangibles, net	5,804		6,496
Investment in unconsolidated operating entities	62,295		49,738
Other	211,359		189,924
Total other assets	$	782,386	$	573,779

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9—SENIOR NOTES PAYABLE AND OTHER DEBT

The following is a summary of our senior notes payable and other debt as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(In thousands)
Unsecured revolving credit facility ⁽¹⁾	$	514,353		$	535,832
Secured revolving construction credit facility due 2022	63,806			2,868
2.00% Senior Notes due 2018	—			700,000
4.00% Senior Notes due 2019	—			600,000
3.00% Senior Notes, Series A due 2019 ⁽²⁾	309,981			318,041
2.70% Senior Notes due 2020	500,000			500,000
Unsecured term loan due 2020	—			900,000
4.75% Senior Notes due 2021	—			700,000
4.25% Senior Notes due 2022	600,000			600,000
3.25% Senior Notes due 2022	500,000			500,000
3.30% Senior Notes, Series C due 2022 ⁽²⁾	193,738			198,776
Unsecured term loan due 2023	300,000			—
3.125% Senior Notes due 2023	400,000			400,000
3.10% Senior Notes due 2023	400,000			400,000
2.55% Senior Notes, Series D due 2023 ⁽²⁾	213,112			218,653
Unsecured term loan due 2024	600,000			—
3.75% Senior Notes due 2024	400,000			400,000
4.125% Senior Notes, Series B due 2024 ⁽²⁾	193,738			198,776
3.50% Senior Notes due 2025	600,000			600,000
4.125% Senior Notes due 2026	500,000			500,000
3.25% Senior Notes due 2026	450,000			450,000
3.85% Senior Notes due 2027	400,000			400,000
4.00% Senior Notes due 2028	650,000			—
4.40% Senior Notes due 2029	750,000			—
6.90% Senior Notes due 2037	52,400			52,400
6.59% Senior Notes due 2038	22,823			22,973
5.45% Senior Notes due 2043	258,750			258,750
5.70% Senior Notes due 2043	300,000			300,000
4.375% Senior Notes due 2045	300,000			300,000
Mortgage loans and other	1,111,299			1,308,564
Total	10,584,000			11,365,633
Deferred financing costs, net	(77,091		)	(73,093		)
Unamortized fair value adjustment	(2,207		)	12,139
Unamortized discounts	(26,247		)	(28,617		)
Senior notes payable and other debt	$	10,478,455		$	11,276,062


⁽¹⁾	As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, $21.3 million and $28.7 million of aggregate borrowings were denominated in Canadian dollars. Aggregate borrowings of $28.5 million and $31.1 million were denominated in British pounds as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


⁽²⁾	These borrowings are in the form of Canadian dollars.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

As of September 30, 2018, our indebtedness had the following maturities:



	Principal Amount Due at Maturity		Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility ⁽¹⁾		Scheduled Periodic Amortization		Total Maturities
	(In thousands)
2018	$	—	$	—	$	5,154	$	5,154
2019	538,766		—		15,114		553,880
2020	583,866		—		14,491		598,357
2021	62,406		514,353		13,365		590,124
2022	1,475,293		—		11,841		1,487,134
Thereafter ⁽²⁾	7,262,876		—		86,475		7,349,351
Total maturities	$	9,923,207	$	514,353	$	146,440	$	10,584,000


⁽¹⁾	At September 30, 2018, we had $86.1 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, for $428.2 million of net borrowings outstanding under our unsecured revolving credit facility.


⁽²⁾	Includes $52.4 million aggregate principal amount of our 6.90% senior notes due 2037 that is subject to repurchase, at the option of the holders, on October 1, 2027, and $22.8 million aggregate principal amount of 6.59% senior notes due 2038 that is subject to repurchase, at the option of the holders, on July 7 in each of 2023 and 2028.

Credit Facilities and Unsecured Term Loans

Our unsecured credit facility is comprised of a $3.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, priced at LIBOR plus 0.875% as of September 30, 2018. The unsecured revolving credit facility matures in 2021, but may be extended at our option subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions for two additional periods of six months each. The unsecured revolving credit facility also includes an accordion feature that permits us to increase our aggregate borrowing capacity thereunder to up to $3.75 billion.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $514.4 million of borrowings outstanding, $22.7 million of letters of credit outstanding and $2.5 billion of unused borrowing capacity available under our unsecured revolving credit facility.

In July 2018, we entered into a new $900.0 million unsecured term loan facility priced at LIBOR plus 0.90%. The new term loan facility is comprised of a $300.0 million term loan that matures in 2023 and a $600.0 million term loan that matures in 2024. The new term loan facility also includes an accordion feature that permits us to increase our aggregate borrowings thereunder to up to $1.5 billion. This unsecured term loan facility replaced and repaid in full our $900.0 million unsecured term loan due 2020 priced at LIBOR plus 0.975%.

As of September 30, 2018, we also had a $400.0 million secured revolving construction credit facility with $63.8 million of borrowings outstanding and $336.2 million of unused borrowing capacity. The secured revolving construction credit facility matures in 2022 and is primarily used to finance life science and innovation center and other construction projects.

Senior Notes

In February 2018, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Ventas Realty, Limited Partnership (“Ventas Realty”), issued and sold $650.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% senior notes due 2028 at a public offering price equal to 99.23% of par, for total proceeds of $645.0 million before the underwriting discount and expenses.

In February 2018, we redeemed $502.1 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 4.00% senior notes due April 2019 at a public offering price of 101.83% of par, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $11.0 million. The redemption was funded using cash on hand and borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility. In April 2018, we repaid the remaining balance then outstanding of our 4.00% senior notes due April 2019 of $97.9 million and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.8 million.

In February 2018, we repaid in full, at par, $700.0 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 2.00% senior notes due February 2018 upon maturity.

In August 2018, Ventas Realty issued and sold $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.40% senior notes due 2029 at a public offering price equal to 99.95% of par, for total proceeds of $749.7 million before the underwriting discount and expenses.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

In August 2018, we redeemed $549.5 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 4.75% senior notes due 2021 at a public offering price of 104.56% of par, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $28.3 million. The redemption was funded using proceeds from our August 2018 senior note issuance, cash on hand and borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility. In September 2018, we repaid the remaining balance then outstanding of our 4.75% senior notes due 2021 of $150.5 million and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $7.6 million.

Mortgages

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we repaid in full mortgage loans outstanding in the aggregate principal amounts of $324.6 million and $307.5 million, respectively.

Derivatives and Hedging

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we entered into $300 million notional value forward starting swaps that reduced our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates prior to our August 2018 issuance of 4.40% senior notes due 2029, which resulted in a $4.4 million gain that is being recognized over the life of the notes using the effective interest method.

In August 2018, we entered into interest rate swaps totaling a notional amount of $200 million with a maturity of January 31, 2023 that effectively converts LIBOR-based floating rate debt to fixed rate debt.

In March 2017, we entered into interest rate swaps totaling a notional amount of $400 million with a maturity of January 15, 2023, effectively converting fixed rate debt to three month LIBOR-based floating rate debt. As a result, we will pay a floating rate equal to three month LIBOR plus a weighted average swap spread of 0.98%. In August 2018, $200 million notional amount of these swaps were terminated, which resulted in a $6.6 million loss that is being recognized over the life of the notes using the effective interest method.

During June and December 2017, we entered into a total of $200 million notional value forward starting swaps that reduced our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates prior to the February 2018 issuance of 4.00% senior notes due 2028. On the issuance date, we realized a gain of $10.0 million from these swaps that is being recognized over the life of the senior notes using an effective interest method.

NOTE 10—FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the carrying amounts and fair values of our financial instruments were as follows:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	86,107	$	86,107	$	81,355	$	81,355
Secured mortgage loans and other, net	466,614		452,646		1,291,694		1,286,322
Non-mortgage loans receivable, net	50,478		49,915		59,857		58,849
Senior unsecured notes	208,090		208,090		—		—
Government-sponsored pooled loan investments	61,237		61,237		54,665		54,665
Derivative instruments	10,072		10,072		7,248		7,248
Liabilities:
Senior notes payable and other debt, gross	10,584,000		10,434,164		11,365,633		11,600,750
Derivative instruments	9,119		9,119		5,435		5,435
Redeemable OP Unitholder Interests	130,999		130,999		146,252		146,252

For a discussion of the assumptions considered, refer to “NOTE 2—ACCOUNTING POLICIES.” The use of different market assumptions and estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the reported estimated fair value

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented above are not necessarily indicative of the amounts we would realize in a current market exchange.

NOTE 11—LITIGATION

Proceedings against Tenants, Operators and Managers

From time to time, Atria, Sunrise, Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent, Kindred and our other tenants, operators and managers are parties to certain legal actions, regulatory investigations and claims arising in the conduct of their business and operations. Even though we generally are not party to these proceedings, the unfavorable resolution of any such actions, investigations or claims could, individually or in the aggregate, materially adversely affect such tenants’, operators’ or managers’ liquidity, financial condition or results of operations and their ability to satisfy their respective obligations to us, which, in turn, could have a Material Adverse Effect on us.

Proceedings Indemnified and Defended by Third Parties

From time to time, we are party to certain legal actions, regulatory investigations and claims for which third parties are contractually obligated to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless. The tenants of our triple-net leased properties and, in some cases, their affiliates are required by the terms of their leases and other agreements with us to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless against certain actions, investigations and claims arising in the course of their business and related to the operations of our triple-net leased properties. In addition, third parties from whom we acquired certain of our assets and, in some cases, their affiliates are required by the terms of the related conveyance documents to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless against certain actions, investigations and claims related to the acquired assets and arising prior to our ownership or related to excluded assets and liabilities. In some cases, a portion of the purchase price consideration is held in escrow for a specified period of time as collateral for these indemnification obligations. We are presently being defended by certain tenants and other obligated third parties in these types of matters. We cannot assure you that our tenants, their affiliates or other obligated third parties will continue to defend us in these matters, that our tenants, their affiliates or other obligated third parties will have sufficient assets, income and access to financing to enable them to satisfy their defense and indemnification obligations to us or that any purchase price consideration held in escrow will be sufficient to satisfy claims for which we are entitled to indemnification. The unfavorable resolution of any such actions, investigations or claims could, individually or in the aggregate, materially adversely affect our tenants’ or other obligated third parties’ liquidity, financial condition or results of operations and their ability to satisfy their respective obligations to us, which, in turn, could have a Material Adverse Effect on us.

Proceedings Arising in Connection with Senior Living and Office Operations; Other Litigation

From time to time, we are party to various legal actions, regulatory investigations and claims (some of which may not be insured and some of which may allege large damage amounts) arising in connection with our senior living and office operations or otherwise in the course of our business. In limited circumstances, the manager of the applicable seniors housing community, MOB or life science and innovation center may be contractually obligated to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless against such actions, investigations and claims. It is the opinion of management, except as otherwise set forth in this note, that the disposition of any such actions, investigations and claims that are currently pending will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect on us. However, regardless of their merits, we may be forced to expend significant financial resources to defend and resolve these matters. We are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these actions, investigations and claims, and if management’s assessment of our liability with respect thereto is incorrect, such actions, investigations and claims could have a Material Adverse Effect on us.

NOTE 12—INCOME TAXES

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for every year beginning with the year ended December 31, 1999. We have also elected for certain of our subsidiaries to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS” or “TRS entities”), which are subject to federal, state and foreign income taxes. All entities other than the TRS entities are collectively referred to as the “REIT” within this note. Certain REIT entities are subject to foreign income tax.

Although the TRS entities and certain other foreign entities have paid minimal cash federal, state and foreign income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, their income tax liabilities may increase in future periods as we exhaust net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and as our senior living and other operations grow. Such increases could be significant.

Our consolidated provisions for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were benefits of $7.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively. Our consolidated provisions for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were benefits of $11.3 million and $13.1 million, respectively.

Realization of a deferred tax benefit related to NOLs depends, in part, upon generating sufficient taxable income in future periods. The REIT and TRS NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2024.

Each TRS is a tax paying component for purposes of classifying deferred tax assets and liabilities. Net deferred tax liabilities with respect to our TRS entities totaled $236.6 million and $250.1 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and related primarily to differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of fixed and intangible assets, net of loss carryforwards.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“2017 Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. As of December 31, 2017, we made a reasonable estimate that the new interest expense limitation rules may disallow the deferred interest carried forward under the rules prior to the 2017 Tax Act. Consequently, we recorded a provisional adjustment of $23.3 million for the entire deferred tax asset related to the existing deferred interest carryforward. This amount continues to be a provisional adjustment as of September 30, 2018. We will recognize any changes to provisional amounts as we continue to analyze the existing statute or as additional guidance becomes available. We expect to complete our analysis of the provisional amounts by the end of 2018.

Generally, we are subject to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the year ended December 31, 2015 and subsequent years and are subject to audit by state taxing authorities for the year ended December 31, 2014 and subsequent years. We are subject to audit generally under the statutes of limitation by the Canada Revenue Agency and provincial authorities with respect to the Canadian entities for the year ended December 31, 2014 and subsequent years. We are subject to audit in the United Kingdom generally for periods ended in and subsequent to 2016.

NOTE 13—STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Capital Stock

We may sell our common stock from time to time under an “at-the-market” equity offering program (“ATM program”). In August 2018, we replaced our expired ATM program with an identical program, under which we may sell up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion of our common stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold no shares of our common stock under an ATM program. Therefore, as of September 30, 2018, $1.0 billion of our common stock remained available for sale under our ATM program.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following is a summary of our accumulated other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(In thousands)
Foreign currency translation	$	(53,641	)	$	(45,580	)
Accumulated unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	18,618			802
Other	27,076			9,658
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(7,947	)	$	(35,120	)

NOTE 14—EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table shows the amounts used in computing our basic and diluted earnings per share:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,					For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations	$	103,263	$	156,930		$	316,796		$	465,114
Discontinued operations	—		(19		)	(10		)	(95		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	18		458,280			35,893			502,288
Net income	103,281		615,191			352,679			967,307
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309		1,233			5,485			3,391
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	101,972	$	613,958		$	347,194		$	963,916
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted average shares	356,318		355,929			356,224			355,110
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options	227		624			152			528
Restricted stock awards	396		318			271			236
OP Unitholder Interests	2,414		2,462			2,421			2,491
Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted average shares	359,355		359,333			359,068			358,365
Basic earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.29	$	0.44		$	0.89		$	1.31
Net income attributable to common stockholders	0.29		1.72			0.97			2.71
Diluted earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.29	$	0.44		$	0.88		$	1.30
Net income attributable to common stockholders	0.28		1.71			0.97			2.69

NOTE 15—SEGMENT INFORMATION

As of September 30, 2018, we operated through three reportable business segments: triple-net leased properties, senior living operations and office operations. In our triple-net leased properties segment, we invest in and own seniors housing and healthcare properties throughout the United States and the United Kingdom and lease those properties to healthcare operating companies under “triple-net” or “absolute-net” leases that obligate the tenants to pay all property-related expenses. In our senior living operations segment, we invest in seniors housing communities throughout the United States and Canada and engage independent operators, such as Atria and Sunrise, to manage those communities. In our office operations segment, we primarily acquire, own, develop, lease and manage MOBs and life science and innovation centers throughout the United States. Information provided for “all other” includes income from loans and investments and other miscellaneous income and various corporate-level expenses not directly attributable to any of our three reportable business segments. Assets included in “all other” consist primarily of corporate assets, including cash, restricted cash, loans receivable and investments, and miscellaneous accounts receivable.

Our chief operating decision makers evaluate performance of the combined properties in each reportable business segment and determine how to allocate resources to those segments, in significant part, based on segment NOI and related measures. We define segment NOI as total revenues, less interest and other income, property-level operating expenses and office building services costs. We consider segment NOI useful because it allows investors, analysts and our management to measure unlevered property-level operating results and to compare our operating results to the operating results of other real estate companies between periods on a consistent basis. In order to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical consolidated operating results, segment NOI should be examined in conjunction with income from continuing operations as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial data included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

Interest expense, depreciation and amortization, general, administrative and professional fees, income tax expense and other non-property specific revenues and expenses are not allocated to individual reportable business segments for purposes of assessing segment performance. There are no intersegment sales or transfers.

Summary information by reportable business segment is as follows:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Triple-Net Leased Properties		Senior Living Operations			Office Operations		All Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Rental income	$	190,117	$	—		$	193,911	$	—		$	384,028
Resident fees and services	—		518,560			—		—			518,560
Office building and other services revenue	202		—			2,175		911			3,288
Income from loans and investments	—		—			—		18,108			18,108
Interest and other income	—		—			—		12,554			12,554
Total revenues	$	190,319	$	518,560		$	196,086	$	31,573		$	936,538

Total revenues	$	190,319	$	518,560		$	196,086	$	31,573		$	936,538
Less:
Interest and other income	—		—			—		12,554			12,554
Property-level operating expenses	—		366,721			61,668		—			428,389
Office building services costs	—		—			431		—			431
Segment NOI	190,319		151,839			133,987		19,019			495,164
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	1,320		(1,314		)	56		(778		)	(716		)
Segment profit	$	191,639	$	150,525		$	134,043	$	18,241		494,448
Interest and other income											12,554
Interest expense											(107,581		)
Depreciation and amortization											(218,579		)
General, administrative and professional fees											(39,677		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net											(39,527		)
Merger-related expenses and deal costs											(4,458		)
Other											(1,244		)
Income tax benefit											7,327
Income from continuing operations											$	103,263

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Triple-Net Leased Properties		Senior Living Operations		Office Operations			All Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Rental income	$	212,370	$	—	$	189,506		$	—		$	401,876
Resident fees and services	—		461,700		—			—			461,700
Office building and other services revenue	1,125		—		1,568			503			3,196
Income from loans and investments	—		—		—			32,985			32,985
Interest and other income	—		—		—			171			171
Total revenues	$	213,495	$	461,700	$	191,074		$	33,659		$	899,928

Total revenues	$	213,495	$	461,700	$	191,074		$	33,659		$	899,928
Less:
Interest and other income	—		—		—			171			171
Property-level operating expenses	—		315,598		60,609			—			376,207
Office building services costs	—		—		418			—			418
Segment NOI	213,495		146,102		130,047			33,488			523,132
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	1,122		300		(348		)	(324		)	750
Segment profit	$	214,617	$	146,402	$	129,699		$	33,164		523,882
Interest and other income											171
Interest expense											(113,869		)
Depreciation and amortization											(213,407		)
General, administrative and professional fees											(33,317		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net											(511		)
Merger-related expenses and deal costs											(804		)
Other											(13,030		)
Income tax benefit											7,815
Income from continuing operations											$	156,930

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Triple-Net Leased Properties			Senior Living Operations			Office Operations		All Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Rental income	$	548,628		$	—		$	580,471	$	—		$	1,129,099
Resident fees and services	—			1,552,302			—		—			1,552,302
Office building and other services revenue	2,522			—			5,785		2,598			10,905
Income from loans and investments	—			—			—		105,706			105,706
Interest and other income	—			—			—		24,535			24,535
Total revenues	$	551,150		$	1,552,302		$	586,256	$	132,839		$	2,822,547

Total revenues	$	551,150		$	1,552,302		$	586,256	$	132,839		$	2,822,547
Less:
Interest and other income	—			—			—		24,535			24,535
Property-level operating expenses	—			1,080,053			182,662		—			1,262,715
Office building services costs	—			—			1,080		—			1,080
Segment NOI	551,150			472,249			402,514		108,304			1,534,217
(Loss) income from unconsolidated entities	(42,029		)	(3,668		)	321		(2,450		)	(47,826		)
Segment profit	$	509,121		$	468,581		$	402,835	$	105,854		1,486,391
Interest and other income												24,535
Interest expense												(331,973		)
Depreciation and amortization												(675,363		)
General, administrative and professional fees												(113,507		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net												(50,411		)
Merger-related expenses and deal costs												(26,288		)
Other												(7,891		)
Income tax benefit												11,303
Income from continuing operations												$	316,796

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Triple-Net Leased Properties		Senior Living Operations			Office Operations		All Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Rental income	$	634,955	$	—		$	561,641	$	—		$	1,196,596
Resident fees and services	—		1,386,131			—		—			1,386,131
Office building and other services revenue	3,455		—			5,347		979			9,781
Income from loans and investments	—		—			—		85,499			85,499
Interest and other income	—		—			—		854			854
Total revenues	$	638,410	$	1,386,131		$	566,988	$	87,332		$	2,678,861

Total revenues	$	638,410	$	1,386,131		$	566,988	$	87,332		$	2,678,861
Less:
Interest and other income	—		—			—		854			854
Property-level operating expenses	—		936,296			174,728		—			1,111,024
Office building services costs	—		—			1,708		—			1,708
Segment NOI	638,410		449,835			390,552		86,478			1,565,275
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	4,768		(157		)	284		(1,101		)	3,794
Segment profit	$	643,178	$	449,678		$	390,836	$	85,377		1,569,069
Interest and other income											854
Interest expense											(336,245		)
Depreciation and amortization											(655,298		)
General, administrative and professional fees											(100,560		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net											(856		)
Merger-related expenses and deal costs											(8,903		)
Other											(16,066		)
Income tax benefit											13,119
Income from continuing operations											$	465,114

Capital expenditures, including investments in real estate property and development project expenditures, by reportable business segment are as follows:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Capital expenditures:
Triple-net leased properties	$	10,773	$	9,954	$	31,781	$	151,906
Senior living operations	36,138		45,152		90,892		96,533
Office operations	82,294		62,108		216,500		307,494
Total capital expenditures	$	129,205	$	117,214	$	339,173	$	555,933

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

Our portfolio of properties and mortgage loan and other investments are located in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Revenues are attributed to an individual country based on the location of each property. Geographic information regarding our operations is as follows:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
United States	$	881,477	$	844,370	$	2,656,487	$	2,521,813
Canada	48,080		48,639		144,366		137,647
United Kingdom	6,981		6,919		21,694		19,401
Total revenues	$	936,538	$	899,928	$	2,822,547	$	2,678,861



	As of September 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	(In thousands)
Net real estate property:
United States	$	18,721,154	$	19,253,724
Canada	1,021,728		1,070,903
United Kingdom	277,752		297,827
Total net real estate property	$	20,020,634	$	20,622,454

NOTE 16—CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING INFORMATION

Ventas, Inc. has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligation to pay principal and interest with respect to the outstanding senior notes issued by our 100% owned subsidiary, Ventas Realty, including the senior notes that were jointly issued with Ventas Capital Corporation. Ventas Capital Corporation is a direct 100% owned subsidiary of Ventas Realty that has no assets or operations, but was formed in 2002 solely to facilitate offerings of senior notes by a limited partnership. None of our other subsidiaries (such subsidiaries, excluding Ventas Realty and Ventas Capital Corporation, the “Ventas Subsidiaries”) is obligated with respect to Ventas Realty’s outstanding senior notes. Certain of Ventas Realty’s outstanding senior notes reflected in our condensed consolidating information were issued jointly with Ventas Capital Corporation.

Ventas, Inc. has also fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligation to pay principal and interest with respect to the outstanding senior notes issued by our 100% owned subsidiary, Ventas Canada Finance Limited. None of our other subsidiaries is obligated with respect to Ventas Canada Finance Limited’s outstanding senior notes, all of which were issued on a private placement basis in Canada.

In connection with the acquisition of Nationwide Health Properties, Inc. (“NHP”), our 100% owned subsidiary, Nationwide Health Properties, LLC (“NHP LLC”), as successor to NHP, assumed the obligation to pay principal and interest with respect to the outstanding senior notes issued by NHP. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries (other than NHP LLC) is obligated with respect to any of NHP LLC’s outstanding senior notes.

Under certain circumstances, contractual and legal restrictions, including those contained in the instruments governing our subsidiaries’ outstanding mortgage indebtedness, may restrict our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries for the purpose of meeting our debt service obligations, including our payment guarantees with respect to Ventas Realty’s and Ventas Canada Finance Limited’s senior notes.

The following pages summarize our condensed consolidating information as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET



	As of September 30, 2018
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Assets
Net real estate investments	$	3,634		$	112,869		$	20,480,460		$	—		$	20,596,963
Cash and cash equivalents	8,291			—			77,816			—			86,107
Escrow deposits and restricted cash	5,198			128			57,114			—			62,440
Investment in and advances to affiliates	15,421,147			2,726,198			—			(18,147,345		)	—
Goodwill	—			—			1,045,877			—			1,045,877
Assets held for sale	—			—			24,180			—			24,180
Other assets	57,960			6,669			717,757			—			782,386
Total assets	$	15,496,230		$	2,845,864		$	22,403,204		$	(18,147,345	)	$	22,597,953
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities:
Senior notes payable and other debt	$	—		$	8,330,288		$	2,148,167		$	—		$	10,478,455
Intercompany loans	8,066,423			(5,390,219		)	(2,676,204		)	—			—
Accrued interest	(8,976		)	66,613			19,246			—			76,883
Accounts payable and other liabilities	355,472			24,843			754,583			—			1,134,898
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	—			—			14,790			—			14,790
Deferred income taxes	586			—			236,030			—			236,616
Total liabilities	8,413,505			3,031,525			496,612			—			11,941,642
Redeemable OP Unitholder and noncontrolling interests	12,399			—			130,843			—			143,242
Total equity	7,070,326			(185,661		)	21,775,749			(18,147,345		)	10,513,069
Total liabilities and equity	$	15,496,230		$	2,845,864		$	22,403,204		$	(18,147,345	)	$	22,597,953

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET



	As of December 31, 2017
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Assets
Net real estate investments	$	1,844		$	119,508		$	21,971,100		$	—		$	22,092,452
Cash and cash equivalents	7,129			—			74,226			—			81,355
Escrow deposits and restricted cash	39,816			128			66,954			—			106,898
Investment in and advances to affiliates	14,790,537			2,916,060			—			(17,706,597		)	—
Goodwill	—			—			1,034,644			—			1,034,644
Assets held for sale	—			—			65,413			—			65,413
Other assets	55,934			9,458			508,387			—			573,779
Total assets	$	14,895,260		$	3,045,154		$	23,720,724		$	(17,706,597	)	$	23,954,541
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities:
Senior notes payable and other debt	$	—		$	8,895,641		$	2,380,421		$	—		$	11,276,062
Intercompany loans	7,838,898			(7,127,547		)	(711,351		)	—			—
Accrued interest	(6,410		)	77,691			22,677			—			93,958
Accounts payable and other liabilities	377,536			24,635			781,318			—			1,183,489
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	—			—			60,265			—			60,265
Deferred income taxes	608			—			249,484			—			250,092
Total liabilities	8,210,632			1,870,420			2,782,814			—			12,863,866
Redeemable OP Unitholder and noncontrolling interests	12,237			—			146,253			—			158,490
Total equity	6,672,391			1,174,734			20,791,657			(17,706,597		)	10,932,185
Total liabilities and equity	$	14,895,260		$	3,045,154		$	23,720,724		$	(17,706,597	)	$	23,954,541

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues
Rental income	$	275		$	35,189		$	348,564		$	—		$	384,028
Resident fees and services	—			—			518,560			—			518,560
Office building and other services revenue	—			—			3,288			—			3,288
Income from loans and investments	387			—			17,721			—			18,108
Equity earnings in affiliates	74,048			—			(874		)	(73,174		)	—
Interest and other income	12,335			8			211			—			12,554
Total revenues	87,045			35,197			887,470			(73,174		)	936,538
Expenses
Interest	(19,307		)	80,255			46,633			—			107,581
Depreciation and amortization	1,365			1,411			215,803			—			218,579
Property-level operating expenses	—			77			428,312			—			428,389
Office building services costs	—			—			431			—			431
General, administrative and professional fees	2,744			4,477			32,456			—			39,677
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	202			36,219			3,106			—			39,527
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	2,980			—			1,478			—			4,458
Other	28			25			1,191			—			1,244
Total expenses	(11,988		)	122,464			729,410			—			839,886
Income (loss) before unconsolidated entities, income taxes, discontinued operations, real estate dispositions and noncontrolling interests	99,033			(87,267		)	158,060			(73,174		)	96,652
Loss from unconsolidated entities	—			—			(716		)	—			(716		)
Income tax benefit	2,944			—			4,383			—			7,327
Income (loss) from continuing operations	101,977			(87,267		)	161,727			(73,174		)	103,263
(Loss) gain on real estate dispositions	(5		)	—			23			—			18
Net income (loss)	101,972			(87,267		)	161,750			(73,174		)	103,281
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			1,309			—			1,309
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	101,972		$	(87,267	)	$	160,441		$	(73,174	)	$	101,972

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries		Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues
Rental income	$	601		$	45,447		$	355,828	$	—		$	401,876
Resident fees and services	—			—			461,700		—			461,700
Office building and other services revenue	—			—			3,196		—			3,196
Income from loans and investments	309			—			32,676		—			32,985
Equity earnings in affiliates	594,857			—			4,151		(599,008		)	—
Interest and other income	3			—			168		—			171
Total revenues	595,770			45,447			857,719		(599,008		)	899,928
Expenses
Interest	(16,836		)	82,007			48,698		—			113,869
Depreciation and amortization	1,314			1,455			210,638		—			213,407
Property-level operating expenses	—			69			376,138		—			376,207
Office building services costs	—			—			418		—			418
General, administrative and professional fees	100			4,240			28,977		—			33,317
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	—			504			7		—			511
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	360			—			444		—			804
Other	1,626			—			11,404		—			13,030
Total expenses	(13,436		)	88,275			676,724		—			751,563
Income (loss) before unconsolidated entities, income taxes, discontinued operations, real estate dispositions and noncontrolling interests	609,206			(42,828		)	180,995		(599,008		)	148,365
Income from unconsolidated entities	—			—			750		—			750
Income tax benefit	4,771			—			3,044		—			7,815
Income (loss) from continuing operations	613,977			(42,828		)	184,789		(599,008		)	156,930
Discontinued operations	(19		)	—			—		—			(19		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	—			457,952			328		—			458,280
Net income	613,958			415,124			185,117		(599,008		)	615,191
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			1,233		—			1,233
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	613,958		$	415,124		$	183,884	$	(599,008	)	$	613,958

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues
Rental income	$	1,132		$	103,874		$	1,024,093		$	—		$	1,129,099
Resident fees and services	—			—			1,552,302			—			1,552,302
Office building and other services revenue	—			—			10,905			—			10,905
Income from loans and investments	1,150			—			104,556			—			105,706
Equity earnings in affiliates	278,103			—			(2,078		)	(276,025		)	—
Interest and other income	23,726			8			801			—			24,535
Total revenues	304,111			103,882			2,690,579			(276,025		)	2,822,547
Expenses
Interest	(76,297		)	245,210			163,060			—			331,973
Depreciation and amortization	4,081			4,277			667,005			—			675,363
Property-level operating expenses	—			231			1,262,484			—			1,262,715
Office building services costs	—			—			1,080			—			1,080
General, administrative and professional fees	2,892			13,142			97,473			—			113,507
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	356			48,815			1,240			—			50,411
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	23,390			—			2,898			—			26,288
Other	4,524			25			3,342			—			7,891
Total expenses	(41,054		)	311,700			2,198,582			—			2,469,228
Income (loss) before unconsolidated entities, income taxes, discontinued operations, real estate dispositions and noncontrolling interests	345,165			(207,818		)	491,997			(276,025		)	353,319
Loss from unconsolidated entities	—			—			(47,826		)	—			(47,826		)
Income tax benefit	2,606			—			8,697			—			11,303
Income (loss) from continuing operations	347,771			(207,818		)	452,868			(276,025		)	316,796
Discontinued operations	(10		)	—			—			—			(10		)
(Loss) gain on real estate dispositions	(567		)	—			36,460			—			35,893
Net income (loss)	347,194			(207,818		)	489,328			(276,025		)	352,679
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			5,485			—			5,485
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	347,194		$	(207,818	)	$	483,843		$	(276,025	)	$	347,194

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues
Rental income	$	1,782		$	141,717		$	1,053,097		$	—		$	1,196,596
Resident fees and services	—			—			1,386,131			—			1,386,131
Office building and other services revenue	—			—			9,781			—			9,781
Income from loans and investments	908			—			84,591			—			85,499
Equity earnings in affiliates	909,605			—			3,553			(913,158		)	—
Interest and other income	374			—			480			—			854
Total revenues	912,669			141,717			2,537,633			(913,158		)	2,678,861
Expenses
Interest	(61,204		)	238,312			159,137			—			336,245
Depreciation and amortization	4,140			6,062			645,096			—			655,298
Property-level operating expenses	—			235			1,110,789			—			1,111,024
Office building services costs	—			—			1,708			—			1,708
General, administrative and professional fees	412			13,570			86,578			—			100,560
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	—			942			(86		)	—			856
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	8,007			—			896			—			8,903
Other	1,743			—			14,323			—			16,066
Total expenses	(46,902		)	259,121			2,018,441			—			2,230,660
Income (loss) before unconsolidated entities, income taxes, discontinued operations, real estate dispositions and noncontrolling interests	959,571			(117,404		)	519,192			(913,158		)	448,201
Income from unconsolidated entities	—			—			3,794			—			3,794
Income tax benefit	4,440			—			8,679			—			13,119
Income (loss) from continuing operations	964,011			(117,404		)	531,665			(913,158		)	465,114
Discontinued operations	(95		)	—			—			—			(95		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	—			472,732			29,556			—			502,288
Net income	963,916			355,328			561,221			(913,158		)	967,307
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			3,391			—			3,391
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	963,916		$	355,328		$	557,830		$	(913,158	)	$	963,916

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Ventas, Inc.		Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	101,972	$	(87,267	)	$	161,750		$	(73,174	)	$	103,281
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation	—		—			(5,018		)	—			(5,018		)
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	—		—			5,131			—			5,131
Other	—		—			2,801			—			2,801
Total other comprehensive income	—		—			2,914			—			2,914
Comprehensive income (loss)	101,972		(87,267		)	164,664			(73,174		)	106,195
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—			1,309			—			1,309
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	101,972	$	(87,267	)	$	163,355		$	(73,174	)	$	104,886



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Ventas, Inc.		Ventas Realty		Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	613,958	$	415,124	$	185,117		$	(599,008	)	$	615,191
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation	—		—		5,239			—			5,239
Unrealized loss on marketable debt securities	—		—		(48		)	—			(48		)
Other	—		—		(936		)	—			(936		)
Total other comprehensive income	—		—		4,255			—			4,255
Comprehensive income	613,958		415,124		189,372			(599,008		)	619,446
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		1,233			—			1,233
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	613,958	$	415,124	$	188,139		$	(599,008	)	$	618,213

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Ventas, Inc.		Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	347,194	$	(207,818	)	$	489,328		$	(276,025	)	$	352,679
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation	—		—			(8,061		)	—			(8,061		)
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	—		—			17,816			—			17,816
Other	—		—			17,418			—			17,418
Total other comprehensive income	—		—			27,173			—			27,173
Comprehensive income (loss)	347,194		(207,818		)	516,501			(276,025		)	379,852
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—			5,485			—			5,485
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	347,194	$	(207,818	)	$	511,016		$	(276,025	)	$	374,367



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Ventas, Inc.		Ventas Realty		Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	963,916	$	355,328	$	561,221		$	(913,158	)	$	967,307
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation	—		—		17,607			—			17,607
Unrealized loss on marketable debt securities	—		—		(233		)	—			(233		)
Other	—		—		(620		)	—			(620		)
Total other comprehensive income	—		—		16,754			—			16,754
Comprehensive income	963,916		355,328		577,975			(913,158		)	984,061
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		3,391			—			3,391
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	963,916	$	355,328	$	574,584		$	(913,158	)	$	980,670

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	30,077		$	(163,311	)	$	1,150,856		$	—	$	1,017,622

Cash flows from investing activities:
Net investment in real estate property	(35,800		)	—			—			—		(35,800		)
Investment in loans receivable	(3,036		)	—			(209,053		)	—		(212,089		)
Proceeds from real estate disposals	331,243			—			—			—		331,243
Proceeds from loans receivable	1,473			—			864,840			—		866,313
Development project expenditures	—			—			(230,348		)	—		(230,348		)
Capital expenditures	—			—			(73,025		)	—		(73,025		)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities	—			—			57,430			—		57,430
Investment in unconsolidated entities	—			—			(45,106		)	—		(45,106		)
Insurance proceeds for property damage claims	—			—			6,327			—		6,327
Net cash provided by investing activities	293,880			—			371,065			—		664,945

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in borrowings under revolving credit facilities	—			49,438			(8,146		)	—		41,292
Proceeds from debt	—			2,309,141			103,279			—		2,412,420
Repayment of debt	—			(2,949,456		)	(344,648		)	—		(3,294,104		)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests	(2,429		)	—			—			—		(2,429		)
Net change in intercompany debt	976,533			769,781			(1,746,314		)	—		—
Payment of deferred financing costs	—			(15,593		)	(990		)	—		(16,583		)
Cash distribution (to) from affiliates	(473,343		)	—			473,343			—		—
Cash distribution to common stockholders	(845,248		)	—			—			—		(845,248		)
Cash distribution to redeemable OP Unitholders	—			—			(5,594		)	—		(5,594		)
Cash issued for redemption of OP and Class C Units	—			—			(1,370		)	—		(1,370		)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	—			—			500			—		500
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—			—			(9,968		)	—		(9,968		)
Other	(736		)	—			—			—		(736		)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(345,223		)	163,311			(1,539,908		)	—		(1,721,820		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(21,266		)	—			(17,987		)	—		(39,253		)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(12,190		)	—			11,737			—		(453		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	46,945			128			141,180			—		188,253
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	13,489		$	128		$	134,930		$	—	$	148,547

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(Unaudited)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Ventas, Inc.			Ventas Realty			Ventas Subsidiaries			Consolidated Elimination		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	60,382		$	(87,781	)	$	1,109,624		$	—	$	1,082,225

Cash flows from investing activities:
Net investment in real estate property	(317,785		)	—			(28,706		)	—		(346,491		)
Investment in loans receivable	(2,727		)	—			(731,306		)	—		(734,033		)
Proceeds from real estate disposals	616,637			—			(1,884		)	—		614,753
Proceeds from loans receivable	36			—			84,325			—		84,361
Development project expenditures	—			—			(210,423		)	—		(210,423		)
Capital expenditures	—			(604		)	(82,783		)	—		(83,387		)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities	—			—			5,816			—		5,816
Investment in unconsolidated entities	—			—			(42,399		)	—		(42,399		)
Insurance proceeds for property damage claims	—			—			1,393			—		1,393
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	296,161			(604		)	(1,005,967		)	—		(710,410		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in borrowings under revolving credit facility	—			467,000			(82,262		)	—		384,738
Proceeds from debt	—			793,904			264,533			—		1,058,437
Repayment of debt	—			(778,606		)	(446,919		)	—		(1,225,525		)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests	(15,809		)	—			—			—		(15,809		)
Net change in intercompany debt	743,966			(748,587		)	4,621			—		—
Payment of deferred financing costs	—			(20,450		)	(5,976		)	—		(26,426		)
Issuance of common stock, net	73,596			—			—			—		73,596
Cash distribution (to) from affiliates	(562,534		)	373,748			188,786			—		—
Cash distribution to common stockholders	(827,285		)	—			—			—		(827,285		)
Cash distribution to redeemable OP Unitholders	—			—			(5,677		)	—		(5,677		)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—			—			4,402			—		4,402
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—			—			(9,248		)	—		(9,248		)
Other	10,543			—			—			—		10,543
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(577,523		)	87,009			(87,740		)	—		(578,254		)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(220,980		)	(1,376		)	15,917			—		(206,439		)
Effect of foreign currency translation	25,481			—			(24,811		)	—		670
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	207,789			1,504			158,061			—		367,354
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	12,290		$	128		$	149,167		$	—	$	161,585

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless otherwise indicated or except where the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us” and “our” and other similar terms in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Ventas, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Cautionary Statements

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements regarding our or our tenants’, operators’, borrowers’ or managers’ expected future financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, funds from operations, dividends and dividend plans, financing opportunities and plans, capital markets transactions, business strategy, budgets, projected costs, operating metrics, capital expenditures, competitive positions, acquisitions, investment opportunities, dispositions, merger integration, growth opportunities, expected lease income, continued qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), plans and objectives of management for future operations, and statements that include words such as “anticipate,” “if,” “believe,” “plan,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” and other similar expressions are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain, and actual results may differ from our expectations. We do not undertake a duty to update these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made.

Our actual future results and trends may differ materially from expectations depending on a variety of factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These factors include without limitation:


•	The ability and willingness of our tenants, operators, borrowers, managers and other third parties to satisfy their obligations under their respective contractual arrangements with us, including, in some cases, their obligations to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities;


•	The ability of our tenants, operators, borrowers and managers to maintain the financial strength and liquidity necessary to satisfy their respective obligations and liabilities to third parties, including without limitation obligations under their existing credit facilities and other indebtedness;


•	Our success in implementing our business strategy and our ability to identify, underwrite, finance, consummate and integrate diversifying acquisitions and investments;


•	Macroeconomic conditions such as a disruption of or lack of access to the capital markets, changes in the debt rating on U.S. government securities, default or delay in payment by the United States of its obligations, and changes in the federal or state budgets resulting in the reduction or nonpayment of Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement rates;


•	The nature and extent of future competition, including new construction in the markets in which our seniors housing communities and office buildings are located;


•	The extent and effect of future or pending healthcare reform and regulation, including cost containment measures and changes in reimbursement policies, procedures and rates;


•	Increases in our borrowing costs as a result of changes in interest rates and other factors;


•	The ability of our tenants, operators and managers, as applicable, to comply with laws, rules and regulations in the operation of our properties, to deliver high-quality services, to attract and retain qualified personnel and to attract residents and patients;


•	Changes in general economic conditions or economic conditions in the markets in which we may, from time to time, compete, and the effect of those changes on our revenues, earnings and funding sources;


•	Our ability to pay down, refinance, restructure or extend our indebtedness as it becomes due;


•	Our ability and willingness to maintain our qualification as a REIT in light of economic, market, legal, tax and other considerations;


•	Final determination of our taxable net income for the year ending December 31, 2018;


•	The ability and willingness of our tenants to renew their leases with us upon expiration of the leases, our ability to reposition our properties on the same or better terms in the event of nonrenewal or in the event we exercise our right to replace an existing tenant, and obligations, including indemnification obligations, we may incur in connection with the replacement of an existing tenant;

•

Risks associated with our senior living operating portfolio, such as factors that can cause volatility in our operating income and earnings generated by those properties, including without limitation national and regional economic conditions, development of new competing properties, costs of food, materials, energy, labor and services, employee benefit costs, insurance costs and professional and general liability claims, and the timely delivery of accurate property-level financial results for those properties;


•	Changes in exchange rates for any foreign currency in which we may, from time to time, conduct business;


•	Year-over-year changes in the Consumer Price Index or the U.K. Retail Price Index and the effect of those changes on the rent escalators contained in our leases and on our earnings;


•	Our ability and the ability of our tenants, operators, borrowers and managers to obtain and maintain adequate property, liability and other insurance from reputable, financially stable providers;


•	The impact of increased operating costs and uninsured professional liability claims on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations or that of our tenants, operators, borrowers and managers and our ability and the ability of our tenants, operators, borrowers and managers to accurately estimate the magnitude of those claims;


•	Risks associated with our office building portfolio and operations, including our ability to successfully design, develop and manage office buildings and to retain key personnel;


•	The ability of the hospitals on or near whose campuses our medical office buildings (“MOBs”) are located and their affiliated health systems to remain competitive and financially viable and to attract physicians and physician groups;


•	Risks associated with our investments in joint ventures and unconsolidated entities, including our lack of sole decision-making authority and our reliance on our joint venture partners’ financial condition;


•	Our ability to obtain the financial results expected from our development and redevelopment projects, including projects undertaken through our joint ventures;


•	The impact of market or issuer events on the liquidity or value of our investments in marketable securities;


•	Consolidation in the seniors housing and healthcare industries resulting in a change of control of, or a competitor’s investment in, one or more of our tenants, operators, borrowers or managers or significant changes in the senior management of our tenants, operators, borrowers or managers;


•	The impact of litigation or any financial, accounting, legal or regulatory issues that may affect us or our tenants, operators, borrowers or managers; and


•	Changes in accounting principles, or their application or interpretation, and our ability to make estimates and the assumptions underlying the estimates, which could have an effect on our earnings.

Many of these factors are beyond our control and the control of our management.

Brookdale Senior Living, Kindred, Atria, Sunrise and Ardent Information

Brookdale Senior Living Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Brookdale Senior Living”) is subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC and is required to file with the SEC annual reports containing audited financial information and quarterly reports containing unaudited financial information. Kindred Healthcare, LLC (formerly Kindred Healthcare, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, “Kindred”) is not currently subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC, but was subject to such reporting requirements prior to the closing of its acquisition by a consortium of TPG Capital (“TPG”), Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe (“WCAS”) and Humana, Inc. in July 2018. The information related to Brookdale Senior Living and

Kindred contained or referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been derived from SEC filings made by Brookdale Senior Living or Kindred, as the case may be, or other publicly available information, or was provided to us by Brookdale Senior Living or Kindred, and we have not verified this information through an independent investigation or otherwise. We have no reason to believe that this information is inaccurate in any material respect, but we cannot assure you of its accuracy. We are providing this data for informational purposes only, and you are encouraged to obtain Brookdale Senior Living’s and Kindred’s publicly available filings, which can be found on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Atria Senior Living, Inc. (“Atria”), Sunrise Senior Living, LLC (together with its subsidiaries, “Sunrise”), Ardent Health Partners, LLC (together with its subsidiaries, “Ardent”) and Kindred are not currently subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC. The information related to Atria, Sunrise, Ardent and Kindred contained or referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been derived from publicly available information or was provided to us by Atria, Sunrise, Ardent or Kindred, as the case may be, and we have not verified this information through an independent investigation or otherwise. We have no reason to believe that this information is inaccurate in any material respect, but we cannot assure you of its accuracy.

Company Overview

We are a REIT with a highly diversified portfolio of seniors housing, life science and innovation and healthcare properties located throughout the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. As of September 30, 2018, we owned approximately 1,200 properties (including properties owned through investments in unconsolidated entities and properties classified as held for sale), consisting of seniors housing communities, MOBs, life science and innovation centers, inpatient rehabilitation facilities (“IRFs”) and long-term acute care facilities (“LTACs”), health systems and skilled nursing facilities (“SNFs”), and we had 16 properties under development, including five properties that are owned by unconsolidated real estate entities. We are an S&P 500 company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.

As of September 30, 2018, pursuant to long-term management agreements, we engaged independent operators, such as Atria and Sunrise, to manage 360 seniors housing communities for us.

Our three largest tenants, Brookdale Senior Living, Ardent and Kindred leased from us 135 properties (excluding one property managed by Brookdale Senior Living pursuant to a long-term management agreement), 11 properties and 32 properties, respectively, as of September 30, 2018.

We aim to enhance shareholder value by delivering consistent, superior total returns through a strategy of: (1) generating reliable and growing cash flows; (2) maintaining a balanced, diversified portfolio of high-quality assets; and (3) preserving our financial strength, flexibility and liquidity.

Our ability to access capital in a timely and cost effective manner is critical to the success of our business strategy because it affects our ability to satisfy existing obligations, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness, and to make future investments. Factors such as general market conditions, interest rates, credit ratings on our securities, expectations of our potential future earnings and cash distributions, and the trading price of our common stock that are beyond our control and fluctuate over time all impact our access to and cost of external capital. For that reason, we generally attempt to match the long-term duration of our investments in real property with long-term financing through the issuance of shares of our common stock or the incurrence of long-term fixed rate debt.

Operating Highlights and Key Performance Trends

2018 Highlights and Other Recent Developments

Investments and Dispositions


•	During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we received $846.7 million for the full repayment of the principal balances of ten loans receivable with a weighted average interest rate of 9.1% that were due to mature between 2018 and 2033.

•


•	In June 2018, we made a $200 million investment in senior unsecured notes issued by a subsidiary of Ardent at a price of 98.6% of par value. The notes have an effective interest rate of 10.0% and mature in 2026.


•	During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold seven seniors housing communities included in our senior living operations reportable business segment, five triple-net leased properties, nine MOBs and two vacant land parcels for aggregate consideration of $326.1 million, and we recognized a gain on the sale of these assets of $35.9 million.

Liquidity, Capital and Dividends


•	During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we paid the fourth quarterly installment of our 2017 dividend and the first and second quarterly installments of our 2018 dividend, each $0.79 per share. In September 2018, we declared the third quarterly installment of our 2018 dividend of $0.79 per share, which was paid in October 2018.


•	In February 2018, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Ventas Realty, Limited Partnership (“Ventas Realty”), issued and sold $650.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% senior notes due 2028 at a public offering price equal to 99.23% of par, for total proceeds of $645.0 million before the underwriting discount and expenses.

•


•	In February 2018, we repaid in full, at par, $700.0 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 2.00% senior notes due February 2018 upon maturity.

•

In July 2018, we entered into a new $900.0 million unsecured term loan facility priced at LIBOR plus 0.90%, that replaced and repaid in full our previous $900.0 million unsecured term loan due 2020 priced at LIBOR plus 0.975%. The new term loan facility is comprised of a $300.0 million term loan that matures in 2023 and a $600.0 million term loan that matures in 2024. The new unsecured term loan facility also includes an accordion feature that permits us to increase our aggregate borrowings thereunder to up to $1.5 billion.


•	In August 2018, Ventas Realty issued and sold $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.400% senior notes due 2029 at a public offering price equal to 99.95% of par, for total proceeds of $749.7 million before the underwriting discount and expenses.

•

September 2018, we repaid the remaining balance then outstanding of our 4.75% senior notes due 2021 of $150.5 million and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $7.6 million.

Portfolio

•

In January 2018, we transitioned the management of 76 private pay seniors housing communities to Eclipse Senior Living (“ESL”). These assets, substantially all of which were previously leased by Elmcroft Senior Living (“Elmcroft”) under triple-net leases, are now operated by ESL under a management contract with us and are included in the senior living operations reportable business segment. We acquired a 34% ownership interest in ESL with customary rights and protections, including the right to appoint two of six members to the ESL Board of Directors. ESL management owns the 66% controlling interest.

•

In April 2018, we entered into various agreements with Brookdale Senior Living that provide for, among other things: (a) a consolidation of substantially all of our multiple lease agreements with Brookdale Senior Living into one guaranteed master lease (the “Master Lease”); (b) extension of the term for substantially all of our Brookdale Senior Living leased properties until at least December 31, 2025; and (c) a restructuring of the annual cash rent for the Brookdale Senior Living leased properties. In connection with these agreements, we recognized a net non-cash expense of $21.3 million for the acceleration of straight-line rent receivables, net unamortized market lease intangibles and deferred revenues, which is included in triple-net leased rental income in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We also received a fee of $2.5 million that is being amortized over the new lease term. The agreements also contemplate the sale of certain properties under the Master Lease. However, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to successfully complete the sales on a timely basis or at all.

Concentration Risk

We use concentration ratios to identify, understand and evaluate the potential impact of economic downturns and other adverse events that may affect our asset types, geographic locations, business models, tenants, operators and managers. We evaluate concentration risk in terms of investment mix and operations mix. Investment mix measures the percentage of our investments that is concentrated in a specific asset type or that is operated or managed by a particular tenant, operator or manager. Operations mix measures the percentage of our operating results that is attributed to a particular tenant, operator or manager, geographic location or business model. The following tables reflect our concentration risk as of the dates and for the periods presented:



	As of September 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
Investment mix by asset type⁽¹⁾:
Seniors housing communities	61.7	%	60.3	%
MOBs	20.2		19.8
Life science and innovation centers	8.0		7.3
Health systems	5.6		5.3
IRFs and LTACs	1.7		1.7
SNFs	0.8		0.7
Secured loans receivable and investments, net	2.0		4.9
Investment mix by tenant, operator and manager⁽¹⁾:
Atria	22.4	%	22.3	%
Sunrise	11.2		10.8
Brookdale Senior Living	7.7		7.5
Ardent	5.2		4.9
Kindred	1.1		1.1
All other	52.4		53.4


⁽¹⁾	Ratios are based on the gross book value of consolidated real estate investments (excluding properties classified as held for sale) as of each reporting date.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Operations mix by tenant and operator and business model:
Revenues⁽¹⁾:
Senior living operations	55.4	%	51.3	%	55.0	%	51.7	%
Brookdale Senior Living⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	4.8		4.9		4.0		4.9
Ardent	3.1		3.1		3.0		3.1
Kindred⁽⁴⁾	3.5		4.7		3.4		4.9
All others	33.2		36.0		34.6		35.4
Adjusted EBITDA⁽⁵⁾:
Senior living operations	31.3	%	29.1	%	31.1	%	29.8	%
Brookdale Senior Living⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	8.2		7.7		6.2		7.7
Ardent	5.2		5.1		5.0		5.1
Kindred⁽⁴⁾	5.8		7.9		5.5		8.2
All others	49.5		50.2		52.2		49.2
Net operating income⁽⁶⁾:
Senior living operations	30.7	%	27.9	%	30.8	%	28.7	%
Brookdale Senior Living⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	8.9		8.4		7.1		8.3
Ardent	5.8		5.3		5.6		5.3
Kindred⁽⁴⁾	6.6		8.1		6.3		8.4
All others	48.0		50.3		50.2		49.3
Operations mix by geographic location⁽⁷⁾:
California	15.8	%	15.2	%	15.7	%	15.3	%
New York	8.5		8.6		8.3		8.6
Texas	6.3		5.7		6.2		5.8
Pennsylvania	4.5		4.1		4.5		4.2
Illinois	4.3		4.7		4.0		4.8
All others	60.6		61.7		61.3		61.3


⁽¹⁾	Total revenues include office building and other services revenue, revenue from loans and investments and interest and other income (excluding amounts in discontinued operations and including amounts related to assets classified as held for sale).


⁽²⁾	Excludes one seniors housing community included in senior living operations.


⁽³⁾	Includes impact of a net non-cash expense in the second quarter of 2018 of $21.3 million. See “NOTE 3-CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


⁽⁴⁾	Includes 36 SNFs that were sold during 2017.

⁽⁵⁾

“Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as consolidated earnings, which includes amounts in discontinued operations, before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (including non-cash stock-based compensation expense), excluding gains or losses on extinguishment of debt, our consolidated joint venture partners’ share of EBITDA, merger-related expenses and deal costs, expenses related to the re-audit and re-review in 2014 of our historical financial statements, net gains or losses on real estate activity, gains or losses on re-measurement of equity interest upon acquisition, changes in the fair value of financial instruments, unrealized foreign currency gains or losses, net expenses or recoveries related to natural disasters and non-cash charges related to lease terminations, and including our share of EBITDA from unconsolidated entities and adjustments for other immaterial or identified items.


⁽⁶⁾	Net operating income (“NOI”) is defined as total revenues, less interest and other income, property-level operating expenses and office building services costs (excluding amounts in discontinued operations).


⁽⁷⁾	Ratios are based on total revenues (excluding amounts in discontinued operations and including amounts related to assets classified as held for sale) for each period presented.

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional disclosure and reconciliations of income from continuing operations, as computed in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA and NOI, respectively.

Triple-Net Lease Expirations

If our tenants are not able or willing to renew our triple-net leases upon expiration, we may be unable to reposition the applicable properties on a timely basis or on the same or better economic terms, if at all. Although our lease expirations are staggered, the non-renewal of some or all of our triple-net leases that expire in any given year could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity, our ability to service our indebtedness and other obligations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, as required for us to continue to qualify as a REIT (a “Material Adverse Effect”). During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we had no triple-net lease renewals or expirations without renewal that, in the aggregate, had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations for that period.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information set forth in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), as published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions regarding future events that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base these estimates on our experience and assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, if our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions or other matters had been different, we may have applied a different accounting treatment, resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. We periodically reevaluate our estimates and assumptions, and in the event they prove to be different from actual results, we make adjustments in subsequent periods to reflect more current estimates and assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2018, for further information regarding the critical accounting policies that affect our more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Principles of Consolidation

GAAP requires us to identify entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights and to determine which business enterprise is the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). A VIE is broadly defined as an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a) the total equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance the entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support; (b) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack (i) the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities through voting or similar rights, (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (iii) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; and (c) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportional to their economic interests, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve, or are conducted on behalf of, an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. We consolidate our investment in a VIE when we determine that we are its primary beneficiary. We may change our original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affects the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary.

Accounting for Real Estate Acquisitions

On January 1, 2017, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which narrows the FASB’s definition of a business and provides a framework that gives entities a basis for making reasonable judgments about whether a transaction involves an asset or a business. ASU 2017-01 states that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the acquired asset is not a business. If this initial test is not met, an acquired asset cannot be considered a business unless it includes an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. The primary differences between business combinations and asset acquisitions include recognition of goodwill at the acquisition date and expense recognition for transaction costs as incurred. We are applying ASU 2017-01 prospectively for acquisitions after January 1, 2017.

Regardless of whether an acquisition is considered a business combination or an asset acquisition, we record the cost of the businesses or assets acquired as tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Intangibles primarily include the value of in-place leases and acquired lease contracts.

We estimate the fair value of buildings acquired on an as-if-vacant basis or replacement cost basis and depreciate the building value over the estimated remaining life of the building, generally not to exceed 35 years. We determine the fair value of other fixed assets, such as site improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment, based upon the replacement cost and depreciate such value over the assets’ estimated remaining useful lives as determined at the applicable acquisition date. We determine the value of land either by considering the sales prices of similar properties in recent transactions or based on internal analyses of recently acquired and existing comparable properties within our portfolio. We generally determine the value of construction in progress based upon the replacement cost. However, for certain acquired properties that are part of a ground-up development, we determine fair value by using the same valuation approach as for all other properties and deducting the estimated cost to complete the development. During the remaining construction period, we capitalize project costs until the development has reached substantial completion. Construction in progress, including capitalized interest, is not depreciated until the development has reached substantial completion.

The fair value of acquired lease-related intangibles, if any, reflects: (i) the estimated value of any above and/or below market leases, determined by discounting the difference between the estimated market rent and in-place lease rent; and (ii) the estimated value of in-place leases related to the cost to obtain tenants, including leasing commissions, and an estimated value of the absorption period to reflect the value of the rent and recovery costs foregone during a reasonable lease-up period as if the acquired space was vacant. We amortize any acquired lease-related intangibles to revenue or amortization expense over the remaining life of the associated lease plus any assumed bargain renewal periods. If a lease is terminated prior to its stated expiration or not renewed upon expiration, we recognize all unamortized amounts of lease-related intangibles associated with that lease in operations at that time.

We estimate the fair value of purchase option intangible assets and liabilities, if any, by discounting the difference between the applicable property’s acquisition date fair value and an estimate of its future option price. We do not amortize the resulting intangible asset or liability over the term of the lease, but rather adjust the recognized value of the asset or liability upon sale.

We estimate the fair value of tenant or other customer relationships acquired, if any, by considering the nature and extent of existing relationships with the tenant or customer, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant or customer, the tenant’s credit quality, expectations of lease renewals with the tenant, and the potential for significant, additional future leasing arrangements with the tenant, and we amortize that value over the expected life of the associated arrangements or leases, including the remaining terms of the related leases and any expected renewal periods. We estimate the fair value of

trade names and trademarks using a royalty rate methodology and amortize that value over the estimated useful life of the trade name or trademark.

In connection with an acquisition, we may assume rights and obligations under certain lease agreements pursuant to which we become the lessee of a given property. We generally assume the lease classification previously determined by the prior lessee absent a modification in the assumed lease agreement. We assess assumed operating leases, including ground leases, to determine whether the lease terms are favorable or unfavorable to us given current market conditions on the acquisition date. To the extent the lease terms are favorable or unfavorable to us relative to market conditions on the acquisition date, we recognize an intangible asset or liability at fair value and amortize that asset or liability to interest or rental expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income over the applicable lease term. We include all lease-related intangible assets and liabilities within acquired lease intangibles and accounts payable and other liabilities, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We determine the fair value of loans receivable acquired by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current interest rates at which similar loans with the same terms and length to maturity would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. We do not establish a valuation allowance at the acquisition date because the estimated future cash flows already reflect our judgment regarding their uncertainty. We recognize the difference between the acquisition date fair value and the total expected cash flows as interest income using an effective interest method over the life of the applicable loan. Subsequent to the acquisition date, we evaluate changes regarding the uncertainty of future cash flows and the need for a valuation allowance, as appropriate.

We estimate the fair value of noncontrolling interests assumed consistent with the manner in which we value all of the underlying assets and liabilities.

We calculate the fair value of long-term assumed debt by discounting the remaining contractual cash flows on each instrument at the current market rate for those borrowings, which we approximate based on the rate at which we would expect to incur a replacement instrument on the date of acquisition, and recognize any fair value adjustments related to long-term debt as effective yield adjustments over the remaining term of the instrument.

Impairment of Long-Lived and Intangible Assets

Revenue Recognition

Adoption of ASC 606

Triple-Net Leased Properties and Office Operations

Senior Living Operations

We recognize resident fees and services, other than move-in fees, monthly as services are provided. We recognize move-in fees on a straight-line basis over the average resident stay.

Other

Allowances

financial strength of the tenant and any guarantors, the historical operations and operating trends of the property, the historical payment pattern of the tenant and the type of property. If our evaluation of these factors indicates it is probable that we will be unable to receive the rent payments due in the future, we provide a reserve against the recognized straight-line rent receivable asset for the portion, up to its full value, that we estimate may not be recovered. If we change our assumptions or estimates regarding the collectability of future rent payments required by a lease, we may adjust our reserve to increase or reduce the rental revenue recognized in the period we make such change in our assumptions or estimates.

Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards

Results of Operations

engage independent operators, such as Atria and Sunrise, to manage those communities. In our office operations segment, we primarily acquire, own, develop, lease and manage MOBs and life science and innovation centers throughout the United States. Information provided for “all other” includes income from loans and investments and other miscellaneous income and various corporate-level expenses not directly attributable to any of our three reportable business segments. Assets included in “all other” consist primarily of corporate assets, including cash, restricted cash, loans receivable and investments, and miscellaneous accounts receivable.

Our chief operating decision makers evaluate performance of the combined properties in each reportable business segment and determine how to allocate resources to those segments, in significant part, based on segment NOI and related measures. For further information regarding our reportable business segments and a discussion of our definition of segment NOI, see “NOTE 15—SEGMENT INFORMATION” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The table below shows our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and the effect of changes in those results from period to period on our net income attributable to common stockholders.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						(Decrease) Increase to Net Income
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI:
Triple-net leased properties	$	190,319		$	213,495		$	(23,176	)	(10.9	)%
Senior living operations	151,839			146,102			5,737			3.9
Office operations	133,987			130,047			3,940			3.0
All other	19,019			33,488			(14,469		)	(43.2	)
Total segment NOI	495,164			523,132			(27,968		)	(5.3	)
Interest and other income	12,554			171			12,383			nm
Interest expense	(107,581		)	(113,869		)	6,288			5.5
Depreciation and amortization	(218,579		)	(213,407		)	(5,172		)	(2.4	)
General, administrative and professional fees	(39,677		)	(33,317		)	(6,360		)	(19.1	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	(39,527		)	(511		)	(39,016		)	nm
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	(4,458		)	(804		)	(3,654		)	nm
Other	(1,244		)	(13,030		)	11,786			90.5
Income before unconsolidated entities, income taxes, discontinued operations, real estate dispositions and noncontrolling interests	96,652			148,365			(51,713		)	(34.9	)
(Loss) income from unconsolidated entities	(716		)	750			(1,466		)	nm
Income tax benefit	7,327			7,815			(488		)	(6.2	)
Income from continuing operations	103,263			156,930			(53,667		)	(34.2	)
Discontinued operations	—			(19		)	19			nm
Gain on real estate dispositions	18			458,280			(458,262		)	nm
Net income	103,281			615,191			(511,910		)	(83.2	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309			1,233			(76		)	(6.2)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	101,972		$	613,958		(511,986		)	(83.4	)

nm - not meaningful

Segment NOI—Triple-Net Leased Properties

NOI for our triple-net leased properties reportable business segment equals the rental income and other services revenue earned from our triple-net assets. We incur no direct operating expenses for this segment.

The following table summarizes results of operations in our triple-net leased properties reportable business segment, including assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018, but excluding assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				Decrease to Segment NOI
	2018		2017		$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI—Triple-Net Leased Properties:
Rental income	$	190,117	$	212,370	$	(22,253	)	(10.5	)%
Other services revenue	202		1,125		(923		)	(82.0	)
Segment NOI	$	190,319	$	213,495	(23,176		)	(10.9	)

The decrease in our triple-net leased properties rental income in the third quarter of 2018 over the same period in 2017 is attributable primarily to the sale of 36 Kindred SNF properties during 2017, the first quarter 2018 transition of 75 private pay seniors housing communities from triple-net leased properties to senior living operations and a decrease in management fees related to the July 2018 sale of our 25% interest in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture consisting principally of SNFs.

In our triple-net leased properties segment, our revenues generally consist of fixed rental amounts (subject to annual contractual escalations) received from our tenants in accordance with the applicable lease terms. However, occupancy rates may affect the profitability of our tenants’ operations. The following table sets forth average continuing occupancy rates related to the triple-net leased properties we owned at September 30, 2018 for the second quarter of 2018 (which is the most recent information available to us from our tenants) and average continuing occupancy rates related to the triple-net leased properties we owned at September 30, 2017 for the second quarter of 2017.



	Number of Properties Owned at September 30, 2018	Average Occupancy for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	Number of Properties Owned at September 30, 2017	Average Occupancy for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Seniors housing communities ⁽¹⁾	360	84.5%	437	85.8%
SNFs⁽¹⁾	17	84.7	17	86.0
IRFs and LTACs ⁽¹⁾	36	56.7	38	58.8

⁽¹⁾

Excludes properties included in discontinued operations and properties sold or classified as held for sale, non-stabilized properties, properties owned through investments in unconsolidated entities and certain properties for which we do not receive occupancy information. Also excludes properties acquired during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and properties that transitioned operators for which we do not have five full quarters of results subsequent to the transition.

The following table compares results of operations for our 434 same-store triple-net leased properties, unadjusted for foreign currency movements between comparison periods. With regard to our triple-net leased properties segment, “same-store” refers to properties owned, consolidated, operational and reported under a consistent business model for the full period in both comparison periods, excluding assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase to Segment NOI
	2018		2017		$		%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Same-Store Segment NOI—Triple-Net Leased Properties:
Rental income	$	187,157	$	180,553	$	6,604	3.7	%
Segment NOI	$	187,157	$	180,553	6,604		3.7

Segment NOI—Senior Living Operations

The following table summarizes results of operations in our senior living operations reportable business segment, including assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018, but excluding assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI—Senior Living Operations:
Resident fees and services	$	518,560		$	461,700		$	56,860		12.3	%
Less: Property-level operating expenses	(366,721		)	(315,598		)	(51,123		)	(16.2	)
Segment NOI	$	151,839		$	146,102		5,737			3.9



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Average Occupancy for the Three Months Ended September 30,				Average Monthly Revenue Per Occupied Room For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Total communities	356	293	87.1	%	88.3	%	$	5,632	$	5,761

Resident fees and services include all amounts earned from residents at our seniors housing communities, such as rental fees related to resident leases, extended health care fees and other ancillary service income. Property-level operating expenses related to our senior living operations segment include labor, food, utilities, marketing, management and other costs of operating the properties.

The increase in our senior living operations segment NOI in the third quarter of 2018 over the same period in 2017 is attributable primarily to the first quarter 2018 transition of 75 private pay seniors housing communities from triple-net leased properties to senior living operations.

The following table compares results of operations for our 277 same-store senior living operating communities, unadjusted for foreign currency movements between periods. With regard to our senior living operations segment, “same-store” refers to properties owned, consolidated, operational and reported under a consistent business model for the full period in both comparison periods, excluding properties that transitioned operators since the start of the prior comparison period, assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Same-Store Segment NOI—Senior Living Operations:
Resident fees and services	$	446,686		$	444,217		$	2,469		0.6	%
Less: Property-level operating expenses	(309,023		)	(302,778		)	(6,245		)	(2.1	)
Segment NOI	$	137,663		$	141,439		(3,776		)	(2.7	)



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Average Occupancy for the Three Months Ended September 30,				Average Monthly Revenue Per Occupied Room For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Same-store communities	277	277	87.8	%	88.5	%	$	5,884	$	5,807

Segment NOI—Office Operations

The following table summarizes results of operations in our office operations reportable business segment, including assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018, but excluding assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI—Office Operations:
Rental income	$	193,911		$	189,506		$	4,405		2.3	%
Office building services revenue	2,175			1,568			607			38.7
Total revenues	196,086			191,074			5,012			2.6
Less:
Property-level operating expenses	(61,668		)	(60,609		)	(1,059		)	(1.7	)
Office building services costs	(431		)	(418		)	(13		)	(3.1	)
Segment NOI	$	133,987		$	130,047		3,940			3.0



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Occupancy at September 30,				Annualized Average Rent Per Occupied Square Foot for the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Total office buildings	385	389	89.8	%	91.6	%	$	33	$	32

The following table compares results of operations for our 358 same-store office buildings. With regard to our office operations segment, “same-store” refers to properties owned, consolidated, operational and reported under a consistent business model for the full period in both comparison periods, excluding assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018, assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations and redevelopment assets.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Same-Store Segment NOI—Office Operations:
Rental income	$	171,912		$	169,299		$	2,613		1.5	%
Less: Property-level operating expenses	(53,638		)	(52,565		)	(1,073		)	(2.0	)
Segment NOI	$	118,274		$	116,734		1,540			1.3



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Occupancy at September 30,				Annualized Average Rent Per Occupied Square Foot for the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Same-store office buildings	358	358	92.3	%	92.8	%	$	32	$	31

All Other

Information provided for all other segment NOI includes income from loans and investments and other miscellaneous income not directly attributable to any of our three reportable business segments. The $14.5 million decrease in income from loans and investments for the three months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is primarily due to reduced interest related to the $700.0 million term loan that we made to Ardent in March 2017, which was fully repaid in June 2018.

Interest and Other Income

The $12.4 million increase in interest and other income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is primarily due to a $12.3 million fee received in connection with certain July 2018 Kindred transactions. See “NOTE 3-CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Interest Expense

The $6.3 million decrease in total interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 is attributable primarily to a decrease of $13.1 million due to lower debt balances, partially offset by an increase of $6.8 million due to a higher effective interest rate, including the amortization of any fair value adjustments. Our effective interest rate was 4.0% and 3.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense related to continuing operations increased $5.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to asset acquisitions, net of dispositions.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt, Net

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due primarily to the redemption and repayment of $700 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 4.75% senior notes due 2021 in the third quarter of 2018.

Other

The $11.8 million decrease in other expense during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 is primarily due to 2017 expenses and impairments related to natural disasters.

Gain on Real Estate Dispositions

The gain on real estate dispositions for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $458.3 million over the same period in 2017 due primarily to the sale of 22 triple-net leased properties in August 2017.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The table below shows our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and the effect of changes in those results from period to period on our net income attributable to common stockholders.



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						(Decrease) Increase to Net Income
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI:
Triple-net leased properties	$	551,150		$	638,410		$	(87,260	)	(13.7	)%
Senior living operations	472,249			449,835			22,414			5.0
Office operations	402,514			390,552			11,962			3.1
All other	108,304			86,478			21,826			25.2
Total segment NOI	1,534,217			1,565,275			(31,058		)	(2.0	)
Interest and other income	24,535			854			23,681			nm
Interest expense	(331,973		)	(336,245		)	4,272			1.3
Depreciation and amortization	(675,363		)	(655,298		)	(20,065		)	(3.1	)
General, administrative and professional fees	(113,507		)	(100,560		)	(12,947		)	(12.9	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	(50,411		)	(856		)	(49,555		)	nm
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	(26,288		)	(8,903		)	(17,385		)	nm
Other	(7,891		)	(16,066		)	8,175			50.9
Income before unconsolidated entities, income taxes, discontinued operations, real estate dispositions and noncontrolling interests	353,319			448,201			(94,882		)	(21.2	)
(Loss) income from unconsolidated entities	(47,826		)	3,794			(51,620		)	nm
Income tax benefit	11,303			13,119			(1,816		)	(13.8	)
Income from continuing operations	316,796			465,114			(148,318		)	(31.9	)
Discontinued operations	(10		)	(95		)	85			89.5
Gain on real estate dispositions	35,893			502,288			(466,395		)	(92.9	)
Net income	352,679			967,307			(614,628		)	(63.5	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	5,485			3,391			(2,094		)	(61.8	)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	347,194		$	963,916		(616,722		)	(64.0	)

nm - not meaningful

Segment NOI—Triple-Net Leased Properties



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,				Decrease to Segment NOI
	2018		2017		$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI—Triple-Net Leased Properties:
Rental income	$	548,628	$	634,955	$	(86,327	)	(13.6	)%
Other services revenue	2,522		3,455		(933		)	(27.0	)
Segment NOI	$	551,150	$	638,410	(87,260		)	(13.7	)

The decrease in our triple-net leased properties rental income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is attributable primarily to the sale of 36 Kindred SNF properties during 2017, the first quarter 2018 transition of 75 private pay seniors housing communities from triple-net leased properties to senior living operations, the second quarter 2018 non-cash expense of $21.3 million related to the new Brookdale lease agreements and a decrease in

management fees related to the July 2018 sale of our 25% interest in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture consisting principally of SNFs.

The following table compares results of operations for our 415 same-store triple-net leased properties, unadjusted for foreign currency movements between comparison periods. With regard to our triple-net leased properties segment, “same-store” refers to properties that we owned for the full period in both comparison periods, excluding assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations.



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,				Decrease to Segment NOI
	2018		2017		$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Same-Store Segment NOI—Triple-Net Leased Properties:
Rental income	$	516,576	$	519,220	$	(2,644	)	(0.5	)%
Segment NOI	$	516,576	$	519,220	(2,644		)	(0.5	)

The decrease in our same-store triple-net leased properties rental income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is attributable primarily to the second quarter 2018 non-cash expense of $21.3 million related to the new Brookdale lease agreements, partially offset by contractual escalations in rent pursuant to the terms of our leases and increases in base and other rent under certain of our leases.

Segment NOI—Senior Living Operations



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI—Senior Living Operations:
Resident fees and services	$	1,552,302		$	1,386,131		$	166,171		12.0	%
Less: Property-level operating expenses	(1,080,053		)	(936,296		)	(143,757		)	(15.4	)
Segment NOI	$	472,249		$	449,835		22,414			5.0



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Average Unit Occupancy For the Nine Months Ended September 30,				Average Monthly Revenue Per Occupied Room For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Total communities	356	293	86.7	%	88.2	%	$	5,666	$	5,722

The increase in our senior living operations segment NOI during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is attributable primarily to the first quarter 2018 transition of 75 private pay seniors housing communities from triple-net leased properties to senior living operations.



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Same-Store Segment NOI—Senior Living Operations:
Resident fees and services	$	1,339,331		$	1,326,672		$	12,659		1.0	%
Less: Property-level operating expenses	(911,600		)	(893,401		)	(18,199		)	(2.0	)
Segment NOI	$	427,731		$	433,271		(5,540		)	(1.3	)



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Average Unit Occupancy For the Nine Months Ended September 30,				Average Monthly Revenue Per Occupied Room For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Same-store communities	277	277	87.3	%	88.5	%	$	5,915	$	5,780

Segment NOI—Office Operations



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Segment NOI—Office Operations:
Rental income	$	580,471		$	561,641		$	18,830		3.4	%
Office building services revenue	5,785			5,347			438			8.2
Total revenues	586,256			566,988			19,268			3.4
Less:
Property-level operating expenses	(182,662		)	(174,728		)	(7,934		)	(4.5	)
Office building services costs	(1,080		)	(1,708		)	628			36.8
Segment NOI	$	402,514		$	390,552		11,962			3.1



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Occupancy at September 30,				Annualized Average Rent Per Occupied Square Foot For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Total office buildings	385	389	89.8	%	91.7	%	$	32	$	32

The following table compares results of operations for our 357 same-store office buildings. With regard to our office operations segment, “same-store” refers to properties owned, consolidated, operational and reported under a consistent business model for the full period in both comparison periods, excluding assets sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018, assets whose operations were classified as discontinued operations and redevelopment assets.



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease) to Segment NOI
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Same-Store Segment NOI—Office Operations:
Rental income	$	502,921		$	498,560		$	4,361		0.9	%
Less: Property-level operating expenses	(154,643		)	(151,492		)	(3,151		)	(2.1	)
Segment NOI	$	348,278		$	347,068		1,210			0.3



	Number of Properties at September 30,		Occupancy September 30,				Annualized Average Rent Per Occupied Square Foot For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018		2017		2018		2017
Same-store office buildings	357	357	92.2	%	92.8	%	$	32	$	31

All Other

The $21.8 million increase in income from loans and investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is primarily due to the second quarter 2018 income from the full repayment of the $700.0 million term loan that we made to Ardent in March 2017.

Interest and Other Income

The $23.7 million increase in interest and other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is primarily due to a payment received that was not previously expected to be collected and the $12.3 million fee received in connection with certain July 2018 Kindred transactions. See “NOTE 3-CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Interest Expense

The $4.3 million decrease in total interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is attributable primarily to a decrease of $21.9 million due to lower debt balances, partially offset by an increase of $17.6 million due to a higher effective interest rate, including the amortization of any fair value adjustments. Our effective interest rate was 3.9% and 3.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense related to continuing operations increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to asset acquisitions, net of dispositions, and carrying value adjustments on five MOBs reclassified from held for sale to continuing operations during the first quarter of 2018.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt, Net

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was due primarily to the redemption and repayment of the $600.0 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 4.00% senior notes due April 2019 in the first quarter of 2018 and the redemption and repayment of $700 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 4.75% senior notes due 2021 in the third quarter of 2018.

Merger-Related Expenses and Deal Costs

The $17.4 million increase in merger-related expenses and deal costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 was due primarily to costs associated with the transition of the management of 76 private pay seniors housing communities to ESL during the first quarter of 2018.

Other

The $8.2 million decrease in other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is primarily due to 2017 expenses and impairments related to natural disasters, partially offset by increased foreign currency exchange losses.

(Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Entities

The $51.6 million decrease in income from unconsolidated entities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is due to our share of Ardent’s losses on the extinguishment of debt resulting from its debt refinancing and a $35.7 million impairment relating to the carrying costs of one of our equity investments in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture consisting principally of SNF’s. In July 2018, we sold our 25% interest to our joint venture partner and received $57.5 million at closing.

Gain on Real Estate Dispositions

The $466.4 million decrease in gain on real estate dispositions to $35.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is due primarily to the sale of 22 triple-net leased properties in August 2017.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

The increase in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is primarily due to a gain on the disposition of a property held within a joint venture.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We consider certain non-GAAP financial measures to be useful supplemental measures of our operating performance. A non-GAAP financial measure is a measure of historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are not so excluded from or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Described below are the non-GAAP financial measures used by management to evaluate our operating performance and that we consider most useful to investors, together with reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

The non-GAAP financial measures we present in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not be comparable to those presented by other real estate companies due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definitions. You should not consider these measures as alternatives to net income or income from continuing operations (both determined in accordance with GAAP) as indicators of our financial performance or as alternatives to cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as measures of our liquidity, nor are these measures necessarily indicative of sufficient cash flow to fund all of our needs. In order to facilitate a clear understanding of our consolidated historical operating results, you should examine these measures in conjunction with net income and income from continuing operations as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial data included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations

Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. However, since real estate values historically have risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors deem presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. For that reason, we consider Funds From Operations (“FFO”) and normalized FFO to be appropriate supplemental measures of operating performance of an equity REIT. In particular, we believe that normalized FFO is useful because it allows investors, analysts and our management to compare our operating performance to the operating performance of other real estate companies and between periods on a consistent basis without having to account for differences caused by non-recurring items and other non-operational events such as transactions and litigation. In some cases, we provide information about identified non-cash components of FFO and normalized FFO because it allows investors, analysts and our management to assess the impact of those items on our financial results.

We use the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) definition of FFO. NAREIT defines FFO as net income attributable to common stockholders (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of real estate property, including gains or losses on re-measurement of equity method investments, and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate, plus real estate depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect

FFO on the same basis. We define normalized FFO as FFO excluding the following income and expense items (which may be recurring in nature): (a) merger-related costs and expenses, including amortization of intangibles, transition and integration expenses, and deal costs and expenses, including expenses and recoveries relating to acquisition lawsuits; (b) the impact of any expenses related to asset impairment and valuation allowances, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees, or additional costs, expenses, discounts, make-whole payments, penalties or premiums incurred as a result of early retirement or payment of our debt; (c) the non-cash effect of income tax benefits or expenses, the non-cash impact of changes to our executive equity compensation plan, derivative transactions that have non-cash mark-to-market impacts on our Consolidated Statements of Income and non-cash charges related to lease terminations; (d) the financial impact of contingent consideration, severance-related costs and charitable donations made to the Ventas Charitable Foundation; (e) gains and losses for non-operational foreign currency hedge agreements and changes in the fair value of financial instruments; (f) gains and losses on non-real estate dispositions and other unusual items related to unconsolidated entities; (g) expenses related to the re-audit and re-review in 2014 of our historical financial statements and related matters; and (h) net expenses or recoveries related to natural disasters. We believe that income from continuing operations is the most comparable GAAP measure because it provides insight into our continuing operations.

The following table summarizes our FFO and normalized FFO for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The decrease in normalized FFO for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 is due primarily to asset dispositions, partially offset by improved property performance, income related to the second quarter 2018 full repayment of the $700.0 million term loan that we made to Ardent in March 2017 and the $12.3 million fee received in connection with certain July 2018 Kindred transactions. See “NOTE 3-CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Income from continuing operations	$	103,263		$	156,930		$	316,796		$	465,114
Discontinued operations	—			(19		)	(10		)	(95		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	18			458,280			35,893			502,288
Net income	103,281			615,191			352,679			967,307
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309			1,233			5,485			3,391
Net income attributable to common stockholders	101,972			613,958			347,194			963,916
Adjustments:
Real estate depreciation and amortization	217,116			211,784			670,703			650,092
Real estate depreciation related to noncontrolling interests	(1,718		)	(1,911		)	(5,305		)	(5,723		)
Real estate depreciation related to unconsolidated entities	723			855			2,055			3,500
Impairment on equity method investments	—			—			35,708			—
Gain on real estate dispositions related to unconsolidated entities	(875		)	(986		)	(875		)	(1,045		)
Gain on re-measurement of equity interest upon acquisition, net	—			—			—			(3,027		)
Gain on real estate dispositions related to noncontrolling interests	—			18			1,508			18
Gain on real estate dispositions	(18		)	(458,280		)	(35,893		)	(502,288		)
FFO attributable to common stockholders	317,200			365,438			1,015,095			1,105,443
Adjustments:
Change in fair value of financial instruments	42			8			(4		)	(122		)
Non-cash income tax benefit	(8,166		)	(8,515		)	(13,483		)	(15,619		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	39,489			486			55,183			936
Gain on non-real estate dispositions related to unconsolidated entities	(16		)	(22		)	(12		)	(34		)
Merger-related expenses, deal costs and re-audit costs	4,985			2,741			31,770			12,906
Amortization of other intangibles	121			328			639			1,131
Other items related to unconsolidated entities	632			1,207			4,357			1,699
Non-cash impact of changes to equity plan	448			1,372			3,321			4,082
Non-cash charges related to lease terminations	—			—			21,299			—
Natural disaster expenses (recoveries), net	93			9,810			(211		)	9,810
Normalized FFO attributable to common stockholders	$	354,828		$	372,853		$	1,117,954		$	1,120,232

Adjusted EBITDA

We consider Adjusted EBITDA an important supplemental measure because it provides another manner in which to evaluate our operating performance and serves as another indicator of our credit strength and our ability to service our debt obligations. We define Adjusted EBITDA as consolidated earnings, which includes amounts in discontinued operations, before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (including non-cash stock-based compensation expense), excluding gains or losses on extinguishment of debt, our consolidated joint venture partners’ share of EBITDA, merger-related expenses and deal costs, expenses related to the re-audit and re-review in 2014 of our historical financial statements, net gains or losses on real estate activity, gains or losses on re-measurement of equity interest upon acquisition, changes in the fair value of financial instruments, unrealized foreign currency gains or losses, net expenses or recoveries related to natural disasters and non-cash charges related to lease terminations, and including our share of EBITDA from unconsolidated entities and adjustments for other immaterial or identified items. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of income from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Income from continuing operations	$	103,263		$	156,930		$	316,796		$	465,114
Discontinued operations	—			(19		)	(10		)	(95		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	18			458,280			35,893			502,288
Net income	103,281			615,191			352,679			967,307
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309			1,233			5,485			3,391
Net income attributable to common stockholders	101,972			613,958			347,194			963,916
Adjustments:
Interest	107,581			113,869			331,973			336,245
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	39,527			511			50,411			856
Taxes (including tax amounts in general, administrative and professional fees)	(6,379		)	(8,130		)	(8,588		)	(11,629		)
Depreciation and amortization	218,579			213,407			675,363			655,298
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense	6,488			6,527			20,761			19,923
Merger-related expenses, deal costs and re-audit costs	4,317			2,092			29,286			11,001
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of consolidated joint venture partners’ share of EBITDA	(2,861		)	(3,278		)	(7,460		)	(9,788		)
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities, net of Ventas share of EBITDA from unconsolidated entities	8,465			6,660			67,968			20,797
Gain on real estate dispositions	(18		)	(458,280		)	(35,893		)	(502,288		)
Unrealized foreign currency (gains) losses	(225		)	210			487			(899		)
Change in fair value of financial instruments	38			6			(26		)	(142		)
Gain on re-measurement of equity interest upon acquisition, net	—			—			—			(3,027		)
Non-cash charges related to lease terminations	—			—			21,299			—
Natural disaster expenses (recoveries), net	93			9,810			(211		)	9,810
Adjusted EBITDA	$	477,577		$	497,362		$	1,492,564		$	1,490,073

NOI

We also consider NOI an important supplemental measure because it allows investors, analysts and our management to assess our unlevered property-level operating results and to compare our operating results with those of other real estate companies and between periods on a consistent basis. We define NOI as total revenues, less interest and other income, property-level operating expenses and office building services costs. Cash receipts may differ due to straight-line recognition of certain rental income and the application of other GAAP policies. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of income from continuing operations to NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Income from continuing operations	$	103,263		$	156,930		$	316,796		$	465,114
Discontinued operations	—			(19		)	(10		)	(95		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	18			458,280			35,893			502,288
Net income	103,281			615,191			352,679			967,307
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309			1,233			5,485			3,391
Net income attributable to common stockholders	101,972			613,958			347,194			963,916
Adjustments:
Interest and other income	(12,554		)	(171		)	(24,535		)	(854		)
Interest	107,581			113,869			331,973			336,245
Depreciation and amortization	218,579			213,407			675,363			655,298
General, administrative and professional fees	39,677			33,317			113,507			100,560
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net	39,527			511			50,411			856
Merger-related expenses and deal costs	4,458			823			26,298			8,998
Other	1,244			13,030			7,891			16,066
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,309			1,233			5,485			3,391
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	716			(750		)	47,826			(3,794		)
Income tax benefit	(7,327		)	(7,815		)	(11,303		)	(13,119		)
Gain on real estate dispositions	(18		)	(458,280		)	(35,893		)	(502,288		)
NOI	$	495,164		$	523,132		$	1,534,217		$	1,565,275

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2018, we had a total of $86.1 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, operating cash and cash related to our senior living operations and office operations reportable business segments that is deposited and held in property-level accounts. Funds maintained in the property-level accounts are used primarily for the payment of property-level expenses, debt service payments and certain capital expenditures. As of September 30, 2018, we also had escrow deposits and restricted cash of $62.4 million, $2.5 billion of unused borrowing capacity available under our unsecured revolving credit facility and $336.2 million of unused borrowing capacity available under our secured revolving construction credit facility.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our principal sources of liquidity were cash flows from operations, proceeds from the issuance of debt securities, borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility, proceeds from asset sales and cash on hand.

For the next 12 months, our principal liquidity needs are to: (i) fund operating expenses; (ii) meet our debt service requirements; (iii) repay maturing mortgage and other debt; (iv) fund capital expenditures; (v) fund acquisitions, investments and commitments, including development and redevelopment activities; and (vi) make distributions to our stockholders and unitholders, as required for us to continue to qualify as a REIT. We expect that these liquidity needs generally will be satisfied by a combination of the following: cash flows from operations, cash on hand, debt assumptions and financings (including secured financings), issuances of debt and equity securities, dispositions of assets (in whole or in part through joint venture arrangements with third parties) and borrowings under our revolving credit facilities. However, an inability to access liquidity through multiple capital sources concurrently could have a Material Adverse Effect on us.

Credit Facilities and Unsecured Term Loans

Senior Notes

In February 2018, Ventas Realty issued and sold $650.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% senior notes due 2028 at a public offering price equal to 99.23% of par, for total proceeds of $645.0 million before the underwriting discount and expenses.

In February 2018, we repaid in full, at par, $700.0 million aggregate principal amount then outstanding of our 2.00% senior notes due 2018 upon maturity.

Mortgages

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we repaid in full mortgage loans outstanding in the aggregate principal amounts of $324.6 million and $307.5 million, respectively.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our sources and uses of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						(Decrease) Increase to Cash
	2018			2017			$			%
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	188,253		$	367,354		$	(179,101	)	(48.8	)%
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,017,622			1,082,225			(64,603		)	(6.0	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	664,945			(710,410		)	1,375,355			nm
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,721,820		)	(578,254		)	(1,143,566		)	nm
Effect of foreign currency translation	(453		)	670			(1,123		)	nm
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	148,547		$	161,585		(13,038		)	(8.1	)

nm - not meaningful

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities decreased $64.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 due primarily to 2017 asset dispositions and 2018 transaction costs related to operator transitions, partially offset by the second quarter 2018 income related to the full repayment of the $700.0 million term loan that we made to Ardent in March 2017 and a $12.3 million fee received in the third quarter of 2018 in connection with certain July 2018 Kindred transactions. See “NOTE 3-CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities decreased $1.4 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 primarily due to decreased investment in real estate property and loans receivable during 2018 and the second quarter 2018 full repayment of the $700.0 million term loan that we made to Ardent in March 2017, partially offset by decreased proceeds from real estate disposals principally due to the 2017 sale of 36 SNFs owned by us and operated by Kindred.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash flows used in financing activities increased $1.1 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 primarily due to higher debt repayments during 2018.

Capital Expenditures

The terms of our triple-net leases generally obligate our tenants to pay all capital expenditures necessary to maintain and improve our triple-net leased properties. However, from time to time, we may fund the capital expenditures for our triple-net leased properties through loans or advances to the tenants, which may increase the amount of rent payable with respect to the properties in certain cases. We may also fund capital expenditures for which we may become responsible upon expiration of our triple-net leases or in the event that our tenants are unable or unwilling to meet their obligations under those leases. We also expect to fund capital expenditures related to our senior living operations and office operations reportable business segments with the cash flows from the properties or through additional borrowings. We expect that these liquidity needs generally will be satisfied by a combination of the following: cash flows from operations, cash on hand, debt assumptions and financings (including secured financings), issuances of debt and equity securities, dispositions of assets (in whole or in part through joint venture arrangements with third parties) and borrowings under our revolving credit facilities.

To the extent that unanticipated capital expenditure needs arise or significant borrowings are required, our liquidity may be affected adversely. Our ability to borrow additional funds may be restricted in certain circumstances by the terms of the instruments governing our outstanding indebtedness.

We are party to certain agreements that obligate us to develop seniors housing or healthcare properties funded through capital that we and, in certain circumstances, our joint venture partners provide. As of September 30, 2018, we had 16 properties under development pursuant to these agreements, including five properties that are owned by unconsolidated real estate entities. In addition, from time to time, we engage in redevelopment projects with respect to our existing seniors housing communities to maximize the value, increase NOI, maintain a market-competitive position, achieve property stabilization or change the primary use of the property.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The following discussion of our exposure to various market risks contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These projected results have been prepared utilizing certain assumptions considered reasonable in light of information currently available to us. Nevertheless, because of the inherent unpredictability of interest rates and other factors, actual results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking information.

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates with respect to borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and our unsecured term loan, certain of our mortgage loans that are floating rate obligations, mortgage loans receivable that bear interest at floating rates and marketable debt securities. These market risks result primarily from changes in LIBOR rates or prime rates. To manage these risks, we continuously monitor our level of floating rate debt with respect to total debt and other factors, including our assessment of current and future economic conditions.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of our secured and non-mortgage loans receivable, based on our estimates of currently prevailing rates for comparable loans, was $502.6 million and $1.3 billion, respectively.

The fair value of our fixed and variable rate debt is based on current interest rates at which we could obtain similar borrowings. For fixed rate debt, interest rate fluctuations generally affect the fair value, but not our earnings or cash flows. Therefore, interest rate risk does not have a significant impact on our fixed rate debt obligations until their maturity or earlier prepayment and refinancing. If interest rates have risen at the time we seek to refinance our fixed rate debt, whether at maturity or otherwise, our future earnings and cash flows could be adversely affected by additional borrowing costs. Conversely, lower interest rates at the time of refinancing may reduce our overall borrowing costs.

To highlight the sensitivity of our fixed rate debt to changes in interest rates, the following summary shows the effects of a hypothetical instantaneous change of 100 basis points in interest rates as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



	As of September 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	(In thousands)
Gross book value	$	8,976,089	$	9,428,886
Fair value⁽¹⁾	8,822,321		9,640,893
Fair value reflecting change in interest rates⁽¹⁾:
-100 basis points	9,345,845		10,148,313
+100 basis points	8,350,437		9,184,409


⁽¹⁾	The change in fair value of our fixed rate debt from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018 was due primarily to 2018 senior note and mortgage repayments, partially offset by 2018 senior note issuances.

The table below sets forth certain information with respect to our debt, excluding premiums and discounts.



	As of September 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017			As of September 30, 2017
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance:
Fixed rate:
Senior notes	$	7,794,542		$	8,218,369		$	8,226,610
Unsecured term loans	400,000			200,000			200,000
Mortgage loans and other ⁽¹⁾	781,547			1,010,517			1,158,576
Variable rate:
Senior notes	200,000			400,000			400,000
Unsecured revolving credit facility	514,353			535,832			538,911
Unsecured term loans	500,000			700,000			700,000
Secured revolving construction credit facility	63,806			2,868			—
Mortgage loans and other ⁽¹⁾	329,752			298,047			287,521
Total	$	10,584,000		$	11,365,633		$	11,511,618
Percentage of total debt:
Fixed rate:
Senior notes	73.6		%	72.3		%	71.4		%
Unsecured term loans	3.8			1.8			1.7
Mortgage loans and other ⁽¹⁾	7.4			8.9			10.1
Variable rate:
Senior notes	1.9			3.5			3.5
Unsecured revolving credit facility	4.9			4.7			4.7
Unsecured term loans	4.7			6.2			6.1
Secured revolving construction credit facility	0.6			0.0			—
Mortgage loans and other ⁽¹⁾	3.1			2.6			2.5
Total	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%
Weighted average interest rate at end of period:
Fixed rate:
Senior notes	3.8		%	3.7		%	3.7		%
Unsecured term loans	2.9			2.1			2.1
Mortgage loans and other ⁽¹⁾	4.7			5.2			5.4
Variable rate:
Senior notes	3.3			2.3			2.3
Unsecured revolving credit facility	2.9			2.3			2.0
Unsecured term loans	3.0			2.3			2.2
Secured revolving construction credit facility	3.9			3.1			—
Mortgage loans and other ⁽¹⁾	3.1			2.9			2.2
Total	3.7			3.6			3.6


⁽¹⁾	Excludes mortgage debt of $13.7 million and $57.4 million related to real estate assets classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, which was included in liabilities related to assets held for sale on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The variable rate debt in the table above reflects, in part, the effect of $349.6 million notional amount of interest rate swaps with maturities ranging from March 2022 to January 2023, in each case that effectively convert fixed rate debt to variable rate debt. In addition, the fixed rate debt in the table above reflects, in part, the effect of $506.4 million notional

amount of interest rate swaps with maturities ranging from April 2019 to September 2027, in each case that effectively convert variable rate debt to fixed rate debt.

The decrease in our outstanding variable rate debt at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 is primarily attributable to August 2018 interest rate swap activity.

Assuming a 100 basis point increase in the weighted average interest rate related to our variable rate debt and assuming no change in our variable rate debt outstanding as of September 30, 2018, interest expense for 2018 would increase by approximately $14.8 million, or $0.04 per diluted common share.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our joint venture partners’ aggregate share of total debt was $102.5 million and $76.7 million, respectively, with respect to certain properties we owned through consolidated joint ventures. Total debt does not include our portion of debt related to investments in unconsolidated entities, which was $39.2 million and $90.3 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

As a result of our Canadian and United Kingdom operations, we are subject to fluctuations in certain foreign currency exchange rates that may, from time to time, affect our financial condition and operating performance. Based solely on our results for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (including the impact of existing hedging arrangements), if the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound and Canadian dollar were to increase or decrease by one standard deviation compared to the average exchange rate during the year, our normalized FFO per share for the three and nine months of 2018 would decrease or increase, as applicable, by less than $0.01 per share or 1%. We will continue to mitigate these risks through a layered approach to hedging looking out for the next year and continual assessment of our foreign operational capital structure. Nevertheless, we cannot assure you that any such fluctuations will not have an effect on our earnings.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of September 30, 2018, at the reasonable assurance level.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the third quarter of 2018, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information contained in NOTE 11. ''LITIGATION'' of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference into this Item 1. Except as set forth therein, there have been no new material legal proceedings and no material developments in the legal proceedings reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We do not have a publicly announced repurchase plan or program in effect. The table below summarizes other repurchases of our common stock made during the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

⁽¹⁾

Repurchases represent shares withheld to pay taxes on the vesting of restricted stock granted to employees under our 2006 Incentive Plan or 2012 Incentive Plan or restricted stock units granted to employees under the Nationwide Health Properties, Inc. (“NHP”) 2005 Performance Incentive Plan and assumed by us in connection with our acquisition of NHP. The value of the shares withheld is the closing price of our common stock on the date the vesting or exercise occurred (or, if not a trading day, the immediately preceding trading day) or the fair market value of our common stock at the time of exercise, as the case may be.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Effective as of October 28, 2018, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC will no longer act as a Sales Agent pursuant to the ATM Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement, dated July 31, 2018, among the Company, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, UBS Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K which are filed with this report are listed below.




Exhibit Number	Description of Document	Location of Document

10.1	Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated as of July 26, 2018 among Ventas Realty, Limited Partnership, as Borrower, Ventas, Inc., as Guarantor, the Lenders identified therein and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent.	Filed herewith.
12.1	Statement Regarding Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges.	Filed herewith.
31.1	Certification of Debra A. Cafaro, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.	Filed herewith.
31.2	Certification of Robert F. Probst, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.	Filed herewith.
32.1	Certification of Debra A. Cafaro, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. § 1350.	Filed herewith.
32.2	Certification of Robert F. Probst, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. § 1350.	Filed herewith.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	Filed herewith.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Filed herewith.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 26, 2018



	VENTAS, INC.

	By:	/s/ DEBRA A. CAFARO
		Debra A. Cafaro Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

	By:	/s/ ROBERT F. PROBST
		Robert F. Probst Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Number of Shares
Repurchased ⁽¹⁾

Average Price
Per Share

July 1 through July 31

August 1 through August 31

September 1 through September 30