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Veritex Holdings
VBTX
#5124
Rank
$1.65 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$30.26
Share price
0.00%
Change (1 day)
18.85%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. Veritex Holdings
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2020 Q1

Veritex Holdings - 10-Q quarterly report FY2020 Q1


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             .
Commission File Number: 001-36682
VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas 27-0973566
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer
incorporation or organization) identification no.)
   
8214 Westchester Drive, Suite 800  
Dallas,Texas 75225
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(972)349-6200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01VBTXNasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☒ Accelerated filer ☐
   
Non-accelerated filer☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 6, 2020, there were 50,378,796 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share.


VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
9
48
70
72
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION 
73
73
74
75
75
75
75
76

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Item 1. Financial Statements
3

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands, except par value information) 
March 31,December 31,
20202019
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks$70,007  $65,151  
Interest bearing deposits in other banks360,835  186,399  
Total cash and cash equivalents430,842  251,550  
Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value1,084,962  964,365  
Debt securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $35,513 and $34,810, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)32,842  32,965  
Equity securities18,948  14,697  
Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas Stock and Federal Reserve Bank Stock92,809  68,348  
Investment in trusts1,018  1,018  
Total investments1,230,579  1,081,393  
Loans held for sale15,048  14,080  
Loans held for investment, mortgage warehouse371,161  183,628  
Loans held for investment5,853,735  5,737,577  
Less: Allowance for credit losses(100,983) (29,834) 
Total loans held for investment, net6,123,913  5,891,371  
Bank-owned life insurance81,395  80,915  
Bank premises, furniture and equipment, net116,056  118,536  
Other real estate owned7,720  5,995  
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $22,946 and $19,997, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)69,444  72,263  
Goodwill370,840  370,840  
Other assets85,787  67,994  
Total assets$8,531,624  $7,954,937  
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Deposits:  
Noninterest-bearing deposits$1,549,260  $1,556,500  
Interest-bearing transaction and savings deposits2,536,865  2,654,972  
Certificates and other time deposits1,713,820  1,682,878  
Total deposits5,799,945  5,894,350  
Accounts payable and other liabilities56,339  37,427  
Accrued interest payable5,407  6,569  
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank1,377,832  677,870  
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes140,406  145,571  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase2,426  2,353  
Total liabilities7,382,355  6,764,140  
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)   
Stockholders’ equity:  
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 55,372,286 and 54,876,580 shares issued at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 49,557,364 and 51,063,869 shares outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively554  549  
Additional paid-in capital1,119,757  1,117,879  
Retained earnings127,812  147,911  
Accumulated other comprehensive income45,306  19,061  
Treasury stock, 5,814,922 and 3,812,711 shares at cost at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
(144,160) (94,603) 
Total stockholders’ equity1,149,269  1,190,797  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$8,531,624  $7,954,937  


See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20202019
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees$77,861  $85,747  
Investment securities7,397  7,232  
Deposits in financial institutions and Fed Funds sold871  1,554  
Other investments850  691  
Total interest and dividend income86,979  95,224  
Interest expense:
Transaction and savings deposits6,552  10,366  
Certificates and other time deposits8,240  8,792  
Advances from FHLB2,879  2,055  
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes1,903  1,094  
Total interest expense19,574  22,307  
Net interest income67,405  72,917  
Provision for credit losses31,776  5,012  
Provision for unfunded commitments3,881  —  
Net interest income after provision for credit losses31,748  67,905  
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts3,642  3,517  
Loan fees845  1,677  
Loss on sales of investment securities—  (772) 
Net gain on sales of loans and other assets owned746  2,370  
Rental income551  368  
Other1,463  1,324  
Total noninterest income7,247  8,484  
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits18,870  18,885  
Occupancy and equipment4,273  4,129  
Professional and regulatory fees2,196  3,418  
Data processing and software expense2,089  1,924  
Marketing1,083  619  
Amortization of intangibles2,696  2,760  
Telephone and communications319  395  
Merger and acquisition expense—  31,217  
Other4,019  3,646  
Total noninterest expense35,545  66,993  
Income before income tax (benefit) expense3,450  9,396  
Income tax (benefit) expense (684) 1,989  
Net income$4,134  $7,407  
Basic earnings per share$0.08  $0.14  
Diluted earnings per share$0.08  $0.13  
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
Net income$4,134  $7,407  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale:
Change in net unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale during the period28,487  11,797  
Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income—  (772) 
Net unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale28,487  12,569  
Net unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges3,732  —  
Other comprehensive income, before tax32,219  12,569  
Income tax expense5,974  2,623  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax26,245  9,946  
Comprehensive income$30,379  $17,353  

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


6


VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
 Common StockTreasury StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income 		 
 SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Balance at December 31, 201951,063,869  $549  3,812,711  $(94,603) $1,117,879  $147,911  $19,061  $1,190,797  
Restricted stock units vested, net of 18,679 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings68,832  1  —  —  (603) —  —  (602) 
Exercise of employee stock options, net of 98,836 and 139,715 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings and exercise price, respectively416,874  4  —  —  414  —  —  418  
Stock warrants exercised10,000  —  —  —  109  —  —  109  
Stock buyback(2,002,211) —  2,002,211  (49,557) —  —  —  (49,557) 
Stock based compensation—  —  —  —  1,958  —  —  1,958  
Net income—  —  —  —  —  4,134  —  4,134  
Dividends paid—  —  —  —  —  (8,728) —  (8,728) 
CECL impact on date of adoption—  —  —  —  —  (15,505) —  (15,505) 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  —  —  26,245  26,245  
Balance at March 31, 202049,557,364  $554  5,814,922  $(144,160) $1,119,757  $127,812  $45,306  $1,149,269  

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 Common StockTreasury StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income		 
 SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Balance at December 31, 201824,253,894  $243  10,000  $(70) $449,427  $83,968  $(2,930) $530,638  
Issuance of common shares in connection with the acquisition of Green Bancorp, Inc. ("Green"), net of offering costs of $78829,532,957  295  —  —  630,332  —  —  630,627  
Issuance of common stock in connection with the acquisition of Green for vested restricted stock units, net of 25,872 shares for taxes497,594  5  —  —  12,479  —  —  12,484  
Restricted stock units vested, net of 52,720 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings194,735  2  —  —  (1,281) —  —  (1,279) 
Exercise of employee stock options, net of 9,946 shares withheld to cover taxes73,468  1  —  —  872  —  —  873  
Stock buyback(316,600) (3) 316,600  (7,729) —  —  —  (7,732) 
Stock based compensation—  —  —  —  17,557  —  —  17,557  
Net income—  —  —  —  —  7,407  —  7,407  
Dividends paid—  —  —  —  —  (6,816) —  (6,816) 
Other comprehensive loss—  —  —  —  —  —  9,946  9,946  
Balance at March 31, 201954,236,048  $543  326,600  $(7,799) $1,109,386  $84,559  $7,016  $1,193,705  

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$4,134  $7,407  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangibles4,087  4,006  
Net accretion of time deposit premium, debt discount, net and debt issuance costs(588) (2,936) 
Provision for credit losses31,776  5,012  
Provision for unfunded commitments3,881  —  
Accretion of loan purchase discount(4,320) (6,516) 
Stock-based compensation expense1,958  17,557  
Compensation expense - liability-classified awards—  708  
Excess tax benefit from stock compensation(1,388) (25) 
Net amortization of premiums on investment securities895  502  
Unrealized loss (gain) on equity securities recognized in earnings249  (136) 
Change in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance(480) (492) 
Net loss on sales of investment securities—  772  
Change in fair value of held for sale Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans using fair value option(165) (62) 
Gain on sales of mortgage loans held for sale142  (113) 
Gain on sales of SBA loans604  (2,195) 
Originations of loans held for sale(11,634) (6,918) 
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale10,689  9,709  
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable and other assets(13,141) 3,733  
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities and accrued interest payable 13,031  (12,156) 
Net cash provided by operating activities39,730  17,876  
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Cash received in excess of cash paid for the acquisition of Green—  112,710  
Purchases of securities available for sale(200,682) (146,134) 
Sales of securities available for sale—  108,865  
Proceeds from maturities, calls and pay downs of available for sale securities107,743  21,620  
Maturity, calls and paydowns of securities held to maturity57  —  
Purchases of other investments, net(28,712) (12,478) 
Net loans originated(291,262) 6,244  
Proceeds from sale of SBA loans8,384  24,534  
Net additions to bank premises and equipment1,342  (2,590) 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(403,130) 112,771  
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Net change in deposits(93,983) 214,816  
Net change in advances from Federal Home Loan Bank699,962  (75,037) 
Redemption of subordinated debt(5,000) —  
Net change in securities sold under agreement to repurchase73  (448) 
Payments to tax authorities for stock-based compensation
(3,606) (1,279) 
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options3,422  873  
Proceeds from exercise of stock warrants109  —  
Purchase of treasury stock(49,557) (7,732) 
Dividends paid(8,728) (6,816) 
Net cash provided by financing activities542,692  124,377  
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents179,292  255,024  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period251,550  84,449  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$430,842  $339,473  
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts) 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Organization
Veritex Holdings, Inc. (“Veritex” or the “Company”), a Texas corporation and bank holding company, was incorporated in July 2009 and was formed for the purpose of acquiring one or more financial institutions located in Dallas, Texas and surrounding areas.
Veritex, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Veritex Community Bank (the “Bank”), is a Texas state banking organization, with corporate offices in Dallas, Texas, and currently operates 25 branches and one mortgage office located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, 12 branches in the Houston metropolitan area and one branch in Louisville, Kentucky. The Bank provides a full range of banking services to individual and corporate customers, which include commercial and retail lending, and the acceptance of checking and savings deposits. The Texas Department of Banking and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are the primary regulators of the Company and the Bank, and both perform periodic examinations to ensure regulatory compliance.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Veritex and the Bank, its wholly owned subsidiary.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), but do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. In management’s opinion, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, condensed consolidated stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and condensed consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Certain prior period balances have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Accounting measurements at interim dates inherently involve greater reliance on estimates than at year end and the results for the interim periods shown herein are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year due in part to global economic and financial market conditions, interest rates, access to sources of liquidity, market competition and interruptions of business processes. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2020.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions may also affect disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Segment Reporting
        The Company has one reportable segment. All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each activity of the Company supports the others. For example, lending is dependent upon the ability of the Company to fund itself with deposits and borrowings while managing interest rate and credit risk. Accordingly, all significant operating decisions are based upon an analysis of the Bank as one segment or unit. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, uses the consolidated results to make operating and strategic decisions.
9

Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share (“EPS”) are based upon the Company’s weighted-average shares outstanding. The table below sets forth the reconciliation between weighted average shares used for calculating basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
Earnings (numerator)
Net income$4,134  $7,407  
Shares (denominator)
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic EPS50,725  54,293  
Dilutive effect of employee stock-based awards331  1,146  
Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding51,056  55,439  
EPS:
Basic$0.08  $0.14  
Diluted$0.08  $0.13  

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were 1,341 antidilutive shares excluded from the diluted EPS weighted average shares outstanding. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, there were no antidilutive shares excluded from the diluted EPS weighted average shares outstanding.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet (“OBS”) credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. In addition, Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, net investments in leases and OBS credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $15,505 as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets were adjusted to reflect the addition of $19,710 of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The remaining noncredit discount will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate. As allowed by ASC 326, the Company elected to maintain pools of loans accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether modifications to individual acquired financial assets accounted for in pools were troubled debt restructurings as of the date of adoption.

10

The following table illustrates the impact of ASC 326.


January 1, 2020
As Reported
Under
ASC 326		Pre-ASC 326
Adoption		Impact of ASC 326 Adoption
Assets:
Allowance for credit losses on debt securities held-to-maturity$—  $—  $—  
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Construction and land3,760  3,822  (62) 
Farmland65  61  4  
1 - 4 family residential6,002  1,378  4,624  
Multi-family residential2,593  1,965  628  
Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate13,066  1,978  11,088  
Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate15,314  8,139  7,175  
Commercial27,729  12,369  15,360  
Consumer442  122  320  
Allowance for credit losses on loans$68,971  $29,834  $39,137  
Liabilities:
Allowance for credit losses on OBS credit exposures$1,718  $878  840  

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment for all entities by requiring impairment charges to be based on the first step in the previous two-step impairment test. Under the new guidance, if a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an entity will record an impairment charge based on that difference. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard eliminates the prior requirement to calculate a goodwill impairment charge using Step 2, which requires an entity to calculate any impairment charge by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount. ASU 2017-04 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements by requiring that Level 3 fair value disclosures include the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop those fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information in lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) - Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by these amendments. ASU 2018-15 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

11

On March 22 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, (“the agencies”) issued an Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus. The interagency statement was effective immediately and impacted accounting for loan modification using ASC 310-40. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief, are not to be considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress. Section 4013 of the CARES Act provides financial institutions with an option to suspend the application of ASC 310-40 to eligible loan restructurings. A loan restructuring is eligible under Section 4013 if the loan restructuring is related to COVID-19, if the loan was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and if the restructuring occurs between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of 60 days after the termination of the national emergency or December 31, 2020. If a loan restructuring is not eligible under Section 4013, or if the financial institution does not elect to avail itself of the optional relief in Section 4013, the financial institution should evaluate the loan restructuring under ASC 310-40 considering the guidance in the interagency statement.

For the month ending March 31, 2020, the Company had 85 modifications of loans with aggregate principal balances totaling $57,807 that qualified for temporary suspension of TDR requirements under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. The majority of these modifications allow 90-day deferment of principal and/or interest payments. More of these types of modifications are likely to be executed in the second quarter of 2020.

Debt Securities

Debt securities that the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity, are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities classified as available for sale have been accounted for as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes. Management determines the appropriate classification of investment securities at the time of purchase.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premiums and discounts over the period to maturity using a level-yield method, except for premiums on callable debt securities, which are amortized to their earliest call date. Realized gains and losses are recorded on the sale of debt securities in noninterest income.

The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of debt securities and report accrued interest separately in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become more than 90 days delinquent or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. There was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Available for Sale Securities

For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For debt securities available for sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income.

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Changes in the ACL are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an available for sale security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Held to Maturity Securities

Management measures expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accrued interest receivable on held to maturity debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Management classifies the held to maturity portfolio into the following major security types: mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and municipal securities. All of the mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations held by the Company are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses.

Loans Held for Investment

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost, net of the ACL. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts, fair value hedge accounting adjustments, deferred loan fees and costs. The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and report accrued interest separately from the related loan balance in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Interest on loans is recognized using the effective-interest method on the daily balances of the principal amounts outstanding. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they come due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received in cash. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Acquired Loans

Prior to January 1, 2020, loans acquired in a business combination that had evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable were considered purchased credit impaired. PCI loans were accounted for individually or aggregated into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics such as credit grade, loan type, and date of origination.

All loans considered to be PCI loans prior to January 1, 2020 were converted to PCD loans upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 326. The Company elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. Loans are only removed from the existing pools if they are foreclosed, written off, paid off, or sold. Upon adoption of ASC 326, the ACL was determined for each loan or pool and added to the loan or pool's carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the loan or pool and the new amortized cost basis is the noncredit premium or discount which will be accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool. Changes to the ACL after adoption are recorded through provision expense.

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Subsequent to January 1, 2020, loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered PCD loans. At the acquisition date, an estimate of expected credit losses is made for groups of PCD loans with similar risk characteristics and individual PCD loans without similar risk characteristics. This initial ACL is allocated to individual PCD loans and added to the purchase price or acquisition date fair values to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD loans. As the initial ACL is added to the purchase price, there is no credit loss expense recognized upon acquisition of a PCD loan. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance of PCD loans and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to noncredit factors and results in a discount or premium. Discounts and premiums are recognized through interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans.

For acquired loans not deemed purchased credit deteriorated at acquisition, the differences between the initial fair value and the unpaid principal balance are recognized as interest income on a level-yield basis over the lives of the related loans. At the acquisition date, an initial allowance for expected credit losses is estimated and recorded as credit loss expense.

The subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for all acquired loans is the same as the subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for originated loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans.

The Company estimates the ACL on loans based on the underlying assets’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the financing receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the ACL through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a financial asset to be uncollectible the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a financial asset is deemed uncollectible; however, an asset will typically be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.

The Company measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis, when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. Depending on the nature of the pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, the Company uses a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method or a loss-rate method to estimate expected credit losses. The Company will utilize a probability of default/loss given default (PD/LGD) model to estimate expected credit losses for our PCD loans and pools.

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the ACL take into account available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed.

The Company has identified the following pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for measuring expected credit losses:

Real Estate — This category of loans consists of the following loan types:

Construction and land — This category of loans consists of loans to finance the ground up construction, improvement and/or carrying for sale after the completion of construction of owner occupied and non-owner occupied residential and commercial properties, and loans secured by raw or improved land. The repayment of construction loans is generally dependent upon the successful completion of the improvements by the builder for the end user, or sale of the property to a third party. Repayment of land secured loans are dependent upon the successful development and sale of the property, the sale of the land as is, or the outside cash flow of the owners to support the retirement of the debt.

Farmland — These loans are principally loans to purchase farmland.
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1-4 family residential — This category of loans includes both first and junior liens on residential real estate. Home equity revolving lines of credit and home equity term loans are included in this group of loans.

Multi-family residential — This category of loans is primarily secured by non-owner occupied apartment or multifamily residential buildings. Generally, these types of loans are thought to involve a greater degree of credit risk than owner occupied commercial real estate as they are more sensitive to adverse economic conditions.

Owner occupied commercial real estate (“OOCRE”) — This category of loans includes real estate loans for a variety of commercial property types and purposes. The repayment of real estate loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loans or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s real estate portfolio are generally diverse in terms of type and geographic location, throughout the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and Houston metropolitan area. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that may affect any single market or industry.

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate (“NOOCRE”) — This category of loans includes investment real estate loans that are primarily secured by office and industrial buildings, retail shopping centers and various special purpose properties. Generally, these types of loans are thought to involve a greater degree of credit risk than OOCRE as they are more sensitive to adverse economic conditions.

Commercial — This category of loans is for commercial, corporate and business purposes. The Company’s commercial business loan portfolio is comprised of loans for a variety of purposes and across a variety of industries. These loans include general commercial and industrial loans, loans to purchase capital equipment, agriculture operating loans and other business loans for working capital and operational purposes. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory.

Mortgage warehouse - Mortgage warehouse facilities are provided to unaffiliated mortgage origination companies and are collateralized by 1-4 family residential loans. The originator closes new mortgage loans with the intent to sell these loans to third party investors for a profit. The Company provides funding to the mortgage companies for the period between the origination and their sale of the loan. The Company is repaid with the proceeds received from sale of the mortgage loan to the final investor.

Consumer — This category of loans is used for personal use typically for consumer purposes.

Collateral Dependent Financial Assets

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent financial assets where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the asset as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized costs basis of the financial asset exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the financial asset.

For collateralized financial assets that are not collateral dependent, the Company will consider the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, and historical loss information for financial assets secured with similar collateral to determine the ACL.

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Troubled-debt Restructurings (TDRs)

From time to time, the Company may modify its loan agreement with a borrower. A modified loan is considered a TDR, using Accounting Standards Codification 310-40, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” (“ASC 310-40”), when two conditions are met: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (ii) concessions are made by the Company that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower with similar credit risk characteristics. Modifications to loan terms may include a lower interest rate, a reduction of principal, or a longer term to maturity. The ACL on a TDR is measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment, except that the original interest rate is used to discount the expected cash flows, not the rate specified within the restructuring. In addition, when management has a reasonable expectation of executing a TDR the expected effect of the modification is included in the estimate of the ACL.

Contractual Term

The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected TDR.

Discounted Cash Flow Method

The Company uses the DCF method to estimate expected credit losses for the commercial real estate, construction, land development, land, 1-4 family residential, commercial (excluding liquid credit and premium finance), and consumer loan pools. For each of these loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data.

The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime probability of default and loss given default. This analysis also determines how expected probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. For all loan pools utilizing the DCF method, management utilizes and forecasts Texas unemployment as a loss driver. Management also utilizes and forecasts either one-year percentage change in Texas gross domestic product or one-year percentage change in the commercial real estate property index as a second loss driver depending on the nature of the underlying loan pool and how well that loss driver correlates to expected future losses.

For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over four quarters on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by management when developing the forecast metrics.

The combination of adjustments for credit expectations (default and loss) and timing expectations (prepayment, curtailment, and time to recovery) produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce an instrument-level net present value of expected cash flows (“NPV”). An ACL is established for the difference between the instrument’s NPV and amortized cost basis. The ACL is further increased for qualitative loss factors based on management's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

Loss-Rate Method

The Company uses a loss-rate method to estimate expected credit losses for its farmland and mortgage warehouse loan pool. For this loan segment, the Company applies an expected loss ratio based on internal and peer historical losses adjusted as appropriate for qualitative factors. Qualitative loss factors are based on management's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

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Probability of Default/Loss Given Default Method

The Company uses the PD/LGD method to estimate expected credit losses for the construction and land, 1-4 family residential, OOCRE, NOOCRE, commercial and consumer PCD loan pools. For each of these loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, time to recovery, probability of default, and loss given default.

The combination of adjustments for credit expectations (default and loss) and timing expectations (prepayment and time to recovery) produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. An ACL is established for the difference between the instrument’s undiscounted cash flows and amortized cost basis. The ACL is further increased for qualitative loss factors based on management's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

Loan Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and standby letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

The Company records an ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancellable, through a charge to provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the CECL model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur, and is included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative Financial Instruments (Not Designated as Accounting Hedges)
The Company has entered into certain derivative instruments pursuant to a customer accommodation program under which the Company enters into an interest rate swap, cap or collar agreement with a commercial customer and an agreement with offsetting terms with a correspondent bank. These derivative instruments are not designated as accounting hedges and the changes in net fair value are recognized in noninterest income or expense on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income and the fair value amounts are included in other assets and accounts payable and other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative Financial Instruments (Designated as Cash Flow Hedges)

Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. The Company uses interest rate swaps, floors, caps and collars to manage overall cash flow changes related to interest rate risk exposure on benchmark interest rate loans. The entire change in the fair value related to the derivative instrument is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income when the forecasted transaction affects income.
.
The Company assesses the “effectiveness” of hedging derivatives on the date an arrangement was entered into and on a prospective basis at least quarterly. Hedge “effectiveness” is determined by the extent to which changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument offset changes in the fair value, cash flows or carrying value attributable to the risk being hedged. If the relationship between the change in the fair value of the derivative instrument and the change in the hedged item falls within a range considered to be the industry norm, the hedge is considered “highly effective” and qualifies for hedge accounting. A hedge is “ineffective” if the relationship between the changes falls outside the acceptable range. In that case, hedge accounting is discontinued on a prospective basis. The time value of the option is excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and is recognized in earnings using a straight-line amortization method over the life of the hedge arrangement. Gains or losses resulting from the termination or sale of a derivative accounted for as a cash flow hedge remain in other comprehensive income and are accreted or amortized to earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship unless the forecasted transaction becomes probable of not occurring.

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Goodwill
        Goodwill resulting from a business combination represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for potential impairment annually on October 31 of each fiscal year or when a triggering event occurs. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company has an unconditional option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative goodwill impairment test, and the Company may resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company proceeds to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative goodwill impairment test, used to identify both the existence of potential impairment and the amount of impairment loss, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Any such adjustments to goodwill are reflected in the results of operations in the periods in which they become known. The Company evaluated events and circumstances as of March 31, 2020 and determined that it was not more likely than not that impairment existed as of that date. The Company recorded no impairments of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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2. Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows
Other supplemental cash flow information is presented below: 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
(in thousands)
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:  
Cash paid for interest$18,489  $14,975  
Cash paid for income taxes2,330  —  
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Flow Information:  
Setup of ROU asset and lease liability upon adoption of ASC 842$—  $9,380  
Reclassification of deferred offering costs paid in 2018 from other assets to additional paid in capital—  788  
Reclassification of lease intangibles, cease-use liability and deferred rent liability to ROU asset upon adoption of ASC 842—  (48) 
Net foreclosure of other real estate owned and repossessed assets1,725  —  
Non-cash assets acquired in business combination
Investment securities$—  $661,032  
Non-marketable equity securities—  40,287  
Loans held for sale—  9,360  
Loans held for investment—  3,245,492  
Accrued interest receivable—  11,673  
Bank-owned life insurance—  56,841  
Bank premises, furniture and equipment—  39,426  
Investment in trusts—  666  
Intangible assets, net—  65,718  
Goodwill—  206,821  
Other assets  —  12,245  
Right of use asset—  9,373  
Deferred taxes—  11,535  
Current taxes—  1,799  
Assets held for sale—  85,307  
Total assets$—  $4,457,575  
Non-cash liabilities assumed in business combination
Non-interest-bearing deposits$—  $825,364  
Interest-bearing deposits—  1,300,825  
Certificates and other time deposits—  1,346,915  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
—  26,587  
Lease liability—  9,373  
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities—  5,181  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase—  3,226  
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank—  300,000  
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes—  56,233  
Liabilities held for sale—  52,682  
Total liabilities$—  $3,926,386  

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3. Share Transactions 
        On January 28, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors (the “Board”) originally authorized a stock buyback program (the "Stock Buyback Program") pursuant to which the Company could, from time to time, purchase up to $50,000 of its outstanding common stock in the aggregate. The Board authorized increases of $50,000 on September 3, 2019 and $75,000 on December 12, 2019, resulting in an aggregate authorization to purchase up to $175,000 under the Stock Buyback Program. The Board also authorized an extension of the original expiration date of the Stock Buyback Program from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The shares may be repurchased in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time, depending upon market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Stock Buyback Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any share and the program may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time prior to its expiration.

        During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 2,002,211 shares were repurchased through the Stock Buyback Program and held as treasury stock at an average price of $24.78. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, 316,600 shares were repurchased through the Stock Buyback Program and held as treasury stock at an average price of $24.42.

4. Securities
Equity Securities With a Readily Determinable Fair Value
The Company held equity securities with a fair value of $15,373 and $11,122 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company had no realized gains or losses on equity securities with a readily determinable fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The gross unrealized (loss) gain recognized on equity securities with readily determinable fair values recorded in other noninterest income in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
Unrealized (loss) gain recognized on equity securities with a readily determinable fair value$(249) $136  
Equity Securities Without a Readily Determinable Fair Value
The Company held equity securities without a readily determinable fair values and measured at cost of $3,575 and $3,575 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Debt Securities
Debt securities have been classified in the condensed consolidated balance sheets according to management’s intent. The amortized cost, related gross unrealized gains and losses, and the fair value of available for sale and held to maturity securities are as follows:
 March 31, 2020
 Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Allowance for Credit LossesFair Value
Available for sale
Corporate bonds$107,802  $4,592  $298  $—  $112,096  
Municipal securities97,945  5,332  246  —  103,031  
Mortgage-backed securities313,077  19,020  —  —  332,097  
Collateralized mortgage obligations450,490  18,700  300  —  468,890  
Asset-backed securities64,927  3,921  —  —  68,848  
 $1,034,241  $51,565  $844  $—  $1,084,962  


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March 31, 2020
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueAllowance for Credit Losses
Held to maturity
Mortgage-backed securities$8,589  $783  $—  $9,372  $—  
Collateralized mortgage obligations1,784  152  —  1,936  —  
Municipal securities22,469  1,736  —  24,205  —  
$32,842  $2,671  $—  $35,513  $—  
        
The Company did not transfer any securities from available for sale to held to maturity at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
 December 31, 2019
 Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair Value
Available for sale
Corporate bonds$76,997  $1,974  $—  $78,971  
Municipal securities74,956  3,724  —  78,680  
Mortgage-backed securities288,938  9,512  260  298,190  
Collateralized mortgage obligations431,276  6,465  1,503  436,238  
Asset-backed securities69,964  2,322  —  72,286  
 $942,131  $23,997  $1,763  $964,365  
Held to maturity
Mortgage-backed securities$8,621  $452  $—  $9,073  
Collateralized mortgage obligations1,809  43  —  1,852  
Municipal securities22,535  1,350  —  23,885  
$32,965  $1,845  $—  $34,810  

The following tables disclose the Company’s available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:
 March 31, 2020
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotals
 Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss
Available for sale
Corporate bonds$14,134  $298  $—  $—  $14,134  $298  
Municipal securities17,120  246  —  —  17,120  246  
Mortgage-backed securities24,425  300  —  —  24,425  300  
 $55,679  $844  $—  $—  $55,679  $844  

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 December 31, 2019
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotals
 FairUnrealizedFairUnrealizedFairUnrealized
 ValueLossValueLossValueLoss
Available for sale
Municipal securities$468  $1  $—  $—  $468  $1  
Mortgage-backed securities28,883  370  —  —  28,883  370  
Collateralized mortgage obligations109,749  1,392  —  —  109,749  1,392  
 $139,100  $1,763  $—  $—  $139,100  $1,763  

Management evaluates available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
The number of available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position totaled 10 and 11 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Management does not have the intent to sell any of these securities and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2020, management believes that the unrealized losses detailed in the previous table are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no losses have been recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income.
        The amortized costs and estimated fair values of securities available for sale, by contractual maturity, as of the dates indicated, are shown in the table below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities typically are issued with stated principal amounts, and the securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans and other loans that have varying maturities. The terms of mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities thus approximates the terms of the underlying mortgages and loans and can vary significantly due to prepayments. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories below.
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March 31, 2020
Available for SaleHeld to Maturity
Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value		Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Due in one year or less$—  $—  $—  $—  
Due from one year to five years4,912  5,042  —  —  
Due from five years to ten years105,390  109,583  2,833  2,974  
Due after ten years95,445  100,502  19,636  21,231  
205,747  215,127  22,469  24,205  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations763,567  800,987  10,373  11,308  
Asset-backed securities64,927  68,848  —  —  
$1,034,241  $1,084,962  $32,842  $35,513  

22

December 31, 2019
Available for SaleHeld to Maturity
Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value		Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Due in one year or less$—  $—  $—  $—  
Due from one year to five years4,904  5,100  —  —  
Due from five years to ten years74,596  76,403  1,204  1,219  
Due after ten years72,453  76,148  21,331  22,666  
151,953  157,651  22,535  23,885  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations720,214  734,428  10,430  10,925  
Asset-backed securities69,964  72,286  —  —  
$942,131  $964,365  $32,965  $34,810  
        Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale and gross gains and losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Proceeds from sales$—  $108,865  
Gross realized gains—  1  
Gross realized losses—  772  

        As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders' equity. There was a blanket floating lien on all debt securities held by the Company to secure Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

5. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
Loans Held for Investment
Loans held for investment in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are summarized as follows:
 March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Loans held for investment:
Real estate:        
Construction and land$566,470  $629,374  
Farmland14,930  16,939  
1 - 4 family residential536,892  549,811  
Multi-family residential388,374  320,041  
OOCRE723,839  706,782  
NOOCRE1,828,386  1,784,201  
Commercial1,777,603  1,712,838  
Mortgage warehouse371,161  183,628  
Consumer15,771  17,457  
6,223,426  5,921,071  
Deferred loan costs, net1,470  134  
Allowance for credit losses(100,983) (29,834) 
Total loans held for investment$6,123,913  $5,891,371  
23

Included in the net loan portfolio as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was an accretable discount related to purchased performing and PCD loans, previously called PCI loans prior to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-13, acquired within a business combination in the approximate amounts of $25,167 and $57,811, respectively. The discount is being accreted into income on a level-yield basis over the life of the loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $3,260 and $4,355, respectively, of accretion on non-PCD loans into interest income. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $1,060 and $2,545, respectively, of accretion on PCD/PCI loans into interest income. In addition, included in the net loan portfolio as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is a discount on retained loans from sale of originated SBA loans of $2,264 and $2,193, respectively.
The majority of the Company’s loan portfolio consists of loans to businesses and individuals in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area. This geographic concentration subjects the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within these areas. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the adequacy of the ACL. Management believes the ACL was adequate to cover estimated losses on loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected troubled debt restructuring. The activity in the ACL related to loans held for investment is as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
 Construction and LandFarmlandResidentialMultifamilyOOCRENOOCRECommercialConsumerTotal
Balance at beginning of year$3,822  $61  $1,378  $1,965  $1,978  $8,139  $12,369  $122  $29,834  
Impact of adopting ASC 326 non-PCD loans(707) 4  3,716  628  3,406  5,138  7,025  217  19,427  
Impact of adoption ASC 326 PCD loans645  —  908  —  7,682  2,037  8,335  103  19,710  
Credit loss expense non-PCD loans2,965  (7) 2,488  2,306  918  9,955  10,226  (15) 28,836  
Credit loss expense PCD loans113  —  (173) —  2,477  412  126  (15) 2,940  
Charge-offs—  —  —  —  —  —  —  (68) (68) 
Recoveries—  —  1  —  —  —  29  274  304  
Ending Balance$6,838  0$58  $8,318  $4,899  $16,461  $25,681  $38,110  $618  $100,983  


 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 Construction and LandFarmlandResidentialMultifamilyOOCRENOOCRECommercialConsumerTotal
Balance at beginning of year$2,188  $56  $1,614  $361  $1,393  $5,070  $8,554  $19  $19,255  
Credit Loss Expense501  6  (5) (80) 124  626  3,785  55  5,012  
Charge-offs—  —  —  —  —  —  (2,654) (74) (2,728) 
Recoveries—  —  8  —  —  —  10  46  64  
Ending Balance$2,689  $62  $1,617  $281  $1,517  $5,696  $9,695  $46  $21,603  


24

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of March 31, 2020:



 
Business Assets1
Real Property1
ACL Allocation
Real estate:            
Construction and land$785  $—  $93  
1 - 4 family residential—  594  13  
OOCRE—  3,927  —  
NOOCRE—  18,904  —  
Commercial13,647  —  5,815  
Consumer56  —  —  
Total$14,488  $23,425  $5,921  
1 Loans reported exclude PCD loans that transitioned upon adoption of ASC 326. Refer to Note 1 for further discussion.


The following table presents loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as PCD loans, and their respective allowance for credit loss allocations as of December 31, 2019, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-13:
 December 31, 2019
 Real Estate   
 Construction,
Land and
Farmland		ResidentialCommercial Real EstateCommercialConsumerTotal
Loans individually evaluated for impairment$567  $156  $21,644  $5,188  $61  $27,616  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment641,799  865,927  2,372,485  1,869,259  17,267  5,766,737  
PCD loans3,947  3,769  96,854  22,019  129  126,718  
Total$646,313  $869,852  $2,490,983  $1,896,466  $17,457  $5,921,071  
ACL Allocations
Loans individually evaluated for impairment$128  $37  $395  $1,042  $—  $1,602  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment3,755  3,306  9,702  10,754  122  27,639  
PCD loans—  —  20  573  —  593  
Total$3,883  $3,343  $10,117  $12,369  $122  $29,834  

25

The following table presents information on impaired loans as of December 31, 2019, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-13: 
 
December 31, 2019(1)
 Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance 		Recorded
Investment
with No
Allowance		Recorded
Investment
with
Allowance		Total
Recorded
Investment		Related
Allowance		Average
Recorded
Investment
YTD
Real estate:                        
Construction and land$567  $—  $567  $567  $128  $1,793  
Farmland—  —  —  —  —  —  
1 - 4 family residential156  —  156  156  37  158  
Multi-family residential—  —  —  —  —  —  
Commercial real estate21,644  21,040  604  21,644  395  22,529  
Commercial5,188  2,011  3,177  5,188  1,042  8,546  
Consumer61  61  —  61  —  62  
Total$27,616  $23,112  $4,504  $27,616  $1,602  $33,088  
(1) Loans reported exclude PCI loans.

Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement.. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Non-accrual loans aggregated by class of loans, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were as follows:
 March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
NonaccrualNonaccrual With No ACLNonaccrualNonaccrual With No ACL
Real estate:        
Construction and land$785  $—  $567  $—  
Farmland—  —  —  —  
1 - 4 family residential912  912  1,581  1,581  
Multi-family residential—  —  —  —  
OOCRE3,794  3,794  3,029  2,778  
NOOCRE18,876  18,876  18,876  18,876  
Commercial14,395  2,852  5,672  2,747  
Mortgage warehouse—  —  —  —  
Consumer74  74  54  54  
Total$38,836  $26,508  $29,779  $26,036  
        There were no PCD loans included in non-accrual loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
        During the three months ended March 31, 2020, interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans was $173. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans, excluding PCI loans, was $151.

26

        An age analysis of past due loans, aggregated by class of loans, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, is as follows:

 March 31, 2020
 30 to 59 Days60 to 89 Days90 Days or GreaterTotal Past DueTotal CurrentPCDTotal
Loans
Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing(1)
Real estate:                            
Construction and land$327  $1,322  $—  $1,649  $559,216  $5,605  $566,470  $—  
Farmland—  —  —  —  14,930  —  14,930  —  
1 - 4 family residential4,400  62  210  4,672  527,410  4,810  536,892  210  
Multi-family residential—  —  —  —  388,374  —  388,374  —  
OOCRE1,471  1  1,992  3,464  720,375  63,182  723,839  1,992  
NOOCRE3,773  —  —  3,773  1,771,909  52,704  1,828,386  —  
Commercial16,433  1,295  2,545  20,273  1,727,278  30,052  1,777,603  2,545  
Mortgage warehouse—  —  —  —  371,161  —  371,161  —  
Consumer135  4  17  156  15,386  229  15,771  17  
Total$26,539  $2,684  $4,764  $33,987  $6,096,039  $156,582  $6,223,426  $4,764  
(1) Loans 90 days past due and still accruing excludes $68,325 of PCD loans as of March 31, 2020 that transitioned upon adoption of ASC 326. Refer to Note 1 for further discussion.

 December 31, 2019
 30 to 59 Days60 to 89 Days90 Days or GreaterTotal Past DueTotal CurrentPCDTotal
Loans
Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing(1)
Real estate:                            
Construction and land$—  $—  $—  $—  $629,374  $3,947  $629,374  $800  
Farmland—  —  —  —  16,939  —  16,939  —  
1 - 4 family residential2,595  520  1,155  4,270  541,772  3,769  549,811  959  
Multi-family residential—  —  —  —  320,041  —  320,041  —  
Commercial real estate12  3,834  868  4,714  2,389,415  96,854  2,490,983  511  
Commercial3,572  1,707  1,497  6,776  1,684,043  22,019  1,712,838  1,317  
Mortgage warehouse —  —  —  —  183,628  —  183,628  —  
Consumer30  2,641  140  2,811  14,646  129  17,457  73  
Total$6,209  $8,702  $3,660  $18,571  $5,779,858  $126,718  $5,921,071  $3,660  
(1) Loans 90 days past due and still accruing excludes $41,328 of PCD loans as of December 31, 2019.

Loans past due 90 days and still accruing increased to $4,764 as of March 31, 2020. These loans are also considered well-secured, and are in the process of collection with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current or to subsequently be renewed. The Company believes that it will collect all principal and interest due on each of the loans past due 90 days and still accruing.
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Modifications of terms for the Company’s loans and their inclusion as TDRs are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as TDRs may involve a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or deferral of principal payments, regardless of the period of the modification. The recorded investment in TDRs was $3,142 and $2,142 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
27

        The following table presents the pre- and post-modification amortized cost of loan modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2020. There were no new TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company did not grant principal reductions or interest rate concessions on any TDRs.


 Extended Amortization PeriodPayment DeferralsTotal ModificationsNumber of Loans
Commercial$—  $970  $970  1  
Total$—  $970  $970  $1  

There were no loans modified as TDR loans within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. A default for purposes of this disclosure is a TDR loan in which the borrower is 90 days past due or results in the foreclosure and repossession of the applicable collateral.
Interest income recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 on TDR loans and interest income that would have been recorded had the terms of the loans not been modified was minimal.
The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans classified as TDRs as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
Credit Quality Indicators
        From a credit risk standpoint, the Company classifies its loans in one of the following categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard or (iv) doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. Loans not rated special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss are classified as pass loans.
        The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on criticized credits monthly. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is felt to be inherent in each credit as of each monthly reporting period. All classified credits are evaluated for impairment. If impairment is determined to exist, a specific reserve is established. The Company’s methodology is structured so that specific reserves are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).
        Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness, however, such concerns are generally not so pronounced that the Company expects to experience significant loss within the short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits with a lower rating.
        Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.
        Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and in which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on non-accrual.
        Credits classified as PCD are those that, at acquisition date, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. All loans considered to be PCI loans prior to January 1, 2020 were converted to PCD loans upon adoption of ASC 326. The Company elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. Loans are only removed from the existing pools if they are foreclosed, written off, paid off, or sold.
28

The Company considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension or renewal of a loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are reunderwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans based on year or origination is as follows:   
 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
 20202019201820172016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
As of March 31, 2020
Construction and land:
Pass$10,095  $183,309  $245,362  $37,572  $13,121  $22,578  $42,786  $—  $554,823  
Special mention—  —  —  —  —  3,935  —  —  3,935  
Substandard—  —  855  785  467  —  —  —  2,107  
PCD—  —  476  995  938  3,196  —  —  5,605  
Total construction and land$10,095  $183,309  $246,693  $39,352  $14,526  $29,709  $42,786  $—  $566,470  
Farmland:
Pass$290  $1,004  $3,367  $4,415  $—  $4,470  $1,384  $—  $14,930  
Total farmland$290  $1,004  $3,367  $4,415  $—  $4,470  $1,384  $—  $14,930  
1 - 4 family residential:
Pass$16,974  $95,380  $118,905  $75,229  $41,458  $148,332  $29,490  $3,056  $528,824  
Special mention—  —  155  119  —  552  —  —  826  
Substandard—  —  —  103  629  1,700  —  —  2,432  
PCD—  —  —  —  —  4,810  —  —  4,810  
Total 1 - 4 family residential$16,974  $95,380  $119,060  $75,451  $42,087  $155,394  $29,490  $3,056  $536,892  
Multi-family residential:
Pass$—  $113,249  $172,526  $32,779  $43,606  $8,931  $219  $—  $371,310  
Special mention—  17,064  —  —  —  —  —  —  17,064  
Total multi-family residential$—  $130,313  $172,526  $32,779  $43,606  $8,931  $219  $—  $388,374  
OOCRE:
Pass$19,057  $60,032  $108,442  $85,128  $123,511  $226,995  $1,632  $7,411  $632,208  
Special mention—  —  4,296  92  4,176  4,869  —  —  13,433  
Substandard—  —  1,664  2,692  8,109  2,551  —  —  15,016  
PCD—  —  9,788  —  7,978  45,416  —  —  63,182  
Total commercial real estate$19,057  $60,032  $124,190  $87,912  $143,774  $279,831  $1,632  $7,411  $723,839  
NOOCRE:
Pass$135,824  $311,588  $522,931  $116,413  $231,653  $405,536  $27,677  $—  $1,751,622  
Special mention—  —  —  —  —  5,184  —  —  5,184  
Substandard—  —  —  —  —  18,876  —  —  18,876  
PCD—  —  18,655  —  6,756  27,293  —  —  52,704  
Total commercial real estate$135,824  $311,588  $541,586  $116,413  $238,409  $456,889  $27,677  $—  $1,828,386  
29

Commercial:
Pass$62,944  $208,011  $201,677  $115,757  $31,351  $47,577  $1,024,341  $18,252  $1,709,910  
Special mention67  1,440  9,924  233  174  1,852  —  5,961  19,651  
Substandard—  —  3,729  3,883  7,347  2,839  —  192  17,990  
PCD—  —  —  5,040  3,689  21,323  —  —  30,052  
Total commercial$63,011  $209,451  $215,330  $124,913  $42,561  $73,591  $1,024,341  $24,405  $1,777,603  
Mortgage warehouse:
Pass$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $371,161  $—  $371,161  
Total mortgage warehouse$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $371,161  $—  $371,161  
Consumer:
Pass$1,986  $2,079  $1,620  $4,896  $952  $733  $3,136  $—  $15,402  
Substandard—  —  —  18  —  122  —  —  140  
PCD—  —  —  41  —  188  —  —  229  
Total consumer$1,986  $2,079  $1,620  $4,955  $952  $1,043  $3,136  $—  $15,771  
Total Pass$247,170  $974,652  $1,374,830  $472,189  $485,652  $865,152  $1,501,826  $28,719  $5,950,190  
Total Special Mention67  18,504  14,375  444  4,350  16,392  —  5,961  60,093  
Total Substandard—  —  6,248  7,481  16,552  26,088  —  192  56,561  
Total PCD—  —  28,919  6,076  19,361  102,226  —  —  156,582  
Total$247,237  $993,156  $1,424,372  $486,190  $525,915  $1,009,858  $1,501,826  $34,872  $6,223,426  

The following table summarizes the Company’s internal ratings of its loans, including PCD loans, as of December 31, 2019:

 December 31, 2019
 PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardDoubtfulPCDTotal
Real estate:
Construction and land$618,773  $3,965  $2,689  $—  $3,947  $629,374  
Farmland16,939  —  —  —  —  16,939  
1 - 4 family residential541,787  795  3,460  —  3,769  549,811  
Multi-family residential320,041  —  —  —  —  320,041  
Commercial real estate2,332,357  23,494  38,278  —  96,854  2,490,983  
Commercial1,610,150  51,999  28,670  —  22,019  1,712,838  
Mortgage warehouse183,628  —  —  —  —  183,628  
Consumer17,106  40  182  —  129,000  17,457  
Total$5,640,781  $80,293  $73,279  $—  $126,718  $5,921,071  
30


Purchased Credit Impaired Loans (Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2016-13)
Loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration at acquisition, for which it was probable that the Company would not be able to collect all contractual amounts due, were accounted for as PCI loans. The carrying amount of PCI loans included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the related outstanding balances at December 31, 2019 are set forth in the table below. The outstanding balance represents the total amount owed, including accrued but unpaid interest, and any amounts previously charged off.
 December 31, 2019
Carrying amount$126,125  
Outstanding balance157,417  
        Changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are included in table below.
Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2019
Balance at beginning of period$18,747  
Additions18,073  
Reclassifications (to) from nonaccretable(413) 
Accretion(2,545) 
Balance at end of period$33,862  
        During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company received cash collections in excess of expected cash flows on PCI loans accounted for individually and not aggregated into loan pools of $390.
Servicing Assets
The Company was servicing loans of approximately $211,941 and $228,638 as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. A summary of the changes in the related servicing assets are as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Balance at beginning of period$3,113  $1,304  
Servicing asset acquired through acquisition—  2,382  
Increase from loan sales109  461  
Amortization charged to income(232) (175) 
Balance at end of period$2,990  $3,972  
The estimated fair value of the servicing assets approximated the carrying amount at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019. Fair value is estimated by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets using discount rates that approximate current market rates over the expected lives of the loans being serviced. A valuation allowance is recorded when the fair value is below the carrying amount of the asset.
The Company may also receive a portion of subsequent interest collections on loans sold that exceed the contractual servicing fees. In that case, the Company records an interest-only strip based on its relative fair market value and the other components of the loans. There was no interest-only strip receivable recorded at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

31

6. Fair Value
The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
 March 31, 2020
 Level 1
Inputs		Level 2
Inputs		Level 3
Inputs		Total
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Available for sale securities$—  $1,084,962  $—  $1,084,962  
Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value15,373  —  —  15,373  
Loans held for sale(1)
—  15,048  —  15,048  
Interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments—  —  —  —  
Customer interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments—  14,654  —  14,654  
Correspondent interest rate caps and collars not designated as hedging instruments—  7  —  7  
Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments—  1,903  —  1,903  
Correspondent interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments—  15,743  —  15,743  
Customer interest rate caps and collars not designated as hedging instruments—  7  —  7  
(1) Represents loans held for sale elected to be carried at fair value upon origination or acquisition.
 December 31, 2019
 Level 1
Inputs		Level 2
Inputs		Level 3
Inputs		Total
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Available for sale securities$—  $964,365  $—  $964,365  
Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value11,122  —  —  11,122  
Loans held for sale(1)
—  10,068  —  10,068  
Correspondent interest rate swaps—  105  —  105  
Customer interest rate swaps—  4,393  —  4,393  
Correspondent interest rate caps and collars—  11  —  11  
Commercial loan interest rate floor—  3,353  —  3,353  
Financial Liabilities:
Correspondent interest rate swaps—  4,736  —  4,736  
Customer interest rate swaps—  84  —  84  
Customer interest rate caps and collars—  11  —  11  
(1) Represents loans held for sale elected to be carried at fair value upon origination or acquisition.
There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
32

The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
 Fair Value
Measurements Using		 
 Level 1
Inputs		Level 2
Inputs		Level 3
Inputs		Total
Fair Value
As of March 31, 2020                
  Assets:    
Collateral dependent loans$—  $—  $12,370  $12,370  
Other real estate owned—  —  7,720  7,720  
As of December 31, 2019    
  Assets:    
Impaired loans—  —  4,504  4,504  
Other real estate owned—  —  5,995  5,995  
At March 31, 2020, collateral dependent loans with an allowance had a recorded investment of $12,370, with $5,921 specific allowance for credit loss allocated. At December 31, 2019, impaired loans had a carrying value of $4,504, with $1,602 specific allowance for credit loss allocated.
Other real estate owned consisted of five properties recorded with a fair value of approximately $7,720 at March 31, 2020. Other real estate owned consisted of four properties recorded with a fair value of approximately $5,995 at December 31, 2019.
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
        The Company’s methods of determining fair value of financial instruments in this Note are consistent with its methodologies disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, with the exception of securities sold under agreements to repurchase. Please refer to Note 17 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on these methods.
33

        The estimated fair values and carrying values of all financial instruments under current authoritative guidance as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:
Fair Value
Carrying
Amount		Level 1Level 2Level 3
March 31, 2020
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$430,842  $—  $430,842  $—  
Held to maturity investments32,842  —  35,512  —  
Loans held for sale15,048  —  15,048  —  
Loans held for investment, mortgage warehouse371,161  —  —  373,759  
Loans held for investment5,853,735  —  —  5,799,072  
Accrued interest receivable22,059  —  22,059  —  
Bank-owned life insurance81,395  —  81,395  —  
Servicing asset2,991  —  2,991  —  
Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value3,575  N/A  N/A  N/A  
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock92,809  N/A  N/A  N/A  
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$5,799,945  $—  $5,783,125  $—  
Advances from FHLB1,377,832  —  1,129,409  —  
Accrued interest payable7,881  —  7,881  —  
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes140,406  —  140,406  —  
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase2,426  —  2,426  —  
December 31, 2019
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$251,550  $—  $251,550  $—  
Held to maturity investments32,965  —  34,810  —  
Loans held for sale14,080  —  14,080  —  
Loans held for investment, mortgage warehouse183,628  —  —  185,060  
Loans held for investment5,737,577  —  —  5,714,885  
Accrued interest receivable19,508  —  19,508  —  
Bank-owned life insurance80,915  —  80,915  —  
Servicing asset3,113  —  3,113  —  
Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value3,575  N/A  N/A  N/A  
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock68,348  N/A  N/A  N/A  
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$5,894,350  $—  $5,692,217  $—  
Advances from FHLB677,870  —  708,692  —  
Accrued interest payable5,893  —  5,893  —  
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes145,571  —  145,571  —  
Other borrowings2,353  —  2,353  —  

34

7. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company primarily uses derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, including interest rate risk and credit risk and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. Management will designate certain derivatives as hedging instruments in a qualifying hedge accounting relationship. The Company’s remaining derivatives consist of derivatives held for customer accommodation or other purposes.
The fair value of derivative positions outstanding is included in other assets and accounts payable and other liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and in the net change in each of these financial statement line items in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. For derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, gains and losses due to changes in fair value are included in noninterest income and the operating section of the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. For derivatives designated as hedging instruments, the entire change in the fair value related to the derivative instrument is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income when the forecasted transaction affects income. The notional amounts and estimated fair values as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as shown in the table below.


 March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
  Estimated Fair Value Estimated Fair Value
 Notional
Amount		Derivative AssetsDerivative LiabilitiesNotional
Amount		Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (cash flow hedges):
Interest rate swap on borrowing advances$500,000  $4,613  $—  $—  $—  $—  
Interest rate swap on money market deposit account payments250,000—  1,903  —  —  —  
Commercial loan interest rate floor—  —  —  275,000  3,353  —  
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments750,000  4,613  1,903  275,000  3,353  $—  
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:      
Financial institution counterparty:
      
Interest rate swaps272,636  —  15,743  222,394  105  4,736  
Interest rate caps and collars
72,894  7  —  90,093  11  —  
Commercial customer counterparty:
      
Interest rate swaps272,636  14,654  —  222,394  4,393  84  
Interest rate caps and collars
72,894  —  7  90,093  —  11  
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments691,060  14,661  15,750  624,974  4,509  4,831  
Offsetting derivative assets/liabilities
4,620  4,620  (2,895) (2,895) 
Total derivatives
$1,441,060  $23,894  $22,273  $899,974  $4,967  $1,936  

35

Pre-tax gain (loss) included in the condensed consolidated statements of income and related to derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows. We had no cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
 For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020		For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 Net Gain recognized in other comprehensive income on derivativeGain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into interest incomeGain recognized in other noninterest incomeNet Gain recognized in other comprehensive income on derivativeGain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into interest incomeGain recognized in other noninterest income
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (cash flow hedges):
Interest rate floor$1,022  $284  $—  $—  $—  $—  
Interest rate swaps2,710  —  —  —  —  —  
Total$3,732  $284  $—  $—  $—  $—  
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps, caps and collars$—  $—  $501  $—  $—  $250  

Cash Flow Hedges
        Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. The Company uses interest rate swaps, floors, caps and collars to manage overall cash flow changes related to interest rate risk exposure on benchmark interest rate loans.
In March 2020, the Company entered into an interest rate swap for a notional amount of $500,000 to hedge the variability of cash flow payments attributable to changes in interest rates in regards to forecasted issuances of three-month term debt arrangements every three months from March 2022 through March 2032. These forecasted borrowings can be sourced from an FHLB advance, repurchase agreement, brokered certificate of deposit or some combination.

In March 2020, the Company entered into an interest rate swap for a notional amount of $250,000 to hedge the variability of cash flow payments attributable to changes in interest rates in regards to forecasted money market account borrowings from March 2020 through March 2025.

        In May 2019, the Company entered into a $275,000 notional interest rate floor for commercial loans with a two-year term. The interest rate floor had a purchased floor strike of 2.43%. In February 2020, the Company terminated this interest rate floor. The gain resulting from the termination of the interest rate floor will remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and will be accreted into earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship unless the forecasted transaction becomes probable of not occurring.
Interest Rate Swap, Floor, Cap and Collar Agreements Not Designated as Hedging Derivatives
        In order to accommodate the borrowing needs of certain commercial customers, the Company has entered into interest rate swap or cap agreements with those customers. These interest rate derivative contracts effectively allow the Company’s customers to convert a variable rate loan into a fixed rate loan. In order to offset the exposure and manage interest rate risk, at the time an agreement was entered into with a customer, the Company entered into an interest rate swap or cap with a correspondent bank counterparty with offsetting terms. These derivative instruments are not designated as accounting hedges and changes in the net fair value are recognized in noninterest income or expense. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for its customers, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts substantially offset each other and do not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations. The fair value amounts are included in other assets and other liabilities.
36

The following is a summary of the interest rate swaps, caps and collars outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
 March 31, 2020
 Notional AmountFixed RateFloating RateMaturityFair Value
Non-hedging derivative instruments:     
Customer interest rate derivatives:     
Interest rate swaps - receive fixed/pay floating
$272,636  3.140 - 8.470%LIBOR 1 month + 0% - 5.00%
PRIME H15 - 0.250%		Wtd. Avg.
4.3 years		$(15,743) 
Interest rate caps and collars$72,894  2.500% / 3.100%LIBOR 1 month + 0%Wtd. Avg.
1.7 years		$7  
Correspondent interest rate derivatives:     
Interest rate swaps - pay fixed/receive floating
$272,636  3.140 - 8.470%LIBOR 1 month + 0% - 5.00%
PRIME H.15 - 0.250%		Wtd. Avg.
4.3 years		$14,654  
Interest rate caps and collars$72,894  3.000% / 5.000%LIBOR 1 month + 0% - 2.50%Wtd. Avg.
1.7 years		$(7) 
December 31, 2019
Notional AmountFixed RateFloating RateMaturityFair Value
Non-hedging derivative instruments:
Customer interest rate derivatives:
Interest rate swaps - receive fixed/pay floating
$222,394  2.944 - 8.470%LIBOR 1 month + 0% - 5.00%
PRIME H15 - 0.250%		Wtd. Avg.
3.3 years		$(4,632) 
Interest rate caps and collars$90,093  2.430% / 5.800%LIBOR 1 month + 0% - 3.75%Wtd. Avg.
1.5 years		$11  
Correspondent interest rate derivatives:
Interest rate swaps - pay fixed/receive floating
$222,394  2.944 - 8.470%LIBOR 1 month + 0% - 5.00%
PRIME H15 - 0.250%		Wtd. Avg.
3.3 years		$4,309  
Interest rate caps and collars$90,093  3.000% / 5.800%LIBOR 1 month + 0% - 3.75%Wtd. Avg.
1.5 years		$(11) 



37

8. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to a financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
The following table sets forth the approximate amounts of these financial instruments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
 March 31,December 31,
 20202019
Commitments to extend credit$1,607,683  $1,950,350  
Standby and commercial letters of credit34,529  27,196  
Total$1,642,212  $1,977,546  
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Management evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company’s policy for obtaining collateral and the nature of such collateral is substantially the same as that involved in making commitments to extend credit.
The table below presents our financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, as well as the activity in the allowance for unfunded commitment credit losses related to those financial instruments. This allowance is recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
 March 31,December 31,
 20202019
Beginning balance for allowance for unfunded commitments$878  $878  
Impact of CECL adoption840  —  
Provision for unfunded commitments3,881  —  
Ending balance of allowance for unfunded commitments$5,599  $878  

38

9. Stock-Based Awards
Veritex 2010 Stock Option and Equity Incentive Plan (“2010 Incentive Plan”)
        The Company recognized no stock compensation expense related to the 2010 Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company recognized stock compensation expense related to the 2010 Incentive Plan of $2 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
A summary of option activity under the 2010 Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the periods then ended, is presented below:
2010 Incentive Plan
 Non-Performance Based Stock Options
 Shares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019275,000  $10.12  2.39 years
Exercised(15,000) 10.28  
Outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2019260,000  $10.12  2.11 years
Outstanding at January 1, 2020257,500  $10.28  1.37 years$4,971  
Exercised(202,500) 10.14  3,691  
Outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 202055,000  $10.77  2.02 years$232  

As of March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 there was no unrecognized stock compensation expense related to non-performance based stock options.
        A summary of the fair value of the Company’s stock options exercised under the 2010 Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is presented below:
Fair Value of Options Exercised as of March 31,
 20202019
Non-performance based stock options exercised5,745  390  
2019 Amended Plan and Green Acquired Omnibus Plans
2020 Grants of Restricted Stock Units
        During the three months ending March 31, 2020, the Company granted non-performance-based and performance-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) under the 2019 Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan, which amended and restated the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2019 Amended Plan”), and the Veritex (Green) 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan”). The majority of the non-performance-based RSUs granted to employees during the three months ended March 31, 2020 are subject to “cliff” vesting after three years from the grant date. There were also non-performance-based RSUs granted to the Company’s directors that vest in four equal quarterly installments from the grant date.
        The performance-based RSUs granted in January 2020 are subject to “cliff” vesting, with a vesting date of January 1, 2023, based on a performance period starting on December 31, 2019 and ending on December 31, 2022. The vesting percentage is determined based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR of 15 peer companies (“Peer Group”) over the performance period. Below is a table showing the range of vesting percentages for the performance-based RSUs based on the Company’s TSR percentile rank.
39

Vesting %
Below the 24.9th percentile of Peer Group TSR

—%
Within the 25th to 49.9th percentile of Peer Group TSR

50%
Within the 50th the 74.9th percentile of Peer Group TSR



100%
At or above the 75th percentile of Peer Group TSR

150%

        A Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the fair value of performance-based RSUs on the grant date that include a market condition based on the Company’s TSR relative to its Peer Group, which determines the eligible number of RSUs to vest.
2020 Grant of Stock Options
        In January 2020, the Company granted non-performance-based options under the 2019 Amended Plan and the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan, which vest over three years in equal installments on each anniversary of the grant date.
        The fair value of each option award is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions used for the grants for the three months ended March 31, 2020:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Dividend yield2.33% to 2.40%
Expected life5.0 to 6.5 years
Expected volatility27.49% to 28.78%
Risk-free interest rate1.65% to 1.76%
The expected life is based on the amount of time that options being valued are expected to remain outstanding. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s dividend history. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company. The risk-free interest rates are based upon yields of U.S. Treasury issues with a term equal to the expected life of the option being valued.
Stock Compensation Expense and Liability Award Compensation Expense
Stock compensation expense for equity awards under the 2019 Amended Plan was approximately $1,488 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized $1,508 in stock compensation expense.
Stock compensation expense for options and RSUs granted under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan was approximately $470 and $385 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
There was no compensation expense for liability-classified awards under the 2019 Amended Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Compensation expense for liability-classified awards was $708 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
40

2019 Amended Plan
A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options under the 2019 Amended Plan as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:

 2019 Amended Plan
 Non-performance Based Stock Options
Equity AwardsLiability Awards
 Shares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic ValueShares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019449,520  $24.47  8.24 years—  $—  
Granted75,928  21.38  253,633  21.38  
Forfeited(4,445) 21.38  —  —  
Exercised(11,848) 15.37  —  —  
Outstanding at March 31, 2019509,155  $23.28  8.28 years253,633  $21.38  9.76 years
Options exercisable at March 31, 2019437,672  $24.71  8.04 years—  $—  
Outstanding at January 1, 2020849,768  $23.61  8.24 years$4,687  —  $—  
Granted144,025  29.13  —  —  
Forfeited(21,891) 28.17  —  —  
Exercised(33,439) 19.19  —  —  
Outstanding at March 31, 2020938,463  $24.51  8.28 years$—  —  $—  $—  
Options exercisable at March 31, 2020469,983  $24.15  7.50 years$—  —  $—  
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period$29.13  $—  

As of March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, there was $3,563, $2,948 and $497 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to equity options awarded under the 2019 Amended Plan, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to liability options awarded under the 2019 Amended Plan. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2020 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 2.34 years.
41


A summary of the status of the Company’s non-performance-based RSUs under the 2019 Amended Plan as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 2019 Amended Plan
Non-performance-Based
 RSUs
Equity AwardsLiability Awards
 UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value		UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019133,455  $19.67  —  $—  
Granted66,327  21.38  165,739  21.38  
Vested into shares(196,171) 23.41  —  —  
Outstanding at March 31, 20193,611  $21.81  165,739  $21.38  
Outstanding at January 1, 2020175,688  $21.65  —  $—  
Granted95,885  29.10  —  —  
Vested into shares(46,926) 28.99  —  —  
Outstanding at March 31, 2020224,647  $24.97  —  $—  

A summary of the status of the Company’s performance-based RSUs under the 2019 Amended Plan as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:

 2019 Amended Plan
Performance-Based
 RSUs
Equity AwardsLiability Awards
 UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value		UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 201963,988  $21.28  —  $—  
Granted29,282  21.38  32,249  21.38  
Vested into shares(51,284) 25.31  —  —  
Forfeited(14,418) 26.85  —  —  
Outstanding at March 31, 201927,568  $23.11  32,249  $21.38  
Outstanding at January 1, 202063,727  $22.76  —  $—  
Granted39,398  29.13  —  —  
Vested into shares(1,841) 26.65  —  —  
Outstanding at March 31, 2020101,284  $25.22  —  $—  
As of March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 there was $7,209, $4,329 and $498 of total unrecognized compensation related to equity RSUs awarded under the 2019 Amended Plan, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, there was no of unrecognized compensation related to liability RSUs awarded under the 2019 Amended Plan. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2020 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 2.3 years.
42

        A summary of the fair value of the Company’s stock options exercised and RSUs vested under the 2019 Amended Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is presented below:
Fair Value of Options Exercised or RSUs Vested in the Three Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Non-performance-based stock options exercised943  315  
Non-performance-based RSUs vested116  1,096  
Performance-based RSUs vested18  4,346  

Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan
A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan
 Non-performance Based Stock Options
 Shares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019—  $—  
Converted in acquisition of Green304,778  15.41  
Granted211,793  21.38  
Exercised(28,033) 12.89  
Outstanding at March 31, 2019488,538  $23.28  8.35 years
Options exercisable at March 31, 2019276,745  $15.67  7.27 years
Outstanding at January 1, 2020386,969  $19.30  7.86 years
Granted31,075  29.13  
Forfeited(23,736) 21.38  
Exercised(32,526) 19.81  
Outstanding at March 31, 2020361,782  $19.97  7.77 years$—  
Options exercisable at March 31, 2020214,342  $17.87  6.94 years$—  
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period$29.13  

As of March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, there was $1,047, $1,062, and $1,474 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to options awarded under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2020 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 1.9 years.

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A summary of the status of the Company’s non-performance-based RSUs under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:


Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan
Non-performance-Based
RSUs
UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019—  $—  
Granted116,250  21.38  
Outstanding at March 31, 2019116,250  $21.38  
Outstanding at January 1, 2020116,250  $21.38  
Granted33,918  29.13  
Vested into shares(38,744) 29.13  
Forfeited(3,492) 29.13  
Outstanding at March 31, 2020107,932  $24.45  

A summary of the status of the Company’s performance-based RSUs under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:

 Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan
Performance-Based
 RSUs
 UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019—  $—  
Granted26,145  $21.38  
Outstanding at March 31, 201926,145  $21.38  
Outstanding at January 1, 202025,320  $21.38  
Granted8,531  29.13  
Outstanding at March 31, 202033,851  $23.33  
As of March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, there was $2,577, $1,991, and $2,750, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation related to outstanding performance-based RSUs awarded under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan to be recognized over a remaining weighted average requisite service period of 2.0 years.
        A summary of the fair value of the Company’s stock options exercised and RSUs vested under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 s presented below:
Fair Value of Options Exercised or RSUs Vested in the Three Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Non-performance-based stock options exercised$950  $558  
Non-performance-based RSUs vested142  —  
44

Green Bancorp Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan and Green Bancorp Inc. 2006 Stock Option Plan
        In addition to the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan discussed earlier in this Note, the Company assumed two stock and incentive plans in the Green acquisition, the Green Bancorp Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan (“Green 2010 Plan”) and the Green Bancorp Inc. 2006 Stock Option Plan (“Green 2006 Plan”). For the Green 2010 Plan and the Green 2006 Plan, 768,628 and 11,850 of stock options, respectively, were converted in the acquisition of Green during the three months ended March 31, 2019. No stock options or restricted stock units were awarded from these plans during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 386,960 stock options granted under the Green 2010 Plan were exercised and no stock options granted under the Green 2006 Plan were exercised. As of March 31, 2020, 179,976 exercisable stock options remain outstanding in the Green 2010 Plan and no exercisable stock options remain outstanding in the Green 2006 Plan.

10. Income Taxes
        Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Income tax expense (benefit) for the period$(684) $1,989  
Effective tax rate(19.8)%21.2 %
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company had an effective tax rate of (19.8)%. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a net discrete tax benefit of $1,388 primarily associated with the recognition of excess tax benefit realized on share-based payment awards pursuant to ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). Excluding the discrete tax item, the Company had an effective tax rate of 22.1% for the three month ended March 31, 2020.

11. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company may from time to time be involved in legal actions arising from normal business activities. Management believes that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these actions will not materially affect the financial position or results of operations of the Company.
Qualified Affordable Housing Investment
        As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the balance of the investment for qualified affordable housing projects was $3,194 and $3,292, respectively. This balance is reflected in other investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The total unfunded commitment related to the investment in certain qualified housing projects totaled $622 and $1,091 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company expects to fulfill these commitments during the year ended 2034.

12. Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Retained Earnings
The Company, on a consolidated basis, and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can lead to the initiation of certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
45

In the first quarter of 2020, U.S. federal regulatory authorities issued an interim final rule that provides banking organizations that adopt CECL during the 2020 calendar year with the option to delay for two years the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital relative to regulatory capital determined under the prior incurred loss methodology, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during the initial two-year delay (i.e., a five-year transition in total). In connection with our adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, we have elected to utilize the five-year CECL transition.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, CET1 and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Management believes, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded those levels necessary to be categorized as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, CET1, Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since March 31, 2020 that management believes have changed the Company’s categorization as “well capitalized.”
46

A comparison of the Company’s and Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios to required capital amounts and ratios is presented in the following table:
 Actual For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes		 To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
 AmountRatio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
As of March 31, 2020
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company$918,866  12.48 %$589,017  8.0 %n/an/a
Bank912,112  12.37 %589,887  8.0 %$737,358  10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company730,461  9.92 %441,811  6.0 %n/an/a
Bank834,035  11.31 %442,459  6.0 %589,945  8.0 %
Common equity tier 1 to risk-weighted assets
Company701,401  9.53 %331,197  4.5 %n/an/a
Bank834,035  11.31 %331,844  4.5 %479,330  6.5 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Company730,461  9.49 %307,887  4.0 %n/an/a
Bank834,035  10.83 %308,046  4.0 %385,058  5.0 %
As of December 31, 2019
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company$917,939  13.10 %$560,573  8.0 %n/an/a
Bank870,838  12.44 %560,024  8.0 %$700,031  10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company771,679  11.02 %420,152  6.0 %n/an/a
Bank840,126  12.00 %420,063  6.0 %560,084  8.0 %
Common equity tier 1 to risk-weighted assets
Company742,675  10.60 %315,287  4.5 %n/an/a
Bank840,126  12.00 %315,047  4.5 %455,068  6.5 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Company771,679  10.17 %303,512  4.0 %n/an/a
Bank840,126  11.07 %303,569  4.0 %379,461  5.0 %
        
Dividend Restrictions — Dividends paid by the Bank are subject to certain restrictions imposed by regulatory agencies. The Basel III Capital Rules further limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. There are no dividend payment limitations by the Bank if the Bank’s capital conservation buffer is greater than 2.5%. The Bank had a capital conservation buffer of 4.37% as of March 31, 2020. Dividends of $8,728, or $0.17 per outstanding share on the applicable record date, were paid by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Dividends of $25,000 were paid by the Bank to the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) as well as with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Except where the content otherwise requires or when otherwise indicated, the terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our business” refer to Veritex Holdings, Inc. and our wholly owned banking subsidiary, Veritex Community Bank.

This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and are based on certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable but may prove to be inaccurate. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth under “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” may cause actual results to differ materially from the projected results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements. For additional information concerning forward-looking statements, please read “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.

Overview

        Veritex Holdings, Inc. is a Texas corporation and bank holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Through our wholly owned subsidiary, Veritex Community Bank (the “Bank”), a Texas state chartered bank, we provide relationship-driven commercial banking products and services tailored to meet the needs of small to medium-sized businesses and professionals. Beginning at our operational inception in 2010, we initially targeted customers and focused our acquisitions primarily in the Dallas metropolitan area, which we consider to be Dallas and the adjacent communities in North Dallas. Our current primary market now includes the broader Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area. As we continue to grow, we may expand to other metropolitan banking markets in Texas.
        Our business is conducted through one reportable segment, community banking, where we generate the majority of our revenues from interest income on loans, customer service and loan fees, gains on sale of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guaranteed loans and mortgage loans and interest income from securities. We incur interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds and noninterest expense, such as salaries and employee benefits and occupancy expenses. We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and expense of our liabilities through net interest margin. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets.
        Changes in the market interest rates and interest rates we earn on interest-earning assets or pay on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volume and types of interest-earning assets, and interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest spread, net interest margin and net interest income. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in Texas and, specifically, in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and Houston metropolitan area, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, financial services, insurance, transportation, manufacturing and energy sectors within our target market and throughout the state of Texas.

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Recent Developments

Impact of COVID-19

The novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has created a global public health crisis that has resulted in unprecedented uncertainty, volatility and disruption in financial markets and in governmental, commercial and consumer activity in the United States and globally, including the markets that we serve. Governmental responses to the pandemic have included orders closing businesses not deemed essential and directing individuals to observe social distancing and shelter in place. These actions, together with responses to the pandemic by businesses and individuals, have resulted in rapid decreases in commercial and consumer activity, temporary closures of many businesses that have led to a loss of revenues and a rapid increase in unemployment, material decreases in business valuations, disrupted global supply chains, market downturns and volatility, changes in consumer behavior related to pandemic fears, related emergency response legislation and an expectation that the policy of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (the “Federal Reserve”) will maintain a low interest rate environment for the foreseeable future.

We have taken deliberate actions to ensure that we have the balance sheet strength to serve our clients and communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, including increasing our liquidity and reserves supported by a strong capital position. Our commercial and consumer customers are experiencing varying degrees of financial distress due to the pandemic and related governmental actions taken in response to the pandemic. In order to protect the health of our customers and employees, and to comply with applicable governmental directives, we have implemented our operational preparedness plan and modified our business practices, including by dispersing critical operation processes, increasing work-from-home capacity, including essential employees for critical processes, and flexible scheduling provided to those that are unable to work from home, as well as implementing our business continuity plans and protocols to the extent necessary.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act was enacted. The CARES Act contains substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the SBA Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"), a nearly $350 billion program designed to aid small- and medium-sized businesses through federally guaranteed, forgivable loans distributed through banks. These loans are intended to guarantee eight weeks of payroll and other costs to help those businesses remain viable and allow their workers to pay their bills. We have recently partnered with a web-based commercial and SBA lending software platform that manages the origination, processing, closing and monitoring of SBA loans and have provided our customers the ability to apply and qualify for PPP loans through this platform. On April 16, 2020, the SBA announced that all available funds had been exhausted and applications were no longer being accepted. As of April 24, 2020, we had obtained approvals for approximately 1,142 clients totaling approximately $324.9 million in approved loans. On April 24, 2020, the President signed into law the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (PPHCE Act), which provides an additional $310 billion for the PPP and supplements certain other programs

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have also implemented a loan deferment program to provide temporary payment relief to certain of our borrowers who meet the program's qualifications. This program allows for a deferral of payments for 90 days, which we may extend for an additional 90 days, for a maximum of 180 days on a cumulative basis. The deferred payments along with interest accrued during the deferral period are due and payable on the maturity date of the existing loan. As of April 24, 2020, we have granted temporary modifications on approximately 454 loans, resulting in the deferral of approximately $766.5 million. The CARES Act requires that, for certain residential mortgage loans, we grant forbearance for 180 days at the request of the borrower. Through April 24, 2020 we have received 542 requests that cover a total principal amount of $893.5 million.

Significant uncertainties as to future economic conditions exist, and we have taken deliberate actions in response to these uncertainties, including increased levels of on balance sheet liquidity and increased capital ratio levels. Additionally, the economic pressures, coupled with our implementation in January 2020 of the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology for determining our provision for credit losses, have contributed to an increased provision for credit losses for the first quarter of 2020. We continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 closely, as well as any effects that may result from the CARES Act; however, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our operations and financial results during the remainder of 2020 is highly uncertain.

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Financial position and results of operations

COVID-19 had a material impact on our allowance for credit losses for the first quarter of 2020. While we have not yet experienced any charge-offs related to COVID-19, our allowance for credit losses calculation and resulting provision for credit losses were significantly impacted by the change in the economic forecasts used in the CECL model late in the first quarter of 2020 to reflect the expected impact of COVID-19. Given that forecasted economic scenarios have deteriorated significantly since the pandemic was declared in early March, our need for additional reserve for credit loss increased significantly. Refer to our further discussion of the allowance for credit losses below as well as in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 5, “Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses,” in the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Should economic conditions worsen, we could experience further increases in our allowance for credit losses and record additional credit loss expense. We could also see an increase in our ratio of past due loans to total loans, although the execution of our loan deferment program might temporarily improve this ratio. It is possible that our asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of COVID-19 are prolonged.

Our fee income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with guidance from regulators, we are actively working with customers affected by COVID-19 to waive fees from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to, insufficient funds and overdraft fees, ATM fees and account maintenance fees. These reductions in fees are thought, at this time, to be temporary in conjunction with the length of the expected COVID-19 related economic crisis. At this time, we are unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognize the breadth of the economic impact is likely to impact our fee income in future periods.

Our interest income could also be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with guidance from regulators, we are actively working with borrowers affected by COVID-19 to defer their payments, interest, and fees. While interest and fees will still accrue to income, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, our interest income and fees accrued would need to be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time, we are unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognize the breadth of the economic impact may affect our borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.

Capital and liquidity

As of March 31, 2020, all of our capital ratios, and the Bank’s capital ratios, were in excess of all regulatory requirements. While we believe that we have sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, our reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. We rely on cash on hand as well as dividends from the Bank to service our debt. If our capital deteriorates such that the Bank is unable to pay dividends to us for an extended period of time, we may not be able to service our debt.

We maintain access to multiple sources of liquidity. Wholesale funding markets have remained open to us, but rates for short term funding have recently been volatile. If funding costs are elevated for an extended period of time, it could have an adverse effect on our net interest margin. If an economic recession caused large numbers of our deposit customers to withdraw their funds, we might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

Asset valuation

Currently, we do not expect COVID-19 to affect our ability to account timely for the assets on our balance sheet; however, this could change in future periods. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments will change to account for pandemic-related circumstances such as widening credit spreads, we do not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).

As of March 31, 2020, our goodwill was not impaired. While our stock traded above book value for most of the first quarter of 2020, it traded below book value at quarter end. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could cause a further and sustained decline in our stock price or the occurrence of what management would deem to be a triggering event that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform a goodwill impairment test and result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. In the event that we conclude that all or a portion of our goodwill is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital. At March 31, 2020, we had goodwill of $370.8 million, representing approximately 32% of equity.

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As of March 31, 2020, we did not have any impairment with respect to our intangible assets, premises and equipment, equity investments or other long-lived assets. It is possible that the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could cause the occurrence of what management would deem to be a triggering event that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform an intangible asset impairment test and result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. In the event that we conclude that all or a portion of our intangible assets are impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital. At March 31, 2020, we had intangible assets of $69.4 million, representing approximately 6% of equity.

Credit

Hospitality Exposure

The Company’s exposure to hospitality at March 31, 2020 was $344.3 million, or 5.9% of total loans held for investment, excluding mortgage warehouse. 27% of the Company’s hospitality borrowers are top tier hotels, 49% are national brands, 20% are luxury boutique hotels and 4% are no flag hotels.

Restaurant Exposure

The Company’s exposure to restaurants at March 31, 2020 was $115.9 million, or 2.0% of total loans held for investment, excluding mortgage warehouse. 59% of the Company’s restaurant borrowers are quick service restaurants and 41% are full service restaurants.

Energy Exposure

The Company’s exposure to energy at March 31, 2020 was $15.7 million, or 0.3% of total loans held for investment, excluding mortgage warehouse.

Healthcare Exposure

The Company’s exposure to healthcare at March 31, 2020 was $65.9 million, or 1.1% of total loans held for investment, excluding mortgage warehouse. Healthcare loans do not include loans to practice professionals.

Retail Exposure

The Company’s exposure to retail at March 31, 2020 was $436.3 million, or 7.5% of total loans held for investment, excluding mortgage warehouse. Included in this balance is $55.0 million of grocery-anchored retail centers.

Adoption of New Accounting Standard for Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as CECL. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet (“OBS”) credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. In addition, ASU 2016-13 made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

A summary of the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 is as follows:

•Net decrease in retained earnings of $15.5 million as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326.
•On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of assets purchased with credit deterioration were adjusted to reflect the addition of $19.7 million to the allowance for credit losses. The remaining noncredit discount (based on the adjusted amortized cost basis) will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate as of January 1, 2020.
•Increase in the allowance for credit losses of $39.1 million as of January 1, 2020.
•Increase in our allowance for unfunded commitments of $840 thousand as of January 1, 2020. The allowance for unfunded commitments is recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.


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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

General

        Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $4.1 million, a decrease of $3.3 million, or 44.2%, from net income of $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
        Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.08, a decrease of $0.06 from $0.14 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.08, a decrease of $0.05 from $0.13 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Net Interest Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net interest income before provisions for credit losses totaled $67.4 million and net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.67% and 3.27%, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net interest income totaled $72.9 million and net interest margin and net interest spread were 4.17% and 3.70%, respectively. The decrease in net interest income of $5.5 million was primarily due to a $7.9 million decrease in interest income on loans, partially offset by a $3.8 million decrease in interest expense on interest-bearing demand and savings deposits during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in interest income on loans was due to lower loan yields. The $4.4 million decrease in interest expense on deposit accounts was due to lower rates on deposit accounts. Net interest margin decreased 50 basis points from the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to a decrease in yields earned on loan balances, partially offset by decreases in the average rate paid on interest-bearing demand and savings deposits in the three months ended March 31, 2020. As a result, the average cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased to 1.39% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from 1.62% for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, interest expense totaled $19.6 million and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 1.47%. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, interest expense totaled $22.3 million and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 1.74%. The decrease in interest expense of $2.7 million was due to a $3.8 million decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing demand and savings deposits, partially offset by a $1.6 million increase in interest paid on borrowings.
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        The following table presents, for the periods indicated, an analysis of net interest income by each major category of interest-earning assets and interest–bearing liabilities, the average amounts outstanding and the interest earned or paid on such amounts. The table also sets forth the average rate earned on interest-earning assets, the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and the net interest margin on average total interest-earning assets for the same periods. Interest earned on loans that are classified as non-accrual is not recognized in income; however, the balances are reflected in average outstanding balances for the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans was $173 thousand. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans was $151 thousand. Any non-accrual loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield.

For the Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
InterestInterest
AverageEarned/AverageAverageEarned/Average
OutstandingInterestYield/OutstandingInterestYield/
BalancePaidRateBalancePaidRate
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets                                                       
Interest-earning assets:
Loans1
$5,784,965  $76,527   5.32 %$5,731,062  $84,194   5.96 %
Loans held for investment, mortgage warehouse163,646  1,334  3.28  119,781  1,553  5.26  
Investment securities1,038,954  7,397   2.86  926,347  7,232   3.17  
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks308,546  850  1.14  264,138  691  2.39  
Other investments91,917  871   3.72  56,909  1,554   4.92  
Total interest-earning assets7,388,028  86,979   4.74  7,098,237  95,224   5.44  
Allowance for credit losses(44,270)   (20,065)   
Noninterest-earning assets782,024    763,095    
Total assets$8,125,782    $7,841,267    
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand and savings deposits$2,638,633  $6,552   1.00 %$2,562,304  $10,366   1.64 %
Certificates and other time deposits1,650,678  8,240  2.01  2,244,194  8,792  1.59  
Advances from FHLB937,901  2,879   1.23  310,697  2,055   2.68  
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes145,189  1,903   5.27  75,813  1,094   5.85  
Total interest-bearing liabilities5,372,401  19,574   1.47  5,193,008  22,307   1.74  
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:      
Noninterest-bearing deposits1,523,702    1,427,970    
Other liabilities46,563    30,023    
Total liabilities6,942,666    6,651,001    
Stockholders’ equity1,183,116    1,190,266    
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$8,125,782    $7,841,267    
Net interest rate spread2
  3.27 %  3.70 %
Net interest income $67,405   $72,917  
Net interest margin3
  3.67 %  4.17 %
________________________________
1 Includes average outstanding balances of loans held for sale of $10,995 and $7,709 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, and average balances of loans held for investment, excluding mortgage warehouse.
2 Net interest rate spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.
3 Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

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The following table presents the changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and distinguishes between the changes attributable to changes in volume and interest rates. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.
 For the Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2020 vs. 2019
 Increase (Decrease) 
 Due to Change in 
 VolumeRateTotal
 (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans$798  $(8,465) $(7,667) 
Loans held for investment, mortgage warehouse574  (793) (219) 
Securities886  (721) 165  
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks264  (968) 180  
Other investments428  (248) (704) 
Total increase in interest income2,950  (11,195) (8,245) 
Interest-bearing liabilities:   
Interest-bearing demand and savings deposits311  (4,125) (3,814) 
Certificates and other time deposits143  (695) (552) 
Advances from FHLB4,183  (3,359) 824  
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes1,009  (200) 809  
Total increase in interest expense5,646  (8,379) (2,733) 
Increase in net interest income$(2,696) $(2,816) $(5,512) 

Provision for Credit Losses
Our provision for credit losses is a charge to income in order to bring our allowance for credit losses to a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the factors taken into account by management in determining the allowance for credit losses see “—Financial Condition—Allowance for Credit Losses.” The provision for credit losses was $31.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $5.0 million for the same period in 2019, an increase of $26.8 million, or 534.0%. The increase in the recorded provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to the incorporated change in the economic forecasts used in the CECL model late in the first quarter of 2020 to reflect the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as of March 31, 2020, as compared to our initial adoption of CECL. In the first quarter of 2020, we also recorded a $3.9 million provision for unfunded commitments, which was also attributable to the change in the economic forecasts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans held for investment, excluding mortgage warehouse, was 1.73%, 0.52% and 0.38% of total loans at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.

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Noninterest Income
The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:
 For the  
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31,Increase
 20202019(Decrease)
 (Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts$3,642  $3,517  $125  
Loan fees845  1,677  (832) 
Loss on sales of investment securities—  (772) 772  
Gain on sales of loans746  2,370  (1,624) 
Rental income551  368  183  
Other1,463  1,324  139  
Total noninterest income$7,247  $8,484  $(1,237) 

Noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $1.2 million, or 14.6%, to $7.2 million compared to noninterest income of $8.5 million for the same period in 2019. The primary driver of the decrease was a decrease in gains on loans sold. We realized gains on loans sold of $746 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $2.4 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.6 million decrease on gain on sale of SBA loans as a result of decreased sales of SBA loans.
        
Noninterest Expense

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:
For the
 Three Months EndedIncrease
 March 31,(Decrease)
 202020192020 vs. 2019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits$18,870  $18,885  $(15) 
Non-staff expenses:
Occupancy and equipment4,273  4,129  144  
Professional and regulatory fees2,196  3,418  (1,222) 
Data processing and software expense2,089  1,924  165  
Marketing1,083  619  464  
Amortization of intangibles2,696  2,760  (64) 
Telephone and communications319  395  (76) 
Merger and acquisition expense—  31,217  (31,217) 
Other4,019  3,646  373  
Total noninterest expense$35,545  $66,993  $(31,448) 
 
Noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $31.4 million, or 46.9%, to $35.5 million compared to noninterest expense of $67.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The most significant components of the decrease were as follows:
 
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Professional and regulatory fees. This category includes legal, investment bank, director, stock transfer agent fees and other public company services, information technology support, audit services and regulatory assessment expense. Professional fees were $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $3.4 million for the same period in 2019, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 35.8%. This decrease was primarily the result of decreases in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) assessment fees of $672 thousand, information technology support fees of $203 thousand, audit and regulatory services of $130 thousand, and legal expense of $106 thousand.

Merger and acquisition expense. This category includes legal, professional, audit, regulatory, severance and change-in-control payments, stock-based compensation, conversion related data processing and software expense and other expenses incurred in connection with a merger or acquisition. No merger and acquisition expenses were incurred in the first quarter of 2020, as our acquisition of Green Bancorp, Inc. (“Green”) was completed in 2019.

Income Tax Expense
 
Income tax expense is a function of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect current statutory income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or statutory tax rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision of income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. As of March 31, 2020, we did not believe a valuation allowance was necessary.
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, income tax benefit totaled $684 thousand, a decrease of $2.7 million, or 134.4%, compared to a income tax expense of $2.0 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in net income from operations to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $9.4 million for the same period in 2019.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company had an effective tax rate of (19.8)%. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a net discrete tax benefit of $1.4 million primarily associated with the recognition of excess tax benefit realized on share-based payment awards pursuant to ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718). Excluding the discrete tax item, the Company had an effective tax rate of 22.1% for the three month ended March 31, 2020.


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Financial Condition
 
Our total assets increased $0.5 billion, or 7.2%, from $8.0 billion as of December 31, 2019 to $8.5 billion as of March 31, 2020. Our asset growth was due to the continued execution of our strategy to establish deep relationships in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area. We believe these relationships will continue to bring in new customer accounts and grow balances from existing loan and deposit customers.
 
Loan Portfolio
 
Our primary source of income is interest on loans to individuals, professionals, small to medium-sized businesses and commercial companies located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and Houston metropolitan area. Our loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial loans and real estate loans secured by commercial real estate properties located in our primary market area. Our loan portfolio represents the highest yielding component of our earning asset base.
 
As of March 31, 2020, total loans were $6.2 billion, an increase of $0.3 billion, or 5.1%, compared to $5.9 billion as of December 31, 2019. The increase was the result of the continued execution and success of our loan growth strategy. In addition to these amounts, $15.0 million and $14.1 million in loans were classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
 
Total loans as a percentage of deposits were 107.3% and 100.5% as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Total loans excluding mortgage warehouse loans as a percentage of deposits were 100.9% and 97.3% as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.Total loans as a percentage of assets were 72.9% and 74.4% as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated:
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20202019
 TotalPercentTotalPercent
 (Dollars in thousands)
Commercial$1,777,603  28.6 %$1,712,838  28.9 %
Mortgage warehouse371,161  6.0 %183,628  3.1 %
Real estate:    
Owner Occupied CRE (“OOCRE”)723,839  11.6 %706,782  11.8 %
Non-owner Occupied CRE (“NOOCRE”)1,828,386  29.4 %1,784,201  30.1 %
Construction and land566,470  9.1 %629,374  10.6 %
Farmland14,930  0.2 %16,939  0.3 %
1-4 family residential536,892  8.6 %549,811  9.3 %
Multifamily388,374  6.2 %320,041  5.4 %
Consumer15,771  0.3 %17,457  0.3 %
Total loans held for investment$6,223,426  100.0 %$5,921,071  100.0 %
Total loans held for sale$15,048  100.0 %$14,080  100.0 %

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Nonperforming Assets

The following table presents information regarding non-performing assets at the dates indicated: 
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20202019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans$38,836  $29,779  
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due4,764  3,660  
Total nonperforming loans43,600  33,439  
Other real estate owned: 
Commercial—  4,242  
Commercial real estate, construction, land and land development6,071  1,087  
Residential real estate1,649  666  
Total other real estate owned7,720  5,995  
Total nonperforming assets$51,320  $39,434  
Restructured loans—non-accrual1,500  1,457  
Restructured loans—accruing1,641  686  
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans0.75 %0.56 %
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets0.60 %0.50 %

The following table presents information regarding non-accrual loans by category as of the dates indicated:
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20202019
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial$14,395  $5,672  
Mortgage warehouse—  —  
Real estate:
OOCRE18,876  18,876  
NOOCRE—  —  
Construction and land785  567  
Farmland—  —  
1-4 family residential912  1,581  
Multifamily—  —  
Consumer74  54  
Total$35,042  $29,779  

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Potential Problem Loans

The following tables summarize our internal ratings of our loans as of the dates indicated.
 March 31, 2020
 PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardDoubtfulPCDTotal
Real estate:
Construction and land$554,823  $3,935  $2,107  $—  $5,605  $566,470  
Farmland14,930  —  —  —  —  14,930  
1 - 4 family residential528,824  826  2,432  —  4,810  536,892  
Multi-family residential371,310  17,064  —  —  —  388,374  
Nonfarm nonresidential2,377,677  24,578  34,084  —  115,886  2,552,225  
Commercial1,716,063  13,690  17,798  —  30,052  1,777,603  
Mortgage warehouse371,161  —  —  —  —  371,161  
Consumer15,402  —  140  —  229  15,771  
Total$5,950,190  $60,093  $56,561  $—  $156,582  $6,223,426  

 December 31, 2019
 PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardDoubtfulPCDTotal
Real estate:
Construction and land$618,773  $3,965  $2,689  $—  $3,947  $629,374  
Farmland16,939  —  —  —  —  16,939  
1 - 4 family residential541,787  795  3,460  —  3,769  549,811  
Multi-family residential320,041  —  —  —  —  320,041  
Commercial real estate2,332,357  23,494  38,278  —  96,854  2,490,983  
Commercial1,610,150  51,999  28,670  —  22,019  1,712,838  
Consumer17,106  40  182  —  129  17,457  
Total$5,640,781  $80,293  $73,279  $—  $126,718  $5,921,071  
 
Allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans held for investment
The ACL is a valuation allowance estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. When the Company deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received. See Note 1 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for discussion of our ACL methodology on loans.
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The following table presents, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the allowance for credit losses and other related data:

 As ofAs of
 March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
  Percent Percent
 Amountof TotalAmountof Total
 (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:                
Construction and land$6,838  6.8 %$3,822  12.8 %
Farmland58  0.1  61  0.2  
1 - 4 family residential8,318  8.2  1,378  4.6  
Multi-family residential4,899  4.9  1,965  6.6  
OOCRE16,461  16.3  1,978  6.6  
NOOCRE25,681  25.4  8,139  27.3  
Total real estate$62,255  61.7 %$17,343  58.1 %
Commercial38,110  37.7  12,369  41.5  
Consumer618  0.6  122  0.4  
Total allowance for credit losses$100,983  100.0 %$29,834  100.0 %

The ACL increased $71.2 million, or 238.5%, as of March 31, 2020 from December 31, 2019. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020, the Company recorded an increase of $39.1 million to the ACL. The primary reasons for the increase in required ACL are the Company’s adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020 and significant projected deterioration of the loss drivers that the Company forecasts to calculate expected losses. This deterioration was brought on by the projected economic impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s loss drivers over the reasonable and supportable forecast period and created the need for $31.8 million of additional ACL.

The Company uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to estimate ACL for non-PCD owner occupied and non-owner occupied commercial real estate, construction and land development, 1-4 family residential, commercial and consumer loan pools. The Company leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by the Company when developing the forecast metrics. See Note 1 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for discussion of our DCF methodology and economic projections.

Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers are used across the loan segments. For all DCF models at March 31, 2020, the Company has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and the Company will revert back to a historical loss rate over an additional four quarters on a straight-line basis. At March 31, 2020 the Company forecasted a significant increase in Texas unemployment and a year over year percentage decrease in Texas gross domestic product growth. The Company projected gradual improvement in the loss drivers over the next three quarters with these loss drivers remaining below historical trends over the past several years.

The following table provides an analysis of the provisions for loan losses, net charge-offs and recoveries and the effects of those items on our ACL:
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 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2020March 31, 2019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Average loans outstanding(1)
$5,948,611  $5,850,323  
Amortized costs of loans outstanding at end of period(1)
$6,200,086  $5,778,200  
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period$29,834  $19,255  
Impact of adopting ASC 32639,137  —  
Provision for credit losses31,776  5,012  
Charge-offs:  
Real estate:  
Commercial—  (2,654) 
Consumer(68) (74) 
Total charge-offs(68) (2,728) 
Recoveries:  
Real estate:  
Residential1  8  
Commercial29  10  
Consumer274  46  
Total recoveries304  64  
Net charge-offs236  (2,664) 
Allowance for credit losses at end of period$100,983  $21,603  
Ratio of allowance to end of period loans1.63 %0.38 %
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans— %0.05 %
(1)Excludes loans held for sale.

We believe the successful execution of our growth strategy through key acquisitions and organic growth is demonstrated by the upward trend in loan balances from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020. Loan balances increased from $5.9 billion as of December 31, 2019 to $6.2 billion as of March 31, 2020. Net charge-offs represented 0.00% and 0.05% of average loan balances for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 
Equity Securities
As of March 31, 2020, we held equity securities with a readily determinable fair value of $15.4 million compared to $11.1 million as of December 31, 2019. These equity securities primariliy represent investments in a publicly traded Community Reinvestment Act fund and are subject to market pricing volatility, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings.

The Company held equity securities without a readily determinable fair values and measured at cost of $3.6 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company measures equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

Debt Securities
We use our debt securities portfolio, which includes both available for sale and held to maturity debt securities, to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements. As of March 31, 2020, the carrying amount of debt securities totaled $1.1 billion, an increase of $120.5 million, or 12.1%, compared to $997.3 million as of December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to purchases of securities of $200.7 million, offset by maturities, calls, and paydowns of $107.7 million. Securities represented 13.1% and 12.1% of total assets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
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All of our mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored entities. We do not hold any Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac preferred stock, corporate equity, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, structured investment vehicles, private label collateralized mortgage obligations, subprime, Alt-A, or second lien elements in our investment portfolio. As of March 31, 2020, our investment portfolio did not contain any securities that are directly backed by subprime or Alt-A mortgages.
 
        Management evaluates available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. As of March 31, 2020, management believes that available for sale securities in a unrealized loss position are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no provision for credit losses have been recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company also recored no allowance for credit losses for its held to matury debt securities as of March 31, 2020.
        As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we did not own securities of any one issuer other than U.S. government agency securities for which aggregate cost exceeded 10.0% of our stockholders’ equity as of such respective dates.
Deposits
Total deposits as of March 31, 2020 were $5.8 billion, a decrease of $94.4 million, or 1.6%, compared to $5.9 billion as of December 31, 2019. The decrease from December 31, 2019 was primarily the result of decreases of $118.1 million and $7.2 million in financial institution money market accounts and noninterest-bearing demand deposits, respectively, partially offset by an increase in time deposits of $30.9 million.
Borrowings
We utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below.
Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes
        Subordinated Notes - In connection with our acquisition of Green, on January 1, 2019, we assumed $35 million of 8.50% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes (the “Fixed-to-Floating Notes”) that mature on December 15, 2026. The Fixed-to-Floating Notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital under the Federal Reserve’s capital guidelines, have an interest rate of 8.50% per annum during the fixed-rate period from date of issuance through December 15, 2021.  Interest is payable semi-annually on each June 15 and December 15 through December 15, 2021.
During the floating rate period from December 15, 2021, to but excluding the maturity date or date of earlier redemption, the Fixed-to-Floating Notes will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to three-month LIBOR for the related interest period plus 6.685%, payable quarterly on each March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15. The Fixed-to-Floating Notes are subordinated in right of payment to all of our senior indebtedness and effectively subordinated to all existing and future debt and all other liabilities of the Bank. We may elect to redeem the Fixed-to-Floating Notes (subject to regulatory approval), in whole or in part, on any early redemption date, which is any interest payment date on or after December 15, 2021 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. We may also redeem (subject to regulatory approval), in whole but not in part, the Fixed-to Floating Notes prior to an early redemption date upon the occurrence of certain events at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. Other than on an early redemption date, the Fixed-to-Floating Notes cannot be accelerated except in the event of bankruptcy or the occurrence of certain other events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization.
A summary of pertinent information related to our issues of subordinated notes outstanding at the dates indicated is set forth in the table below:
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 March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Subordinated notes$108,508  $113,467  
Unamortized debt premium1,820  2,081  
Total subordinated notes$110,328  $115,548  
Subordinated Debentures Trust Preferred Securities. The following subordinated debentures trust preferred securities were outstanding at the dates indicated in the table below:
 March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Subordinated debentures$33,868  $33,868  
Debt discount(3,790) (3,845) 
Total subordinated debentures$30,078  $30,023  

A summary of pertinent information related to our issues of subordinated debentures outstanding at March 31, 2020 is set forth in the table below:
DescriptionSubordinated Debt Owed to Trusts
Interest Rate(1)
Maturity Date
(Dollars in thousands)
Parkway National Capital Trust I$3,093  3-month LIBOR +1.85%December 2036
SovDallas Capital Trust I$8,609  3-month LIBOR +4.0%July 2038
Patriot Bancshares Capital Trust I$5,155  3-month LIBOR +1.85%, not to exceed 11.90%April 7, 2036
Patriot Bancshares Capital Trust II$17,011  3-month LIBOR +1.80%, not to exceed 11.90%September 15, 2037
(1) The 3-month LIBOR in effect as of March 31, 2020 was 1.5%.
        Each of the trusts is a capital trust organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust securities and investing the proceeds in our junior subordinated debentures. The preferred trust securities of each trust represent preferred beneficial interests in the assets of the respective trusts and are subject to mandatory redemption upon payment of the junior subordinated debentures held by the trust. The common securities of each trust are wholly owned by us. Each trust’s ability to pay amounts due on the trust preferred securities is solely dependent upon our making payment on the related junior subordinated debentures. The debentures, which are the only assets of each trust, are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of our present and future senior indebtedness. We have fully and unconditionally guaranteed each trust’s obligations under the trust securities issued by such trust to the extent not paid or made by each trust, provided such trust has funds available for such obligations.
        Under the provisions of each issue of the debentures, we have the right to defer payment of interest on the debentures at any time, or from time to time, for periods not exceeding five years. If interest payments on either issue of the debentures are deferred, the distributions on the applicable trust preferred securities and common securities will also be deferred.
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Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) Advances 
        The FHLB allows us to borrow on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of each of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, total borrowing capacity of $429.3 million and $752.7 million, respectively, was available under this arrangement and $1.4 billion and $677.9 million, respectively, was outstanding with a weighted average interest rate of 0.95% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 1.99% for the year ended December 31, 2019. FHLB has also issued standby letters of credit to the Company for $513.4 million and $481.7 as of each of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.Our current FHLB advances mature within fifteen years. Other than FHLB borrowings, we had no other short-term borrowings at the dates indicated.
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.  
The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas ("FRB") has an available borrower in custody arrangement, which allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. Certain commercial and consumer loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $888.6 million and $843.9 million, respectively, were available under this arrangement based on collateral values of pledged commercial and consumer loans. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, no borrowings were outstanding under this arrangement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Liquidity involves our ability to raise funds to support asset growth and acquisitions or reduce assets to meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations, to maintain reserve requirements and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis and manage unexpected events. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019, our liquidity needs were primarily met by core deposits, wholesale borrowings, security and loan maturities and amortizing investment and loan portfolios. Use of brokered deposits, purchased funds from correspondent banks and overnight advances from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank are available and have been utilized to take advantage of the cost of these funding sources. We maintained five lines of credit with commercial banks that provide for extensions of credit with an availability to borrow up to an aggregate $175.0 million and $150.0 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were no advances under these lines of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
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The following table illustrates, during the periods presented, the mix of our funding sources and the average assets in which those funds are invested as a percentage of our average total assets for the period indicated. Average assets totaled $8.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $8.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 For theFor the
 Three Months EndedYear Ended
 March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Sources of Funds:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing18.8 %18.6 %
Interest-bearing32.5  33.3  
Certificates and other time deposits20.3  25.1  
Advances from FHLB11.5  6.3  
Other borrowings1.8  1.1  
Other liabilities0.5  0.6  
Stockholders’ equity14.6  15.0  
Total100.0 %100.0 %
Uses of Funds:
Loans72.7 %73.6 %
Securities available-for-sale12.8  12.3  
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks3.8  0.8  
Other noninterest-earning assets10.7  13.3  
Total100.0 %100.0 %
Average noninterest-bearing deposits to average deposits26.2 %35.9 %
Average loans to average deposits101.6 %96.1 %

Our primary source of funds is deposits, and our primary use of funds is loans. We do not expect a change in the primary source or use of our funds in the foreseeable future. Our average loans net of allowance for credit loss increased 0.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. We invest excess deposits in interest-bearing deposits at other banks, the Federal Reserve or liquid investments securities until these monies are needed to fund loan growth.
As of March 31, 2020, we had $1.6 billion in outstanding commitments to extend credit and $34.5 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. As of December 31, 2019, we had $2.0 billion in outstanding commitments to extend credit and $27.2 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the total outstanding may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.
As of March 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $430.8 million compared to $251.6 million as of December 31, 2019.
Analysis of Cash Flows
 For theFor the
 Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
 March 31, 2020March 31, 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities$39,730  $17,876  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(403,130) 112,771  
Net cash provided by financing activities542,692  124,377  
Net change in cash and cash equivalents$179,292  $255,024  

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Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
        For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by operating activities increased by $21.9 million when compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in cash from operating activities was primarily related to the Company having no merger and acquisition expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to $31.2 million of merger and acquisition expenses in the three months ending March 31, 2019.
Cash Flows(Used in) Provided by Investing Activities
        For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash used in investing activities increased by $515.9 million when compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to a $297.5 million increase in net loans held for investment, $112.7 million of cash received in excess of cash paid for the acquisition of Green during 219 with no corresponding cash received in excess of cash paid in 2020, and a decrease of $108.9 million in cash from sales of securities available for sale for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
        For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities increased by $418.3 million when compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to a $775.0 million increase in advances from the FHLB, partially offset by a $308.8 million decrease in deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
        As of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no exposure to future cash requirements associated with known uncertainties or capital expenditures of a material nature.
Share Repurchases
        On January 28, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors (the “Board”) originally authorized a stock buyback program (the "Stock Buyback Program") pursuant to which the Company could, from time to time, purchase up to $50 million of its outstanding common stock in the aggregate. The Board authorized increases of $50 million on September 3, 2019 and $75 million on December 12, 2019, resulting in an aggregate authorization to purchase up to $175 million under the Stock Buyback Program. The Board also authorized an extension of the original expiration date of the Stock Buyback Program from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The shares may be repurchased in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time, depending upon market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Stock Buyback Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares, and the program may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time prior to its expiration.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 2,002,211 shares were repurchased through the Stock Buyback Program and held as treasury stock at an average price of $24.78. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, 316,600 shares were repurchased through the Stock Buyback Program and held as treasury stock at an average price of $24.42.

Capital Resources
Total stockholders’ equity decreased to $1.1 billion as of March 31, 2020, compared to $1.2 billion as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2019, a decrease of $41.5 million, or 3.5%. The decrease from both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2019 was primarily the result of $49.6 million in stock buybacks, $8.7 million in dividends declared and paid and $15.5 million in CECL transition during the three months ended March 31, 2020. By comparison, total stockholders’ equity increased to $1.2 billion as of March 31, 2019, compared to $530.6 million as of December 31, 2019, an increase of $663.1 million, or 125.0%. The increase from December 31, 2019 was primarily the result of the acquisition of Green and $7.4 million in net income during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
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Capital management consists of providing equity to support our current and future operations. The bank regulators view capital levels as important indicators of an institution’s financial soundness. As a general matter, FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they hold. We are subject to regulatory capital requirements at the bank holding company and bank levels. See Note 12 – “Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Retained Earnings” in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional discussion regarding the regulatory capital requirements applicable to us and the Bank. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank was classified as “well capitalized” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we employ our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we expect to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us.
The following table presents the actual capital amounts and regulatory capital ratios for us and the Bank as of the dates indicated.
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20202019
 AmountRatioAmountRatio
 (Dollars in thousands)
Veritex Holdings, Inc.
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$918,866  12.48 %$917,939  13.10 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)730,461  9.92  771,679  11.02  
Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)701,401  9.53  742,675  10.60  
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)730,461  9.49  771,679  10.17  
Veritex Community Bank
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$912,112  12.37 %$870,838  12.44 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)834,035  11.31  840,126  12.00  
Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)834,035  11.31  840,126  12.00  
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)834,035  10.83  840,126  11.07  

Contractual Obligations
In the ordinary course of the Company’s operations, the Company enters into certain contractual obligations, such as future cash payments associated with its contractual obligations pursuant to its FHLB advance, non-cancelable future operating leases and qualified affordable housing investment and other borrowed funds. The Company believes that it will be able to meet its contractual obligations as they come due through the maintenance of adequate cash levels. The Company expects to maintain adequate cash levels through profitability, loan and securities repayment and maturity activity and continued deposit gathering activities. The Company has in place various borrowing mechanisms for both short-term and long-term liquidity needs.
Other than normal changes in the ordinary course of business and changes discussed within “Financial Condition—Borrowings,” there have been no significant changes in the types of contractual obligations or amounts due since December 31, 2019 as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Items
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in its condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company has only limited off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. The Company enters into these transactions to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s commitments to extend credit and outstanding standby letters of credit were $1.6 billion and $34.5 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend
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credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements. The Company manages the Company’s liquidity in light of the aggregate amounts of commitments to extend credit and outstanding standby letters of credit in effect from time to time to ensure that the Company will have adequate sources of liquidity to fund such commitments and honor drafts under such letters of credit.
Commitments to Extend Credit
The Company enters into contractual commitments to extend credit, normally with fixed expiration dates or termination clauses, at specified rates and for specific purposes. Substantially all of the Company’s commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customers maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding. The Company minimizes its exposure to loss under these commitments by subjecting them to credit approval and monitoring procedures.
Standby Letters of Credit
Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments that the Company issues to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, the customer is obligated to reimburse the Company for the amount paid under this standby letter of credit.
Impact of Inflation
Our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.
Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation.
Subsequent Events
        On April 28, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors declared a regular cash dividend of $0.17 per share on our outstanding common stock, payable on or after May 21, 2020 to shareholders of record as of May 7, 2020.
LIBOR Transition
        On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom (“FCA”), which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), announced that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. Given LIBOR’s extensive use across financial markets, the transition away from LIBOR presents various risks and challenges to financial markets and institutions, including to the Company. The Company’s commercial and consumer businesses issue, trade and hold various products that are currently indexed to LIBOR. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $1.1 billion of loans indexed to LIBOR that mature after 2021. The Company’s products that are indexed to LIBOR are significant, and if not sufficiently planned for, the discontinuation of LIBOR could result in financial, operational, legal, reputational or compliance risks to the Company.
        The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) has proposed the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as its preferred rate as an alternative to LIBOR. In 2019, the ARRC released final recommended fallback contract language for new issuances of LIBOR indexed bilateral business loans, syndicated loans, floating rate notes, securitizations, and adjustable rate mortgage loans. The International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. has developed fallback language that it expects to complete later in 2020.
        Due to the uncertainty surrounding the future of LIBOR, it is expected that the transition will span several reporting periods through the end of 2021. One of the major identified risks is inadequate fallback language in the various instruments’ contracts that may result in issues establishing the alternative index and adjusting the margin as applicable. The Company continues to monitor this activity and evaluate the related risks to its business.
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Critical Accounting Policies
        Our accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our management’s discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. We have identified certain significant accounting policies that involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in making certain estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies which we believe to be the most critical in preparing our consolidated financial statements relate to loans and allowance for credit losses, business combinations, investment securities, and loans held for sale. On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The impact of adopting this standard resulted in an increase in our allowance for credit losses of $39.1 million. Since December 31, 2019, there have been no other changes in critical accounting policies as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except for those updates discussed in Note 1 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
        This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on various facts and derived utilizing assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to the expected payment date of our quarterly cash dividend, impact of certain changes in our accounting policies, standards and interpretations, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken in response thereto, our future financial performance, business and growth strategy, projected plans and objectives, as well as other projections based on macroeconomic and industry trends, which are inherently unreliable due to the multiple factors that impact broader economic and industry trends, and any such variations may be material. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “projects,” “estimates,” “plans” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may” and “could” are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts, although not all forward-looking statements include the foregoing words. You should understand that the following important factors could affect our future results and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:
•risks related to the concentration of our business in Texas, and specifically within the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area, including risks associated with any downturn in the real estate sector and risks associated with a decline in the values of single family homes in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area;
•uncertain market conditions and economic trends nationally, regionally and particularly in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and Texas;
•changes in market interest rates that affect the pricing of our loans and deposits and our net interest income;
•risks related to our strategic focus on lending to small to medium-sized businesses;
•the sufficiency of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for potential loan losses;
•our ability to implement our growth strategy, including identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions;
•our ability to recruit and retain successful bankers that meet our expectations in terms of customer relationships and profitability;
•changes in our accounting policies, standards and interpretations;
•our ability to retain executive officers and key employees and their customer and community relationships;
•risks associated with our limited operating history and the relatively unseasoned nature of a significant portion of our loan portfolio;
•risks associated with our commercial real estate and construction loan portfolios, including the risks inherent in the valuation of the collateral securing such loans;
•risks associated with our commercial loan portfolio, including the risk for deterioration in value of the general business assets that generally secure such loans;
•potential changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of commercial and residential real estate securing our real estate loans;
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•risks related to the significant amount of credit that we have extended to a limited number of borrowers and in a limited geographic area;
•our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and to raise necessary capital to fund our acquisition strategy and operations or to meet increased minimum regulatory capital levels;
•potential fluctuations in the market value and liquidity of our investment securities;
•the effects of competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national and other providers of financial, investment and insurance services;
•our ability to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting;
•risks associated with fraudulent and negligent acts by our customers, employees or vendors;
•our ability to keep pace with technological change or difficulties when implementing new technologies;
•risks associated with difficulties and/or terminations with third-party service providers and the services they provide;
•risks associated with unauthorized access, cyber-crime and other threats to data security;
•potential impairment on the goodwill we have recorded or may record in connection with business acquisitions;
•our ability to comply with various governmental and regulatory requirements applicable to financial institutions;
•the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, such as the Dodd-Frank Act;
•uncertainty regarding the future of LIBOR and any replacement alternatives on our business;
•governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the policies of the Federal Reserve;
•our ability to comply with supervisory actions by federal and state banking agencies;
•changes in the scope and cost of FDIC, insurance and other coverage; and
•systemic risks associated with the soundness of other financial institutions

Other factors not identified above, including those described under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as well as the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, may also cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements. Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond our control. You should consider these factors in connection with considering any forward-looking statements that may be made by us. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events unless we are required to do so by law.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

        As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset, liability and funds management policy provides management with the guidelines for effective funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position. We manage our sensitivity position within our established guidelines.
        Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.
        We manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, interest rate swaps, financial options, financial future contracts or forward delivery contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.
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        Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Asset-Liability Committee of the Bank in accordance with policies approved by its board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk, which include an analysis of relationships between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and an interest rate shock simulation model.
        We use interest rate risk simulation models and shock analysis to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and fair value of equity, and the impact of changes in interest rates on other financial metrics. Contractual maturities and re-pricing opportunities of loans are incorporated in the model as are prepayment assumptions, maturity data and call options within the investment portfolio. Average life of our non-maturity deposit accounts are based on standard regulatory decay assumptions and are incorporated into the model. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.
        On a quarterly basis, we run two simulation models including a static balance sheet and dynamic growth balance sheet. These models test the impact on net interest income and fair value of equity from changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. Under the static and dynamic growth models, rates are shocked instantaneously and ramped rate changes over a 12-month horizon based upon parallel and non-parallel yield curve shifts. Parallel shock scenarios assume instantaneous parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario. Non-parallel simulation involves analysis of interest income and expense under various changes in the shape of the yield curve. Internal policy regarding internal rate risk simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated net interest income at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 12.5% for a 100 basis point shift, 15.0% for a 200 basis point shift, and 20.0% for a 300 basis point shift.
        The following table summarizes the simulated change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of the dates indicated:
 As of March 31, 2020As of December 31, 2019
 Percent ChangePercent ChangePercent ChangePercent Change
Change in Interestin Net Interestin Fair Valuein Net Interestin Fair Value
Rates (Basis Points)Incomeof EquityIncomeof Equity
+ 30015.51 %14.34 %14.51 %12.01 %
+ 20010.21 %11.45 %9.89 %9.42 %
+ 1005.59 %7.16 %5.17 %5.76 %
Base— %— %— %— %
−100(4.50)%(8.29)%(3.99)%(8.03)%
        The results are primarily due to behavior of demand, money market and savings deposits during such rate fluctuations. We have found that, historically, interest rates on these deposits change more slowly than changes in the discount and federal funds rates. This assumption is incorporated into the simulation model and is generally not fully reflected in a gap analysis. The assumptions incorporated into the model are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various strategies.

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Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures — As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting — In connection with the adoption of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020, the Company has made appropriate design and implementation updates to its business processes, systems and internal controls to support recognition and disclosure under the new standard. The Company’s adoption and implementation of ASU 2016-13 is discussed in Note 1 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1. Financial Statements.

Except as discussed above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of banking and other applicable regulations, competition law, labor laws and consumer protection laws, as well as claims or litigation relating to intellectual property, securities, breach of contract and tort. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously against any pending or future claims and litigation.

At this time, in the opinion of management, the likelihood is remote that the impact of such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

In evaluating an investment in our common stock, investors should consider carefully, among other things, the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as well as the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.
        There has been no material change in the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, with the exception of:

The novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the impact of actions to mitigate it could have a material adverse effect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and such effects will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict.

COVID-19 has led to federal, state and local governments enacting various restrictions in an attempt to limit the spread of the virus, including the declaration of a federal National Emergency; multiple cities’ and states’ declarations of states of emergency; school and business closings; limitations on social or public gatherings and other social distancing measures, such as working remotely, travel restrictions, quarantines and shelter in place orders. Such measures have significantly contributed to rising unemployment and reductions in consumer and business spending. In response to the economic and financial effects of COVID-19, the Federal Reserve has sharply reduced interest rates and instituted quantitative easing measures as well as domestic and global capital market support programs. In addition, the Trump Administration, Congress, various federal agencies and state governments have taken measures to address the economic and social consequences of the pandemic, including the passage of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, and the Main Street Lending Program. The CARES Act, among other things, provides certain measures to support individuals and businesses in maintaining solvency through monetary relief, including in the form of financing, loan forgiveness and automatic forbearance. Beginning in early April 2020, we began processing loan applications under the Paycheck Protection Program created under the CARES Act. The Federal Reserve’s Main Street Lending Program will offer deferred interest on 4-year loans to small and mid-sized businesses. Other banking regulatory agencies have encouraged lenders to extend additional loans, and the federal government is considering additional stimulus and support legislation focused on providing aid to various sectors, including small businesses. The full impact on our business activities as a result of new government and regulatory policies, programs and guidelines, as well as regulators’ reactions to such activities, remains uncertain..

The economic effects of the COVID-19 outbreak have had a destabilizing effect on financial markets, key market indices and overall economic activity. The uncertainty regarding the duration of the pandemic and the resulting economic disruption has caused increased market volatility and may lead to an economic recession and/or a significant decrease in consumer confidence and business generally. The continuation of these conditions caused by the outbreak, including the impacts of the CARES Act and other federal and state measures, specifically with respect to loan forbearances, can be expected to adversely impact our businesses and results of operations and the operations of our borrowers, customers and business partners. In particular, these events can be expected to, among other things:

•impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or other obligations, resulting in increases in delinquencies;
•impair the value of collateral securing loans (particularly with respect to real estate);
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•impair the value of our securities portfolio;
•require an increase in our allowance for credit losses or unfunded commitments;
•adversely affect the stability of our deposit base, or otherwise impair our liquidity;
•result in a triggering event that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform a goodwill impairment test and result in an impairment charge being recorded;
•reduce our wealth management revenues and the demand for our products and services;
•create stress on our operations and systems associated with our participation in the Paycheck Protection Program as a result of high demand and volume of applications;
•result in increased compliance risk as we become subject to new regulatory and other requirements associated with the Paycheck Protection Program and other new programs in which we participate;
•impair the ability of loan guarantors to honor commitments;
•negatively impact our regulatory capital ratios;
•negatively impact the productivity and availability of key personnel and other employees necessary to conduct our business, and of third-party service providers who perform critical services for us, or otherwise cause operational failures due to changes in our normal business practices necessitated by the outbreak and related governmental actions;
•increase cyber and payment fraud risk, given increased online and remote activity; and
•broadly result in lost revenue and income.

Prolonged measures by health or other governmental authorities encouraging or requiring significant restrictions on travel, assembly or other core business practices could further harm our business and those of our customers, in particular our small to medium-sized business customers. Although we have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, there is no assurance that they will be effective.

The ultimate impact of these factors is highly uncertain at this time and we do not yet know the full extent of the impacts on our business, our operations or the global economy as a whole. However, the decline in economic conditions generally and a prolonged negative impact on small to medium-sized businesses, in particular, due to COVID-19 may result in a material adverse effect to our business, financial condition and results of operations and may heighten many of our known risks described in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On January 28, 2019, the Company's Board originally authorized a stock buyback program (the "Stock Buyback Program") pursuant to which the Company could, from time to time, purchase up to $50 million of its outstanding common stock in the aggregate. The Board authorized increases of $50 million on September 3, 2019 and $75 million on December 12, 2019, resulting in an aggregate authorization to purchase up to $175 million under the Stock Buyback Program. The Board also authorized an extension of the original expiration date of the Stock Buyback Program from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The shares may be repurchased in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time, depending upon market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable regulations of the SEC. The Stock Buyback Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares and may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time prior to its expiration date. The following repurchases were made under the Stock Buyback Program during the three months ended March 31, 2020:
(a)(b)(c)(d)
PeriodTotal number of shares purchasedAverage price paid per share
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs1
Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs1
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 202077,800  $28.22  77,800  $78,272,000  
February 1, 2020 - February 28, 20201,052,506  27.89  1,052,506  48,912,000  
March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020871,905  20.72  871,905  30,850,000  
2,002,211  $24.78  2,002,211  $30,850,000  
74

1 The Board authorized increases of $50 million on September 3, 2019 and $75 million on December 12, 2019 in the dollar amount authorized for repurchase, resulting in an aggregate authorization to purchase up to $175 million under the Stock Buyback Program. The Board also authorized an extension of the original expiration date of the Stock Buyback Program from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020.



Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information

None.

Item 6.  Exhibits
 
Exhibit
Number		    Description of Exhibit
2.3

3.1
 
3.2
 
3.3
 
31.1*
 
31.2*
 
32.1**
 
32.2**
 
101* The following materials from Veritex Holdings, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Cover Page, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (vi) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vii) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
______________________________
* Filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
** Furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

75

SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
   
  VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC.
  (Registrant)
   
   
   
   
   
Date: May 7, 2020 /s/ C. Malcolm Holland, III
  C. Malcolm Holland, III
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
   
   
   
   
Date: May 7, 2020 /s/ Terry S. Earley
  Terry S. Earley
  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
   
   
   

76

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