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Veritex Holdings
VBTX
#5173
Rank
$1.65 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$30.26
Share price
0.00%
Change (1 day)
18.85%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. Veritex Holdings
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2022 Q1

Veritex Holdings - 10-Q quarterly report FY2022 Q1


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022
OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             .
Commission File Number: 001-36682
VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Texas 27-0973566
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer
incorporation or organization) identification no.)
   
8214 Westchester Drive, Suite 800  
Dallas,Texas 75225
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(972)349-6200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01VBTXNasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☒ Accelerated filer ☐
   
Non-accelerated filer☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 6, 2022, there were 53,962,875 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share.


VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
3
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021
4
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9
42
62
64
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION 
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2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Item 1. Financial Statements
3

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands, except par value and share information) 
March 31,December 31,
20222021
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks$51,966 $44,023 
Interest bearing deposits in other banks499,607 335,761 
Total cash and cash equivalents551,573 379,784 
Debt securities available-for-sale (“AFS”), at fair value1,063,249 993,058 
Debt securities held-to-maturity (“HTM”) (fair value of $169,818 and $61,446, at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)
181,265 59,436 
Equity securities14,880 15,393 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell100,818 102,288 
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries1,018 1,018 
Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (“FHLB”) Stock and Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) Stock71,983 71,892 
Total investments1,433,213 1,243,085 
Loans held for sale18,721 26,007 
Loans held for investment (“LHI”), Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans, carried at fair value18,512 53,369 
LHI, mortgage warehouse (“MW”)542,877 565,645 
LHI, excluding MW and PPP 7,125,429 6,766,009 
Less: Allowance for credit losses (“ACL”)(72,485)(77,754)
Total LHI, net7,614,333 7,307,269 
Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”)83,641 83,194 
Bank premises, furniture and equipment, net109,138 109,271 
Other real estate owned (“OREO”)1,062 — 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization63,986 66,017 
Goodwill404,452 403,771 
Other assets173,561 138,851 
Total assets$10,453,680 $9,757,249 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Deposits:  
Noninterest-bearing deposits$2,765,895 $2,510,723 
Interest-bearing transaction and savings deposits3,688,292 3,276,312 
Certificates and other time deposits1,435,409 1,576,580 
Total deposits7,889,596 7,363,615 
Accounts payable and other liabilities105,552 69,160 
Advances from FHLB777,522 777,562 
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes228,018 227,764 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase4,996 4,069 
Total liabilities9,005,684 8,442,170 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 8 and 11) 
Stockholders’ equity:  
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 60,547,018 and 56,010,423 shares issued at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; 53,908,924 and 49,372,329 shares outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
605 560 
Additional paid-in capital (“APIC”)1,297,161 1,142,758 
Retained earnings298,830 275,273 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”)18,982 64,070 
Treasury stock, 6,638,094 and 6,638,094 shares at cost at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
(167,582)(167,582)
Total stockholders’ equity1,447,996 1,315,079 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$10,453,680 $9,757,249 


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20222021
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees$71,443 $67,399 
Debt securities7,762 7,437 
Deposits in financial institutions and Fed Funds sold262 127 
Equity securities and other investments910 663 
Total interest and dividend income80,377 75,626 
Interest expense:
Transaction and savings deposits1,751 1,980 
Certificates and other time deposits1,380 3,061 
Advances from FHLB1,547 1,812 
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes2,659 3,138 
Total interest expense7,337 9,991 
Net interest income73,040 65,635 
Benefit for credit losses(500)— 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on unfunded commitments493 (570)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses73,047 66,205 
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts4,710 3,629 
Loan fees2,794 1,341 
Gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale307 507 
Government guaranteed loan income, net4,891 6,548 
Equity method investment income367 — 
Other2,028 2,147 
Total noninterest income15,097 14,172 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits27,513 22,932 
Occupancy and equipment4,517 4,096 
Professional and regulatory fees3,158 3,441 
Data processing and software expense2,921 2,319 
Marketing1,187 909 
Amortization of intangibles2,495 2,537 
Telephone and communications385 337 
Merger and acquisition (“M&A”) expense700 — 
Other3,696 3,026 
Total noninterest expense46,572 39,597 
Income before income tax expense41,572 40,780 
Income tax expense8,102 8,993 
Net income$33,470 $31,787 
Basic earnings per share$0.66 $0.64 
Diluted earnings per share$0.65 $0.64 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Net income$33,470 $31,787 
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized (losses) gains on securities AFS:
Change in net unrealized losses on securities AFS during the period, net(49,076)(19,437)
Amortization from transfer of securities from AFS to HTM4,255 — 
Net unrealized losses on securities AFS(44,821)(19,437)
Net unrealized (losses) gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges(13,381)27,271 
Other comprehensive (losses) income, before tax(58,202)7,834 
Income tax (benefit) expense(13,114)1,646 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(45,088)6,188 
Comprehensive (loss) income$(11,618)$37,975 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


6


VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
(In thousands, except for shares)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
 Common StockTreasury StockAPICRetained
Earnings		AOCITotal 
 SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 202149,372,329 $560 6,638,094 $(167,582)$1,142,758 $275,273 $64,070 $1,315,079 
Restricted stock units (“RSU”) vested, net of 67,965 shares withheld to cover taxes
187,801 2 — — (2,839)— — (2,837)
Exercise of employee stock options, net 28,064 and 5,738 shares withheld to cover taxes and exercise, respectively
34,320 — — — 98 — — 98 
Stock based compensation— — — — 3,318 — — 3,318 
Common stock follow on offering4,314,474 43 — — 153,826 — — 153,869 
Net income— — — — — 33,470 — 33,470 
Dividends paid— — — — — (9,913)— (9,913)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — (45,088)(45,088)
Balance at March 31, 202253,908,924 $605 6,638,094 $(167,582)$1,297,161 $298,830 $18,982 $1,447,996 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
 Common StockTreasury StockAPICRetained
Earnings		AOCI 
 SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Balance at December 31, 202049,337,768 $555 6,162,350 $(152,073)$1,126,437 $172,232 $56,225 $1,203,376 
Restricted stock units vested, net of 16,587 shares withheld to cover taxes
58,110 — — — (468)— — (468)
Exercise of employee stock options, net of 18,052 and 3,474 shares withheld to cover taxes and exercise, respectively
184,494 2 — — 2,877 — — 2,879 
Stock buyback(147,622)— 147,622 (4,074)— — — (4,074)
Stock based compensation— — — — 2,478 — — 2,478 
Net income— — — — — 31,787 — 31,787 
Dividends paid— — — — — (8,358)— (8,358)
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 6,188 6,188 
Balance at March 31, 202149,432,750 $557 6,309,972 $(156,147)$1,131,324 $195,661 $62,413 $1,233,808 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$33,470 $31,787 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangibles4,378 3,765 
Net accretion of time deposit premium, debt discount and debt issuance costs(16)(80)
Benefit for credit losses(7)(570)
Accretion of loan discount(1,598)(1,911)
Stock-based compensation expense3,318 2,478 
Excess tax benefit from stock compensation(992)(154)
Net amortization of premiums on debt securities811 730 
Unrealized loss on equity securities recognized in earnings513 199 
Change in cash surrender value and mortality rates of BOLI(447)(463)
Change in fair value of government guaranteed loans using fair value option(379)(917)
Gain on sales of mortgage loans held for sale(307)(507)
Gain on sales of government guaranteed loans(4,161)— 
Net impairment (recovery) of servicing asset 280 (128)
Originations of loans held for sale(12,613)(1,096)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale21,293 4,070 
Equity method investment income(367)— 
Termination of derivatives designated as hedging instruments— 43,900 
(Increase) decrease in other assets(9,687)10,554 
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities34,729 (8,437)
Net cash provided by operating activities68,218 83,220 
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Purchases of AFS debt securities(266,490)(79,816)
Proceeds from maturities, calls and pay downs of AFS debt securities33,880 40,102 
Purchases of HTM debt securities(5,068)(4,335)
Maturity, calls and paydowns of HTM debt securities25 1,222 
Purchases of other investments(91)(233)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities1,470 — 
Net loans originated(332,290)(184,586)
Proceeds from sale of government guaranteed loans4,910 — 
Net additions to bank premises, furniture and equipment(1,130)(661)
Net cash used in investing activities(564,784)(228,307)
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Net increase in deposits525,987 391,799 
Net increase (decrease) in advances from FHLB224 (39)
Net change in securities sold under agreement to repurchase927 552 
Net proceeds on sale of common stock in public offering153,869 — 
Payments to tax authorities for stock-based compensation(2,837)(468)
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options98 2,879 
Purchase of treasury stock— (4,074)
Dividends paid(9,913)(8,358)
Net cash provided by financing activities668,355 382,291 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents171,789 237,204 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period379,784 230,825 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$551,573 $468,029 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts) 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Organization
In this report, the words “Veritex,” “the Company,” refer to the combined entities of Veritex Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Veritex Community Bank. The word “Holdco” refers to Veritex Holdings, Inc. The word “the Bank” refers to Veritex Community Bank.
Veritex is a Texas state banking organization, with corporate offices in Dallas, Texas, and currently operates 18 branches located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and 10 branches in the Houston metropolitan area. The Bank provides a full range of banking services, including commercial and retail lending and the acceptance of checking and savings deposits, to individual and corporate customers. The Texas Department of Banking and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) are the primary regulators of the Company and the Bank, and both regulatory agencies perform periodic examinations to ensure regulatory compliance.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Veritex Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Veritex Community Bank.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), but do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. In management’s opinion, these unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 and consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Accounting measurements at interim dates inherently involve greater reliance on estimates than at year end and the results for the interim periods shown herein are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year due in part to global economic and financial market conditions, interest rates, access to sources of liquidity, market competition and interruptions of business processes. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions may also affect disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Segment Reporting
    The Company has one reportable segment. All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each activity of the Company supports the others. For example, lending is dependent upon the ability of the Company to fund itself with deposits and borrowings while managing interest rate and credit risk. Accordingly, all significant operating decisions are based upon an analysis of the Bank as one segment or unit. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, uses the consolidated results to make operating and strategic decisions.
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Reclassifications
Certain items in the Company’s prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)
EPS is based upon the weighted average shares outstanding. The table below sets forth the reconciliation between weighted average shares used for calculating basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Earnings (numerator)
Net income$33,470 $31,787 
Shares (denominator)
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic EPS50,695 49,394 
Dilutive effect of employee stock-based awards876 604 
Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding51,571 49,998 
EPS:
Basic$0.66 $0.64 
Diluted$0.65 $0.64 
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were 80 antidilutive shares excluded from the diluted EPS weighted average shares outstanding relating to restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and none relating to stock options. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, there were 75 antidilutive shares excluded from the diluted EPS weighted average shares outstanding, 23 relating to RSUs and 52 relating to stock options.

Transfers of debt securities from AFS to HTM

Transfers of debt securities into the HTM category from the AFS category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of transfer is retained in other comprehensive income and in the carrying value of the HTM securities. Such amounts are amortized over the remaining life of the security.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) ASU 2022-01, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)” (“ASU 2022-01”) clarifies the guidance in ASC 815 on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios and financial assets. Among other things, the amended guidance established the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible and renamed that method the “portfolio layer” method. ASU 2022-01 is effective January 1, 2023 and is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)” (“ASU 2022-02”) eliminates the guidance on troubled debt restructurings and requires entities to evaluate all loan modifications to determine if they result in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. ASU 2022-02 also requires that entities disclose current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination for loans and leases. ASU 2022-02 is effective January 1, 2023 and will have an impact on our financial statement disclosures.
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2. Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows
Other supplemental cash flow information is presented below:

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
(in thousands)
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:  
Cash paid for interest$5,368 $7,602 
Cash paid for income taxes— 15 
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Flow Information:  
Transfer of AFS debt securities to HTM debt securities117,001 — 
Net foreclosure of OREO and repossessed assets1,062 — 
Noncash assets acquired in business combination1
LHI(681)— 
Goodwill681 — 
1 Represents adjustments to provisional estimates recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 for the acquisition of North Avenue Capital, LLC (“NAC”). Refer to Note 13. Business Combinations for further discussion.

3. Share Transactions    
    The Company's Board of Directors (the “Board”) has authorized the purchase of up to $250,000 of the Company's outstanding common stock under a stock buyback program (the "Stock Buyback Program") with an expiration date of December 31, 2022. The shares may be repurchased in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time, depending upon market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable regulations of the SEC. The Stock Buyback Program does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares. The Stock Buyback Program may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time prior to its expiration.

    Shares repurchased through the periods indicated are as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Numbers of shares repurchased— 147,622 
Weighted average price per share— $26.83 

On March 8, 2022, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 3,947,369 shares of its common stock at $38.00 per share. On March 10, 2022, the representatives of the underwriters delivered to the Company a written notice of exercise by the underwriters of the underwriters' option to purchase an additional 367,105 shares of the Company's common stock at $38.00 per share, which subsequently closed on March 14, 2022. Net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, of such offering were approximately $153,826. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for general corporate purposes and to support its continued growth, including investments in the Bank and future strategic acquisitions.
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4. Securities
Equity Securities With a Readily Determinable Fair Value
The Company held equity securities with a fair value of $10,525 and $11,038 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company did not realize a loss on equity securities with a readily determinable fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or 2021. The gross unrealized loss recognized on equity securities with readily determinable fair values recorded in other noninterest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Unrealized loss recognized on equity securities with a readily determinable fair value$513 $199 
Equity Securities Without a Readily Determinable Fair Value
The Company held equity securities without a readily determinable fair values and measured at cost of $4,355 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Debt Securities
Debt securities have been classified in the consolidated balance sheets according to management’s intent. The amortized cost, related gross unrealized gains and losses, ACL and the fair value of AFS and HTM debt securities are as follows:
 March 31, 2022
 Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		ACLFair Value
AFS
Corporate bonds$262,839 $5,975 $1,593 $— $267,221 
Municipal securities50,335 993 1,006 — 50,322 
Mortgage-backed securities153,215 593 5,838 — 147,970 
Collateralized mortgage obligations493,702 613 16,192 — 478,123 
Asset-backed securities50,452 721 1,233 — 49,940 
Collateralized loan obligations70,179 — 506 — 69,673 
 $1,080,722 $8,895 $26,368 $— $1,063,249 
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesACLFair Value
HTM
Mortgage-backed securities$39,072 $— $3,340 $— $35,732 
Collateralized mortgage obligations37,618 203 2,339 — 35,482 
Municipal securities104,575 603 6,574 — 98,604 
$181,265 $806 $12,253 $— $169,818 
The Company elected to transfer 25 AFS debt securities with an aggregate fair value of $117,001 to a classification of HTM debt securities on January 1, 2022. In accordance with FASB ASC 320-10-35-10, the transfer from AFS to HTM must be recorded at the fair value of the AFS debt securities at the time of transfer. The net unrealized holding gain of $4,387, net of tax, at the date of transfer was retained in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), with the associated pre-tax amount retained in the carrying value of the HTM debt securities. Such amounts will be amortized to comprehensive income over the remaining life of the securities.
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 December 31, 2021
 Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		ACLFair Value
AFS
Corporate bonds$198,396 $10,294 $178 $— $208,512 
Municipal securities116,100 8,261 431 — 123,930 
Mortgage-backed securities124,230 4,326 1,489 — 127,067 
Collateralized mortgage obligations424,174 12,240 2,350 — 434,064 
Asset-backed securities53,466 1,616 519 — 54,563 
Collateralized loan obligations45,089 — 167 — 44,922 
 $961,455 $36,737 $5,134 $— $993,058 
Amortized
Cost		Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesACLFair Value
HTM
Mortgage-backed securities$25,767 $45 $508 $— $25,304 
Collateralized mortgage obligations5,490 560 — — 6,050 
Municipal securities28,179 2,015 102 — 30,092 
$59,436 $2,620 $610 $— $61,446 
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The following tables disclose the Company’s AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an ACL has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous loss position:
 March 31, 2022
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotals
 Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss
AFS
Corporate bonds$72,219 $1,593 $— $— $72,219 $1,593 
Municipal securities11,731 902 1,889 104 13,620 1,006 
Mortgage-backed securities57,918 2,515 27,791 3,323 85,709 5,838 
Collateralized mortgage obligations338,386 13,597 23,610 2,595 361,996 16,192 
Asset-backed securities24,209 464 10,918 769 35,127 1,233 
Collateralized loan obligations69,673 506 — — 69,673 506 
 $574,136 $19,577 $64,208 $6,791 $638,344 $26,368 
HTM
Mortgage-backed securities$19,592 $1,784 $16,141 $1,556 $35,733 $3,340 
Municipal securities75,221 6,281 2,005 293 77,226 6,574 
Collateralized mortgage obligations31,162 2,339 — — 31,162 2,339 
 $125,975 $10,404 $18,146 $1,849 $144,121 $12,253 
 December 31, 2021
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotals
 Fair
Value		Unrealized LossFair
Value		Unrealized LossFair
Value		Unrealized Loss
AFS
Corporate bonds$7,072 $178 $— $— $7,072 $178 
Municipal securities12,704 194 4,350 237 17,054 431 
Mortgage-backed securities40,276 1,283 4,677 206 44,953 1,489 
Collateralized mortgage obligations106,063 2,350 — — 106,063 2,350 
Asset-backed securities11,265 519 — — 11,265 519 
Collateralized loan obligations44,922 167 — — 44,922 167 
 $222,302 $4,691 $9,027 $443 $231,329 $5,134 
HTM
Mortgage-backed securities$24,214 $508 $— $— $24,214 $508 
Municipal securities4,583 102 — — 4,583 102 
$28,797 $610 $— $— $28,797 $610 

Management evaluates AFS debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
The number of AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position totaled 93 and 34 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Management does not have the intent to sell any of these debt securities and believes that it is more
14

likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such debt securities before a recovery of cost. The fair value is expected to recover as the debt securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2022, management believes that the unrealized losses detailed in the previous table are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no losses have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
    The amortized costs and estimated fair values of AFS debt securities, by contractual maturity, as of the dates indicated, are shown in the table below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, asset-backed securities, and collateralized loan obligations typically are issued with stated principal amounts, and the securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans and other loans that have varying maturities. The terms of mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, asset-backed securities, and collateralized loan obligations thus approximates the terms of the underlying mortgages and loans and can vary significantly due to prepayments. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories below.
March 31, 2022
AFSHTM
Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value		Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Due from one year to five years$39,412 $41,647 $— $— 
Due from five years to ten years204,782 206,454 4,304 4,330 
Due after ten years68,980 69,442 100,271 94,274 
313,174 317,543 104,575 98,604 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations646,917 626,093 76,690 71,214 
Asset-backed securities50,452 49,940 — — 
Collateralized loan obligations70,179 69,673 — — 
$1,080,722 $1,063,249 $181,265 $169,818 
December 31, 2021
AFSHTM
Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value		Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Due from one year to five years$5,201 $5,241 $— $— 
Due from five years to ten years178,203 186,972 3,849 4,115 
Due after ten years131,092 140,229 24,330 25,977 
314,496 332,442 28,179 30,092 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations548,404 561,131 31,257 31,354 
Asset-backed securities53,466 54,563 — — 
Collateralized loan obligations45,089 44,922 — — 
$961,455 $993,058 $59,436 $61,446 
No sales of AFS debt securities occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.
    As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders' equity. There was a blanket floating lien on all debt securities held by the Company to secure FHLB advances as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

15

5. LHI and ACL
LHI in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are summarized as follows:
 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
LHI, carried at amortized cost:
Real estate:        
Construction and land$1,297,338 $1,062,144 
Farmland48,095 55,827 
1 - 4 family residential604,408 542,566 
Multi-family residential272,250 310,241 
OOCRE633,615 665,537 
NOOCRE2,145,826 2,120,309 
Commercial2,125,900 2,006,876 
MW542,877 565,645 
Consumer9,533 11,998 
7,679,842 7,341,143 
Deferred loan fees, net(11,536)(9,489)
ACL(72,485)(77,754)
LHI carried at amortized cost, net7,595,821 7,253,900 
LHI, carried at fair value:
PPP loans18,512 53,369 
Total LHI, net$7,614,333 $7,307,269 
Included in the total LHI, net, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was an accretable discount related to purchased performing and purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans acquired within a business combination in the approximate amounts of $7,628 and $8,657, respectively. The discount is being accreted into income on a level-yield basis over the life of the loans. In addition, included in the net loan portfolio as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is a discount on retained loans from sale of originated U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans of $3,429 and $3,430, respectively.
LHI, PPP loans, carried at fair value
Included in total LHI, net, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $18,512 and $53,369, respectively, of PPP loans, which are carried at fair value. The following table summarizes the PPP fee income and net gain (loss) due to the change in the fair value of PPP loans, both of which are included in government guaranteed loan income, net, on the Company's consolidated statements of income and in change in fair value of government guaranteed loans using fair value option on the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows:
March 31, 2022March 31, 2021
PPP fee income$— $6,624 
Net gain (loss) due to the change in fair value175 (287)
These PPP loans were originated through an application to the SBA under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act and are 100% forgivable if certain criteria are met by the borrowers. As of March 31, 2022, we believe a majority of the Company’s PPP loans will meet such criteria.
16

ACL
The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The activity in the ACL related to LHI is as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
 Construction and LandFarmlandResidentialMultifamilyOOCRENOOCRECommercialConsumerTotal
Balance at beginning of year$7,293 $187 $5,982 $2,664 $9,215 $30,548 $21,632 $233 $77,754 
Credit loss (benefit) expense non-PCD loans1,595 (29)224 (537)813 (4,114)4,044 622 2,618 
Credit loss (benefit) expense PCD loans(5)— (72)— (1,264)673 (2,442)(8)(3,118)
Charge-offs— — — — (1,341)(553)(3,294)(134)(5,322)
Recoveries— — — — — 400 144 9 553 
Ending Balance$8,883 $158 $6,134 $2,127 $7,423 $26,954 $20,084 $722 $72,485 
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
 Construction and LandFarmlandResidentialMultifamilyOOCRENOOCRECommercialConsumerTotal
Balance at beginning of year$7,768 $56 $8,148 $6,231 $9,719 $35,237 $37,554 $371 $105,084 
Credit (benefit) loss expense non-PCD loans(949)(9)(1,144)(1,417)(1,615)4,074 (1,103)(54)(2,217)
Credit (benefit) loss expense PCD loans(14)— (24)— 1,018 192 1,050 (5)2,217 
Charge-offs— — (15)— — — (346)(18)(379)
Recoveries— — 3 — — — 226 2 231 
Ending Balance$6,805 $47 $6,968 $4,814 $9,122 $39,503 $37,381 $296 $104,936 
The majority of the Company's loan portfolio consists of loans to businesses and individuals in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area. This geographic concentration subjects the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within these areas. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the adequacy of the ACL. Management believes the ACL was adequate to cover estimated losses on loans as of March 31, 2022 and 2021.
A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans:
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
 
Real Property(1)
ACL Allocation
Real Property(1)
ACL Allocation
NOOCRE$17,551 $4,572 $17,908 $7,808 
Commercial1,085 84 1,702 — 
Consumer1,063 538 1,063 — 
Total$19,699 $5,194 $20,673 $7,808 
(1) Loans reported exclude PCD loans that transitioned upon adoption of ASC 326 and accounted for on a pooled basis.



17

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Nonaccrual loans aggregated by class of loans, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were as follows:
 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
NonaccrualNonaccrual With No ACLNonaccrualNonaccrual With No ACL
Real estate:        
1 - 4 family residential$1,005 $1,005 $990 $990 
OOCRE13,446 13,446 14,236 13,824 
NOOCRE17,739 189 17,978 191 
Commercial13,259 1,317 15,267 4,207 
Consumer1,231 168 1,216 1,216 
Total$46,680 $16,125 $49,687 $20,428 
    There were $10,678 and $11,056 of PCD loans that are not accounted for on a pooled basis included in nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
    During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, interest income not recognized on nonaccrual loans was $889 and $1,120, respectively.
An age analysis of past due loans, aggregated by class of loans and including past due nonaccrual loans, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, is as follows:
 March 31, 2022
 30 to 59 Days60 to 89 Days90 Days or GreaterTotal Past DueTotal CurrentPCDTotal
Loans
Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing(1)
Real estate:                            
Construction and land$1,400 $— $— $1,400 $1,294,062 $1,876 $1,297,338 $— 
Farmland— — — — 48,095 — 48,095 — 
1 - 4 family residential2,429 — 926 3,355 599,891 1,162 604,408 — 
Multi-family residential— — — — 272,250 — 272,250 — 
OOCRE3,114 509 13,446 17,069 593,946 22,600 633,615 — 
NOOCRE— — 17,739 17,739 2,112,843 15,244 2,145,826 — 
Commercial4,026 6,280 3,881 14,187 2,104,273 7,440 2,125,900 264 
MW430 — — 430 542,447 — 542,877 — 
Consumer68 35 1,161 1,264 8,099 170 9,533 — 
Total$11,467 $6,824 $37,153 $55,444 $7,575,906 $48,492 $7,679,842 $264 
(1) Loans 90 days past due and still accruing excludes $5,511 of PCD loans and $203 of PPP loans as of March 31, 2022.

18

 December 31, 2021
 30 to 59 Days60 to 89 Days90 Days or GreaterTotal Past DueTotal CurrentPCDTotal
Loans
Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing(1)
Real estate:                            
Construction and land$— $— $— $— $1,059,796 $2,348 $1,062,144 $— 
Farmland— — — — 55,827 — 55,827 — 
1 - 4 family residential2,073 — 1,008 3,081 538,307 1,178 542,566 24 
Multi-family residential— — — — 310,241 — 310,241 — 
OOCRE4,538 965 11,622 17,125 620,848 27,564 665,537 — 
NOOCRE936 — 192 1,128 2,100,981 18,200 2,120,309 — 
Commercial1,525 4,395 3,708 9,628 1,988,622 8,626 2,006,876 191 
MW— — — — 565,645 — 565,645 — 
Consumer135 105 1,082 1,322 10,499 177 11,998 20 
Total$9,207 $5,465 $17,612 $32,284 $7,250,766 $58,093 $7,341,143 $235 
(1) Loans 90 days past due and still accruing excludes $9,345 of PCD loans and $206 of PPP loans as of December 31, 2021.

Loans past due 90 days and still accruing were $264 and $235 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. These loans are also considered well-secured, and are in the process of collection with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current or to subsequently be renewed. The Company believes that it will collect all principal and interest due on each of the loans past due 90 days and still accruing.
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Modifications of terms for the Company’s loans and their inclusion as TDRs are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as TDRs may involve a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or deferral of principal payments, regardless of the period of the modification. The recorded investment in TDRs was $23,273 and $25,518 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
    There were no new TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The following tables presents the pre- and post-modification amortized cost of loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2021.


During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
 Adjusted Payment StructurePayment DeferralsTotal ModificationsNumber of Loans
Commercial real estate$240 $— $240 1 
Total$240 $— $240 1 

There were no loans modified as TDR loans within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. A default for purposes of this disclosure is a TDR loan in which the borrower is 90 days past due or results in the foreclosure and repossession of the applicable collateral.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, interest income that would have been recorded on TDR loans had the terms of the loans not been modified was $92 and $122, respectively.
The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans classified as TDRs as of March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
19

Credit Quality Indicators
    From a credit risk standpoint, the Company classifies its loans in one of the following categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard or (iv) doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. Loans not rated special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss are classified as pass loans.
    The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on criticized credits monthly. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is felt to be inherent in each credit as of each monthly reporting period. All classified credits are evaluated for impairment. If impairment is determined to exist, a specific reserve is established. The Company’s methodology is structured so that specific reserves are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).
    Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness, however, such concerns are generally not so pronounced that the Company expects to experience significant loss within the short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits with a lower rating.
    Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.
    Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and in which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on non-accrual.
    Credits classified as PCD are those that, at acquisition date, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. All loans considered to be purchased-credit impaired loans prior to January 1, 2020 were converted to PCD loans upon adoption of ASC 326. The Company elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. Loans are only removed from the existing pools if they are foreclosed, written off, paid off, or sold.
The Company considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension or renewal of a loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans based on year or origination is as follows:    
        
 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year1
 20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
As of March 31, 2022
Construction and land:
Pass$42,398 $530,492 $518,181 $113,127 $54,941 $27,712 $6,160 $838 $1,293,849 
Special mention— — 1,613 — — — — — 1,613 
PCD— — — — — 1,876 — — 1,876 
Total construction and land$42,398 $530,492 $519,794 $113,127 $54,941 $29,588 $6,160 $838 $1,297,338 
Farmland:
Pass$2,278 $16,697 $18,914 $25 $3,367 $5,533 $1,281 $— $48,095 
Total farmland$2,278 $16,697 $18,914 $25 $3,367 $5,533 $1,281 $— $48,095 
20

1 - 4 family residential:
Pass$26,827 $251,200 $102,312 $48,789 $52,176 $108,126 $11,245 $680 $601,355 
Special mention— — — — — 344 — — 344 
Substandard— — — — — 980 567 — 1,547 
PCD— — — — — 1,162 — — 1,162 
Total 1 - 4 family residential$26,827 $251,200 $102,312 $48,789 $52,176 $110,612 $11,812 $680 $604,408 
Multi-family residential:
Pass$28,596 $66,418 $59,149 $33,489 $51,868 $11,020 $46 $— $250,586 
Special mention— — — — 21,664 — — — 21,664 
Total multi-family residential$28,596 $66,418 $59,149 $33,489 $73,532 $11,020 $46 $— $272,250 
OOCRE:
Pass$12,150 $111,119 $101,059 $56,202 $60,078 $209,795 $2,566 $13,674 $566,643 
Special mention— 2,397 889 1,037 — 5,713 — — 10,036 
Substandard— — — — 23,628 10,708 — — 34,336 
PCD— — — — — 22,600 — — 22,600 
Total OOCRE$12,150 $113,516 $101,948 $57,239 $83,706 $248,816 $2,566 $13,674 $633,615 
NOOCRE:
Pass$150,063 $628,084 $271,385 $200,553 $285,499 $413,590 $7,237 $1,567 $1,957,978 
Special mention— — 741 2,170 44,414 72,686 — — 120,011 
Substandard— — — 1,770 9,889 40,934 — — 52,593 
PCD— — — — 13,785 1,459 — — 15,244 
Total NOOCRE$150,063 $628,084 $272,126 $204,493 $353,587 $528,669 $7,237 $1,567 $2,145,826 
Commercial:
Pass$92,216 $445,732 $170,620 $130,796 $58,092 $75,602 $1,048,204 $175 $2,021,437 
Special mention— 17,848 2,421 131 10,101 6,394 5,737 — 42,632 
Substandard— 4,744 4,918 6,137 13,579 6,463 18,550 — 54,391 
PCD— — — — 309 7,131 — — 7,440 
Total commercial$92,216 $468,324 $177,959 $137,064 $82,081 $95,590 $1,072,491 $175 $2,125,900 
MW:
Pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $542,447 $— $542,447 
Substandard— — — — — — 430 — 430 
Total MW$— $— $— $— $— $— $542,877 $— $542,877 
Consumer:
Pass$685 $899 $1,411 $437 $310 $3,341 $968 $— $8,051 
Special mention— — — — — 76 — — 76 
Substandard— — — 2 — 170 1,064 — 1,236 
PCD— — — — — 170 — — 170 
Total consumer$685 $899 $1,411 $439 $310 $3,757 $2,032 $— $9,533 
Total Pass$355,213 $2,050,641 $1,243,031 $583,418 $566,331 $854,719 $1,620,154 $16,934 $7,290,441 
21

Total Special Mention— 20,245 5,664 3,338 76,179 85,213 5,737 — 196,376 
Total Substandard— 4,744 4,918 7,909 47,096 59,255 20,611 — 144,533 
Total PCD— — — — 14,094 34,398 — — 48,492 
Total$355,213 $2,075,630 $1,253,613 $594,665 $703,700 $1,033,585 $1,646,502 $16,934 $7,679,842 
1 Term loans amortized cost basis by origination year excludes $11,536 of deferred loan fees, net.

 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year1
 20212020201920182017PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
As of December 31, 2021
Construction and land:
Pass$389,420 $453,262 $116,855 $57,637 $5,741 $29,182 $4,631 $1,163 $1,057,891 
Special mention— 1,593 — 312 — — — — 1,905 
PCD— — — — — 2,348 — — 2,348 
Total construction and land$389,420 $454,855 $116,855 $57,949 $5,741 $31,530 $4,631 $1,163 $1,062,144 
Farmland:
Pass$16,849 $28,655 $27 $3,367 $2,957 $2,643 $1,329 $— $55,827 
Total farmland$16,849 $28,655 $27 $3,367 $2,957 $2,643 $1,329 $— $55,827 
1 - 4 family residential:
Pass$191,333 $101,377 $54,826 $59,861 $27,743 $85,661 $12,659 $6,025 $539,485 
Special mention— — — — — 352 — — 352 
Substandard— — — — 81 903 567 — 1,551 
PCD— — — — — 1,178 — — 1,178 
Total 1 - 4 family residential$191,333 $101,377 $54,826 $59,861 $27,824 $88,094 $13,226 $6,025 $542,566 
Multi-family residential:
Pass$67,979 $59,239 $54,321 $68,531 $11,815 $27,020 $49 $— $288,954 
Special mention— — — 21,287 — — — — 21,287 
Total multi-family residential$67,979 $59,239 $54,321 $89,818 $11,815 $27,020 $49 $— $310,241 
OOCRE:
Pass$114,413 $111,516 $56,964 $73,112 $54,921 $174,500 $2,986 $2,965 $591,377 
Special mention2,420 — 1,052 — — 6,232 — — 9,704 
Substandard— 412 — 25,440 781 10,259 — — 36,892 
PCD— 1,377 — — 6,567 19,620 — — 27,564 
Total OOCRE$116,833 $113,305 $58,016 $98,552 $62,269 $210,611 $2,986 $2,965 $665,537 
NOOCRE:
Pass$628,140 $298,091 $254,566 $319,359 $56,710 $336,713 $5,861 $23,015 $1,922,455 
Special mention— 613 1,685 29,469 16,354 48,952 — 489 97,562 
Substandard— 48 1,775 26,209 1,581 52,479 — — 82,092 
PCD— — — 13,620 — 4,580 — — 18,200 
Total NOOCRE$628,140 $298,752 $258,026 $388,657 $74,645 $442,724 $5,861 $23,504 $2,120,309 
Commercial:
Pass$430,213 $187,370 $124,798 $65,186 $40,254 $52,491 $968,229 $19,130 $1,887,671 
Special mention7,958 2,341 149 15,136 1,069 3,368 3,482 2,589 36,092 
Substandard15,662 5,843 6,286 14,908 4,167 2,779 20,500 4,342 74,487 
22

PCD— — — 315 1,785 6,526 — — 8,626 
Total commercial$453,833 $195,554 $131,233 $95,545 $47,275 $65,164 $992,211 $26,061 $2,006,876 
MW:
Pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $564,850 $250 $565,100 
Substandard— — — — — — 545 — 545 
Total MW$— $— $— $— $— $— $565,395 $250 $565,645 
Consumer:
Pass$3,362 $1,566 $512 $408 $2,777 $784 $1,006 $25 $10,440 
Special mention— — — — 65 14 — — 79 
Substandard— — 22 — 177 39 1,064 — 1,302 
PCD— — — — 24 153 — — 177 
Total consumer$3,362 $1,566 $534 $408 $3,043 $990 $2,070 $25 $11,998 
Total Pass$1,841,709 $1,241,076 $662,869 $647,461 $202,918 $708,994 $1,561,600 $52,573 $6,919,200 
Total Special Mention10,378 4,547 2,886 66,204 17,488 58,918 3,482 3,078 166,981 
Total Substandard15,662 6,303 8,083 66,557 6,787 66,459 22,676 4,342 196,869 
Total PCD— 1,377 — 13,935 8,376 34,405 — — 58,093 
Total$1,867,749 $1,253,303 $673,838 $794,157 $235,569 $868,776 $1,587,758 $59,993 $7,341,143 
1 Term loans amortized cost basis by origination year excludes $9,489 of deferred loan fees, net.
Servicing Assets
The Company was servicing loans of approximately $518,612 and $261,885 as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. A summary of the changes in the related servicing assets are as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Balance at beginning of period$17,705 $3,363 
Increase from loan sales1,491 — 
Servicing asset impairment, net of recoveries(280)128 
Amortization charged as a reduction to income(748)(89)
Balance at end of period$18,168 $3,402 
Fair value of servicing assets is estimated by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets using discount rates that approximate current market rates over the expected lives of the loans being serviced. A valuation allowance is recorded when the fair value is below the carrying amount of the asset. As of March 31, 2022 and 2021 there was a valuation allowance of $908 and $428, respectively.
The Company may also receive a portion of subsequent interest collections on loans sold that exceed the contractual servicing fees. In that case, the Company records an interest-only strip based on its relative fair market value and the other components of the loans. There was no interest-only strip receivable recorded at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Bank sold $4,376 in SBA LHI and $20,000 in United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) LHI resulting in a gain of $533 and $3,628, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Bank sold no SBA or USDA LHI. The gain on sale of SBA and USDA loans is recorded in government guaranteed loan income, net, in the Company's consolidated statements of income. 




23

6. Fair Value
The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
 March 31, 2022
 Level 1
Inputs		Level 2
Inputs		Level 3
Inputs		Total
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
AFS debt securities$— $1,063,249 $— $1,063,249 
Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value10,525 — — 10,525 
PPP loans— 18,512 — 18,512 
Loans held for sale(1)
— 15,565 — 15,565 
Interest rate swap designated as hedging instruments— 13,931 — 13,931 
Correspondent interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments— 15,462 — 15,462 
Customer interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments— 289 — 289 
Correspondent interest rate caps and collars not designated as hedging instruments— 1 — 1 
Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swap designated as hedging instruments$— $21,453 $— $21,453 
Correspondent interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments— 348 — 348 
Customer interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments— 15,327 — 15,327 
Customer interest rate caps and collars not designated as hedging instruments— 1 — 1 
(1) Represents loans held for sale elected to be carried at fair value.
 December 31, 2021
 Level 1
Inputs		Level 2
Inputs		Level 3
Inputs		Total
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
 AFS debt securities$— $993,058 $— $993,058 
Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value11,038 — — 11,038 
PPP loans— 53,369 — 53,369 
Loans held for sale(1)
— 9,867 — 9,867 
Interest rate swap designated as hedging instruments— 7,001 — 7,001 
Correspondent interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments— 1,527 — 1,527 
Customer interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments— 3,261 — 3,261 
Customer interest rate caps and collars not designated as hedging instruments— 1 — 1 
Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swap designated as hedging instruments$— $1,404 $— $1,404 
Correspondent interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments— 3,498 — 3,498 
Customer interest rate caps and collars not designated as hedging instruments— 1,442 — 1,442 
Correspondent interest rate caps and collars not designated as hedging instruments— 1 — 1 
(1) Represents loans held for sale elected to be carried at fair value.
24

There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.
The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
 Fair Value
Measurements Using		 
 Level 1
Inputs		Level 2
Inputs		Level 3
Inputs		Total
Fair Value
As of March 31, 2022                
  Assets:    
Collateral dependent loans with an ACL$— $— $14,505 $14,505 
Servicing assets with a valuation allowance— — 17,419 17,419 
As of December 31, 2021    
  Assets:    
Collateral dependent loans with an ACL$— $— $10,100 $10,100 
Servicing assets with a valuation allowance— — 3,223 3,223 
At March 31, 2022, collateral dependent loans with an allowance had a recorded investment of $19,699, with $5,194 specific allowance for credit loss allocated. At December 31, 2021, impaired loans had a carrying value of $17,908, with $7,808 specific allowance for credit loss allocated.
At March 31, 2022, servicing assets of $18,327 had a valuation allowance totaling $908. At December 31, 2021, servicing assets of $3,850 had a valuation allowance totaling $627.
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
    The Company’s methods of determining fair value of financial instruments in this Note are consistent with its methodologies disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Please refer to Note 17 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on these methods.
25

    The estimated fair values and carrying values of all financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis under current authoritative guidance as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:
Fair Value
Carrying
Amount		Level 1Level 2Level 3
March 31, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$551,573 $— $551,573 $— 
HTM debt securities181,265 — 169,818 — 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell100,818 — 100,818 — 
Loans held for sale(1)
3,156 — 3,156 — 
PPP Loans18,512 — — 18,512 
LHI, excluding PPP loans(2)
7,649,794 — — 7,537,714 
Accrued interest receivable23,356 — 23,356 — 
BOLI83,641 — 83,641 — 
Servicing asset749 — 749 — 
Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value4,355 N/AN/AN/A
FHLB and FRB stock71,983 N/AN/AN/A
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$7,889,596 $— $7,401,333 $— 
Advances from FHLB777,522 — 770,158 — 
Accrued interest payable1,292 — 1,292 — 
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes228,018 — 228,018 — 
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase4,996 — 5,017 — 
December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$379,784 $— $379,784 $— 
HTM debt securities59,436 — 61,446 — 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell102,288 — 102,288 — 
Loans held for sale(1)
16,140 — 16,140 — 
LHI(2)
7,259,233 — — 7,283,992 
Accrued interest receivable22,008 — 22,008 — 
Bank-owned life insurance83,194 — 83,194 — 
Servicing asset14,482 — 14,482 — 
Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value4,355 N/AN/AN/A
FHLB and FRB stock71,892 N/AN/AN/A
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$7,363,615 $— $7,145,175 $— 
Advances from FHLB777,562 — 796,480 — 
Accrued interest payable1,507 — 1,507 — 
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes227,764 — 227,764 — 
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase4,069 — 4,026 — 
(1) Loans held for sale represent mortgage loans held for sale that are carried at lower of cost or market.
(2) LHI includes MW and is carried at amortized cost.
26

7. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company primarily uses derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, including interest rate risk and credit risk and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. Management will designate certain derivatives as hedging instruments in a qualifying hedge accounting relationship. The Company’s remaining derivatives consist of derivatives held for customer accommodation or other purposes.
The fair value of derivative positions outstanding is included in other assets and accounts payable and other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and in the net change in each of these financial statement line items in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. For derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, swap fee income and gains and losses due to changes in fair value are included in other noninterest income and the operating section of the consolidated statement of cash flows. For derivatives designated as hedging instruments, the entire change in the fair value related to the derivative instrument is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income or interest expense when the forecasted transaction affects income. The notional amounts and estimated fair values as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as shown in the table below.

 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Estimated Fair ValueEstimated Fair Value
 Notional
Amount		Asset DerivativeLiability DerivativeNotional
Amount		Asset DerivativeLiability Derivative
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (cash flow hedges):
Interest rate swap on money market deposit account payments$250,000 $13,931 $— $250,000 $4,541 $— 
Interest rate swap on customer loan interest payments125,000 — 7,780 125,000 — 867 
Interest rate swap on customer loan interest payments125,000 — 7,450 125,000 — 537 
Interest rate swap on customer loan interest payments125,000 — 6,223 125,000 2,460 — 
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments$625,000 $13,931 $21,453 $625,000 $7,001 $1,404 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:      
Financial institution counterparty:
      
Interest rate swaps$403,389 $15,462 $348 $379,787 $1,527 $3,498 
Interest rate caps and collars
33,716 1 — 41,916 — 1 
Commercial customer counterparty:
  
Interest rate swaps403,389 289 15,327 379,787 3,261 1,442 
Interest rate caps and collars
33,716 — 1 41,916 1 — 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$874,210 $15,752 $15,676 $843,406 $4,789 $4,941 
Offsetting derivative assets/liabilities
— (11,353)(11,353)— (2,609)(2,609)
Total derivatives$1,499,210 $18,330 $25,776 $1,468,406 $9,181 $3,736 

27

Pre-tax gain (loss) included in the consolidated statements of income and related to derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows.
 For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022		For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
 Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income on derivativeGain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into incomeLocation of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into incomeGain recognized in other comprehensive income on derivativeGain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into incomeLocation of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (cash flow hedges):
Interest rate swap on borrowing advances$(264)$264 Interest Expense$26,357 $— Interest Expense
Interest rate swap on money market deposit account payments9,389 (171)Interest Expense3,895 (199)Interest Expense
Commercial loan interest rate floor— — Interest Income— 541 Interest Income
Interest rate swaps on customer loan interest payments(22,506)1,078 Interest Income(2,981)224 Interest Income
Total$(13,381)$1,171 $27,271 $566 
Net gain recognized in other noninterest incomeNet gain recognized in other noninterest income
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps, caps and collars$719 $98 
Cash Flow Hedges
    Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. The Company uses interest rate swaps, floors, caps and collars to manage overall cash flow changes related to interest rate risk exposure on benchmark interest rate loans.
In March 2021, the Company entered into three fixed receive/pay variable interest rate swaps, each with a notional amount of $125,000, to hedge the variability of cash flow payments attributable to changes in interest rates in regards to forecasted of three-month attributable to changes in interest rates in regards to forecasted money market account borrowings from March 2021 through March 2028 and March 2021 through March 2031.
In March 2020, the Company entered into an interest rate swap for a notional amount of $500,000 to hedge the variability of cash flow payments attributable to changes in interest rates in regards to forecasted issuances of three-month term debt arrangements every three months from March 2022 through March 2032. These forecasted borrowings can be sourced from a FHLB advance, repurchase agreement, brokered certificate of deposit or some combination. This interest rate swap was terminated on February 24, 2021. The pre-tax gain of $43,900, resulting from the termination of the interest rate swap, will remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and will be accreted over a 10 year period starting in March 2022 unless the forecasted transactions become probable of not occurring. The gain accreted into income during the three months months ended March 31, 2022 was $264.

28

In March 2020, the Company entered into an interest rate swap for a notional amount of $250,000 to hedge the variability of cash flow payments attributable to changes in interest rates in regards to forecasted money market account borrowings from March 2020 through March 2025.

    In May 2019, the Company entered into a $275,000 notional interest rate floor for commercial loans with a two-year term. The interest rate floor had a purchased floor strike of 2.43%. In February 2020, the Company terminated this interest rate floor. The gain resulting from the termination of the interest rate floor will remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and will be accreted into earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship unless the forecasted transaction becomes probable of not occurring.
Interest Rate Swap, Floor, Cap and Collar Agreements Not Designated as Hedging Derivatives
    In order to accommodate the borrowing needs of certain commercial customers, the Company has entered into interest rate swap or cap agreements with those customers. These interest rate derivative contracts effectively allow the Company’s customers to convert a variable rate loan into a fixed rate loan. In order to offset the exposure and manage interest rate risk, at the time an agreement was entered into with a customer, the Company entered into an interest rate swap or cap with a correspondent bank counterparty with offsetting terms. These derivative instruments are not designated as accounting hedges and changes in the net fair value are recognized in noninterest income or expense. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for its customers, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts substantially offset each other and do not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations. The fair value amounts are included in other assets and other liabilities.
29

The following is a summary of the interest rate swaps, caps and collars outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
 March 31, 2022
 Notional AmountFixed RateFloating RateMaturityFair Value
Non-hedging derivative instruments:     
Customer interest rate derivative:     
Interest rate swaps - receive fixed/pay floating
$403,389 
2.970% - 8.470%
LIBOR 1 month + 2.2% - 5%
SOFR CME 1 month + 2.1% - 3.8%
SOFR-NYFD 30 day avg + 2.5% - 3.0%
Wtd. Avg.
4.6 years
$(15,038)
Interest rate cap$33,716 
3.000%
LIBOR 1 month + —%
Wtd. Avg.
0.4 years
$(1)
Correspondent interest rate derivative:     
Interest rate swaps - pay fixed/receive floating
$403,389 
2.970% - 8.470%
LIBOR 1 month + 2.2% - 5%
SOFR CME 1 month + 2.1% - 3.75%
SOFR-NYFD 30 day avg + 2.5% - 3.0%
Wtd. Avg.
4.6 years
$15,114 
Interest rate cap$33,716 
3.000%
LIBOR 1 month + —%
Wtd. Avg.
0.4 years
$1 
December 31, 2021
Notional AmountFixed RateFloating RateMaturityFair Value
Non-hedging derivative instruments:
Customer interest rate derivative:
Interest rate swaps - receive fixed/pay floating
$379,787 
2.970% - 8.470%
LIBOR 1 month + 2.200% - 5.000%
SOFR CME 1 month + 2.480% - 2.900%
SOFR-NYFD 30 day avg + 2.500% - 2.964%
Wtd. Avg.
4.8 years
$1,820 
Interest rate caps$41,916 
3.000% / 5.000%
LIBOR 1 month + —% - 2.500%
Wtd. Avg.
0.6 years
$1 
Correspondent interest rate derivative:
Interest rate swaps - pay fixed/receive floating
$379,787 
2.970% - 8.470%
LIBOR 1 month + 2.200% - 5.000%
SOFR CME 1 month + 2.480% - 2.900%
SOFR-NYFD 30 day avg + 2.500% - 2.964%
Wtd. Avg.
4.8 years
$(1,972)
Interest rate caps$41,916 
2.500% / 3.000%
LIBOR 1 month + —%
Wtd. Avg.
0.6 years
$(1)



30

8. Off-Balance Sheet Loan Commitments
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, MW commitments and standby and commercial letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to a financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, MW commitments and standby and commercial letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
The following table sets forth the approximate amounts of these financial instruments as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
 March 31,December 31,
 20222021
Commitments to extend credit$4,021,956 $3,809,509 
MW commitments844,415 716,370 
Standby and commercial letters of credit75,495 65,881 
Total$4,941,866 $4,591,760 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Management evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis and substantially all of the Company’s commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customers maintaining specific credit standards at the time of future loan funding. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower.
MW commitments are unconditionally cancellable and represent the unused capacity on MW facilities the Company has approved. The Company reserves the right to refuse to buy any mortgage loans offered for sale by a customer, for any reason, at the Company’s sole and absolute discretion.
Standby and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby and commercial letters of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company’s policy for obtaining collateral and the nature of such collateral is substantially the same as that involved in making commitments to extend credit.
The table below presents the activity in the allowance for unfunded commitment credit losses related to those financial instruments discussed above. This allowance is recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Beginning balance for ACL on unfunded commitments$9,266 $10,747 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on unfunded commitments493 (570)
Ending balance of ACL on unfunded commitments$9,759 $10,177 

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9. Stock-Based Awards
2010 Stock Option and Equity Incentive Plan (“2010 Incentive Plan”)
    The Company recognized no stock compensation expense related to the 2010 Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.
A summary of option activity under the 2010 Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the periods then ended, is presented below:
2010 Incentive Plan
 Non-Performance Based Stock Options
 Shares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 202120,000 $10.09 1.06
Exercised(18,300)10.00 
Outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 20211,700 $10.37 1.69
Outstanding at January 1, 20221,000 $10.43 1.07$147 
Outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 20221,000 $10.43 1.07$68 

As of March 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021 there was no unrecognized stock compensation expense related to non-performance based stock options.
    A summary of the fair value of the Company’s stock options exercised under the 2010 Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 is presented below:
Fair Value of Options Exercised as of March 31,
 20222021
Nonperformance-based stock options exercised— 543 
2019 Amended Plan and Green Acquired Omnibus Plans
2022 Grants of Restricted Stock Units
    During the three months ending March 31, 2022, the Company granted non-performance-based RSUs and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) under the 2019 Amended and Restatement Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Amended Plan”) and the Veritex (Green) 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan”). The majority of the RSUs granted to employees during the three months ending March 31, 2022 have an annual graded vesting over a three year period from the grant date.
    The PSUs granted in February 2022 are subject to a service, performance and market condition. The performance and market condition determine the number of awards to vest. The service period is from February 1, 2022 to January 31, 2025, the performance condition performance period is from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024 and the market condition performance period is from February 1, 2022 to January 31, 2025. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the fair value of PSUs on the grant date.
Stock Compensation Expense
Stock compensation expense for options, RSUs and PSUs granted under the 2019 Amended Plan and the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan were as follows:
32

Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
2019 Amended Plan$2,904 $1,981 
Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan414 497 
2019 Amended Plan
A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options under the 2019 Amended Plan as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 2019 Amended Plan
 Non-performance Based Stock Options
 Shares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2021975,801 $24.26 
Granted— — 
Forfeited(13,996)25.93 
Exercised(71,479)23.03 
Outstanding at March 31, 2021890,326 $24.34 7.54
Options exercisable at March 31, 2021560,176 $24.31 7.07
Outstanding at January 1, 2022710,043 $24.38 
Exercised(38,128)23.34 
Outstanding at March 31, 2022671,915 $24.44 6.65$9,226 
Options exercisable at March 31, 2022518,237 $24.45 6.35$7,108 

As of March 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021, there was $626, $803 and $2,047 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to options awarded under the 2019 Amended Plan, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2022 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 0.92 years.


A summary of the status of the Company’s RSUs under the 2019 Amended Plan as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 2019 Amended Plan
 RSUs
 UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2021441,132 $20.39 
Granted232,149 26.38 
Vested into shares(41,362)23.29 
Outstanding at March 31, 2021631,919 $22.40 
Outstanding at January 1, 2022598,051 $23.39 
Granted169,355 40.77 
Vested into shares(96,141)24.69 
Forfeited(2,350)26.12 
Outstanding at March 31, 2022668,915 $27.59 

33

A summary of the status of the Company’s PSUs under the 2019 Amended Plan as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 2019 Amended Plan
Performance-Based
 PSUs
 UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2021100,195 $23.20 
Granted56,276 26.12 
Outstanding at March 31, 2021156,471 $24.23 
Outstanding at January 1, 2022156,471 $24.17 
Granted39,429 40.38 
Incremental PSUs granted upon performance condition met31,655 
Vested into shares(94,991)21.49 
Outstanding at March 31, 2022132,564 $30.15 
As of March 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021 there was $16,882, $10,413 and $14,217 of total unrecognized compensation related to RSUs and PSUs awarded under the 2019 Amended Plan, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2022 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 2.31 years.
    A summary of the fair value of the Company’s stock options exercised, RSUs and PSUs vested under the 2019 Amended Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 is presented below:
Fair Value of Options Exercised or RSUs Vested in the Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Non-performance-based stock options exercised1,562 2,090 
RSUs vested2,524 1,113 
PSUs vested2,270 — 
34

Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan
A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 Non-performance Based Stock Options
 Shares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2021352,000 $19.99 
Forfeited(3,960)21.38 
Exercised(54,241)19.77 
Outstanding at March 31, 2021293,799 $20.01 6.65
Options exercisable at March 31, 2021222,312 $18.84 6.19
Outstanding at January 1, 2022217,804 $19.62 6.13$4,424 
Exercised(28,622)21.34 
Outstanding at March 31, 2022189,182 $19.37 5.57$3,595 
Options exercisable at March 31, 2022180,830 $18.81 5.45$3,501 

As of March 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021, there was $75, $100, and $497 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to options awarded under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2022 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 0.76 years.

35


A summary of the status of the Company’s RSUs under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2022 and 2021 and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:

RSUs
UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2021156,187 $21.15 
Granted5,692 26.12 
Vested into shares(33,335)21.38 
Forfeited(2,646)24.25 
Outstanding at March 31, 2021125,898 $21.25 
Outstanding at January 1, 2022122,784 $21.13 
Granted4,231 40.38 
Vested into shares(32,931)21.80 
Forfeited(2,558)29.13 
Outstanding at March 31, 202291,526 $21.55 

A summary of the status of the Company’s PSUs under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2022 and 2021 and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 PSUs
 UnitsWeighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 202130,728 $21.43 
Granted6,231 26.12 
Forfeited(724)19.69 
Outstanding at March 31, 202136,235 $22.27 
Outstanding at January 1, 202235,899 $22.26 
Granted4,411 40.38 
Incremental PSUs granted upon performance condition met10,566 
Vested into shares(31,703)19.69 
Outstanding at March 31, 202219,173 $29.26 
As of March 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2021, there was $1,399, $1,252, and $2,429, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation related to outstanding RSUs and PSUs awarded under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan to be recognized over a remaining weighted average requisite service period of 2.13 years.
36

    A summary of the fair value of the Company’s stock options exercised and RSUs vested under the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 presented below:
Fair Value of Options Exercised or RSUs Vested in the Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Non-performance-based stock options exercised$1,143 $1,582 
RSUs vested718 713 
PSU vested624 — 
Green 2010 Plan
In addition to the Veritex (Green) 2014 Plan discussed earlier in this Note, the Company assumed the Green Bancorp Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan (“Green 2010 Plan”).
A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options under the Green 2010 Plan as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the three months then ended, is as follows:
 Green 2010 Plan
 Non-performance Based Stock Options
 Shares
Underlying
Options		Weighted
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2021131,083 $11.60 
Exercised(62,000)10.50 
Outstanding at March 31, 202169,083 $12.59 2.90
Outstanding at January 1, 202266,143 $12.56 
Exercised(1,372)13.07 
Outstanding at March 31, 202264,771 $12.55 1.95$1,659 
A summary of the fair value of the Company’s stock options exercised under the Green 2010 Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 presented below:
Fair Value of Options Exercised as of March 31,
 20222021
Nonperformance-based stock options exercised56 1,812 

10. Income Taxes
    Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Income tax expense for the period$8,102 $8,993 
Effective tax rate19.5 %22.1 %
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company had an effective tax rate of 19.5%. The Company had a net discrete tax benefit of $992 associated with the recognition an excess tax benefit realized on share-based payment awards during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Excluding this discrete tax item, the Company had an effective tax rate of 21.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
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For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company had an effective tax rate of 22.1%. The Company had a net discrete tax expense of $272 associated with the recognition of a $426 true-up of a deferred tax liability and $154 in excess tax benefit realized on share-based payment awards during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Excluding this discrete tax item, the Company had an effective tax rate of 21.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

11. Legal Contingencies
Litigation
The Company may from time to time be involved in legal actions arising from normal business activities. In the opinion of management, there are no claims for which it is reasonably possible that an adverse outcome would have a material effect on the Company's financial position, liquidity or results of operations. The Company is not aware of any material unasserted claims.

12. Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Retained Earnings
Under applicable U.S. banking laws, there are legal restrictions limiting the amount of dividends the Company can declare. Approval of the regulatory authorities is required if, among other things, the effect of the dividends declared would cause regulatory capital of the Company to fall below specified minimum levels.
The Company on a consolidated basis and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements triggers certain mandatory actions and may lead to additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (“PCA”), the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and PCA classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings of assets, and other factors. In addition, an institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category that is lower than indicated by its capital ratios, if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters.

Under the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 and implementing regulations of the federal banking agencies, certain banking organizations with less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets may elect to satisfy a single Community Bank Leverage Ratio (“CBLR”) of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets in lieu of the generally applicable capital requirements of the capital rules implementing Basel III. Banks meeting all of the requirements under this framework are not required to report or calculate risk-based capital, and will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under PCA regulations. The Bank was eligible and elected to use the CBLR framework as of December 31, 2020; however, the Bank was no longer eligible to use the CBLR framework beginning as of June 30, 2021.

As a result of our no longer using the CBLR framework, we are subject to various quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy. These generally applicable capital requirements require a banking organization that does not operate under the CBLR framework to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total capital, Tier 1 capital, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The capital rules implementing Basel III also include a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% on top of each of the minimum risk-based capital ratios, and a banking organization with any risk-based capital ratio that meets or exceeds the minimum requirement but does not meet the capital conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and discretionary bonus payments based on the amount of the shortfall. Additionally, to be categorized as “well capitalized,” a bank that does not operate under the CBLR framework is required to maintain minimum total risk-based common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital ratios and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below.

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded those levels necessary to be categorized as “well capitalized”. There are no conditions or events since March 31, 2022 that management believes have changed the Company’s category.

In the first quarter of 2020, U.S. federal regulatory authorities issued an interim final rule that provides banking organizations that adopt CECL during the 2020 calendar year with the option to delay for two years the estimated impact of
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CECL on regulatory capital relative to regulatory capital determined under the prior incurred loss methodology, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during the initial two-year delay (i.e., a five-year transition in total). In connection with our adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the Company elected to utilize the five-year CECL transition. As a result, the effects of CECL on the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital was delayed through the year 2021, with the effects phased-in over a three-year period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024.
A comparison of the Company’s and Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios to required capital amounts and ratios is presented in the following table:
 Actual For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes		 To Be Well
Capitalized Under
PCA Provisions
 AmountRatio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
As of March 31, 2022
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets “RWA”)
Company$1,276,341 12.73 %$802,100 8.0 %n/an/a
Bank1,245,323 12.42 802,140 8.0 $1,002,676 10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to RWA)
Company1,016,916 10.14 601,725 6.0 n/an/a
Bank1,183,396 11.80 601,727 6.0 802,302 8.0 
Common equity tier 1 (to RWA)
Company987,414 9.84 451,561 4.5 n/an/a
Bank1,183,396 11.80 451,295 4.5 651,871 6.5 
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Company1,016,916 10.66 381,582 4.0 n/an/a
Bank1,183,396 12.41 381,433 4.0 476,791 5.0 
As of December 31, 2021
Total capital (to RWA)
Company$1,100,404 11.60 %$758,899 8.0 %n/an/a
Bank1,053,871 11.11 758,863 8.0 $948,579 10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to RWA)
Company843,585 8.89 569,349 6.0 n/an/a
Bank994,351 10.48 569,285 6.0 759,047 8.0 
Common equity tier 1 (to RWA)
Company814,138 8.58 426,995 4.5 n/an/a
Bank994,351 10.48 426,964 4.5 616,725 6.5 
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Company843,585 9.05 372,855 4.0 n/an/a
Bank994,351 10.69 372,068 4.0 465,085 5.0 
    
Dividend Restrictions

Dividends paid by the Bank are subject to certain restrictions imposed by regulatory agencies. Capital requirements further limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. No dividends were paid by the Bank to the Holdco during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Dividends of $8,440 were paid by the Bank to the Holdco during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Dividends of $9,913, or $0.20 per outstanding share on the applicable record date, were paid by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Dividends of $8,358, or $0.17 per outstanding share on the applicable record date, were paid by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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The Bank is subject to limitations on dividend payouts if, among other things, it does not have a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% or more. The Bank had a capital conservation buffer of 4.42% as of March 31, 2022.

13. Business Combinations

NAC

On November 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of NAC. Under this method of accounting, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess cost over fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. As the consideration paid for NAC exceeded the provisional value of the net assets acquired, goodwill of $32,931 related to the acquisition was recorded. This goodwill resulted from the combination of expected operational synergies and increased market share in the fragmented USDA lending space. The goodwill will be deducted for tax purposes.

The acquisition makes the Bank a leading player in the USDA Business and Industry lending program. It furthered the Company’s strategy of diversifying revenue streams and providing meaningful gain on sale and loan servicing fees. The Company will leverage NAC’s loan sourcing technology to further enhance the Company’s products and services.

Consideration

Under the terms of the definitive agreement for the acquisition, the Bank paid $57,500 in cash to existing shareholders of NAC. Three years after the transaction, NAC has the right, subject to adjustment, to receive an additional $5,000 in cash subject to certain performance measures. NAC will continue to operate under its current name and brand and in its current office space, as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank.

Fair Value

The following table presents the amounts recorded on the consolidated balance sheets on the acquisition date of November 1, 2021, showing the estimated fair value as reported at December 31, 2021, the measurement period adjustments and the fair value determined to be final as of March 31, 2022.

Estimate at December 31, 2021Measurement Period AdjustmentsFinal Fair Value
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents1,978 — 1,978 
LHI29,338 (681)28,657 
Servicing asset13,913 — 13,913 
Other assets690 — 690 
45,919 (681)45,238 
Liabilities assumed0
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses16,350 — 16,350 
16,350 — 16,350 
Fair value of net assets acquired29,569 (681)28,888 
Consideration:— 
Cash paid57,500 — 57,500 
Contingent consideration5,000 — 5,000 
Total consideration$62,500 $— $62,500 
Goodwill$32,931 $681 $33,612 

Acquisition-related Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company incurred no pre-tax merger and acquisition expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company incurred $826 of pre-tax merger and acquisition expenses.
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Acquired Loans and PCD Loans
Acquired loans were recorded at fair value based on a discounted cash flow valuation methodology that considers, among other things, projected default rates, loss given defaults and recovery rates. No ACL was carried over from NAC. The Bank did not identify any acquired PCD loans.

The following table discloses the fair value and contractual value of loans acquired from NAC on November 1, 2021:

Total acquired loans
Commercial$26,519 
Commercial Real Estate2,138 
Total fair value$28,657 
Contractual principal balance$29,338 


Supplemental Pro Forma Information (unaudited)

The following table presents supplemental pro forma information for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 as if the NAC acquisition was completed as of January 1, 2019. The pro forma results combine the historical results of NAC into the Company's consolidated statements of income, including the impact of certain purchase accounting adjustments, including loan discount accretion. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained had the acquisition actually occurred on January 1, 2019:

Year Ended December 31,
20202019
Net interest income$267,331 $286,313 
Net income84,368 93,939 
Basic EPS$1.69 $1.77 
Diluted EPS1.69 1.74 
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) as well as with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Except where the content otherwise requires or when otherwise indicated, the terms “Veritex,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our business” refer to the combined entities of Veritex Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Veritex Community Bank.

This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and are based on certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable but may prove to be inaccurate. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth under “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” may cause actual results to differ materially from the projected results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements. For additional information concerning forward-looking statements, please read “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.

Overview

    We are a Texas state banking organization with corporate offices in Dallas, Texas. Through our wholly owned subsidiary, Veritex Community Bank, a Texas state-chartered bank, we provide relationship-driven commercial banking products and services tailored to meet the needs of small to medium-sized businesses and professionals. Beginning at our operational inception in 2010, we initially targeted customers and focused our acquisitions primarily in the Dallas metropolitan area, which we consider to be Dallas and the adjacent communities in North Dallas. Our current primary markets now includes the broader Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area. As we continue to grow, we may expand to other metropolitan banking markets in Texas.

    Our business is conducted through one reportable segment, community banking, which generates the majority of our revenues from interest income on loans, customer service and loan fees, gains on sale of government guaranteed loans and mortgage loans and interest income from securities. We incur interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds and noninterest expense, such as salaries, employee benefits and occupancy expenses. We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and expense of our liabilities through net interest margin. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets.

    Changes in the market interest rates and interest rates we earn on interest-earning assets or pay on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volume and types of interest-earning assets, and interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest spread, net interest margin and net interest income. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in Texas and, specifically, in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and Houston metropolitan area, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, financial services, insurance, transportation, manufacturing and energy sectors within our target markets and throughout the state of Texas.

Recent Developments

COVID-19 Effects, Actions and Recent Developments

Overview. Our business has been, and continues to be, impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19. In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and a national emergency by the President of the United States. Efforts to limit the spread of COVID-19 have included quarantines/shelter-in-place orders, the closure or limiting capacity of businesses, travel restrictions, supply chain limitations and prohibitions on public gatherings, among other things, throughout many parts of the United States and, in particular, the markets in which we operate. As the current pandemic is ongoing and dynamic in nature, there are many uncertainties related to COVID-19 including, among other things, its severity; the duration of the outbreak; the impact to our customers, employees and vendors; the impact to the financial services and
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banking industry; and the impact to the economy as a whole as well as the effect of actions taken, or that may yet be taken, or inaction by governmental authorities to contain the outbreak or to mitigate its impact (both economic and health-related). COVID-19 has negatively affected, and is expected to continue to affect, our business, financial position and operating results. In light of the uncertainties and continuing developments discussed herein, the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19 cannot be reliably estimated at this time, but it has been and is expected to continue to be material. The longer-term potential impact on our business could depend to a large extent on future developments and actions taken by authorities and other entities to contain COVID-19 and its economic impact. Furthermore, the sustainability of the economic recovery observed in 2021 remains unclear and significant volatility could continue for a prolonged period as the potential exists for additional variants of COVID-19, including the recent Omicron variant, to impede the global economic recovery and exacerbate geographic differences in the spread of, and response to, COVID-19.

Impact on our Operations. In 2020, the State of Texas and many other jurisdictions declared health emergencies. The resulting closures and/or limited operations of non-essential businesses and related economic disruption impacted our operations as well as the operations of our customers. Financial services were identified as a Critical Infrastructure Sector by the Department of Homeland Security. Accordingly, our business remained open and we implemented our Business Continuity and Health Emergency Response plans to address the issues arising as a result of COVID-19 and to facilitate the continued delivery of essential services while maintaining a high level of safety for our customers as well as our employees. Nonetheless, as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be on-going, there continues to be uncertainties related to its magnitude, duration and persistent effects. This is particularly the case with the emergence, contagiousness and threat of new and different strains of the virus as well as the availability, acceptance and effectiveness of vaccines. As such, the COVID-19 pandemic could still, among other things, greatly affect our routine and essential operations due to staff absenteeism, particularly among key personnel; result in limited access to or closures of our branch facilities and other physical offices; exacerbate operational, technical or security-related risks arising from a remote workforce; and result in adverse government or regulatory agency orders. Additionally, we are experiencing an increasingly competitive labor market due to an on-going labor shortage which has impacted and could continue to impact our ability to staff open positions and/or retain existing employees and has resulted in and could continue to result in an increase in our staffing costs. The business and operations of our third-party service providers, many of whom perform critical services for our business, could also be significantly impacted by many of these same issues, which in turn could impact us. As a result, we continue to be unable to fully assess or predict the extent of the effects of COVID-19 on our operations as the ultimate impact will depend on factors that are currently unknown and/or beyond our control.

Impact on our Financial Position and Results of Operations. Our financial position and results of operations are particularly susceptible to the ability of our loan customers to meet loan obligations, the availability of our workforce, the availability of our vendors and the decline in the value of assets held by us. While its effects continue to be on-going, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant decrease in commercial activity throughout the State of Texas as well as nationally. This decrease in commercial activity caused and, in light of new and different strains of the virus, may yet further cause our customers (including affected businesses and individuals), vendors and counterparties to be unable to meet existing payment or other obligations to us. The national public health crisis arising from the COVID-19 pandemic (and public expectations about it), combined with other factors, including, but not limited to, inflation, labor shortages, supply chain disruption and further oil price volatility, could, despite improvements in 2021, again destabilize the financial markets and geographies in which we operate. The resulting economic pressure on consumers and uncertainty regarding the sustainability of any economic improvements could further impact the creditworthiness of potential and current borrowers. Borrower loan defaults that adversely affect our earnings correlate with deteriorating economic conditions, which, in turn, are likely to impact our borrowers’ creditworthiness and our ability to make loans. See further information related to the risk exposure of our loan portfolio under the sections captioned “Loans” and “Allowance for Credit Losses” elsewhere in this discussion.

In addition, the economic pressures and uncertainties arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in and may continue to result in specific changes in consumer and business spending and borrowing and saving habits, affecting the demand for loans and other products and services we offer. Consumers affected by COVID-19 may continue to demonstrate changed behavior even after the crisis is over. For example, consumers may decrease discretionary spending on a permanent or long-term basis and certain industries may take longer to recover (particularly those that rely on travel or large gatherings) as consumers may be hesitant to return to full social interaction. We lend to customers operating in such industries including energy, hotels/lodging, restaurants, entertainment and commercial real estate, among others, that have been significantly impacted by COVID-19 and we are continuing to monitor these customers closely. Additionally, the temporary closures of bank branches in 2020 and the safety precautions implemented at re-opened branches could result in consumers becoming more comfortable with technology and devaluing face-to-face interaction. Our business is relationship driven and such changes could necessitate changes to our business practices to accommodate changing consumer behaviors.
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Legislative and Regulatory Actions. Actions taken by the federal government and the Federal Reserve and other bank regulatory agencies to mitigate the economic effects of COVID-19 have impacted our financial position and results of operations. These actions are further discussed below.

During 2020, in an effort to provide monetary stimulus to counteract the economic disruption caused by COVID-19, the Federal Reserve:

•    Expanded reverse repo operations, adding liquidity to the banking system.
•    Restarted quantitative easing.
•    Lowered the interest rate at the discount window by 1.5% to 0.25%.
•    Reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent.
•    Encouraged banks to use their capital and liquidity buffers to lend.
•    Introduced and expanded several new temporary programs to help preserve market liquidity.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted. The CARES Act contains substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a loan program administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”). Under the PPP, small businesses, sole proprietorship’s, independent contractors and self-employed individuals were eligible to apply for forgivable loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved lenders that enrolled in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. Subsequent legislation, including as noted below, allocated additional funding to the PPP. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, enacted on December 27, 2020, provided additional funding for the PPP and allowed eligible borrowers, including certain borrowers who already received a PPP loan, to apply for PPP loans through March 31, 2021. The SBA began accepting PPP applications under the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 on January 13, 2021. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, enacted on March 11, 2021, expanded the eligibility criteria for PPP loans and revised the exclusions from payroll costs for purposes of loan forgiveness. The PPP Extension Act of 2021, enacted on March 30, 2021, extended the PPP through May 31, 2021.

Banks and bank holding companies have been particularly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of disruption and volatility in the global capital markets. We are closely monitoring the potential for new laws and regulations impacting lending and funding practices as well as capital and liquidity standards. Such changes could require us to maintain significantly more capital, with common equity as a more predominant component, or manage the composition of our assets and liabilities to comply with formulaic liquidity requirements.

Veritex Response. We have taken deliberate actions to ensure that we have the balance sheet strength to serve our clients and communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, including increasing our liquidity and reserves supported by a strong capital position. In order to protect the health of our customers and employees, and to comply with applicable governmental directives, we implemented our operational response and preparedness plan, which includes, among other things, dispersion of critical operation processes, increased monitoring focused on higher risk operations, enhanced remote access security and further restricted internet access, enhanced security around wire transfer execution and flexible scheduling provided to employees who are unable to work from home.

Beginning in early April 2020, we began processing loan applications under the PPP, and in January 2021 we began processing applications under the latest round of the PPP. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. If a loan is fully forgiven, the SBA will repay the lending bank in full. If a loan is partially forgiven or not forgiven at all, a bank must look to the borrower for repayment of unforgiven principal and interest. If the borrower defaults, the loan is guaranteed by the SBA. In order to obtain loan forgiveness, a PPP borrower must submit a forgiveness application. The SBA began approving forgiveness applications on October 2, 2020.


Uncertainties in certain future economic conditions exist, and we have taken deliberate actions in response to these uncertainties, including increased levels of on balance sheet liquidity and increased capital ratio levels. We continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 closely, as well as any effects that may result from the CARES Act and the subsequent legislation enacted in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, as discussed above; however, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our operations and financial results is highly uncertain.

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Capital and liquidity

As of March 31, 2022, all of our and the Bank’s capital ratios were in excess of all regulatory requirements. While we believe that we have sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, our reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. We rely on cash on hand as well as dividends from the Bank to service our debt. If our capital deteriorates such that the Bank is unable to pay dividends to us for an extended period of time, we may not be able to service our debt.

We maintain access to multiple sources of liquidity. Wholesale funding markets have remained open to us with stable and low rates for short term funding. If an economic recession caused large numbers of our deposit customers to withdraw their funds, we might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

Asset valuation

Currently, we do not expect the COVID-19 pandemic to affect our ability to account timely for the assets on our balance sheet; however, this could change in future periods. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments will change to account for pandemic-related circumstances such as widening credit spreads, we do not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with GAAP.


Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

General

    Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $33.5 million, an increase of $1.7 million, or 5.3%, from net income of $31.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
    Basic EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.66. Diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $0.65, an increase of $0.01 from $0.64 for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Net Interest Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, net interest income totaled $73.0 million and net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.22% and 3.04%, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, net interest income totaled $65.6 million and net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.22% and 2.99%, respectively. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a $4.0 million increase in interest income on loans and a $1.7 million decrease in certificates and other time deposits, a $479 thousand decrease in interest expense on subordinated debentures and subordinated debt and a $229 thousand decrease in interest-bearing demand and savings deposits during the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net interest margin was unchanged from 3.22% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, primarily due to a decrease in average yields earned on loan balances, offset by decreases in the average rate paid on interest-bearing demand and savings deposits and certificate and other time deposits in the three months ended March 31, 2022. As a result, the average cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased to 0.26% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 from 0.45% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, interest expense totaled $7.3 million and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.50%. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, interest expense totaled $10.0 million and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.72%. The year-over-year decrease was due to decreases in the average rates paid on interest-bearing demand and savings deposits and certificates and other time deposits and a change in deposit mix.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, an analysis of net interest income by each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the average amounts outstanding and the interest earned or paid on such amounts. The table also sets forth the average rates earned on interest-earning assets, the average rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and the net interest margin on average total interest-earning assets for the same periods. Interest earned on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is not recognized in income; however, the balances are reflected in average outstanding balances for the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, interest income not recognized on nonaccrual loans was $889 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively. Any nonaccrual loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield.
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For the Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
InterestInterest
AverageEarned/AverageAverageEarned/Average
OutstandingInterestYield/OutstandingInterestYield/
BalancePaidRateBalancePaidRate
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets                                                       
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(1)
$6,872,943 $68,297  4.03 %$5,897,815 $62,702  4.31 %
LHI, MW421,680 3,069 2.95 510,678 3,815 3.03 
PPP loans31,335 77 1.00 356,356 882 1.00 
Debt Securities1,140,834 7,762  2.76  1,063,538 7,437  2.84 
Interest-earning deposits in other banks554,864 262  0.19  341,483 127  0.15 
Equity securities and other investments190,002 910  1.94  87,178 663  3.08 
Total interest-earning assets9,211,658 80,377  3.54  8,257,048 75,626  3.71 
ACL(77,843)   (105,972)  
Noninterest-earning assets865,107   790,195   
Total assets$9,998,922   $8,941,271   
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity      
Interest-bearing liabilities:      
Interest-bearing demand and savings deposits$3,471,645 $1,751  0.20 %$3,038,586 $1,980  0.26 %
Certificates and other time deposits1,501,852 1,380 0.37 1,509,836 3,061 0.82 
Advances from FHLB777,538 1,547  0.81  777,694 1,812  0.94 
Subordinated debentures and subordinated debt231,875 2,659  4.65  265,356 3,138  4.80 
Total interest-bearing liabilities5,982,910 7,337  0.50  5,591,472 9,991  0.72 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:      
Noninterest-bearing deposits2,591,504    2,069,233   
Other liabilities67,060    56,272   
Total liabilities8,641,474    7,716,977   
Stockholders’ equity1,357,448    1,224,294   
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity9,998,922   $8,941,271   
Net interest rate spread(2)
  3.04 %  2.99 %
Net interest income$73,040  $65,635  
Net interest margin(3)
 3.22 % 3.22 %
(1) Includes average outstanding balances of loans held for sale of $12,769 and $16,602 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively, and average balances of LHI, excluding MW and PPP loans.
(2) Net interest rate spread is equal to the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.
(3) Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

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The following table presents the changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and distinguishes between the changes attributable to changes in volume and interest rates. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 2022 vs. 2021
 Increase (Decrease) 
 Due to Change in 
 VolumeRateTotal
 (In thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans$10,367 $(4,772)$5,595 
LHI, MW(665)(81)(746)
PPP loans(805)— (805)
Debt Securities541 (216)325 
Equity securities and other investments781 (534)247 
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks79 56 135 
Total increase (decrease) in interest income10,298 (5,547)4,751 
Interest-bearing liabilities:  
Interest-bearing demand and savings deposits282 (511)(229)
Certificates and other time deposits(16)(1,665)(1,681)
Advances from FHLB— (265)(265)
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes(396)(83)(479)
Total decrease in interest expense(130)(2,524)(2,654)
Increase (decrease) in net interest income$10,428 $(3,023)$7,405 
Provision for Credit Losses
Our provision for credit losses is a charge to income in order to bring our ACL to a level deemed appropriate by management. We recorded a benefit for credit losses of $500 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to no provision or benefit for the same period in 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we also recorded a $493 thousand provision for unfunded commitments, which was attributable to higher unfunded balances.

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Noninterest Income
Our primary sources of recurring noninterest income are service charges and fees on deposit accounts, loan fees, gains on the sale of mortgage loans, government guaranteed loan income, net, equity method investment income, net, and other income. Noninterest income does not include loan origination fees, which are generally recognized over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method.
The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:
 For the  
 Three Months Ended March 31,Increase
 20222021(Decrease)
 (In thousands)
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts$4,710 $3,629 $1,081 
Loan fees2,794 1,341 1,453 
Gain on sales of mortgage loans307 507 (200)
Government guaranteed loan income, net4,891 6,548 (1,657)
Equity method investment income, net367 — 367 
Other2,028 2,147 (119)
Total noninterest income$15,097 $14,172 $925 

Noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $925 thousand, or 6.5%, to $15.1 million compared to noninterest income of $14.2 million for the same period in 2021. The primary driver of the increase was as follows:
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts. We earn service charges and fees from our customers for deposit-related activities. The income from these deposit activities constitutes a significant and predictable component of our noninterest income. Service charges and fees on deposit accounts were $4.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $1.1 million or 29.8%, over the same period in 2021. This increase was primarily due to increases in analysis charges of $636 thousand, ATM and debit card fees of $256 thousand, and other fee income of $163 thousand.
Loan fees. We earn certain fees in connection with funding and servicing loans. Loan fees were $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to $1.3 million for the same period in 2021. The increase of $1.5 million, or 108.4%, was primarily due to increases in syndication fees of $1.0 million and prepayment fees on CRE of $358 thousand.
Government guaranteed loan income, net. Government guaranteed loan income, net, includes non-interest income earned on PPP loans as well as income related to the sales of government guaranteed loans. The decrease in government guaranteed loan income, net, of $1.7 million or 25.3% was primarily due to the decrease of $6.6 million in fees earned on PPP loans for the three months ended March 31, 2021 with no corresponding PPP loan originations during the three months ended March 31, 2022. This decrease is offset by an increase of $4.2 million on the gain on sale of SBA and USDA loans, as well as an increase of $729 thousand in loan valuations during the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021.

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Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, acquiring and retaining customer relationships and providing bank services. The major component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy expenses, depreciation and amortization of office equipment, professional fees and regulatory fees, data processing and software expenses, marketing expenses and amortization of intangibles.
The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,Increase (Decrease)
 20222021
 (In thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits$27,513 $22,932 $4,581 
Non-staff expenses:
Occupancy and equipment4,517 4,096 421 
Professional and regulatory fees3,158 3,441 (283)
Data processing and software expense2,921 2,319 602 
Marketing1,187 909 278 
Amortization of intangibles2,495 2,537 (42)
Telephone and communications385 337 48 
Merger and acquisition expense700 — 700 
Other3,696 3,026 670 
Total noninterest expense$46,572 $39,597 $6,975 
 
Noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $7.0 million, or 17.6%, to $46.6 million compared to noninterest expense of $39.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The most significant components of the increase were as follows:

Salaries and employee benefits. Salaries and employee benefits include payroll expense, the cost of incentive compensation, benefit plans, health insurance and payroll taxes. These expenses are impacted by the amount of direct loan origination costs, which are required to be deferred in accordance with ASC 310-20. Salaries and employee benefits were $27.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $4.6 million, or 20.0%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to a (i) $2.7 million increase in salaries resulting from continued investment in talent, (ii) $960 thousand increase in stock-based compensation resulting from the vesting of February 1, 2019 performance restricted stock unit awards which vested at 150% due the Company’s performance (as defined by the equity awards) and (iii) $829 thousand increase in FICA taxes.

Merger and acquisition expense. This category includes legal, professional, audit, regulatory and other expenses incurred in connection with a pending or completed merger or acquisition. Merger and acquisition expenses incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2022, were related to our proposed transaction to acquire interLINK, a technology-enabled deposit gathering and processing platform which is expected to close in the third quarter of 2022.
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Income Tax Expense
 
Income tax expense is a function of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect current statutory income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. As of March 31, 2022, we did not believe a valuation allowance was necessary.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, income tax expense totaled $8.1 million, a decrease of $891 thousand, compared to an income tax expense of $9.0 million for the same period in 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we had an effective tax rate of 19.5%. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily a result of the recognition of a $992 thousand excess tax benefit realized on share-based payment awards during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Excluding discrete tax items, the Company had an effective tax rate of 21.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.


Financial Condition
 
Our total assets increased $696.4 million, or 7.1%, from $9.8 billion as of December 31, 2021 to $10.5 billion as of March 31, 2022.  Our asset growth was due to the continued execution of our strategy to establish deep relationships in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area. We believe these relationships will continue to bring in new customer accounts and grow balances from existing loan and deposit customers.
 
Loan Portfolio
 
Our primary source of income is interest on loans to individuals, professionals, small to medium-sized businesses and commercial companies located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and Houston metropolitan area. Our loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial loans and real estate loans secured by commercial real estate ("CRE") properties located in our primary market areas. Our loan portfolio represents the highest yielding component of our interest-earning asset base.
 
As of March 31, 2022, total LHI, excluding ACL, was $7.7 billion, an increase of $294.5 million, or 4.0%, compared to $7.4 billion as of December 31, 2021. The increase was the result of the continued execution and success of our loan growth strategy. In addition to these amounts, $18.7 million and $26.0 million in loans were classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
 
Total LHI, excluding MW and PPP loans, as a percentage of deposits were 90.5% and 92.0% as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Total LHI, excluding MW and PPP loans, as a percentage of assets were 68.2% and 69.3% as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated:
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20222021
 TotalPercentTotalPercent
 (Dollars in thousands)
Commercial$2,125,900 27.7 %$2,006,876 27.3 %
MW542,877 7.1 %565,645 7.7 %
Real estate:  
Owner Occupied CRE (“OOCRE”)633,615 8.3 %665,537 9.1 %
Non-owner Occupied CRE (“NOOCRE”)2,145,826 27.9 %2,120,309 28.9 %
Construction and land1,297,338 16.9 %1,062,144 14.5 %
Farmland48,095 0.6 %55,827 0.8 %
1-4 family residential604,408 7.9 %542,566 7.4 %
Multifamily272,250 3.5 %310,241 4.2 %
Consumer9,533 0.1 %11,998 0.2 %
Total LHI, carried at amortized cost(1)
$7,679,842 100.0 %$7,341,143 100.0 %
LHI, PPP loans, carried at fair value$18,512 100.0 %$53,369 100.0 %
Total loans held for sale$18,721 100.0 %$26,007 100.0 %
(1) Total LHI, carried at amortized cost, excludes $11.5 million and $9.5 million of deferred loan fees, net, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
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Nonperforming Assets

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets at the dates indicated: 
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20222021
 (Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans(1)
$46,680 $49,687 
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due264 235 
Total nonperforming loans46,944 49,922 
Other real estate owned: 
Commercial real estate, construction, land and land development1,062 — 
Total other real estate owned1,062 — 
Total nonperforming assets$48,006 $49,922 
 Troubled debt restructured loans—nonaccrual19,248 19,746 
 Troubled debt restructured loans—accruing4,025 5,772 
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans0.66 %0.74 %
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets0.46 %0.51 %
(1) At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, nonaccrual loans included PCD loans of $10,678 and $11,506, respectively, not accounted for on a pooled basis.

The following table presents information regarding nonaccrual loans by category as of the dates indicated:
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20222021
(In thousands)
Commercial$13,259 $15,267 
Real estate:
OOCRE13,446 14,236 
NOOCRE17,739 17,978 
1-4 family residential1,005 990 
Consumer1,231 1,216 
Total$46,680 $49,687 

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Potential Problem Loans

The following tables summarize our internal ratings of our loans as of the dates indicated.
 March 31, 2022
 PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardPCDTotal
Real estate:
Construction and land$1,293,849 $1,613 $— $1,876 $1,297,338 
Farmland48,095 — — — 48,095 
1 - 4 family residential601,355 344 1,547 1,162 604,408 
Multi-family residential250,586 21,664 — — 272,250 
OOCRE566,643 10,036 34,336 22,600 633,615 
NOOCRE1,957,978 120,011 52,593 15,244 2,145,826 
Commercial2,021,437 42,632 54,391 7,440 2,125,900 
MW542,447 — 430 — 542,877 
Consumer8,051 76 1,236 170 9,533 
Total$7,290,441 $196,376 $144,533 $48,492 $7,679,842 
 December 31, 2021
 PassSpecial
Mention		SubstandardPCDTotal
Real estate:
Construction and land$1,057,891 $1,905 $— $2,348 $1,062,144 
Farmland55,827 — — — 55,827 
1 - 4 family residential539,485 352 1,551 1,178 542,566 
Multi-family residential288,954 21,287 — — 310,241 
OOCRE591,377 9,704 36,892 27,564 665,537 
NOOCRE1,922,455 97,562 82,092 18,200 2,120,309 
Commercial1,887,671 36,092 74,487 8,626 2,006,876 
MW565,100 — 545 — 565,645 
Consumer10,440 79 1,302 177 11,998 
Total$6,919,200 $166,981 $196,869 $58,093 $7,341,143 
 
ACL on LHI
We maintain an ACL that represents management’s best estimate of the credit losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. In determining the ACL, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the ACL is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates.
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The following table presents, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the ACL and other related data:
 As ofAs of
 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
  Percent Percent
 Amountof TotalAmountof Total
 (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:                
Construction and land$8,883 12.3 %$7,293 9.4 %
Farmland158 0.2 187 0.2 
1 - 4 family residential6,134 8.5 5,982 7.7 
Multi-family residential2,127 2.9 2,664 3.4 
OOCRE7,423 10.2 9,215 11.9 
NOOCRE26,954 37.2 30,548 39.3 
Total real estate$51,679 71.3 %$55,889 71.9 %
Commercial20,084 27.7 21,632 27.8 
Consumer722 1.0 233 0.3 
Total ACL$72,485 100.0 %$77,754 100.0 %

The ACL decreased $5.3 million to $72.5 million as of March 31, 2022 from December 31, 2021. The decrease in the ACL compared to December 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to net charge-offs of $4.8 million and a decrease in specific reserves on certain nonaccrual loans slightly offset by an increase in general reserves as a result of continued loan growth.

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The following table presents, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the ACL and other related data:

 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2022March 31, 2021
 (Dollars in thousands)
Average loans outstanding, excluding PPP loans(1)
$7,294,623 $6,391,891 
Amortized costs of loans outstanding at end of period excluding MW and PPP loans(1)
7,125,429 5,963,493 
Amortized costs of loans outstanding at end of period, excluding PPP loans(1)
7,668,306 6,563,185 
ACL at beginning of period77,754 105,084 
Benefit for credit losses(500)— 
Charge-offs:  
Real estate:  
Residential— (15)
OOCRE(1,341)— 
NOOCRE(553)— 
Commercial(3,294)(346)
Consumer(134)(18)
Total charge-offs(5,322)(379)
Recoveries:  
Real estate:  
Residential— 3 
NOOCRE400 — 
Commercial144 226 
Consumer9 2 
Total recoveries553 231 
Net charge-offs(4,769)(148)
ACL at end of period$72,485 $104,936 
Ratio of ACL to end of period loans excluding MW and PPP loans1.02 %1.76 %
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans0.07 %— %
(1)Excludes loans held for sale.

Although we believe that we have established our ACL in accordance with GAAP and that the ACL was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio. If we experience economic declines or if asset quality deteriorates, material additional provisions could be required.
 
Equity Securities
As of March 31, 2022, we held equity securities with a readily determinable fair value of $10.5 million compared to $11.0 million as of December 31, 2021. These equity securities primarily represent investments in a publicly traded Community Reinvestment Act fund and are subject to market pricing volatility, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings.

The Company held equity securities without a readily determinable fair values and measured at cost of $4.4 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company measures equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.




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Securities purchased under agreements to resell

As of March 31, 2022, we held securities purchased under agreements to resell of $100.8 million and we recognized interest income of $270 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2022. We held no securities purchased under agreements to resell during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Securities purchased under agreements to resell typically mature 30 days from the settlement date, qualify as a secured borrowing and are measured at amortized cost.

FHLB Stock and FRB Stock

As of March 31, 2022, we held FHLB stock and FRB stock of $72.0 million compared to $71.9 million as of December 31, 2021. The Bank is a member of its regional FRB and of the FHLB system. FHLB members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. Both FRB and FHLB stock are carried at cost, restricted for sale, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Debt Securities
We use our debt securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements. As of March 31, 2022, the carrying amount of debt securities totaled $1.2 billion, an increase of $192.0 million, or 18.2%, compared to $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to purchases of debt securities of $271.6 million and net unrealized gains $44.8 million, partially offset by maturities, calls, and paydowns of $33.9 million. Debt securities represented 11.9% and 10.8% of total assets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, a portion of the AFS securities were reclassified to the HTM category.
All of our mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored entities. We do not hold any Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac preferred stock, corporate equity, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, structured investment vehicles, private label collateralized mortgage obligations, subprime, Alt-A, or second lien elements in our investment portfolio. As of March 31, 2022, our investment portfolio did not contain any securities that are directly backed by subprime or Alt-A mortgages.
 
    Management evaluates available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. As of March 31, 2022, management believes that available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no ACL have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company also recorded no ACL for its held to maturity debt securities as of March 31, 2022.
    As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we did not own securities of any one issuer other than U.S. government agency securities for which aggregate cost exceeded 10.0% of our stockholders’ equity as of such respective dates.
Equity Method Investments
On July 16, 2021, the Bank completed an investment to acquire a 49% interest in Thrive Mortgage, LLC (“Thrive”) for $54.9 million in cash and obtained the right to designate a member to Thrive’s board of directors. As a result of the investment, we have a $35.8 million basis difference which is being accounted for as equity method goodwill.

We had $61.1 million in equity method investments as of March 31, 2022 and reported $367 thousand of income resulting from this investment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 which represents our proportionate share of our investee’s income.

Deposits.

Total deposits as of March 31, 2022 were $7.9 billion, an increase of $526.0 million, or 7.1%, compared to $7.4 billion as of December 31, 2021. The increase from December 31, 2021 was primarily the result of increases of $412.0 million in
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interest-bearing transaction and savings deposits and $255.2 million in noninterest-bearing demand deposits partially offset by $141.2 million decrease in certificates and other time deposits.
Borrowings
We utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below.
FHLB Advances 
The FHLB allows us to borrow on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of each of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, total borrowing capacity of $787.9 million and $777.5 million, respectively, was available under this arrangement and $228.0 million and $227.8 million, respectively, was outstanding with a weighted average interest rate of 0.94% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021. FHLB has also issued standby letters of credit to the Company for $777.5 million and $777.6 million as of each of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our current FHLB advances mature within fifteen years. Other than FHLB borrowings, we had no other short-term borrowings at the dates indicated.
FRB  
The FRB has an available borrower in custody arrangement, which allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. Certain securities and commercial and consumer loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $995.1 million was available under this arrangement based on collateral values of pledged commercial and consumer loans. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no borrowings were outstanding under this arrangement.
Junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes
The table below details our junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes. Refer to Note 14 “Borrowed Funds” in our 2021 10-K for further discussion on the details of our junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes.
March 31, 2022
BalanceRate
(Dollars in thousands)
Junior subordinated debentures
Parkway National Capital Trust I$3,093 2.03%
SovDallas Capital Trust I8,609 4.24%
Patriot Bancshares Capital Trust I5,155 2.09%
Patriot Bancshares Capital Trust II17,011 1.98%
Subordinated notes
4.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes75,000 4.75%
4.125% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes125,000 4.13%

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Liquidity management involves our ability to raise funds to support asset growth and acquisitions or reduce assets to meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations, to maintain reserve requirements and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis and manage unexpected events. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, our liquidity needs were primarily met by core deposits, wholesale borrowings, security and loan maturities and amortizing investment and loan portfolios. Use of brokered deposits, purchased funds from correspondent banks and overnight advances from the FHLB and the FRB are available and have been utilized to take advantage of the cost of these funding sources. We maintained five lines of credit with commercial banks that provide for extensions of credit with an availability to borrow up to an aggregate of $175.0 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. There were no advances under these lines of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
In addition, $18.5 million was available in conjunction with the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Program (“PPPLF”) which is a lending facility offered by the FRB to facilitate lending to small businesses under the PPP. As of March 31, 2022, we have not utilized the PPPLF.
The following table illustrates, during the periods presented, the mix of our funding sources and the average assets in which those funds are invested as a percentage of our average total assets for the period indicated. Average assets totaled $10.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and $9.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021.
 For theFor the
 Three Months EndedYear Ended
 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Sources of Funds:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing25.9 %24.1 %
Interest-bearing34.7 34.2 
Certificates and other time deposits15.0 16.5 
Advances from FHLB7.8 8.3 
Other borrowings2.3 2.8 
Other liabilities0.7 0.6 
Stockholders’ equity13.6 13.5 
Total100.0 %100.0 %
Uses of Funds:
Loans72.7 %73.2 %
Securities available-for-sale11.3 12.0 
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks5.5 1.5 
Other noninterest-earning assets10.5 13.3 
Total100.0 %100.0 %
Average noninterest-bearing deposits to average deposits34.3 %32.3 %
Average loans, excluding PPP and MW, to average deposits90.9 %89.9 %
Our primary source of funds is deposits, and our primary use of funds is loans. We do not expect a change in the primary source or use of our funds in the foreseeable future. Our average LHI increased 10.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. We invest excess deposits in interest-bearing deposits at other banks, the Federal Reserve or liquid investments securities until these monies are needed to fund loan growth.
As of March 31, 2022, we had $4.0 billion in outstanding commitments to extend credit, $844.4 million in unconditionally cancellable MW commitments and $75.5 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. As of December 31, 2021, we had $3.8 billion in outstanding commitments to extend credit, $716.4 million in MW commitments and $65.9 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the total outstanding may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.
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As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $551.6 million compared to $379.8 million as of December 31, 2021.
Analysis of Cash Flows
 For theFor the
 Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
 March 31, 2022March 31, 2021
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$68,218 $83,220 
Net cash used in investing activities(564,784)(228,307)
Net cash provided by financing activities668,355 382,291 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents$171,789 $237,204 
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
    For the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $15.0 million when compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease in cash from operating activities was primarily related to the cash received for the termination of derivatives designated as hedging instruments of $43.9 million for three months ended March 31, 2021 and a increase in originations of loans held for sale of $11.5 million.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
    For the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash used in investing activities increased by $336.5 million when compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to a $186.7 million increase in purchases of AFS debt securities and a $147.7 million increase in originations of net loans held for investment. This decrease was partially offset by a decrease of $6.2 million of maturities, calls and paydowns of AFS debt securities.
Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
    For the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities increased by $286.1 million when compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to a $134.2 million increase in deposits and a $153.9 million increase proceeds from our common stock offering completed during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
    As of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we had no exposure to future cash requirements associated with known uncertainties or capital expenditures of a material nature.
Capital Resources
Total stockholders’ equity increased to $1.45 billion as of March 31, 2022, compared to $1.32 billion as of December 31, 2021, an increase of $132.9 million, or 10.1%. The increase from December 31, 2021 to March 31, 2022 was primarily the result of our $153.8 million common stock offering, $33.5 million of net income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022, a $3.3 million in stock-based compensation recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and a $98 thousand increase due to the exercise of employee stock options. This increase was partially offset by $45.1 million in other comprehensive income and $9.9 million in dividends declared and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
By comparison, total stockholders’ equity increased to $1.23 billion as of March 31, 2021, compared to $1.20 billion as of December 31, 2020, an increase of $30.4 million, or 2.5%. The increase from December 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021 was primarily the result of $31.8 million of net income recognized, an increase of $6.2 million in other comprehensive income, a $2.9 million increase due to the exercise of employee stock options, and $2.5 million in stock-based compensation recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021. This increase was partially offset by $4.1 million in stock buybacks and $8.4 million in dividends declared and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
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Capital management consists of providing equity to support our current and future operations. Our regulators view capital levels as important indicators of an institution’s financial soundness. As a general matter, FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they hold. We are subject to regulatory capital requirements at the bank holding company and bank levels. See Note 12 – “Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Retained Earnings” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional discussion regarding the regulatory capital requirements applicable to us and the Bank. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank was classified as “well capitalized” for purposes of the PCA regulations. As we employ our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we expect to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us.
On March 8, 2022, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 3,947,369 shares of its common stock at $38.00 per share. On March 10, 2022, the representatives of the underwriters delivered to the Company a written notice of exercise by the underwriters of the underwriters' option to purchase an additional 367,105 shares of the Company's common stock at $38.00 per share, which subsequently closed on March 14, 2022. Net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, of such offering were approximately $153.8 million. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for general corporate purposes and to support its continued growth, including investments in Veritex Bank and future strategic acquisitions.

The following table presents the actual capital amounts and regulatory capital ratios for us and the Bank as of the dates indicated.
 As of March 31,As of December 31,
 20222021
 AmountRatioAmountRatio
 (Dollars in thousands)
Veritex Holdings, Inc.
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,276,341 12.73 %$1,100,404 11.60 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,016,916 10.14 843,585 8.89 
Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)987,414 9.84 814,138 8.58 
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)1,016,916 10.66 843,585 9.05 
Veritex Community Bank
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)$1,245,323 12.42 %$1,053,871 11.11 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)1,183,396 11.80 994,351 10.48 
Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)1,183,396 11.80 994,351 10.48 
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)1,183,396 12.41 994,351 10.69 
Contractual Obligations
In the ordinary course of the Company’s operations, we have entered into contractual obligations and have made other commitments to make future payments. Other than normal changes in the ordinary course of business and changes discussed within “Financial Condition—Borrowings,” there have been no significant changes in the types of contractual obligations or amounts due as of March 31, 2022 since December 31, 2021 as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Impact of Inflation
Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.
Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation.
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Critical Accounting Policies
    Our accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our management’s discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. We have identified certain significant accounting policies which involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in making certain estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies which we believe to be the most critical in preparing our consolidated financial statements relate to allowance for credit losses, business combinations, debt securities and goodwill. Since December 31, 2021, there have been no changes in critical accounting policies as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, except for those updates discussed in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
    This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on various facts and derived utilizing assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to the expected payment date of our quarterly cash dividend, impact of certain changes in our accounting policies, standards and interpretations, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken in response thereto, our future financial performance, business and growth strategy, projected plans and objectives, as well as other projections based on macroeconomic and industry trends, which are inherently unreliable due to the multiple factors that impact broader economic and industry trends, and any such variations may be material. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “projects,” “estimates,” “plans” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may” and “could” are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts, although not all forward-looking statements include the foregoing words. You should understand that the following important factors could affect our future results and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•risks related to the concentration of our business in Texas, and specifically within the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area, including risks associated with any downturn in the real estate sector and risks associated with a decline in the values of single family homes in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and the Houston metropolitan area;
•uncertain market conditions and economic trends nationally, regionally and particularly in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, Houston metropolitan area and Texas, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•risks related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations;
•possible additional loan losses and impairment of the collectability of loans, particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the programs implemented by the CARES Act, including its automatic loan forbearance provisions, and our PPP lending activities;
•the effects of regional or national civil unrest;
•changes in market interest rates that affect the pricing of our loans and deposits and our net interest income;
•risks related to our strategic focus on lending to small to medium-sized businesses;
•the sufficiency of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for potential loan losses;
•our ability to implement our growth strategy, including identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions;
•our ability to recruit and retain successful bankers that meet our expectations in terms of customer relationships and profitability;
•changes in our accounting policies, standards and interpretations;
•our ability to retain executive officers and key employees and their customer and community relationships;
•risks associated with our CRE and construction loan portfolios, including the risks inherent in the valuation of the collateral securing such loans;
•risks associated with our commercial loan portfolio, including the risk of deterioration in value of the general business assets that generally secure such loans;
•our level of nonperforming assets and the costs associated with resolving problem loans, if any, and complying with government-imposed foreclosure moratoriums;
•potential changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of commercial and residential real estate securing our real estate loans;
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•risks related to the significant amount of credit that we have extended to a limited number of borrowers and in a limited geographic area;
•our ability to maintain adequate liquidity (including in compliance with CBLR standards and the effect of the transition to the CECL methodology for allowances and related adjustments) and to raise necessary capital to fund our acquisition strategy and operations or to meet increased minimum regulatory capital levels;
•potential fluctuations in the market value and liquidity of our debt securities;
•the effects of competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national and other providers of financial, investment and insurance services;
•our ability to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;
•risks associated with fraudulent and negligent acts by our customers, employees or vendors;
•our ability to keep pace with technological change or difficulties when implementing new technologies;
•risks associated with difficulties and/or terminations with third-party service providers and the services they provide;
•risks associated with unauthorized access, cyber-crime and other threats to data security;
•potential impairment on the goodwill we have recorded or may record in connection with business acquisitions;
•our ability to comply with various governmental and regulatory requirements applicable to financial institutions;
•the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, and economic stimulus programs;
•uncertainty regarding the future of LIBOR and any replacement alternatives on our business;
•governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the policies of the Federal Reserve;
•our ability to comply with supervisory actions by federal and state banking agencies;
•changes in the scope and cost of FDIC, insurance and other coverage; and
•systemic risks associated with the soundness of other financial institutions.

Other factors not identified above, including those described under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as well as the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, may also cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements. Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond our control. You should consider these factors in connection with considering any forward-looking statements that may be made by us. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events unless we are required to do so by law.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

    As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset, liability and funds management policy provides management with the guidelines for effective funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position. We manage our sensitivity position within our established guidelines.
    Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.
    We manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. With exception of our cash flow hedges designated as a hedging instrument, we do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, interest rate swaps, financial options, financial future contracts or forward delivery contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. We enter into interest rate swaps, caps and collars as an accommodation to our customers in connection with our interest rate swap program. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.
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    Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Asset-Liability Committee of the Bank in accordance with policies approved by its board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk, which include an analysis of relationships between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and an interest rate shock simulation model.
We use an interest rate risk simulation model and shock analysis to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and the balance sheet, respectively. Contractual maturities and repricing opportunities of loans are incorporated in the model as are prepayment assumptions, maturity data and call options within the investment portfolio.
We utilize static balance sheet rate shocks to estimate the potential impact on net interest income of changes in interest
rates under various rate scenarios. This analysis estimates a percentage of change in the metric from the stable rate base scenario versus alternative scenarios of rising and falling market interest rates by instantaneously shocking a static balance sheet.  Internal policy regarding internal rate risk simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated net income at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 5.0% for a 100 basis point shift, 10.0% for a 200 basis point shift, and 15.0% for a 300 basis point shift.

    The following table summarizes the simulated change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of the dates indicated:
 As of March 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
 Percent ChangePercent ChangePercent ChangePercent Change
Change in Interestin Net Interestin Fair Valuein Net Interestin Fair Value
Rates (Basis Points)Incomeof EquityIncomeof Equity
+ 30023.48 %11.78 %20.31 %15.79 %
+ 20015.42 %8.39 %13.13 %11.62 %
+ 1007.39 %4.51 %6.60 %6.64 %
Base— %— %— %— %
−100(7.75)%(6.70)%(3.85)%(11.68)%
    The results are primarily due to behavior of demand, money market and savings deposits during such rate fluctuations. We have found that, historically, interest rates on these deposits change more slowly than changes in the discount and federal funds rates. This assumption is incorporated into the simulation model and is generally not fully reflected in a gap analysis. The assumptions incorporated into the model are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various strategies.

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Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures — As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report. In making this determination, our management, with the supervision and participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, considered a reportable event on a Current Report on Form 8-K that occurred during the period covered by this report, which was untimely but eventually filed with the SEC one day late due to an oversight, and which management believes does not change the effectiveness of our disclosure controls as of the end of the period covered by this report.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of banking and other applicable regulations, competition law, labor laws and consumer protection laws, as well as claims or litigation relating to intellectual property, securities, breach of contract and tort. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously against any pending or future claims and litigation.

At this time, in the opinion of management, the likelihood is remote that the impact of such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

In evaluating an investment in our common stock, investors should consider carefully, among other things, the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as well as the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.
    There has been no material change in the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information

None.

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Item 6.  Exhibits
 
Exhibit
Number		    Description of Exhibit
2.3

3.2
 
31.1*
 
31.2*
 
32.1**
 
32.2**
 
101* The following materials from Veritex Holdings, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Cover Page, (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (vi) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
______________________________
* Filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
** Furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

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SIGNATURES

    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
   
  VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC.
  (Registrant)
   
   
   
   
   
Date: May 9, 2022 /s/ C. Malcolm Holland, III
  C. Malcolm Holland, III
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
   
   
   
   
Date: May 9, 2022 /s/ Terry S. Earley
  Terry S. Earley
  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
   
   
   

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