UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended September 30,2025
or
For the transition period from____to____.
Commission File Number 001-10932
________________________
WisdomTree, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
250 West 34th Street
3rd Floor
New York, New York
212-801-2080
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 4, 2025, there were 140,715,080 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.
WISDOMTREE, INC.
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Unless otherwise indicated, references to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “WisdomTree” mean WisdomTree, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
WisdomTree®, WisdomTree Connect™, WisdomTree Prime® and Modern Alpha® are trademarks of WisdomTree, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Report, contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements relate to future events or our future financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect our results. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in subsequent reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report and have filed with the SEC as exhibits to this Report, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.
In particular, forward-looking statements in this Report may include statements about:
The forward-looking statements in this Report represent our views as of the date of this Report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. Therefore, these forward-looking statements do not represent our views as of any date other than the date of this Report.
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
September 30,
2025
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
(In Thousands)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
Additional
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
1. Organization and Description of Business
WisdomTree, Inc., through its subsidiaries in the U.S. and Europe (collectively, “WisdomTree” or the “Company”), is a global financial innovator, offering a diverse suite of exchange-traded products (“ETPs”), models, solutions, as well as digital asset-related products. Building on its heritage of innovation, the Company offers next-generation digital products and services related to tokenized real world assets and stablecoins, including blockchain-enabled mutual funds (“Digital Funds”), as well as its institutional platform, WisdomTree Connect, and blockchain-native digital wallet, WisdomTree Prime. The Company has the following wholly-owned operating subsidiaries:
Acquisition of Ceres Partners, LLC
On July 31, 2025, the Company and WisdomTree Farmland Holdings, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Purchaser”), entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the “Ceres Purchase Agreement”) with Ceres Partners, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company (“Ceres”), the members of Ceres (together, the “Sellers”), and an individual acting as the Sellers’ representative, pursuant to which the Purchaser agreed to acquire from the Sellers all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Ceres (the “Ceres Acquisition”), subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein.
On October 1, 2025, the Purchaser completed the Ceres Acquisition for aggregate consideration consisting of (i) $275,000 in cash subject to customary post-closing adjustments, including adjustments to cash, indebtedness and working capital, and (ii) earnout consideration of up to $225,000, payable in 2030, contingent upon Ceres achieving a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) in revenue of 12% to 22% during the earnout measurement period of January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2029. See Note 21 for additional information.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and in the opinion of management reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Consolidation
The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. The Company determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity (“VOE”) or a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in a VOE is ownership of a majority voting interest. If the Company has a majority voting interest in a VOE, the entity is consolidated. The Company has a controlling financial interest in a VIE when the Company has a variable interest that provides it with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company reassesses its evaluation of whether an entity is a VOE or VIE when certain reconsideration events occur.
Segment and Geographic Information
The Company, through its subsidiaries in the U.S. and Europe, is a global financial innovator, offering a diverse suite of ETPs, models, solutions, as well as digital asset-related products. The Company conducts business as a single operating segment as an ETP sponsor and asset manager, which is based upon the Company’s current organizational and management structure, as well as information used by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the chief operating decision maker, or CODM) to allocate resources and other factors.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated based on the end of period exchange rates from local currency to U.S. dollars. Results of operations are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. The impact of the foreign currency translation adjustment is included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as a component of other comprehensive (loss)/income.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Company earns a significant portion of its revenues in the form of advisory fees from its ETPs and recognizes this revenue over time, as the performance obligation is satisfied. Advisory fees are based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice.
Other revenues are earned from swap providers associated with certain of the Company’s European listed ETPs, the nature of which are based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. The Company also earns transaction-based income on flows associated with certain European listed ETPs. There is no significant judgment in calculating amounts due, which are invoiced monthly or quarterly in arrears and are not subject to any potential reversal. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice.
Marketing and Advertising
Marketing and advertising costs, including media advertising and production costs, are expensed when incurred.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization is provided for using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:
The assets listed above are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization.
Stock-Based Awards
Accounting for stock-based compensation requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all equity awards based on estimated fair values. Stock-based compensation is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award and is amortized over the relevant service period. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur.
Third-Party Distribution Fees
The Company pays a percentage of its advisory fee revenues based on incremental growth in assets under management (“AUM”), subject to caps or minimums, to marketing agents to sell WisdomTree ETPs and for including WisdomTree ETPs on third-party customer platforms and recognizes these expenses as incurred.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be classified as cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposits with financial institutions in an amount that is in excess of federally insured limits. Restricted cash is required to be maintained in a separate account with withdrawal and usage restrictions.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are customer and other obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company measures credit losses, if any, by applying historical loss rates (adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts) to amounts outstanding using the aging method.
Financial Instruments Owned
Financial instruments owned are financial instruments classified as either trading or available-for-sale (“AFS”). These financial instruments are recorded on their trade date and are measured at fair value. All equity instruments that have readily determinable fair values are classified by the Company as trading. Debt instruments are classified based primarily on the Company’s intent to hold or sell the instrument. Changes in the fair value of debt instruments classified as trading and AFS are reported in other income/(expenses) and other comprehensive income, respectively, in the period the change occurs. Debt instruments classified as AFS are assessed for impairment on a quarterly basis and an estimate for credit loss is provided when the fair value of the AFS debt instrument is below its amortized cost basis. Credit-related impairments are recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the instrument’s amortized cost basis if the Company intends to sell the impaired AFS debt instrument or it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the instrument before recovering its amortized cost basis. Other credit-related impairments are recognized as an allowance with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Impairments resulting from noncredit-related factors are recognized in other comprehensive income. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings upon sale of the AFS debt instrument using the specific identification method.
Investments
The Company accounts for equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value under the measurement alternative prescribed in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 321, Investments – Equity Securities (“ASC 321”), to the extent such investments are not subject to consolidation or the equity method. Under the measurement alternative, these financial instruments are carried at cost, less any impairment (assessed quarterly), plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. In addition, income is recognized when dividends are received only to the extent they are distributed from net accumulated earnings of the investee. Otherwise, such distributions are considered returns of investment and are recorded as a reduction of the cost of the investment.
Investments in debt instruments are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in other income/(expenses).
Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at least annually and at the time of a triggering event requiring re-evaluation, if one were to occur. Goodwill is considered impaired when the estimated fair value of the reporting unit that was allocated the goodwill is less than its carrying value. If the estimated fair value of such reporting unit is less than its carrying value, goodwill impairment is recognized based on that difference, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment provided that the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and management regularly reviews the operating results of that component.
Goodwill is allocated to the Company’s U.S. and European components. For impairment testing purposes, these components are aggregated as a single reporting unit as they fall under the same operating segment and have similar economic characteristics.
Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually on November 30th. When performing its goodwill impairment test, the Company considers a qualitative assessment, when appropriate, and a quantitative assessment using the market approach and its market capitalization when determining the fair value of the reporting unit.
Intangible Assets
Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually and are also reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired if their estimated fair values are less than their carrying values.
Finite-lived intangible assets, if any, are amortized over their estimated useful life, which is the period over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Company. These intangible assets are tested for impairment at the time of a triggering event, if one were to occur. Finite-lived intangible assets may be impaired when the estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated from the assets are less than their carrying amounts.
The Company may rely on a qualitative assessment when performing its intangible asset impairment test. Otherwise, the impairment evaluation is performed at the lowest level of reasonably identifiable cash flows independent of other assets. The annual impairment testing date for all of the Company’s intangible assets is November 30th.
Software Development Costs
Software development costs incurred after the preliminary project stage is complete are capitalized if it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Capitalized costs consist of employee compensation costs and fees paid to third parties who are directly involved in the application development efforts and are included in intangible assets, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software on a straight-line basis and are included in depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Once the application development stage is complete, additional costs are expensed as incurred.
Leases
The Company accounts for its lease obligations in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), which requires the recognition of both (i) a lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments and (ii) an offsetting right-of-use asset. The remaining lease payments are discounted using the rate implicit in the lease, if known, or otherwise the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. After lease commencement, right-of-use assets are assessed for impairment and otherwise are amortized over the remaining lease term on a straight-line basis. These recognition requirements are not applied to short-term leases, which are those with a lease term of 12 months or less. Instead, lease payments associated with short-term leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
ASC 842 also provides a practical expedient which allows for consideration in a contract to be accounted for as a single lease component rather than allocated between lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to apply this practical expedient to all lease contracts, where applicable.
Convertible Notes
Convertible notes are carried at amortized cost, net of issuance costs. The Company accounts for convertible instruments as a single liability (applicable to the convertible notes) or equity with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features unless the conversion feature meets the criteria for accounting under the substantial premium model or does not qualify for a derivative scope exception. Interest expense is recognized using the effective interest method and includes amortization of issuance costs over the life of the debt.
Acquisition-related Costs
The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), with acquisitions recorded using the acquisition method. Transaction costs associated with acquisitions are expensed as incurred.
Contingencies
The Company may be subject to reviews, inspections and investigations by regulatory authorities as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company evaluates the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome of all legal or regulatory proceedings to which it is a party and accrues a loss contingency when the loss is probable and reasonably estimable.
Contingent Payments
The Company recognizes a gain on contingent payments when the contingency is resolved and the gain is realized.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Net income available to common stockholders represents net income of the Company reduced by an allocation of earnings to participating securities, as well as excise tax on stock repurchases. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. Share-based payment awards that do not contain such rights are not deemed participating securities and are included in diluted shares outstanding (if dilutive).
Diluted EPS is calculated under the treasury stock method and the two-class method. The calculation that results in the lowest diluted EPS amount for the common stock is reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The treasury stock method includes the dilutive effect of potential common shares including unvested stock-based awards and the convertible notes, if any. Potential common shares associated with the convertible notes are computed under the if-converted method. Potential common shares associated with the conversion option embedded in the convertible notes are dilutive when the Company’s average stock price exceeds the conversion price.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, which requires the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Tax positions are evaluated utilizing a two-step process. The Company first determines whether any of its tax positions are more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination, based solely on the technical merits of the position. Once it is determined that a position meets this recognition threshold, the position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company records interest expense and penalties related to tax expenses as income tax expense.
The Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions of current tax law requires the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. An accounting policy election is available to either account for the tax effects of GILTI in the period that is subject to such taxes or to provide deferred taxes for book and tax basis differences that upon reversal may be subject to such taxes. The Company accounts for the tax effects of these provisions in the period that is subject to such tax.
Non-income based taxes are recorded as part of other liabilities and other expenses. Excise taxes on stock repurchases are accounted for as a direct component of the share repurchase transaction and reported as a reduction of stockholder’s equity.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
On September 18, 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which clarifies and modernizes the accounting for costs related to internal-use software. The guidance removes all references to project stages in prior guidance, clarifies the threshold entities apply to begin capitalizing costs and adds more detail to disclosure requirements. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company does not anticipate this standard to have a material impact on its financial statements.
On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company does not anticipate this standard to have a material impact on its financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which establishes new income tax disclosure requirements in addition to modifying and eliminating certain existing requirements. Under the new guidance, entities must consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation. They must also further disaggregate income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit stockholders by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The guidance applies to all entities subject to income taxes and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard on a prospective basis for the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 17 for additional information.
3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Of the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $555,851 and $181,191 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, $540,874 and $155,871 were held at three financial institutions. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, cash equivalents were approximately $199,576 and $48,336, respectively.
Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are required to maintain a minimum level of regulatory capital, generally satisfied by cash on hand, which was $35,881 and $39,423 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Of these amounts, $11,689 and $13,403 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, was restricted cash, which is required to be maintained in a separate account with withdrawal and usage restrictions in compliance with regulatory obligations.
4. Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of financial instruments is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., “the exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the transparency of inputs as follows:
Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 – Instruments whose significant drivers are unobservable.
The availability of observable inputs can vary from product to product and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new and not yet established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by management in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The tables below summarize the categorization of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no transfers between Levels 2 and 3.
_____________________________
Fair value determined on June 17, 2024. Not included in the table above are prospective changes in value due to fluctuations in the British pound to U.S. dollar exchange rate.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements – Methodology
Cash Equivalents (Note 3) – These financial assets represent cash invested in highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than 90 days, as well as institutional money market funds that invest in short-term, high-quality U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and aim to maintain a stable $1.00 net asset value per share. These investments are valued at par, which approximates fair value, and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
Financial instruments owned (Note 5)– Financial instruments owned are investments in ETFs, pass-through GSEs, equities and fixed income. ETFs and equities are generally traded in active, quoted and highly liquid markets and are therefore classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Pricing of pass-through GSEs and fixed income includes consideration given to date of issuance, collateral characteristics and market assumptions related to yields, credit risk and timing of prepayments and may be classified as either Level 1 or Level 2.
Fair Value Measurements classified as Level 3 – The following table presents a reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements classified as Level 3. These instruments consist of the following:
Recorded in other gains and losses, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
5. Financial instruments owned
These instruments consist of the following:
September 30, 2025
December 31, 2024
The Company recognized net trading gains on financial instruments owned that were still held at the reporting dates of $680 and $1,195, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $680 and $3,023, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024, which were recorded in other gains and losses, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
6. Investments
The following is a summary of the Company’s investments:
Fnality International Limited
The Company owns approximately 7.3% (or 6.2% on a fully-diluted basis) of capital stock of Fnality International Limited (“Fnality”), a company incorporated in England and Wales and focused on creating a peer-to-peer digital wholesale settlement ecosystem comprised of a consortium of financial institutions, offering real time cross-border payments from a single pool of liquidity. The Company’s ownership interest is represented by 2,340,378Series B-1 Preference Shares (“Fnality B-1 Shares”) and 3,029,294 Series C-1 Preference Shares (“Fnality C-1 Shares”). The Fnality B-1 Shares resulted from the conversion of the Company’s investment of £6,000 ($8,091) in convertible notes upon Fnality’s qualified equity financing which occurred in October 2023. The Fnality C-1 Shares resulted from (i) a new investment made by the Company in the amount of £10,000 ($13,553) as part of a qualified equity financing that occurred in September 2025, and (ii) the conversion of a previously outstanding convertible note issued by Fnality with a cost of $674 (previously listed as “other investments” in the table above). The Fnality B-1 Shares and the Fnality C-1 Shares are convertible into ordinary shares at the option of the Company and contain various rights and protections. The Fnality B-1 Shares carry a 1.0x liquidation preference, while the Fnality C-1 Shares carry a 1.5x liquidation preference, which may be reduced to 1.0x upon the occurrence of certain conditions, such as receipt of specified regulatory approvals or a subsequent qualified equity financing.
This investment is accounted for under the measurement alternative prescribed in ASC 321, as it does not have a readily determinable fair value and is otherwise not subject to the equity method of accounting. The investment is assessed for impairment and similar observable transactions on a quarterly basis. The (losses)/gains recognized by the Company on its investment in Fnality were ($969) and ($49), respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $476 and ($920), respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024. These (losses)/gains are recorded in other gains and losses, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and are inclusive of changes in the British pound to U.S. dollar exchange rate.
The Company’s investment in Fnality Series B-1 Shares was re-measured to fair value upon the occurrence of the Fnality C-1 Shares qualified equity financing in September 2025. Fair value was determined using the backsolve method, a valuation approach that determines the value of shares for companies with complex capital structures based upon the price paid for shares recently issued. Fair value was allocated across the capital structure using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The table below presents the inputs used in the backsolve valuation approach (classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy):
September 10,
There was no impairment recognized on this investment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 based upon a qualitative assessment.
Quorus Inc.
In June 2025, the Company made a $4,000 strategic investment in Quorus Inc. (“Quorus”), a company focused on empowering asset managers and financial advisors with innovative solutions for custom portfolio management. In consideration of its investment, the Company received 3,798,562 shares of Series Seed-1 Preferred Stock representing approximately 23.8% ownership of Quorus (or 20.4% on a fully diluted basis). The shares of Series Seed-1 Preferred Stock are convertible into common stock at the option of the Company and contain various rights and protections, including non-cumulative dividend rights that participate on an as-converted, pari passu basis with the common stock, only payable if and when declared by the board of directors of Quorus, and a 1.0x non-participating liquidation preference that is senior to all other holders of capital stock of Quorus.
This investment is accounted for under the measurement alternative prescribed in ASC 321, as it does not have a readily determinable fair value and is otherwise not subject to the equity method of accounting. The investment is assessed for impairment and similar observable transactions on a quarterly basis. There was no impairment recognized on this investment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 based upon a qualitative assessment.
7. Fixed Assets, Net
The following table summarizes fixed assets:
December 31,
2024
8. Convertible Notes
The Company has the following convertible notes outstanding as of September 30, 2025:
Each class of notes was issued pursuant to indentures dated as of the issuance dates between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (either initially or as successor to U.S. Bank National Association, the “Trustee”), in private offerings to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In connection with the issuance of the 2030 Notes, the Company repurchased $24,030 in aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes. As a result of this repurchase, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of $13,011 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
As of September 30, 2025, the Company had an aggregate principal amount of $971,815 outstanding of the 2026 Notes, the 2028 Notes, the 2029 Notes and the 2030 Notes (collectively, the “Convertible Notes”).
Key terms of the Convertible Notes are as follows:
The indentures contain customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the Trustee or the respective holders of not less than25% in aggregate principal amount of the respective series of Convertible Notes outstanding may declare the entire principal amount of all such respective Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued special interest, if any, to be immediately due and payable.
The following table provides a summary of the Convertible Notes at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Total
Includes amortization of the issuance costs and premium.
Interest expense on the Convertible Notes was $7,984 and $17,992, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $4,330 and $11,256, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024. Interest payable of $5,750 and $5,107 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, is included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The fair value of the Convertible Notes (classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy) was $1,155,127 and $571,031, respectively, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The if-converted value of the 2026 Notes, the 2028 Notes and the 2029 Notes was $188,859, $2,644 and $405,711, respectively, at September 30, 2025. The if-converted value of the 2030 Notes did not exceed the principal amount at September 30, 2025. The if-converted value of the 2028 Notes was $28,446 at December 31, 2024. The if-converted value of the 2026 Notes and the 2029 Notes did not exceed the principal amount at December 31, 2024.
9. Payable to Gold Bullion Holdings (Jersey) Limited (“GBH”)
On November 20, 2023, the Company repurchased all of its then-outstanding Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series C Preferred Stock”) which was convertible into 13,087,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, from GBH, a subsidiary of the World Gold Council, for aggregate cash consideration of approximately $84,411. Under the terms of the transaction, the Company has paid GBH $54.8million to date, with the remainder of the purchase price payable in equal, interest-free installments on the second and third anniversaries of the closing date. The implied price per share was $6.02 when considering the interest-free financing element of the transaction. The investor rights agreement that the Company and GBH entered into in May 2023 in connection with the issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock, which provided GBH with certain rights and obligations with respect to the shares, including registration rights, was terminated in this transaction.
Under U.S. GAAP, the obligation was recorded at its present value utilizing a market rate of interest on the closing date of 7.0% and the corresponding discount is being amortized as interest expense pursuant to the effective interest method of accounting over the life of the obligation. The aggregate consideration payable was valued at $38,835 on the closing date and the carrying value of this obligation is as follows:
Interest expense recognized was $482 and $1,405, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $697 and $2,039, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024 and is included as a component of total interest expense recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
10. Leases
The Company has entered into operating leases for its office facilities (including its corporate headquarters) and equipment. The Company has no finance leases.
The following table provides additional information regarding the Company’s leases:
n/a
None of the Company’s leases include variable payments, residual value guarantees or any restrictions or covenants relating to the Company’s ability to pay dividends or incur additional financing obligations.
The following table discloses future minimum lease payments at September 30, 2025 with respect to the Company’s operating lease liabilities:
The following table reconciles the future minimum lease payments (disclosed above) at September 30, 2025 to the operating lease liabilities recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets:
11. Contingencies
The Company may be subject to reviews, inspections and investigations by regulatory authorities as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.
Closure of the WisdomTree WTI Crude Oil 3x Daily Leveraged ETP
Between December 2020 and December 2024, WMAI, WTMAML, WTUK and/or WT Ireland were served with eight separate writs of summons to appear before the Courts of Milan, Udine or Turin, Italy by investors seeking damages resulting from the closure of the WisdomTree WTI Crude Oil 3x Daily Leveraged ETP (“3OIL”) in March 2020. The product was dependent on the receipt of payments from a swap provider to satisfy payment obligations to the investors. Due to an extreme adverse move in oil futures relative to the oil futures’ closing price, the swap contract underlying 3OIL was terminated by the swap provider, which resulted in the compulsory redemption of 3OIL, all in accordance with the prospectus.
Since February 2022, seven of the eight actions have been resolved in the Company’s favor, of which two have been appealed. Total damages sought by all investors related to the remaining open and appealed claims were approximately €15,270 ($17,910) at September 30, 2025.
Additionally, in July 2023, WT Ireland received a letter from counsel on behalf of additional investors seeking damages of up to approximately €8,350 ($9,790) resulting from the closure of 3OIL. A writ of summons has not been served.
The Company continues to assess the open and appealed claims with its external counsel. The Company expects that losses, if any, arising from these claims will be covered under its insurance policies, less a $500 deductible. An accrual has not been made with respect to these matters at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
12. Variable Interest Entities
VIEs are entities with any of the following characteristics: (i) the entity does not have enough equity to finance its activities without additional financial support; (ii) the equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or (iii) the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights.
Consolidation of a VIE is required for the party deemed to be the primary beneficiary, if any. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of any entities in which it has a variable interest as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. Such power is conveyed through the entities’ boards of directors and the Company does not have control over the boards.
The following table presents information about the Company’s variable interests in non-consolidated VIEs:
13. Revenues from Contracts with Customers
The following table presents the Company’s total revenues from contracts with customers:
The Company recognizes revenues from contracts with customers when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is when the promised services are transferred to the customer. A service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control, which is represented by the transfer of rights with regard to the service. Transfer of control happens either over time or at a point in time. When a performance obligation is satisfied over time, an entity is required to select a single method of measuring progress for each performance obligation that depicts the entity’s performance in transferring control of services to the customer.
A significant portion of the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers is derived primarily from investment advisory agreements with related parties (Note 14). These advisory fees are recognized over time, are earned from the Company’s ETPs and are calculated based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. There is no significant judgment in calculating amounts due which are invoiced monthly in arrears and are not subject to any potential reversal. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice.
There are no contract assets or liabilities that arise in connection with the recognition of advisory fee revenue. In addition, there are no costs incurred to obtain or fulfill the contracts with customers, all of which are investment advisory agreements with related parties.
Other revenues include revenues the Company earns from swap providers associated with certain of the Company’s European listed ETPs, the nature of which are based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. The Company also earns transaction-based income on flows associated with certain European listed ETPs. There is no significant judgment in calculating amounts due, which are invoiced monthly or quarterly in arrears and are not subject to any potential reversal. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice.
Geographic Distribution of Revenues
The following table presents the Company’s total revenues geographically as determined by where the respective management companies reside:
14. Related Party Transactions
Investment Advisory Agreements
The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from investment advisory agreements with related parties. Under these agreements, the Company has licensed to related parties the use of certain of its own indexes for the U.S. WisdomTree ETFs, WisdomTree Digital Funds and WisdomTree UCITS ETFs. The relevant boards of trustees or boards of directors (including certain officers of the Company) of each of the related parties is primarily responsible for overseeing the management and affairs of the entities for the benefit of their respective stakeholders and have contracted with the Company to provide for general management and administration services. The Company is also responsible for certain expenses of the related parties, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration and accounting, legal, audit, and other non-distribution services, excluding extraordinary expenses, taxes and certain other expenses, which are included in fund management and administration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In exchange, the Company receives fees based on a percentage of the ETPs’ and the Digital Funds’ average daily net assets. A majority of the independent members of the respective board of trustees or board of directors are required to initially and annually (after the first two years) approve the advisory agreements of the U.S. WisdomTree ETFs and the WisdomTree Digital Funds and these agreements may be terminated by such board of trustees or board of directors upon notice.
The following table summarizes accounts receivable from related parties which are included as a component of accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable from related parties is insignificant when applying historical loss rates, adjusted for current conditions and supportable forecasts, to the amounts outstanding in the table above. Amounts outstanding are all invoiced in arrears, are less than 30 days aged and are collected shortly after the applicable reporting period.
The following table summarizes revenues from advisory services provided to related parties:
Investments in WisdomTree Products
The Company also has investments in certain WisdomTree products of $175,853 and $89,822, respectively, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. This includes $18,216 and $15,616, respectively, of seed investments in certain consolidated affiliated Digital Funds advised by WT Digital Management as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as well as $5,232 of seed investments in the WisdomTree Government Money Market Digital Fund as of December 31, 2024 (referred to herein as “other assets–seed capital”).
Net unrealized and realized gains related to trading WisdomTree products were $946 and $1,742, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $554 and $2,278, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024. Such gains are recorded in other gains and losses, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
15. Stock-Based Awards
On July 15, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2022 Equity Plan under which the Company may issue up to 16,000,000 shares of common stock (less one share for every share granted under the 2016 Equity Plan since March 31, 2022 and inclusive of shares available under the 2016 Equity Plan as of March 31, 2022) in the form of stock options and other stock-based awards.
The Company grants equity awards to employees and directors, which include restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), including deferred RSUs to non-employee directors, performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and stock options. Certain awards described below are subject to acceleration under certain conditions.
The number of PRSUs vesting ranges from 0% to 200% of the target number of PRSUs granted, as follows:
Stock-based compensation expense was $4,880and $16,645, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $5,197 and $15,952, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024.
A summary of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense and average remaining vesting period is as follows:
Unrecognized
Stock-Based Compensation
Weighted-Average
Remaining Vesting
Period (Years)
A summary of stock-based compensation award activity (shares) during the three months ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:
Includes 99,348 deferred RSUs that have vested.
16. Earnings Per Share
The following tables set forth reconciliations of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the periods presented:
Diluted earnings per share presented above is calculated using the two-class method as this method results in the lowest diluted earnings per share amount for common stock. There wereno antidilutive non-participating common stock equivalents for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Potential common shares associated with the conversion option embedded in the Convertible Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were 5,780 and 21, respectively (shares herein are reported in thousands). There were no potential common shares associated with the conversion options embedded in the Convertible Notes included in weighted average diluted shares for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as the Company reported a net loss. There were also no potential common shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as the Company’s average stock price was lower than the conversion price.
The following table reconciles weighted average diluted shares as reported on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, which are determined pursuant to the treasury stock method, to the weighted average diluted shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as disclosed in the table above:
Excludes 7,540 participating securities and 5,276 potentially dilutive non-participating common stock equivalents for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as the Company reported a net loss for the period (shares herein are reported in thousands).
17. Income Taxes
Effective Income Tax Rate – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
The Company’s effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 33.3%, resulting in income tax expense of $9,816. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
The Company’s effective income tax rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 24.7%, resulting in income tax expense of $22,648. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
Effective Income Tax Rate – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
The Company’s effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 216.0%, resulting in income tax expense of $8,351. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes, a non-deductible civil money penalty of $4,000 in connection with a settlement with the SEC regarding certain statements about the ESG screening process for three ETFs advised by WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. (the “SEC ESG Settlement”) and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
The Company’s effective income tax rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 35.6%, resulting in income tax expense of $21,819. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes, a non-deductible civil money penalty of $4,000 in connection with the SEC ESG Settlement and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
Income Tax Payments
Disclosed below is a summary of income taxes paid by jurisdiction pursuant to the disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-09 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:
Sept. 30, 2025
Deferred Tax Assets
A summary of the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is as follows:
Capital Losses – U.S.
The Company’s tax effected capital losses at September 30, 2025 were $6,760. These capital losses expire between the years 2025 and 2030. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, tax effected capital losses in the amount of $15,294 expired.
Net Operating Losses – Europe
One of the Company’s European subsidiaries generated net operating losses (“NOLs”) outside the U.S. These tax effected NOLs, all of which are carried forward indefinitely, were $888 at September 30, 2025.
Valuation Allowance
The Company’s valuation allowance has been established on its net capital losses (net of unrealized gains), as it is more-likely-than-not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Income Tax Examinations
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state, local and certain foreign jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2025, with few exceptions, the Company was no longer subject to income tax examinations by any taxing authority for the years before 2020.
Uncertain Tax Positions
There were no unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries
ASC 740-30, Income Taxes, provides guidance that U.S. companies do not need to recognize tax effects on foreign earnings that are indefinitely reinvested. The Company repatriates earnings of its foreign subsidiaries and therefore has recognized a deferred tax liability of $197 and $92 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
U.S. Tax Reform
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) was enacted, extending or modifying several provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The OBBBA left corporate income tax rates unchanged, but reinstated immediate expensing of domestic research and development expenditures, revised Section 163(j) interest limitations, expanded Section 162(m) aggregation rules, updated GILTI provisions and restored 100% bonus depreciation, among other changes.
While the OBBBA accelerated certain previously deferred tax deductions, it did not otherwise have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
18. Shares Repurchased
On October 27, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an increase of $190,038 to the Company’s share repurchase program, bringing the total authorization to $250,000, which expires on April 27, 2028. Repurchases, which will include purchases to offset future equity awards made under the Company’s equity plans, may be made from time to time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, block trades or otherwise, in each case in accordance with applicable securities laws. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined at the Company’s discretion and will depend on a variety of factors including stock price, general business and market conditions, and corporate and regulatory requirements, as well as other uses of capital and the Company’s liquidity position. The program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any particular amount of common stock and may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. Shares repurchased under this program are returned to the status of authorized and unissued on the Company’s books and records.
The Company repurchased 6,814,364 and 8,096,862shares, respectively, of its common stock under this program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 5,704,023 and6,800,301 shares, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024. The aggregate cost of the shares repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $90,018 and $102,732, respectively, and the aggregate cost of the shares repurchased during the comparable periods in 2024 was $55,050 and $62,870, respectively. Shares repurchased under this program were returned to the status of authorized and unissued on the Company’s books and records.
As of November 6, 2025, $250,000 remained under this program for future purchases.
19. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The table below sets forth goodwill which is tested annually for impairment on November 30th:
Of the total goodwill of $86,841 at September 30, 2025, $85,042 is not deductible for tax purposes as the acquisitions that gave rise to the goodwill were structured as stock acquisitions. The remainder of the goodwill is deductible for U.S. tax purposes.
The table below sets forth the Company’s intangible assets which are tested annually for impairment on November 30th:
ETFS Acquisition (Indefinite-Lived)
In connection with the ETFS Acquisition, which was completed on April 11, 2018, the Company identified intangible assets valued at $601,247 related to the right to manage AUM through customary advisory agreements. These intangible assets were determined to have indefinite useful lives and are not deductible for tax purposes.
Software Development (Finite-Lived)
Internally-developed software is amortized over a useful life of three years. The Company recognized amortization expense on internally-developed software of $476 and $1,459, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $384 and $1,070, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2024.
As of September 30, 2025, expected amortization expense for the unamortized finite-lived intangible assets is as follows:
The weighted-average remaining useful life of the finite-lived intangible assets is 2.3 years.
20. Segment Information
The Company, through its subsidiaries in the U.S. and Europe, offers a diverse suite of ETPs, models, solutions and products leveraging blockchain technology. The Company conducts business as a single operating segment as an ETP sponsor and asset manager, which is based upon the Company’s current organizational and management structure, as well as information used by the CODM to allocate resources and assess performance and other factors. The accounting policies of the segment are the same as those described in Note 2.
The key measures of segment profit or loss that the CODM uses to allocate resources and assess performance are the Company’s consolidated net income, as reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as well as adjusted operating income and adjusted operating income margin, which are exclusive of items that are non-recurring or not core to the Company’s operating business.
The table below discloses these key measures and is inclusive of a reconciliation of the Company’s operating income and operating income margin as computed under U.S. GAAP to the Company’s Non-GAAP adjusted operating income and adjusted operating income margin utilized by the CODM:
Acquisition-related costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 include professional fees of $2,409 and $4,376, respectively. Expenses incurred in response to an activist campaign for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 include $4,857 of professional fees.
All expense categories on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are significant and there are no other significant segment expenses that would require disclosure. Assets provided to the CODM are consistent with those reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with particular emphasis on the Company’s available liquidity, including its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, financial instruments owned, accounts receivable and securities held-to-maturity, reduced by current liabilities, seed capital and regulatory capital requirements.
There are no intra-entity sales or transfers and no significant expense categories regularly provided to the CODM beyond those disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The CODM manages the business using consolidated expense information, adjusted for items that are non-recurring or not core to the Company’s operating business as disclosed in the table above, as well as regularly provided budgeted or forecasted expense information for the single operating segment.
Information related to the Company’s products and services and geographical distribution of revenues is disclosed in Note 13.
21. Subsequent Events
As previously disclosed in Note 1, the Company completed its acquisition of Ceres on October 1, 2025. Pursuant to the Ceres Purchase Agreement, the purchase price consisted of (i) $275,000in cash payable at closing, subject to customary post-closing adjustments, and (ii) earnout consideration of up to $225,000, payable in 2030, contingent upon Ceres achieving a CAGR in revenue of 12% to 22% during the earnout measurement period of January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2029.
The Ceres Acquisition will be accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, which requires an allocation of the consideration paid by the Company to the identifiable assets and liabilities of Ceres based on the estimated fair values as of the closing date of the acquisition.
The Company has determined that the earnout should be classified as contingent consideration since (i) continuing employment is not a condition for payment (except as described below), (ii) non-employee sellers are entitled to similar payments based upon their relative ownership percentages and (iii) the payment formula described above is tied to the valuation of the acquired business. Under ASC 805, contingent consideration must be recognized at the acquisition date as part of the consideration transferred for the acquired business.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Report. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below. For a more complete description of the risks noted above and other risks that could cause our actual results to materially differ from our current expectations, please see Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in subsequent reports filed with or furnished to the SEC. We assume no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law.
Executive Summary
We are a global financial innovator, offering a diverse suite of ETPs, models, solutions, as well as digital asset-related products. Our offerings empower investors to shape their financial future and equip financial professionals to grow their businesses. Leveraging the latest financial infrastructure, we create products that emphasize access, transparency and provide an enhanced user experience. Building on our heritage of innovation, we offer next-generation digital products and services related to tokenized real world assets and stablecoins, including Digital Funds, as well as our institutional platform, WisdomTree Connect, and blockchain-native digital wallet, WisdomTree Prime.
As of September 30, 2025, we managed approximately $137.2 billion in AUM. Our ETPs span a broad range of strategies including equities, commodities, fixed income, cryptocurrency, leveraged-and-inverse, currency and alternatives exposures. We have launched many first-to-market products and pioneered a unique alternative-weighting approach called “Modern Alpha” that combines the outperformance potential of active management with the cost effective benefits of passive management.
Our products are distributed across all major asset management industry channels, including banks, brokerage firms, registered investment advisers, institutional investors, private wealth managers and online brokers, primarily through our dedicated sales team. We believe technology is transforming how financial advisors conduct business, and through our Advisor and Portfolio Solutions programs we offer technology-enabled and research-driven solutions. These include portfolio construction, asset allocation, practice management services and digital tools to help advisors address technology challenges and scale their businesses.
As pioneers in tokenization and blockchain technology, we view this as the next phase in the evolution in financial services. Through our digital assets strategy, we are committed to “responsible DeFi,” aligning with regulatory standards to foster growth in this rapidly evolving space. We believe that expanding into digital assets and blockchain-enabled finance not only complements our core competencies, but will diversify our revenue streams and further contribute to our growth.
We were incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on September 19, 1985 as Financial Data Systems, Inc. and were ultimately renamed WisdomTree, Inc. on November 7, 2022.
Acquisition of Ceres Partners, LLC (“Ceres”)
On July 31, 2025, we and WisdomTree Farmland Holdings, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary (the “Purchaser”), entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the “Ceres Purchase Agreement”) with Ceres Partners, LLC (“Ceres”), an Indiana limited liability company (“Ceres”), the members of Ceres (together, the “Sellers”), and an individual acting as the Sellers’ representative, pursuant to which the Purchaser agreed to acquire from the Sellers all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Ceres (the “Ceres Acquisition”), a leading U.S.-based alternative asset manager specializing in farmland investments.
On October 1, 2025, the Purchaser completed the Ceres acquisition for aggregate consideration consisting of (i) $275.0 million in cash, subject to customary post-closing adjustments, including adjustments to cash, indebtedness and working capital, and (ii) earnout consideration of up to $225.0 million, payable in 2030, contingent upon Ceres achieving a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) in revenue of 12% to 22% during the earnout measurement period of January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2029. For additional information about the Ceres Acquisition, see Note 21 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Assets Under Management
WisdomTree ETPs
We offer ETPs covering equity, commodities and currency, fixed income, cryptocurrency, leveraged-and-inverse and alternatives. The chart below sets forth the asset mix of our ETPs at September 30, 2025, June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024:
Market Environment
Global financial markets posted strong gains in the third quarter, driven by robust artificial intelligence and technology demand, solid corporate earnings, and a well-anticipated Federal Reserve rate cut. A weaker U.S. dollar supported emerging markets. Commodities experienced record-setting rallies in gold and silver, while credit and digital assets also performed well. Amid the strong rally, elevated stock valuations, persistent inflation and ongoing geopolitical tensions continued to present potential challenges for markets.
During the quarter, the S&P 500, the MSCI EAFE Index (local currency), the MSCI EMU Index (local currency), the MSCI Japan Index (local currency), the MSCI Emerging Markets Index (U.S. dollar) and gold prices increased by 8.1%, 5.4%, 4.3% 10.6%, 10.9% and 16.4%, respectively. The U.S. dollar was essentially unchanged versus the euro and weakened 2.1% and 2.8%, respectively, versus the British pound and Japanese yen during the quarter.
U.S. Listed ETF Industry Flows
U.S. listed ETF industry net flows were $315.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Fixed income and U.S. equity gathered the majority of those flows.
Source: Morningstar
European Listed ETP Industry Flows
European listed ETP industry net flows were $77.6 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Equity and fixed income gathered the majority of those flows.
Our Operating and Financial Results
We operate as an ETP sponsor and asset manager, providing investment advisory services globally through our subsidiaries in the U.S. and Europe.
U.S. Listed ETFs
The AUM of our U.S. listed exchange traded funds, or U.S. listed ETFs, increased from $85.2 billion at June 30, 2025 to $88.3 billion at September 30, 2025 due to market appreciation, partly offset by net outflows.
European Listed ETPs
The AUM of our European listed (including internationally cross-listed) ETPs, or European listed ETPs, increased from $40.5 billion at June 30, 2025 to $48.3 billion at September 30, 2025 due to market appreciation and net inflows.
Digital Assets
The AUM of our digital assets products increased from $0.4 billion at June 30, 2025 to $0.6 billion at September 30, 2025 due to net inflows. Substantially all current quarter inflows were into the WisdomTree Government Money Market Digital Fund.
Consolidated Operating Results
The following table sets forth our revenues and net (loss)/income for the most recent five quarters.
Guidance Update for the Year Ending December 31, 2025
Compensation to Revenue Ratio
Our compensation to revenue ratio for the year ending December 31, 2025 is currently estimated to range from 28% to 30% (unchanged from our guidance provided last quarter) and takes into consideration the recently completed Ceres Acquisition, planned hires as well as year-end compensation adjustments and the annualization of hires made during 2024. The range also considers variability in incentive compensation with drivers including the magnitude of our flows, revenues and operating income growth, margin expansion and our stock price performance in relation to our peers. A range is provided in consideration of uncertain market conditions.
Discretionary Spending
Discretionary spending includes marketing, sales, professional fees, occupancy and equipment, depreciation and amortization and other expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our discretionary spending was $51.6 million, exclusive of acquisition-related costs incurred to date. We currently estimate our discretionary spending (exclusive of acquisition-related costs) for the year ending December 31, 2025 to range from $68.0 million to $72.0 million (unchanged from our guidance range provided last quarter).
Gross Margin
We define gross margin as total operating revenues less fund management and administration expenses. Gross margin percentage is calculated as gross margin divided by total operating revenues. Our gross margin was 81.4% during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. For the year ending December 31, 2025, we currently estimate that our gross margin percentage to be approximately 82.0% (previously 81.0% to 82.0%) taking into consideration the recently completed Ceres Acquisition.
We currently estimate third-party distribution expense for the year ending December 31, 2025 to be approximately $14.0 million to $15.0 million (unchanged from our guidance range provided last quarter), which is dependent upon the AUM growth on our respective platforms.
Interest Expense
We currently estimate our interest expense for the year ending December 31, 2025 to be $31.0 million (previously $22.0 million), taking into consideration the $475.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”) issued in August 2025 to facilitate the Ceres Acquisition. This guidance is also inclusive of approximately $2.0 million of interest costs we are required to impute under U.S. GAAP related to our interest-free financing of the shares of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”) we repurchased in November 2023 from Gold Bullion Holdings (Jersey) Limited (“GBH”), a subsidiary of the World Gold Council.
Interest Income
We currently estimate our interest income for the year ending December 31, 2025 to be approximately $10.0 million to $11.0 million (previously $8.0 million), as we temporarily invested the proceeds received from the issuance of the 2030 Notes prior to completing the Ceres Acquisition.
Income Tax Expense
We currently estimate that our consolidated normalized effective tax rate will be approximately 24.0% to 25.0% for the year ending December 31, 2025 (unchanged from the guidance range provided last quarter), taking into consideration the current distribution of profits between the U.S. and Europe.
This estimated rate may change and is dependent upon our actual taxable income earned in relation to our forecasts as well as any other items which may arise that are not currently forecasted. Such items may include, but are not limited to, increases or decreases in valuation allowances and any stock-based compensation windfalls or shortfalls. Additional corporate tax legislation could also impact our normalized effective tax rate.
Weighted Average Diluted Shares
Our weighted average diluted shares for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were 150.7 million. We currently estimate our weighted average diluted shares to be between 146.0 million and 149.0 million for the three months ending December 31, 2025. This guidance reflects the full-quarter impact of 6.8 million shares of common stock repurchased in August 2025 in connection with the issuance of the 2030 Notes. It also includes approximately 5.0 million incremental shares associated with our Convertible Notes, assuming a stock price of approximately $13.00 to $14.00 per share. While our Convertible Notes require principal to be paid in cash, our diluted shares are increased for any incremental shares associated with an assumed conversion if our stock price exceeds the applicable conversion price of our Convertible Notes of $9.54 per share for the 5.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028, $11.04 per share for the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026, $11.82 per share for the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 and $19.15 per share for the 2030 Notes. Increases in our stock price will increase the incremental shares impacting our diluted share count, while decreases in our stock price will reduce the overall impact.
Key Operating Statistics
The following table presents key operating statistics that serve as indicators for the performance of our business:
Note: Previously issued statistics may be restated due to fund closures and trade adjustments.
Source: WisdomTree
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Selected Operating and Financial Information
Operating Revenues
Advisory fees
Advisory fee revenues increased 12.6% from $101.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $114.5 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to higher average AUM, partly offset by a lower average advisory fee. Our average advisory fee was 0.37% during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 0.35% during the three months ended September 30, 2025.
Other revenues
Other revenues decreased by $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025. The three months ended September 30, 2024 included $3.7 million related to legal and other related expenses incurred in connection with the SEC ESG Settlement that were covered by insurance. This item was largely offset by higher other revenues attributable to our European listed products.
Operating Expenses
Compensation and benefits
Compensation and benefits expense increased 14.9% from $29.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $33.8 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to higher incentive compensation and increased headcount. Headcount was 314 and 338 at September 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively.
Fund management and administration
Fund management and administration expense increased 6.4% from $21.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $22.4 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to higher average AUM. We had 78 U.S. listed ETFs and 274 European listed ETPs at September 30, 2024 compared to 84 U.S. listed ETFs, 295 European listed ETPs and 18 digital assets products at September 30, 2025.
Marketing and advertising
Marketing and advertising expense was essentially unchanged from the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Sales and business development
Sales and business development expense increased 13.8% from $3.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $3.9 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to increases in travel and events spending.
Professional fees
Professional fees expense decreased 44.5% from $6.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $3.5 million in the comparable period in 2025 as the prior period included expenses incurred in response to an activist campaign and in connection with the SEC ESG Settlement.
Occupancy, communications and equipment
Occupancy, communications and equipment expense was essentially unchanged from the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense was essentially unchanged from the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Third-party distribution fees
Third-party distribution fees increased 33.3% from $3.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $4.0 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to our strong organic growth and AUM expansion across our distribution platforms.
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded $2.5 million of acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with the Ceres Acquisition.
Other
Other expenses increased 21.0% from $2.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $3.0 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to higher dues, subscriptions and other miscellaneous expenses.
Other Income/(Expenses)
Interest expense
Interest expense increased 68.4% from $5.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $8.5 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to a higher level of debt outstanding inclusive of the 2030 Notes issued in August of 2025 to facilitate the Ceres Acquisition, partly offset by a lower average interest rate. Our effective interest rate during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 was 4.4% and 4.1%, respectively.
Interest income
Interest income increased 123.7% from $1.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $4.0 million in the comparable period in 2025 due toa higher level of interest-earning assets, including from temporarily investing proceeds received from the issuance of the 2030 Notes prior to completing the Ceres Acquisition.
Loss on Extinguishment of Convertible Notes
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of convertible notes of $13.0 million arising from the repurchase of $24.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2028 Notes.
Other gains and losses, net
Other gains and losses, net were ($3.1) million and $1.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively. The three months ended September 30, 2025 includes net gains of $1.1 million on our financial instruments owned, and net losses of $1.0 million on our investments. Gains and losses also generally arise from the sale of gold and cryptocurrency earned from management fees paid by our physically-backed ETPs, foreign exchange fluctuations and other miscellaneous items.
Our effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 33.3%, resulting in income tax expense of $9.8 million. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to a non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
Our effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 216.0%, resulting in income tax expense of $8.4 million. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to a non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes, a non-deductible civil money penalty of $4.0 million in connection with the SEC ESG Settlement and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Advisory fee revenues increased 8.2% from $293.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $317.3 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to higher average AUM, partly offset by a lower average advisory fee. Our average advisory fee was 0.37% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 0.35% during the comparable period in 2025.
Other revenues increased 21.3% from $23.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $29.0 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to higher other revenues attributable to our European listed products. This was partly offset by $4.1 million of non-recurring legal and other related expenses incurred in connection with the SEC ESG Settlement during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 that were covered by insurance.
As a Percent of Revenues:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Compensation and benefits expense increased 10.0% from $91.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $100.4 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to higher incentive compensation and increased headcount.
Fund management and administration expense increased 5.3% from $61.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $64.3 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to higher average AUM.
Marketing and advertising expense was essentially unchanged from the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Sales and business development expense increased 14.9% from $10.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $12.3 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to increases in travel and events spending.
Professional fees decreased 42.8% from $16.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $9.5 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily as the prior period included expenses incurred in response to an activist campaign and in connection with the SEC ESG Settlement.
Occupancy, communications and equipment expense increased 18.4% from $3.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $4.6 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to higher equipment and communication expenses driven by increased headcount.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased 39.0% from $1.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $1.7 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to higher amortization of internally-developed software.
Third-party distribution fees increased 40.1% from $8.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $11.2 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to our strong organic growth and AUM expansion across our distribution platforms.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded $4.4 million of acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with the Ceres Acquisition.
Other expenses increased 11.8% from $7.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $8.5 million in the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to higher dues, subscriptions and other miscellaneous expenses.
Interest expense increased 45.9% from $13.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $19.4 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to a higher level of debt outstanding, inclusive of the 2030 Notes issued in August 2025 to facilitate the Ceres Acquisition, partly offset by a lower average interest rate. Our effective interest rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 was 4.8% and 4.0%, respectively.
Interest income increased 72.8% from $4.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $8.0 million in the comparable period in 2025 due to a higher level of interest-earning assets, including from temporarily investing proceeds received from the issuance of the 2030 Notes prior to completing the Ceres Acquisition.
Other gains and losses, net were ($1.8) million and $1.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively. The nine months ended September 30, 2025 includes net gains on our financial instruments owned of $1.9 million and $2.4 million of foreign currency remeasurement losses on U.S. dollars held by foreign subsidiaries. Gains and losses also generally arise from the sale of gold and cryptocurrency earned from management fees paid by our physically-backed ETPs, foreign exchange fluctuations and other miscellaneous items.
Our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 24.7%, resulting in an income tax expense of $22.6 million. Our tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to a non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
Our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 35.6%, resulting in an income tax expense of $21.8 million. Our tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to a non-deductible loss on extinguishment of the 2028 Notes, a non-deductible civil money penalty of $4.0 million and non-deductible executive compensation. These items were partly offset by a lower tax rate on foreign earnings.
Non-GAAP Financial Measurements
In an effort to provide additional information regarding our results as determined by GAAP, we also disclose certain non-GAAP information which we believe provides useful and meaningful information. Our management reviews these non-GAAP financial measurements when evaluating our financial performance and results of operations; therefore, we believe it is useful to provide information with respect to these non-GAAP measurements so as to share this perspective of management. Non-GAAP measurements do not have any standardized meaning, do not replace nor are they superior to GAAP financial measurements and are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measurements should be considered in the context with our GAAP results. The non-GAAP financial measurements contained in this Report include the following:
Adjusted Net Income and Diluted Earnings per Share
We disclose adjusted net income and diluted earnings per share as non-GAAP financial measurements in order to report our results exclusive of items that are non-recurring or not core to our operating business. We believe presenting these non-GAAP financial measurements provides investors with a consistent way to analyze our performance. These non-GAAP financial measurements exclude the following:
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes key data regarding our liquidity, capital resources and use of capital to fund our operations:
Liquidity
We consider our available liquidity to be our liquid assets, less our current liabilities, seed capital in WisdomTree Digital Funds and regulatory capital requirements of certain of our subsidiaries. Liquid assets consist of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, financial instruments owned, at fair value, accounts receivable and securities held-to-maturity. Our financial instruments owned, at fair value are highly liquid investments. Accounts receivable are current assets and primarily represent receivables from advisory fees we earn from our ETPs. Our current liabilities consist primarily of payments owed to vendors and third parties in the normal course of business and accrued incentive compensation for employees.
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased by $374.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 due to $475.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of the 2030 Notes, $93.3 million of cash provided by operating activities, $8.9 million of proceeds from the sale of financial instruments owned, at fair value and $6.3 million increase in cash flow due to changes in foreign exchange rates. These increases were partly offset by $102.7 million used to repurchase our common stock, $36.7 million to repurchase a portion of the 2028 Notes, $25.3 million used to purchase financial instruments owned, at fair value, $17.6 million used to purchase investments, $13.2 million used to pay dividends, $11.1 million used to pay convertible notes issuance costs, $2.0 million used to pay for software development and $0.2 million from other activities.
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased by $47.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to $345.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes, $78.9 million of cash provided by operating activities, $42.3 million of proceeds from the sale of financial instruments owned, at fair value and $2.1 million provided by other activities. These increases were partly offset by $143.8 million used to repurchase our Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, $132.7 million to repurchase a portion of the 2028 Notes, $62.9 million used to repurchase our common stock, $57.9 million used to purchase financial instruments owned, at fair value, $14.8 million used to pay dividends, $7.7 million used to pay convertible notes issuance costs and $1.8 million used to pay for software development.
We have the following convertible notes outstanding as of September 30, 2025:
Each class of notes were issued pursuant to indentures dated as of the issuance dates between us and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (either initially or as successor to U.S. Bank National Association, the “Trustee”), in private offerings to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In connection with the issuance of the 2030 Notes, we repurchased $24.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes. As a result of this repurchase, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of $13.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, we had an aggregate principal amount of $971.8 million outstanding of the 2026 Notes, the 2028 Notes, the 2029 Notes and the 2030 Notes (collectively, the “Convertible Notes”).
The indentures contain customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the Trustee or the respective holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the respective series of Convertible Notes outstanding may declare the entire principal amount of all such respective Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued special interest, if any, to be immediately due and payable.
Capital Resources
Our principal source of financing is our operating cash flow. We believe that current cash flows generated by our operating activities and existing cash balances should be sufficient for us to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.
Our ability to satisfy our contractual obligations as they arise are discussed in the section titled “Contractual Obligations” below.
Use of Capital
Our business does not require us to maintain a significant cash position. However, certain of our subsidiaries are required to maintain a minimum level of regulatory capital, which at September 30, 2025 was approximately $35.9 million in the aggregate. Notwithstanding these regulatory capital requirements, we expect that our main uses of cash will be to fund the ongoing operations of our business. We also maintain a capital return program which includes a $0.03 per share quarterly cash dividend and authority to purchase our common stock through April 27, 2028, including purchases to offset future equity grants made under our equity plans and purchases made in open market or privately negotiated transactions.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we repurchased 8,096,862 shares of our common stock under the repurchase program for an aggregate cost of $102.7 million. Currently, approximately $60.0 million remains under this program for future purchases.
Contractual Obligations
We currently have $971.8 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes outstanding, of which $150.0 million, $1.8 million, $345.0 million and $475.0 million are scheduled to mature on June 15, 2026, August 15, 2028, August 15, 2029 and August 15, 2030 in respect of the 2026 Notes, the 2028 Notes, the 2029 Notes and the 2030 Notes, respectively, unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed. Conditional conversions or a requirement to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change may accelerate payment.
The Convertible Notes require cash settlement of up to the principal amount, while settlement of the conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount may be satisfied in either cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. We may settle and/or refinance these obligations when due.
See the section titled “Convertible Notes” above for additional information.
Acquisition of Ceres Partners, LLC – Earnout Consideration
On October 1, 2025, we completed the Ceres Acquisition. Pursuant to the Ceres Purchase Agreement, up to $225.0 million of earnout consideration is payable in 2030, contingent upon Ceres achieving a CAGR in revenue of 12% to 22% during the earnout measurement period of January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2029, as follows:
Payable to GBH
On November 20, 2023, we repurchased our Series C Preferred Stock from GBH for aggregate cash consideration of approximately $84.4 million. Under the terms of the transaction, we have paid GBH $54.8 million to date, with the remainder of the purchase price payable in equal, interest-free installments on the second and third anniversaries of the closing date. The implied price per share was $6.02 when considering the interest-free financing element of the transaction.
Operating Leases
Total future minimum lease payments with respect to our operating lease liabilities were $1.9 million at September 30, 2025. Cash flows generated by our operating activities and existing cash balances should be sufficient to satisfy the future minimum lease payments. See Note 10 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet financing or other arrangements and have neither created nor are party to any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt or operating our business.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually and at the time of a triggering event requiring re-evaluation, if one were to occur. Goodwill is considered impaired when the estimated fair value of the reporting unit that was allocated the goodwill is less than its carrying value. If the estimated fair value of such reporting unit is less than its carrying value, goodwill impairment is recognized based on that difference, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment provided that the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and management regularly reviews the operating results of that component.
Goodwill is allocated to our U.S. and European components. For impairment testing purposes, these components are aggregated as a single reporting unit as they fall under the same operating segment and have similar economic characteristics.
Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually on November 30th. When performing our goodwill impairment test, we consider a qualitative assessment, when appropriate, and the market approach and its market capitalization when determining the fair value of the reporting unit. The results of our most recent analysis indicated no impairment based upon a quantitative assessment.
Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired if their estimated fair value is less than their carrying value. We may rely on a qualitative assessment when performing our intangible asset impairment test. Otherwise, the impairment evaluation is performed at the lowest level of reasonably identifiable cash flows independent of other assets. The annual impairment testing date for our intangible assets is November 30th. The results of our most recent analysis identified no indicators of impairment to be recognized based upon a quantitative assessment (discounted cash flow analysis) which relied upon significant unobservable inputs including projected revenue growth rates of 3.0% and a weighted average cost of capital of 10.5%.
We account for equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value under the measurement alternative prescribed within Accounting Standards Codification Topic 321,Investments – Equity Securities, to the extent such investments are not subject to consolidation or the equity method. Under the measurement alternative, these financial instruments are carried at cost, less any impairment (assessed quarterly), plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. In addition, income is recognized when dividends are received only to the extent they are distributed from net accumulated earnings of the investee. Otherwise, such distributions are considered returns of investment and are recorded as a reduction of the cost of the investment. See Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information.
We earn a significant portion of our revenues in the form of advisory fees from our ETPs and recognize this revenue over time, as the performance obligation is satisfied. Advisory fees are based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which we have a right to invoice.
Other revenues are earned from swap providers associated with certain of our European listed ETPs, the nature of which are based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. We also earn transaction-based income on flows associated with certain European listed ETPs. There is no significant judgment in calculating amounts due, which are invoiced monthly or quarterly in arrears and are not subject to any potential reversal. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which we have a right to invoice.
The following information, together with information included in other parts of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, describes key aspects of our market risk.
Market Risk
Market risk to us generally represents the risk of changes in the value of our ETPs and Digital Funds that results from fluctuations in securities or commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, and interest rates. Nearly all our revenues are derived from advisory agreements for the WisdomTree ETPs. Under these agreements, the advisory fee we receive is based on the average market value of the assets in the WisdomTree ETP portfolios we manage.
Fluctuations in the value of the ETPs are common and are generated by numerous factors such as market volatility, the global economy, inflation, changes in investor strategies and sentiment, availability of alternative investment vehicles, domestic and foreign government regulations, emerging markets developments and others. Accordingly, changes in any one or a combination of these factors may reduce the value of investment securities and, in turn, the underlying AUM on which our revenues are earned. These declines may cause investors to withdraw funds from our ETPs in favor of investments that they perceive as offering greater opportunity or lower risk, thereby compounding the impact on our revenues. We believe challenging and volatile market conditions will continue to be present in the foreseeable future.
Interest Rate Risk
We invest our corporate cash in short-term interest-earning assets, primarily in federal agency debt instruments, WisdomTree fixed income ETFs, U.S. treasuries, corporate bonds, money market instruments at a commercial bank and other securities which totaled $134.0 million and $303.9 million as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized gains on these financial instruments of $1.1 million and any gains/losses recognized in the future may be material to our operating results. We do not anticipate that changes in interest rates will have a material impact on our financial condition or cash flows.
In addition, our Convertible Notes bear interest at fixed rates of 3.25% for the 2026 Notes and the 2029 Notes, 5.75% for the 2028 Notes, and 4.625% for the 2030 Notes. Therefore, we have no direct financial statement risk associated with changes in interest rates. However, the fair value of the Convertible Notes changes primarily when the market price of our common stock fluctuates or interest rates change.
Exchange Rate Risk
We are subject to currency translation exposure on the results of our non-U.S. operations, primarily in the U.K. and Europe. Foreign currency translation risk is the risk that exchange rate gains or losses arise from translating foreign entities’ statements of earnings and balance sheets from functional currency to our reporting currency (the U.S. dollar) for consolidation purposes. A substantial portion of the advisory fees earned on our European listed ETPs are paid in U.S. dollars (and also paid in British pounds, euros as well as gold, other precious metals and cryptocurrency, as described below); however, expenses for corporate overhead are generally incurred in British pounds and euros. Currently, we do not enter into derivative financial instruments aimed at offsetting certain exposures in the statement of operations or the balance sheet but may seek to do so in the future.
Exchange rate risk associated with the euro is not considered to be significant.
Commodity and Cryptocurrency Price Risk
Fluctuations in the prices of commodities and cryptocurrencies that are linked to certain of our ETPs could have a material adverse effect on our AUM and revenues. In addition, a portion of the advisory fee revenues we receive on our ETPs backed by gold, other precious metals and cryptocurrencies are paid in the underlying metal or cryptocurrency. While we readily sell the gold, precious metals and cryptocurrencies that we earn under these advisory contracts, we still may maintain a position. We currently do not enter into arrangements to hedge against fluctuations in the price of these commodities and cryptocurrencies and any hedging we may undertake in the future may not be cost-effective or sufficient to hedge against this exposure.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2025, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules, regulations and forms of the SEC, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated by and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
We may be subject to reviews, inspections and investigations by federal regulators including, but not limited to, the SEC, Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), National Futures Association (NFA), Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), state and foreign regulators, as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. See Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding actual and potential claims brought by investors in our WisdomTree WTI Crude Oil 3x Daily Leveraged ETP totaling approximately €23.6 million ($27.7 million), including €15.2 million ($17.9 million) of claims resolved in our favor, which have been appealed.
You should carefully consider the information set forth in Part 1, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in subsequent reports filed with or furnished to the SEC.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” of shares of our common stock.
Period
On October 27, 2025, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $190.0 million to our share repurchase program, bringing the total authorization to $250.0 million, which expires on April 27, 2028. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we repurchased 8,096,862 shares of our common stock under this program for an aggregate cost of approximately $102.7 million. As of November 6, 2025, $250.0 million remained under this program for future repurchases.
10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, terminated ormodified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
EXHIBIT INDEX
ExhibitNumber
Description
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
__________________________________________________________
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized on this 6thday of November 2025.
/s/ Jonathan Steinberg
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Bryan Edmiston
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
56