UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OFTHE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013
Commission file number 1-9924
Citigroup Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date:
Common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2013: 3,041,026,489
Available on the web at www.citigroup.com
CITIGROUP INCSECOND QUARTER 2013—FORM 10-Q
OVERVIEW
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Executive Summary
Summary of Selected Financial Data
SEGMENT AND BUSINESS—INCOME (LOSS) AND REVENUES
CITICORP
Global Consumer Banking
North America Regional Consumer Banking
EMEA Regional Consumer Banking
Latin America Regional Consumer Banking
Asia Regional Consumer Banking
Institutional Clients Group
Securities and Banking
Transaction Services
Corporate/Other
CITI HOLDINGS
Brokerage and Asset Management
Local Consumer Lending
Special Asset Pool
BALANCE SHEET REVIEW
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Capital Resources
Funding and Liquidity
OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
MANAGING GLOBAL RISK
CREDIT RISK
Loans Outstanding
Details of Credit Loss Experience
Non-Accrual Loans and Assets and Renegotiated Loans
North America Consumer Mortgage Lending
North America Cards
Consumer Loan Details
Corporate Credit Details
MARKET RISK
COUNTRYAND CROSS-BORDER RISK
Country Risk
Cross-Border Risk
FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENTS FOR DERIVATIVES AND STRUCTURED DEBT
CREDIT DERIVATIVES
INCOME TAXES
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
DISCLOSURE PURSUANT TO SECTION 219 OF THE IRAN THREAT REDUCTION AND SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS ACT
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY, PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, DIVIDENDS
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Citigroup's history dates back to the founding of Citibank in 1812. Citigroup's original corporate predecessor was incorporated in 1988 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Following a series of transactions over a number of years, Citigroup Inc. was formed in 1998 upon the merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group Inc.
Citigroup is a global diversified financial services holding company whose businesses provide consumers, corporations, governments and institutions with a broad range of financial products and services, including consumer banking and credit, corporate and investment banking, securities brokerage, transaction services and wealth management. Citi has approximately 200 million customer accounts and does business in more than 160 countries and jurisdictions.
Citigroup currently operates, for management reporting purposes, via two primary business segments: Citicorp, consisting of Citi's Global Consumer Banking businesses and Institutional Clients Group; and Citi Holdings, consisting of Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending and Special Asset Pool. For a further description of the business segments and the products and services they provide, see "Citigroup Segments" below, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Throughout this report, "Citigroup," "Citi" and "the Company" refer to Citigroup Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Citigroup's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 1, 2013 (2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K) and Citigroup's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on May 3, 2013 (First Quarter of 2013 Form 10-Q). Additional information about Citigroup is available on Citi's website at www.citigroup.com. Citigroup's recent annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, proxy statements, as well as other filings with the SEC, are available free of charge through Citi's website by clicking on the "Investors" page and selecting "All SEC Filings." The SEC's website also contains current reports, information statements, and other information regarding Citi at www.sec.gov.
Within this Form 10-Q, please refer to the tables of contents on pages 2 and 108 for page references to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior periods' financial statements to conform to the current period's presentation. For information on certain recent such reclassifications, see Citi's Forms 8-K furnished to the SEC on April 5, 2013 and June 28, 2013.
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As described above, Citigroup is managed pursuant to the following segments:
The following are the four regions in which Citigroup operates. The regional results are fully reflected in the segment results above.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Second Quarter of 2013 Summary Results
During the second quarter of 2013, Citi saw growth in its core businesses in Citicorp versus the prior-year period, driven principally by strong results in its markets businesses within Securities and Banking as well as an improved credit environment. Despite this growth, Citi's results for the second quarter of 2013 also reflected a continued challenging operating environment, including slowing growth in the emerging markets, continued spread compression(1) globally impacting its Global Consumer Banking (GCB) and Transaction Services businesses and elevated legal and related expenses as Citi continues to work through its "legacy" legal issues. Legal and related expenses are expected to continue to remain elevated and somewhat volatile as Citi works through these issues, although Citi was able to resolve a portion of its legacy representation and warranty issues during the second quarter of 2013, with its announced agreement with Fannie Mae (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Citigroup—Residential Mortgages—Representations and Warranties" below).
Citigroup
Citigroup reported second quarter of 2013 net income of $4.2 billion, or $1.34 per diluted share. Citi's reported net income increased by 42%, or $1.2 billion, from the second quarter of 2012. Results for the second quarter of 2013 included a positive credit valuation adjustment (CVA) on derivatives (counterparty and own-credit), net of hedges, and debt valuation adjustment (DVA) on Citi's fair value option debt of $477 million ($293 million after-tax), compared to $219 million ($140 million after-tax) in the second quarter of 2012, reflecting a widening of Citi's credit spreads and a tightening of counterparty spreads during the quarter. Second quarter of 2012 results also included a net loss of $424 million ($274 million after-tax) related to the sale of a 10.1% stake in Akbank T.A.S (Akbank).
Excluding CVA/DVA in both periods and the Akbank loss in the second quarter of 2012,(2) Citigroup net income increased 26% to $3.9 billion. Earnings per share of $1.25 increased 25% compared to $1.00 in the prior year period. The year-over-year increase in earnings per share primarily reflected higher revenues and lower net credit losses, partially offset by higher legal and related expenses, a lower loan loss reserve release and a higher effective tax rate as compared to the prior-year period. Citi's higher effective tax rate in the second quarter of 2013 reflected higher earnings in North America, a higher effective tax rate on its international operations due to the previously-disclosed change in its assertion surrounding the indefinite reinvestment of earnings in certain of its international entities as well as the resolution of certain tax issues in the current quarter (for additional information, see "Income Taxes" below).
Citi's revenues, net of interest expense, were $20.5 billion in the second quarter of 2013, up 11% versus the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA and the Akbank loss in the second quarter of 2012, revenues were $20.0 billion, up 8% compared to the prior-year period, as revenues in Citicorp and Citi Holdings grew by 7% and 17%, respectively. Net interest revenues of $11.7 billion were 3% higher than the prior-year period, as growth in Securities and Banking in Citicorp and an increase in Local Consumer Lendingin Citi Holdings was partially offset by the ongoing impact of spread compression in Transaction Services in Citicorp, which Citi expects will likely continue to negatively impact net interest revenues in the near term. Non-interest revenues were $8.8 billion, up 25% from the prior-year period, driven by growth in Securities and Banking revenues and the absence of the Akbank loss in the second quarter of 2012. Excluding CVA/DVA in both periods and the Akbank loss in the second quarter of 2012, non-interest revenues of $8.3 billion were 15% higher than the prior-year period.
Operating Expenses
Citigroup expenses increased 1% versus the prior-year period to $12.1 billion, driven by higher legal and related expenses in Citi Holdings (see below), partially offset by lower repositioning charges of $75 million in the second quarter of 2013 compared to $186 million in the prior-year period. Citi incurred legal and related expenses of $832 million (compared to $480 million in the prior-year period). Excluding legal and related expenses, repositioning charges and the impact of foreign exchange translation into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes (as used throughout this report, FX translation),(3) Citi's operating expenses were $11.2 billion, a 1% reduction versus the prior-year period. This expense decline reflected approximately $200 million of repositioning savings, partially offset by higher performance-based compensation expense as compared to the prior-year period given the improved operating performance.
Citicorp's expenses were $10.6 billion, down 2% from the prior-year period, largely reflecting lower legal and related expenses. Citicorp legal and related expenses were $131 million in the second quarter of 2013, compared to $278 million in the prior-year period. Citi Holdings expenses increased 25% from the prior-year period to $1.5 billion, principally due to the higher legacy legal and related expenses, which were primarily reflected in the Special Asset Pool. Citi Holdings legal and related expenses were $702 million in the second quarter of 2013, compared to $202 million in the prior-year period.
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Credit Costs and Loan Loss Reserve Positions
Citi's total provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims of $2.0 billion declined 25% from the prior-year period. Net credit losses of $2.6 billion were down 25% from the second quarter of 2012. Consumer net credit losses declined 23% to $2.6 billion reflecting improvements in mortgages in Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending and North America Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services in Citicorp. Corporate net credit losses were $45 million in the second quarter of 2013, compared to $154 million in second quarter of 2012.
The net release of allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending commitments was $784 million in the second quarter of 2013, 22% lower than the prior-year period, with $705 million related to Consumer and the remainder in Corporate. Of the $784 million net reserve release, $311 million was attributable to Citicorp, compared to a $740 million release in the prior-year period. The decline in the Citicorp reserve release principally reflected lower releases in North America RCB largely related to cards. The $473 million net reserve release in Citi Holdings increased from $269 million in the prior-year period and included a reserve release of approximately $525 million related to North America mortgages.
Citigroup's total allowance for loan losses was $21.6 billion at quarter end, or 3.4% of total loans, compared to $27.6 billion, or 4.3%, at the end of the prior-year period. The decline in the total allowance for loan losses reflected asset sales, lower non-accrual loans, and overall continued improvement in the credit quality of Citi's loan portfolios.
The Consumer allowance for loan losses was $18.9 billion, or 5.0% of total Consumer loans, at quarter end, compared to $24.6 billion, or 6.0% of total loans, at June 30, 2012. Total non-accrual assets decreased 12% to $10.1 billion as compared to June 30, 2012. Corporate non-accrual loans declined 17% to $2.1 billion, reflecting continued credit improvement. Consumer non-accrual loans declined 9%, to $7.6 billion, versus the prior-year period.
Capital
Citigroup's Basel I Tier 1 Capital and Tier 1 Common ratios were 13.2% and 12.2% as of June 30, 2013, respectively, each reflecting the final U.S. market risk capital rules (Basel II.5) which became effective on January 1, 2013. Citi's estimated Tier 1 Common ratio under Basel III was 10.0% at the end of the second quarter of 2013, up from an estimated 9.3% at March 31, 2013. Citi's estimated Basel III Supplementary Leverage Ratio for the second quarter of 2013 was 4.9%.(4)
Citicorp(5)
Citicorp net income increased 23% from the prior-year period to $4.8 billion. CVA/DVA in Securities and Banking was $462 million ($284 million after-tax), compared to $198 million ($127 million after-tax) in the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA and the Akbank loss in the second quarter of 2012, Citicorp net income increased 12% from the prior-year period to $4.5 billion, as revenue growth, lower operating expenses and lower net credit losses were partially offset by lower loan loss reserve releases and a higher effective tax rate.
Citicorp revenues, net of interest expense, were $19.4 billion in the second quarter of 2013, up 11% versus the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA and the Akbank loss in the second quarter of 2012, Citicorp revenues were $18.9 billion in the quarter, a 7% increase versus the prior-year period, as growth in Securities and Banking and GCB revenues was partially offset by a decline in Transaction Services revenues.
Global Consumer Banking revenues of $9.7 billion increased 2% versus the prior-year period. North America RCB revenues of $5.1 billion declined 1% from the prior-year period, driven by a 4% decline in retail banking revenues with total cards revenues (Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services) unchanged. The decline in retail banking revenues was driven by lower mortgage servicing revenues combined with ongoing spread compression, partially offset by a gain of approximately $180 million on the sale of a mortgage portfolio during the current quarter. Citi expects retail banking revenues will continue to be negatively impacted due to the current interest rate environment as historically high mortgage origination volumes are expected to decline and gain on sale margins to reduce. Spread compression in the deposit portfolio is also expected to continue to negatively impact retail banking revenues. North America RCB average retail loans of $41 billion grew 2% and average deposits of $165 billion grew 8%, both versus the prior-year period. North America RCB cards revenues remained unchanged, as a 1% increase in Citi retail services revenues to $1.5 billion was offset by a 1% decline in Citi-branded cards revenues to $2.0 billion. Average card loans of $104 billion declined 4% versus the prior-year period, driven by increased payment rates resulting from ongoing consumer deleveraging. Citi retail services revenues were also negatively impacted by higher contractual partner payments due to the impact of continued improving credit trends. Card purchase sales of $60 billion increased 2% versus the prior-year period.
InternationalGCB revenues (consisting of Asia RCB, Latin America RCB and EMEA RCB) grew 6% versus the prior-year period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, international GCB revenues grew 5%, driven by 8% revenue growth in Latin America RCB and 2% revenue growth in each of Asia RCB and EMEA RCB. While international GCB revenues continued to reflect spread compression in certain markets, as well as the impact of regulatory changes, particularly in Asia, most underlying business metrics continued to exhibit growth. International GCB average retail loans increased 5% versus the prior-year period, investment sales grew 36%, average card
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loans grew 3%, and card purchase sales grew 9%, all excluding the impact of FX translation.
Securities and Banking revenues were $6.8 billion in the second quarter of 2013, up 25% from the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA,(6) Securities and Banking revenues of $6.4 billion increased 21% from the prior-year period, driven principally by growth in equity and fixed income markets and investment banking revenues.
Fixed income markets revenues of $3.4 billion, excluding CVA/DVA, increased 18% from the prior-year period with strength in all major products. Equity markets revenues of $942 million in the second quarter of 2013, excluding CVA/DVA, increased 68% from the prior-year period, driven by an improvement in derivatives performance as well as higher cash equity volumes.
Investment banking revenues rose 21% from the prior-year period to $1.0 billion with higher revenues in all major products. Private Bank revenues of $645 million, excluding CVA/DVA, increased 9% from the prior-year period, with growth in all regions. Lending revenues decreased to $424 million from $571 million in the prior-year period, reflecting $23 million of mark-to-market gains on hedges related to accrual loans as credit spreads widened less significantly during the second quarter of 2013 (compared to a $156 million gain in the prior-year period). Excluding the mark-to-market impact on hedges related to accrual loans, core lending revenues declined 3% to $401 million versus the prior year, as lower volumes were offset by slightly higher spreads.
Transaction Services revenues declined 1% to $2.7 billion versus the prior-year period. Treasury and Trade Solutions revenues declined 3%, as the impact of spread compression globally was only partially offset by loan and deposit growth. Securities and Fund Services revenues increased 5% (6% excluding the impact of FX translation), as higher settlement volumes and fees offset lower net interest spreads. Despite the continued negative impact of spread compression on revenues in Transaction Services, underlying volumes continued to grow, with average deposits and other customer liability balances up 7% and assets under custody up 10%, each versus the prior-year period.
Citicorp end of period loans increased 3% from the prior-year period to $544 billion, with Consumer loans flat and 7% growth in Corporate loans. Excluding $3.2 billion of Consumer loans as of the end of the second quarter of 2012 (related to Citi's agreement to sell Credicard, which was moved to discontinued operations in Corporate/Other in the second quarter of 2013), (7) Consumer loans grew 1% versus the prior-year period. Growth in Corporate loans included the impact of adding approximately $7 billion of previously unconsolidated assets during the second quarter of 2013, reflected in North America Transaction Services (for additional information, see "Balance Sheet—Loans" as well as Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Excluding this consolidation, Corporate loans increased 4% compared to the prior-year period.
Citi Holdings(8)
During the second quarter of 2013, Citi continued to make progress on its goal of reducing the negative impact of Citi Holdings on its overall results of operations. Citi Holdings net loss was $570 million in the second quarter of 2013, compared to a net loss of $910 million in the second quarter of 2012. Excluding CVA/DVA,(9) Citi Holdings net loss decreased to $579 million compared to a net loss of $923 million in the prior-year period, as growth in revenues and lower credit costs were partially offset by higher expenses. Expenses increased 25% from the prior-year period reflecting the higher legal and related costs discussed above. Excluding legal and related costs, expenses declined 18% versus the prior-year period.
Citi Holdings revenues increased 16% to $1.1 billion from $938 million in the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA, Citi Holdings revenues increased 17% to $1.1 billion versus the prior-year period, as higher revenues in Local Consumer Lending and the Special Asset Pool were partially offset by a decline in Brokerage and Asset Management revenues.
Local Consumer Lending revenues of $1.1 billion increased 13% from the prior year primarily due to lower funding costs. Special Asset Pool revenues, excluding CVA/DVA, were $42 million in the second quarter of 2013, compared to $(102) million in the prior-year period, primarily reflecting lower funding costs and improved asset marks. Brokerage and Asset Management revenues were $(20) million, compared to $87 million in the prior year, reflecting lower Morgan Stanley Smith Barney (MSSB) joint venture equity-related revenues. As previously announced, Citigroup completed the sale of its remaining 35% stake in the MSSB joint venture during the second quarter of 2013. Net interest revenues increased 32% to $784 million versus the prior-year period, driven predominately by improvements in Local Consumer Lending and the Special Asset Pool. Non-interest revenues, excluding CVA/DVA, declined 9% from the prior-year period to $293 million, driven by lower Brokerage and Asset Management revenues.
Citi Holdings end of period assets declined 31% from the prior-year to $131 billion at the end of the second quarter of 2013 (for additional information on the drivers of the asset decline during the current quarter, see "Citi Holdings" below). At the end of the quarter, Citi Holdings assets comprised approximately 7% of total Citigroup GAAP assets, 12% of risk-weighted assets (as defined under current regulatory guidelines), and 21% of its estimated risk-weighted assets under Basel III. Local Consumer Lending continued to represent the largest segment within Citi Holdings, with $115 billion of assets as of the end of second quarter of 2013, of which approximately 70%, or $80 billion, were related to mortgages in North America real estate lending.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA—Page 1
Net interest revenue
Non-interest revenue
Total revenues, net of interest expense
Operating expenses
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
Income taxes
Income from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes(1)
Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Citigroup's net income
Less:
Preferred dividends—Basic
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to employee restricted and deferred shares that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends, applicable to Basic EPS
Income allocated to unrestricted common shareholders for Basic EPS
Add: Interest expense, net of tax, and dividends on convertible securities and adjustment of undistributed earnings allocated to employee restricted and deferred shares that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends, applicable to diluted EPS
Income allocated to unrestricted common shareholders for diluted EPS
Earnings per share
Basic
Net income
Diluted
Dividends declared per common share
Statement continues on the next page, including notes to the table.
9
SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA—Page 2
At June 30:
Total assets
Total deposits
Long-term debt
Citigroup common stockholders' equity
Total Citigroup stockholders' equity
Direct staff (in thousands)
Ratios
Return on average assets
Return on average common stockholders' equity(3)
Return on average total stockholders' equity(3)
Efficiency ratio
Tier 1 Common(4)(5)
Tier 1 Capital(5)
Total Capital(5)
Leverage(6)
Citigroup common stockholders' equity to assets
Total Citigroup stockholders' equity to assets
Dividend payout ratio(2)
Book value per common share
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends
10
The following tables show the income (loss) and revenues for Citigroup on a segment and business view:
CITIGROUP INCOME
Income (loss) from continuing operations
North America
EMEA
Latin America
Asia
Total
Total Citicorp
Total Citi Holdings
Discontinued operations
NM Not meaningful
11
CITIGROUP REVENUES
Total Citigroup net revenues
12
Citicorp is Citigroup's global bank for consumers and businesses and represents Citi's core franchises. Citicorp is focused on providing best-in-class products and services to customers and leveraging Citigroup's unparalleled global network, including many of the world's emerging economies. Citicorp is physically present in approximately 100 countries, many for over 100 years, and offers services in over 160 countries and jurisdictions. Citi believes this global network provides a strong foundation for servicing the broad financial services needs of its large multinational clients and for meeting the needs of retail, private banking, commercial, public sector and institutional clients around the world. At June 30, 2013, Citicorp had approximately $1.8 trillion of assets and $874 billion of deposits, representing 93% of Citi's total assets and deposits, respectively.
Citicorp consists of the following operating businesses: Global Consumer Banking (which consists of Regional Consumer Banking in North America, EMEA, Latin America and Asia) and Institutional Clients Group (which includes Securities and Banking and Transaction Services). Citicorp also includes Corporate/Other.
Net credit losses
Credit reserve build (release)
Provision for loan losses
Provision for benefits and claims
Provision (release) for unfunded lending commitments
Total provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims
Total operating expenses
Income from continuing operations before taxes
Provisions for income taxes
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Noncontrolling interests
Balance sheet data (in billions of dollars)
Total end-of-period (EOP) assets
Average assets
Efficiency ratio (Operating expenses/Total revenues)
Total EOP loans
Total EOP deposits
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GLOBAL CONSUMER BANKING
Global Consumer Banking (GCB) consists of Citigroup's four geographical Regional Consumer Banking (RCB) businesses that provide traditional banking services to retail customers through retail banking, commercial banking, Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services. GCB is a globally diversified business with 3,912 branches in 38 countries around the world as of June 30, 2013. For the quarter ended June 30, 2013, GCB had $391 billion of average assets and $326 billion of average deposits. Citi's strategy is to focus on the top 150 cities globally that it believes have the highest growth potential in consumer banking. Consistent with this strategy, as announced in the fourth quarter of 2012 as part of its repositioning efforts, Citi intends to optimize its branch footprint and further concentrate its presence in major metropolitan areas. As of June 30, 2013, Citi had consumer banking operations in approximately 120, or 80%, of these cities.
Provisions (release) for unfunded lending commitments
Balance Sheet data (in billions of dollars)
Return on assets
Total EOP assets
Average deposits
Net credit losses as a percentage of average loans
Revenue by business
Retail banking
Cards(1)
Income from continuing operations by business
Foreign Currency (FX) Translation Impact
Total revenue—as reported
Impact of FX translation(2)
Total revenues—ex-FX
Total operating expenses—as reported
Total operating expenses—ex-FX
Total provisions for LLR & PBC—as reported
Total provisions for LLR & PBC—ex-FX
Net income—as reported
Net income—ex-FX
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NORTH AMERICA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
North America Regional Consumer Banking (NA RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses in the U.S. NA RCB's approximate 983 retail bank branches as of June 30, 2013 are largely concentrated in the greater metropolitan areas of New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Miami, Washington, D.C., Boston, Philadelphia, Dallas, Houston, San Antonio and Austin. At June 30, 2013, NA RCB had approximately 12.0 million customer accounts, $41.7 billion of retail banking loans and $165.9 billion of deposits. In addition, NA RCB had approximately 99.7 million Citi-branded and Citi retail services credit card accounts, with $105.3 billion in outstanding card loan balances.
Provisions for benefits and claims
Citi-branded cards
Citi retail services
15
2Q13 vs. 2Q12
Net income decreased 4%, mainly driven by a $463 million reduction in loan loss reserve releases, partially offset by a $321 million reduction in net credit losses and lower expenses.
Revenues decreased 1%, as higher volumes in retail banking were offset by significant continued spread compression.
Retail banking revenues of $1.6 billion declined 4% due to lower mortgage servicing revenues and ongoing spread compression in both mortgage gain-on-sale margins and in the deposit portfolio. The decline in retail banking revenues was partially offset by a gain of approximately $180 million on the sale of a mortgage portfolio during the current quarter. Mortgage originations increased 33%, average retail loans were unchanged and average deposits increased 9%. Citi expects retail banking revenues will continue to be negatively impacted due to the current interest rate environment as historically high mortgage origination volumes are expected to decline and gain on sale margins to reduce. Spread compression in the deposit portfolio is also expected to continue to negatively impact retail banking revenues.
Cards revenues were unchanged, as improved net interest spreads, benefitting from both higher yields and lower funding costs, were offset by continued lower average loan balances. In Citi-branded cards, revenues declined 1% to $2.0 billion, reflecting a 5% decline in average loans, partly offset by an improvement in net interest spreads. Net interest revenue increased 2%, reflecting lower cost of funds, partially offset by the decline in average loans and a continued increased payment rate from consumer deleveraging. In Citi retail services, revenues increased 1% to $1.5 billion. Net interest revenues increased 3% due to improved spreads, partially offset by a 2% decline in average loans as well as declining non-interest revenues, driven by improving credit and the resulting impact on contractual partner payments. Citi expects cards revenues could continue to be negatively impacted by higher payment rates for consumers, reflecting ongoing economic uncertainty and deleveraging as well as Citi's shift to higher credit quality borrowers.
As previously disclosed, as part of its U.S. Citi-branded cards business, Citibank, N.A. issues a co-branded credit card product with American Airlines, the Citi/AAdvantage card. AMR Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, including American Airlines, Inc. (collectively, AMR), filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in November 2011, and on February 14, 2013, AMR and US Airways Group, Inc. announced a merger agreement under which the companies would be combined. In a filing in U.S. Bankruptcy Court on June 3, 2013, AMR agreed to assume the agreements for the Citi/AAdvantage card program upon confirmation of its filed plan of reorganization, which includes the merger with US Airways. AMR's filed plan of reorganization and the assumption of the Citi/AAdvantage card program agreements are subject to U.S. Bankruptcy Court approval.
Expenses decreased 3%, primarily due to lower legal and related costs, lower repositioning charges as well as efficiency savings, partially offset by higher volume-related mortgage origination costs.
Provisions increased 19%, as lower net credit losses in the cards portfolio and in retail banking were offset by continued lower loan loss reserve releases largely related to cards ($351 million compared to $814 million in the prior-year period).
2Q13 YTD vs. 2Q12 YTD
Year-to-date, NA RCB has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net incomedecreased 10%, mainly due to lower loan loss reserve releases, partially offset by lower net credit losses.
Revenues decreased 1%, as a 1% increase in net interest revenue offset a 10% decrease in non-interest revenue. Retail banking revenues declined 4%, as higher mortgage originations and average deposits were more than offset by the significant continued spread compression. Cards revenues were unchanged as improved net interest spreads were offset by lower volumes, driven by the factors described above.
Expenses were flat as lower legal and related costs and efficiency savings were offset by higher volume-related mortgage origination costs.
Provisions increased 15% due to a $934 million reduction in loan loss reserve releases, partially offset by a $696 million reduction in net credit losses in the cards portfolio and in retail banking.
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EMEA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
EMEA Regional Consumer Banking (EMEA RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, primarily in Central and Eastern Europe and the Middle East. The countries in which EMEA RCB has the largest presence are Poland, Turkey, Russia and the United Arab Emirates. As part of Citi's previously announced repositioning efforts, in July 2013, Citi completed the sales of its consumer operations in Romania and Turkey, including approximately $113 million and $628 million of consumer loan balances and $210 million and $790 million of deposits, respectively.
At June 30, 2013, EMEA RCB had 222 retail bank branches with approximately 3.8 million customer accounts, $5.3 billion in retail banking loans, $13.0 billion in deposits, and 2.8 million Citi-branded card accounts with $2.8 billion in outstanding card loan balances.
Provisions for credit losses
Net income (loss)
Income (loss) from continuing operations by business
Impact of FX translation(1)
Provisions for credit losses—as reported
Provisions for credit losses—ex-FX
Net income (loss)—as reported
Net income (loss)—ex-FX
17
The discussion of the results of operations for EMEA RCB below excludes the impact of FX translation for all periods presented. Presentation of the results of operations, excluding the impact of FX translation, are non-GAAP financial measures. Citi believes the presentation of EMEA RCB's results excluding the impact of FX translation is a more meaningful depiction of the underlying fundamentals of the business. For a reconciliation of certain of these metrics to the reported results, see the table above.
Net income of $23 million compared to net income of $12 million in the prior-year period and was mainly due to lower net credit losses and higher revenues.
Revenues increased 2%, with growth across all major products due to higher investment and loan volumes, partially offset by lower revenues that occurred after Citi announced the sale of its consumer operations in Turkey and Romania. Net interest revenue decreased 4%, due to spread compression in cards as well as portfolio liquidation, partially offset by growth in average deposits of 6%, average retail loans of 12% and average cards loans of 3%. Interest rate caps on credit cards, particularly in Poland, the continued liquidation of a higher yielding non-strategic retail banking portfolio and the continued low interest rate environment were the main contributors to the lower spreads. Citi expects continued regulatory changes and spread compression to continue to negatively impact revenues in this business during the remainder of 2013. Non-interest revenue increased 16%, mainly reflecting higher investment fees and card fees due to increased sales volumes. Cards purchase sales increased 8% and investment sales increased 26%.
Expenses declined 1%, as efficiency savings were mostly offset by continued investment spending on new internal operating platforms and higher repositioning charges related to the sales of the consumer operations in Turkey and Romania.
Provisions were a benefit of $11 million, due to a net credit recovery as a result of sales of written-off accounts and the sales of the consumer operations in Turkey and Romania, partially offset by lower loan loss reserve releases. Net credit losses also continued to reflect stabilizing credit quality and Citi's strategic move toward lower-risk customers. Assuming the underlying core portfolio continues to grow during the remainder of 2013, Citi believes credit costs in EMEA RCB could begin to rise.
Year-to-date, EMEA RCB has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net incomeof $27 million compared to a net loss of $1 million in the prior-year period and was primarily due to lower net credit losses, higher revenues and lower operating expenses.
Revenues increased 2%, with growth across all major products due to higher volumes, partially offset by lower revenues resulting from the exit of certain markets, including the sales of the consumer operations in Turkey and Romania. Net interest revenue declined 2% primarily due to spread compression, driven by the same factors described above. Non-interest revenue increased 11%, mainly reflecting higher investment fees and card fees due to increased sales volume, partially offset by a loss on the sale of certain businesses. Cards purchase sales increased 8% and investment sales increased 19%.
Expenses decreased 1%, primarily due to efficiency savings and lower repositioning charges, partially offset by the continued investment spending.
Provisions decreased 67% to $8 million, primarily due to lower net credit losses, driven by the factors described above.
18
LATIN AMERICA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
Latin America Regional Consumer Banking (Latin America RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, with the largest presence in Mexico and Brazil. Latin America RCB includes branch networks throughout Latin America as well as Banco Nacional de Mexico, or Banamex, Mexico's second-largest bank, with nearly 1,700 branches. As part of Citi's previously announced repositioning efforts, during the second quarter of 2013, Citi entered into an agreement to sell Credicard, Citi's non-Citibank branded cards business and consumer finance business in Brazil, including approximately $3.3 billion in consumer loan balances. Results of operations have been restated for all historical periods, while all balance sheet data have been reclassified as of the second quarter of 2013, to reflect Credicard as discontinued operations and reported in Corporate/Other (for additional information, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). During the second quarter of 2013, Citi also entered into an agreement to sell its retail banking operations in Uruguay, including approximately $69 million of consumer loan balances and $267 million of deposits, respectively.
At June 30, 2013, Latin America RCB had 2,136 retail branches, with approximately 32.2 million customer accounts, $29.9 billion in retail banking loans and $46.6 billion in deposits. In addition, the business had approximately 9.3 million Citi-branded card accounts with $11.5 billion in outstanding loan balances.
Credit reserve build
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims (LLR & PBC)
Provisions for LLR & PBC—as reported
Provisions for LLR & PBC—ex-FX
19
The discussion of the results of operations for Latin America RCB below excludes the impact of FX translation for all periods presented. Presentation of the results of operations, excluding the impact of FX translation, are non-GAAP financial measures. Citi believes the presentation of Latin America RCB's results excluding the impact of FX translation is a more meaningful depiction of the underlying fundamentals of the business. For a reconciliation of certain of these metrics to the reported results, see the table above.
Net income increased 4% as higher revenues were partially offset by higher credit costs and higher expenses.
Revenues increased 8%, primarily due to volume growth in retail banking and cards, partially offset by continued spread compression. Net interest revenue increased 5% due to increased volumes, partially offset by spread compression. Citi expects slower volume growth and continued spread compression to negatively impact net interest revenues during the remainder of 2013. Non-interest revenue increased 17%, primarily due to higher fees from increased business volumes in retail and cards. Retail banking revenues increased 6% as average loans increased 13% and investment sales increased 19% while deposits were flat. Cards revenues increased 12% as average loans increased 9% and purchase sales increased 13%.
Despite the year-over-year growth, Citi expects overall volume growth could begin to slow, particularly in Mexico, due to slowing economic growth in the region. In addition, the Mexico governmental authorities are considering various reforms, including reducing borrowing costs through increased banking competition, increasing lending activity, increasing disclosure requirements and client mobility as well as imposing additional requirements in the consumer finance area. These reforms have not yet been adopted, and thus the impact on Citi's businesses is not certain. For information on the potential impact to Latin America RCB from foreign exchange controls, see "Managing Global Risk—Cross-Border Risk" below.
Expenses increased 4% on increased volume-related costs, mandatory salary increases in certain countries and higher transactional costs, partially offset by lower repositioning charges and marketing costs.
Provisions increased 22%, primarily due to higher net credit losses as well as a higher loan loss reserve build. Net credit losses increased 32%, primarily in the Mexico cards and personal loan portfolios, reflecting both portfolio seasoning and volume growth. The higher loan loss reserve build in the current quarter was partially due to an increase in reserves for Mexican homebuilders. Homebuilders in Mexico have recently begun to experience financial difficulties, primarily due to, among other things, decreases in government subsidies, new government policies promoting vertical housing and an overall renewed government emphasis on urban planning. Citi's outstanding loans to the top three builders totaled approximately $300 million at the end of the current quarter, with nearly 100% collateralized. Citi currently expects the net credit loss rate in Latin America to remain relatively unchanged for the remainder of 2013, although the rate could be higher if any material losses are incurred in the Mexico homebuilder portfolio.
Year-to-date, Latin America RCB has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net income increased 2% as higher revenues were partially offset by higher expenses and credit costs.
Revenues increased 7%, primarily due to volume growth in retail banking and cards, partially offset by spread compression, driven by the factors described above. Net interest revenue increased 4% due to increased volumes, partially offset by continued spread compression. Non-interest revenue increased 13%, primarily due to higher fees from increased business volumes in retail and cards. Retail banking revenues increased 6% as average loans increased 14%, investment sales increased 14% while deposits grew 1%. Cards revenues increased 12% as average loans increased 9% and purchase sales increased 13%.
Expenses increased 6% on increased volume-related costs, higher repositioning charges, mandatory salary increases in certain countries and higher transactional and marketing costs.
Provisions increased 16%, primarily due to higher net credit losses, partially offset by lower loan loss reserve builds. Net credit losses increased 29%, primarily in the Mexico personal loan and card portfolios, reflecting both volume growth and portfolio seasoning.
20
ASIA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
Asia Regional Consumer Banking (Asia RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, with the largest Citi presence in Korea, Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, India, Malaysia and Indonesia. At June 30, 2013, Asia RCB had 571 retail branches, approximately 16.9 million customer accounts, $68.5 billion in retail banking loans and $101.2 billion in deposits. In addition, the business had approximately 16.4 million Citi-branded card accounts with $18.9 billion in outstanding loan balances.
21
The discussion of the results of operations for Asia RCB below excludes the impact of FX translation for all periods presented. Presentation of the results of operations, excluding the impact of FX translation, are non-GAAP financial measures. Citi believes the presentation of Asia RCB's results excluding the impact of FX translation is a more meaningful depiction of the underlying fundamentals of the business. For a reconciliation of certain of these metrics to the reported results, see the table above.
Net income decreased 5%, primarily due to a higher effective tax rate (see "Income Taxes" below) and higher credit costs, partially offset by higher revenues and lower expenses.
Revenues increased 2%, as higher non-interest revenue was partially offset by lower net interest revenue. Several key markets experienced strong revenue growth, including India, Hong Kong and Singapore, partially offset by the continued negative impacts from the low interest rate environment and ongoing regulatory changes in the region, particularly Korea as well as Indonesia and Taiwan. Net interest revenue declined 6%, primarily driven by continued spread compression, particularly in Korea. Average retail deposits declined 4%, partly reflecting an outflow to investment products and efforts to rebalance the deposit portfolio mix. Average retail loans increased 2% (11% excluding Korea). Spread compression and regulatory changes in the region are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on cards revenue.
Non-interest revenue increased 20%, including a 62% increase in investment sales, due to favorable market conditions. Most underlying business metrics continued to improve in Asia RCB, including a 7% increase in cards purchase sales.
Expenses declined 2%, as efficiency savings were partially offset by increased investment spending, particularly investments in China cards, and higher volume related growth.
Provisions increased 17%, reflecting a higher loan loss reserve build, primarily due to regulatory requirements in Korea as well as volume growth in China, India and Singapore, partially offset by lower net credit losses due to higher recoveries as a result of sales of written-off accounts in the current quarter. Despite this increase year-over-year, overall credit quality in the region continued to remain stable.
Year-to-date, Asia RCB has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net incomedecreased 11%, primarily due to the higher effective tax rate as well as higher credit costs, partially offset by higher revenues and lower expenses.
Revenues increased 1%, due to higher non-interest revenue, partially offset by lower net interest revenue. Net interest revenue declined 7%, primarily driven by the ongoing spread compression. Average retail deposits declined 3%, partly reflecting an outflow to investment products and efforts to rebalance the deposit portfolio mix. Non-interest revenue increased 16%, reflecting a 52% increase in investment sales, due to favorable market conditions, and a 6% increase in Citi-branded cards purchase sales.
Expenses declined 1%, as efficiency savings were mostly offset by increased investment spending and higher volume-related growth.
Provisions increased 17%, primarily reflecting a higher loan loss reserve build, driven by the factors described above.
22
INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS GROUP
Institutional Clients Group (ICG) includes Securities and Banking and Transaction Services. ICG provides corporate, institutional, public sector and high-net-worth clients around the world with a full range of products and services, including cash management, foreign exchange, trade finance and services, securities services, sales and trading of loans and securities, institutional brokerage, underwriting, lending and advisory services. ICG's international presence is supported by trading floors in approximately 75 countries and jurisdictions and a proprietary network within Transaction Services in over 95 countries and jurisdictions. At June 30, 2013, ICG had approximately $1.1 trillion of assets and $532 billion of deposits.
Commissions and fees
Administration and other fiduciary fees
Investment banking
Principal transactions
Other
Total non-interest revenue
Net interest revenue (including dividends)
Average assets (in billions of dollars)
Revenues by region
Total revenues
Income from continuing operations by region
Total income from continuing operations
Average loans by region (in billions of dollars)
Total average loans
23
SECURITIES AND BANKING
Securities and Banking (S&B) offers a wide array of investment and commercial banking services and products for corporations, governments, institutional and public sector entities and high-net-worth individuals. S&B transacts with clients in both cash instruments and derivatives, including fixed income, foreign currency, equity and commodity products. S&B includes investment banking and advisory services, lending, debt and equity sales and trading, institutional brokerage, derivative services and private banking.
S&B revenue is generated primarily from fees and spreads associated with these activities. S&B earns fee income for assisting clients in clearing transactions, providing brokerage and investment banking services and other such activities. Revenue generated from these activities is recorded in Commissions and fees. In addition, as a market maker, S&B facilitates transactions, including holding product inventory to meet client demand, and earns the differential between the price at which it buys and sells the products. These price differentials and the unrealized gains and losses on the inventory are recorded in Principal transactions. S&B interest income earned on inventory and loans held is recorded as a component of Net interest revenue.
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interests
Securities and Banking revenue details (excluding CVA/DVA)
Total investment banking
Fixed income markets
Equity markets
Lending
Private bank
Other Securities and Banking
Total Securities and Banking revenues (ex-CVA/DVA)
CVA/DVA
24
Net income increased 63%. Excluding $462 million of CVA/DVA (see table below), net income increased 57%, primarily driven by an increase in revenues and a decline in expenses, partially offset by a higher effective tax rate (see "Income Taxes" below).
Revenues increased 25%. Excluding CVA/DVA:
Expenses decreased 2%, primarily due to efficiency savings due to the impact of repositioning, partially offset by higher incentive compensation and volume-based transaction expenses driven by improved performance.
Provisions declined to a net credit benefit of $79 million, primarily reflecting lower net credit losses and a higher loan loss reserve release reflecting portfolio improvement.
Year-to-date, S&B has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net incomeincreased 71%. Excluding $152 million of CVA/DVA (see table below), net income increased 33%, primarily driven by the increase in revenues and decline in expenses, partially offset by the higher effective tax rate.
Revenues increased 28%. Excluding CVA/DVA:
Expenses decreased 3%, primarily due to efficiency savings due to the impact of repositioning, partially offset by higher incentive compensation and volume-based transaction expenses driven by improved performance.
Provisions declined $124 million, primarily due to a loan loss reserve release resulting from portfolio improvement, partially offset by higher net credit losses.
25
S&B CVA/DVA
Fixed Income Markets
Equity Markets
Private Bank
Total S&B CVA/DVA
S&B Hedges on Accrual Loans gain (loss)(1)
26
TRANSACTION SERVICES
Transaction Services is composed of Treasury and Trade Solutions and Securities and Fund Services. Treasury and Trade Solutions provides comprehensive cash management and trade finance services for corporations, financial institutions and public sector entities worldwide. Securities and Fund Services provides securities services to investors, such as global asset managers, custody and clearing services to intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, and depository and agency/trust services to multinational corporations and governments globally. Revenue is generated from net interest revenue on the spread between trade loans or intercompany placements and interest paid to customers on deposits as well as fees for transaction processing and fees on assets under custody and administration.
Provisions (releases) for credit losses
Key indicators (in billions of dollars)
Average deposits and other customer liability balances—as reported
Average deposits and other customer liability balances—ex-FX
EOP assets under custody(2) (in trillions of dollars)
27
The discussion of the results of operations for Transaction Services below excludes the impact of FX translation for all periods presented. Presentation of the results of operations, excluding the impact of FX translation, are non-GAAP financial measures. Citi believes the presentation of Transaction Services' results excluding the impact of FX translation is a more meaningful depiction of the underlying fundamentals of the business. For a reconciliation of certain of these metrics to the reported results, see the table above.
Net income decreased 8%, primarily reflecting lower revenues, higher expenses and a higher effective tax rate on international operations (see "Income Taxes" below).
Revenues decreased 1% as higher deposit balances, trade loans and higher market volumes were more than offset by continued spread compression, particularly in Asia. Volume growth remains challenged in Asia. Treasury and Trade Solutions revenues declined 3%, driven by spread compression globally, partially offset by continued growth in balances as average deposits increased 7% and average trade loans increased 16% (excluding the impact of adding approximately $7 billion of previously unconsolidated assets during the quarter; for additional information, see "Balance Sheet—Loans" below and Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Securities and Fund Services revenues increased 6%, as settlement volumes increased 13% and assets under custody increased 10%, partially offset by spread compression related to deposits. Despite the overall underlying volume growth, Citi expects spread compression will continue to negatively impact Transaction Services net interest revenues in the near term.
Expenses increased 3%, primarily driven by volume-related growth and increased financial transaction taxes in EMEA, which are expected to continue in future periods, mostly offset by efficiency savings and lower legal and related expenses.
Average deposits and other customer liabilities increased 7%, primarily as a result of client activity in Latin America and EMEA (for additional information on Citi's deposits, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below).
Year-to-date, Transaction Services has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net income decreased 10%, primarily reflecting lower revenues, higher expenses and the higher effective tax rate on international operations.
Revenues decreased 1% as higher deposit balances, trade loans and higher market volumes were more than offset by continued spread compression. Treasury and Trade Solutions revenues declined 3%, driven by spread compression globally, partially offset by continued growth in balances as average deposits increased 8% and average trade loans increased over 18% (excluding the addition of the previously unconsolidated assets described above). Securities and Fund Services revenues increased 4%, as settlement volumes increased 9% and assets under custody increased 10%, partially offset by spread compression related to deposits.
Expenses increased 3%, primarily driven by volume-related growth and the financial transaction taxes described above, partially offset by efficiency savings.
Average deposits and other customer liabilities increased 9%, primarily as a result of the client activity in Latin America andEMEA.
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CORPORATE/OTHER
Corporate/Other includes unallocated global staff functions (including finance, risk, human resources, legal and compliance), other corporate expenses and unallocated global operations and technology expenses, Corporate Treasury and discontinued operations. As described under "Latin America Regional Consumer Banking" above, as of the second quarter of 2013, Credicard was moved to Corporate/Other and reported as discontinued operations. At June 30, 2013, Corporate/Other had approximately $290 billion of assets, or 15% of Citigroup's total assets, consisting primarily of Citi's liquidity portfolio (approximately $95 billion of cash and cash equivalents and $141 billion of liquid available-for-sale securities, each as of June 30, 2013). For additional information, see "Balance Sheet Review" and "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims
Loss from continuing operations before taxes
Income taxes (benefits)
Loss from continuing operations
Loss (gain) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net loss before attribution of noncontrolling interests
Net loss
EOP assets (in billions of dollars)
The net loss decreased 19%, primarily due to an increase in revenues, partially offset by a lower tax benefit.
Revenues increased $399 million to $103 million, driven by the absence of the impact of minority investments in the prior-year period,(10) partially offset by the impact of hedging activities and lower revenue from both sales of available-for-sale (AFS) securities and investment yields on Citi's treasury portfolio in the current quarter.
Expenses decreased 12%, largely driven by lower legal and related costs and lower repositioning charges.
The net loss decreased 10%, primarily due to lower expenses and a lower tax benefit, partially offset by lower revenues.
Revenues decreased 45%, driven by the impact of hedging activities and lower revenue from both sales of AFS securities and investment yields on Citi's treasury portfolio, partially offset by the absence of the impact of minority investments in the prior-year period.(11)
Expenses decreased 21%, largely driven by lower legal and related costs.
29
Citi Holdings contains businesses and portfolios of assets that Citigroup has determined are not central to its core Citicorp businesses and consists of Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending and Special Asset Pool.
As of June 30, 2013, Citi Holdings assets were approximately $131 billion, a decrease of approximately 31% year-over-year and 12% from March 31, 2013. The decline in assets of $18 billion from March 31, 2013 was composed of approximately $8 billion related to the sale of Citi's remaining interest in the MSSB joint venture, $4 billion of loan and other asset sales and $6 billion of run-off, pay-downs and charge-offs. As of June 30, 2013, Citi Holdings represented approximately 7% of Citi's GAAP assets, 12% of Citi's risk-weighted assets (as defined under current regulatory guidelines), and 21% of its estimated risk-weighted assets under Basel III.
Benefits for income taxes
(Loss) from continuing operations
Citi Holdings net loss
30
BROKERAGE AND ASSET MANAGEMENT
Brokerage and Asset Management (BAM) currently consists primarily of retail alternative investments. On June 28, 2013, Citi completed the sale of its remaining 35% interest in the MSSB joint venture, which included approximately $8 billion of assets. See "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity—Deposits" for a discussion of the deposits associated with the MSSB joint venture as well as Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At June 30, 2013, BAM had approximately $1 billion of assets, or less than 1% of Citi Holdings assets.
Provisions for loan losses
Income tax benefits
EOP deposits (in billions of dollars)
The net loss in BAM increased by $29 million to $54 million, primarily due to a decrease in revenues, partially offset by lower expenses.
Revenues decreased $107 million to $(20) million, driven by lower ongoing MSSB equity-related revenues and lower transition services revenues, partially offset by lower funding costs due to a 95% decline in year-over-year assets from $22 billion to $1 billion.
Expenses decreased 50%, driven by lower costs related to transition services provided to the MSSB joint venture and lower expense related to retail alternative investments.
The net loss in BAM decreased by $25 million to $138 million, primarily due to lower operating expenses, partially offset by lower revenues.
Revenues decreased $76 million to $(37) million, driven by lower ongoing transition services and equity revenues associated with the MSSB joint venture, partially offset by lower funding costs.
Expenses decreased 41%, driven by lower costs related to transition services provided to the MSSB joint venture and lower legal and related costs and lower expenses related to retail alternative investments.
31
LOCAL CONSUMER LENDING
Local Consumer Lending (LCL) includes a substantial portion of Citigroup's North Americamortgage business (see "North America Consumer Mortgage Lending" below), CitiFinancial North America (consisting of the OneMain and CitiFinancial Servicing businesses), remaining student loans and credit card portfolios, and other local consumer finance businesses globally (including Western European cards and retail banking and Japan Consumer Finance). At June 30, 2013, LCL consisted of approximately $115 billion of assets (with approximately $108 billion in North America), or approximately 88% of Citi Holdings assets, and thus represents the largest segment within Citi Holdings. The North America assets primarily consisted of residential mortgages (residential first mortgages and home equity loans), which were approximately $80 billion as of June 30, 2013.
EOP assets
The net loss decreased by 84%, driven mainly by the improved credit environment primarily in North America mortgages, increased revenues and lower operating expenses.
Revenues increased 13%, with an increase in both net interest and non-interest revenues. The increase in net interest revenue was driven by lower funding costs. The increase in non-interest revenue was driven by asset sales and higher mortgage servicing revenues, partially offset by a higher residential mortgage repurchase reserve build. The repurchase reserve build in the current quarter was $245 million, compared to $148 million in the prior-year period (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representations and Warranties" below).
Expenses decreased 23%, driven by lower volumes and divestitures as well as lower legal and related costs, which declined 73% due to the absence of reserves related to payment protection insurance (PPI) taken in the prior-year period (see "Payment Protection Insurance" below).
Provisions decreased 64%, driven primarily by improved credit in North America mortgages, lower volumes and divestitures. Net credit losses decreased by 40%, driven by improved credit performance. Net credit losses in the current quarter included $30 million related to the national mortgage and independent foreclosure review settlements. Net credit losses in LCL will likely continue to be impacted as Citi completes its mortgage assistance obligations under the independent foreclosure review settlement, which is currently estimated to result in approximately $30 million of quarterly net credit losses during the remainder of 2013 (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—National Mortgage Settlement/Independent Foreclosure Review Settlement" below for additional information).
Net credit losses in LCL declined 40%, with net credit losses in North America mortgages decreasing by 37%, other portfolios in North America by 35% and international by 67%. These declines were driven by lower overall asset levels, the sale of current and delinquent loans as well as underlying credit improvements. Loan loss reserve releases increased $289 million to $475 million, primarily due to a loan loss reserve release of approximately $525 million related to the North America mortgage portfolio.
Average assets declined 17%, driven by asset sales and portfolio run-off, including declines of $16 billion in North America mortgage loans and $5 billion in international assets.
Year-to-date, LCL has experienced similar trends to those described above. The net lossdecreased by 71%, driven mainly by the improved credit environment primarily in North Americamortgages and lower operating expenses.
Revenues decreased 6%, driven by a decrease in non-interest revenues. Net interest revenue was unchanged from the prior-year period. Non-interest revenue declined due to higher residential mortgage repurchase reserve builds and lower loan balances due to continued asset sales, divestitures and run off, partially offset by improvements in asset sales and higher mortgage servicing revenues. The repurchase reserve build in the current period was $470 million, compared to $332 million in the prior-year period (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit
32
Risk—Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representations and Warranties" below).
Expenses decreased 20%, driven by lower volumes and divestitures as well as lower legal and related costs, which declined 57% due to the absence of reserves related to PPI taken in the prior-year period and lower independent foreclosure review charges as a result of the previously announced independent foreclosure review settlement.
Provisions decreased 54%, driven primarily by the improved credit in North Americamortgages, lower volumes and divestitures. Net credit losses decreased by 44%, driven by improved credit performance as well as the absence of $413 million of incremental charge-offs in the first half of 2012 related to the national mortgage settlement. Net credit losses in the current period included $106 million related to the national mortgage and independent foreclosure review settlements. Loan loss reserve releases increased 13%, due to the improved credit environment, primarily in North America mortgages.
Average assets decreased 19%, driven by asset sales and portfolio run-off, including declines of $16 billion in North America mortgage loans and $6 billion in international assets.
Payment Protection Insurance
Over the past several years Citi, along with other financial institutions in the UK, has been subject to an increased number of claims relating to the sale of payment protection insurance products (PPI). For additional information, see "Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending—Payment Protection Insurance" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As previously disclosed, during the second quarter of 2013, Citi moved into the full execution phase of its customer contact exercise to contact proactively any customers who may have been mis-sold PPI after January 2005 and invite them to have their individual sale reviewed (Customer Contact Exercise). In addition, Citi completed its re-evaluation of PPI customer complaints that were reviewed and rejected prior to December 2010 (the Customer Re-evaluation Exercise). The number of customer complaints regarding the sale of PPI remained elevated during the second quarter of 2013, primarily as a result of the Customer Contact Exercise and PPI complaints received directly from customers.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citi did not increase its PPI reserves and paid PPI claims totaling $55 million, all of which were charged against its reserves. At June 30, 2013, Citi's PPI reserve was $252 million.
33
SPECIAL ASSET POOL
The Special Asset Pool (SAP) consists of a portfolio of securities, loans and other assets that Citigroup intends to continue to reduce over time through asset sales and portfolio run-off. SAP had approximately $15 billion of assets as of June 30, 2013, which constituted approximately 11% of Citi Holdings assets.
Credit reserve builds (releases)
Provision (releases) for unfunded lending commitments
The net loss increased by $316 million, mainly driven by higher legal and related expenses, partially offset by increased revenues.
Revenues increased $138 million. CVA/DVA was $15 million, compared to $21 million in the prior-year period. Excluding the impact of CVA/DVA, revenues in SAP were $42 million, compared to $(102) million in the prior-year period. The improvement in revenues was primarily driven by an improvement in non-interest revenue, primarily due to lower asset marks, as well as net interest revenues, primarily due to lower funding costs.
Expenses increased $612 million, primarily driven by higher legal and related costs.
Provisions were a benefit of $3 million, which represented a 93% decline from the prior-year period, due to a decrease in loan loss reserves releases and an increase in the provision for unfunded lending commitments, partially offset by a decrease in net credit losses (a net credit benefit of $5 million in the current quarter compared to net credit losses of $40 million in the prior-year period).
Assets declined 53% to $15 billion, primarily driven by sales, amortization and prepayments. Asset sales of $2.4 billion in the current quarter generated a pretax loss of $13 million, compared to asset sales of $2.8 billion and a pretax gain of $76 million in the prior-year period.
The net loss increased by $486 million, mainly driven by higher legal and related expenses, partially offset by increased revenues.
Revenues improved 83% to $(81) million. CVA/DVA was $6 million, compared to $109 million in the prior-year period. Excluding the impact of CVA/DVA, revenues in SAP were $(87) million, compared to $(584) million in the prior-year period. The improvement in non-interest revenue and net interest revenues were driven by the factors described above.
Expenses increased $1.1 billion, primarily driven by higher legal and related costs.
Provisions were a benefit of $19 million, which represented an 84% decline from the prior-year period, due to the decrease in loan loss reserve releases and an increase in the provision for unfunded lending commitments, partially offset by the decrease in net credit losses.
Assets declined 53% to $15 billion, primarily driven by sales, amortization and prepayments.
34
The following sets forth a general discussion of the changes in certain of the more significant line items of Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet. For additional information on Citigroup's liquidity resources, including its deposits, short-term and long-term debt and secured financing transactions, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below.
Assets
Cash and deposits with banks
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
Trading account assets
Investments
Loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses
Other assets
Liabilities
Deposits
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
Trading account liabilities
Short-term borrowings
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
ASSETS
Cash and Deposits with Banks
Cash and deposits with banks is composed of both Cash and due from banks and Deposits with banks. Cash and due from banks includes (i) cash on hand at Citi's domestic and overseas offices, and (ii) non-interest-bearing balances due from banks, including non-interest-bearing demand deposit accounts with correspondent banks, central banks (such as the Federal Reserve Bank), and other banks or depository institutions for normal operating purposes. Deposits with banks includes interest-bearing balances, demand deposits and time deposits held in or due from banks (including correspondent banks, central banks and other banks or depository institutions) maintained for, among other things, normal operating and regulatory reserve requirement purposes.
During the second quarter of 2013, cash and deposits with banks increased $15 billion, or 9%, driven by a $15 billion, or 10%, increase in deposits with banks while due from banks remained relatively unchanged. The growth in cash balances was driven by the continued reduction of Citi Holdings assets, particularly due to the cash proceeds received from the completion of the sale of Citi's remaining 35% interest in the MSSB joint venture, additional short-term borrowings, higher deposits in Transactions Services and other Citi Holdings asset sales and runoff, partially offset by trade lending growth and long-term debt maturities and repurchases. This increase in cash balances was driven in part to prepare for the third quarter of 2013 deposit transfer to Morgan Stanley. For additional information on this transfer and Citi's deposits, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below.
Federal Funds Sold and Securities Borrowed or Purchased Under Agreements to Resell (Reverse Repos)
Federal funds sold consist of unsecured advances to third parties of excess balances in reserve accounts held at the Federal Reserve Bank. During the second quarter of 2013, Citi's federal funds sold were not significant.
Reverse repos and securities borrowed decreased by $7 billion, or 3%, in the second quarter of 2013, primarily due to a reduction in trading activity in Securities and Banking, including client and market-driven changes in prime finance as well as in fixed income finance.
For further information regarding these balance sheet categories, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Trading Account Assets
Trading account assets includes debt and marketable equity securities, derivatives in a net receivable position, residual interests in securitizations and physical commodities inventory. In addition, certain assets that Citigroup has elected to carry at fair value, such as certain loans and purchase guarantees, are also included in trading account assets.
Trading account assets were relatively unchanged quarter-over-quarter, as decreases in foreign government securities ($3 billion, or 4%), equity securities ($2 billion, or 3%) and corporate debt securities ($2 billion, or 6%) were offset by a $4 billion, or 22%, increase in U.S. Treasury and federal agency
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securities and a $1 billion, or 3%, increase in derivative assets. Average trading account assets were $263 billion in the second quarter of 2013, compared to $265 billion in the first quarter of 2013. The changes in the asset levels reflected normal trading fluctuations in line with market movements during the quarter.
For further information on Citi's trading account assets, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investments consist of debt and equity securities that are available-for-sale, debt securities that are held-to-maturity, non-marketable equity securities that are carried at fair value and non-marketable equity securities carried at cost. Debt securities include bonds, notes and redeemable preferred stock, as well as certain mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and other structured notes. Marketable and non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value include common and nonredeemable preferred stock. Nonmarketable equity securities carried at cost primarily include equity shares issued by the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB) that Citigroup is required to hold.
During the second quarter of 2013, investments decreased $5 billion, or 2%, primarily due to a $4 billion, or 1%, decline in AFS securities, predominantly U.S. Treasury securities driven by Citi Treasury liquidity and spread management activities.
For further information regarding investments, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Loans
Loans represent the largest asset category of Citi's balance sheet. Citi's total loans, net of unearned income, were $644 billion at June 30, 2013, compared to $646 billion at March 31, 2013 and $655 billion at June 30, 2012. The impact of FX translation was a negative $8 billion year-over-year and a negative $7 billion quarter-over-quarter. In addition, approximately $3 billion of loans were moved to Discontinued operationsduring the second quarter of 2013 as a result of the agreement to sell Citi's Brazil Credicard business (see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Excluding the impact of FX translation and the Credicard loans,(12) loans decreased 1% from the prior-year period and increased 1% quarter-over-quarter. At the end of the second quarter of 2013, Consumer and Corporate loans represented 60% and 40%, respectively, of Citi's total loans.
The decline in loans from the prior-year period reflected a 21% decline in Citi Holdings loans, due to continued run-off and asset sales, partially offset by 4% growth in Citicorp. Within Citicorp, Consumer loans grew 2% from the prior-year period, as growth in all international regions, led by Latin America, was offset by continued customer deleveraging in North America. Corporate loans grew 8% from the prior-year period, with growth across almost all regions and segments, particularly in international trade loans.
Quarter-over-quarter, Citi Holdings loans declined 7% and Citicorp loans increased 2%. Citicorp Corporate loans increased 5% while Citicorp Consumer loans remained relatively unchanged. The Corporate loan growth was driven by North America Transaction Services, and was due to the addition of approximately $7 billion of previously unconsolidated assets during the current quarter, which consisted of trade loans (see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Excluding the impact of the consolidation, Corporate loans grew 2% sequentially, driven by increased trade loans overseas within Transaction Services. Consumer loans remained relatively unchanged.
During the second quarter of 2013, average loans of $642 billion yielded an average rate of 7.1%, compared to $643 billion and 7.2%, respectively, in the first quarter of 2013.
For further information on Citi's loan portfolios, see generally "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk" below and Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Assets
Other assets consists of brokerage receivables, goodwill, intangibles and mortgage servicing rights in addition to other assets (including, among other items, loans held-for-sale, deferred tax assets, equity-method investments, interest and fees receivable, premises and equipment, certain end-user derivatives in a net receivable position, repossessed assets and other receivables).
During the second quarter of 2013, other assets remained relatively unchanged at $203 billion as an $8 billion increase in brokerage receivables was offset by the reduction in other assets due to the sale of Citi's remaining 35% investment in the MSSB joint venture.
For further information regarding goodwill and intangible assets, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
LIABILITIES
Deposits represent customer funds that are payable on demand or upon maturity. For a discussion of Citi's deposits, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below.
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Loaned or Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (Repos)
Federal funds purchased consist of unsecured advances of excess balances in reserve accounts held at the Federal Reserve Banks from third parties. During the second quarter of 2013, Citi's federal funds purchased were not significant.
Repos and securities lent decreased by $4 billion, or 2%, in the second quarter of 2013, primarily due to the reduction in client and market-driven trading activity in reverse repos and securities borrowing transactions, as discussed above. For further information on Citi's secured financing transactions, including repos and securities lending transactions, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below. See also Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on these balance sheet categories.
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Trading Account Liabilities
Trading account liabilities includes securities sold, not yet purchased (short positions), and derivatives in a net payable position, as well as certain liabilities that Citigroup has elected to carry at fair value.
During the second quarter of 2013, trading account liabilities increased by $3 billion, or 3%, substantially all of which was due to an increase in short equity positions, which was aligned with the corresponding increase in securities borrowing transactions discussed above. Average trading account liabilities were $82 billion, compared to $72 billion in the first quarter of 2013, primarily due to higher average Institutional Clients Group volumes in the beginning of the current quarter.
For further information on Citi's trading account liabilities, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Debt
Debt is composed of both short-term and long-term borrowings. Short-term borrowings include commercial paper and borrowings from unaffiliated banks and other market participants, including the FHLB. Long-term borrowings include senior notes, subordinated notes, trust preferred securities and securitizations. For further information on Citi's long-term and short-term debt borrowings, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below and Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Liabilities
Other liabilities consists of brokerage payables and other liabilities (including, among other items, accrued expenses and other payables, deferred tax liabilities, certain end-user derivatives in a net payable position, and reserves for legal claims, taxes, repositioning, unfunded lending commitments, and other matters).
During the second quarter of 2013, other liabilities decreased $2 billion, or 2%, driven by normal business fluctuations.
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SEGMENT BALANCE SHEET AT JUNE 30, 2013(1)
Liabilities and equity
Net inter-segment funding (lending)
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
Capital is used principally to support assets in Citi's businesses and to absorb credit, market and operational losses. Citi primarily generates capital through earnings from its operating businesses. Citi may augment its capital through issuances of common stock, perpetual preferred stock and equity issued through awards under employee benefit plans, among other issuances. During the first six months of 2013, Citi issued $1.8 billion of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, resulting in a total of approximately $4.3 billion outstanding as of June 30, 2013.
Citi has also previously augmented its regulatory capital through the issuance of trust preferred securities, although the treatment of such instruments as regulatory capital will be phased out under the final U.S. Basel III rules (Final Basel III Rules) (see "Regulatory Capital Standards Developments" below). Accordingly, Citi continues to redeem certain of its trust preferred securities in contemplation of such future phase out (see "Funding and Liquidity—Long-Term Debt" below).
Further, changes in regulatory and accounting standards as well as the impact of future events on Citi's business results, such as corporate and asset dispositions, may also affect Citi's capital levels.
For additional information on Citi's capital resources, including an overview of Citigroup's capital management framework and regulatory capital standards, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Capital Resources" and "Risk Factors—Regulatory Risks" in Citigroup's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Current Regulatory Capital Guidelines
Citigroup Capital Resources Under Current Regulatory Guidelines
Citigroup is subject to the risk-based capital guidelines issued by the Federal Reserve Board which, as currently in effect, constitute the Basel I credit risk capital rules and, beginning January 1, 2013, also the final (revised) market risk capital rules (Basel II.5).
Historically, capital adequacy has been measured, in part, based on two risk-based capital ratios, the Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital + Tier 2 Capital) ratios. Tier 1 Capital consists of the sum of "core capital elements," such as qualifying common stockholders' equity, as adjusted, qualifying perpetual preferred stock, qualifying noncontrolling interests, and qualifying trust preferred securities, principally reduced by goodwill, other disallowed intangible assets, and disallowed deferred tax assets. Total Capital also includes "supplementary" Tier 2 Capital elements, such as qualifying subordinated debt and a limited portion of the allowance for credit losses. Both measures of capital adequacy are stated as a percentage of risk-weighted assets.
In 2009, the U.S. banking regulators developed a new supervisory measure of capital termed "Tier 1 Common," which is defined as Tier 1 Capital less non-common elements, including qualifying perpetual preferred stock, qualifying noncontrolling interests, and qualifying trust preferred securities.
Citigroup's risk-weighted assets are principally derived from application of the risk-based capital guidelines related to the measurement of credit risk. Pursuant to these guidelines, on balance sheet assets and the credit equivalent amount of certain off-balance-sheet exposures (such as financial guarantees, unfunded lending commitments, letters of credit and derivatives) are assigned to one of several prescribed risk-weight categories based upon the perceived credit risk associated with the obligor or, if relevant, the guarantor, the nature of the collateral, or external credit ratings. Risk-weighted assets also incorporate a measure for market risk on covered trading account positions and foreign exchange and commodity positions whether or not carried in the trading account. Excluded from risk-weighted assets are any assets, such as goodwill and deferred tax assets, to the extent required to be deducted from regulatory capital.
Citigroup is also subject to a Leverage ratio requirement, a non-risk-based measure of capital adequacy, which is defined as Tier 1 Capital as a percentage of quarterly adjusted average total assets.
To be "well capitalized" under current federal bank regulatory agency definitions, a bank holding company must have a Tier 1 Capital ratio of at least 6%, a Total Capital ratio of at least 10%, and not be subject to a Federal Reserve Board directive to maintain higher capital levels. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board currently expects bank holding companies to maintain a minimum Leverage ratio of 3% or 4%, depending on factors specified in its regulations. The following table sets forth Citigroup's regulatory capital ratios as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Tier 1 Common
Tier 1 Capital
Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital + Tier 2 Capital)
Leverage
As indicated in the table above, Citigroup was "well capitalized" under the current federal bank regulatory agency definitions as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
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Components of Citigroup Capital Under Current Regulatory Guidelines
Tier 1 Common Capital
Citigroup common stockholders' equity(1)
Regulatory Capital Adjustments and Deductions:
Less: Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax(2)(3)
Less: Accumulated net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax
Less: Pension liability adjustment, net of tax(4)
Less: Cumulative effect included in fair value of financial liabilities attributable to the change in own creditworthiness, net of tax(5)
Less: Disallowed deferred tax assets(6)
Less: Intangible assets:
Goodwill, net of related deferred tax liability (DTL)
Other disallowed intangible assets, net of related DTL
Total Tier 1 Common Capital
Qualifying perpetual preferred stock(1)
Qualifying trust preferred securities
Qualifying noncontrolling interests
Total Tier 1 Capital
Tier 2 Capital
Allowance for credit losses(7)
Qualifying subordinated debt(8)
Net unrealized pretax gains on available-for-sale equity securities(2)
Total Tier 2 Capital
Citigroup Risk-Weighted Assets
Credit Risk-Weighted Assets(9)
Market Risk-Weighted Assets
Total Risk-Weighted Assets
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Capital Resources of Citigroup's Subsidiary U.S. Depository Institutions Under Current Regulatory Guidelines
Citigroup's subsidiary U.S. depository institutions are also subject to risk-based capital guidelines issued by their respective primary federal bank regulatory agencies, which are similar to the guidelines of the Federal Reserve Board. The following table sets forth the capital tiers and capital ratios under current regulatory guidelines for Citibank, N.A., Citi's primary subsidiary U.S. depository institution, as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
Tier 1 Common ratio
Tier 1 Capital ratio
Total Capital ratio
Leverage ratio
Impact of Changes on Citigroup and Citibank, N.A. Capital Ratios Under Current Regulatory Guidelines
The following table presents the estimated sensitivity of Citigroup's and Citibank, N.A.'s capital ratios to changes of $100 million in Tier 1 Common Capital, Tier 1 Capital or Total Capital (numerator), or changes of $1 billion in risk-weighted assets or adjusted average total assets (denominator), as of June 30, 2013. This information is provided for the purpose of analyzing the impact that a change in Citigroup's or Citibank, N.A.'s financial position or results of operations could have on these ratios. These sensitivities only consider a single change to either a component of capital, risk-weighted assets or adjusted average total assets. Accordingly, an event that affects more than one factor may have a larger basis point impact than is reflected in this table.
Citibank, N.A.
Citigroup Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries
At June 30, 2013, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., a U.S. broker-dealer registered with the SEC that is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup, had net capital, computed in accordance with the SEC's net capital rule, of $5.1 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement by $4.3 billion.
In addition, certain of Citi's other broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to regulation in the countries in which they do business, including requirements to maintain specified levels of net capital or its equivalent. Citigroup's other broker-dealer subsidiaries were in compliance with their capital requirements at June 30, 2013.
Basel III
Tier 1 Common Ratio
At June 30, 2013, Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio was 10.0%, compared to an estimated 9.3% at March 31, 2013 (each based on total "advanced approaches" risk-weighted assets, and including Basel II.5).(13) The increase in Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio quarter-over-quarter was primarily due to quarterly net income and other improvements to Tier 1 Common Capital, the most significant of which was attributable to the sale of Citi's remaining 35% interest in the MSSB joint venture, as well as the further utilization of DTAs (see "Income Taxes" below) and continued lower overall risk-weighted assets. These increases were partially offset by reductions in Citi's Accumulated other comprehensive income(AOCI), primarily due to the rising interest rate environment during the current quarter and the resulting impact on the unrealized gains (losses) in Citi's available-for-sale investment securities. For additional information on the impacts of changes in AOCI on Citi's Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio, see "Market Risk" below.
The table below sets forth the components of Citi's Basel III Tier 1 Common Capital and risk-weighted assets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
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Components of Citigroup Tier 1 Common Capital and Risk-Weighted Assets Under Basel III
Tier 1 Common Capital(1)
Citigroup common stockholders' equity(2)
Add: Qualifying noncontrolling interests
Less: Cumulative change in fair value of financial liabilities attributable to the change in own creditworthiness, net of tax
Goodwill, net of related deferred tax liability (DTL)(3)
Identifiable intangible assets other than mortgage servicing rights (MSRs), net of related DTL
Less: Defined benefit pension plan net assets
Less: Deferred tax assets (DTAs) arising from tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards
Less: Excess over 10%/15% limitations for other DTAs, certain common equity investments, and MSRs(4)
Total Risk-Weighted Assets(5)
Supplementary Leverage Ratio
Citigroup's estimated Basel III Supplementary Leverage ratio was 4.9% for the second quarter of 2013.(13) The ratio represents the average for the quarter of the three monthly ratios of Tier 1 Capital to total leverage exposure (i.e., the sum of the ratios calculated for April, May and June, divided by three). Total leverage exposure is the sum of: (i) the carrying value of all on-balance sheet assets less applicable Tier 1 Capital deductions; (ii) the potential future exposure on derivative contracts; (iii) 10% of the notional amount of unconditionally cancellable commitments; and (iv) the full notional amount of certain other off-balance sheet exposures (e.g., other commitments and contingencies).
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Regulatory Capital Standards Developments
Basel II.5
In June 2012, the U.S. banking agencies released final (revised) market risk capital rules (Basel II.5), which became effective on January 1, 2013. Subsequently, in July 2013, the U.S. banking agencies issued a notice of proposed rulemaking that would amend Basel II.5 by conforming such rules to certain elements of the Final Basel III Rules, as well as incorporating additional clarifications. Citi does not expect that these changes to Basel II.5, if adopted as proposed, would have a material impact on the measurement of market risk capital.
In July 2013, the U.S. banking agencies released the Final Basel III Rules which comprehensively revise the regulatory capital framework for substantially all U.S. banking organizations, and implement many aspects of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's (BCBS) Basel III rules as well as incorporate relevant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Final Basel III Rules are largely consistent with the Basel III NPR (including the Standardized Approach NPR and the Advanced Approaches NPR) issued in June 2012, as applicable to "Advanced Approaches" banking organizations (generally those with consolidated total assets of at least $250 billion or consolidated total on balance sheet foreign exposures of at least $10 billion), which includes Citi and Citibank, N.A. Advanced Approaches banking organizations are required to adopt the Final Basel III Rules effective January 1, 2014, with the exception of the "Standardized Approach" for deriving risk-weighted assets which becomes effective January 1, 2015. For additional information regarding the Basel III NPR, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Capital Resources—Regulatory Capital Standards—Basel III" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Among the more significant of the revisions under the Final Basel III rules relative to Advanced Approaches banking organizations are the treatment of non-qualifying Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital instruments and expansion of the capital floor provision of the "Collins Amendment" of the Dodd-Frank Act to include the Capital Conservation Buffer.
The Final Basel III Rules require that Advanced Approaches banking organizations phase-out from Tier 1 Capital trust preferred securities issued prior to May 19, 2010 by January 1, 2016, with 50% of these capital instruments includable in Tier 1 Capital in 2014 and 25% includable in 2015. The trust preferred securities excluded from Tier 1 Capital may be included in full in Tier 2 Capital during those two years, but must be phased out of Tier 2 Capital by January 1, 2022 (declining in 10% annual increments starting at 60% in 2016).
Furthermore, in connection with the Final Basel III Rules, the U.S. banking agencies indicated their views regarding the appropriate subordination standard for Tier 2 qualifying subordinated debt, which represent a departure from the current guidance upon which bank holding companies have, in part, historically relied. Under the Final Basel III Rules, any nonconforming Tier 2 subordinated debt issued prior to May 19, 2010 will be required to be phased out by January 1, 2016, but issuances after May 19, 2010 will be required to be excluded from capital as of January 1, 2014. As set forth under "Components of Citigroup Capital Under Current Regulatory Guidelines" above, Citi had approximately $18.2 billion of currently qualifying Tier 2 subordinated debt outstanding as of June 30, 2013. It is Citi's understanding, however, that after recognizing this apparent modification of current guidance, the U.S. banking agencies are considering clarifying the intent and effect of the Final Basel III Rules on such guidance. Citi will review any future clarifying guidance from the U.S. banking agencies and assess the resulting impact, if any, on its currently outstanding Tier 2 qualifying subordinated debt.
With regard to minimum required risk-based capital ratios, the Final Basel III Rules modify the regulations implementing the capital floor provision of the Collins Amendment as adopted in June 2011. This provision requires Advanced Approaches banking organizations to calculate each of the three risk-based capital ratios (Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital) under both the Standardized Approach starting on January 1, 2015 (or, for 2014, prior to the effective date of the Standardized Approach, the existing Basel I capital rules) and the "Advanced Approaches" and report the lower (most conservative) of each of the resulting capital ratios.
In contrast to the Basel III NPR, however, the Final Basel III Rules also require that the Capital Conservation Buffer for Advanced Approaches banking organizations, as well as the Countercyclical Capital Buffer, if invoked, be calculated in accordance with the Collins Amendment, thus requiring use of both the Advanced Approaches and the Standardized Approach (or the existing Basel I capital rules in 2014) to determine compliance based on the lower (more conservative) of the two. The buffers are to be phased in incrementally from January 1, 2016 through January 1, 2019.
The Final Basel III Rules are substantially consistent with the Basel III NPR with regard to the Standardized Approach, although the Final Basel III Rules did not adopt modifications to the calculation of risk-weighting for residential mortgages as were proposed. The Final Basel III Rules pertaining to the Standardized Approach are applicable to substantially all U.S. banking organizations and, when effective on January 1, 2015, will become the generally applicable risk based standard for purposes of the Collins Amendment floor, replacing the existing Basel I rules governing the calculation of risk-weighted assets for credit risk.
Under the Final Basel III Rules, consistent with the Basel III NPR, Advanced Approaches banking organizations are also required to calculate two leverage ratios, a "Tier 1" Leverage ratio and a "Supplementary" Leverage ratio. Citi, as with substantially all U.S. banking organizations, will be required to maintain a minimum Tier 1 Leverage ratio of 4%. The Supplementary Leverage ratio significantly differs from the Tier 1 Leverage ratio by including certain off-balance sheet exposures within the denominator of the ratio. Advanced Approaches banking organizations will be required to maintain a minimum Supplementary Leverage ratio of 3% commencing on January 1, 2018, but must commence disclosing this ratio on January 1, 2015.
In July 2013, subsequent to the release of the Final Basel III rules, the U.S. banking agencies also issued a notice of proposed rulemaking which would amend the Final Basel III Rules to impose on the eight largest U.S. bank holding companies
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(currently identified as globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs) by the Financial Stability Board, which includes Citi) a 2% leverage buffer in addition to the stated 3% minimum Supplementary Leverage ratio requirement. The leverage buffer would operate in a manner similar to that of the Capital Conservation Buffer, such that if a banking organization failed to exceed the 2% requirement it would be subject to increasingly onerous restrictions (depending upon the extent of the shortfall) regarding capital distributions and discretionary executive bonus payments. Accordingly, the proposal would effectively raise the Supplementary Leverage ratio requirement to 5%. Additionally, the proposed rules would require that insured depository institution subsidiaries of these bank holding companies, such as Citibank, N.A. maintain a minimum Supplementary Leverage ratio of 6% to be considered "well capitalized" under the revised prompt corrective action framework.
Separately, in June 2013, the BCBS proposed revisions that would significantly increase the denominator of the Basel III Leverage ratio (the equivalent of the U.S. Supplementary Leverage ratio), primarily in relation to the measurement of exposure regarding derivatives and securities financing transactions. The U.S. banking agencies may revise the Supplementary Leverage ratio in the future based upon any revisions adopted by the BCBS.
Tangible Common Equity and Tangible Book Value Per Share
Tangible common equity (TCE), as currently defined by Citigroup, represents common equity less goodwill and other intangible assets (other than mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)). Other companies may calculate TCE in a different manner.
The following table sets forth Citi's TCE and related information as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.(14) The decline in Citi's TCE ratio during the first half of 2013 was primarily due to a significant increase in market risk-weighted assets resulting from the adoption of Basel II.5 on January 1, 2013, offset in part by net income during the period.
Preferred stock
Common equity
Goodwill
Other intangible assets (other than MSRs)
Goodwill and other intangible assets (other than MSRs) related to assets of discontinued operations held for sale
Net deferred tax assets related to goodwill and other intangible assets
Tangible common equity (TCE)
Tangible assets
GAAP assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets (other than MSRs) related to assets for discontinued operations held for sale
Tangible assets (TA)
Risk-weighted assets (RWA)
TCE/TA ratio
TCE/RWA ratio
Common shares outstanding (CSO)
Book value per share (common equity/CSO)
Tangible book value per share (TCE/CSO)
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FUNDING AND LIQUIDITY
Citi's funding and liquidity objectives are to maintain liquidity to fund its existing asset base as well as grow its core businesses in Citicorp, while at the same time maintain sufficient excess liquidity, structured appropriately, so that it can operate under a wide variety of market conditions, including market disruptions for both short- and long-term periods. Citigroup's primary liquidity objectives are established by entity, and in aggregate, across three major categories:
At an aggregate level, Citigroup's goal is to ensure that there is sufficient funding in amount and tenor to ensure that customer assets are fully funded, as well as an appropriate amount of cash and high quality liquid assets(15) in these entities. The liquidity framework requires that entities be self-sufficient or net providers of liquidity, including in conditions established under their designated stress tests.
Citi's primary sources of funding include (i) deposits via Citi's bank subsidiaries, which are Citi's most stable and lowest cost source of long-term funding, (ii) long-term debt (primarily senior and subordinated debt) primarily issued at the parent and certain bank subsidiaries, and (iii) stockholders' equity. These sources may be supplemented by short-term borrowings, primarily in the form of secured financing transactions (securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, or repos).
As referenced above, Citigroup works to ensure that the structural tenor of these funding sources is sufficiently long in relation to the tenor of its asset base. The key goal of Citi's asset/liability management is to ensure that there is excess tenor in the liability structure so as to provide excess liquidity after funding the assets. The excess liquidity resulting from a longer-term tenor profile can effectively offset potential decreases in liquidity that may occur under stress. This excess funding is held in the form of high quality liquid assets which Citi generally refers to as its "liquidity resources," and is described further below.
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High Quality Liquid Assets
Available cash
Unencumbered liquid securities
Note: Amounts for the first and second quarter of 2013 are based on Citi's current interpretation of the definition of "high quality liquid assets" under the proposed Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio. Amounts for the second quarter of 2012 are based on Citi's prior internal view of its liquidity resources (available cash at central banks and unencumbered liquid securities); such amounts have not been adjusted due to immateriality. All amounts in the table above are as of period-end and may increase or decrease intra-period in the ordinary course of business.
As set forth in the table above, Citigroup's liquidity resources totaled approximately $389.2 billion at June 30, 2013, compared to $375.8 billion at March 31, 2013 and $412.2 billion at June 30, 2012. Citigroup's liquidity resources at June 30, 2013 included approximately $20 billion of cash to fund the transfer of MSSB deposits to Morgan Stanley during the third quarter of 2013 (see "Deposits" below).
At June 30, 2013, Citigroup's parent liquidity resources totaled approximately $58.2 billion, compared to $63.3 billion at March 31, 2013 and $93.2 billion at June 30, 2012. These amounts include unencumbered liquid securities and available cash held in Citi's U.S. and non-U.S. broker-dealer entities. The decrease quarter-over-quarter was primarily due to the continued repayment and runoff of long-term debt.
Citigroup's significant Citibank entities had approximately $238.3 billion of liquidity resources as of June 30, 2013, compared to $222.8 billion at March 31, 2013 and $221.4 billion at June 30, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, the significant Citibank entities' liquidity resources included $68.0 billion of cash on deposit with major central banks(16) and other cash held in vaults, compared with $53.6 billion at March 31, 2013 and $53.0 billion at June 30, 2012. As discussed in more detail under "Balance Sheet Review—Cash and Deposits with Banks" above, the increase in available cash quarter-over-quarter was primarily driven by the continued reduction of Citi Holdings assets, particularly due to the cash proceeds from the completion of the sale of Citi's remaining interest in the MSSB joint venture.
The significant Citibank entities' liquidity resources as of June 30, 2013 also included unencumbered liquid securities that are available for sale, as collateral for secured financing through private markets or by pledging to the major central banks. The liquidity value of these securities was $170.3 billion at June 30, 2013 compared to $169.2 billion at March 31, 2013 and $168.4 billion at June 30, 2012.
Citi estimates that its other Citibank and Banamex entities and subsidiaries held approximately $92.6 billion in liquidity resources as of June 30, 2013, compared to $89.7 billion at March 31, 2013 and $97.5 billion at June 30, 2012. The increase quarter-over-quarter was primarily due to deposit growth and modest reductions in lending in those entities. The $92.6 billion as of June 30, 2013 included $13.5 billion of available cash and $79.1 billion of unencumbered liquid securities.
Citi's liquidity resources as of June 30, 2013 do not include additional potential liquidity in the form of Citigroup's borrowing capacity from the various Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB), which was approximately $27 billion as of June 30, 2013 and is maintained by pledged collateral to all such banks. The liquidity resources shown above also do not include Citi's borrowing capacity at the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank discount window or international central banks, which capacity would also be in addition to the resources noted above.
Moreover, in general, Citigroup can freely fund legal entities within its bank vehicles. Citigroup's bank subsidiaries, including Citibank, N.A., can lend to the Citigroup parent and broker-dealer entities in accordance with Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act. As of June 30, 2013, the amount available for lending to these entities under Section 23A was approximately $18 billion (compared to approximately $17 billion at March 31, 2013), provided the funds are collateralized appropriately.
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High Quality Liquid Assets—By Type
The following table shows the composition of Citi's liquidity resources by type of asset as of each of the periods indicated. For securities, the amounts represent the liquidity value that could potentially be realized, and thus excludes any securities that are encumbered, as well as the haircuts that would be required for secured financing transactions.
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. Agencies/Agency MBS
Foreign Government(1)
Other Investment Grade(2)
Note: Amounts for the first and second quarter of 2013 are based on Citi's current interpretation of the definition of "high quality liquid assets" under the proposed Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio. Amounts for the second quarter of 2012 are based on Citi's prior internal view of its liquidity resources; such amounts have not been adjusted due to immateriality.
Citi's liquidity resources are composed entirely of cash, securities positions and contractual committed facilities from the central banks. While Citi utilizes derivatives to manage the interest rate and currency risks related to the liquidity resources, credit derivatives are not used.
Deposits are the primary and lowest cost funding source for Citi's bank subsidiaries. The table below sets forth the end of period deposits, by business and/or segment, and the total average deposits for each of the periods indicated.
ICG
Total Citigroup Deposits (EOP)
Total Citigroup Deposits (AVG)
Quarter-over-quarter, end-of-period deposits of $938.4 billion increased by $4.6 billion, or less than 1%. Excluding the impact of FX translation, deposits grew 4% year-over-year, and 2% quarter-over-quarter. Excluding the impact of FX translation, Global Consumer Banking deposits increased 2% year-over-year and 1% quarter-over-quarter. Domestic growth was offset by a decline in Asia, as Citi optimized the high deposit to loan ratios in this region by reducing cost of funds. Excluding the impact of FX translation, Transaction Services deposits grew by 7% year-over-year, and 4% quarter-over-quarter, primarily as a result of client activity in Latin America and EMEA.
In connection with the MSSB joint venture, Citi held $57 billion of deposits related to MSSB customers as of June 30, 2013. As previously disclosed, pursuant to its agreement with Morgan Stanley, Citi will transfer these deposits to Morgan Stanley in stages, starting with approximately $20 billion during the third quarter of 2013, and approximately $5 billion per quarter for the next two years.
During the second quarter of 2013, the composition of Citi's deposits continued to shift toward a greater proportion of operating balances.(17) Operating balances represented 79% of Citicorp's total deposit base as of June 30, 2013, compared to 78% at March 31, 2013 and 74% at June 30, 2012. This continued shift to operating balances, combined with overall market conditions and prevailing interest rates, continued to reduce Citi's cost of deposits during the second quarter of 2013. Excluding the impact of FDIC assessments and deposit insurance, the average rate on Citi's total deposits was 0.56% at June 30, 2013, compared with 0.61% at March 31, 2013 and 0.74% at June 30, 2012.
Deposits can be interest-bearing or non-interest-bearing. Of Citi's $938 billion of deposits as of June 30, 2013, $188 billion were non-interest-bearing, compared to $190 billion at March 31, 2013, and $180 billion at June 30, 2012. The remaining $750 billion of deposits were interest-bearing, compared to $744 billion at March 31, 2013 and $734 billion at June 30, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, approximately 58% of Citi's deposits were located outside of the U.S., compared to 59% at March 31, 2013 and 61% at June 30, 2012.
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt (generally defined as original maturities of one year or more) continued to represent the most significant component of Citi's funding for the parent entities. The vast majority of this funding is composed of senior term debt, along with subordinated instruments.
Senior long-term debt includes benchmark notes and structured notes, such as equity- and credit-linked notes. Citi's issuance of structured notes is generally driven by customer demand and is not a significant source of liquidity for Citi. Structured notes frequently contain contractual features, such as call options, which can lead to an expectation that the debt will be redeemed earlier than one year, despite contractually scheduled original maturities greater than one year. As such, when considering the measurement of Citi's long-term "structural" liquidity, structured notes with these contractual
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features are not included (see footnote 1 to the "Long-Term Debt Issuances and Maturities" table below).
Long-term debt is an important funding source for Citi's parent entities due in part to its multi-year maturity structure. The weighted average maturities of long-term debt issued by Citigroup and its affiliates (including Citibank, N.A.) with a remaining life greater than one year (excluding trust preferred securities) was approximately 7.0 years as of June 30, 2013, unchanged from the prior quarter and prior-year period.
Long-Term Debt Outstanding
The following table sets forth Citi's total long-term debt outstanding for the periods indicated:
Parent
Senior/subordinated debt(1)
Trust preferred securities
Securitizations(1)(2)
Local country(1)
Bank
Senior/subordinated debt
FHLB borrowings
Local country
Total long-term debt
As set forth in the table above, Citi's overall long-term debt decreased by approximately $13 billion quarter-over-quarter. In the bank, the decrease was due to FHLB run-off that was replaced with deposit growth. Additionally, securitization maturities were offset by $2.5 billion of second quarter issuance in the Citibank Credit Card Issuance Trust (CCCIT). In the parent, the decrease was primarily due to debt maturities, trust preferred redemptions, and debt repurchases through tender offers or buybacks, partially offset by issuances. These reductions are in keeping with Citi's continued strategy to deleverage its balance sheet and lower its funding costs.
As previously disclosed and as part of its liquidity and funding strategy, Citi has considered, and may continue to consider, opportunities to repurchase its long-term and short-term debt pursuant to open market purchases, tender offers or other means. Such repurchases further decrease Citi's overall funding costs. During the second quarter of 2013, Citi repurchased an aggregate of approximately $5.0 billion of its outstanding long-term and short-term debt, including the $3.0 billion of trust preferred securities primarily pursuant to selective public tender offers and open market purchases. Additionally, Citi redeemed one series of its outstanding trust preferred securities for an aggregate amount of approximately $1.0 billion, which closed on July 15, 2013 (for details on Citi's remaining outstanding trust preferred securities, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Year-to-date, Citi has reduced its long-term debt outstanding by approximately $19 billion, including $10 billion net reduction from maturities and issuances, $5 billion of mark-to-market decrease due to increasing interest rates, and $4 billion of foreign exchange decrease primarily due to the weakening of the Japanese Yen, Pound Sterling and Euro. While Citi expects to continue to reduce its outstanding long-term debt during the remainder of 2013, such reductions will likely occur at a more moderate rate as compared to the significant decrease during 2012 (approximately $84 billion). These reductions could occur through maturities as well as continued repurchases, tender offers, redemptions and similar means. Generally, reductions in Citi's long-term debt will reflect the funding needs of its businesses, and will also be dependent on the economic environment as well as any potential new regulatory changes, such as prescribed levels of debt required to be maintained by Citi pursuant to the U.S. banking regulators orderly liquidation authority (for additional information, see "Risk Factors—Regulatory Risks" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
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Long-Term Debt Issuances and Maturities
The table below details Citi's long-term debt issuances and maturities (including repurchases and redemptions) during the periods presented:
Structural long-term debt(1)
Local country level, and other(1)
Securitizations
Local country level, and other
The table below shows Citi's aggregate expected annual long-term debt maturities (including repurchases and redemptions) as of June 30, 2013:
Senior/subordinated debt(2)
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Secured Financing Transactions and Short-Term Borrowings
As referenced above, Citi supplements its primary sources of funding with short-term borrowings. Short-term borrowings generally include (i) secured financing (securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, or repos) and (ii) short-term borrowings consisting of commercial paper and borrowings from the FHLB and other market participants. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on Citigroup's and its affiliates' outstanding short-term borrowings.
Secured Financing
Secured financing is primarily conducted through Citi's broker-dealer subsidiaries to facilitate customer matched-book activity and to efficiently fund a portion of the trading inventory. Generally, changes in the level of secured financing are primarily due to fluctuations in inventory (either on an end-of-quarter or on an average basis).
Secured financing was $218 billion as of June 30, 2013, compared to $222 billion as of March 31, 2013 and $215 billion as of June 30, 2012. The decrease in secured financing quarter-over-quarter was primarily driven by a reduction in trading positions in Securities and Banking businesses, particularly in the latter part of the second quarter (see "Balance Sheet Review—Assets" above).
Average balances for secured financing were approximately $243 billion for the quarter ended June 30, 2013, compared to $233 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 and $225 billion for the quarter ended June 30, 2012. The increase in average balances quarter-over-quarter was primarily due to seasonal intra-quarter growth, particularly in EMEA.
Commercial Paper
The following table sets forth Citi's commercial paper outstanding for each of its parent and significant Citibank entities, respectively, for each of the periods indicated. The increase in the significant Citibank entities' outstanding commercial paper balances quarter-over-quarter was driven by the consolidation of $7 billion of previously unconsolidated assets during the current quarter, which consisted of trade loans within North America Transaction Services (see "Balance Sheet—Loans" above and Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Commercial paper
Significant Citibank Entities
Other Short-Term Borrowings
At June 30, 2013, Citi's other short-term borrowings, which includes borrowings from the FHLB and other market participants, were approximately $41 billion, compared with $36 billion at March 31, 2013 and $38 billion at June 30, 2012. The increase in short-term borrowings quarter-over-quarter primarily related to FHLB borrowings and was in preparation for the MSSB deposit transfers beginning in the third quarter of 2013 (as discussed above).
Liquidity Management, Measures and Stress Testing
For a discussion of Citi's liquidity management and stress testing, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity—Liquidity Management, Measures and Stress Testing" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Liquidity Measures
Citi uses multiple measures in monitoring its liquidity, including those described below.
The structural liquidity ratio, defined as the sum of deposits, long-term debt and stockholders' equity as a percentage of total assets, measures whether the asset base is funded by sufficiently long-dated liabilities. Citi's structural liquidity ratio remained stable at approximately 72% as of June 30, 2013.
In addition, Citi believes it is currently in compliance with the proposed Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), as amended by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision on January 7, 2013 (the amended LCR guidelines), even though such ratio is not proposed to take full effect until 2019. Based on Citi's current interpretation of the amended LCR guidelines, Citi's estimated LCR was approximately 110% as of June 30, 2013, compared with approximately 116% at March 31, 2013 and 127% at June 30, 2012.(18) Approximately 5 percentage points of the decrease in Citi's LCR quarter-over-quarter was driven by the MSSB transaction.
Citi's 110% LCR represents additional liquidity of approximately $37 billion above the proposed minimum 100% LCR threshold. Citi continues to expect to operate with an LCR in the range of 110% going forward, with the potential for modest variability from quarter-to-quarter.
The LCR is designed to ensure banks maintain an adequate level of unencumbered cash and highly liquid securities that can be converted to cash to meet liquidity needs under an acute 30-day stress scenario. Under the amended LCR guidelines, the LCR is to be calculated by dividing the amount of unencumbered cash and highly liquid, unencumbered government, government-backed and corporate securities by estimated net outflows over a stressed 30-day period. The net outflows are calculated by applying assumed outflow factors, prescribed in the amended LCR guidelines, to various categories of liabilities, such as deposits, unsecured and secured wholesale borrowings, unused commitments and derivatives-related exposures, partially offset by inflows from assets maturing within 30 days. The amended LCR requirements expanded the definition of liquid assets, and reduced outflow estimates for certain types of deposits and commitments.
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Credit Ratings
Citigroup's funding and liquidity, including its funding capacity, ability to access the capital markets and other sources of funds, as well as the cost of these funds, and its ability to maintain certain deposits, is partially dependent on its credit ratings. The table below indicates the ratings for Citigroup, Citibank, N.A. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (a broker-dealer subsidiary of Citigroup) as of June 30, 2013.
Debt Ratings as of June 30, 2013
Fitch Ratings (Fitch)
Moody's Investors Service (Moody's)
Standard & Poor's (S&P)
Note: Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (CGMI) is rated A/A-1 by Standard & Poor's.
NR Not rated.
Recent Credit Rating Developments
On June 20, 2013, S&P changed the outlook on the long-term debt ratings of Citibank, N.A. to "stable" from "negative," citing Citi's "progress on shedding assets from Citi Holdings and reducing the risk in that portfolio."
S&P further stated that it is reconsidering the amount of government support factored into long-term ratings at the non-operating holding company level for eight U.S. banks, including Citi. At this time, S&P is not reassessing support assumptions of operating subsidiaries. S&P noted that it is closely monitoring the evolution and implementation of the Dodd-Frank regulations, including the Title II orderly liquidation authority single-point-of-entry resolution plan, and expects to update holding company support assumptions once proposed rules are written. The senior long-term debt ratings of Citigroup Inc. receive two notches of government support uplift under S&P's current methodology.
Potential Impacts of Ratings Downgrades
Ratings downgrades by Moody's, Fitch or S&P could negatively impact Citigroup's and/or Citibank, N.A.'s funding and liquidity due to reduced funding capacity, including derivatives triggers, which could take the form of cash obligations and collateral requirements.
The following information is provided for the purpose of analyzing the potential funding and liquidity impact to Citigroup and Citibank, N.A. of a hypothetical, simultaneous ratings downgrade across all three major rating agencies. This analysis is subject to certain estimates, estimation methodologies, and judgments and uncertainties, including without limitation those relating to potential ratings limitations certain entities may have with respect to permissible counterparties, as well as general subjective counterparty behavior (e.g., certain corporate customers and trading counterparties could re-evaluate their business relationships with Citi, and limit the trading of certain contracts or market instruments with Citi). Moreover, changes in counterparty behavior could impact Citi's funding and liquidity as well as the results of operations of certain of its businesses. Accordingly, the actual impact to Citigroup or Citibank, N.A. is unpredictable and may differ materially from the potential funding and liquidity impacts described below.
For additional information on the impact of credit rating changes on Citi and its applicable subsidiaries, see "Risk Factors—Liquidity Risks" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Citigroup Inc. and Citibank, N.A.—Potential Derivative Triggers
As of June 30, 2013, Citi estimates that a hypothetical one-notch downgrade of the senior debt/long-term rating of Citigroup across all three major rating agencies could impact Citigroup's funding and liquidity due to derivative triggers by approximately $0.9 billion. Other funding sources, such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements, for which there are no explicit triggers, could also be adversely affected.
In addition, as of June 30, 2013, Citi estimates that a hypothetical one-notch downgrade of the senior debt/long-term rating of Citibank, N.A. across all three major rating agencies could impact Citibank, N.A.'s funding and liquidity due to derivative triggers by approximately $2.7 billion.
In total, Citi estimates that a one-notch downgrade of Citigroup and Citibank, N.A., across all three major rating agencies, could result in aggregate cash obligations and collateral requirements of approximately $3.6 billion (see also Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As set forth under "High Quality Liquid Assets" above, the liquidity resources of Citi's parent entities were approximately $58 billion, and the liquidity resources of Citi's significant Citibank entities and other Citibank and Banamex entities were approximately $331 billion, for a total of approximately $389 billion as of June 30, 2013. These liquidity resources are available in part as a contingency for the potential events described above.
In addition, a broad range of mitigating actions are currently included in Citigroup's and Citibank, N.A.'s contingency funding plans. For Citigroup, these mitigating factors include, but are not limited to, accessing surplus funding capacity from existing clients, tailoring levels of secured lending, adjusting the size of select trading books and collateralized borrowings from Citi's significant bank subsidiaries. Mitigating actions available to Citibank, N.A. include, but are not limited to, selling or financing highly liquid government securities, tailoring levels of secured lending, adjusting the size of select trading books, reducing loan originations and renewals, raising additional deposits, or borrowing from the FHLB or central banks. Citi believes these mitigating actions could substantially reduce the funding and liquidity risk, if any, of the potential downgrades described above.
Citibank, N.A.—Additional Potential Impacts
In addition to the above derivative triggers, Citi believes that a potential one-notch downgrade of Citibank, N.A.'s senior debt/long-term rating by S&P and Fitch could also have an adverse impact on the commercial paper/short-term rating of Citibank, N.A. As of June 30, 2013, Citibank, N.A. had liquidity commitments of approximately $18.1 billion to consolidated asset-backed commercial paper conduits (as referenced in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In addition to the above-referenced liquidity resources of Citi's significant Citibank entities and other Citibank and Banamex entities, as well as the various mitigating actions previously noted, mitigating actions available to Citibank, N.A. to reduce the funding and liquidity risk, if any, of the potential downgrades described above, include repricing or reducing certain commitments to commercial paper conduits.
In addition, in the event of the potential downgrades described above, Citi believes that certain corporate customers could re-evaluate their deposit relationships with Citibank, N.A. Among other things, this re-evaluation could include adjusting their discretionary deposit levels or changing their depository institution, each of which could potentially reduce certain deposit levels at Citibank, N.A. As a potential mitigant, however, Citi could choose to adjust pricing or offer alternative deposit products to its existing customers, or seek to attract deposits from new customers, as well as utilize the other mitigating actions referenced above.
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Citigroup enters into various types of off-balance-sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Citi's involvement in these arrangements can take many different forms, including without limitation:
Citi enters into these arrangements for a variety of business purposes. These securitization entities offer investors access to specific cash flows and risks created through the securitization process. The securitization arrangements also assist Citi and Citi's customers in monetizing their financial assets at more favorable rates than Citi or the customers could otherwise obtain.
The table below presents where a discussion of Citi's various off-balance-sheet arrangements may be found in this Form 10-Q. In addition, see "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates—Securitizations" as well as Notes 1, 22 and 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Citigroup's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Types of Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements Disclosures in this Form 10-Q
Variable interests and other obligations, including contingent obligations, arising from variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs
Letters of credit, and lending and other commitments
Guarantees
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Citigroup believes that effective risk management is of primary importance to its overall operations. Accordingly, Citi's risk management process has been designed to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks it assumes in conducting its activities. These include credit, market and operational risks.
Citigroup's risk management framework is designed to balance business ownership and accountability for risks with well-defined independent risk management oversight and responsibility. Further, the risk management organization is structured so as to facilitate the management of risk across three dimensions: businesses, regions and critical products.
For more information on Citi's risk management, as well as a discussion of operational risk, see "Managing Global Risk" in Citigroup's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also "Risk Factors" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Consumer loans
In U.S. offices
Mortgage and real estate(1)
Installment, revolving credit, and other
Cards
Commercial and industrial
In offices outside the U.S.
Lease financing
Total Consumer loans
Unearned income
Consumer loans, net of unearned income
Corporate loans
Loans to financial institutions
Governments and official institutions
Total Corporate loans
Corporate loans, net of unearned income
Total loans—net of unearned income
Allowance for loan losses—on drawn exposures
Total loans—net of unearned income and allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans—net of unearned income(2)
Allowance for Consumer loan losses as a percentage of total Consumer loans—net of unearned income(2)
Allowance for Corporate loan losses as a percentage of total Corporate loans—net of unearned income(2)
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Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period
Consumer(1)
Corporate
Gross credit losses
Consumer
In U.S. offices(1)
Credit recoveries
Other—net(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period
Allowance for loan losses as a % of total loans(7)
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments(8)
Total allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending commitments
Net consumer credit losses(1)
As a percentage of average consumer loans
Net corporate credit losses
As a percentage of average corporate loans
Allowance for loan losses at end of period(9)
Citicorp
Citi Holdings
Total Citigroup
Allowance by type
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Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)
The following table details information on Citi's allowance for loan losses, loans and coverage ratios as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
North America cards(2)
North America mortgages(3)
North America other
International cards
International other(4)
Total Consumer
Total Corporate
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The following pages include information on Citi's "Non-Accrual Loans and Assets" and "Renegotiated Loans." There is a certain amount of overlap among these categories. The following summary provides a general description of each category:
Non-Accrual Loans and Assets:
Renegotiated Loans:
Non-Accrual Loans and Assets
The table below summarizes Citigroup's non-accrual loans as of the periods indicated. Non-accrual loans may still be current on interest payments. In situations where Citi reasonably expects that only a portion of the principal owed will ultimately be collected, all payments received are reflected as a reduction of principal and not as interest income. For all other non-accrual loans, cash interest receipts are generally recorded as revenue.
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Non-Accrual Loans
Total non-accrual loans (NAL)
Corporate non-accrual loans(1)
Total corporate non-accrual loans
Consumer non-accrual loans(1)
North America(2)
Total consumer non-accrual loans(2)
Citi Holdings(2)
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Non-Accrual Loans and Assets (continued)
The table below summarizes Citigroup's other real estate owned (OREO) assets as of the periods indicated. This represents the carrying value of all real estate property acquired by foreclosure or other legal proceedings when Citi has taken possession of the collateral.
OREO
Total OREO
Other repossessed assets
Non-accrual assets—Total Citigroup
Corporate non-accrual loans
Non-accrual loans (NAL)
Non-accrual assets (NAA)
NAL as a percentage of total loans
NAA as a percentage of total assets
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of NAL(2)
Non-accrual assets—Total Citi Holdings
Non-accrual loans (NAL)(1)
N/A Not available at the Citicorp or Citi Holdings level.
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Renegotiated Loans
The following table presents Citi's loans modified in TDRs.
Corporate renegotiated loans(1)
Commercial and industrial(2)
Mortgage and real estate(3)
Total Corporate renegotiated loans
Consumer renegotiated loans(4)(5)(6)(7)
Mortgage and real estate(8)
Installment and other(9)
Mortgage and real estate
Cards(10)
Installment and other
Total Consumer renegotiated loans
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Citi's North America Consumer mortgage portfolio consists of both residential first mortgages and home equity loans. As of June 30, 2013, Citi's North America Consumer residential first mortgage portfolio totaled $77.8 billion, while the home equity loan portfolio was $34.2 billion. This compared to $84.4 billion and $35.6 billion of residential first mortgages and home equity loans as of March 31, 2013, respectively. Of the first mortgages at June 30, 2013, $48.6 billion were recorded in LCL within Citi Holdings, with the remaining $29.2 billion recorded in Citicorp. With respect to the home equity loan portfolio, $31.2 billion were recorded in LCL, with the remaining $3.0 billion in Citicorp.
Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio included $8.1 billion of loans with FHA insurance or VA guarantees as of June 30, 2013, compared to $8.6 billion as of March 31, 2013. This portfolio consists of loans to low-to-moderate-income borrowers with lower FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation) scores and generally has higher loan-to-value ratios (LTVs). Credit losses on FHA loans are borne by the sponsoring governmental agency, provided that the insurance terms have not been rescinded as a result of an origination defect. With respect to VA loans, the VA establishes a loan-level loss cap, beyond which Citi is liable for loss. While FHA and VA loans have high delinquency rates, given the insurance and guarantees, respectively, Citi has experienced negligible credit losses on these loans.
In addition, as of June 30, 2013, Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio included $1.6 billion of loans with origination LTVs above 80%, compared to $1.5 billion at March 31, 2013, which have insurance through mortgage insurance companies. As of June 30, 2013, the residential first mortgage portfolio also had $0.9 billion of loans subject to long-term standby commitments (LTSCs) with U.S. government-sponsored entities (GSEs) (unchanged from March 31, 2013), for which Citi has limited exposure to credit losses. Citi's home equity loan portfolio also included $0.3 billion of loans subject to LTSCs with GSEs (unchanged from March 31, 2013), for which Citi also has limited exposure to credit losses. These guarantees and commitments may be rescinded in the event of loan origination defects.
Citi's allowance for loan loss calculations takes into consideration the impact of these guarantees and commitments.
Citi does not offer option-adjustable rate mortgages/negative amortizing mortgage products to its customers. As a result, option-adjustable rate mortgages/negative amortizing mortgages represent an insignificant portion of total balances, since they were acquired only incidentally as part of prior portfolio and business purchases.
As of June 30, 2013, Citi's North America residential first mortgage portfolio contained approximately $6.1 billion of adjustable rate mortgages that are currently required to make a payment only of accrued interest for the payment period, or an interest-only payment, compared to $6.9 billion at March 31, 2013. The decline quarter-over-quarter resulted from conversions to amortizing loans of $268 million and repayments of $324 million, with the remainder primarily due to asset sales and transfers to held-for-sale of $203 million. Borrowers who are currently required to make an interest-only payment cannot select a lower payment that would negatively amortize the loan. Residential first mortgages with this payment feature are primarily to high-credit-quality borrowers who have on average significantly higher origination and refreshed FICO scores than other loans in the residential first mortgage portfolio, and have exhibited significantly lower 30+ delinquency rates as compared with residential first mortgages without this payment feature. As such, Citi does not believe the residential mortgage loans with this payment feature represent substantially higher risk in the portfolio.
North America Consumer Mortgage Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses—Residential First Mortgages
The following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit losses for Citigroup's residential first mortgage portfolio in North America. Approximately 62% of Citi's residential first mortgage exposure arises from its portfolio within Citi Holdings—LCL.
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Continued management actions, including asset sales and, to a lesser extent, modification programs, as well as the improvement in the Home Price Index (HPI), were the drivers of the overall improved asset performance within Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio in Citi Holdings during the second quarter of 2013. In addition, Citi continued to observe fewer loans entering the 30-89 days past due delinquency bucket during the quarter, which it attributes to the continued general improvement in the economic environment during the quarter coupled with Citi's sale of re-performing mortgages.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citi sold approximately $0.7 billion of delinquent residential first mortgages (compared to $1.0 billion in the first quarter of 2013) and $2.4 billion of re-performing residential first mortgages (compared to $1.3 billion in the first quarter of 2013). Since the beginning of 2010, Citi has sold approximately $11.4 billion of delinquent residential first mortgages.
In addition, Citi modified approximately $0.4 billion of residential first mortgage loans during the second quarter of 2013 (consistent with $0.4 billion in the first quarter of 2013), including loan modifications pursuant to the national mortgage and independent foreclosure review settlements. Loan modifications under the national mortgage and independent foreclosure review settlements have improved Citi's 30+ days past due delinquencies by approximately $531 million as of the end of the second quarter of 2013. While re-defaults of previously modified mortgages under the HAMP and Citi Supplemental Modification (CSM) programs continued to track favorably versus expectations as of June 30, 2013, Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio continued to show some signs of the impact of re-defaults of previously modified mortgages. For additional information on Citi's residential first mortgage loan modifications, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Citi believes that its ability to reduce delinquencies or net credit losses in its residential first mortgage portfolio, due to any deterioration of the underlying credit performance of these loans, portfolio mix, re-defaults, the lengthening of the foreclosure process (see "Foreclosures" below) or otherwise, pursuant to asset sales or modifications could be limited going forward due to, among other things, the lower remaining inventory of delinquent loans to sell or modify or the lack of market demand for asset sales. In addition, Citi has observed that sales of re-performing residential first mortgages tend to be yield sensitive, meaning that as interest rates increase, it could negatively impact Citi's ability to sell such loans. Citi has taken these trends and uncertainties, including the potential for re-defaults, into consideration in determining its loan loss reserves. See "North America Consumer Mortgages—Loan Loss Reserve Coverage" below.
North America Residential First Mortgages—State Delinquency Trends
The following tables set forth, for total Citigroup, the six states and/or regions with the highest concentration of Citi's residential first mortgages as of June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013.
CA
NY/NJ/CT
IN/OH/MI
FL
IL
AZ/NV
Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding.
As evidenced by the table above, Citi's residential first mortgages portfolio is primarily concentrated in California and the New York/New Jersey/Connecticut region (with New York as the largest of the three states). The general improvement in refreshed LTV percentages at June 30, 2013 was primarily the result of improvements in HPI across substantially all metropolitan statistical areas, thereby increasing values used in the determination of LTV. Additionally, delinquent and re-performing mortgage asset sales of high LTV loans during the second quarter of 2013 further reduced the amount of loans with greater than 100% LTV. To a lesser extent, modification programs involving principal forgiveness further reduced the loans in this category during the second quarter of 2013. While Citi's 90+ days past due delinquency rates for the states/regions above have improved, with the continued lengthening of the foreclosure process (see discussion under "Foreclosures" below) in all of these states and regions during the second quarter of 2013, Citi expects it could experience less improvement in the 90+ days past due delinquency rate in certain of these states and/or regions in the future.
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Foreclosures
The substantial majority of Citi's foreclosure inventory consists of residential first mortgages. As of June 30, 2013, approximately 1.4% (approximately $1.0 billion) of Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio was in Citi's foreclosure inventory, compared to 1.2% ($0.9 billion) as of March 31, 2013 and 2.1% ($1.7 billion) as of June 30, 2012 (for each period, based on the dollar amount of ending net receivables of loans in foreclosure inventory as of such date, excluding loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and loans subject to LTSCs).
The increase in Citi's foreclosure inventory quarter-over-quarter was primarily a result of the initiation of new foreclosures that had previously been delayed from entering foreclosure due to increased state requirements and other regulatory requirements for foreclosure filings (e.g., extensive documentation, processing and filing requirements). Despite this slight increase quarter-over-quarter, Citi's foreclosure inventory remained below prior-year levels, due primarily to the foreclosure delays discussed above as well as Citi's continued asset sales of delinquent first mortgages and loan modifications, including under the national mortgage and independent foreclosure review settlements.
Although there was an increase in the initiation of foreclosures during the second quarter of 2013, the foreclosure process largely remains stagnant across most states, driven primarily by the additional regulatory requirements necessary to complete foreclosures as well as the continued lengthening of the foreclosure process. Citi continues to experience average timeframes to foreclosure that are two to three times longer than historical norms. Extended foreclosure timelines continue to be more pronounced in the judicial states (i.e., states that require foreclosures to be processed via court approval), where Citi has a higher concentration of residential first mortgages in foreclosure (see "North America Residential First Mortgages—State Delinquency Trends" above).
In addition, active foreclosure units in process for two years or more as a percentage of Citi's total residential and home equity foreclosure inventory was approximately 32%, unchanged from March 31, 2013, and increased from 19% as of June 30, 2012, reflecting the extended foreclosure timelines and lower number of loans moving into foreclosure.
Citi's servicing agreements associated with its sales of mortgage loans to the GSEs generally provide the GSEs with a high level of servicing oversight, including, among other things, timelines in which foreclosures or modification activities are to be completed. The agreements allow for the GSEs to take action against a servicer for violation of the timelines, which includes imposing compensatory fees. While the GSEs have not historically exercised their rights to impose compensatory fees, they have begun to do so on a regular basis. To date, the imposition of compensatory fees, as a result of the extended foreclosure timelines or otherwise, has not had a material impact on Citi.
North America Consumer Mortgage Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses—Home Equity Loans
Citi's home equity loan portfolio consists of both fixed-rate home equity loans and loans extended under home equity lines of credit. Fixed-rate home equity loans are fully amortizing. Home equity lines of credit allow for amounts to be drawn for a period of time with the payment of interest only and then, at the end of the draw period, the then-outstanding amount is converted to an amortizing loan (the interest-only payment feature during the revolving period is standard for this product across the industry). Prior to June 2010, Citi's originations of home equity lines of credit typically had a 10-year draw period. Beginning in June 2010, Citi's originations of home equity lines of credit typically have a five-year draw period as Citi changed these terms to mitigate risk. After conversion, the home equity loans typically have a 20-year amortization period.
As of June 30, 2013, Citi's home equity loan portfolio of $34.2 billion included approximately $20.4 billion of home equity lines of credit (Revolving HELOCs) that are still within their revolving period and have not commenced amortization, or "reset." This compared to $21.1 billion at March 31, 2013. The following chart sets forth these Revolving HELOCs and the year in which they reset, as well as certain FICO and combined loan-to-value (CLTV) characteristics of the portfolio:
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As indicated by the chart above, as of June 30, 2013, approximately only 4% of Citi's Revolving HELOCs had commenced amortization. Approximately 8% and 72% of the Revolving HELOCs will commence amortization during the remainder of the periods 2013-2014 and 2015-2017, respectively. Based on the limited sample of Revolving HELOCs that has begun amortization, Citi has experienced marginally higher delinquency rates in its amortizing home equity loan portfolio as compared to its non-amortizing loan portfolio. However, these resets have generally occurred during a period of declining interest rates, which Citi believes has likely reduced the overall "payment shock" to the borrower. Citi continues to monitor this reset risk closely, particularly as it approaches 2015, and Citi will continue to consider any potential impact in determining its allowance for loan loss reserves. In addition, management is reviewing additional actions to offset potential reset risk, such as extending offers to non-amortizing home equity loan borrowers to convert the non-amortizing home equity loan to a fixed-rate amortizing loan.
As of June 30, 2013, the percentage of Citi's U.S. home equity loans in a junior lien position where Citi also owned or serviced the first lien was approximately 30%. However, for all home equity loans (regardless of whether Citi owns or services the first lien), Citi manages its home equity loan account strategy through obtaining and reviewing refreshed credit bureau scores (which reflect the borrower's performance on all of its debts, including a first lien, if any), refreshed CLTV ratios and other borrower credit-related information. Historically, the default and delinquency statistics for junior liens where Citi also owns or services the first lien have been better than for those where Citi does not own or service the first lien. Citi believes this is generally attributable to origination channels and better credit characteristics of the portfolio, including FICO and CLTV, for those junior liens where Citi also owns or services the first lien.
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The following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit losses for Citi's home equity loan portfolio in North America. The vast majority of Citi's home equity loan exposure arises from its portfolio within Citi Holdings—LCL.
N/A Not Applicable
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As evidenced by the tables above, home equity loan delinquencies improved during the second quarter of 2013, including fewer loans entering the 30-89 days past due delinquency bucket. The improvement quarter-over-quarter was driven by continued modifications and improvement in HPI. Given the lack of a market in which to sell delinquent home equity loans, as well as the relatively smaller number of home equity loan modifications and modification programs (see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), Citi's ability to reduce delinquencies or net credit losses in its home equity loan portfolio in Citi Holdings, whether pursuant to deterioration of the underlying credit performance of these loans or otherwise, is more limited as compared to residential first mortgages. Citi has taken these trends and uncertainties into consideration in determining its loan loss reserves. See "North AmericaConsumer Mortgages—Loan Loss Reserve Coverage" below.
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North America Home Equity Loans—State Delinquency Trends
The following tables set forth, for total Citigroup, the six states and/or regions with the highest concentration of Citi's home equity loans as of June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013.
As evidenced by the table above, Citi's home equity portfolio is primarily concentrated in California and the New York/New Jersey/Connecticut region (with New York as the largest of the three states). The stable to improving refreshed CLTV percentages at June 30, 2013 was primarily the result of improvements in HPI in these states/regions, thereby increasing values used in the determination of CLTV. For the reasons described under "North America Consumer Mortgage Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses—Home Equity Loans" above, Citi could experience increased delinquencies and thus increased net credit losses in certain of these states and/or regions going forward.
National Mortgage Settlement/Independent Foreclosure Review Settlement
Under the national mortgage settlement, entered into by Citi and other financial institutions in February 2012, Citi agreed to provide (i) customer relief in the form of loan modifications for delinquent borrowers, including principal reductions, and other loss mitigation activities to be completed over three years, with a required settlement value of $1.4 billion; and (ii) refinancing concessions to enable current borrowers whose properties are worth less than the balance of their loans to reduce their interest rates, also to be completed over three years, with a required settlement value of $378 million. Pursuant to the independent foreclosure review settlement, entered into by Citi and other major mortgage servicers in January 2013, Citi agreed to offer $487 million of mortgage assistance to borrowers in accordance with agreed criteria.
For additional information regarding the national mortgage settlement and the independent foreclosure review settlement, including Citi's accounting for the various loan modifications and refinancing concessions offered, see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—National Mortgage Settlement" and "—Independent Foreclosure Review Settlement" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As of the end of the second quarter of 2013, Citi believes it has fulfilled its requirement for the loan modification remediation and refinancing concessions under the national mortgage settlement. The results are pending review and certification of the monitor required by the national mortgage settlement, which is not expected to be completed until later in 2013.
Through June 30, 2013, Citi assisted approximately 47,000 customers under the loan modification and other loss-mitigation activities provisions of the national mortgage settlement, resulting in an aggregate principal reduction of approximately $3.2 billion that is potentially eligible for inclusion in the settlement value (like other financial institutions party to the national mortgage settlement, Citi does not receive dollar-for-dollar settlement value for the relief it
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provides under the national mortgage settlement in all cases). Net credit losses of approximately $600 million have been incurred to date relating to the loan modifications under the national mortgage settlement, all of which were offset by loan loss reserve releases (net credit losses included approximately $370 million of incremental charge-offs related to anticipated forgiveness of principal in connection with the national mortgage settlement in the first quarter of 2012).
In addition, as of June 30, 2013, Citi has provided refinance concessions under the national mortgage settlement to approximately 17,000 customers holding loans with a total unpaid principal balance of $2.8 billion, thus reducing their interest rate to 5.25% or less for the remaining life of the loan.
As of June 30, 2013, approximately 8,000 customers holding loans with a total unpaid principal balance of $1.2 billion who were provided refinance concessions under the national mortgage settlement have been accounted for as TDRs. These refinancing concessions have not had a material impact on the fair value of the modified mortgage loans. Further, Citi estimates the forgone future interest income as a result of the refinance concessions under the national mortgage settlement that were not accounted for as TDRs was approximately $15 million during the second quarter of 2013, and that the total amount of expected forgone future interest income as a result of the refinancing concessions will be approximately $60 million annually.
With respect to the independent foreclosure review settlement, Citi continues to fulfill its obligations under the settlement, and estimates it will incur additional net credit losses of approximately $30 million per quarter during the remainder of 2013. Citi continues to believe its loan loss reserve as of June 30, 2013 will be sufficient to cover any mortgage assistance under the independent foreclosure review settlement.
Consumer Mortgage FICO and LTV
The following charts detail the quarterly trends for Citi's residential first mortgage and home equity loan portfolios by risk segment (FICO and LTV) and the 90+ day delinquency rates for those risk segments. For example, in the second quarter of 2013, residential first mortgages had $4.9 billion of balances with refreshed FICO < 660 and refreshed LTV > 100%. Approximately 15.4% of these loans in this segment were over 90+ days past due.
Residential First Mortgages
In billions of dollars
Home Equity Loans
Notes:
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Citi's residential first mortgages with an LTV above 100% has declined by 27% since the first quarter of 2013, and high LTV loans with FICO scores of less than 660 decreased by 18% to $4.9 billion. The residential first mortgage portfolio has migrated to a higher FICO and lower LTV distribution as a result of home price appreciation, asset sales and principal forgiveness. Loans 90+ days past due in the residential first mortgage portfolio with refreshed FICO scores of less than 660 as well as higher LTVs have declined by approximately 19%, or $0.2 billion, quarter-over-quarter to approximately $0.8 billion. This can be attributed to asset sales and modification programs, offset by the lengthening of the foreclosure process, as discussed in the sections above. Citi's home equity loans with a CLTV above 100% have declined by 18% since the first quarter of 2013, and high CLTV loans with FICO scores of less than 660 decreased by 17% to approximately $2.9 billion. The CLTV improvement was primarily the result of home price appreciation, charge offs and repayments.
Residential first mortgages historically have experienced higher delinquency rates, as compared to home equity loans, despite the fact that home equity loans are typically in junior lien positions and residential first mortgages are typically in a first lien position. Citi believes this difference is primarily because residential first mortgages are written down to collateral value less cost to sell at 180 days past due and remain in the delinquency population until full disposition through sale, repayment or foreclosure; however, home equity loans are generally fully charged off at 180 days past due and thus removed from the delinquency calculation. In addition, due to the longer timelines to foreclose on a residential first mortgage (see "Foreclosures" above), these loans tend to remain in the delinquency statistics for a longer period and, consequently, the 90 days or more delinquencies of these loans remain higher.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
To minimize credit and liquidity risk, Citi sells most of the conforming mortgage loans it originates but retains the servicing rights. These sale transactions create an intangible asset referred to as mortgage servicing rights (MSRs), which are recorded at fair value on Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of MSRs is primarily affected by changes in prepayments of mortgages that result from shifts in mortgage interest rates. Specifically, higher interest rates tend to lead to declining prepayments which causes the fair value of the MSRs to increase. In managing this risk, Citi economically hedges a significant portion of the value of its MSRs through the use of interest rate derivative contracts, forward purchase and sale commitments of mortgage-backed securities and purchased securities classified as trading account assets.
Citi's MSRs totaled $2.5 billion as of June 30, 2013, compared to $2.2 billion and $1.9 billion at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The increase in the value of Citi's MSRs from March 31, 2013 primarily reflected the impact from higher interest rates partially offset by amortization. As of June 30, 2013, approximately $1.9 billion of MSRs were specific to Citicorp, with the remainder to Citi Holdings.
For additional information on Citi's MSRs, see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representations and Warranties
In connection with Citi's sales of residential mortgage loans to the U.S. government-sponsored entities (GSEs) and, in most cases, other mortgage loan sales and private-label securitizations, Citi makes representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The specific representations and warranties made by Citi in any particular transaction depend on, among other things, the nature of the transaction and the requirements of the investor (e.g., whole loan sale to the GSEs versus loans sold through securitization transactions), as well as the credit quality of the loan (e.g., prime, Alt-A or subprime).
These sales expose Citi to potential claims for alleged breaches of its representations and warranties. In the event of a breach of its representations and warranties, Citi could be required either to repurchase the mortgage loans with the identified defects (generally at unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest) or to indemnify ("make whole") the investors for their losses on these loans. Investors could also seek recovery for alleged breaches of representations and warranties, as well as losses caused by non-performing loans more generally, through litigation premised on a variety of legal theories.
As of the first quarter of 2013, Citi considers private-label securitization representation and warranty claims as part of its litigation accrual analysis (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representation and Warranties—Repurchase Reserve" in Citi's First Quarter of 2013 Form 10-Q for additional information). For additional information, see Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Whole Loan Sales
Citi is exposed to representation and warranty repurchase claims primarily as a result of its whole loan sales to the GSEs and, to a lesser extent private investors, through its Consumer business in CitiMortgage. For the types of representation and warranties made to these investors, see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representation and Warranties" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K. To the extent Citi made representation and warranties on loans it purchased from third-party sellers that remain financially viable, Citi may have the right to seek recovery of repurchase losses or make-whole payments from the third party based on representations and warranties made by the third party to Citi (a "back-to-back" claim).
During the period 2006 through 2008, Citi sold a total of approximately $321 billion of whole loans, substantially all to the GSEs (this amount has not been adjusted for subsequent borrower repayments of principal, defaults or repurchase activity to date). The vast majority of these loans were either originated by Citi or purchased from third-party sellers that Citi believes would be unlikely to honor back-to-back claims because they are in bankruptcy, liquidation or financial distress and, thus, are no longer financially viable. As discussed below, however, Citi's repurchase reserve takes into account estimated reimbursements, if any, to be received from third-party sellers.
On June 28, 2013, Citi reached an agreement with Fannie Mae to resolve potential future repurchase claims for breaches of representations and warranties on 3.7 million residential first mortgage loans sold to Fannie Mae that were originated between 2000 and 2012 (Covered Loans). Citi paid Fannie Mae $968 million under the agreement, substantially all of which was covered by Citi's existing mortgage repurchase reserves as of March 31, 2013. The agreement covers potential future origination-related representation and warranty claims on the Covered Loans. The agreement does not release Citi's liability with respect to its servicing or other ongoing contractual obligations on the Covered Loans. It also does not release liability to a population of less than 12,000 loans originated between 2000 and 2012 with certain characteristics such as loans sold with a performance guarantee or under special credit enhancement programs.
Private-Label Residential Mortgage Securitizations
Citi is also exposed to representation and warranty repurchase claims as a result of mortgage loans sold through private-label residential mortgage securitizations. For the types of representation and warranties made to these investors, which were generally made or assigned to the issuing trust, as well as other additional information relating to Citi's private-label residential mortgage securitizations, see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representation and Warranties" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the period 2005 through 2008, Citi sold loans into and sponsored private-label securitizations through both its Consumer business in CitiMortgage and its legacy S&B business. Citi sold approximately $91 billion of mortgage loans through private-label securitizations during this period.
CitiMortgage
During the period 2005 through 2008, Citi sold approximately $24.6 billion of loans through private-label mortgage securitization trusts via its Consumer business in CitiMortgage. These $24.6 billion of securitization trusts were composed of approximately $15.4 billion in prime trusts and $9.2 billion in Alt-A trusts, each as classified at issuance.
As of June 30, 2013, approximately $7.8 billion of the $24.6 billion remained outstanding (compared to $8.3 billion at March 31, 2013) as a result of repayments of approximately $15.4 billion and cumulative losses (incurred by the issuing trusts) of approximately $1.4 billion. The remaining outstanding amount is composed of approximately $3.8 billion in prime trusts and approximately $4.0 billion in Alt-A trusts, as classified at issuance. As of June 30, 2013, the remaining outstanding amount had a 90 days or more delinquency rate of approximately 16.3% (compared to 15.9% at March 31, 2013).
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Legacy S&B Securitizations
During the period 2005 through 2008, S&B, through its legacy business, sold approximately $66.4 billion of loans through private-label mortgage securitization trusts. These $66.4 billion of securitization trusts were composed of approximately $15.4 billion in prime trusts, $12.4 billion in Alt-A trusts and $38.6 billion in subprime trusts, each as classified at issuance.
As of June 30, 2013, approximately $18.3 billion of the $66.4 billion remained outstanding (compared to $19.1 billion at March 31, 2013) as a result of repayments of approximately $36.9 billion and cumulative losses (incurred by the issuing trusts) of approximately $11.1 billion (of which approximately $8.4 billion related to loans in subprime trusts). The remaining outstanding amount is composed of approximately $4.6 billion in prime trusts, $3.9 billion in Alt-A trusts and $9.8 billion in subprime trusts, as classified at issuance. As of June 30, 2013, the remaining outstanding amount had a 90 days or more delinquency rate of approximately 24.1% (compared to 25.4% at March 31, 2013).
Whole Loan Representation and Warranty Claims by Claimant
The following table sets forth the original principal balance of representation and warranty claims by claimant, as well as the original principal balance of unresolved claims by claimant, for each of the quarterly periods presented:
GSEs and others(2)
Mortgage insurers(3)
Repurchase Reserve
Citi has recorded a repurchase reserve for its potential repurchase or make-whole liability regarding representation and warranty claims, which primarily relates to whole loan sales to the GSEs. Specifically, the repurchase reserve balance is available to cover representation and warranty claims on residential mortgage loans sold to Freddie Mac, loans sold to Fannie Mae that are excluded from the Fannie Mae agreement (as discussed above) and loans sold to private investors.
The repurchase reserve is based on various assumptions which are primarily based on Citi's historical repurchase activity with the GSEs. As of June 30, 2013, the most significant assumptions used to calculate the reserve levels are the: (i) probability of a claim based on correlation between loan characteristics and repurchase claims; (ii) claims appeal success rates; and (iii) estimated loss per repurchase or make-whole payment. In addition, Citi considers reimbursements estimated to be received from third-party sellers, if any, which are generally based on Citi's analysis of its most recent collection trends and the financial solvency or viability of the third-party sellers.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citi recorded an additional reserve of $245 million relating to its whole loan sales repurchase exposure, which was recorded in Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending. The change in estimate in the second quarter of 2013 primarily resulted from (i) a continued heightened focus by Freddie Mac, including elevated loan documentation requests, resulting in increased estimates of repurchase claims, (ii) a deteriorating repurchase estimate associated with mortgage insurance rescission behavior, and (iii) an incremental reserve related to the Fannie Mae agreement. Citi's claims appeal success rate remained stable during the second quarter of 2013, with approximately half of repurchase claims successfully appealed and thus resulting in no loss to Citi.
As referenced above, the repurchase reserve estimation process for potential whole loan representation and warranty claims relies on various assumptions that involve numerous estimates and judgments, including with respect to certain future events, and thus entails inherent uncertainty. Citi estimates that the range of reasonably possible loss for whole loan sale representation and warranty claims in excess of amounts accrued as of June 30, 2013 could be up to $0.2 billion. This estimate was derived by modifying the key assumptions discussed above to reflect management's judgment regarding reasonably possible adverse changes to those assumptions.
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Citi's estimate of reasonably possible loss is based on currently available information, significant judgment and numerous assumptions that are subject to change.
The table below sets forth the activity in the repurchase reserve for each of the quarterly periods presented:
Balance, beginning of period
Reclassification(1)
Additions for new sales(2)
Change in estimate(3)
Utilizations
Fannie Mae Agreement(4)
Balance, end of period
The following table sets forth the unpaid principal balance of loans repurchased due to representation and warranty claims during each of the quarterly periods presented:
GSEs and others(1)
In addition to the amounts set forth in the table above, Citi recorded make-whole payments of $59 million, $93 million, $92 million, $118 million and $91 million for the quarterly periods ended June 30, 2013, March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012, September 30, 2012 and June 30, 2012, respectively. Nearly all of these make-whole payments were to the GSEs.
To date, the majority of Citi's repurchases have related to loans originated from 2006 through 2008, which also represent the vintages with the highest loss severity. An insignificant percentage of repurchases and make-whole payments have been from vintages pre-2006 and post-2008, which Citi attributes to better credit performance of these vintages and to the enhanced underwriting standards implemented beginning in the second half of 2008. Issues related to (i) misrepresentation of facts by either the borrower or a third party (e.g., income, employment, debts, etc.), (ii) appraisal issues (e.g., an error or misrepresentation of value), and (iii) program requirements (e.g., a loan that does not meet investor guidelines, such as contractual interest rate) have been the primary drivers of Citi's repurchases and make-whole payments to the GSEs. The type of defect that results in a repurchase or make-whole payment, however, has varied and will likely continue to vary over time. There has not been a meaningful difference in Citi's incurred or estimated loss for any particular type of defect.
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Citi's North America cards portfolio primarily consists of its Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services portfolios in Citicorp. As of June 30, 2013, the Citicorp Citi-branded cards portfolio totaled approximately $69 billion, while the Citi retail services portfolio was approximately $36 billion.
See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Citi's North America cards modifications.
North America Cards Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses
The following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit losses for Citigroup's North America Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services portfolios in Citicorp. Assuming no downturn in the U.S. economic environment, Citi believes credit trends have largely stabilized in the cards portfolios.
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CONSUMER LOAN DETAILS
Consumer Loan Delinquency Amounts and Ratios
Citicorp(3)(4)
Ratio
North America—Citi-branded
North America—Citi retail services
Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending(5)(6)
International
Total Citigroup (excluding Special Asset Pool)
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Consumer Loan Net Credit Losses and Ratios
North America—retail services
Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending
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CORPORATE CREDIT DETAILS
For additional information on the credit process for Citi's corporate clients and investment banking activities, see "Managing Global Risk—Risk Management—Overview" and "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Corporate Loan Details" in Citigroup's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Corporate Credit Portfolio
The following table represents the Corporate credit portfolio (excluding Private Bank in Securities and Banking), before consideration of collateral or hedges, by remaining tenor at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The Corporate credit portfolio includes loans and unfunded lending commitments in Citi's institutional client exposure in ICG and SAP by Citi's internal management hierarchy and is broken out by (i) direct outstandings, which include drawn loans, overdrafts, bankers' acceptances and leases, and (ii) unfunded lending commitments, which include unused commitments to lend, letters of credit and financial guarantees.
Direct outstandings
Unfunded lending commitments
Portfolio Mix—Geography, Counterparty and Industry
Citi's Corporate credit portfolio is diverse across geography and counterparty. The following table shows the percentage of direct outstandings and unfunded lending commitments by region based on Citi's internal management geography:
The maintenance of accurate and consistent risk ratings across the Corporate credit portfolio facilitates the comparison of credit exposure across all lines of business, geographic regions and products. Counterparty risk ratings reflect an estimated probability of default for a counterparty and are derived primarily through the use of validated statistical models, scorecard models and external agency ratings (under defined circumstances), in combination with consideration of factors specific to the obligor or market, such as management experience, competitive position and regulatory environment. Facility risk ratings are assigned that reflect the probability of default of the obligor and factors that affect the loss-given-default of the facility, such as support or collateral. Internal obligor ratings that generally correspond to BBB and above are considered investment grade, while those below are considered non-investment grade.
Citigroup also has incorporated climate risk assessment criteria for certain obligors, as necessary. Factors evaluated include consideration of climate risk to an obligor's business and physical assets and, when relevant, consideration of cost-effective options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The following table presents the Corporate credit portfolio by facility risk rating at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, as a percentage of the total Corporate credit portfolio:
AAA/AA/A
BBB
BB/B
CCC or below
Unrated
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Citi's Corporate credit portfolio is also diversified by industry, with a concentration in the financial sector, broadly defined, and including banks, other financial institutions, insurance companies, investment banks and government and central banks. The following table shows the allocation of direct outstandings and unfunded lending commitments to industries as a percentage of the total Corporate credit portfolio:
Transportation and industrial
Petroleum, energy, chemical and metal
Consumer retail and health
Banks/broker-dealers
Technology, media and telecom
Public sector
Insurance and special purpose entities
Real estate
Hedge funds
Other industries
Credit Risk Mitigation
As part of its overall risk management activities, Citigroup uses credit derivatives and other risk mitigants to hedge portions of the credit risk in its Corporate credit portfolio, in addition to outright asset sales. The purpose of these transactions is to transfer credit risk to third parties. The results of the mark to market and any realized gains or losses on credit derivatives are reflected in Principal transactions on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, $30.3 billion and $33.0 billion, respectively, of the Corporate credit portfolio was economically hedged. Citigroup's expected loss model used in the calculation of its loan loss reserve does not include the favorable impact of credit derivatives and other mitigants that are marked-to-market. In addition, the reported amounts of direct outstandings and unfunded lending commitments in the tables above do not reflect the impact of these hedging transactions. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the credit protection was economically hedging underlying Corporate credit portfolio with the following risk rating distribution:
Rating of Hedged Exposure
At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the credit protection was economically hedging underlying Corporate credit portfolio exposures with the following industry distribution:
Industry of Hedged Exposure
For additional information on Citi's Corporate credit portfolio, including allowance for loan losses, coverage ratios and Corporate non-accrual loans, see "Credit Risk—Loans Outstanding, Details of Credit Loss Experience, Allowance for Loan Losses and Non-Accrual Loans and Assets" above.
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Market risk encompasses liquidity risk and price risk, both of which arise in the normal course of business of a global financial intermediary such as Citi. For a discussion of funding and liquidity risk, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" above. Price risk losses arise from fluctuations in the market value of trading and non-trading positions resulting from changes in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, and in their implied volatilities. For additional information, see "Managing Global Risk—Market Risk" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Price Risk—Non-Trading Portfolios
Interest Rate Exposure (IRE)
The exposures in the following table represent the approximate annualized risk to Citi's net interest revenue assuming an unanticipated parallel instantaneous 100 basis point change in interest rates compared with the market forward interest rates in selected currencies.
U.S. dollar(1)
Mexican peso
Euro
Japanese yen
Pound sterling
All other currencies(2)
NM Not meaningful. A 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would imply negative rates for the yield curve.
Generally, Citi manages its IRE for non-trading portfolios as a consolidated net position by currency. Citi's client-facing businesses create interest rate sensitive positions, including loans and deposits, as part of their on-going activities and transfer the risk to Citi Treasury. Operating within established limits, Citi Treasury makes positioning decisions and uses tools, such as Citi's investment securities portfolio, firm-issued debt and related interest rate derivatives, to achieve the desired risk profile. Changes in net IRE reflect the accumulated changes in all non-trading assets and liabilities, with potentially large and offsetting impacts, as well as Citi Treasury's positioning decisions.
The changes in the U.S. dollar IRE from the prior quarter and year primarily reflected changes in Citi's balance sheet composition, including the growth and seasoning of Citi's deposit balances, increases in Citi's capital base and Citi Treasury positioning.
Citi routinely runs multiple interest rate scenarios, including rate increases and decreases as well as steepening and flattening of the yield curve, to anticipate how net interest revenue might behave in different interest rate environments.
The following table shows the approximate annualized risk to net interest revenue from six different changes in the implied-forward rates for the U.S. dollar. Each scenario assumes that the rate change will occur instantaneously, and that there are no changes to Citi's portfolio positioning as a result of the interest rate changes.
Overnight rate change (bps)
10-year rate change (bps)
Impact to net interest revenue (in millions of dollars)
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Changes in Interest Rates and Foreign Exchange Rates—Impacts on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and Capital
Changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates can also impact Citi's Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), which can in turn impact Citi's common equity, tangible book equity and regulatory capital ratios. For the reasons discussed below, however, Citi believes that changes in foreign exchange rates are less likely to have a significant impact on Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio.
As of June 30, 2013, Citi estimates the effect of a parallel instantaneous 100 basis point increase in interest rates could reduce Citi's AOCI by approximately $2.4 billion, or 1.5% of tangible common equity (TCE), driven by a reduction in unrealized gains or an increase in unrealized losses on the available-for-sale securities portfolio, partially offset by increases in the value of cash flow hedges and pension liability adjustments. Citi further estimates that these changes could reduce its estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio (as calculated based on the Basel III NPR) by approximately 35 basis points. In accordance with the definition of Tier 1 Capital under Basel III, this estimate excludes the effect of cash flow hedges and considers the effect of Citi's deferred tax asset position.
During the second quarter of 2013, interest rates in many of Citi's markets increased markedly. Primarily as a result of these increases, Citi's AOCI, excluding foreign currency translation, declined by approximately $1.2 billion after-tax, driven by a $2.1 billion after-tax decline in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities, partially offset by increases in the value of cash flow hedges and pension liability adjustments. Citi estimates that this change reduced its estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio by approximately 14 basis points, excluding the potential effects of changes in Citi's deferred tax asset position.
With respect to changes in foreign exchange rates, as of June 30, 2013, Citi estimates that a simultaneous 5% appreciation of the U.S. dollar against all of Citi's foreign currencies could reduce Citi's foreign currency translation adjustment, net of hedges, by approximately $2.3 billion, and its TCE by approximately $1.6 billion, or 1.0% of TCE. The difference between common equity and TCE relates to the translation of goodwill and other intangibles denominated in foreign currencies. These changes would primarily be driven by changes in the value of the Mexican peso, the British pound sterling, the Japanese yen, the Korean won and the Euro.
Despite this decrease in TCE, Citi believes its business model and management of foreign currency translation exposure work to minimize the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on its estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio. Specifically, as currency movements change the value of Citi's capital denominated in foreign currencies, these movements also change the value of Citi's risk-weighted assets denominated in those currencies. This effect, coupled with Citi's foreign currency hedging strategies, limits the effect of foreign currency translation on Citi's Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio, thus typically resulting in an immaterial impact from quarter-to-quarter.
During the second quarter of 2013, the U.S. dollar appreciated by approximately 3.5% against the major currencies to which Citi is exposed, resulting in a reduction in TCE of approximately $1.2 billion after-tax, or approximately 0.7%. Despite this reduction, the impact on Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio was a reduction of approximately 4 basis points, as the decline in AOCI was partly offset by foreign currency reductions in risk-weighted assets.
For additional information in the changes in AOCI during the second quarter and first half of 2013 (and comparable periods), see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Price Risk—Trading Portfolios
Value at Risk
Value at risk (VAR) estimates, at a 99% confidence level, the potential decline in the value of a position or a portfolio under normal market conditions assuming a one-day holding period. VAR statistics, which are based on historical data, can be materially different across firms due to differences in portfolio composition, differences in VAR methodologies, and differences in model parameters. Due to these inconsistencies, Citi believes VAR statistics can be used more effectively as indicators of trends in risk taking within a firm, rather than as a basis for inferring differences in risk taking across firms.
In addition to VAR, Citi monitors the price risk of its trading portfolios using other measures such as, but not limited to, risk factor sensitivities and stress testing. For additional information on risk factor sensitivities and stress testing, see "Managing Global Risk—Market Risk—Price Risk—Trading Portfolios" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Citi uses a single, independently approved Monte Carlo simulation VAR model (see "VAR Model Review and Validation" below) which has been designed to capture material risk sensitivities (such as first- and second-order sensitivities of positions to changes in market prices) of various asset classes/risk types (such as interest rate, foreign exchange, equity and commodity risks). Citi's VAR includes all positions which are measured at fair value; it does not include investment securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. For information on these securities, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Citi believes its VAR model is conservatively calibrated to incorporate the greater of short-term (most recent month) and long-term (three years) market volatility. The Monte Carlo simulation involves approximately 300,000 market factors, making use of 180,000 time series, with risk sensitivities updated daily and model parameters updated weekly.
The conservative features of the VAR calibration contribute approximately 14% add-on to what would be a VAR estimated under the assumption of stable and perfectly normally distributed markets. Under normal and stable market conditions, Citi would thus expect the number of days where trading losses exceed its VAR to be less than two or three exceptions per year. Periods of unstable market conditions could increase the number of these exceptions. During the last four quarters, there have been no back-testing exceptions (back-testing is the process in which the daily one-day 99% confidence interval regulatory capital VAR is
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compared to the change in the market value of transactions included in that VAR calculation).
As set forth in the table below, Citi's total trading and credit portfolios VAR was $123 million, $99 million and $143 million at June 30, 2013, March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2012, respectively. Daily total trading and credit portfolio VAR averaged $120 million in the second quarter of 2013 and ranged between $104 million to $142 million. The increase in Citi's average total trading and credit portfolio VAR quarter-over-quarter was due to increased foreign exchange exposures within Citicorp FX and local markets. The decrease in Citi's average total trading and credit portfolio VAR year-over-year was due to both position moves as well as the fact that the relatively higher volatilities from 2009 and 2010 are no longer included in the three-year volatility time horizon used for VAR, as previously disclosed, as well as reduced risk in the credit portfolios.
Interest rate
Foreign exchange
Equity
Commodity
Diversification benefit(1)
Total trading VAR—all market risk factors, including general and specific risk (excluding credit portfolios)(2)
Specific risk-only component(3)
Total—general market factors only
Incremental impact of credit portfolios(4)
Total trading and credit portfolios VAR
The table below provides the range of market factor VARs for total trading VAR, inclusive of specific risk, across the following quarters:
The following table provides the VAR for S&B during the second quarter of 2013, excluding hedges to the loan portfolio, fair value option loans and DVA/CVA, net of hedges.
Total—all market risk factors, including general and specific risk
Average—during year
High—during quarter
Low—during quarter
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VAR Model Review and Validation
Generally, Citi's VAR review and model validation process entails reviewing the model framework, major assumptions, and implementation of the mathematical algorithm. In addition, as part of the model validation process, product specific back-testing on hypothetical portfolios are periodically completed and reviewed with Citi's U.S. banking regulators. Furthermore, back-testing is performed against the actual change in market value of transactions on a quarterly basis at multiple levels of the organization (trading desk level, ICGbusiness segment and Citigroup) and the results are also shared with the U.S. banking regulators.
Significant VAR model and assumption changes must be independently validated within Citi's risk management organization. This validation process includes a review by Citi's model validation group and further approval from its model validation review committee, which is composed of senior quantitative risk management officers. In the event of significant model changes, parallel model runs are undertaken prior to implementation. In addition, significant model and assumption changes are subject to the periodic reviews and approval by Citi's U.S. banking regulators.
Citi uses the same independently validated VAR model for both regulatory capital and external market risk disclosure purposes and, as such, the model review and oversight process for both purposes is as described above. While the scope of positions included in the VAR model calculations for regulatory capital purposes differs from the scope of positions for external market risk disclosure purposes, these differences are due to the fact that certain positions included for external market risk purposes are not eligible for market risk treatment under the U.S. regulatory capital rules (Basel II.5) (e.g., the interest rate sensitivity of repos and reverse repos and the credit and market sensitivities of the derivatives CVA are included for external market risk disclosure purposes, but are not included for regulatory capital purposes). The applicability of the VAR model for positions eligible for market risk treatment under U.S. regulatory capital rules is periodically reviewed and approved by Citi's U.S. banking regulators.
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INTEREST REVENUE/EXPENSE YIELDS
Interest revenue(1)
Interest expense
Net interest revenue(1)(2)(3)
Interest revenue—average rate
Interest expense—average rate
Net interest margin
Interest-rate benchmarks
Two-year U.S. Treasury note—average rate
10-year U.S. Treasury note—average rate
10-year vs. two-year spread
A significant portion of Citi's business activities are based upon gathering deposits and borrowing money, then lending or investing those funds, or participating in market-making activities in tradable securities. Citi's net interest margin (NIM) is calculated by dividing gross interest revenue less gross interest expense by average interest earning assets.
As shown in the table above, Citi's NIM decreased by 3 basis points to 285 basis points on a sequential basis. The decline quarter-over-quarter was driven by continued pressure on loan and investment yields, partially offset by an improvement in deposit and long-term debt costs. Absent any significant changes or events, Citi continues to believe that on a full-year 2013 basis, it should be able to maintain its NIM slightly above the 282 basis points achieved in 2012, although with some quarterly fluctuations.
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AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—ASSETS(1)(2)(3)(4)
Taxable Equivalent Basis
Deposits with banks(5)
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell(6)
In offices outside the U.S.(5)
Trading account assets(7)(8)
Taxable
Exempt from U.S. income tax
Loans (net of unearned income)(9)
Other interest-earning assets
Total interest-earning assets
Non-interest-earning assets(7)
Total assets from discontinued operations
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AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—LIABILITIES AND EQUITY, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)(4)
In U.S. offices(5)
In offices outside the U.S.(6)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase(7)
Trading account liabilities(8)(9)
Long-term debt(10)
Total interest-bearing liabilities
Demand deposits in U.S. offices
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities(8)
Total liabilities from discontinued operations
Citigroup stockholders' equity(11)
Noncontrolling interest
Total equity(11)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
Net interest revenue as a percentage of average interest-earning assets(12)
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ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)
Deposits with banks(4)
In offices outside the U.S.(4)
Trading account assets(5)
Investments(1)
Loans (net of unearned income)(6)
Total interest revenue
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ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST EXPENSE AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)
Trading account liabilities(5)
Total interest expense
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ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST REVENUE, INTEREST EXPENSE, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)
Deposits at interest with banks(4)
Deposits(7)
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COUNTRY AND CROSS-BORDER RISK
Country risk is the risk that an event in a country (precipitated by developments within or external to a country) could directly or indirectly impair the value of Citi's franchise or adversely affect the ability of obligors within that country to honor their obligations to Citi, any of which could negatively impact Citi's results of operations or financial condition. Country risk events could include sovereign volatility or defaults, banking failures or defaults, redenomination events (which could be accompanied by a revaluation (either devaluation or appreciation) of the affected currency), currency crises, foreign exchange and/or capital controls and/or political events and instability. Country risk events could result in mandatory loan loss and other reserve requirements imposed by U.S. regulators due to a particular country's economic situation. For additional information, including Citi's country risk management processes, see "Managing Global Risk—Risk Management—Overview" and "—Country Risk—Overview," as well as "Risk Factors—Market and Economic Risks" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
While Citi continues to work to mitigate its exposures to potential country risk events, the impact of any such event is highly uncertain and will be based on the specific facts and circumstances. As a result, there can be no assurance that the various steps Citi has taken to protect its businesses, results of operations and financial condition against these events will be sufficient. In addition, there could be negative impacts to Citi's businesses, results of operations or financial condition that are currently unknown to Citi and thus cannot be mitigated as part of its ongoing contingency planning.
Several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain (GIIPS) and France, have been the subject of credit deterioration due to weaknesses in their economic and fiscal situations. Moreover, the ongoing Eurozone debt and economic crisis and other developments in the European Monetary Union (EMU) could lead to the withdrawal of one or more countries from the EMU or a partial or complete break-up of the EMU. Given investor interest in this area, the narrative and tables below set forth certain information regarding Citi's country risk exposures on these topics.
Credit Risk
Generally, credit risk measures Citi's net exposure to a credit or market risk event. Citi's credit risk reporting is based on Citi's internal risk management measures and systems. The country designation in Citi's internal risk management systems is based on the country to which the client relationship, taken as a whole, is most directly exposed to economic, financial, sociopolitical or legal risks. As a result, Citi's reported credit risk exposures in a particular country may include exposures to subsidiaries within the client relationship that are actually domiciled outside of the country (e.g., Citi's Greece credit risk exposures may include loans, derivatives and other exposures to a U.K. subsidiary of a Greece-based corporation).
Citi believes that the risk of loss associated with the exposures set forth below, which are based on Citi's internal risk management measures and systems, is likely materially lower than the exposure amounts disclosed below and is sized appropriately relative to its franchise in these countries. In addition, the sovereign entities of the countries disclosed below, as well as the financial institutions and corporations domiciled in these countries, are important clients in the global Citi franchise. Citi fully expects to maintain its presence in these markets to service all of its global customers. As such, Citi's credit risk exposure in these countries may vary over time based on its franchise, client needs and transaction structures.
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Sovereign, Financial Institution and Corporate Exposures
Funded loans, before reserves(2)
Derivative counterparty mark-to-market, inclusive of CVA(3)
Gross funded credit exposure
Less: margin and collateral(4)
Less: purchased credit protection(5)
Net current funded credit exposure
Net trading exposure
AFS exposure
Net trading and AFS exposure
Net current funded exposure
Additional collateral received, not reducing amounts above
Net current funded credit exposure detail
Sovereigns
Financial institutions
Corporations
Net unfunded commitments(6)
Corporations, net
Total net unfunded commitments
Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. The exposures in the table above do not include retail, small business and Citi Private Bank exposures in the GIIPS. See "GIIPS—Retail, Small Business and Citi Private Bank" below. Citi has exposures to obligors located within the GIIPS that are not included in the table above because Citi's internal risk management systems determine that the client relationship, taken as a whole, is not in the GIIPS (e.g., a funded loan to a Greece subsidiary of a Switzerland-based corporation). However, the total amount of such exposures was less than $1.8 billion of funded loans and $1.7 billion of unfunded commitments across the GIIPS as of June 30, 2013.
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GIIPS
As noted in the table above, Citi's gross funded credit exposure to sovereign entities, financial institutions and multinational and local corporations designated in the GIIPS under Citi's risk management systems was $19.4 billion at June 30, 2013, composed of $7.5 billion in gross funded loans, before reserves, and $11.9 billion in derivative counterparty mark-to-market exposure, inclusive of CVA. Further, as of June 30, 2013, Citi's net current funded exposure to sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations designated in the GIIPS under Citi's risk management systems was $8.8 billion. The increase from March 31, 2013 primarily reflected an increase in net trading and AFS exposure, as discussed below.
Net Trading and AFS Exposure—$2.8 billion
Included in the net current funded exposure at June 30, 2013 was a net position of $2.8 billion in securities and derivatives with GIIPS sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations as the issuer or reference entity. These securities and derivatives are marked to market daily. Citi's trading exposure levels vary as it maintains inventory consistent with customer needs.
Included within the net position of $2.8 billion as of June 30, 2013 was a net position of $(0.87) billion of indexed and tranched credit derivatives (compared to a net position of $(0.01) billion at March 31, 2013).
Net Current Funded Credit Exposure—$6.0 billion
As of June 30, 2013, Citi's net current funded credit exposure to GIIPS sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations was $6.0 billion, the majority of which was to corporations designated in the GIIPS.
Consistent with its internal risk management measures and as set forth in the table above, Citi's gross funded credit exposure as of June 30, 2013 has been reduced by $4.2 billion of margin and collateral posted under legally enforceable margin agreements. As of June 30, 2013, the majority of Citi's margin and collateral netted against its gross funded credit exposure to the GIIPS was in the form of cash, with the remainder in predominantly non-GIIPS securities, which are included at fair value.
Gross funded credit exposure as of June 30, 2013 has also been reduced by $9.2 billion in purchased credit protection, predominantly from financial institutions outside of the GIIPS and France (see "Credit Default Swaps" below). Included within the $9.2 billion of purchased credit protection as of June 30, 2013 was $0.4 billion of indexed and tranched credit derivatives (compared to $0.5 billion as of March 31, 2013) executed to hedge Citi's exposure on funded loans and CVA on derivatives, a significant portion of which is reflected in Italy and Spain.
Purchased credit protection generally pays out only upon the occurrence of certain credit events with respect to the country or borrower covered by the protection, as determined by a committee composed of dealers and other market participants. In addition to general counterparty credit risks, the credit protection may not fully cover all situations that may adversely affect the value of Citi's exposure and, accordingly, Citi could still experience losses despite the existence of the credit protection.
As of June 30, 2013, Citi also held $1.4 billion of collateral that has not been netted against its gross funded credit exposure to the GIIPS. Collateral received but not netted against Citi's gross funded credit exposure in the GIIPS may take a variety of forms, including securities, receivables and physical assets, and is held under a variety of collateral arrangements.
Net Unfunded Commitments—$7.1 billion
As of June 30, 2013, Citi had $7.1 billion of net unfunded commitments to GIIPS sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations, with $6.7 billion of this amount to corporations. As of June 30, 2013, net unfunded commitments in the GIIPS included approximately $5.0 billion of unfunded loan commitments that generally have standard conditions that must be met before they can be drawn, and $2.1 billion of letters of credit (compared to $4.9 billion and $2.0 billion at March 31, 2013).
Other Activities
In addition to the exposures described above, like other banks, Citi also provides settlement and clearing facilities for a variety of clients in these countries and actively monitors and manages these intra-day exposures.
Retail, Small Business and Citi Private Bank
As of June 30, 2013, Citi had approximately $5.0 billion of mostly locally funded accrual loans to retail, small business and Citi Private Bank customers in the GIIPS, the vast majority of which was in Citi Holdings. This compared to $5.4 billion as of March 31, 2013. Of the $5.0 billion, approximately (i) $3.3 billion consisted of retail and small business exposures in Spain ($2.7 billion) and Greece ($0.6 billion), (ii) $1.2 billion related to held-to-maturity securitized retail assets (primarily mortgage-backed securities in Spain), and (iii) $0.4 billion related to Private Bank customers, substantially all in Spain. This compared to approximately (i) $3.4 billion of retail and small business exposures in Spain ($2.7 billion) and Greece ($0.8 billion), (ii) $1.6 billion related to held-to-maturity securitized retail assets, and (iii) $0.4 billion related to Private Bank customers as of March 31, 2013.
In addition, Citi had approximately $4.0 billion of unfunded commitments to GIIPS retail customers as of June 30, 2013, unchanged from March 31, 2013. Citi's unfunded commitments to GIIPS retail customers, in the form of unused credit card lines, are generally cancellable upon the occurrence of significant credit events, including redenomination events.
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France
Funded loans, before reserves(1)
Derivative counterparty mark-to-market, inclusive of CVA(2)
Less: margin and collateral(3)
Less: purchased credit protection(4)
Net unfunded commitments(5)
Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. The exposures in the table above do not include retail, small business and Citi Private Bank exposure in France, which was not material as of June 30 and March 31, 2013. Citi has exposures to obligors located within France that are not included in the table above because Citi's internal risk management systems determine that the client relationship, taken as a whole, is not in France (e.g., a funded loan to a French subsidiary of a Switzerland-based corporation). However, the total amount of such exposures was less than $0.5 billion of funded loans and $0.2 billion of unfunded commitments as of June 30, 2013.
Citi's gross funded credit exposure to the sovereign entity of France, as well as financial institutions and multinational and local corporations designated in France under Citi's risk management systems, was $11.6 billion at June 30, 2013, composed of $6.2 billion in gross funded loans, before reserves, and $5.4 billion in derivative counterparty mark-to-market exposure, inclusive of CVA. Further, as of June 30, 2013, Citi's net current funded exposure to the French sovereign and financial institutions and corporations designated in France under Citi's risk management systems was $5.5 billion. The decrease from March 31, 2013 primarily reflected a decrease in net trading and AFS exposure, as discussed below.
Net Trading and AFS Exposure—$0.2 billion
Included in the net current funded exposure at June 30, 2013 was a net position of $0.2 billion in securities and derivatives with the French sovereign, financial institutions and corporations as the issuer or reference entity. These securities and derivatives are marked to market daily. Citi's trading exposure levels vary as it maintains inventory consistent with customer needs.
Included within the net position of $0.2 billion as of June 30, 2013 was a net position of $(0.2) billion of indexed and tranched credit derivatives (compared to a net position of $1.3 billion at March 31, 2013).
Net Current Funded Credit Exposure—$5.3 billion
As of June 30, 2013, the net current funded credit exposure to the French sovereign, financial institutions and corporations was $5.3 billion. Of this amount, $0.6 billion was to the sovereign entity, $2.4 billion was to financial institutions and $2.3 billion was to corporations.
Consistent with its internal risk management measures and as set forth in the table above, Citi's gross funded credit exposure has been reduced by $4.1 billion of margin and collateral posted under legally enforceable margin agreements. As of June 30, 2013, the majority of Citi's margin and collateral netted against its gross funded credit exposure to France was in the form of cash, with the remainder in predominantly non-French securities, which are included at fair value.
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Gross funded credit exposure as of June 30, 2013 has also been reduced by $2.2 billion in purchased credit protection, predominantly from financial institutions outside of the GIIPS and France (see "Credit Default Swaps" below). Included within the $2.2 billion of purchased credit protection as of June 30, 2013 was $0.9 billion of indexed and tranched credit derivatives executed to hedge Citi's exposure on funded loans and CVA on derivatives (compared to $0.6 billion at March 31, 2013).
As of June 30, 2013, Citi also held $3.1 billion of collateral that has not been netted against its gross funded credit exposure to France. As described above, this collateral can take a variety of forms and is held under a variety of collateral arrangements.
Net Unfunded Commitments—$13.2 billion
As of June 30, 2013, Citi had $13.2 billion of net unfunded commitments to the French sovereign, financial institutions and corporations, with $10.3 billion of this amount to corporations. As of June 30, 2013, net unfunded commitments in France included $10.4 billion of unfunded loan commitments that generally have standard conditions that must be met before they can be drawn, and $2.8 billion of letters of credit (compared to $10.2 billion and $3.0 billion at March 31, 2013).
In addition to the exposures described above, like other banks, Citi also provides settlement and clearing facilities for a variety of clients in France and actively monitors and manages these intra-day exposures.
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Credit Default Swaps—GIIPS and France
Citi buys and sells credit protection, through credit default swaps (CDS), on underlying GIIPS and French entities as part of its market-making activities for clients in its trading portfolios. Citi also purchases credit protection, through CDS, to hedge its own credit exposure to these underlying entities that arises from loans to these entities or derivative transactions with these entities.
Citi buys and sells CDS as part of its market-making activity, and purchases CDS for credit protection, primarily with investment grade, global financial institutions predominantly outside the GIIPS and France. The counterparty credit exposure that can arise from the purchase or sale of CDS, including any GIIPS or French counterparties, is managed and mitigated through legally enforceable netting and margining agreements with a given counterparty. Thus, the credit exposure to that counterparty is measured and managed in aggregate across all products covered by a given netting or margining agreement.
The notional amount of credit protection purchased or sold on GIIPS and French underlying single reference entities as of June 30, 2013 is set forth in the table below. The net notional contract amounts, less mark-to-market adjustments, are included in "Net current funded exposure" in the tables under "Sovereign, Financial Institution and Corporate Exposures" above, and appear in either "Net trading exposure" when part of a trading strategy or in "Purchased credit protection" when purchased as a hedge against a credit exposure.
Notional CDS contracts on underlying reference entities
Net purchased(1)
Net sold(1)
Sovereign underlying reference entity
Financial institution underlying reference entity
Corporate underlying reference entity
When Citi purchases CDS as a hedge against a credit exposure, it generally seeks to purchase products from counterparties that would not be correlated with the underlying credit exposure it is hedging. In addition, Citi generally seeks to purchase products with a maturity date similar to the exposure against which the protection is purchased. While certain exposures may have longer maturities that extend beyond the CDS tenors readily available in the market, Citi generally will purchase credit protection with a maximum tenor that is readily available in the market.
The above table contains all net CDS purchased or sold on GIIPS and French underlying single reference entities, whether part of a trading strategy or as purchased credit protection. With respect to the $15.3 billion net purchased CDS contracts on underlying GIIPS reference entities at June 30, 2013 (compared to $15.4 billion at March 31, 2013), approximately 92% was purchased from non-GIIPS counterparties and 83% was purchased from investment grade counterparties. With respect to the $7.9 billion net purchased CDS contracts on underlying French reference entities (compared to $7.7 billion at March 31, 2013), approximately 96% was purchased from non-French counterparties and 94% was purchased from investment grade counterparties.
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Secured Financing Transactions—GIIPS and France
As part of its banking activities with its clients, Citi enters into secured financing transactions, such as repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions typically involve the lending of cash, against which securities are taken as collateral. The amount of cash loaned against the securities collateral is a function of the liquidity and quality of the collateral as well as the credit quality of the counterparty. The collateral is typically marked to market daily, and Citi has the ability to call for additional collateral (usually in the form of cash) if the value of the securities falls below a pre-defined threshold.
As shown in the table below, at June 30, 2013, Citi had loaned $12.7 billion in cash through secured financing transactions with GIIPS and French counterparties, usually through reverse repurchase agreements. This compared to $11.8 billion as of March 31, 2013. Against those loans, it held approximately $14.7 billion fair value of securities collateral (compared to $14.0 billion as of March 31, 2013). In addition, Citi held $0.7 billion in variation margin (unchanged from March 31, 2013), most of which was in cash, against all secured financing transactions.
Consistent with Citi's risk management systems, secured financing transactions are included in the counterparty derivative mark-to-market exposure at their net credit exposure value, which is typically small or zero given the over-collateralized structure of these transactions.
Lending to GIIPS and French counterparties through secured financing transactions
Collateral taken in against secured financing transactions is generally high quality, marketable securities, consisting of government debt, corporate debt, or asset-backed securities. The table below sets forth the fair value of the securities collateral taken in by Citi against secured financing transactions as of June 30, 2013.
Securities pledged by GIIPS and French counterparties in secured financing transaction lending(1)
Investment grade
Non-investment grade
Not rated
Secured financing transactions can be short term or can extend beyond one year. In most cases, Citi has the right to call for additional margin daily, and can terminate the transaction and liquidate the collateral if the counterparty fails to post the additional margin. The table below sets forth the remaining transaction tenor for these transactions as of June 30, 2013.
Cash extended to GIIPS and French counterparties in secured financing transactions lending(1)
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Redenomination and Devaluation Risk
As referenced above, the ongoing Eurozone debt crisis and other developments in the European Monetary Union (EMU) could lead to the withdrawal of one or more countries from the EMU or a partial or complete break-up of the EMU. See also "Risk Factors—Market and Economic Risks" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K. If one or more countries were to leave the EMU, certain obligations relating to the exiting country could be redenominated from the Euro to a new country currency. While alternative scenarios could develop, redenomination could be accompanied by immediate devaluation of the new currency as compared to the Euro and the U.S. dollar.
Citi, like other financial institutions with substantial operations in the EMU, is exposed to potential redenomination and devaluation risks arising from (i) Euro-denominated assets and/or liabilities located or held within the exiting country that are governed by local country law ("local exposures"), as well as (ii) other Euro-denominated assets and liabilities, such as loans, securitized products or derivatives, between entities outside of the exiting country and a client within the country that are governed by local country law ("offshore exposures"). However, the actual assets and liabilities that could be subject to redenomination and devaluation risk are subject to substantial legal and other uncertainty.
Citi has been, and will continue to be, engaged in contingency planning for such events, particularly with respect to Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. Generally, to the extent that Citi's local and offshore assets are approximately equal to its liabilities within the exiting country, and assuming both assets and liabilities are symmetrically redenominated and devalued, Citi believes that its risk of loss as a result of a redenomination and devaluation event would not be material. However, to the extent its local and offshore assets and liabilities are not equal, or there is asymmetrical redenomination of assets versus liabilities, Citi could be exposed to losses in the event of a redenomination and devaluation. Moreover, a number of events that could accompany a redenomination and devaluation, including a drawdown of unfunded commitments or "deposit flight," could exacerbate any mismatch of assets and liabilities within the exiting country.
Citi's redenomination and devaluation exposures to the GIIPS as of June 30, 2013 are not additive to its credit risk exposures to such countries as described under "Credit Risk" above. Rather, Citi's credit risk exposures in the affected country would generally be reduced to the extent of any redenomination and devaluation of assets.
As of June 30, 2013, Citi estimates that it had net asset exposure subject to redenomination and devaluation in Italy, principally relating to derivatives contracts. Citi also estimates that, as of such date, it had net asset exposure subject to redenomination and devaluation in Spain, principally related to offshore exposures related to held-to-maturity securitized retail assets (primarily mortgage-backed securities) (see "GIIPS—Retail, Small Business and Citi Private Bank" above). However, as of June 30, 2013, Citi's estimated redenomination and devaluation exposure to Italy was less than Citi's net current funded credit exposure to Italy (before purchased credit protection) as reflected under "Credit Risk" above. Further, as of June 30, 2013, Citi's estimated redenomination and devaluation exposure to Spain was less than Citi's net current funded credit exposure to Spain (before purchased credit protection), as reflected under "Credit Risk" above. As of June 30, 2013, Citi had a net liability position in each of Greece, Ireland and Portugal.
As referenced above, Citi's estimated redenomination and devaluation exposure does not include purchased credit protection. As described under "Credit Risk" above, Citi has purchased credit protection primarily from investment grade, global financial institutions predominantly outside of the GIIPS and France. To the extent the purchased credit protection is available in a redenomination/devaluation event, any redenomination/devaluation exposure could be reduced.
Any estimates of redenomination/devaluation exposure are subject to ongoing review and necessarily involve numerous assumptions, including which assets and liabilities would be subject to redenomination in any given case, the availability of purchased credit protection and the extent of any utilization of unfunded commitments, each as referenced above. In addition, other events outside of Citi's control—such as the extent of any deposit flight and devaluation, the imposition of exchange and/or capital controls, the requirement by U.S. regulators of mandatory loan loss and other reserve requirements or any required timing of functional currency changes and the accounting impact thereof—could further negatively impact Citi in such an event. Accordingly, in an actual redenomination and devaluation scenario, Citi's exposures could vary considerably based on the specific facts and circumstances.
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CROSS-BORDER RISK
Cross-border risk is the risk that actions taken by a non-U.S. government may prevent the conversion of local currency into non-local currency/U.S. dollars and/or the transfer of funds outside the country, among other risks, thereby impacting the ability of Citigroup and its customers to transact business across borders. Examples of cross-border risk include actions taken by foreign governments such as exchange controls and restrictions on the remittance of funds. These actions might restrict the transfer of funds or the ability of Citigroup to obtain payment from customers on their contractual obligations, and could expose Citi to risk of loss in the event that the local currency devalued as compared to the U.S. dollar. For additional information, including Citi's cross-border risk management process, see "Managing Global Risk—Risk Management—Overview" and—Cross-Border Risk—Overview," as well as "Risk Factors—Market and Economic Risks" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Argentina and Venezuela Developments
As previously disclosed, Argentina and Venezuela are two countries in which Citi operates with strict foreign exchange controls. For additional information, see "Managing Global Risk—Cross-Border Risk—Argentina and Venezuela Developments" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Argentina
As of June 30, 2013, Citi's net investment in its Argentine operations was approximately $770 million, compared to $740 million at each of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. As previously disclosed, Citi uses the Argentine peso as the functional currency in Argentina and translates its financial statements into U.S. dollars using the official exchange rate as published by the Central Bank of Argentina. During the second quarter of 2013, devaluation of the Argentine peso continued, with an official exchange rate of 5.39 Argentine pesos to one U.S. dollar at June 30, 2013, compared to 5.12 and 4.90 Argentine pesos to one U.S. dollar at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
At June 30, 2013, Citi had cumulative translation losses related to its investment in Argentina, net of qualifying net investment hedges, of approximately $1.12 billion (pretax) (compared to $1.08 billion and $1.04 billion (pretax) as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively), which were recorded in stockholders' equity. The cumulative translation losses would not be reclassified into earnings unless realized upon sale or liquidation of Citi's Argentine operations.
At June 30, 2013, Citi hedged approximately $220 million of its net investment in Argentina (compared with $180 million and $200 million as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively) using foreign currency forwards that are recorded as net investment hedges under ASC 815. In addition, as of June 30, 2013, Citi hedged foreign currency risk associated with its net investment by holding in its Argentine operations both U.S.-dollar-denominated net monetary assets of approximately $390 million (compared to $330 million and $280 million as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively) and foreign currency futures with a notional value of approximately $180 million (compared to $160 million and $170 million as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively), neither of which qualify as net investment hedges under ASC 815.
Venezuela
Citi uses the official exchange rate, as fixed by the Foreign Currency Administration Commission (CADIVI) of Venezuela, to re-measure foreign currency transactions in the financial statements of its Venezuelan operations, which use the U.S. dollar as the functional currency, into U.S. dollars. Citi uses the official exchange rate as it is the only rate legally available in the country, despite the limited availability of U.S. dollars from CADIVI and although the official rate may not necessarily be reflective of economic reality. Re-measurement of Citi's bolivar-denominated assets and liabilities due to change in the official exchange rate is recorded in earnings.
As of June 30, 2013, Citi's net investment in Venezuela was approximately $220 million (compared to $210 million and $300 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively), which included net monetary assets denominated in Venezuelan bolivars of approximately $200 million (unchanged from March 31, 2013 and compared to $290 million at December 31, 2012).
Egypt
There has been ongoing political transition and civil unrest in Egypt, contributing to significant economic uncertainty and volatility. Citi operates in Egypt through a branch of Citibank N.A., and uses the Egyptian pound as the functional currency to translate its financial statements into U.S. dollars using quoted exchange rates. As of June 30, 2013, Citi's net investment in Egypt was approximately $250 million, and Citi had cumulative translation losses related to its investment in Egypt, net of qualifying net investment hedges, of approximately $101 million (pretax). Substantially all of the net investment is hedged with forward foreign exchange derivatives. Total third-party assets of the Egypt Citibank, N.A. branch were approximately $1.6 billion, comprised primarily of cash on deposit with the Central Bank of Egypt, loans and short-term local government debt securities. A significant majority of these third party assets were funded with local deposit liabilities. Citi continues to closely monitor the political and economic situation in Egypt, and will continue to take actions to mitigate its exposures to potential risk events.
100
The following discussion relates to the derivative obligor information and the fair valuation for derivatives and structured debt. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Citi's derivative activities.
Fair Valuation Adjustments for Derivatives
The fair value adjustments applied by Citigroup to its derivative carrying values consist of the following items:
Citi's CVA methodology is composed of two steps. First, the exposure profile for each counterparty is determined using the terms of all individual derivative positions and a Monte Carlo simulation or other quantitative analysis to generate a series of expected cash flows at future points in time. The calculation of this exposure profile considers the effect of credit risk mitigants, including pledged cash or other collateral and any legal right of offset that exists with a counterparty through arrangements such as netting agreements. Individual derivative contracts that are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement with a counterparty are aggregated for this purpose, since it is those aggregate net cash flows that are subject to nonperformance risk. This process identifies specific, point-in-time future cash flows that are subject to nonperformance risk, rather than using the current recognized net asset or liability as a basis to measure the CVA.
Second, market-based views of default probabilities derived from observed credit spreads in the credit default swap (CDS) market are applied to the expected future cash flows determined in step one. Citi's own-credit CVA is determined using Citi-specific CDS spreads for the relevant tenor. Generally, counterparty CVA is determined using CDS spread indices for each credit rating and tenor. For certain identified netting sets where individual analysis is practicable (e.g., exposures to counterparties with liquid CDS), counterparty-specific CDS spreads are used.
The CVA adjustment is designed to incorporate a market view of the credit risk inherent in the derivative portfolio. However, most derivative instruments are negotiated bilateral contracts and are not commonly transferred to third parties. Derivative instruments are normally settled contractually or, if terminated early, are terminated at a value negotiated bilaterally between the counterparties. Therefore, the CVA (both counterparty and own-credit) may not be realized upon a settlement or termination in the normal course of business. In addition, all or a portion of the CVA may be reversed or otherwise adjusted in future periods in the event of changes in the credit risk of Citi or its counterparties, or changes in the credit mitigants (collateral and netting agreements) associated with the derivative instruments.
The table below summarizes the CVA applied to the fair value of derivative instruments for the periods indicated:
Non-monoline counterparties
Citigroup (own)
Total CVA—derivative instruments
Own Debt Valuation Adjustments for Structured Debt
Own debt valuation adjustments (DVA) are recognized on Citi's debt liabilities for which the fair value option (FVO) has been elected using Citi's credit spreads observed in the bond market. Accordingly, the fair value of debt liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected (other than non-recourse and similar liabilities) is impacted by the narrowing or widening of Citi's credit spreads. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in Citi's instrument-specific credit risk are estimated by incorporating Citi's current credit spreads observable in the bond market into the relevant valuation technique used to value each liability.
The table below summarizes pretax gains (losses) related to changes in CVA on derivative instruments, net of hedges, and DVA on own FVO debt for the periods indicated:
Derivative counterparty CVA
Derivative own-credit CVA
DVA related to own FVO debt
Total CVA and DVA
The CVA and DVA amounts shown in the table above do not include losses, related to counterparty credit risk, on non-derivative instruments, such as bonds and loans.
101
Citigroup makes markets in and trades a range of credit derivatives on behalf of clients and in connection with its risk management activities. Through these contracts, Citi either purchases or writes protection on either a single-name or portfolio basis. Citi primarily uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in its corporate loan portfolio and other cash positions, and to facilitate client transactions.
Credit derivatives generally require that the seller of credit protection make payments to the buyer upon the occurrence of predefined events (settlement triggers). These settlement triggers, which are defined by the form of the derivative and the referenced credit, are generally limited to the market standard of failure to pay indebtedness and bankruptcy (or comparable events) of the reference credit and, in a more limited range of transactions, debt restructuring.
Credit derivative transactions referring to emerging market reference credits will also typically include additional settlement triggers to cover the acceleration of indebtedness and the risk of repudiation or a payment moratorium. In certain transactions on a portfolio of referenced credits or asset-backed securities, the seller of protection may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of losses has occurred with respect to the portfolio and/or may only be required to pay for losses up to a specified amount.
The fair values shown below are prior to the application of any netting agreements, cash collateral, and market or credit valuation adjustments.
Citi actively participates in trading a variety of credit derivatives products as both an active two-way market-maker for clients and to manage credit risk. The majority of this activity was transacted with other financial intermediaries, including both banks and broker-dealers. Citi generally has a mismatch between the total notional amounts of protection purchased and sold and it may hold the reference assets directly, rather than entering into offsetting credit derivative contracts as and when desired. The open risk exposures from credit derivative contracts are largely matched after certain cash positions in reference assets are considered and after notional amounts are adjusted, either to a duration-based equivalent basis or to reflect the level of subordination in tranched structures.
Citi actively monitors its counterparty credit risk in credit derivative contracts. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, approximately 96% of the gross receivables are from counterparties with which Citi maintains collateral agreements. A majority of Citi's top 15 counterparties (by receivable balance owed to Citi) are banks, financial institutions or other dealers. Contracts with these counterparties do not include ratings-based termination events. However, counterparty ratings downgrades may have an incremental effect by lowering the threshold at which Citi may call for additional collateral.
The ratings of the credit derivatives portfolio presented in the following table are based on the assigned internal or external ratings of the referenced asset or entity. Where external ratings are used, investment-grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB and above, while anything below is considered non-investment grade. Citi's internal ratings are in line with the related external rating system. On certain underlying referenced credits or entities, ratings are not available. Such referenced credits are included in the "not rated" category and are primarily related to credit default swaps and other derivatives referencing investment grade and high yield credit index products and customized baskets.
102
The following tables summarize the key characteristics of Citi's credit derivatives portfolio by counterparty and derivative form as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
June 30, 2013
By industry/counterparty
Broker-dealer
Monoline
Non-financial
Insurance and other financial institutions
Total by industry/counterparty
By instrument
Credit default swaps and options
Total return swaps and other
Total by instrument
By rating
Total by rating
By maturity
Within 1 year
From 1 to 5 years
After 5 years
Total by maturity
December 31, 2012
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Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred tax assets (DTAs) are recorded for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns, based upon enacted tax laws and rates. DTAs are recognized subject to management's judgment that realization is more likely than not. For additional information, see "Risk Factors" and "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates—Income Taxes" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At June 30, 2013, Citigroup had recorded net DTAs of approximately $54.0 billion, a decrease of $0.6 billion from March 31, 2013 and $1.3 billion from December 31, 2012. The sequential decrease in DTAs was driven primarily by the generation of U.S. taxable earnings, including a continued decline in losses within Citi Holdings, partially offset by the tax effect of net losses in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the second quarter of 2013.
Although realization is not assured, Citi believes that the realization of its recognized net DTAs at June 30, 2013 is more-likely-than-not based on (i) expectations as to future taxable income in the jurisdictions in which the DTAs arise, and (ii) available tax planning strategies (as defined in ASC 740, Income Taxes) that would be implemented, if necessary, to prevent a carry-forward from expiring. Realization of the DTAs will continue to be driven by Citi's ability to generate U.S. taxable earnings in the carry-forward period, including through actions that optimize Citi's U.S. taxable earnings. Citi does not expect a significant reduction in the balance of its DTAs during the remainder of 2013.
The following table summarizes Citi's net DTAs balance at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Jurisdiction/Component
Total U.S.
Total foreign
Effective Tax Rate
Citi's effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2013 was 33.7%. This included a tax expense of $53 million for the resolution of a tax issue in the current quarter. Citi expects its effective tax rate will remain higher than in prior years due to higher expected taxable earnings in North America as well as a higher tax rate on its international operations. As previously disclosed, the increased rate on Citi's earnings outside of North America is due to a change in Citi's assertion that earnings in certain entities would be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. (indefinite reinvestment assertions under ASC 740).
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
As disclosed in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Citi noted that it could resolve certain issues with IRS Appeals for the 2003-2005 and 2006-2008 cycles during 2013. The $53 million issue noted under "Effective Tax Rate" above was a second quarter of 2013 resolution. As of June 30, 2013, the remaining unrecognized tax benefits that may be resolved for these years are as much as $300 million plus gross interest of $73 million. The potential tax benefit to continuing operations could be anywhere in a range between $175 million and $300 million.
Regarding the audit of its German tax group for the years 2005-2008, as of June 30, 2013, the amount of potential tax benefit (including a pretax indemnification amount) is approximately $100 million, almost all of which would go to Discontinued operations.
As a result of the resolution of certain issues in Citi's current IRS audit, Citi's gross unrecognized tax benefits, which were $3.1 billion at December 31, 2012, were reduced by approximately $700 million in the second quarter of 2013, with no effect on either net income or the DTAs. Citi may resolve further issues in its IRS audit for the years 2009-2011 within the next 12 months. The gross unrecognized tax benefits are as much as $618 million. The potential tax benefit to continuing operations could be anywhere in a range between $0 and $250 million while the potential tax benefit to retained earnings could be anywhere in a range between $0 and $350 million.
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Citi's disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, including without limitation that information required to be disclosed by Citi in its SEC filings is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Citi's Disclosure Committee assists the CEO and CFO in their responsibilities to design, establish, maintain and evaluate the effectiveness of Citi's disclosure controls and procedures. The Disclosure Committee is responsible for, among other things, the oversight, maintenance and implementation of the disclosure controls and procedures, subject to the supervision and oversight of the CEO and CFO.
Citi's management, with the participation of its CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of Citigroup's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of June 30, 2013 and, based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that at that date Citigroup's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which added Section 13(r) to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Citi is required to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with individuals or entities that are subject to sanctions under U.S. law. Disclosure is generally required even where the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law.
Citi, through its wholly owned banking subsidiary, Citibank, N.A., has branch operations in Bahrain (Citibank Bahrain) and Venezuela (Citibank Venezuela). These branches participate in the local government-run clearing and settlement exchange networks in each country for transactions involving automated teller machines (ATM), point-of-sale (POS) debit card transactions and/or the clearing and settlement of domestic checks. In addition, as required by the local law and the applicable operating rules for these exchange networks, all network participants, including these Citibank branches, must process transactions in which funds are drawn from, or deposited into, client accounts of other network participants.
The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has been aware of the requirement for financial institutions operating within a particular country to participate in these local government-run clearing and exchange networks (including the participation of these Citi branches in such networks), despite the fact that certain banks that have been designated for sanctions by OFAC based on their ties to Iran and involvement in certain activities (OFAC Designated Banks) also participate in these networks. Citi has license applications pending with OFAC in connection with this activity.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citibank Bahrain processed approximately 1,921 domestic check and ATM transactions (or approximately 1.3% of all domestic check and ATM transactions for Citibank Bahrain during the second quarter of 2013) involving Future Bank, an OFAC Designated Bank. The domestic check transactions resulted in no revenues or net income to Citi. The ATM transactions resulted in approximately $8.00 in gross revenues and approximately $4.00 in net income to Citi.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citibank Venezuela processed a total of two domestic check transactions (which in aggregate, equaled approximately $2,200.00) involving Banco Internacional de Desarrollo, an OFAC Designated Bank. The transactions resulted in no revenues or net income to Citi.
In addition, Citibank's branch operation in the United Arab Emirates (Citibank UAE) is compelled by local law to participate in the local government-run Wage Protection System (WPS), an electronic salary-transfer platform that is operated by the Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE). All registered financial institutions are required by local law to participate in the WPS. Under the WPS, each local employer sends a secure file to its bank which in turn must process the file payments via the WPS to the various receiving banks where the employees hold their accounts. While transactions clear through the WPS at the CBUAE and Citibank UAE does not transact directly with the counterparty banks, certain OFAC Designated Banks are participants in the WPS and act as sending and/or receiving banks. Citi has discussed those banks' participation and the WPS requirements with OFAC, and has a license application pending with the agency.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citibank UAE processed one WPS payment that was destined to the account of one of its commercial customer's employees at an OFAC Designated Bank. The value of the transaction was approximately $1,500.00 and the gross revenue and net profit to Citi was approximately $7.00 and $4.00, respectively.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citi branches in Milan and London processed five funds transfer transactions originated by Citi's client, the United Nations World Food Program (WFP), in the aggregate amount of Euros 3,245,000 (approximately $4,221,630) for WFP's humanitarian aid programs in North Korea. The payments were processed through an intermediary bank for the WFP's account with a bank in North Korea that had been designated by OFAC on March 11, 2013 as subject to sanctions under the Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction sanctions program. The transactions resulted in approximately Euro 30 (approximately $39.00) in gross revenue and Euro 12 (approximately $7.80) in net income to Citi and Citi does not currently anticipate processing any further payments to this account.
105
Certain statements in this Form 10-Q, including but not limited to statements included within the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the rules and regulations of the SEC. In addition, Citigroup also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the SEC, and its management may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others.
Generally, forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but instead represent Citigroup's and its management's beliefs regarding future events. Such statements may be identified by words such as believe, expect, anticipate, intend, estimate, may increase, may fluctuate, and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as will, should, would and could.
Such statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Actual results and capital and other financial condition may differ materially from those included in these statements due to a variety of factors, including without limitation the precautionary statements included in this Form 10-Q, the factors listed and described under "Risk Factors" in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the factors and uncertainties summarized below:
106
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of Citigroup speak only as to the date they are made, and Citi does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made.
107
Consolidated Statement of Income (Unaudited)—For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)—For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Balance Sheet—June 30, 2013 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2012
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)—For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)—For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
Note 1—Basis of Presentation
Note 2—Discontinued Operations
Note 3—Business Segments
Note 4—Interest Revenue and Expense
Note 5—Commissions and Fees
Note 6—Principal Transactions
Note 7—Incentive Plans
Note 8—Retirement Benefits
Note 9—Earnings per Share
Note 10—Federal Funds/Securities Borrowed, Loaned and Subject to Repurchase Agreements
Note 11—Trading Account Assets and Liabilities
Note 12—Investments
Note 13—Loans
Note 14—Allowance for Credit Losses
Note 15—Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Note 16—Debt
Note 17—Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Note 18—Preferred Stock
Note 19—Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities
Note 20—Derivatives Activities
Note 21—Fair Value Measurement
Note 22—Fair Value Elections
Note 23—Guarantees and Commitments
Note 24—Contingencies
108
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME (Unaudited)
Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries
Revenues
Interest revenue
Realized gains on sales of investments, net
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments
Gross impairment losses(1)
Less: Impairments recognized in AOCI
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
Insurance premiums
Other revenue
Total non-interest revenues
Policyholder benefits and claims
Compensation and benefits
Premises and equipment
Technology/communication
Advertising and marketing
Other operating
Provision for income taxes
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
Gain (loss) on sale
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
Basic earnings per share(2)
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Diluted earnings per share(2)
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
109
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)
Citigroup's other comprehensive income (loss)
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, net of taxes
Net change in cash flow hedges, net of taxes
Pension liability adjustment, net of taxes(1)
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes and hedges
Citigroup's total other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes
Total other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
Total comprehensive income before attribution of noncontrolling interests
Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Citigroup's comprehensive income
110
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
Cash and due from banks (including segregated cash and other deposits)
Deposits with banks
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (including $164,166 and $160,589 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Brokerage receivables
Trading account assets (including $123,218 and $105,458 pledged to creditors at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively)
Investments (including $27,680 and $21,423 pledged to creditors at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and $283,098 and $294,463 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Loans, net of unearned income
Consumer (including $1,041 and $1,231 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Corporate (including $3,827 and $4,056 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Allowance for loan losses
Total loans, net
Intangible assets (other than MSRs)
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)
Other assets (including $10,521 and $13,299 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Assets of discontinued operations held for sale
The following table presents certain assets of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs), which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet above. The assets in the table below include only those assets that can be used to settle obligations of consolidated VIEs on the following page, and are in excess of those obligations. Additionally, the assets in the table below include third-party assets of consolidated VIEs only, and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.
Assets of consolidated VIEs that can only be used to settle obligations of consolidated VIEs
Cash and due from banks
Consumer (including $995 and $1,191 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Corporate (including $137 and $157 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Total assets of consolidated VIEs that can only be used to settle obligations of consolidated VIEs
Statement continues on the next page.
111
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Continued)
Non-interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices (including $895 and $889 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Non-interest-bearing deposits in offices outside the U.S.
Interest-bearing deposits in offices outside the U.S. (including $616 and $558 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (including $120,512 and $116,689 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Brokerage payables
Short-term borrowings (including $4,493 and $818 as June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Long-term debt (including $27,157 and $29,764 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Other liabilities (including $2,665 and $2,910 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Liabilities of discontinued operations held for sale
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock ($1.00 par value; authorized shares: 30 million), issued shares: 171,720 as of June 30, 2013 and 102,038 as of December 31, 2012, at aggregate liquidation value
Common stock ($0.01 par value; authorized shares: 6 billion), issued shares: 3,062,092,531 as of June 30, 2013 and 3,043,153,204 as of December 31, 2012
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Treasury stock, at cost: June 30, 2013—21,066,042 shares and December 31, 2012—14,269,301 shares
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
The following table presents certain liabilities of consolidated VIEs, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet above. The liabilities in the table below include third-party liabilities of consolidated VIEs only, and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. The liabilities also exclude amounts where creditors or beneficial interest holders have recourse to the general credit of Citigroup.
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs for which creditors or beneficial interest holders do not have recourse to the general credit of Citigroup
Long-term debt (including $1,114 and $1,330 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, at fair value)
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs for which creditors or beneficial interest holders do not have recourse to the general credit of Citigroup
112
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)
Preferred stock at aggregate liquidation value
Balance, beginning of year
Issuance of preferred stock
Redemption of preferred stock
Common stock and additional paid-in capital
Employee benefit plans
Adjustment to opening balance, net of taxes(1)
Adjusted balance, beginning of year
Common dividends(2)
Preferred dividends
Treasury stock, at cost
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee benefit plans
Treasury stock acquired(3)
Citigroup's accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Net change in Citigroup's Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Total Citigroup common stockholders' equity (shares outstanding: 3,041,026 as of June 30, 2013 and 3,028,884 as of December 31, 2012)
Initial origination of a noncontrolling interest
Transactions between noncontrolling-interest shareholders and the related consolidated subsidiary
Transactions between Citigroup and the noncontrolling-interest shareholders
Net income attributable to noncontrolling-interest shareholders
Dividends paid to noncontrolling-interest shareholders
Net change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Net change in noncontrolling interests
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
Gain (loss) on sale, net of taxes
Income from continuing operations—excluding noncontrolling interests
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations
Depreciation and amortization
Provision for credit losses
Realized gains from sales of investments
Change in trading account assets
Change in trading account liabilities
Change in federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
Change in federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
Change in brokerage receivables net of brokerage payables
Change in loans held-for-sale
Change in other assets
Change in other liabilities
Other, net
Total adjustments
Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations
Cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
Change in deposits with banks
Change in loans
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans
Purchases of investments
Proceeds from sales of investments
Proceeds from maturities of investments
Capital expenditures on premises and equipment and capitalized software
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment, subsidiaries and affiliates, and repossessed assets
Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations
Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
Dividends paid
Treasury stock acquired
Stock tendered for payment of withholding taxes
Issuance of long-term debt
Payments and redemptions of long-term debt
Change in deposits
Change in short-term borrowings
Net cash provided by financing activities of continuing operations
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Change in cash and due from banks
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period
Cash and due from banks at end of period
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information for continuing operations
Cash paid during the year for income taxes
Cash paid during the year for interest
Non-cash investing activities
Increase in corporate loans due to consolidation of a commercial paper conduit
Transfers to OREO and other repossessed assets
Non-cash financing activities
Increase in short-term borrowings due to consolidation of a commercial paper conduit
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1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2013 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 include the accounts of Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company, Citi or Citigroup). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Citigroup's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 (2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K) and Citigroup's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013.
Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), but is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted.
Management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related footnote disclosures. While management makes its best judgment, actual results could differ from those estimates. Current market conditions increase the risk and complexity of the judgments in these estimates.
Throughout these Notes, "Citigroup," "Citi" and the "Company" refer to Citigroup Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior-period's financial statements and notes to conform to the current period's presentation.
As noted above, the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited.
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Citigroup and its subsidiaries prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which it holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights or where it exercises control. Entities where the Company holds 20% to 50% of the voting rights and/or has the ability to exercise significant influence, other than investments of designated venture capital subsidiaries or investments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, are accounted for under the equity method, and the pro rata share of their income (loss) is included in Other revenue. Income from investments in less than 20%-owned companies is recognized when dividends are received. As discussed in more detail in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Citigroup consolidates entities deemed to be variable interest entities when Citigroup is determined to be the primary beneficiary. Gains and losses on the disposition of branches, subsidiaries, affiliates, buildings, and other investments are included in Other revenue.
Citibank, N.A. is a commercial bank and wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc. Citibank's principal offerings include: Consumer finance, mortgage lending, and retail banking products and services; investment banking, commercial banking, cash management, trade finance and e-commerce products and services; and private banking products and services.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company's accounting policies are fundamental to understanding management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition. The Company has identified six policies as being significant because they require management to make subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. These policies relate to Valuations of Financial Instruments, Allowance for Credit Losses, Securitizations, Goodwill, Income Taxes and Litigation Accruals. The Company, in consultation with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, has reviewed and approved these significant accounting policies, which are further described under "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates" and Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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ACCOUNTING CHANGES
Remeasurement of Significant Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
In the second quarter of 2013, the Company changed the method of accounting for its most significant pension and postretirement benefit plans (Significant Plans) such that plan obligations, plan assets and periodic plan expense will be remeasured and disclosed quarterly, instead of annually. The effect of remeasuring the Significant Plan obligations and assets by updating plan actuarial assumptions on a quarterly basis will also be reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and periodic plan expense. The Significant Plans capture approximately 80% of the Company's global pension and postretirement plan obligations at December 31, 2012. All other plans (All Other Plans) will continue to be remeasured annually. Quarterly measurement for the Significant Plans provides a more timely measurement of the funded status and periodic plan expense for the Company's significant pension and postretirement benefit plans.
The cumulative effect of this change in accounting policy was an approximate $20 million (pretax) decrease in net periodic plan expense in the second quarter of 2013, as well as a pretax increase of approximately $22 million to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of April 1, 2013. The change in accounting methodology had an immaterial impact on prior periods. For additional information, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which required new footnote disclosures of items reclassified from accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) to net income. The requirements became effective for the first quarter of 2013 and are included in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment
In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2012-02, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment. The ASU is intended to simplify the guidance for testing the decline in the realizable value (impairment) of indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill. Some examples of intangible assets subject to the guidance include indefinite-lived trademarks, licenses and distribution rights. The ASU allows companies to perform a qualitative assessment about the likelihood of impairment of an indefinite-lived intangible asset to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary, similar in approach to the goodwill impairment test. The ASU became effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012.
Offsetting
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The ASU requires new disclosures for derivatives, resale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions that are either offset in the balance sheet (presented on a net basis) or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar arrangement. The standard requires disclosures that provide incremental gross and net information in the current notes to the financial statements for the relevant assets and liabilities. The ASU did not change the existing offsetting eligibility criteria or the permitted balance sheet presentation for those instruments that meet the eligibility criteria. The new incremental disclosure requirements became effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2013 and are required to be presented retrospectively for prior periods. The incremental requirements can be found in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending transactions and Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for derivatives.
OCC Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Guidance
In the third quarter of 2012, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued guidance relating to the accounting for mortgage loans discharged through bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (Chapter 7 bankruptcy). Under this OCC guidance, the discharged loans are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). These TDRs, other than FHA-insured loans, are written down to their collateral value less cost to sell. FHA-insured loans are reserved for based on a discounted cash flow model. As a result of implementing this guidance, Citigroup recorded an incremental $635 million of charge-offs in the third quarter of 2012, the vast majority of which related to loans that were current. These charge-offs were substantially offset by a related loan loss reserve release of approximately $600 million, with a net reduction in pretax income of $35 million. In the fourth quarter of 2012, Citigroup recorded a benefit to charge-offs of approximately $40 million related to finalizing the impact of this OCC guidance. Furthermore, as a result of this OCC guidance, TDRs increased by $1.7 billion, and non-accrual loans increased by $1.5 billion in the third quarter of 2012 ($1.3 billion of which was current).
Presentation of Comprehensive Income
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. The ASU requires an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of OCI either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Citigroup selected the two-statement approach. Under this approach, Citi is required to present components of net income and total net income in the Statement of Income. The Statement of Comprehensive Income follows the Statement of Income and includes the components of OCI and a total for OCI, along with a total for comprehensive income. The ASU removed the option of reporting OCI in the statement of changes in stockholders' equity. This ASU became
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effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2012 and a Statement of Comprehensive Income is included in these Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value Measurement
In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The ASU created a common definition of fair value for U.S. GAAP and IFRS and aligned the measurement and disclosure requirements. It required significant additional disclosures both of a qualitative and quantitative nature, particularly for those instruments measured at fair value that are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, the ASU provided guidance on when it is appropriate to measure fair value on a portfolio basis and expanded the prohibition on valuation adjustments where the size of the Company's position is a characteristic of the adjustment from Level 1 to all levels of the fair value hierarchy.
The ASU became effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2012. As a result of implementing the prohibition on valuation adjustments where the size of the Company's position is a characteristic, the Company released reserves of approximately $125 million, increasing pretax income in the first quarter of 2012.
Deferred Asset Acquisition Costs
In October 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-26, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts. The ASU amended the guidance for insurance entities that required deferral and subsequent amortization of certain costs incurred during the acquisition of new or renewed insurance contracts, commonly referred to as deferred acquisition costs (DAC). The new guidance limited DAC to those costs directly related to the successful acquisition of insurance contracts; all other acquisition-related costs must be expensed as incurred. Under prior guidance, DAC consisted of those costs that vary with, and primarily relate to, the acquisition of insurance contracts.
The ASU became effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2012 and was adopted using the retrospective method. As a result of implementing the ASU, in the first quarter of 2012, DAC was reduced by approximately $165 million and a $58 million deferred tax asset was recorded with an offset to opening retained earnings of $107 million (net of tax).
FUTURE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Investment Companies
In June 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-08, Financial Services—Investment Companies (Topic 946): Amendments to the Scope, Measurement, and Disclosure Requirements. This ASU introduces a new approach for assessing whether an entity is an investment company. To determine whether an entity is an investment company for accounting purposes, Citi will now be required to evaluate the fundamental and typical characteristics of the entity including its purpose and design.
The amendments in the ASU will be effective for Citi in the first quarter of 2014. Earlier application is prohibited. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU.
OIS Benchmark Rate
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-10, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. This ASU permits the Fed funds effective swap rate (OIS) to be used as a U.S. benchmark interest rate, in addition to the U.S. Treasury rate and LIBOR, for hedge accounting purposes. The ASU also permits using different benchmark rates for similar hedges.
This ASU is effective immediately and may only be applied on a prospective basis for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after July 17, 2013. Citi is evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU.
Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). As a result of applying this ASU, an unrecognized tax benefit should be presented as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss (NOL) or other tax credit carryforward when settlement in this manner is available under the tax law. The assessment of whether settlement is available under the tax law would be based on facts and circumstances as of the balance sheet reporting date and would not consider future events (e.g., upcoming expiration of related NOL carryforwards). This classification should not affect an entity's analysis of the realization of its deferred tax assets. Gross presentation in the rollforward of unrecognized tax positions in the notes to the financial statements would still be required.
This ASU is effective for Citi in its 2014 fiscal year, and may be applied on a prospective basis to all unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date. Citi has the option to apply the ASU retrospectively. Early adoption is also permitted. The impact of adopting this ASU is not material to Citi.
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Accounting for Financial Instruments—Credit Losses
In December 2012, the FASB issued a proposed ASU, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. This proposed ASU, or exposure draft, was issued for public comment in order to allow stakeholders the opportunity to review the proposal and provide comments to the FASB, and does not constitute accounting guidance until a final ASU is issued.
The exposure draft contains proposed guidance developed by the FASB with the goal of improving financial reporting about expected credit losses on loans, securities and other financial assets held by banks, financial institutions, and other public and private organizations. The exposure draft proposes a new accounting model intended to require earlier recognition of credit losses, while also providing additional transparency about credit risk.
The FASB's proposed model would utilize a single "expected credit loss" measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired, replacing the multiple existing impairment models in U.S. GAAP which generally require that a loss be "incurred" before it is recognized.
The FASB's proposed model represents a significant departure from existing U.S. GAAP, and may result in material changes to the Company's accounting for financial instruments. The impact of the FASB's final ASU to the Company's financial statements will be assessed when it is issued. The exposure draft does not contain a proposed effective date; this would be included in the final ASU, when issued.
Other Potential Amendments to Current Accounting Standards
The FASB and IASB, either jointly or separately, are currently working on several major projects, including amendments to existing accounting standards governing financial instruments, leases and consolidation. As part of the joint financial instruments project, the FASB has issued a proposed ASU that would result in significant changes to the guidance for recognition and measurement of financial instruments, in addition to the proposed ASU that would change the accounting for credit losses on financial instruments discussed above.
The FASB is also working on a joint project that would require substantially all leases to be capitalized on the balance sheet. Additionally, the FASB has issued a proposal on principal-agent considerations that would change the way the Company needs to evaluate whether to consolidate VIEs and non-VIE partnerships.
The principal-agent consolidation proposal would require all VIEs, including those that are investment companies, to be evaluated for consolidation under the same requirements. All of these projects may have significant impacts for the Company. Upon completion of the standards, the Company will need to re-evaluate its accounting and disclosures. However, due to ongoing deliberations of the standard setters, the Company is currently unable to determine the effect of future amendments or proposals.
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2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Sale of Brazil Credicard business
On May 14, 2013, Citi entered into a definitive agreement to sell Credicard, its non-Citibank branded cards and consumer finance business in Brazil (Brazil Credicard), which is part of the Global Consumer Banking segment, for approximately $1.24 billion to Banco Itau Unibanco. The sale is expected to result in an after-tax gain of approximately $300 million upon closing (expected to occur by early 2014, subject to Brazilian regulatory approvals). Citi will retain its Citi-branded and Diners credit cards, along with certain affluent segments currently associated with Credicard, which will be re-branded as Citi.
Brazil Credicard is reported as discontinued operations for the current and all historical periods.
The following is a summary as of June 30, 2013 of the assets held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to Brazil Credicard:
Deposits at interest with banks
Loans (net allowance of $358)
Goodwill and intangible assets
Summarized financial information for Discontinued operations for the credit card operations related to Brazil Credicard follows:
Income from discontinued operations
Sale of Certain Citi Capital Advisors Business
During the third quarter of 2012, the Company executed definitive agreements to transition a carve-out of its liquid strategies business within Citi Capital Advisors (CCA), which is part of the Institutional Clients Group segment, to certain employees responsible for managing those operations. This transition will occur pursuant to two separate transactions, creating two separate management companies, with each such transaction accounted for as a sale. At the close of the first transaction in February 2013, Citigroup retained a 24.9% passive equity interest in the management company created as a result of the sale (which will continue to be held in Citi's Institutional Clients Group segment) and recorded a gain on sale of $56 million. The second transaction is expected to be completed in 2013.
This sale is reported as discontinued operations for the second half of 2012 and going forward. Prior periods were not reclassified due to the immateriality of the impact in those periods.
The following is a summary as of June 30, 2013 of the assets held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet or sold related to CCA:
Summarized financial information for Discontinued operations for the operations related to CCA follows:
Loss from discontinued operations
Gain on sale
Benefit for income taxes
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Sale of Egg Banking plc Credit Card Business
On March 1, 2011, the Company announced that Egg Banking plc (Egg), an indirect subsidiary that was part of Citi Holdings, entered into a definitive agreement to sell its credit card business to Barclays PLC. The sale closed on April 28, 2011.
This sale is reported as discontinued operations for 2011 and going forward; 2010 was not reclassified, due to the immateriality of the impact in that period. An after-tax gain on sale of $126 million was recognized upon closing. Egg operations had total assets and total liabilities of approximately $2.7 billion and $39 million, respectively, at the time of sale.
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Summarized financial information for Discontinued operations for the credit card operations related to Egg follows:
Loss on sale
Combined Results for Discontinued Operations
The following is summarized financial information for Brazil Credicard, CCA, Egg and previous discontinued operations, for which Citi continues to have minimal residual costs associated with the sales.
Provision for income taxes (benefits)
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3. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Citigroup is a diversified bank holding company whose businesses provide a broad range of financial services to Consumer and Corporate customers around the world. The Company's activities are conducted through the Global Consumer Banking (GCB), Institutional Clients Group (ICG), Corporate/Other and Citi Holdings business segments.
TheGCB segment includes a global, full-service Consumer franchise delivering a wide array of banking, credit card lending and investment services through a network of local branches, offices and electronic delivery systems and is composed of four Regional Consumer Banking businesses: North America, EMEA, Latin America and Asia.
The Company's ICG segment is composed of Securities and Banking and Transaction Services and provides corporate, institutional, public sector and high net-worth clients in approximately 100 countries with a broad range of banking and financial products and services.
Corporate/Other includes net treasury results, unallocated corporate expenses, offsets to certain line-item reclassifications (eliminations), the results of discontinued operations and unallocated taxes.
The Citi Holdings segment is composed of Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending and Special Asset Pool.
The accounting policies of these reportable segments are the same as those disclosed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The prior-period balances reflect reclassifications to conform the presentation in those periods to the current period's presentation. Reclassifications during the second quarter of 2013 related to the reporting of Citi's announced sale of its Brazil Credicard business as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Reclassifications during the first quarter of 2013 related to the re-allocation of certain administrative and funding costs among Citi's businesses.
The following table presents certain information regarding the Company's continuing operations by segment:
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4. INTEREST REVENUE AND EXPENSE
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, Interest revenue and Interest expense consisted of the following:
Loan interest, including fees
Investments, including dividends
Trading account assets(1)
Other interest
Deposits(2)
Trading account liabilities(1)
Net interest revenue after provision for loan losses
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5. COMMISSIONS AND FEES
The table below sets forth Citigroup's Commissions and fees revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The primary components of Commissions and fees revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 were credit card and bank card fees, investment banking fees and trading-related fees.
Credit card and bank card fees are primarily composed of interchange revenue and certain card fees, including annual fees, reduced by reward program costs and certain partner payments. Interchange revenue and fees are recognized when earned, except for annual card fees, which are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period. Reward costs are recognized when points are earned by the customers.
Investment banking fees are substantially composed of underwriting and advisory revenues. Investment banking fees are recognized when Citigroup's performance under the terms of the contractual arrangements is completed, which is typically at the closing of the transaction. Underwriting revenue is recorded in Commissions and fees, net of both reimbursable and non-reimbursable expenses, consistent with the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide for Brokers and Dealers in Securities (codified in ASC 940-605-05-1). Expenses associated with advisory transactions are recorded in Other operating expenses, net of client reimbursements. Out-of-pocket expenses are deferred and recognized at the time the related revenue is recognized. In general, expenses incurred related to investment banking transactions that fail to close (are not consummated) are recorded gross in Other operating expenses.
Trading-related fees primarily include commissions and fees from the following: executing transactions for clients on exchanges and over-the-counter markets; sale of mutual funds, insurance and other annuity products; and assisting clients in clearing transactions, providing brokerage services and other such activities. Trading-related fees are recognized when earned in Commissions and fees. Gains or losses, if any, on these transactions are included in Principal transactions (see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
The following table presents Commissions and fees revenue for the three and six months ended June 30:
Credit cards and bank cards
Trading-related
Transaction services
Other Consumer(1)
Checking-related
Loan servicing
Corporate finance(2)
Total commissions and fees
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6. PRINCIPAL TRANSACTIONS
Principal transactions revenue consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading activities. Trading activities include revenues from fixed income, equities, credit and commodities products, and foreign exchange transactions. Not included in the table below is the impact of net interest revenue related to trading activities, which is an integral part of trading activities' profitability. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about net interest revenue related to trading activity. Principal transactions include CVA (credit valuation adjustment on derivatives) and DVA (debt valuation adjustments on issued debt earned at fair value).
The following table presents principal transactions revenue for the three and six months ended June 30:
Subtotal Citicorp
Subtotal Citi Holdings
Interest rate contracts(1)
Foreign exchange contracts(2)
Equity contracts(3)
Commodity and other contracts(4)
Credit derivatives(5)
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7. INCENTIVE PLANS
The Company makes restricted or deferred stock and/or deferred cash awards, as well as stock payments, as part of its discretionary annual incentive award programs involving a large segment of Citigroup's employees worldwide. Stock and deferred cash awards and grants of stock options may also be made at various times during the year as sign-on awards to induce new hires to join the Company, or to high-potential employees as long-term retention awards. Long-term restricted stock awards and salary stock payments have also been used to fulfill specific regulatory requirements to deliver annual salary and incentive awards to certain officers and highly-compensated employees in the form of equity. Consistent with long-standing practice, a portion of annual compensation for non-employee directors is also delivered in the form of equity awards. Various other incentive award programs are made on an annual or other regular basis to retain and motivate certain employees who do not participate in Citigroup's annual discretionary incentive awards.
Recipients of Citigroup stock awards and option grants generally do not have any stockholder rights prior to vesting or exercise. Recipients of restricted or deferred stock awards, however, may be entitled to receive dividends or dividend-equivalent payments during the vesting period, unless the award is subject to performance criteria. Pursuant to an amendment to Citigroup's 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, approved by stockholders at the annual meeting on April 24, 2013, unvested stock awards subject to performance criteria may accrue rights to dividend equivalents that will be paid if and when, and only to the extent that, the shares awarded vest. Additionally, because unvested shares of restricted stock are considered issued and outstanding, recipients of such awards are generally entitled to vote the shares in their award during the vesting period. Once a stock award vests, the shares are freely transferable, unless they are subject to a restriction on sale or transfer for a specified period. Pursuant to a stock ownership commitment, certain executives have committed to holding most of their vested shares indefinitely.
Most of the shares of common stock issued by Citigroup as part of its equity compensation programs are to settle the vesting of restricted and deferred stock awards granted as part of annual incentive awards. These annual incentive awards generally also include immediate cash bonus payments and deferred cash awards and, in the European Union (EU), immediately vested stock payments. Annual incentives are generally awarded in the first quarter of the year based upon previous years' performance.
All equity awards granted since April 19, 2005 have been made pursuant to stockholder-approved stock incentive plans that are administered by the Personnel and Compensation Committee of the Citigroup Board of Directors (the Committee), which is composed entirely of independent non-employee directors. For additional information on Citi's incentive plans, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Variable Incentive Compensation
Citigroup has various incentive plans globally that are used to motivate and reward performance primarily in the areas of sales, operational excellence and customer satisfaction. These programs are reviewed on a periodic basis to ensure that they are structured appropriately, aligned to shareholder interests and adequately risk balanced.
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8. RETIREMENT BENEFITS
For additional information on Citi's retirement benefits, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Pension and Postretirement Plans
The Company has several non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain U.S. employees and has various defined benefit pension and termination indemnity plans covering employees outside the United States. The U.S. qualified defined benefit plan was frozen effective January 1, 2008 for most employees. Accordingly, no additional compensation-based contributions were credited to the cash balance portion of the plan for existing plan participants after 2007. However, certain employees covered under the prior final pay plan formula continue to accrue benefits. The Company also offers postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to certain eligible U.S. retired employees, as well as to certain eligible employees outside the United States.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2013, the Company utilizes a quarterly, rather than annual, measurement for the Significant Plans. The Significant Plans capture 80% of the Company's global pension and postretirement liabilities at December 31, 2012. For All Other Plans, the Company will continue to utilize an annual measurement approach. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the change in accounting policy.
Net (Benefit) Expense
The following table summarizes the components of net (benefit) expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the Company's U.S. qualified and nonqualified pension plans, postretirement plans and plans outside the United States.
Benefits earned during the period
Interest cost on benefit obligation
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of unrecognized
Prior service cost (benefit)
Net actuarial loss
Curtailment (gain) loss
Net qualified plans (benefit) expense
U.S. nonqualified plans expense
Total net (benefit) expense
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policy(1)
Total adjusted net (benefit) expense
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Funded Status and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table summarizes the funded status and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the Company's Significant Plans.
Net Amount Recognized
Change in projected benefit obligation (PBO)
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
PBO of plans measured annually at beginning of year(2)
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year for Significant Plans
First quarter activity
Projected benefit obligation at March 31, 2013 for Significant Plans(2)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policy
Plan amendments
Actuarial (gain) loss
Benefits paid net participant contributions
Foreign exchange impact and other
Projected benefit obligation at period end for Significant Plans
Change in plan assets
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year
Plan assets at fair value of plans measured annually at beginning of year(2)
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year for Significant Plans
Plan assets at fair value at March 31, 2013 for Significant Plans(2)
Actual return on plan assets
Company contributions
Plan participants contributions
Settlements
Benefits paid
Plan assets at fair value at period end for Significant Plans
Funded status of Significant Plans at period end
Net amount recognized
Benefit asset
Benefit liability
Net amount recognized on the balance sheet
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Prior service benefit
Net actuarial loss (gain)
Net amount recognized in equity—pretax
Accumulated benefit obligation at period end
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The following table shows the change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2013.
Beginning of period balance, net of tax
Actuarial assumptions changes and plan experience
Net asset gain due to actual returns exceeding expected returns
Net amortizations
Change in deferred taxes, net
Change, net of tax
End of period balance, net of tax(1)
Plan Assumptions
The Company utilizes a number of assumptions to determine plan obligations and expense. Changes in one or a combination of these assumptions will have an impact on the Company's pension and postretirement benefit obligation, funded status and (benefit) expense. Changes in the plans' funded status resulting from unexpected changes in the projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets will have a corresponding impact on Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
As a result of the quarterly measurement of the Company's Significant Plans beginning in the second quarter of 2013, the obligations and assets of these plans are measured based on end-of-period discount rates and asset values, while benefit expense is measured based on beginning-of-period discount rates. Any material changes to all other assumptions for the Significant Plans during the quarterly period are updated during the period as necessary. If no material changes occur, these assumptions will remain the same as at the preceding period-end. All assumptions including discount rates for All Other Plans will continue to be the same as at the preceding year-end.
The discount rates used in determining the pension and postretirement benefit obligations at June 30, 2013, March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and the net benefit expenses for the Company's Significant Plans for the three months ended June 30, 2013, three months ended March 31, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, are shown in the table below. Discount rates at period end are utilized to value the period end benefit obligations and compute the benefit expense in the subsequent quarter.
U.S. plans(2)
Pension
Postretirement
Non-U.S. plans
Weighted average
Sensitivities of Certain Key Assumptions
The following tables summarize the effect on the Company's Significant Plans pension expense of a one-percentage-point change in the discount rate:
U.S. plans
Since the Company's U.S. qualified pension plan was frozen, the majority of the prospective service cost has been eliminated and the gain/loss amortization period was changed to the life expectancy for inactive participants. As a result, pension expense for the Company's U.S. qualified pension plan is driven more by interest costs than service costs, and an increase in the discount rate would increase pension expense, while a decrease in the discount rate would decrease pension expense.
Contributions
The Company's funding practice for U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans is generally to fund to minimum funding requirements in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations. The Company may increase its contributions above the minimum required contribution, if appropriate. In addition, management has the ability to change its funding practices. For the U.S. pension plans, there were no minimum required cash contributions during the second quarter of 2013.
The following table summarizes the actual Company contributions for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, as well as estimated expected Company contributions for the remainder of 2013. Expected contributions are subject to change since contribution decisions are affected by various factors, such as market performance and regulatory requirements.
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Summary of Company Contributions
Company contributions(2) for the six months ended June 30
Company contributions expected for the remainder of the year
Defined Contribution Plans
The Company sponsors defined contribution plans in the U.S. and in certain non-U.S. locations, all of which are administered in accordance with local laws. The most significant defined contribution plan is the Citigroup 401(k) Plan sponsored by the Company in the U.S.
Under the Citigroup 401(k) Plan, eligible U.S. employees receive matching contributions of up to 6% of their eligible compensation for 2013 and 2012, subject to statutory limits. Additionally, for eligible employees whose eligible compensation is $100,000 or less, a fixed contribution of up to 2% of eligible compensation is provided. All Company contributions are invested according to participants' individual elections. The pretax expense associated with this plan amounted to approximately $98 million and $92 million in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and $202 million and $196 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Postemployment Plans
The Company sponsors U.S. postemployment plans that provide income continuation and health and welfare benefits to certain eligible U.S. employees on long-term disability.
The following table summarizes the components of net expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the Company's U.S. postemployment plans.
Service related expense
Benefits earned during the year
Prior service cost
Total service related expense
Non-service related expense
Total net expense
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9. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following is a reconciliation of the income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) computations for the three and six months ended June 30:
Income from continuing operations before attribution of noncontrolling interests
Less: Noncontrolling interests from continuing operations
Net income from continuing operations (for EPS purposes)
Less: Preferred dividends
Net income available to common shareholders
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to employee restricted and deferred shares with nonforfeitable rights to dividends, applicable to basic EPS
Net income allocated to common shareholders for basic EPS
Add: Interest expense, net of tax, and dividends on convertible securities and adjustment of undistributed earnings allocated to employee restricted and deferred shares with nonforfeitable rights to dividends, applicable to diluted EPS
Net income allocated to common shareholders for diluted EPS
Weighted-average common shares outstanding applicable to basic EPS
Effect of dilutive securities
T-DECs(1)
Options(2)
Other employee plans
Convertible securities(3)
Adjusted weighted-average common shares outstanding applicable to diluted EPS
Basic earnings per share(4)
Diluted earnings per share(4)
See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the future impact of preferred stock dividends.
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10. FEDERAL FUNDS/SECURITIES BORROWED, LOANED, AND SUBJECT TO REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, at their respective carrying values, consisted of the following at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Federal funds sold
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
Deposits paid for securities borrowed
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, at their respective carrying values, consisted of the following at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Federal funds purchased
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Deposits received for securities loaned
The resale and repurchase agreements represent collateralized financing transactions. The Company executes these transactions through its broker-dealer subsidiaries to facilitate customer matched-book activity and to efficiently fund a portion of the Company's trading inventory. Transactions executed by the Company's bank subsidiaries primarily facilitate customer financing activity.
It is the Company's policy to take possession of the underlying collateral, monitor its market value relative to the amounts due under the agreements and, when necessary, require prompt transfer of additional collateral in order to maintain contractual margin protection. Collateral typically consists of government and government-agency securities, corporate and municipal bonds, and mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities.
The resale and repurchase agreements are generally documented under industry standard agreements that allow the prompt close-out of all transactions (including the liquidation of securities held) and the offsetting of obligations to return cash or securities, as the case may be, by the non-defaulting party, following a payment or other type of default under the relevant master agreement. Events of default generally include: (i) failure to deliver cash or securities as required under the transaction, (ii) failure to provide or return cash or securities as used for margining purposes, (iii) breach of representation, (iv) cross-default to another transaction entered into among the parties, or, in some cases, their affiliates, and (v) a repudiation of obligations under the agreement. The counterparty that receives the securities in these transactions is generally unrestricted in its use of the securities, with the exception of transactions executed on a tri-party basis.
The majority of the resale and repurchase agreements are recorded at fair value, as described in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The remaining portion is carried at the amount of cash initially advanced or received, plus accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements.
The securities borrowing and lending agreements also represent collateralized financing transactions similar to the resale and repurchase agreements. Collateral typically consists of government and government-agency securities and corporate debt and equity securities.
Similar to the resale and repurchase agreements, securities borrowing and lending agreements are generally documented under industry standard agreements that allow the prompt close-out of all transactions (including the liquidation of securities held) and the offsetting of obligations to return cash or securities, as the case may be, by the non-defaulting party, following a payment or other default by the other party under the relevant master agreement. Events of default and rights to use securities under the securities borrowing and lending agreements are similar to the resale and repurchase agreements referenced above.
A majority of securities borrowing and lending agreements are recorded at the amount of cash advanced or received. The remaining portion is recorded at fair value as the Company elected the fair value option for certain securities borrowed and loaned portfolios, as described in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. With respect to securities loaned, the Company receives cash collateral in an amount generally in excess of the market value of the securities loaned. The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and securities loaned on a daily basis and obtains or posts additional collateral in order to maintain contractual margin protection.
The enforceability of offsetting rights incorporated in the master netting agreements for resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending agreements is evidenced to the extent that a supportive legal opinion has been obtained from counsel of recognized standing which provides the requisite level of certainty regarding the enforceability of these agreements and that the exercise of rights by the non-defaulting party to terminate and close-out transactions on a net basis under these agreements will not be stayed, or avoided under applicable law upon an event of default including bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding.
A legal opinion may not have been sought or obtained for certain jurisdictions where local law is silent or sufficiently ambiguous to determine the enforceability of offsetting rights or where adverse case law or conflicting regulation may cast doubt on the enforceability of such rights. In some jurisdictions and for some counterparty types, the insolvency law for a particular counterparty type may be nonexistent or unclear as overlapping regimes may exist. For example, this may be the case for certain sovereigns, municipalities, central banks and U.S. pension plans.
The following tables present the gross and net resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending agreements and the related offsetting amount permitted under ASC 210-20-45, as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The tables also include amounts related to financial instruments that are not permitted to be offset under ASC 210-20-45 but would be eligible for offsetting to the extent an
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event of default occurred and a legal opinion supporting enforceability of the offsetting rights has been obtained. Remaining exposures continue to be secured by financial collateral, but the Company may not have sought or been able to obtain a legal opinion evidencing enforceability of the offsetting right.
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11. TRADING ACCOUNT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities, at fair value, consisted of the following at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Mortgage-backed securities(1)
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed
Prime
Alt-A
Subprime
Non-U.S. residential
Commercial
Total mortgage-backed securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities
U.S. Treasury
Agency obligations
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities
State and municipal securities
Foreign government securities
Derivatives(2)
Equity securities
Asset-backed securities(1)
Other debt securities(3)
Total trading account assets
Securities sold, not yet purchased
Total trading account liabilities
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12. INVESTMENTS
Securities available-for-sale
Debt securities held-to-maturity(1)
Non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value(2)
Non-marketable equity securities carried at cost(3)
Total investments
Securities Available-for-Sale
The amortized cost and fair value of AFS securities at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were as follows:
Debt securities AFS
Mortgage-backed securities(2)
State and municipal(3)
Foreign government
Asset-backed securities(2)
Other debt securities
Total debt securities AFS
Marketable equity securities AFS
Total securities AFS
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As discussed in more detail below, the Company conducts and documents periodic reviews of all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate whether the impairment is other than temporary. Any credit-related impairment related to debt securities that the Company does not plan to sell and is not likely to be required to sell is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income, with the non-credit-related impairment recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). For other debt securities with other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI), the entire impairment is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The table below shows the fair value of AFS securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Securities AFS
Mortgage-backed securities
State and municipal
Asset-backed securities
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The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of AFS debt securities by contractual maturity dates as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Due within 1 year
After 1 but within 5 years
After 5 but within 10 years
After 10 years(2)
All other(3)
The following table presents interest and dividends on investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Taxable interest
Interest exempt from U.S. federal income tax
Dividends
Total interest and dividends
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The following table presents realized gains and losses on all investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. The gross realized investment losses exclude losses from OTTI:
Gross realized investment gains
Gross realized investment losses(1)
Net realized gains
Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity
The carrying value and fair value of debt securities held-to-maturity (HTM) at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were as follows:
Debt securities held-to-maturity
Mortgage-backed securities(3)
Asset-backed securities(3)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity
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The Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity absent any unforeseen further significant changes in circumstances, including deterioration in credit or with regard to regulatory capital requirements.
The net unrealized losses classified in AOCI relate to debt securities previously reclassified from AFS investments to HTM investments. Additionally, for HTM securities that have suffered credit impairment, declines in fair value for reasons other than credit losses are recorded in AOCI, while credit-related impairment is recognized in earnings. The AOCI balance for HTM securities is amortized over the remaining life of the related securities as an adjustment of yield in a manner consistent with the accretion of discount on the same debt securities. This will have no impact on the Company's net income because the amortization of the unrealized holding loss reported in equity will offset the effect on interest income of the accretion of the discount on these securities.
The table below shows the fair value of debt securities in HTM that have been in an unrecognized loss position for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Excluded from the gross unrecognized losses presented in the above table are the $1.0 billion and $1.5 billion of gross unrealized losses recorded in AOCI as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, mainly related to the HTM securities that were reclassified from AFS investments. Virtually all of these unrecognized losses relate to securities that have been in a loss position for 12 months or longer at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
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The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of HTM debt securities by contractual maturity dates as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
After 10 years(1)
All other(2)
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Evaluating Investments for Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
The Company conducts and documents periodic reviews of all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate whether the impairment is other than temporary.
An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in AOCI for AFS securities. Losses related to HTM securities are not recorded, as these investments are carried at amortized cost. For securities transferred to HTM from Trading account assets, amortized cost is defined as the fair value of the securities at the date of transfer, plus any accretion income and less any impairment recognized in earnings subsequent to transfer. For securities transferred to HTM from AFS, amortized cost is defined as the original purchase cost, plus or minus any accretion or amortization of a purchase discount or premium, less any impairment recognized in earnings.
Regardless of the classification of the securities as AFS or HTM, the Company has assessed each position with an unrealized loss for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include:
The Company's review for impairment generally entails:
Under the guidance for debt securities, OTTI is recognized in earnings for debt securities that the Company has an intent to sell or that the Company believes it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. For those securities that the Company does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell, credit-related impairment is recognized in earnings, with the non-credit-related impairment recorded in AOCI.
For debt securities that are not deemed to be credit impaired, management assesses whether it intends to sell or whether it is more-likely-than-not that it would be required to sell the investment before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. In most cases, management has asserted that it has no intent to sell and that it believes it is not likely to be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Where such an assertion cannot be made, the security's decline in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary and is recorded in earnings.
For debt securities, a critical component of the evaluation for OTTI is the identification of credit impaired securities, where management does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. For securities purchased and classified as AFS with the expectation of receiving full principal and interest cash flows as of the date of purchase, this analysis considers the likelihood of receiving all contractual principal and interest. For securities reclassified out of the trading category in the fourth quarter of 2008, the analysis considers the likelihood of receiving the expected principal and interest cash flows anticipated as of the date of reclassification in the fourth quarter of 2008. The extent of the Company's analysis regarding credit quality and the stress on assumptions used in the analysis have been refined for securities where the current fair value or other characteristics of the security warrant.
For equity securities, management considers the various factors described above, including its intent and ability to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient for recovery to cost or whether it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its cost basis. Where management lacks that intent or ability, the security's decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary and is recorded in earnings. AFS equity securities deemed other-than-temporarily impaired are written down to fair value, with the full difference between fair value and cost recognized in earnings.
Management assesses equity method investments with fair value less than carrying value for OTTI. Fair value is measured as price multiplied by quantity if the investee has publicly listed securities. If the investee is not publicly listed, other methods are used (see Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
For impaired equity method investments that Citi plans to sell prior to recovery of value or would likely be required to sell, with no expectation that the fair value will recover prior to the expected sale date, the full impairment is recognized in earnings as OTTI regardless of severity and duration. The measurement of the OTTI does not include partial projected recoveries subsequent to the balance sheet date.
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For impaired equity method investments that management does not plan to sell prior to recovery of value and is not likely to be required to sell, the evaluation of whether an impairment is other-than-temporary is based on (i) whether and when an equity method investment will recover in value and (ii) whether the investor has the intent and ability to hold that investment for a period of time sufficient to recover the value. The determination of whether the impairment is considered other-than-temporary is based on all of the following indicators, regardless of the time and extent of impairment:
The sections below describe current circumstances related to certain of the Company's significant equity method investments, specific impairments and the Company's process for identifying credit-related impairments in its security types with the most significant unrealized losses as of June 30, 2013.
Akbank
In March 2012, Citi decided to reduce its ownership interest in Akbank T.A.S., an equity investment in Turkey (Akbank), to below 10%. As of March 31, 2012, Citi held a 20% equity interest in Akbank, which it purchased in January 2007, accounted for as an equity method investment. As a result of its decision to sell its share holdings in Akbank, in the first quarter of 2012 Citi recorded an impairment charge related to its total investment in Akbank amounting to approximately $1.2 billion pretax ($763 million after-tax). This impairment charge was primarily driven by the recognition of all net investment foreign currency hedging and translation losses previously reflected in AOCI as well as a reduction in the carrying value of the investment to reflect the market price of Akbank's shares. The impairment charge was recorded in OTTI losses on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Income. During the second quarter of 2012, Citi sold a 10.1% stake in Akbank, resulting in a loss on sale of $424 million ($274 million after-tax) recorded in Other revenue. As of June 30, 2013, the remaining 9.9% stake in Akbank is recorded within marketable equity securities available-for-sale.
MSSB
On September 17, 2012, Citi sold to Morgan Stanley a 14% interest (the 14% Interest) in the MSSB joint venture, pursuant to the exercise of the purchase option by Morgan Stanley on June 1, 2012. Morgan Stanley paid Citi $1.89 billion in cash as the purchase price of the 14% Interest. The purchase price was based on an implied 100% valuation of the MSSB joint venture of $13.5 billion, as agreed between Morgan Stanley and Citi pursuant to an agreement dated September 11, 2012. The related approximate $4.5 billion in deposits were transferred to Morgan Stanley at no premium, as agreed between the parties.
Prior to the September 2012 sale, Citi's carrying value of its 49% interest in the MSSB joint venture was approximately $11.3 billion. As a result of the agreement entered into with Morgan Stanley on September 11, 2012, Citi recorded a charge to net income in the third quarter of 2012 of approximately $2.9 billion after-tax ($4.7 billion pretax), consisting of (i) a charge recorded in Other revenue of approximately $800 million after-tax ($1.3 billion pretax), representing a loss on sale of the 14% Interest, and (ii) an OTTI of the carrying value of its remaining 35% interest in the MSSB joint venture of approximately $2.1 billion after-tax ($3.4 billion pretax).
On June 21, 2013, Morgan Stanley notified Citi of its intent to exercise its call option with respect to Citi's remaining 35% investment in the MSSB joint venture, composed of an approximate $4.725 billion equity investment and $3 billion of other MSSB financing (consisting of approximately $2.028 billion of preferred stock and a $0.880 billion loan). At the closing of the transaction on June 28, 2013, the loan to MSSB was repaid and the MSSB interests and preferred stock were settled, with no significant gains or losses recorded at the time of settlement. In addition, MSSB made a dividend payment to Citi on June 28, 2013 in the amount of $37.5 million.
With this sale of remaining interest, redemption of preferred stock, and repayment of the loan, Citi resolves all investment and financing balances associated with the MSSB joint venture, except for the deposits discussed below. Certain of the transition servicing agreements and clearing agreements remain in place for the remainder of the year to deliver customer statements and tax filings.
At June 30, 2013, Citi held deposits of approximately $57 billion related to MSSB customers. Pursuant to its agreement with Morgan Stanley, Citi will transfer these deposits to Morgan Stanley in stages, starting with approximately $20 billion during the third quarter of 2013, and approximately $5 billion per quarter for the next two years. The transfer of approximately $18 billion occurred in July 2013, with the remaining deposit balances to be transferred over the subsequent two year period.
For U.S. mortgage-backed securities (and in particular for Alt-A and other mortgage-backed securities that have significant unrealized losses as a percentage of amortized cost), credit impairment is assessed using a cash flow model that estimates the cash flows on the underlying mortgages, using the security-specific collateral and transaction structure. The model estimates cash flows from the underlying mortgage loans and distributes those cash flows to various tranches of securities, considering the transaction structure and any subordination and credit enhancements that exist in that structure. The cash flow model incorporates actual cash flows on the mortgage-backed securities through the current period and then projects the remaining cash flows using a number of assumptions, including default rates, prepayment rates and recovery rates (on foreclosed properties).
Management develops specific assumptions using as much market data as possible and includes internal estimates as well as estimates published by rating agencies and other third-party sources. Default rates are projected by considering current underlying mortgage loan performance, generally assuming the default of (i) 10% of current loans, (ii) 25% of 30-59 day delinquent loans, (iii) 70% of 60-90 day delinquent loans and (iv) 100% of 91+ day delinquent loans. These estimates are
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extrapolated along a default timing curve to estimate the total lifetime pool default rate. Other assumptions contemplate the actual collateral attributes, including geographic concentrations, rating actions and current market prices.
The key assumptions for mortgage-backed securities as of June 30, 2013 are in the table below:
Prepayment rate(1)
Loss severity(2)
In addition, cash flow projections are developed using more stressful parameters. Management assesses the results of those stress tests (including the severity of any cash shortfall indicated and the likelihood of the stress scenarios actually occurring based on the underlying pool's characteristics and performance) to assess whether management expects to recover the amortized cost basis of the security. If cash flow projections indicate that the Company does not expect to recover its amortized cost basis, the Company recognizes the estimated credit loss in earnings.
Citigroup's AFS state and municipal bonds consist mainly of bonds that are financed through Tender Option Bond programs or were previously financed in this program (for additional information, see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The process for identifying credit impairments for these bonds is largely based on third-party credit ratings. Individual bond positions that are financed through Tender Option Bonds are required to meet minimum ratings requirements, which vary based on the sector of the bond issuer.
Citigroup monitors the bond issuer and insurer ratings on a daily basis. The average portfolio rating, ignoring any insurance, is Aa3/AA-. In the event of a rating downgrade, the subject bond is specifically reviewed for potential shortfall in contractual principal and interest. The remainder of Citigroup's AFS and HTM state and municipal bonds are specifically reviewed for credit impairment based on instrument-specific estimates of cash flows, probability of default and loss given default.
For impaired AFS state and municipal bonds that Citi plans to sell, or would likely be required to sell with no expectation that the fair value will recover prior to the expected sale date, the full impairment is recognized in earnings.
Recognition and Measurement of OTTI
The following table presents the total OTTI recognized in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013:
Impairment losses related to securities that the Company does not intend to sell nor will likely be required to sell:
Total OTTI losses recognized during the period ended June 30, 2013
Less: portion of impairment loss recognized in AOCI (before taxes)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings for securities that the Company does not intend to sell nor will likely be required to sell
Impairment losses recognized in earnings for securities that the Company intends to sell or more-likely-than-not will be required to sell before recovery(2)
Total impairment losses recognized in earnings
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The following is a three-month roll-forward of the credit-related impairments recognized in earnings for AFS and HTM debt securities held as of June 30, 2013 that the Company does not intend to sell nor will likely be required to sell:
AFS debt securities
All other debt securities
Total OTTI credit losses recognized for AFS debt securities
HTM debt securities
Total OTTI credit losses recognized for HTM debt securities
The following is a six-month roll-forward of the credit-related impairments recognized in earnings for AFS and HTM debt securities held as of June 30, 2013 that the Company does not intend to sell nor will likely be required to sell:
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Investments in Alternative Investment Funds That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share
The Company holds investments in certain alternative investment funds that calculate net asset value (NAV) per share, including hedge funds, private equity funds, funds of funds and real estate funds. The Company's investments include co-investments in funds that are managed by the Company and investments in funds that are managed by third parties. Investments in funds are generally classified as non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value.
The fair values of these investments are estimated using the NAV per share of the Company's ownership interest in the funds, where it is not probable that the Company will sell an investment at a price other than the NAV.
Private equity funds(1)(2)(3)
Real estate funds(3)(4)
Total(5)
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13. LOANS
Citigroup loans are reported in two categories—Consumer and Corporate. These categories are classified primarily according to the segment and subsegment that manage the loans.
Consumer Loans
Consumer loans represent loans and leases managed primarily by the Global Consumer Banking businesses in Citicorp and Local Consumer Lending in Citi Holdings. The following table provides information by loan type:
Net unearned income
Included in the loan table above are lending products whose terms may give rise to greater credit issues. Credit cards with below-market introductory interest rates and interest-only loans are examples of such products. These products are closely managed using credit techniques that are intended to mitigate their higher inherent risk.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company sold and/or reclassified (to held-for-sale) $6.5 billion and $0.8 billion, and $10.2 and $1.4 billion, respectively, of Consumer loans. The Company did not have significant purchases of Consumer loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 or June 30, 2012.
Citigroup has established a risk management process to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks associated with its Consumer loan portfolio. Credit quality indicators that are actively monitored include delinquency status, consumer credit scores (FICO), and loan to value (LTV) ratios, each as discussed in more detail below.
Delinquency Status
Delinquency status is monitored and considered a key indicator of credit quality of Consumer loans. Substantially all of the U.S. residential first mortgage loans use the MBA method of reporting delinquencies, which considers a loan delinquent if a monthly payment has not been received by the end of the day immediately preceding the loan's next due date. All other loans use the OTS method of reporting delinquencies, which considers a loan delinquent if a monthly payment has not been received by the close of business on the loan's next due date.
As a general policy, residential first mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans are classified as non-accrual when loan payments are 90 days contractually past due. Credit cards and unsecured revolving loans generally accrue interest until payments are 180 days past due. As a result of OCC guidance issued in the first quarter of 2012, home equity loans in regulated bank entities are classified as non-accrual if the related residential first mortgage is 90 days or more past due. As a result of OCC guidance issued in the third quarter of 2012, mortgage loans in regulated bank entities discharged through Chapter 7 bankruptcy, other than FHA-insured loans, are classified as non-accrual. Commercial market loans are placed on a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal is 90 days past due.
The policy for re-aging modified U.S. Consumer loans to current status varies by product. Generally, one of the conditions to qualify for these modifications is that a minimum number of payments (typically ranging from one to three) be made. Upon modification, the loan is re-aged to current status. However, re-aging practices for certain open-ended Consumer loans, such as credit cards, are governed by Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) guidelines. For open-ended Consumer loans subject to FFIEC guidelines, one of the conditions for the loan to be re-aged to current status is that at least three consecutive minimum monthly payments, or the equivalent amount, must be received. In addition, under FFIEC guidelines, the number of times that such a loan can be re-aged is subject to limitations (generally once in 12 months and twice in five years). Furthermore, Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loans are modified under those respective agencies' guidelines and payments are not always required in order to re-age a modified loan to current.
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The following tables provide details on Citigroup's Consumer loan delinquency and non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Consumer Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at June 30, 2013
In North America offices
Residential first mortgages
Home equity loans(5)
Credit cards
Commercial market loans
In offices outside North America
Total GCB and LCL
SAP
Consumer Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at December 31, 2012
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Consumer Credit Scores (FICO)
In the U.S., independent credit agencies rate an individual's risk for assuming debt based on the individual's credit history and assign every consumer a "FICO" credit score. These scores are continually updated by the agencies based upon an individual's credit actions (e.g., taking out a loan or missed or late payments).
The following table provides details on the FICO scores attributable to Citi's U.S. Consumer loan portfolio as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (commercial market loans are not included in the table since they are business-based and FICO scores are not a primary driver in their credit evaluation). FICO scores are updated monthly for substantially all of the portfolio or, otherwise, on a quarterly basis.
Home equity loans
Loan to Value (LTV) Ratios
LTV ratios (loan balance divided by appraised value) are calculated at origination and updated by applying market price data.
The following tables provide details on the LTV ratios attributable to Citi's U.S. Consumer mortgage portfolios as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. LTV ratios are updated monthly using the most recent Core Logic HPI data available for substantially all of the portfolio applied at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level, if available, or the state level if not. The remainder of the portfolio is updated in a similar manner using the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight indices.
147
Impaired Consumer Loans
Impaired loans are those loans about which Citigroup believes it is probable that it will not collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan. Impaired Consumer loans include non-accrual commercial market loans, as well as smaller-balance homogeneous loans whose terms have been modified due to the borrower's financial difficulties and where Citigroup has granted a concession to the borrower. These modifications may include interest rate reductions and/or principal forgiveness. Impaired Consumer loans exclude smaller-balance homogeneous loans that have not been modified and are carried on a non-accrual basis. In addition, impaired Consumer loans exclude substantially all loans modified pursuant to Citi's short-term modification programs (i.e., for periods of 12 months or less) that were modified prior to January 1, 2011.
As a result of OCC guidance issued in the third quarter of 2012, mortgage loans to borrowers that have gone through Chapter 7 bankruptcy are classified as TDRs. These TDRs, other than FHA-insured loans, are written down to collateral value less cost to sell. FHA-insured loans are reserved based on a discounted cash flow model (see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Citi's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K). The recorded investment in receivables reclassified to TDRs in the third quarter of 2012 as a result of this OCC guidance approximated $1,714 million, composed of $1,327 million of residential first mortgages and $387 million of home equity loans.
The following tables present information about total impaired Consumer loans at and for the periods ending June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012 for interest income recognized on impaired Consumer loans:
Individual installment and other
Total(7)
148
Consumer Troubled Debt Restructurings
The following tables present Consumer TDRs occurring during the three- and six-months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Installment and other revolving
Commercial markets(6)
149
150
151
The following table presents Consumer TDRs that defaulted(1) during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of a permanent modification:
Commercial markets
Corporate Loans
Corporate loans represent loans and leases managed by the Institutional Clients Groupin Citicorp or the Special Asset Pool in Citi Holdings. The following table presents information by Corporate loan type as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Installment, revolving credit and other
Net unearned income (loss)
The Company sold and/or reclassified (to held-for-sale) $1,143 and $2,172 million of Corporate loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, and $714 million and $1,639 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively.
Corporate loans are identified as impaired and placed on a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal is 90 days past due, except when the loan is well collateralized and in the process of collection. Any interest accrued on impaired Corporate loans and leases is reversed at 90 days and charged against current earnings, and interest is thereafter included in earnings only to the extent actually received in cash. When there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of principal, all cash receipts are thereafter applied to reduce the recorded investment in the loan. While Corporate loans are generally managed based on their internally assigned risk rating (see further discussion below), the following tables present delinquency information by Corporate loan type as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
152
Corporate Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at June 30, 2013
Leases
Loans at fair value
Corporate Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at December 31, 2012
153
Citigroup has a risk management process to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks associated with its Corporate loan portfolio. As part of its risk management process, Citi assigns numeric risk ratings to its Corporate loan facilities based on quantitative and qualitative assessments of the obligor and facility. These risk ratings are reviewed at least annually or more often if material events related to the obligor or facility warrant. Factors considered in assigning the risk ratings include: financial condition of the obligor, qualitative assessment of management and strategy, amount and sources of repayment, amount and type of collateral and guarantee arrangements, amount and type of any contingencies associated with the obligor, and the obligor's industry and geography.
The obligor risk ratings are defined by ranges of default probabilities. The facility risk ratings are defined by ranges of loss norms, which are the product of the probability of default and the loss given default. The investment grade rating categories are similar to the category BBB-/Baa3 and above as defined by S&P and Moody's. Loans classified according to the bank regulatory definitions as special mention, substandard and doubtful will have risk ratings within the non-investment grade categories.
Corporate Loans Credit Quality Indicators at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012
Investment grade(2)
Total investment grade
Non-investment grade(2)
Accrual
Non-accrual
Total non-investment grade
Private Banking loans managed on a delinquency basis(2)
Corporate loans and leases identified as impaired and placed on non-accrual status are written down to the extent that principal is judged to be uncollectible. Impaired collateral-dependent loans and leases, where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment, are written down to the lower of cost or collateral value, less cost to sell. Cash-basis loans are returned to an accrual status when all contractual principal and interest amounts are reasonably assured of repayment and there is a sustained period of repayment performance, generally six months, in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.
154
The following tables present non-accrual loan information by Corporate loan type at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and interest income recognized on non-accrual Corporate loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively:
Non-Accrual Corporate Loans
Non-accrual Corporate loans
Total non-accrual Corporate loans
Non-accrual Corporate loans with valuation allowances
Total non-accrual Corporate loans with specific allowance
Non-accrual Corporate loans without specific allowance
Total non-accrual Corporate loans without specific allowance
155
Corporate Troubled Debt Restructurings
The following tables provide details on TDR activity and default information as of and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012.
The following table presents TDRs occurring during the three months ended June 30, 2013.
The following table presents TDRs occurring during the three months ended June 30, 2012.
The following table presents TDRs occurring during the six months ended June 30, 2013.
156
The following table presents TDRs occurring during the six months ended June 30, 2012.
The following table presents total corporate loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring at June 30, 2013 and 2012, as well as those TDRs that defaulted during the three and six months of 2013 and 2012, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of modification.
157
14. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Gross credit losses(1)
Gross recoveries
Net credit losses (NCLs)
NCLs replenishments
Net reserve builds (releases)(1)(2)
Net specific reserve builds (releases)(1)(2)
Total provision for credit losses
Other, net(3)
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments at beginning of period(4)
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments at end of period(4)
Total allowance for loans, leases, and unfunded lending commitments
Allowance for Credit Losses and Investment in Loans
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of year
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Replenishment of net charge-offs
Net reserve releases
Net specific reserve builds (releases)
Ending balance
158
Determined in accordance with ASC 450-20
Determined in accordance with ASC 310-10-35
Determined in accordance with ASC 310-30
Total allowance for loan losses
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20
Loans evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10-35
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality in accordance with ASC 310-30
Loans held at fair value
Total loans, net of unearned income
159
15. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in Goodwill during the first six months of 2013 were as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2012
Foreign exchange translation and other
Balance at March 31, 2013
Balance at June 30, 2013
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually during the third quarter at the reporting unit level and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. During the first six months of 2013, no interim impairment test on goodwill was performed and no goodwill was written off due to impairment.
While no goodwill was written off during the second quarter of 2013, the Company will continue to monitor the Brokerage and Asset Management (BAM) and Local Consumer Lending Cards (LCL Cards) reporting units, as goodwill present in these reporting units may be particularly sensitive to further deterioration in economic conditions. If the future were to differ adversely from management's best estimate of key economic assumptions and associated cash flows were to decrease by a small margin, the Company could potentially experience future impairment charges with respect to the $42 million and $106 million of goodwill remaining in the BAM and LCL Cards reporting units, respectively. The fair value as a percentage of allocated book value as of the July 1, 2012 test forBAM and LCL Cards was 121% and 110%, respectively. Any such charges, by themselves, would not negatively affect the Company's Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital or Total Capital regulatory ratios (based on current regulatory guidelines), its Tangible Common Equity or the Company's liquidity position.
The following table shows reporting units with goodwill balances as of June 30, 2013.
Local Consumer Lending—Cards
160
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The components of intangible assets were as follows:
Purchased credit card relationships
Core deposit intangibles
Other customer relationships
Present value of future profits
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Other(1)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)
Total intangible assets
The changes in intangible assets during the first six months of 2013 were as follows:
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)(1)
161
16. DEBT
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings consist of commercial paper and other borrowings at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 as follows:
Significant Citibank Entities(1)
Parent(2)
Other borrowings(3)
Borrowings under bank lines of credit may be at interest rates based on LIBOR, CD rates, the prime rate, or bids submitted by the banks. Citigroup pays commitment fees for its lines of credit.
Some of Citigroup's parent subsidiaries have credit facilities with Citigroup's subsidiary depository institutions, including Citibank, N.A. Borrowings under these facilities are secured in accordance with Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act.
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (CGMHI) has borrowing agreements consisting of facilities that CGMHI has been advised are available, but where no contractual lending obligation exists. These arrangements are reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure flexibility in meeting CGMHI's short-term requirements.
Citigroup parent company
Bank(1)
Other non-bank
Total(2)
Long-term debt outstanding includes trust preferred securities with a balance sheet carrying value of $6.6 billion and $10.1 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. In issuing these trust preferred securities, Citi formed statutory business trusts under the laws of the State of Delaware. The trusts exist for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing trust preferred securities representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the trust; (ii) investing the gross proceeds of the trust preferred securities in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (subordinated debentures) of its parent; and (iii) engaging in only those activities necessary or incidental thereto. Generally, upon receipt of certain regulatory approvals, Citigroup has the right to redeem these securities upon the date specified in the respective security. The respective common securities issued by each trust and held by Citigroup are redeemed concurrently with the redemption of the applicable trust preferred securities.
162
The following table summarizes the Company's outstanding trust preferred securities at June 30, 2013:
Citigroup Capital III
Citigroup Capital IX
Citigroup Capital X
Citigroup Capital XI
Citigroup Capital XIII
Citigroup Capital XVI(2)
Citigroup Capital XVII
Citigroup Capital XVIII
Citigroup Capital XXXIII(3)
Adam Capital Trust III
Adam Statutory Trust III
Adam Statutory Trust IV
Adam Statutory Trust V
Total obligated
In each case, the coupon rate on the subordinated debentures is the same as that on the trust preferred securities. Distributions on the trust preferred securities and interest on the subordinated debentures are payable quarterly, except for Citigroup Capital III and Citigroup Capital XVIII on which distributions are payable semiannually.
163
17. CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
Increase (decrease) due to amounts reclassified from AOCI
Change, net of taxes(1)(2)(3)
Balance at March 31, 2012
Change, net of taxes(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
Balance at June 30, 2012
Balance at December 31, 2011
164
The pretax and after-tax changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
Balance, March 31, 2013
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities
Cash flow hedges
Pension liability adjustment
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Change
Balance, June 30, 2013
Balance, December 31, 2012
Balance, March 31, 2012
Balance, June 30, 2012
Balance, December 31, 2011
165
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, the Company recognized a pretax loss of $122 million ($68 million net of tax) and $130 million ($61 million net of tax), respectively, related to amounts reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into the Consolidated Statement of income.
Realized gains on sales of investments
OTTI gross impairment losses
Subtotal
Tax effect
Net realized gains (losses) on investment securities(1)
Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Amortization of cash flow hedges(2)
Amortization of prior service costs
Amortization of prior of actuarial gains (losses)
Cumulative adjustment due to accounting policy change(3)(4)
Amortization of pension liability adjustment(3)
Total amounts reclassified out of AOCI—pretax
Total tax effect
Total amounts reclassified out of AOCI—after-tax
166
18. PREFERRED STOCK
The following table summarizes the Company's preferred stock outstanding at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Series AA(1)
Series A(2)
Series B(3)
Series C(4)
Series D(5)
Series E(6)
Series F(7)
Series T(8)
Year-to-date, Citi has distributed approximately $13 million in dividends on its outstanding preferred stock. Based on its preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2013, Citi estimates it will distribute preferred dividends of approximately $110 million in the third quarter of 2013, and approximately $52 million in the fourth quarter of 2013, in each case assuming such dividends are approved by Citigroup's Board of Directors.
167
19. SECURITIZATIONS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
Uses of SPEs
A special purpose entity (SPE) is an entity designed to fulfill a specific limited need of the company that organized it. The principal uses of SPEs are to obtain liquidity and favorable capital treatment by securitizing certain of Citigroup's financial assets, to assist clients in securitizing their financial assets and to create investment products for clients. SPEs may be organized in various legal forms including trusts, partnerships or corporations. In a securitization, the company transferring assets to an SPE converts all (or a portion) of those assets into cash before they would have been realized in the normal course of business through the SPE's issuance of debt and equity instruments, certificates, commercial paper and other notes of indebtedness. These issuances are recorded on the balance sheet of the SPE, which may or may not be consolidated onto the balance sheet of the company that organized the SPE.
Investors usually only have recourse to the assets in the SPE and often benefit from other credit enhancements, such as a collateral account or over-collateralization in the form of excess assets in the SPE, a line of credit, or a liquidity facility, such as a liquidity put option or asset purchase agreement. Because of these enhancements, the SPE issuances can typically obtain a more favorable credit rating from rating agencies than the transferor could obtain for its own debt issuances. This results in less expensive financing costs than unsecured debt. The SPE may also enter into derivative contracts in order to convert the yield or currency of the underlying assets to match the needs of the SPE investors or to limit or change the credit risk of the SPE. Citigroup may be the provider of certain credit enhancements as well as the counterparty to any related derivative contracts.
Most of Citigroup's SPEs are variable interest entities (VIEs), as described below.
Variable Interest Entities
VIEs are entities that have either a total equity investment that is insufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or whose equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest (i.e., ability to make significant decisions through voting rights, and right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity or obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity). Investors that finance the VIE through debt or equity interests or other counterparties providing other forms of support, such as guarantees, subordinated fee arrangements, or certain types of derivative contracts, are variable interest holders in the entity.
The variable interest holder, if any, that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE. Citigroup would be deemed to have a controlling financial interest and be the primary beneficiary if it has both of the following characteristics:
The Company must evaluate its involvement in each VIE and understand the purpose and design of the entity, the role the Company had in the entity's design and its involvement in the VIE's ongoing activities. The Company then must evaluate which activities most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and who has the power to direct such activities.
For those VIEs where the Company determines that it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance, the Company then must evaluate its economic interests, if any, and determine whether it could absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. When evaluating whether the Company has an obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant, it considers the maximum exposure to such loss without consideration of probability. Such obligations could be in various forms, including, but not limited to, debt and equity investments, guarantees, liquidity agreements, and certain derivative contracts.
In various other transactions, the Company may: (i) act as a derivative counterparty (for example, interest rate swap, cross-currency swap, or purchaser of credit protection under a credit default swap or total return swap where the Company pays the total return on certain assets to the SPE); (ii) act as underwriter or placement agent; (iii) provide administrative, trustee or other services; or (iv) make a market in debt securities or other instruments issued by VIEs. The Company generally considers such involvement, by itself, not to be variable interests and thus not an indicator of power or potentially significant benefits or losses.
168
Citigroup's involvement with consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs with which the Company holds significant variable interests or has continuing involvement through servicing a majority of the assets in a VIE, each as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, is presented below:
Credit card securitizations(5)
Mortgage securitizations(6)
U.S. agency-sponsored
Non-agency-sponsored
Citi-administered asset-backed commercial paper conduits (ABCP)
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)
Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs)
Asset-based financing
Municipal securities tender option bond trusts (TOBs)
Municipal investments
Client intermediation
Investment funds
Credit card securitizations
Mortgage securitizations
Student loan securitizations
169
Mortgage securitizations(5)
170
The previous tables do not include:
The asset balances for consolidated VIEs represent the carrying amounts of the assets consolidated by the Company. The carrying amount may represent the amortized cost or the current fair value of the assets depending on the legal form of the asset (e.g., security or loan) and the Company's standard accounting policies for the asset type and line of business.
The asset balances for unconsolidated VIEs where the Company has significant involvement represent the most current information available to the Company. In most cases, the asset balances represent an amortized cost basis without regard to impairments in fair value, unless fair value information is readily available to the Company. For VIEs that obtain asset exposures synthetically through derivative instruments (for example, synthetic CDOs), the tables generally include the full original notional amount of the derivative as an asset balance.
The maximum funded exposure represents the balance sheet carrying amount of the Company's investment in the VIE. It reflects the initial amount of cash invested in the VIE adjusted for any accrued interest and cash principal payments received. The carrying amount may also be adjusted for increases or declines in fair value or any impairment in value recognized in earnings. The maximum exposure of unfunded positions represents the remaining undrawn committed amount, including liquidity and credit facilities provided by the Company, or the notional amount of a derivative instrument considered to be a variable interest. In certain transactions, the Company has entered into derivative instruments or other arrangements that are not considered variable interests in the VIE (e.g., interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps, or where the Company is the purchaser of credit protection under a credit default swap or total return swap where the Company pays the total return on certain assets to the SPE). Receivables under such arrangements are not included in the maximum exposure amounts.
171
Funding Commitments for Significant Unconsolidated VIEs—Liquidity Facilities and Loan Commitments
The following tables present the notional amount of liquidity facilities and loan commitments that are classified as funding commitments in the VIE tables above as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Total Citigroup funding commitments
Citicorp and Citi Holdings Consolidated VIEs
The Company engages in on-balance-sheet securitizations which are securitizations that do not qualify for sales treatment; thus, the assets remain on the Company's balance sheet. The consolidated VIEs included in the tables below represent hundreds of separate entities with which the Company is involved. In general, the third-party investors in the obligations of consolidated VIEs have legal recourse only to the assets of the VIEs and do not have such recourse to the Company, except where the Company has provided a guarantee to the investors or is the counterparty to certain derivative transactions involving the VIE. In addition, the assets are generally restricted only to pay such liabilities.
Thus, the Company's maximum legal exposure to loss related to consolidated VIEs is significantly less than the carrying value of the consolidated VIE assets due to outstanding third-party financing. Intercompany assets and liabilities are excluded from the table. All assets are restricted from being sold or pledged as collateral. The cash flows from these assets are the only source used to pay down the associated liabilities, which are non-recourse to the Company's general assets.
The following table presents the carrying amounts and classifications of consolidated assets that are collateral for consolidated VIE and SPE obligations as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Cash
172
Citicorp and Citi Holdings Significant Interests in Unconsolidated VIEs—Balance Sheet Classification
The following table presents the carrying amounts and classification of significant variable interests in unconsolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Credit Card Securitizations
The Company securitizes credit card receivables through trusts that are established to purchase the receivables. Citigroup transfers receivables into the trusts on a non-recourse basis. Credit card securitizations are revolving securitizations; as customers pay their credit card balances, the cash proceeds are used to purchase new receivables and replenish the receivables in the trust.
Substantially all of the Company's credit card securitization activity is through two trusts—Citibank Credit Card Master Trust (Master Trust) and the Citibank Omni Master Trust (Omni Trust). These trusts are treated as consolidated entities because, as servicer, Citigroup has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts, holds a seller's interest and certain securities issued by the trusts, and provides liquidity facilities to the trusts, which could result in potentially significant losses or benefits from the trusts. Accordingly, the transferred credit card receivables remain on Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet with no gain or loss recognized. The debt issued by the trusts to third parties is included in Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company relies on securitizations to fund a significant portion of its credit card businesses in North America. The following table reflects amounts related to the Company's securitized credit card receivables as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Ownership interests in principal amount of trust credit card receivables
Sold to investors via trust-issued securities
Retained by Citigroup as trust-issued securities
Retained by Citigroup via non-certificated interests(1)
Total ownership interests in principal amount of trust credit card receivables
Credit Card Securitizations—Citicorp
The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to Citicorp's credit card securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Proceeds from new securitizations
Pay down of maturing notes
Credit Card Securitizations—Citi Holdings
The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to Citi Holding's credit card securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
173
Managed Loans
After securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for receivables transferred to the trusts. As a result, the Company considers the securitized credit card receivables to be part of the business it manages. As Citigroup consolidates the credit card trusts, all managed securitized card receivables are on-balance sheet.
Funding, Liquidity Facilities and Subordinated Interests
As noted above, Citigroup securitizes credit card receivables through two securitization trusts—Master Trust, which is part of Citicorp, and Omni Trust, which is also substantially part of Citicorp. The liabilities of the trusts are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, excluding those retained by Citigroup.
Master Trust issues fixed- and floating-rate term notes. Some of the term notes are issued to multi-seller commercial paper conduits. The weighted average maturity of the term notes issued by the Master Trust was 3.6 years as of June 30, 2013 and 3.8 years as of December 31, 2012.
Master Trust Liabilities (at par value)
Term notes issued to third parties
Term notes retained by Citigroup affiliates
Total Master Trust liabilities
The Omni Trust issues fixed- and floating-rate term notes, some of which are purchased by multi-seller commercial paper conduits. The weighted average maturity of the third-party term notes issued by the Omni Trust was 1.2 years as of June 30, 2013 and 1.7 years as of December 31, 2012.
Omni Trust Liabilities (at par value)
Total Omni Trust liabilities
Mortgage Securitizations
The Company provides a wide range of mortgage loan products to a diverse customer base. Once originated, the Company often securitizes these loans through the use of SPEs. These SPEs are funded through the issuance of trust certificates backed solely by the transferred assets. These certificates have the same life as the transferred assets. In addition to providing a source of liquidity and less expensive funding, securitizing these assets also reduces the Company's credit exposure to the borrowers. These mortgage loan securitizations are primarily non-recourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchasers of the securities issued by the trust. However, the Company's Consumer business generally retains the servicing rights and in certain instances retains investment securities, interest-only strips and residual interests in future cash flows from the trusts and also provides servicing for a limited number of Securities and Banking securitizations. Securities and Banking and Special Asset Pool do not retain servicing for their mortgage securitizations.
The Company securitizes mortgage loans generally through either a government-sponsored agency, such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac (U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages), or private-label (non-agency-sponsored mortgages) securitization. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of its U.S. agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations because Citigroup does not have the power to direct the activities of the SPE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. Therefore, Citi does not consolidate these U.S. agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations.
The Company does not consolidate certain non-agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations because Citi is either not the servicer with the power to direct the significant activities of the entity or Citi is the servicer but the servicing relationship is deemed to be a fiduciary relationship and, therefore, Citi is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the entity.
In certain instances, the Company has (i) the power to direct the activities and (ii) the obligation to either absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to its non-agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations and, therefore, is the primary beneficiary and thus consolidates the SPE.
174
Mortgage Securitizations—Citicorp
The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to Citicorp mortgage securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Contractual servicing fees received
Gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages were $142.9 million and $144.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of non-agency sponsored mortgages were $23.7 million and $31.6 million, respectively.
Gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages were $3.0 million and $5.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of non-agency sponsored mortgages were $(1.0) million and $(1.5) million, respectively.
Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization of mortgage receivables for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
Discount rate
Weighted average discount rate
Constant prepayment rate
Weighted average constant prepayment rate
Anticipated net credit losses(2)
Weighted average anticipated net credit losses
Weighted average life
175
176
The interests retained by the Company range from highly rated and/or senior in the capital structure to unrated and/or residual interests.
At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the key assumptions used to value retained interests, and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions, are set forth in the tables below. The negative effect of each change is calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.
Carrying value of retained interests
Discount rates
Adverse change of 10%
Adverse change of 20%
Anticipated net credit losses
177
Mortgage Securitizations—Citi Holdings
The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to Citi Holdings mortgage securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages were $4.4 million and $6.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. Gains recognized on the securitization of U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages were $10.6 million and $30.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. The Company did not securitize non-agency-sponsored mortgages for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Similar to Citicorp mortgage securitizations discussed above, the range in the key assumptions is due to the different characteristics of the interests retained by the Company. The interests retained range from highly rated and/or senior in the capital structure to unrated and/or residual interests.
At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the key assumptions used to value retained interests, and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions, are set forth in the tables below. The negative effect of each change is calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.
178
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In connection with the securitization of mortgage loans, the Company's U.S. Consumer mortgage business generally retains the servicing rights, which entitle the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the outstanding principal balances of the loans and the contractual servicing fee. Failure to service the loans in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees.
The fair value of capitalized mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) was $2.5 billion and $2.1 billion at June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The MSRs correspond to principal loan balances of $301 billion and $367 billion as of June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The following tables summarize the changes in capitalized MSRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Balance, as of March 31
Originations
Changes in fair value of MSRs due to changes in inputs and assumptions
Other changes(1)
Sale of MSRs
Balance, as of June 30
The fair value of the MSRs is primarily affected by changes in prepayments of mortgages that result from shifts in mortgage interest rates. In managing this risk, the Company economically hedges a significant portion of the value of its MSRs through the use of interest rate derivative contracts, forward purchase and sale commitments of mortgage-backed securities and purchased securities classified as Trading account assets.
The Company receives fees during the course of servicing previously securitized mortgages. The amounts of these fees for the three and six months ended June 30 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
Servicing fees
Late fees
Ancillary fees
Total MSR fees
These fees are classified in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Other revenue.
Re-securitizations
The Company engages in re-securitization transactions in which debt securities are transferred to a VIE in exchange for new beneficial interests. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, Citi transferred non-agency (private-label) securities with an original par value of approximately $152 million and $396 million, respectively, to re-securitization entities, compared to $283 million and $792 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012. These securities are backed by either residential or commercial mortgages and are often structured on behalf of clients.
As of June 30, 2013, the fair value of Citi-retained interests in private-label re-securitization transactions structured by Citi totaled approximately $376 million ($78 million of which related to re-securitization transactions executed in 2013), and are recorded in Trading account assets. Of this amount, approximately $28 million was related to senior beneficial interests, and approximately $348 million was related to subordinated beneficial interests. As of December 31, 2012, the fair value of Citi retained interests in private label re-securitization transactions structured by Citi totaled approximately $380 million ($128 million of which related to re-securitization transactions executed in 2012). Of this amount, approximately $11 million was related to senior beneficial interests, and approximately $369 million was related to subordinated beneficial interests. The original par value of private-label re-securitization transactions in which Citi holds a retained interest as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was approximately $5.9 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively.
The Company also re-securitizes U.S. government-agency guaranteed mortgage-backed (agency) securities. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, Citi transferred agency securities with a fair value of approximately $7.3 billion and $14.8 billion, respectively, to re-securitization entities, compared to approximately $7.4 billion and $14.6 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, the fair value of Citi-retained interests in agency re-securitization transactions structured by Citi totaled approximately $1.6 billion ($1.2 billion of which related to re-securitization transactions executed in 2013) compared to $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2012 ($1.1 billion of which related to re-securitization transactions executed in 2012), which is recorded in Trading account assets. The original fair value of agency re-securitization transactions in which Citi holds a retained interest as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was approximately $72.7 billion and $71.2 billion, respectively.
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company did not consolidate any private-label or agency re-securitization entities.
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Citi-Administered Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Conduits
The Company is active in the asset-backed commercial paper conduit business as administrator of several multi-seller commercial paper conduits and also as a service provider to single-seller and other commercial paper conduits sponsored by third parties.
Citi's multi-seller commercial paper conduits are designed to provide the Company's clients access to low-cost funding in the commercial paper markets. The conduits purchase assets from or provide financing facilities to clients and are funded by issuing commercial paper to third-party investors. The conduits generally do not purchase assets originated by the Company. The funding of the conduits is facilitated by the liquidity support and credit enhancements provided by the Company.
As administrator to Citi's conduits, the Company is generally responsible for selecting and structuring assets purchased or financed by the conduits, making decisions regarding the funding of the conduits, including determining the tenor and other features of the commercial paper issued, monitoring the quality and performance of the conduits' assets, and facilitating the operations and cash flows of the conduits. In return, the Company earns structuring fees from customers for individual transactions and earns an administration fee from the conduit, which is equal to the income from the client program and liquidity fees of the conduit after payment of conduit expenses. This administration fee is fairly stable, since most risks and rewards of the underlying assets are passed back to the clients. Once the asset pricing is negotiated, most ongoing income, costs and fees are relatively stable as a percentage of the conduit's size.
The conduits administered by the Company do not generally invest in liquid securities that are formally rated by third parties. The assets are privately negotiated and structured transactions that are generally designed to be held by the conduit, rather than actively traded and sold. The yield earned by the conduit on each asset is generally tied to the rate on the commercial paper issued by the conduit, thus passing interest rate risk to the client. Each asset purchased by the conduit is structured with transaction-specific credit enhancement features provided by the third-party client seller, including over collateralization, cash and excess spread collateral accounts, direct recourse or third-party guarantees. These credit enhancements are sized with the objective of approximating a credit rating of A or above, based on the Company's internal risk ratings. At the respective periods ended June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the conduits had approximately $29 billion and $30 billion of purchased assets outstanding, respectively, and had incremental funding commitments with clients of approximately $15 billion and $14 billion, respectively.
Substantially all of the funding of the conduits is in the form of short-term commercial paper, with a weighted average life generally ranging from 25 to 50 days. At the respective periods ended June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the weighted average lives of the commercial paper issued by the conduits were approximately 44 and 38 days, respectively.
The primary credit enhancement provided to the conduit investors is in the form of transaction-specific credit enhancements described above. One conduit holds only loans that are fully guaranteed primarily by AAA-rated government agencies that support export and development financing programs. In addition to the transaction-specific credit enhancements, the conduits, other than the government guaranteed loan conduit, have obtained a letter of credit from the Company, which is equal to at least 8-10% of the conduit's assets with a minimum of $200 million. The letters of credit provided by the Company to the conduits total approximately $2.2 billion and $2.1 billion as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The net result across multi-seller conduits administered by the Company, other than the government guaranteed loan conduit, is that, in the event defaulted assets exceed the transaction-specific credit enhancements described above, any losses in each conduit are allocated first to the Company and then the commercial paper investors.
The Company also provides the conduits with two forms of liquidity agreements that are used to provide funding to the conduits in the event of a market disruption, among other events. Each asset of the conduits is supported by a transaction-specific liquidity facility in the form of an asset purchase agreement (APA). Under the APA, the Company has generally agreed to purchase non-defaulted eligible receivables from the conduit at par. The APA is not generally designed to provide credit support to the conduit, as it generally does not permit the purchase of defaulted or impaired assets. Any funding under the APA will likely subject the underlying conduit clients to increased interest costs. In addition, the Company provides the conduits with program-wide liquidity in the form of short-term lending commitments. Under these commitments, the Company has agreed to lend to the conduits in the event of a short-term disruption in the commercial paper market, subject to specified conditions. The Company receives fees for providing both types of liquidity agreements and considers these fees to be on fair market terms.
Finally, the Company is one of several named dealers in the commercial paper issued by the conduits and earns a market-based fee for providing such services. Along with third-party dealers, the Company makes a market in the commercial paper and may from time to time fund commercial paper pending sale to a third party. On specific dates with less liquidity in the market, the Company may hold in inventory commercial paper issued by conduits administered by the Company, as well as conduits administered by third parties. The amount of commercial paper issued by its administered conduits held in inventory fluctuates based on market conditions and activity. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company owned $10.4 billion and $11.7 billion, respectively, of the commercial paper issued by its administered conduits.
The asset-backed commercial paper conduits are consolidated by the Company. The Company determined that through its roles as administrator and liquidity provider it had the power to direct the activities that most significantly impacted the entities' economic performance. These powers included its ability to structure and approve the assets purchased by the conduits, its ongoing surveillance and credit mitigation activities, its ability to sell or repurchase assets out of the conduits, and its liability management. In addition, as a result of all the Company's involvement described above, it was concluded that the Company had an economic interest that could potentially be significant. However, the assets and liabilities of the conduits are separate and apart from those of Citigroup. No assets of any conduit are available to satisfy the creditors of Citigroup or any of its other subsidiaries.
During the second quarter of 2013, Citi consolidated the government guaranteed loan conduit it administers that was previously not consolidated due to changes in the primary risks and design of the conduit which were identified as a reconsideration event. Citi, as the administrator and liquidity provider, previously determined it had an economic interest that could potentially be significant. Upon the reconsideration event,
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it was determined that Citi now had the power to direct the activities that most significantly impacted the conduit's economic performance. The impact of the consolidation resulted in an increase of assets and liabilities of approximately $7 billion, each, and a net pretax gain to the Consolidated Statement of Income of approximately $40 million.
Collateralized Debt and Loan Obligations
A securitized collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is an SPE that purchases a pool of assets consisting of asset-backed securities and synthetic exposures through derivatives on asset-backed securities and issues multiple tranches of equity and notes to investors.
A cash CDO, or arbitrage CDO, is a CDO designed to take advantage of the difference between the yield on a portfolio of selected assets, typically residential mortgage-backed securities, and the cost of funding the CDO through the sale of notes to investors. "Cash flow" CDOs are entities in which the CDO passes on cash flows from a pool of assets, while "market value" CDOs pay to investors the market value of the pool of assets owned by the CDO at maturity. In these transactions, all of the equity and notes issued by the CDO are funded, as the cash is needed to purchase the debt securities.
A synthetic CDO is similar to a cash CDO, except that the CDO obtains exposure to all or a portion of the referenced assets synthetically through derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps. Because the CDO does not need to raise cash sufficient to purchase the entire referenced portfolio, a substantial portion of the senior tranches of risk is typically passed on to CDO investors in the form of unfunded liabilities or derivative instruments. The CDO writes credit protection on select referenced debt securities to the Company or third parties. Risk is then passed on to the CDO investors in the form of funded notes or purchased credit protection through derivative instruments. Any cash raised from investors is invested in a portfolio of collateral securities or investment contracts. The collateral is then used to support the obligations of the CDO on the credit default swaps written to counterparties.
A securitized collateralized loan obligation (CLO) is substantially similar to the CDO transactions described above, except that the assets owned by the SPE (either cash instruments or synthetic exposures through derivative instruments) are corporate loans and to a lesser extent corporate bonds, rather than asset-backed debt securities.
A third-party asset manager is typically retained by the CDO/CLO to select the pool of assets and manage those assets over the term of the SPE. The Company is the manager for a limited number of CLO transactions over the term of the SPE.
The Company earns fees for warehousing assets prior to the creation of a "cash flow" or "market value" CDO/CLO, structuring CDOs/CLOs and placing debt securities with investors. In addition, the Company has retained interests in many of the CDOs/CLOs it has structured and makes a market in the issued notes.
The Company's continuing involvement in synthetic CDOs/CLOs generally includes purchasing credit protection through credit default swaps with the CDO/CLO, owning a portion of the capital structure of the CDO/CLO in the form of both unfunded derivative positions (primarily super-senior exposures discussed below) and funded notes, entering into interest-rate swap and total-return swap transactions with the CDO/CLO, lending to the CDO/CLO, and making a market in the funded notes.
Where a CDO/CLO entity issues preferred shares (or subordinated notes that are the equivalent form), the preferred shares generally represent an insufficient amount of equity (less than 10%) and create the presumption that preferred shares are insufficient to finance the entity's activities without subordinated financial support. In addition, although the preferred shareholders generally have full exposure to expected losses on the collateral and uncapped potential to receive expected residual returns, they generally do not have the ability to make decisions significantly affecting the entity's financial results because of their limited role in making day-to-day decisions and their limited ability to remove the asset manager. Because one or both of the above conditions will generally be met, the Company has concluded, even where a CDO/CLO entity issued preferred shares, the entity should be classified as a VIE.
In general, the asset manager, through its ability to purchase and sell assets or—where the reinvestment period of a CDO/CLO has expired—the ability to sell assets, will have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CDO/CLO. However, where a CDO/CLO has experienced an event of default or an optional redemption period has gone into effect, the activities of the asset manager may be curtailed and/or certain additional rights will generally be provided to the investors in a CDO/CLO entity, including the right to direct the liquidation of the CDO/CLO entity.
The Company has retained significant portions of the "super-senior" positions issued by certain CDOs. These positions are referred to as "super-senior" because they represent the most senior positions in the CDO and, at the time of structuring, were senior to tranches rated AAA by independent rating agencies.
The Company does not generally have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CDOs/CLOs as this power is generally held by a third-party asset manager of the CDO/CLO. As such, those CDOs/CLOs are not consolidated. The Company may consolidate the CDO/CLO when: (i) the Company is the asset manager and no other single investor has the unilateral ability to remove the Company or unilaterally cause the liquidation of the CDO/CLO, or the Company is not the asset manager but has a unilateral right to remove the third-party asset manager or unilaterally liquidate the CDO/CLO and receive the underlying assets, and (ii) the Company has economic exposure to the entity that could be potentially significant to the entity.
The Company continues to monitor its involvement in unconsolidated CDOs/CLOs to assess future consolidation risk. For example, if the Company were to acquire additional interests in these entities and obtain the right, due to an event of default trigger being met, to unilaterally liquidate or direct the activities of a CDO/CLO, the Company may be required to consolidate the asset entity. For cash CDOs/CLOs, the net result of such consolidation would be to gross up the Company's balance sheet by the current fair value of the securities held by third parties and assets held by the CDO/CLO, which amounts are not considered material. For synthetic CDOs/CLOs, the net result of such consolidation may reduce the Company's balance sheet, because intercompany derivative receivables and payables would be eliminated in consolidation, and other assets held by
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the CDO/CLO and the securities held by third parties would be recognized at their current fair values.
Key Assumptions and Retained Interests—Citi Holdings
At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the key assumptions used to value retained interests, and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions, are set forth in the tables below:
Asset-Based Financing
The Company provides loans and other forms of financing to VIEs that hold assets. Those loans are subject to the same credit approvals as all other loans originated or purchased by the Company. Financings in the form of debt securities or derivatives are, in most circumstances, reported in Trading account assets and accounted for at fair value through earnings. The Company generally does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact these VIEs' economic performance and thus it does not consolidate them.
Asset-Based Financing—Citicorp
The primary types of Citicorp's asset-based financings, total assets of the unconsolidated VIEs with significant involvement and the Company's maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are shown below. For the Company to realize that maximum loss, the VIE (borrower) would have to default with no recovery from the assets held by the VIE.
Type
Commercial and other real estate
Hedge funds and equities
Airplanes, ships and other assets
The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to asset-based financings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows
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The effect of adverse changes of 10% and 20% in the discount rate used to determine the fair value of retained interests at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are set forth below:
Value of underlying portfolio
Asset-Based Financing—Citi Holdings
The primary types of Citi Holdings' asset-based financing, total assets of the unconsolidated VIEs with significant involvement and the Company's maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are shown below. For the Company to realize that maximum loss, the VIE (borrower) would have to default with no recovery from the assets held by the VIE.
The effects of adverse changes of 10% and 20% in the discount rate used to determine the fair value of retained interests at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are set forth below:
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Municipal Securities Tender Option Bond (TOB) Trusts
TOB trusts hold fixed- and floating-rate, taxable and tax-exempt securities issued by state and local governments and municipalities. The trusts are typically single-issuer trusts whose assets are purchased from the Company or from other investors in the municipal securities market. The TOB trusts fund the purchase of their assets by issuing long-term, putable floating rate certificates (Floaters) and residual certificates (Residuals). The trusts are referred to as TOB trusts because the Floater holders have the ability to tender their interests periodically back to the issuing trust, as described further below. The Floaters and Residuals evidence beneficial ownership interests in, and are collateralized by, the underlying assets of the trust. The Floaters are held by third-party investors, typically tax-exempt money market funds. The Residuals are typically held by the original owner of the municipal securities being financed.
The Floaters and the Residuals have a tenor that is equal to or shorter than the tenor of the underlying municipal bonds. The Residuals entitle their holders to the residual cash flows from the issuing trust, the interest income generated by the underlying municipal securities net of interest paid on the Floaters, and trust expenses. The Residuals are rated based on the long-term rating of the underlying municipal bond. The Floaters bear variable interest rates that are reset periodically to a new market rate based on a spread to a high grade, short-term, tax-exempt index. The Floaters have a long-term rating based on the long-term rating of the underlying municipal bond and a short-term rating based on that of the liquidity provider to the trust.
There are two kinds of TOB trusts: customer TOB trusts and non-customer TOB trusts. Customer TOB trusts are trusts through which customers finance their investments in municipal securities. The Residuals are held by customers and the Floaters by third-party investors, typically tax-exempt money market funds. Non-customer TOB trusts are trusts through which the Company finances its own investments in municipal securities. In such trusts, the Company holds the Residuals and third-party investors, typically tax-exempt money market funds, hold the Floaters.
The Company serves as remarketing agent to the trusts, placing the Floaters with third-party investors at inception, facilitating the periodic reset of the variable rate of interest on the Floaters and remarketing any tendered Floaters. If Floaters are tendered and the Company (in its role as remarketing agent) is unable to find a new investor within a specified period of time, it can declare a failed remarketing, in which case the trust is unwound. The Company may, but is not obligated to, buy the Floaters into its own inventory. The level of the Company's inventory of Floaters fluctuates over time. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company held $195 million and $203 million, respectively, of Floaters related to both customer and non-customer TOB trusts.
For certain non-customer trusts, the Company also provides credit enhancement. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, approximately $219 million and $184 million respectively, of the municipal bonds owned by TOB trusts have a credit guarantee provided by the Company.
The Company provides liquidity to many of the outstanding trusts. If a trust is unwound early due to an event other than a credit event on the underlying municipal bond, the underlying municipal bonds are sold in the market. If there is a shortfall in the trust's cash flows between the redemption price of the tendered Floaters and the proceeds from the sale of the underlying municipal bonds, the trust draws on a liquidity agreement in an amount equal to the shortfall. For customer TOBs where the Residual is less than 25% of the trust's capital structure, the Company has a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder under which the Residual holder reimburses the Company for any payment made under the liquidity arrangement. Through this reimbursement agreement, the Residual holder remains economically exposed to fluctuations in value of the underlying municipal bonds. These reimbursement agreements are generally subject to daily margining based on changes in value of the underlying municipal bond. In cases where a third party provides liquidity to a non-customer TOB trust, a similar reimbursement arrangement is made whereby the Company (or a consolidated subsidiary of the Company) as Residual holder absorbs any losses incurred by the liquidity provider.
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, liquidity agreements provided with respect to customer TOB trusts totaled $4.5 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, of which $3.2 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, were offset by reimbursement agreements. For the remaining exposure related to TOB transactions, where the Residual owned by the customer was at least 25% of the bond value at the inception of the transaction, no reimbursement agreement was executed. The Company also provides other liquidity agreements or letters of credit to customer-sponsored municipal investment funds, which are not variable interest entities, and municipality-related issuers that totaled $7.2 billion and $6.4 billion as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. These liquidity agreements and letters of credit are offset by reimbursement agreements with various term-out provisions.
The Company considers the customer and non-customer TOB trusts to be VIEs. Customer TOB trusts are not consolidated by the Company. The Company has concluded that the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the customer TOB trusts is primarily held by the customer Residual holder, which may unilaterally cause the sale of the trust's bonds.
Non-customer TOB trusts generally are consolidated. Similar to customer TOB trusts, the Company has concluded that the power over the non-customer TOB trusts is primarily held by the Residual holder, which may unilaterally cause the sale of the trust's bonds. Because the Company holds the Residual interest, and thus has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trust's economic performance, it consolidates the non-customer TOB trusts.
Municipal Investments
Municipal investment transactions include debt and equity interests in partnerships that finance the construction and rehabilitation of low-income housing, facilitate lending in new or underserved markets, or finance the construction or operation of renewable municipal energy facilities. The Company generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits and grants earned from the investments made by the partnership. The Company may also provide construction loans or permanent loans to the development or operations of real estate properties held by partnerships. These entities are generally considered VIEs. The power to direct the activities of these entities is typically held by the general partner. Accordingly, these entities are not consolidated by the Company.
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Client Intermediation
Client intermediation transactions represent a range of transactions designed to provide investors with specified returns based on the returns of an underlying security, referenced asset or index. These transactions include credit-linked notes and equity-linked notes. In these transactions, the VIE typically obtains exposure to the underlying security, referenced asset or index through a derivative instrument, such as a total-return swap or a credit-default swap. In turn the VIE issues notes to investors that pay a return based on the specified underlying security, referenced asset or index. The VIE invests the proceeds in a financial asset or a guaranteed insurance contract that serves as collateral for the derivative contract over the term of the transaction. The Company's involvement in these transactions includes being the counterparty to the VIE's derivative instruments and investing in a portion of the notes issued by the VIE. In certain transactions, the investor's maximum risk of loss is limited and the Company absorbs risk of loss above a specified level. The Company does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance and thus it does not consolidate them.
The Company's maximum risk of loss in these transactions is defined as the amount invested in notes issued by the VIE and the notional amount of any risk of loss absorbed by the Company through a separate instrument issued by the VIE. The derivative instrument held by the Company may generate a receivable from the VIE (for example, where the Company purchases credit protection from the VIE in connection with the VIE's issuance of a credit-linked note), which is collateralized by the assets owned by the VIE. These derivative instruments are not considered variable interests and any associated receivables are not included in the calculation of maximum exposure to the VIE.
Investment Funds
The Company is the investment manager for certain investment funds that invest in various asset classes including private equity, hedge funds, real estate, fixed income and infrastructure. The Company earns a management fee, which is a percentage of capital under management, and may earn performance fees. In addition, for some of these funds the Company has an ownership interest in the investment funds. The Company has also established a number of investment funds as opportunities for qualified employees to invest in private equity investments. The Company acts as investment manager to these funds and may provide employees with financing on both recourse and non-recourse bases for a portion of the employees' investment commitments.
The Company has determined that a majority of the investment entities managed by Citigroup are provided a deferral from the requirements of SFAS 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), because they meet the criteria in Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-10, Consolidation (Topic 810), Amendments for Certain Investment Funds (ASU 2010-10). These entities continue to be evaluated under the requirements of ASC 810-10, prior to the implementation of SFAS 167 (FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities), which required that a VIE be consolidated by the party with a variable interest that will absorb a majority of the entity's expected losses or residual returns, or both.
Trust Preferred Securities
The Company has raised financing through the issuance of trust preferred securities. In these transactions, the Company forms a statutory business trust and owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust. The trust issues preferred equity securities to third-party investors and invests the gross proceeds in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the Company. The trusts have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of the preferred equity securities held by third-party investors. Obligations of the trusts are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company.
Because the sole asset of each of the trusts is a receivable from the Company and the proceeds to the Company from the receivable exceed the Company's investment in the VIE's equity shares, the Company is not permitted to consolidate the trusts, even though it owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust, has fully guaranteed the trusts' obligations, and has the right to redeem the preferred securities in certain circumstances. The Company recognizes the subordinated debentures on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as long-term liabilities. For additional information, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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20. DERIVATIVES ACTIVITIES
In the ordinary course of business, Citigroup enters into various types of derivative transactions. These derivative transactions include:
Citigroup enters into these derivative contracts relating to interest rate, foreign currency, commodity and other market/credit risks for the following reasons:
Derivatives may expose Citigroup to market, credit or liquidity risks in excess of the amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Market risk on a derivative product is the exposure created by potential fluctuations in interest rates, foreign-exchange rates and other factors and is a function of the type of product, the volume of transactions, the tenor and terms of the agreement and the underlying volatility. Credit risk is the exposure to loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the transaction where the value of any collateral held is not adequate to cover such losses. The recognition in earnings of unrealized gains on these transactions is subject to management's assessment as to collectability. Liquidity risk is the potential exposure that arises when the size of the derivative position may not be able to be rapidly adjusted at a reasonable cost in periods of high volatility and financial stress.
Derivative transactions are customarily documented under industry standard master agreements and credit support annexes, which provide that following an uncured payment default or other event of default the non-defaulting party may promptly terminate all transactions between the parties and determine a net amount due to be paid to, or by, the defaulting party. Events of default generally include: (i) failure to make a payment on a derivatives transaction (which remains uncured following applicable notice and grace periods), (ii) breach of a covenant (which remains uncured after applicable notice and grace periods), (iii) breach of a representation, (iv) cross default, either to third-party debt or to another derivatives transaction entered into among the parties, or, in some cases, their affiliates, (v) the occurrence of a merger or consolidation which results in a party becoming a materially weaker credit, and (vi) the cessation or repudiation of any applicable guarantee or other credit support document. An event of default may also occur under a credit support annex if a party fails to make a collateral delivery (which remains uncured following applicable notice and grace periods).
The enforceability of offsetting rights incorporated in the master netting agreements for derivative transactions is evidenced to the extent that a supportive legal opinion has been obtained from counsel of recognized standing which provides the requisite level of certainty regarding the enforceability of these agreements and that the exercise of rights by the non-defaulting party to terminate and close-out transactions on a net basis under these agreements will not be stayed, or avoided under applicable law upon an event of default including bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding.
Exposure to credit risk on derivatives is impacted by market volatility, which may impair the ability of clients to satisfy their obligations to the Company. Credit limits are established and closely monitored for customers engaged in derivatives transactions. Citi considers the level of legal certainty regarding enforceability of its offsetting rights under master netting
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agreements and credit support annexes to be an important factor in its risk management process. For example, because derivatives executed under master netting agreements where Citi does not have the requisite level of legal certainty regarding enforceability consume much greater amounts of single counterparty credit limits than those executed under enforceable master netting agreements, Citi generally transacts much lower volumes of derivatives under master netting agreements where Citi does not have the requisite level of legal certainty regarding enforceability.
Cash collateral and security collateral in the form of G10 government debt securities is generally posted to secure the net open exposure of derivative transactions, at a counterparty level, whereby the receiving party is free to comingle/rehypothecate such collateral in the ordinary course of its business. Nonstandard collateral such as corporate bonds, municipal bonds, U.S. agency securities and/or MBS may also be pledged as collateral for derivative transactions. Security collateral posted to open and maintain a master netting agreement with a counterparty, in the form of cash and securities, may from time to time be segregated in an account at a third-party custodian pursuant to a tri-party Account Control Agreement.
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Information pertaining to the volume of derivative activity is provided in the tables below. The notional amounts, for both long and short derivative positions, of Citigroup's derivative instruments as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are presented in the table below.
Derivative Notionals
Swaps
Futures and forwards
Written options
Purchased options
Total interest rate contract notionals
Total foreign exchange contract notionals
Equity contracts
Total equity contract notionals
Commodity and other contracts
Total commodity and other contract notionals
Credit derivatives(4)
Protection sold
Protection purchased
Total credit derivatives
Total derivative notionals
The following tables present the gross and net fair values of the Company's derivative transactions, and the related offsetting amount permitted under ASC 210-20-45 and 815-10-45, as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Under ASC 210-20-45, gross positive fair values are offset against gross negative fair values by counterparty pursuant to enforceable master netting agreements. Under ASC 815-10-45, payables and receivables in respect of cash collateral received from or paid to a given counterparty pursuant to an enforceable credit support annex are included in the offsetting amount. U.S. GAAP does not permit offsetting for security collateral posted. The table also includes amounts that are not permitted to be offset under ASC 210-20-45 and 815-10-45, such as security collateral posted or cash collateral posted at third-party custodians, but would be eligible for offsetting to the extent an event of default occurred and a legal opinion supporting enforceability of the offsetting rights has been obtained.
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Derivative Mark-to-Market (MTM) Receivables/Payables
Derivatives instruments designated as ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedges
Over-the-counter
Cleared
Exchange traded
Credit Derivatives
Total derivative instruments designated as ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedges
Derivatives instruments not designated as ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedges
Total derivatives instruments not designated as ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedges
Total derivatives
Cash collateral paid/received(5)(6)
Less: Netting agreements(7)
Less: Netting cash collateral received/paid(8)
Net receivables/payables(9)
Additional amounts subject to an enforceable master netting agreement but not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Less: Does not meet applicable offsetting guidance
Less: Cash collateral received/paid
Less: Non-cash collateral received/paid
Total Net receivables/payables(9)
190
Interest Rate contracts
Credit derivatives
Commodity and other Contracts
Total Derivatives instruments not designated as ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedges
191
The amounts recognized in Principal transactions in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 related to derivatives not designated in a qualifying hedging relationship as well as the underlying non-derivative instruments are presented in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Citigroup presents this disclosure by business classification, showing derivative gains and losses related to its trading activities together with gains and losses related to non-derivative instruments within the same trading portfolios, as this represents the way these portfolios are risk managed.
The amounts recognized in Other revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 are shown below. The table below does not include the offsetting gains/losses on the hedged items, which amounts are also recorded in Other revenue.
Total Citigroup(1)
Accounting for Derivative Hedging
Citigroup accounts for its hedging activities in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (formerly SFAS 133). As a general rule, hedge accounting is permitted where the Company is exposed to a particular risk, such as interest-rate or foreign-exchange risk, that causes changes in the fair value of an asset or liability or variability in the expected future cash flows of an existing asset, liability or a forecasted transaction that may affect earnings.
Derivative contracts hedging the risks associated with the changes in fair value are referred to as fair value hedges, while contracts hedging the risks affecting the expected future cash flows are called cash flow hedges. Hedges that utilize derivatives or debt instruments to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with equity investments in non-U.S.-dollar-functional-currency foreign subsidiaries (net investment in a foreign operation) are called net investment hedges.
If certain hedging criteria specified in ASC 815 are met, including testing for hedge effectiveness, special hedge accounting may be applied. The hedge effectiveness assessment methodologies for similar hedges are performed in a similar manner and are used consistently throughout the hedging relationships. For fair value hedges, the changes in value of the hedging derivative, as well as the changes in value of the related hedged item due to the risk being hedged, are reflected in current earnings. For cash flow hedges and net investment hedges, the changes in value of the hedging derivative are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in Citigroup's stockholders' equity, to the extent the hedge is effective. Hedge ineffectiveness, in either case, is reflected in current earnings.
For asset/liability management hedging, the fixed-rate long-term debt would be recorded at amortized cost under current U.S. GAAP. However, by electing to use ASC 815 (SFAS 133) fair value hedge accounting, the carrying value of the debt is adjusted for changes in the benchmark interest rate, with any such changes in value recorded in current earnings. The related interest-rate swap is also recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, with any changes in fair value reflected in earnings. Thus, any ineffectiveness resulting from the hedging relationship is recorded in current earnings. Alternatively, a management hedge, which does not meet the ASC 815 hedging criteria, would involve recording only the derivative at fair value on the balance sheet, with its associated changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The debt would continue to be carried at amortized cost and, therefore, current earnings would be impacted only by the interest rate shifts and other factors that cause the change in the swap's value and may change the underlying yield of the debt. This type of hedge is undertaken when hedging requirements cannot be achieved or management decides not to apply ASC 815 hedge accounting. Another alternative for the Company is to elect to carry the debt at fair value under the fair value option. Once the irrevocable election is made upon issuance of the debt, the full change in fair value of the debt would be reported in earnings. The related interest rate swap, with changes in fair value, would also be reflected in earnings,
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and provides a natural offset to the debt's fair value change. To the extent the two offsets are not exactly equal, the difference is reflected in current earnings.
Key aspects of achieving ASC 815 hedge accounting are documentation of hedging strategy and hedge effectiveness at the hedge inception and substantiating hedge effectiveness on an ongoing basis. A derivative must be highly effective in accomplishing the hedge objective of offsetting either changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item for the risk being hedged. Any ineffectiveness in the hedge relationship is recognized in current earnings. The assessment of effectiveness excludes changes in the value of the hedged item that are unrelated to the risks being hedged. Similarly, the assessment of effectiveness may exclude changes in the fair value of a derivative related to time value that, if excluded, are recognized in current earnings.
Fair Value Hedges
Hedging of benchmark interest rate risk
Citigroup hedges exposure to changes in the fair value of outstanding fixed-rate issued debt and certificates of deposit. Depending on the risk management objectives, these types of hedges are designated as either fair value hedges of only the benchmark interest rate risk or fair value hedges of both the benchmark interest rate and foreign exchange risk. The fixed cash flows from those financing transactions are converted to benchmark variable-rate cash flows by entering into, respectively, receive-fixed, pay-variable interest rate swaps or receive-fixed in non-functional currency, pay variable in functional currency swaps. These fair value hedge relationships use either regression or dollar-offset ratio analysis to determine whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis.
Citigroup also hedges exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate assets, including available-for-sale debt securities and loans. When certain interest rates do not qualify as a benchmark interest rate, Citigroup designates the risk being hedged as the risk of changes in overall fair value. The hedging instruments used are receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps. These fair value hedging relationships use either regression or dollar-offset ratio analysis to determine whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis.
Hedging of foreign exchange risk
Citigroup hedges the change in fair value attributable to foreign-exchange rate movements in available-for-sale securities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity holding the securities, which may be within or outside the U.S. The hedging instrument employed is a forward foreign-exchange contract. In this type of hedge, the change in fair value of the hedged available-for-sale security attributable to the portion of foreign exchange risk hedged is reported in earnings and not Accumulated other comprehensive income—a process that serves to offset substantially the change in fair value of the forward contract that is also reflected in earnings. Citigroup considers the premium associated with forward contracts (differential between spot and contractual forward rates) as the cost of hedging; this is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and reflected directly in earnings. The dollar-offset method is used to assess hedge effectiveness. Since that assessment is based on changes in fair value attributable to changes in spot rates on both the available-for-sale securities and the forward contracts for the portion of the relationship hedged, the amount of hedge ineffectiveness is not significant.
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The following table summarizes the gains (losses) on the Company's fair value hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Gain (loss) on the derivatives in designated and qualifying fair value hedges
Total gain (loss) on the derivatives in designated and qualifying fair value hedges
Gain (loss) on the hedged item in designated and qualifying fair value hedges
Interest rate hedges
Foreign exchange hedges
Total gain (loss) on the hedged item in designated and qualifying fair value hedges
Hedge ineffectiveness recognized in earnings on designated and qualifying fair value hedges
Total hedge ineffectiveness recognized in earnings on designated and qualifying fair value hedges
Net gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness of fair value hedges
Total net gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness of fair value hedges
Cash Flow Hedges
Citigroup hedges variable cash flows resulting from floating-rate liabilities and rollover (re-issuance) of liabilities. Variable cash flows from those liabilities are converted to fixed-rate cash flows by entering into receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps and receive-variable, pay-fixed forward-starting interest rate swaps. Citi also hedges variable cash flows from recognized and forecasted floating-rate assets and origination of short-term assets. Variable cash flows from those assets are converted to fixed-rate cash flows by entering into receive-fixed, pay-variable interest rate swaps. These cash-flow hedging relationships use either regression analysis or dollar-offset ratio analysis to assess whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis. When certain interest rates do not qualify as a benchmark interest rate, Citigroup designates the risk being hedged as the risk of overall changes in the hedged cash flows. Since efforts are made to match the terms of the derivatives to those of the hedged forecasted cash flows as closely as possible, the amount of hedge ineffectiveness is not significant.
Citigroup locks in the functional currency equivalent cash flows of long-term debt and short-term borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the issuing entity. Depending on the risk management objectives, these types of hedges are designated as either cash flow hedges of only foreign exchange risk or cash flow hedges of both foreign exchange and interest rate risk, and the hedging instruments used are foreign exchange cross-currency swaps and forward contracts. These cash flow hedge relationships use dollar-offset ratio analysis to determine whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis.
Hedging of overall changes in cash flows
Citigroup hedges the overall exposure to variability in cash flows related to the future acquisition of mortgage-backed securities using "to be announced" forward contracts. Since the hedged transaction is the gross settlement of the forward, the assessment of hedge effectiveness is based on assuring that the terms of the hedging instrument and the hedged forecasted transaction are the same.
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Hedging total return
Citigroup generally manages the risk associated with leveraged loans it has originated or in which it participates by transferring a majority of its exposure to the market through SPEs prior to or shortly after funding. Retained exposures to leveraged loans receivable are generally hedged using total return swaps.
The amount of hedge ineffectiveness on the cash flow hedges recognized in earnings for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 is not significant.
The pretax change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from cash flow hedges is presented below:
Effective portion of cash flow hedges included in AOCI
Total effective portion of cash flow hedges included in AOCI
Effective portion of cash flow hedges reclassified from AOCI to earnings
Total effective portion of cash flow hedges reclassified from AOCI to earnings(1)
For cash flow hedges, any changes in the fair value of the end-user derivative remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)on the Consolidated Balance Sheet will be included in earnings of future periods to offset the variability of the hedged cash flows when such cash flows affect earnings. The net loss associated with cash flow hedges expected to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within 12 months of June 30, 2013 is approximately $1.0 billion. The maximum length of time over which forecasted cash flows are hedged is 10 years.
The after-tax impact of cash flow hedges on AOCI is shown in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Net Investment Hedges
Consistent with ASC 830-20, Foreign Currency Matters—Foreign Currency Transactions (formerly SFAS 52, Foreign Currency Translation), ASC 815 allows hedging of the foreign currency risk of a net investment in a foreign operation. Citigroup uses foreign currency forwards, options and foreign-currency-denominated debt instruments to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with Citigroup's equity investments in several non-U.S.-dollar-functional-currency foreign subsidiaries. Citigroup records the change in the carrying amount of these investments in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Simultaneously, the effective portion of the hedge of this exposure is also recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account and the ineffective portion, if any, is immediately recorded in earnings.
For derivatives designated as net investment hedges, Citigroup follows the forward-rate method from FASB Derivative Implementation Group Issue H8 (now ASC 815-35-35-16 through 35-26), "Foreign Currency Hedges: Measuring the Amount of Ineffectiveness in a Net Investment Hedge." According to that method, all changes in fair value, including changes related to the forward-rate component of the foreign currency forward contracts and the time value of foreign currency options, are recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
For foreign-currency-denominated debt instruments that are designated as hedges of net investments, the translation gain or loss that is recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account is based on the spot exchange rate between the functional currency of the respective subsidiary and the U.S. dollar, which is the functional currency of Citigroup. To the extent the notional amount of the hedging instrument exactly matches the hedged net investment and the underlying exchange rate of the derivative hedging instrument relates to the exchange rate between the functional currency of the net investment and Citigroup's functional currency (or, in the case of a non-derivative debt instrument, such instrument is denominated in the functional currency of the net investment), no ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings.
The pretax gain (loss) recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), related to the effective portion of the net investment hedges, is $1,572 million and $2,062 million for the three-and six-month periods ended June 30, 2013, respectively and $949 million and $(1,056) million for the three-and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012, respectively.
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A credit derivative is a bilateral contract between a buyer and a seller under which the seller agrees to provide protection to the buyer against the credit risk of a particular entity ("reference entity" or "reference credit"). Credit derivatives generally require that the seller of credit protection make payments to the buyer upon the occurrence of predefined credit events (commonly referred to as "settlement triggers"). These settlement triggers are defined by the form of the derivative and the reference credit and are generally limited to the market standard of failure to pay on indebtedness and bankruptcy of the reference credit and, in a more limited range of transactions, debt restructuring. Credit derivative transactions referring to emerging market reference credits will also typically include additional settlement triggers to cover the acceleration of indebtedness and the risk of repudiation or a payment moratorium. In certain transactions, protection may be provided on a portfolio of reference credits or asset-backed securities. The seller of such protection may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of losses has occurred with respect to the portfolio and/or may only be required to pay for losses up to a specified amount.
The Company makes markets and trades a range of credit derivatives. Through these contracts, the Company either purchases or writes protection on either a single name or a portfolio of reference credits. The Company also uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in its Corporate and Consumer loan portfolios and other cash positions, and to facilitate client transactions.
The range of credit derivatives sold includes credit default swaps, total return swaps, credit options and credit-linked notes.
A credit default swap is a contract in which, for a fee, a protection seller agrees to reimburse a protection buyer for any losses that occur due to a credit event on a reference entity. If there is no credit default event or settlement trigger, as defined by the specific derivative contract, then the protection seller makes no payments to the protection buyer and receives only the contractually specified fee. However, if a credit event occurs as defined in the specific derivative contract sold, the protection seller will be required to make a payment to the protection buyer.
A total return swap transfers the total economic performance of a reference asset, which includes all associated cash flows, as well as capital appreciation or depreciation. The protection buyer receives a floating rate of interest and any depreciation on the reference asset from the protection seller and, in return, the protection seller receives the cash flows associated with the reference asset plus any appreciation. Thus, according to the total return swap agreement, the protection seller will be obligated to make a payment any time the floating interest rate payment and any depreciation of the reference asset exceed the cash flows associated with the underlying asset. A total return swap may terminate upon a default of the reference asset subject to the provisions of the related total return swap agreement between the protection seller and the protection buyer.
A credit option is a credit derivative that allows investors to trade or hedge changes in the credit quality of the reference asset. For example, in a credit spread option, the option writer assumes the obligation to purchase or sell the reference asset at a specified "strike" spread level. The option purchaser buys the right to sell the reference asset to, or purchase it from, the option writer at the strike spread level. The payments on credit spread options depend either on a particular credit spread or the price of the underlying credit-sensitive asset. The options usually terminate if the underlying assets default.
A credit-linked note is a form of credit derivative structured as a debt security with an embedded credit default swap. The purchaser of the note writes credit protection to the issuer, and receives a return that will be negatively affected by credit events on the underlying reference credit. If the reference entity defaults, the purchaser of the credit-linked note may assume the long position in the debt security and any future cash flows from it, but will lose the amount paid to the issuer of the credit-linked note. Thus the maximum amount of the exposure is the carrying amount of the credit-linked note. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the amount of credit-linked notes held by the Company in trading inventory was immaterial.
The following tables summarize the key characteristics of the Company's credit derivative portfolio as protection seller as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
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Citigroup evaluates the payment/performance risk of the credit derivatives for which it stands as a protection seller based on the credit rating assigned to the underlying referenced credit. Where external ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (such as Moody's and S&P) are used, investment grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB or above, while anything below is considered non-investment grade. The Citigroup internal ratings are in line with the related external credit rating system. On certain underlying reference credits, mainly related to over-the-counter credit derivatives, ratings are not available, and these are included in the not-rated category. Credit derivatives written on an underlying non-investment grade reference credit represent greater payment risk to the Company. The non-investment grade category in the table above primarily includes credit derivatives where the underlying referenced entity has been downgraded subsequent to the inception of the derivative.
The maximum potential amount of future payments under credit derivative contracts presented in the table above is based on the notional value of the derivatives. The Company believes that the maximum potential amount of future payments for credit protection sold is not representative of the actual loss exposure based on historical experience. This amount has not been reduced by the Company's rights to the underlying assets and the related cash flows. In accordance with most credit derivative contracts, should a credit event (or settlement trigger) occur, the Company is usually liable for the difference between the protection sold and the recourse it holds in the value of the underlying assets. Thus, if the reference entity defaults, Citi will generally have a right to collect on the underlying reference credit and any related cash flows, while being liable for the full notional amount of credit protection sold to the buyer. Furthermore, this maximum potential amount of future payments for credit protection sold has not been reduced for any cash collateral paid to a given counterparty as such payments would be calculated after netting all derivative exposures, including any credit derivatives with that counterparty in accordance with a related master netting agreement. Due to such netting processes, determining the amount of collateral that corresponds to credit derivative exposures alone is not possible. The Company actively monitors open credit risk exposures and manages this exposure by using a variety of strategies, including purchased credit derivatives, cash collateral or direct holdings of the referenced assets. This risk mitigation activity is not captured in the table above.
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features in Derivatives
Certain derivative instruments contain provisions that require the Company to either post additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding liability balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit-risk-related event. These events, which are defined by the existing derivative contracts, are primarily downgrades in the credit ratings of the Company and its affiliates. The fair value (excluding CVA) of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 is $28 and $36 billion, respectively. The Company has posted $25 and $32 billion as collateral for this exposure in the normal course of business as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
Each downgrade would trigger additional collateral or cash settlement requirements for the Company and its affiliates. In the event that each legal entity was downgraded a single notch by the three rating agencies as of June 30, 2013, the Company would be required to post an additional $3.5 billion, as either collateral or settlement of the derivative transactions. Additionally, the Company would be required to segregate with third-party custodians collateral previously received from existing derivative counterparties in the amount of $0.1 billion upon the single notch downgrade, resulting in aggregate cash obligations and collateral requirements of approximately $3.6 billion.
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21. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
ASC 820-10 (formerly SFAS 157) Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Among other things, the standard requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Under ASC 820-10, the probability of default of a counterparty is factored into the valuation of derivative positions and includes the impact of Citigroup's own credit risk on derivatives and other liabilities measured at fair value.
Fair Value Hierarchy
ASC 820-10 specifies a hierarchy of inputs based on whether the inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:
This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The Company considers relevant and observable market prices in its valuations where possible. The frequency of transactions, the size of the bid-ask spread and the amount of adjustment necessary when comparing similar transactions are all factors in determining the liquidity of markets and the relevance of observed prices in those markets.
The Company's policy with respect to transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy is to recognize transfers into and out of each level as of the end of the reporting period.
Determination of Fair Value
For assets and liabilities carried at fair value, the Company measures such value using the procedures set out below, irrespective of whether these assets and liabilities are carried at fair value as a result of an election or whether they are required to be carried at fair value.
When available, the Company generally uses quoted market prices to determine fair value and classifies such items as Level 1. In some cases where a market price is available, the Company will make use of acceptable practical expedients (such as matrix pricing) to calculate fair value, in which case the items are classified as Level 2.
If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates, option volatilities, etc. Items valued using such internally generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation. Thus, an item may be classified as Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily observable.
The Company may also apply a price-based methodology, which utilizes, where available, quoted prices or other market information obtained from recent trading activity in positions with the same or similar characteristics to the position being valued. The market activity and the amount of the bid-ask spread are among the factors considered in determining the liquidity of markets and the relevance of observed prices from those markets. If relevant and observable prices are available, those valuations may be classified as Level 2. When less liquidity exists for a security or loan, a quoted price is stale, a significant adjustment to the price of a similar security is necessary to reflect differences in the terms of the actual security or loan being valued, or prices from independent sources are insufficient to corroborate the valuation, the "price" inputs are considered unobservable and the fair value measurements are classified as Level 3.
Fair value estimates from internal valuation techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors or brokers. Vendors and brokers' valuations may be based on a variety of inputs ranging from observed prices to proprietary valuation models.
The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure various financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified. Where appropriate, the description includes details of the valuation models, the key inputs to those models and any significant assumptions.
Market valuation adjustments
Liquidity adjustments are applied to items in Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy to ensure that the fair value reflects the liquidity or illiquidity of the market. The liquidity reserve may utilize the bid-offer spread for an instrument as one of the factors.
Counterparty credit-risk adjustments are applied to derivatives, such as over-the-counter uncollateralized derivatives, where the base valuation uses market parameters based on the relevant base interest rate curves. Not all counterparties have the same credit risk as that implied by the relevant base curve, so it is necessary to consider the market view of the credit risk of a counterparty in order to estimate the fair value of such an item.
Bilateral or "own" credit-risk adjustments are applied to reflect the Company's own credit risk when valuing derivatives and liabilities measured at fair value. Counterparty and own credit adjustments consider the expected future cash flows between Citi and its counterparties under the terms of the instrument and the effect of credit risk on the valuation of those cash flows, rather than a point-in-time assessment of the current recognized net asset or liability. Furthermore, the credit-risk adjustments take into account the effect of credit-risk mitigants, such as pledged collateral and any legal right of offset (to the extent such offset exists) with a counterparty through arrangements such as netting agreements.
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Generally, the unit of account for a financial instrument is the individual financial instrument. The Company applies market valuation adjustments that are consistent with the unit of account, which does not include adjustment due to the size of the Company's position, except as follows. ASC 820-10 permits an exception, through an accounting policy election, to measure the fair value of a portfolio of financial assets and financial liabilities on the basis of the net open risk position when certain criteria are met. Citi has elected to measure certain portfolios of financial instruments, such as derivatives, that meet those criteria on the basis of the net open risk position. The Company applies market valuation adjustments, including adjustments to account for the size of the net open risk position, consistent with market participant assumptions and in accordance with the unit of account.
Valuation Process for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Price verification procedures and related internal control procedures are governed by the Citigroup Pricing and Price Verification Policy and Standards, which is jointly owned by Finance and Risk Management. Finance has implemented the ICG Securities and Banking Pricing and Price Verification Standards and Procedures to facilitate compliance with this policy.
For fair value measurements of substantially all assets and liabilities held by the Company, individual business units are responsible for valuing the trading account assets and liabilities, and Product Control within Finance performs independent price verification procedures to evaluate those fair value measurements. Product Control is independent of the individual business units and reports into the Global Head of Product Control. It has authority over the valuation of financial assets and liabilities. Fair value measurements of assets and liabilities are determined using various techniques, including, but not limited to, discounted cash flows and internal models, such as option and correlation models.
Based on the observability of inputs used, Product Control classifies the inventory as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. When a position involves one or more significant inputs that are not directly observable, additional price verification procedures are applied. These procedures may include reviewing relevant historical data, analyzing profit and loss, valuing each component of a structured trade individually, and benchmarking, among others.
Reports of inventory that is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are distributed to senior management in Finance, Risk and the individual business. This inventory is also discussed in Risk Committees and in monthly meetings with senior trading management. As deemed necessary, reports may go to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors or to the full Board of Directors. Whenever a valuation adjustment is needed to bring the price of an asset or liability to its exit price, Product Control reports it to management along with other price verification results.
In addition, the pricing models used in measuring fair value are governed by an independent control framework. Although the models are developed and tested by the individual business units, they are independently validated by the Model Validation Group within Risk Management and reviewed by Finance with respect to their impact on the price verification procedures. The purpose of this independent control framework is to assess model risk arising from models' theoretical soundness, calibration techniques where needed, and the appropriateness of the model for a specific product in a defined market. Valuation adjustments, if any, go through a similar independent review process as the valuation models. To ensure their continued applicability, models are independently reviewed annually. In addition, Risk Management approves and maintains a list of products permitted to be valued under each approved model for a given business.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
No quoted prices exist for such instruments, so fair value is determined using a discounted cash-flow technique. Cash flows are estimated based on the terms of the contract, taking into account any embedded derivative or other features. Expected cash flows are discounted using interest rates appropriate to the maturity of the instrument as well as the nature of the underlying collateral. Generally, when such instruments are held at fair value, they are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as the inputs used in the valuation are readily observable. However, certain long-dated positions are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Trading account assets and liabilities—trading securities and trading loans
When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of trading securities; such items are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Examples include some government securities and exchange-traded equity securities.
For bonds and secondary market loans traded over the counter, the Company generally determines fair value utilizing valuation techniques, including discounted cash flows, price-based and internal models, such as Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation. Fair value estimates from these internal valuation techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply matrix pricing for similar bonds or loans where no price is observable. A price-based methodology utilizes, where available, quoted prices or other market information obtained from recent trading activity of assets with similar characteristics to the bond or loan being valued. The yields used in discounted cash flow models are derived from the same price information. Trading securities and loans priced using such methods are generally classified as Level 2. However, when less liquidity exists for a security or loan, a quoted price is stale, a significant adjustment to the price of a similar security or loan is necessary to reflect differences in the terms of the actual security or loan being valued, or prices from independent sources are insufficient to corroborate valuation, a loan or security is generally classified as Level 3. The price input used in a price-based methodology may be zero for a security, such as a subprime CDO, that is not receiving any principal or interest and is currently written down to zero.
Where the Company's principal market for a portfolio of loans is the securitization market, the Company uses the securitization price to determine the fair value of the portfolio. The securitization price is determined from the assumed
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proceeds of a hypothetical securitization in the current market, adjusted for transformation costs (i.e., direct costs other than transaction costs) and securitization uncertainties such as market conditions and liquidity. As a result of the severe reduction in the level of activity in certain securitization markets since the second half of 2007, observable securitization prices for certain directly comparable portfolios of loans have not been readily available. Therefore, such portfolios of loans are generally classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. However, for other loan securitization markets, such as commercial real estate loans, price verification of the hypothetical securitizations has been possible, since these markets have remained active. Accordingly, this loan portfolio is classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Trading account assets and liabilities—derivatives
Exchange-traded derivatives are generally measured at fair value using quoted market (i.e., exchange) prices and are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
The majority of derivatives entered into by the Company are executed over the counter and are valued using internal valuation techniques, as no quoted market prices exist for such instruments. The valuation techniques and inputs depend on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument. The principal techniques used to value these instruments are discounted cash flows and internal models, including Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation. The fair values of derivative contracts reflect cash the Company has paid or received (for example, option premiums paid and received).
The key inputs depend upon the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument and include interest rate yield curves, foreign-exchange rates, volatilities and correlation. The Company uses overnight indexed swap curves as fair value measurement inputs for the valuation of certain collateralized interest-rate related derivatives. The instrument is classified as either Level 2 or Level 3 depending upon the observability of the significant inputs to the model.
Subprime-related direct exposures in CDOs
The valuation of high-grade and mezzanine asset-backed security (ABS) CDO positions utilizes prices based on the underlying assets of each high-grade and mezzanine ABS CDO. The high-grade and mezzanine positions are largely hedged through the ABS and bond short positions. This results in closer symmetry in the way these long and short positions are valued by the Company. Citigroup uses trader marks to value this portion of the portfolio and will do so as long as it remains largely hedged.
For most of the lending and structured direct subprime exposures, fair value is determined utilizing observable transactions where available, other market data for similar assets in markets that are not active and other internal valuation techniques.
The investments category includes available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities, whose fair value is generally determined by utilizing similar procedures described for trading securities above or, in some cases, using consensus pricing as the primary source.
Also included in investments are nonpublic investments in private equity and real estate entities held by the S&B business. Determining the fair value of nonpublic securities involves a significant degree of management resources and judgment, as no quoted prices exist and such securities are generally very thinly traded. In addition, there may be transfer restrictions on private equity securities. The Company's process for determining the fair value of such securities utilizes commonly accepted valuation techniques, including comparables analysis. In determining the fair value of nonpublic securities, the Company also considers events such as a proposed sale of the investee company, initial public offerings, equity issuances or other observable transactions. As discussed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company uses net asset value to value certain of these investments.
Private equity securities are generally classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt
Where fair value accounting has been elected, the fair value of non-structured liabilities is determined by utilizing internal models using the appropriate discount rate for the applicable maturity. Such instruments are generally classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as all inputs are readily observable.
The Company determines the fair value of structured liabilities (where performance is linked to structured interest rates, inflation or currency risks) and hybrid financial instruments (where performance is linked to risks other than interest rates, inflation or currency risks) using the appropriate derivative valuation methodology (described above in "Trading account assets and liabilities—derivatives") given the nature of the embedded risk profile. Such instruments are classified as Level 2 or Level 3 depending on the observability of significant inputs to the model.
Alt-A mortgage securities
The Company classifies its Alt-A mortgage securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale and trading investments. The securities classified as trading and available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reported in current earnings and AOCI, respectively. For these purposes, Citi defines Alt-A mortgage securities as non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) where (i) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores between 680 and 720 or (ii) for instances where FICO scores are greater than 720, RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full documentation loans.
Similar to the valuation methodologies used for other trading securities and trading loans, the Company generally determines the fair values of Alt-A mortgage securities utilizing internal valuation techniques. Fair value estimates from internal valuation techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Consensus data providers compile prices from various sources. Where available, the
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Company may also make use of quoted prices for recent trading activity in securities with the same or similar characteristics to the security being valued.
The valuation techniques used for Alt-A mortgage securities, as with other mortgage exposures, are price-based and yield analysis. The primary market-derived input is yield. Cash flows are based on current collateral performance with prepayment rates and loss projections reflective of current economic conditions of housing price change, unemployment rates, interest rates, borrower attributes and other market indicators.
Alt-A mortgage securities that are valued using these methods are generally classified as Level 2. However, Alt-A mortgage securities backed by Alt-A mortgages of lower quality or subordinated tranches in the capital structure are mostly classified as Level 3 due to the reduced liquidity that exists for such positions, which reduces the reliability of prices available from independent sources.
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Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present for each of the fair value hierarchy levels the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The Company's hedging of positions that have been classified in the Level 3 category is not limited to other financial instruments (hedging instruments) that have been classified as Level 3, but also instruments classified as Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The effects of these hedges are presented gross in the following table.
Fair Value Levels
Trading securities
Trading mortgage-backed securities
Residential
Total trading mortgage-backed securities
Total trading securities
Trading account derivatives
Commodity contracts
Total trading account derivatives
Gross cash collateral paid(3)
Netting agreements
Netting of cash collateral received
Total investment mortgage-backed securities
See footnotes on the next page.
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Non-marketable equity securities
Loans(4)
Mortgage servicing rights
Nontrading derivatives and other financial assets measured on a recurring basis, gross
Cash collateral paid
Nontrading derivatives and other financial assets measured on a recurring basis
Total as a percentage of gross assets(5)
Interest-bearing deposits
Cash collateral received(6)
Netting of cash collateral paid
Nontrading derivatives and other financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis, gross
Cash collateral received(7)
Nontrading derivatives and other financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis
Total as a percentage of gross liabilities(5)
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204
Loans(3)
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Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Category
The following tables present the changes in the Level 3 fair value category for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. As discussed above, the Company classifies financial instruments as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when there is reliance on at least one significant unobservable input to the valuation model. In addition to these unobservable inputs, the valuation models for Level 3 financial instruments typically also rely on a number of inputs that are readily observable either directly or indirectly. The gains and losses presented below include changes in the fair value related to both observable and unobservable inputs.
The Company often hedges positions with offsetting positions that are classified in a different level. For example, the gains and losses for assets and liabilities in the Level 3 category presented in the tables below do not reflect the effect of offsetting losses and gains on hedging instruments that have been classified by the Company in the Level 1 and Level 2 categories. In addition, the Company hedges items classified in the Level 3 category with instruments also classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The effects of these hedges are presented gross in the following tables.
Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward
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Trading derivatives, net(4)
Total trading derivatives, net(4)
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Other financial assets measured on a recurring basis
Other financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis
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209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
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The following were the significant Level 3 transfers from March 31, 2013 to June 30, 2013:
The following were the significant Level 3 transfers from December 31, 2012 to June 30, 2013:
The significant Level 3 transfers from March 31, 2012 to June 30, 2012 are related to:
The significant Level 3 transfers from December 31, 2011 to June 30, 2012 are related to:
Valuation Techniques and Inputs for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The Company's Level 3 inventory consists of both cash securities and derivatives of varying complexities. The valuation methodologies applied to measure the fair value of these positions include discounted cash flow analyses, internal models and comparative analysis. A position is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when at least one input is unobservable and is considered significant to its valuation. The specific reason an input is deemed unobservable varies. For example, at least one significant input to the pricing model is not observable in the market, at least one significant input has been adjusted to make it more representative of the position being valued, or the price quote available does not reflect sufficient trading activities.
The following tables present the valuation techniques covering the majority of Level 3 inventory and the most significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Differences between this table and amounts presented in the Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward table represent individually immaterial items that have been measured using a variety of valuation techniques other than those listed.
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Trading and investment securities
State and municipal, foreign government, corporate and other debt securities
Non-marketable equity
Derivatives—Gross(6)
Interest rate contracts (gross)
Foreign exchange contracts (gross)
Equity contracts (gross)(7)
Commodity contracts (gross)
Credit derivatives (gross)
Nontrading derivatives and other financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis (gross)(6)
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State and municipal, foreign
government, corporate and
other debt securities
Derivatives—Gross(4)
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Equity contracts (gross)(5)
Nontrading derivatives and other financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis (gross)(4)
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Sensitivity to Unobservable Inputs and Interrelationships between Unobservable Inputs
The impact of key unobservable inputs on the Level 3 fair value measurements may not be independent of one another. In addition, the amount and direction of the impact on a fair value measurement for a given change in an unobservable input depends on the nature of the instrument as well as whether the Company holds the instrument as an asset or a liability. For certain instruments, the pricing hedging and risk management are sensitive to the correlation between various inputs rather than on the analysis and aggregation of the individual inputs.
The following section describes the sensitivities and interrelationships of the most significant unobservable inputs used by the Company in Level 3 fair value measurements.
Correlation
Correlation is a measure of the co-movement between two or more variables. A variety of correlation-related assumptions are required for a wide range of instruments, including equity and credit baskets, foreign-exchange options, CDOs backed by loans or bonds, mortgages, subprime mortgages and many other instruments. For almost all of these instruments, correlations are not observable in the market and must be estimated using historical information. Estimating correlation can be especially difficult where it may vary over time. Extracting correlation information from market data requires significant assumptions regarding the informational efficiency of the market (for example, swaption markets). Changes in correlation levels can have a major impact, favorable or unfavorable, on the value of an instrument, depending on its nature. A change in the default correlation of the fair value of the underlying bonds comprising a CDO structure would affect the fair value of the senior tranche. For example, an increase in the default correlation of the underlying bonds would reduce the fair value of the senior tranche, because highly correlated instruments produce larger losses in the event of default and a part of these losses would become attributable to the senior tranche. That same change in default correlation would have a different impact on junior tranches of the same structure.
Volatility
Volatility represents the speed and severity of market price changes and is a key factor in pricing options. Typically, instruments can become more expensive if volatility increases. For example, as an index becomes more volatile, the cost to Citi of maintaining a given level of exposure increases because more frequent rebalancing of the portfolio is required. Volatility generally depends on the tenor of the underlying instrument and the strike price or level defined in the contract. Volatilities for certain combinations of tenor and strike are not observable. The general relationship between changes in the value of a portfolio to changes in volatility also depends on changes in interest rates and the level of the underlying index. Generally, long option positions (assets) benefit from increases in volatility, whereas short option positions (liabilities) will suffer losses. Some instruments are more sensitive to changes in volatility than others. For example, an at-the-money option would experience a larger percentage change in its fair value than a deep-in-the-money option. In addition, the fair value of an option with more than one underlying security (for example, an option on a basket of bonds) depends on the volatility of the individual underlying securities as well as their correlations.
Yield
Adjusted yield is generally used to discount the projected future principal and interest cash flows on instruments, such as asset-backed securities. Adjusted yield is impacted by changes in the interest rate environment and relevant credit spreads.
In some circumstances, the yield of an instrument is not observable in the market and must be estimated from historical data or from yields of similar securities. This estimated yield may need to be adjusted to capture the characteristics of the security being valued. In other situations, the estimated yield may not represent sufficient market liquidity and must be adjusted as well. Whenever the amount of the adjustment is significant to the value of the security, the fair value measurement is classified as Level 3.
Prepayment
Voluntary unscheduled payments (prepayments) change the future cash flows for the investor and thereby change the fair value of the security. The effect of prepayments is more pronounced for residential mortgage-backed securities. An increase in prepayments—in speed or magnitude—generally creates losses for the holder of these securities. Prepayment is generally negatively correlated with delinquency and interest rate. A combination of low prepayment and high delinquencies amplify each input's negative impact on mortgage securities' valuation. As prepayment speeds change, the weighted average life of the security changes, which impacts the valuation either positively or negatively, depending upon the nature of the security and the direction of the change in the weighted average life.
Recovery
Recovery is the proportion of the total outstanding balance of a bond or loan that is expected to be collected in a liquidation scenario. For many credit securities (such as asset-backed securities), there is no directly observable market input for recovery, but indications of recovery levels are available from pricing services. The assumed recovery of a security may differ from its actual recovery that will be observable in the future. The recovery rate impacts the valuation of credit securities. Generally, an increase in the recovery rate assumption increases the fair value of the security. An increase in loss severity, the inverse of the recovery rate, reduces the amount of principal available for distribution and, as a result, decreases the fair value of the security.
Credit Spread
Credit spread is a component of the security representing its credit quality. Credit spread reflects the market perception of changes in prepayment, delinquency and recovery rates, therefore capturing the impact of other variables on the fair value. Changes in credit spread affect the fair value of securities differently depending on the characteristics and maturity profile of the security. For example, credit spread is a more significant driver of the fair value measurement of a high yield bond as compared to an investment grade bond. Generally, the credit spread for an investment grade bond is
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also more observable and less volatile than its high yield counterpart.
Qualitative Discussion of the Ranges of Significant Unobservable Inputs
The following section describes the ranges of the most significant unobservable inputs used by the Company in Level 3 fair value measurements. The level of aggregation and the diversity of instruments held by the Company lead to a wide range of unobservable inputs that may not be evenly distributed across the Level 3 inventory.
There are many different types of correlation inputs, including credit correlation, cross-asset correlation (such as equity-interest rate correlation), and same-asset correlation (such as interest rate-interest rate correlation). Correlation inputs are generally used to value hybrid and exotic instruments. Generally, same-asset correlation inputs have a narrower range than cross-asset correlation inputs. However, due to the complex and unique nature of these instruments, the ranges for correlation inputs can vary widely across portfolios.
Similar to correlation, asset-specific volatility inputs vary widely by asset type. For example, ranges for foreign exchange volatility are generally lower and narrower than equity volatility. Equity volatilities are wider due to the nature of the equities market and the terms of certain exotic instruments. For most instruments, the interest rate volatility input is on the lower end of the range; however, for certain structured or exotic instruments (such as market-linked deposits or exotic interest rate derivatives), the range is much wider.
Ranges for the yield inputs vary significantly depending upon the type of security. For example, securities that typically have lower yields, such as municipal bonds, will fall on the lower end of the range, while more illiquid securities or securities with lower credit quality, such as certain residual tranche asset-backed securities, will have much higher yield inputs.
Credit spread is relevant primarily for fixed income and credit instruments; however, the ranges for the credit spread input can vary across instruments. For example, certain fixed income instruments, such as certificates of deposit, typically have lower credit spreads, whereas certain derivative instruments with high-risk counterparties are typically subject to higher credit spreads when they are uncollateralized or have a longer tenor. Other instruments, such as credit default swaps, also have credit spreads that vary with the attributes of the underlying obligor. Stronger companies have tighter credit spreads, and weaker companies have wider credit spreads.
Price
The price input is a significant unobservable input for certain fixed income instruments. For these instruments, the price input is expressed as a percentage of the notional amount, with a price of $100 meaning that the instrument is valued at par. For most of these instruments, the price varies between zero to $100, or slightly above $100. Relatively illiquid assets that have experienced significant losses since issuance, such as certain asset-backed securities, are at the lower end of the range, whereas most investment grade corporate bonds will fall in the middle to the higher end of the range. For certain structured debt instruments with embedded derivatives, the price input may be above $100 to reflect the embedded features of the instrument (for example, a step-up coupon or a conversion option).
The price input is also a significant unobservable input for certain equity securities; however, the range of price inputs varies depending on the nature of the position, the number of shares outstanding and other factors.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and therefore are not included in the tables above. These include assets measured at cost that have been written down to fair value during the periods as a result of an impairment. In addition, these assets include loans held-for-sale and other real estate owned that are measured at the lower of cost or market.
The following table presents the carrying amounts of all assets that were still held as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and for which a nonrecurring fair value measurement was recorded during the six and twelve months then ended, respectively:
Loans held-for-sale
Other real estate owned
Loans(1)
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
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Other assets(2)
The fair value of loans-held-for-sale is determined where possible using quoted secondary-market prices. If no such quoted price exists, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset or assets, adjusted for the specific attributes of that loan. Fair value for the other real estate owned is based on appraisals. For loans whose carrying amount is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, the fair values depend on the type of collateral. Fair value of the collateral is typically estimated based on quoted market prices if available, appraisals or other internal valuation techniques.
Where the fair value of the related collateral is based on an unadjusted appraised value, the loan is generally classified as Level 2. Where significant adjustments are made to the appraised value, the loan is classified as Level 3. Additionally, for corporate loans, appraisals of the collateral are often based on sales of similar assets; however, because the prices of similar assets require significant adjustments to reflect the unique features of the underlying collateral, these fair value measurements are generally classified as Level 3.
Valuation Techniques and Inputs for Level 3 Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the valuation techniques covering the majority of Level 3 nonrecurring fair value measurements and the most significant unobservable inputs used in those measurements as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
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Nonrecurring Fair Value Changes
The following table presents total nonrecurring fair value measurements for the period, included in earnings, attributable to the change in fair value relating to assets that are still held at June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Total nonrecurring fair value gains (losses)
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The table below presents the carrying value and fair value of Citigroup's financial instruments which are not carried at fair value. The table below therefore excludes items measured at fair value on a recurring basis presented in the tables above.
The disclosure also excludes leases, affiliate investments, pension and benefit obligations and insurance policy claim reserves. In addition, contract-holder fund amounts exclude certain insurance contracts. Also, as required, the disclosure excludes the effect of taxes, any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular instrument, excess fair value associated with deposits with no fixed maturity, and other expenses that would be incurred in a market transaction. In addition, the table excludes the values of non-financial assets and liabilities, as well as a wide range of franchise, relationship and intangible values, which are integral to a full assessment of Citigroup's financial position and the value of its net assets.
The fair value represents management's best estimates based on a range of methodologies and assumptions. The carrying value of short-term financial instruments not accounted for at fair value, as well as receivables and payables arising in the ordinary course of business, approximates fair value because of the relatively short period of time between their origination and expected realization. Quoted market prices are used when available for investments and for liabilities, such as long-term debt not carried at fair value. For loans not accounted for at fair value, cash flows are discounted at quoted secondary market rates or estimated market rates if available. Otherwise, sales of comparable loan portfolios or current market origination rates for loans with similar terms and risk characteristics are used. Expected credit losses are either embedded in the estimated future cash flows or incorporated as an adjustment to the discount rate used. The value of collateral is also considered. For liabilities such as long-term debt not accounted for at fair value and without quoted market prices, market borrowing rates of interest are used to discount contractual cash flows.
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Loans(1)(2)
Other financial assets(2)(3)
Long-term debt(4)
Other financial liabilities(5)
Fair values vary from period to period based on changes in a wide range of factors, including interest rates, credit quality and market perceptions of value, and as existing assets and liabilities run off and new transactions are entered into. The estimated fair values of loans reflect changes in credit status since the loans were made, changes in interest rates in the case of fixed-rate loans, and premium values at origination of certain loans. The carrying values (reduced by the Allowance for loan losses) exceeded the estimated fair values of Citigroup's loans, in aggregate, by $9.4 billion and by $9.7 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. At June 30, 2013, the carrying values, net of allowances, exceeded the estimated fair values by $7.1 billion and $2.3 billion for Consumer loans and Corporate loans, respectively.
The estimated fair values of the Company's corporate unfunded lending commitments at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were liabilities of $4.2 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, which are substantially classified as Level 3. The Company does not estimate the fair values of consumer unfunded lending commitments, which are generally cancelable by providing notice to the borrower.
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22. FAIR VALUE ELECTIONS
The Company may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings. The election is made upon the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not be revoked once an election is made. The changes in fair value are recorded in current earnings. Additional discussion regarding the applicable areas in which fair value elections were made is presented in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
All servicing rights are recognized initially at fair value. The Company has elected fair value accounting for its mortgage servicing rights. See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussions regarding the accounting and reporting of MSRs.
The following table presents, as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the fair value of those positions selected for fair value accounting, as well as the changes in fair value gains and losses for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Selected portfolios of securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities borrowed(1)
Certain Corporate loans(2)
Certain Consumer loans(2)
Total loans
MSRs
Certain mortgage loans held for sale
Certain equity method investments
Total other assets
Selected portfolios of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and securities loaned(1)
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Own debt valuation adjustments are recognized on Citi's debt liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected using Citi's credit spreads observed in the bond market. The fair value of debt liabilities for which the fair value option is elected (other than non-recourse and similar liabilities) is impacted by the narrowing or widening of the Company's credit spreads. The estimated change in the fair value of these debt liabilities due to such changes in the Company's own credit risk (or instrument-specific credit risk) was a gain of $202 million and $270 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and a loss of $8 million and $992 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk were estimated by incorporating the Company's current credit spreads observable in the bond market into the relevant valuation technique used to value each liability as described above.
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
Selected portfolios of securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned and certain non-collateralized short-term borrowings
The Company elected the fair value option for certain portfolios of fixed-income securities purchased under agreements to resell and fixed-income securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities borrowed, securities loaned, and certain non-collateralized short-term borrowings on broker-dealer entities in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan. In each case, the election was made because the related interest-rate risk is managed on a portfolio basis, primarily with derivative instruments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings.
Changes in fair value for transactions in these portfolios are recorded in Principal transactions. The related interest revenue and interest expense are measured based on the contractual rates specified in the transactions and are reported as interest revenue and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Certain loans and other credit products
Citigroup has elected the fair value option for certain originated and purchased loans, including certain unfunded loan products, such as guarantees and letters of credit, executed by Citigroup's lending and trading businesses. None of these credit products are highly leveraged financing commitments. Significant groups of transactions include loans and unfunded loan products that are expected to be either sold or securitized in the near term, or transactions where the economic risks are hedged with derivative instruments such as purchased credit default swaps or total return swaps where the Company pays the total return on the underlying loans to a third party. Citigroup has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplifications. Fair value was not elected for most lending transactions across the Company.
The following table provides information about certain credit products carried at fair value at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Carrying amount reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of (less than) fair value
Balance of non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of fair value for non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due
In addition to the amounts reported above, $2,081 million and $1,891 million of unfunded loan commitments related to certain credit products selected for fair value accounting were outstanding as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
Changes in fair value of funded and unfunded credit products are classified in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest revenue is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as Interest revenue on Trading account assets or loan interest depending on the balance sheet classifications of the credit products. The changes in fair value for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 due to instrument-specific credit risk totaled to a gain of $2 million and $29 million, respectively.
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Certain investments in unallocated precious metals
Citigroup invests in unallocated precious metals accounts (gold, silver, platinum and palladium) as part of its commodity and foreign currency trading activities or to economically hedge certain exposures from issuing structured liabilities. Under ASC 815, the investment is bifurcated into a debt host contract and a commodity forward derivative instrument. Citigroup elects the fair value option for the debt host contract, and reports the debt host contract within Trading account assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The total carrying amount of debt host contracts across unallocated precious metals accounts at June 30, 2013 was approximately $984 million and approximately $5.5 billion at December 31, 2012. The amounts are expected to fluctuate based on trading activity in future periods.
As part of its commodity and foreign currency trading activities, Citi sells (buys) unallocated precious metals investments and executes forward purchase (sale) derivative contracts with trading counterparties. When Citi sells an unallocated precious metals investment, Citi's receivable from its depository bank is repaid and Citi derecognizes its investment in the unallocated precious metal. The forward purchase (sale) contract with the trading counterparty indexed to unallocated precious metals is accounted for as a derivative, at fair value through earnings. As of June 30, 2013, there were approximately $11.7 billion and $6.7 billion notional amount of such forward purchase and forward sale derivative contracts outstanding, respectively.
Certain investments in private equity and real estate ventures and certain equity method investments
Citigroup invests in private equity and real estate ventures for the purpose of earning investment returns and for capital appreciation. The Company has elected the fair value option for certain of these ventures, because such investments are considered similar to many private equity or hedge fund activities in Citi's investment companies, which are reported at fair value. The fair value option brings consistency in the accounting and evaluation of these investments. All investments (debt and equity) in such private equity and real estate entities are accounted for at fair value. These investments are classified as Investments on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Citigroup also holds various non-strategic investments in leveraged buyout funds and other hedge funds for which the Company elected fair value accounting to reduce operational and accounting complexity. Since the funds account for all of their underlying assets at fair value, the impact of applying the equity method to Citigroup's investment in these funds was equivalent to fair value accounting. These investments are classified as Other assets on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Changes in the fair values of these investments are classified in Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.
Certain mortgage loans (HFS)
Citigroup has elected the fair value option for certain purchased and originated prime fixed-rate and conforming adjustable-rate first mortgage loans HFS. These loans are intended for sale or securitization and are hedged with derivative instruments. The Company has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplifications.
The following table provides information about certain mortgage loans HFS carried at fair value at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Aggregate fair value in excess of unpaid principal balance
The changes in fair values of these mortgage loans are reported in Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. There was no net change in fair value during the six months ended June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012 due to instrument-specific credit risk. Related interest income continues to be measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
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Certain consolidated VIEs
The Company has elected the fair value option for all qualified assets and liabilities of certain VIEs that were consolidated upon the adoption of SFAS 167 on January 1, 2010, including certain private label mortgage securitizations, mutual fund deferred sales commissions and collateralized loan obligation VIEs. The Company elected the fair value option for these VIEs, as the Company believes this method better reflects the economic risks, since substantially all of the Company's retained interests in these entities are carried at fair value.
With respect to the consolidated mortgage VIEs, the Company determined the fair value for the mortgage loans and long-term debt utilizing internal valuation techniques. The fair value of the long-term debt measured using internal valuation techniques is verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply matrix pricing for similar securities when no price is observable. Security pricing associated with long-term debt that is valued using observable inputs is classified as Level 2, and debt that is valued using one or more significant unobservable inputs is classified as Level 3. The fair value of mortgage loans in each VIE is derived from the security pricing. When substantially all of the long-term debt of a VIE is valued using Level 2 inputs, the corresponding mortgage loans are classified as Level 2. Otherwise, the mortgage loans of a VIE are classified as Level 3.
With respect to the consolidated mortgage VIEs for which the fair value option was elected, the mortgage loans are classified as Loans on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The changes in fair value of the loans are reported as Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest revenue is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as Interest revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Information about these mortgage loans is included in the table below. The change in fair value of these loans due to instrument-specific credit risk was a loss of $69 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
The debt issued by these consolidated VIEs is classified as long-term debt on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The changes in fair value for the majority of these liabilities are reported in Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest expense is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The aggregate unpaid principal balance of long-term debt of these consolidated VIEs exceeded the aggregate fair value by $333 million and $869 million as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
The following table provides information about Corporate and Consumer loans of consolidated VIEs carried at fair value at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of fair value
Certain structured liabilities
The Company has elected the fair value option for certain structured liabilities whose performance is linked to structured interest rates, inflation, currency, equity, referenced credit or commodity risks (structured liabilities). The Company elected the fair value option, because these exposures are considered to be trading-related positions and, therefore, are managed on a fair value basis. These positions will continue to be classified as debt, deposits or derivatives (Trading account liabilities) on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet according to their legal form.
The following table provides information about the carrying value of structured notes, disaggregated by type of embedded derivative instrument at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Interest rate linked
Foreign exchange linked
Equity linked
Commodity linked
Credit linked
The change in fair value for these structured liabilities is reported in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Changes in fair value for these structured liabilities include an economic component for accrued interest, which is included in the change in fair value reported in Principal transactions.
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Certain non-structured liabilities
The Company has elected the fair value option for certain non-structured liabilities with fixed and floating interest rates (non-structured liabilities). The Company has elected the fair value option where the interest-rate risk of such liabilities is economically hedged with derivative contracts or the proceeds are used to purchase financial assets that will also be accounted for at fair value through earnings. The election has been made to mitigate accounting mismatches and to achieve operational simplifications. These positions are reported in Short-term borrowings and Long-term debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The change in fair value for these non-structured liabilities is reported in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest expense on non-structured liabilities is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The following table provides information about long-term debt carried at fair value, excluding debt issued by consolidated VIEs, at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
The following table provides information about short-term borrowings carried at fair value at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
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23. GUARANTEES AND COMMITMENTS
The Company provides a variety of guarantees and indemnifications to Citigroup customers to enhance their credit standing and enable them to complete a wide variety of business transactions. For certain contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee, the guarantor must recognize, at inception, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee.
In addition, the guarantor must disclose the maximum potential amount of future payments that the guarantor could be required to make under the guarantee, if there were a total default by the guaranteed parties. The determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on the notional amount of the guarantees without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. As such, the Company believes such amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these guarantees. The following tables present information about the Company's guarantees at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (for a discussion of the decrease in the carrying value period-over-period, see "Carrying Value—Guarantees and Indemnifications" below):
Financial standby letters of credit
Performance guarantees
Derivative instruments considered to be guarantees
Loans sold with recourse
Securities lending indemnifications(1)
Credit card merchant processing(1)
Custody indemnifications and other
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Citigroup issues standby letters of credit which substitute its own credit for that of the borrower. If a letter of credit is drawn down, the borrower is obligated to repay Citigroup. Standby letters of credit protect a third party from defaults on contractual obligations. Financial standby letters of credit include guarantees of payment of insurance premiums and reinsurance risks that support industrial revenue bond underwriting and settlement of payment obligations to clearing houses, and also support options and purchases of securities or are in lieu of escrow deposit accounts. Financial standbys also backstop loans, credit facilities, promissory notes and trade acceptances.
Performance guarantees and letters of credit are issued to guarantee a customer's tender bid on a construction or systems-installation project or to guarantee completion of such projects in accordance with contract terms. They are also issued to support a customer's obligation to supply specified products, commodities, or maintenance or warranty services to a third party.
Derivatives are financial instruments whose cash flows are based on a notional amount and an underlying instrument, where there is little or no initial investment, and whose terms require or permit net settlement. Derivatives may be used for a variety of reasons, including risk management, or to enhance returns. Financial institutions often act as intermediaries for their clients, helping clients reduce their risks. However, derivatives may also be used to take a risk position.
The derivative instruments considered to be guarantees, which are presented in the tables above, include only those instruments that require Citi to make payments to the counterparty based on changes in an underlying instrument that is related to an asset, a liability, or an equity security held by the guaranteed party. More specifically, derivative instruments considered to be guarantees include certain over-the-counter written put options where the counterparty is not a bank, hedge fund or broker-dealer (such counterparties are considered to be dealers in these markets and may, therefore, not hold the underlying instruments). However, credit derivatives sold by the Company are excluded from the tables above as they are disclosed separately in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, non-credit derivative contracts that are cash settled and for which the Company is unable to assert that it is probable the counterparty held the underlying instrument at the inception of the contract also are excluded from the tables above.
In instances where the Company's maximum potential future payment is unlimited, the notional amount of the contract is disclosed.
Loans sold with recourse represent the Company's obligations to reimburse the buyers for loan losses under certain circumstances. Recourse refers to the clause in a sales agreement under which a lender will fully reimburse the buyer/investor for any losses resulting from the purchased loans. This may be accomplished by the seller taking back any loans that become delinquent.
In addition to the amounts shown in the tables above, Citi has recorded a repurchase reserve for its potential repurchases or make-whole liability regarding residential mortgage representation and warranty claims, which are primarily related to whole loan sales to the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). The repurchase reserve was $719 million and $1,565 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and these amounts are included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. On June 28, 2013, Citi reached an agreement with Fannie Mae to resolve potential future repurchase claims for breaches of representations and warranties on 3.7 million residential first mortgage loans sold to Fannie Mae that were originated between 2000 and 2012. Citi paid Fannie Mae $968 million under the agreement, substantially all of which was covered by Citi's existing mortgage repurchase reserves as of March 31, 2013.
The repurchase reserve estimation process for potential residential mortgage whole loan representation and warranty claims is based on various assumptions which are primarily based on Citi's historical repurchase activity with the GSEs. The assumptions used to calculate this repurchase reserve include numerous estimates and judgments, including with respect to certain future events, and thus entail inherent uncertainty. As of June 30, 2013, Citi estimates that the range of reasonably possible loss for whole loan sale representation and warranty claims in excess of amounts accrued could be up to $0.2 billion. This estimate was derived by modifying the key assumptions discussed above to reflect management's judgment regarding reasonably possible adverse changes to those assumptions. Citi's estimate of reasonably possible loss is based on currently available information, significant judgment and numerous assumptions that are subject to change.
Citi is also exposed to potential representation and warranty claims as a result of mortgage loans sold through private-label securitizations in its Consumer business in CitiMortgage as well as its legacy S&B business. Beginning in the first quarter of 2013, Citi considers private-label securitization representation and warranty claims as part of its litigation accrual analysis.
Securities lending indemnifications
Owners of securities frequently lend those securities for a fee to other parties who may sell them short or deliver them to another party to satisfy some other obligation. Banks may administer such securities lending programs for their clients. Securities lending indemnifications are issued by the bank to guarantee that a securities lending customer will be made whole in the event that the security borrower does not return the security subject to the lending agreement and collateral held is insufficient to cover the market value of the security.
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Credit card merchant processing
Credit card merchant processing guarantees represent the Company's indirect obligations in connection with: (i) providing transaction processing services to various merchants with respect to its private-label cards and (ii) potential liability for bank card transaction processing services. The nature of the liability in either case arises as a result of a billing dispute between a merchant and a cardholder that is ultimately resolved in the cardholder's favor. The merchant is liable to refund the amount to the cardholder. In general, if the credit card processing company is unable to collect this amount from the merchant, the credit card processing company bears the loss for the amount of the credit or refund paid to the cardholder.
With regard to (i) above, the Company continues to have the primary contingent liability with respect to its portfolio of private-label merchants. The risk of loss is mitigated as the cash flows between the Company and the merchant are settled on a net basis and the Company has the right to offset any payments with cash flows otherwise due to the merchant. To further mitigate this risk, the Company may delay settlement, require a merchant to make an escrow deposit, include event triggers to provide the Company with more financial and operational control in the event of the financial deterioration of the merchant, or require various credit enhancements (including letters of credit and bank guarantees). In the unlikely event that a private-label merchant is unable to deliver products, services or a refund to its private-label cardholders, the Company is contingently liable to credit or refund cardholders.
With regard to (ii) above, the Company has a potential liability for bank card transactions where Citi provides the transaction processing services as well as those where a third party provides the services and Citi acts as a secondary guarantor, should that processor fail to perform.
The Company's maximum potential contingent liability related to both bank card and private-label merchant processing services is estimated to be the total volume of credit card transactions that meet the requirements to be valid charge-back transactions at any given time. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, this maximum potential exposure was estimated to be $73 billion and $70 billion, respectively.
However, the Company believes that the maximum exposure is not representative of the actual potential loss exposure based on the Company's historical experience. This contingent liability is unlikely to arise, as most products and services are delivered when purchased and amounts are refunded when items are returned to merchants. The Company assesses the probability and amount of its contingent liability related to merchant processing based on the financial strength of the primary guarantor, the extent and nature of unresolved charge-backs and its historical loss experience. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the losses incurred and the carrying amounts of the Company's contingent obligations related to merchant processing activities were immaterial.
Custody indemnifications
Custody indemnifications are issued to guarantee that custody clients will be made whole in the event that a third-party subcustodian or depository institution fails to safeguard clients' assets.
Other guarantees and indemnifications
Credit Card Protection Programs
The Company, through its credit card businesses, provides various cardholder protection programs on several of its card products, including programs that provide insurance coverage for rental cars, coverage for certain losses associated with purchased products, price protection for certain purchases and protection for lost luggage. These guarantees are not included in the table, since the total outstanding amount of the guarantees and the Company's maximum exposure to loss cannot be quantified. The protection is limited to certain types of purchases and certain types of losses, and it is not possible to quantify the purchases that would qualify for these benefits at any given time. The Company assesses the probability and amount of its potential liability related to these programs based on the extent and nature of its historical loss experience. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the actual and estimated losses incurred and the carrying value of the Company's obligations related to these programs were immaterial.
Other Representation and Warranty Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company provides standard representations and warranties to counterparties in contracts in connection with numerous transactions and also provides indemnifications, including indemnifications that protect the counterparties to the contracts in the event that additional taxes are owed due either to a change in the tax law or an adverse interpretation of the tax law. Counterparties to these transactions provide the Company with comparable indemnifications. While such representations, warranties and indemnifications are essential components of many contractual relationships, they do not represent the underlying business purpose for the transactions. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms related to the Company's own performance under the terms of a contract and are entered into in the normal course of business based on an assessment that the risk of loss is remote. Often these clauses are intended to ensure that terms of a contract are met at inception. No compensation is received for these standard representations and warranties, and it is not possible to determine their fair value because they rarely, if ever, result in a payment. In many cases, there are no stated or notional amounts included in the indemnification clauses, and the contingencies potentially triggering the obligation to indemnify have not occurred and are not expected to occur. As a result, these indemnifications are not included in the tables above.
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Value-Transfer Networks
The Company is a member of, or shareholder in, hundreds of value-transfer networks (VTNs) (payment, clearing and settlement systems as well as exchanges) around the world. As a condition of membership, many of these VTNs require that members stand ready to pay a pro rata share of the losses incurred by the organization due to another member's default on its obligations. The Company's potential obligations may be limited to its membership interests in the VTNs, contributions to the VTN's funds, or, in limited cases, the obligation may be unlimited. The maximum exposure cannot be estimated as this would require an assessment of future claims that have not yet occurred. Citi believes the risk of loss is remote given historical experience with the VTNs. Accordingly, the Company's participation in VTNs is not reported in the Company's guarantees tables above, and there are no amounts reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012 for potential obligations that could arise from the Company's involvement with VTN associations.
Long-Term Care Insurance Indemnification
In the sale of an insurance subsidiary, the Company provided an indemnification to an insurance company for policyholder claims and other liabilities relating to a book of long-term care (LTC) business (for the entire term of the LTC policies) that is fully reinsured by another insurance company. The reinsurer has funded two trusts with securities whose fair value (approximately $5.2 billion at June 30, 2013, compared to $4.9 billion at December 31, 2012) is designed to cover the insurance company's statutory liabilities for the LTC policies. The assets in these trusts are evaluated and adjusted periodically to ensure that the fair value of the assets continues to cover the estimated statutory liabilities related to the LTC policies, as those statutory liabilities change over time.
If the reinsurer fails to perform under the reinsurance agreement for any reason, including insolvency, and the assets in the two trusts are insufficient or unavailable to the ceding insurance company, then Citigroup must indemnify the ceding insurance company for any losses actually incurred in connection with the LTC policies. Since both events would have to occur before Citi would become responsible for any payment to the ceding insurance company pursuant to its indemnification obligation, and the likelihood of such events occurring is currently not probable, there is no liability reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2013 related to this indemnification. Citi continues to closely monitor its potential exposure under this indemnification obligation.
Carrying Value—Guarantees and Indemnifications
At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the total carrying amounts of the liabilities related to the guarantees and indemnifications included in the tables above amounted to approximately $1.2 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively. The decrease in the carrying value is primarily related to certain derivative instruments where Citigroup obtained additional contract level details during the second quarter of 2013, resulting in some of these contracts no longer being considered guarantees by Citigroup. The carrying value of derivative instruments is included in either Trading account liabilities or Other liabilities, depending upon whether the derivative was entered into for trading or non-trading purposes. The carrying value of financial and performance guarantees is included in Other liabilities. For loans sold with recourse, the carrying value of the liability is included in Other liabilities. In addition, at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet included an allowance for credit losses of $1.1 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, relating to letters of credit and unfunded lending commitments.
Collateral
Cash collateral available to the Company to reimburse losses realized under these guarantees and indemnifications amounted to $46 billion and $39 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Securities and other marketable assets held as collateral amounted to $36 billion and $51 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The majority of collateral is held to reimburse losses realized under securities lending indemnifications. Additionally, letters of credit in favor of the Company held as collateral amounted to $4.7 billion and $3.4 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Other property may also be available to the Company to cover losses under certain guarantees and indemnifications; however, the value of such property has not been determined.
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Performance risk
Citi evaluates the performance risk of its guarantees based on the assigned referenced counterparty internal or external ratings. Where external ratings are used, investment-grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB and above, while anything below is considered non-investment grade. The Citi internal ratings are in line with the related external rating system. On certain underlying referenced credits or entities, ratings are not available. Such referenced credits are included in the "not rated" category. The maximum potential amount of the future payments related to guarantees and credit derivatives sold is determined to be the notional amount of these contracts, which is the par amount of the assets guaranteed.
Presented in the tables below are the maximum potential amounts of future payments that are classified based upon internal and external credit ratings as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. As previously mentioned, the determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on the notional amount of the guarantees without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. As such, the Company believes such amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these guarantees.
Derivative instruments deemed to be guarantees
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Credit Commitments and Lines of Credit
The table below summarizes Citigroup's credit commitments as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
Commercial and similar letters of credit
One- to four-family residential mortgages
Revolving open-end loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties
Commercial real estate, construction and land development
Credit card lines
Commercial and other consumer loan commitments
Other commitments and contingencies
The majority of unused commitments are contingent upon customers' maintaining specific credit standards. Commercial commitments generally have floating interest rates and fixed expiration dates and may require payment of fees. Such fees (net of certain direct costs) are deferred and, upon exercise of the commitment, amortized over the life of the loan or, if exercise is deemed remote, amortized over the commitment period.
A commercial letter of credit is an instrument by which Citigroup substitutes its credit for that of a customer to enable the customer to finance the purchase of goods or to incur other commitments. Citigroup issues a letter on behalf of its client to a supplier and agrees to pay the supplier upon presentation of documentary evidence that the supplier has performed in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit. When a letter of credit is drawn, the customer is then required to reimburse Citigroup.
A one- to four-family residential mortgage commitment is a written confirmation from Citigroup to a buyer of a property that the bank will advance the specified sums enabling the buyer to complete the purchase.
Revolving open-end loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties are essentially home equity lines of credit. A home equity line of credit is a loan secured by a primary residence or second home to the extent of the excess of fair market value over the debt outstanding for the first mortgage.
Commercial real estate, construction and land development include unused portions of commitments to extend credit for the purpose of financing commercial and multifamily residential properties as well as land development projects.
Both secured-by-real-estate and unsecured commitments are included in this line, as well as undistributed loan proceeds, where there is an obligation to advance for construction progress payments. However, this line only includes those extensions of credit that, once funded, will be classified as Total loans, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Citigroup provides credit to customers by issuing credit cards. The credit card lines are unconditionally cancellable by the issuer.
Commercial and other consumer loan commitments include overdraft and liquidity facilities, as well as commercial commitments to make or purchase loans, to purchase third-party receivables, to provide note issuance or revolving underwriting facilities and to invest in the form of equity. Amounts include $55 billion and $53 billion with an original maturity of less than one year at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
In addition, included in this line item are highly leveraged financing commitments, which are agreements that provide funding to a borrower with higher levels of debt (measured by the ratio of debt capital to equity capital of the borrower) than is generally considered normal for other companies. This type of financing is commonly employed in corporate acquisitions, management buy-outs and similar transactions.
Other commitments and contingencies include all other transactions related to commitments and contingencies not reported on the lines above.
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24. CONTINGENCIES
The following information supplements and amends, as applicable, the disclosures in Note 28 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013. For purposes of this Note, Citigroup, its affiliates and subsidiaries, and current and former officers, directors and employees, are sometimes collectively referred to as Citigroup and Related Parties.
In accordance with ASC 450 (formerly SFAS 5), Citigroup establishes accruals for litigation and regulatory matters, including matters disclosed herein, when Citigroup believes it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Once established, accruals are adjusted from time to time, as appropriate, in light of additional information. The amount of loss ultimately incurred in relation to matters for which an accrual has been established may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued for those matters.
If Citigroup has not accrued for a matter because the matter does not meet the criteria for accrual (as set forth above), or Citigroup believes an exposure to loss exists in excess of the amount accrued for a particular matter, in each case assuming a material loss is reasonably possible, Citigroup discloses the matter. In addition, for such matters, Citigroup discloses an estimate of the aggregate reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amounts accrued for those matters as to which an estimate can be made. At June 30, 2013, Citigroup's estimate was materially unchanged from its estimate of approximately $5 billion at December 31, 2012, as more fully described in Note 28 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As available information changes, the matters for which Citigroup is able to estimate, and the estimates themselves, will change. In addition, while many estimates presented in financial statements and other financial disclosure involve significant judgment and may be subject to significant uncertainty, estimates of the range of reasonably possible loss arising from litigation and regulatory proceedings are subject to particular uncertainties. For example, at the time of making an estimate, Citigroup may have only preliminary, incomplete or inaccurate information about the facts underlying the claim; its assumptions about the future rulings of the court or other tribunal on significant issues, or the behavior and incentives of adverse parties or regulators, may prove to be wrong; and the outcomes it is attempting to predict are often not amenable to the use of statistical or other quantitative analytical tools. In addition, from time to time an outcome may occur that Citigroup had not accounted for in its estimates because it had deemed such an outcome to be remote. For all these reasons, the amount of loss in excess of accruals ultimately incurred for the matters as to which an estimate has been made could be substantially higher or lower than the range of loss included in the estimate.
Subject to the foregoing, it is the opinion of Citigroup's management, based on current knowledge and after taking into account its current legal accruals, that the eventual outcome of all matters described in this Note would not be likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Citigroup. Nonetheless, given the substantial or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters, and the inherent unpredictability of such matters, an adverse outcome in certain of these matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on Citigroup's consolidated results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
For further information on ASC 450 and Citigroup's accounting and disclosure framework for litigation and regulatory matters, see Note 28 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit Crisis-Related Litigation and Other Matters
Mortgage-Related Litigation and Other Matters
Securities Actions: On August 1, 2013, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York entered an order finally approving the class action settlement in IN RE CITIGROUP INC. SECURITIES LITIGATION. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under the consolidated lead docket number 07 Civ. 9901 (S.D.N.Y.) (Stein, J.).
On July 23, 2013, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York held a fairness hearing in IN RE CITIGROUP INC. BOND LITIGATION. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under the consolidated lead docket number 07 Civ. 9522 (S.D.N.Y.) (Stein, J.).
On May 31, 2013, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York entered an order dismissing with prejudice the consolidated action INTERNATIONAL FUND MANAGEMENT S.A., ET AL. v. CITIGROUP INC., ET AL. and the individual action SWISSCANTO ASSET MANAGEMENT AG, ET AL. v. CITIGROUP INC., ET AL., pursuant to settlement agreements reached by the parties. Additional information relating to these actions is publicly available in court filings under the docket numbers 09 Civ. 8755 (S.D.N.Y.) (Stein, J.) and 12 Civ. 9050 (S.D.N.Y.) (Stein, J.).
Mortgage-Backed Securities and CDO Investor Actions and Repurchase Claims: On May 29, 2013, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York so-ordered the parties' stipulation of voluntary dismissal with prejudice in FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY v. CITIGROUP INC., ET AL. On June 24, 2013, the court entered orders of voluntary dismissal with prejudice and bar orders in FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY v. JPMORGAN CHASE & CO., ET AL. and FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY v. ALLY FINANCIAL INC., ET AL., dismissing with prejudice all claims against Citigroup in those actions. Additional information relating to these actions is publicly available in court filings under the docket numbers 11 Civ. 6196, 6188 and 7010 (S.D.N.Y.) (Cote, J.).
On April 30, 2013, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued an order reinstating certain RMBS claims on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of mortgage-backed securities issued by Residential Accredit Loans, Inc. in NEW JERSEY CARPENTERS HEALTH FUND v. RESIDENTIAL CAPITAL LLC, ET AL. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. is named as an underwriter defendant, along with several other underwriter defendants, in plaintiffs' consolidated third amended complaint, served on May 10, 2013. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under the docket number 08 Civ. 8781 (S.D.N.Y.) (Baer, J.).
As a result of these developments, among others, the aggregate original purchase amount of the purchases at issue in the pending RMBS and CDO investor suits, including claims that have been dismissed but are still subject to appeal or otherwise not fully resolved, is approximately $8 billion, and the aggregate original purchase amount of the purchases covered by tolling agreements with RMBS and CDO investors threatening litigation is approximately $6 billion.
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KIKOs
Prior to the devaluation of the Korean won in 2008, several local banks in Korea, including a Citigroup subsidiary (CKI), entered into foreign exchange derivative transactions with small and medium-size export businesses (SMEs) to enable the SMEs to hedge their currency risk. The derivatives had "knock-in, knock-out" features. Following the devaluation of the won, many of these SMEs incurred significant losses on the derivative transactions and filed civil lawsuits against the banks, including CKI. The claims generally allege that the products were not suitable and that the risk disclosure was inadequate.
As of June 30, 2013, there were 94 civil lawsuits filed by SMEs against CKI. To date, 84 decisions have been rendered at the district court level, and CKI has prevailed in 64 of those decisions. In the other 20 decisions, plaintiffs were awarded only a portion of the damages sought. The damage awards total in the aggregate approximately $28.0 million. CKI is appealing the 20 adverse decisions. A significant number of plaintiffs that had decisions rendered against them are also filing appeals, including plaintiffs that were awarded less than all of the damages they sought.
Of the 84 cases decided at the district court level, 62 have been appealed to the high court, including the 20 in which an adverse decision was rendered against CKI in the district court. Of the 22 appeals decided at high court level, CKI prevailed in 13 cases, and in the other nine plaintiffs were awarded partial damages, which increased the aggregate damages awarded against CKI by a further $9.8 million. CKI is appealing seven of the adverse decisions to the Korean Supreme Court.
Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy Proceedings
On May 6, 2013, Citibank, N.A. filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against Barclays Bank, PLC, seeking payment under a contractual indemnity for losses suffered as a result of foreign exchange trading by Lehman Brothers Inc. in September 2008. Citi is carrying a receivable in Other assets related to the expected recovery under the indemnity based on external counsel's assessment that Citi should prevail in litigation to enforce the indemnity. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under the docket number 13 Civ. 3063 (S.D.N.Y.) (Schofield, J.).
Lehman Structured Notes
On June 19, 2013, the Belgian Supreme Court upheld the May 2012 decision of the Brussels Court of Appeal dismissing all criminal charges against Citibank Belgium and its former employees.
Terra Firma Litigation
On May 31, 2013, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated the November 2010 jury verdict in favor of Citigroup and ordered that the case be retried. The action was remanded to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and retrial is scheduled to begin on October 7, 2013. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under the docket numbers 09 Civ. 10459 (S.D.N.Y.) (Rakoff, J.) and 11-0126-cv (2d Cir.).
Credit Default Swaps Matters
In April 2011, the European Commission (DG Competition) (the EC) opened an investigation (Case No COMP/39.745) concerning the market for pricing information concerning credit default swaps (CDS). On July 2, 2013, the EC served on Citigroup and Related Parties, as well as a dozen other CDS dealers, a Statement of Objections alleging that Citigroup and the other dealers colluded to prevent exchanges from entering the credit derivatives business. The Statement of Objections sets forth the EC case team's preliminary conclusions prior to hearing the dealers' defenses.
In July 2009 and September 2011, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice served Civil Investigative Demands (CIDs) on Citigroup concerning potential anticompetitive conduct in the CDS industry. Citigroup has responded to the CIDs and is cooperating with the investigation.
In addition, putative class action complaints have been filed by various entities against Citigroup, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Citibank, N.A., among other defendants, alleging anticompetitive conduct in the CDS industry and asserting various claims under Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act as well as a state law claim for unjust enrichment. Additional information relating to these actions is publicly available in court filings under the docket numbers 1:13-cv-03357 (N.D. Ill.), 1:13-cv-04979 (N.D. Ill.), 1:13-cv-04928 (S.D.N.Y.), 1:13-cv-05413 (N.D. Ill.), and 1:13-cv-05417 (N.D. Ill.).
Interbank Offered Rates—Related Litigation and Other Matters
Regulatory Actions: On June 14, 2013, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) announced the results of its review of the submissions processes from 2007 to 2011 of twenty banks, including Citibank, N.A. Singapore Branch, for benchmarks set in Singapore, including the Singapore Interbank Offered Rates (SIBOR), Swap Offered Rates, and foreign exchange benchmarks used to settle non-deliverable forward FX contracts. All of the banks, including Citibank, N.A. Singapore Branch, were found to have deficiencies in governance, risk management, internal controls, and surveillance systems relating to benchmark submissions, and all were required, among other things, to adopt certain corrective measures, to make quarterly reports to the MAS, and (with one exception) to deposit additional statutory reserves with the MAS for a period of one year.
Antitrust and Other Litigation: On May 20, 2013, an individual action was brought against Citigroup and Citibank, N.A., as well as other USD LIBOR panel banks on behalf of certain hedge funds that were parties to interest rate swap transactions. Based on allegations that the panel bank defendants manipulated USD LIBOR, plaintiffs assert claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, tortious interference with contract, civil conspiracy, and unjust enrichment, and seek compensatory damages. Additional information concerning this action is publicly available in court filings under docket number 1:13-cv-4018 (S.D.N.Y.) (Buchwald, J.).
Six individual actions were filed in federal courts in California, Texas, and Pennsylvania in June and July 2013 against Citigroup and related entities by municipal and state government entities claiming to have suffered losses as a result of purported LIBOR manipulation. These actions generally assert antitrust claims as well as claims under state law theories,
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and seek compensatory damages, various forms of enhanced damages, attorneys' fees, and injunctive relief. Additional information concerning these actions is publicly available in court filings under docket numbers 3:13-cv-1466 (S.D. Cal.) (Lorenz, J.), 3:13-cv-2921 (N.D. Cal.) (Chesney, J.), 3:13-cv-2979 (N.D. Cal.) (Tigar, J.), 2:13-cv-1476 (E.D. Cal.) (Mueller, J.), 4:13-cv-2149 (S.D. Tex.) (Hoyt, J.), and 2:13-cv-4352 (E.D. Pa.) (Restrepo. J.).
Interchange Fees Litigation
Numerous merchants, including large national merchants, have objected to or requested exclusion (opted out) from the class settlements, and some of those opting out have filed complaints against Visa, MasterCard, and in some instances one or more issuing banks. One of these suits, 7-ELEVEN, INC., ET AL. V. VISA INC., ET AL., names Citigroup as a defendant. Additional information concerning this action is publicly available in court filings under docket number 1:13-CV-04442 (S.D.N.Y.) (Hellerstein, J.).
Settlement Payments
Payments required in settlement agreements described above have been made or are covered by existing litigation accruals.
* * *
Additional matters asserting claims similar to those described above may be filed in the future.
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For a discussion of Citigroup's litigation and related matters, see Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Equity Security Repurchases
The following table summarizes Citigroup's equity security repurchases, which consisted entirely of common stock repurchases, during the three months ended June 30, 2013:
April 2013
Open market repurchases(1)
Employee transactions(2)
May 2013
June 2013
N/A Not applicable
For so long as the FDIC continues to hold any Citigroup trust preferred securities acquired pursuant to the exchange offers consummated in 2009, Citigroup is, subject to certain exemptions, generally restricted from redeeming or repurchasing any of its equity or trust preferred securities, or paying regular cash dividends in excess of $0.01 per share of common stock per quarter, which restrictions may be waived. The FDIC consented to Citi's 2013 Repurchase Program (as defined above). Any dividend on Citi's outstanding common stock would also be subject to regulatory approval and need to be made in compliance with Citi's obligations to its outstanding preferred stock.
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Exhibits
See Exhibit Index.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 2nd day of August, 2013.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
The total amount of securities authorized pursuant to any instrument defining rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company will furnish copies of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.
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