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Dow
DOW
#1146
Rank
$20.04 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$27.94
Share price
1.43%
Change (1 day)
-20.84%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿงช Chemicals
Categories
  1. Dow
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Submitted on 2022-07-22

Dow - 10-Q quarterly report FY


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________to__________

dow-20220630_g1.jpg

Commission
File Number
Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter,
Principal Office Address and Telephone Number
State of Incorporation or
Organization
I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.
001-38646Dow Inc.Delaware30-1128146
2211 H.H. Dow Way, Midland, MI 48674
(989) 636-1000
001-03433The Dow Chemical CompanyDelaware38-1285128
2211 H.H. Dow Way, Midland, MI 48674
(989) 636-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
RegistrantTitle of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Dow Inc.Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareDOWNew York Stock Exchange
The Dow Chemical Company0.500% Notes due March 15, 2027DOW/27New York Stock Exchange
The Dow Chemical Company1.125% Notes due March 15, 2032DOW/32New York Stock Exchange
The Dow Chemical Company1.875% Notes due March 15, 2040DOW/40New York Stock Exchange
The Dow Chemical Company4.625% Notes due October 1, 2044DOW/44New York Stock Exchange


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Dow Inc.☑Yes☐NoThe Dow Chemical Company☑Yes☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Dow Inc.☑Yes☐NoThe Dow Chemical Company☑Yes☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Dow Inc.
Large accelerated filer
☑Accelerated
filer 		☐Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐Emerging growth company ☐
The Dow Chemical CompanyLarge accelerated filer ☐Accelerated
filer 		☐
Non-accelerated filer
☑Smaller reporting company ☐Emerging growth company☐
1
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Dow Inc.
☐The Dow Chemical Company☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Dow Inc.☐Yes☑NoThe Dow Chemical Company☐Yes☑No

Dow Inc. had 718,167,477 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding at June 30, 2022. The Dow Chemical Company had 100 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding at June 30, 2022, all of which were held by the registrant’s parent, Dow Inc.

The Dow Chemical Company meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) for Form 10-Q and therefore is filing this form with a reduced disclosure format.
2
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  PAGE
Item 1.
Financial Statements.
5
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries:
5
6
7
8
9
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries:
10
11
12
13
14
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries and The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries:
15
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
44
46
53
61
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
62
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures.
62
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings.
63
Item 1A.
Risk Factors.
63
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
64
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures.
64
Item 5.
Other Information.
64
Item 6.
Exhibits.
65
67

3
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is a combined report being filed by Dow Inc. and The Dow Chemical Company and its consolidated subsidiaries (“TDCC” and together with Dow Inc., “Dow” or the "Company") due to the parent/subsidiary relationship between Dow Inc. and TDCC. The information reflected in the report is equally applicable to both Dow Inc. and TDCC, except where otherwise noted. Each of Dow Inc. and TDCC is filing information in this report on its own behalf and neither company makes any representation to the information relating to the other company.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements often address expected future business and financial performance, financial condition, and other matters, and often contain words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “opportunity,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” “would” and similar expressions, and variations or negatives of these words or phrases.

Forward-looking statements are based on current assumptions and expectations of future events that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that are beyond Dow’s control, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements and speak only as of the date the statements were made. These factors include, but are not limited to: sales of Dow’s products; Dow’s expenses, future revenues and profitability; the continuing global and regional economic impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic and other public health-related risks and events on Dow’s business; any sanction, export restrictions, supply chain disruptions or increased economic uncertainty related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine; capital requirements and need for and availability of financing; unexpected barriers in the development of technology, including with respect to Dow's contemplated capital and operating projects; Dow's ability to realize its commitment to carbon neutrality on the contemplated timeframe; size of the markets for Dow’s products and services and ability to compete in such markets; failure to develop and market new products and optimally manage product life cycles; the rate and degree of market acceptance of Dow’s products; significant litigation and environmental matters and related contingencies and unexpected expenses; the success of competing technologies that are or may become available; the ability to protect Dow’s intellectual property in the United States and abroad; developments related to contemplated restructuring activities and proposed divestitures or acquisitions such as workforce reduction, manufacturing facility and/or asset closure and related exit and disposal activities, and the benefits and costs associated with each of the foregoing; fluctuations in energy and raw material prices; management of process safety and product stewardship; changes in relationships with Dow’s significant customers and suppliers; changes in consumer preferences and demand; changes in laws and regulations, political conditions or industry development; global economic and capital markets conditions, such as inflation, market uncertainty, interest and currency exchange rates, and equity and commodity prices; business or supply disruptions; security threats, such as acts of sabotage, terrorism or war including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine; weather events and natural disasters; disruptions in Dow’s information technology networks and systems; and risks related to Dow’s separation from DowDuPont Inc. such as Dow’s obligation to indemnify DuPont de Nemours, Inc. and/or Corteva, Inc. for certain liabilities.

Where, in any forward-looking statement, an expectation or belief as to future results or events is expressed, such expectation or belief is based on the current plans and expectations of management and expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. A detailed discussion of principal risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included in the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. These are not the only risks and uncertainties that Dow faces. There may be other risks and uncertainties that Dow is unable to identify at this time or that Dow does not currently expect to have a material impact on its business. If any of those risks or uncertainties develops into an actual event, it could have a material adverse effect on Dow’s business. Dow and TDCC assume no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by securities and other applicable laws.
4
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millions, except per share amounts (Unaudited)Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021		Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Net sales$15,664 $13,885 $30,928 $25,767 
Cost of sales12,899 10,740 25,301 20,802 
Research and development expenses217 228 435 422 
Selling, general and administrative expenses435 440 933 806 
Amortization of intangibles85 100 173 201 
Restructuring and asset related charges - net— 22 186 22 
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates195 278 369 502 
Sundry income (expense) - net75 (3)223 125 
Interest income36 13 64 21 
Interest expense and amortization of debt discount165 187 332 383 
Income before income taxes2,169 2,456 4,224 3,779 
Provision for income taxes488 524 991 841 
Net income1,681 1,932 3,233 2,938 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests20 31 3 46 
Net income available for Dow Inc. common stockholders$1,661 $1,901 $3,230 $2,892 
Per common share data:
Earnings per common share - basic$2.28 $2.53 $4.40 $3.86 
Earnings per common share - diluted$2.26 $2.51 $4.37 $3.83 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic725.7 747.0 730.2 745.9 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted731.5 752.9 735.6 751.4 
Depreciation$486 $518 $977 $1,033 
Capital expenditures$457 $333 $772 $622 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

5
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millions (Unaudited)Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021		Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Net income$1,681 $1,932 $3,233 $2,938 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments(153)17 (249)(32)
Cumulative translation adjustments(514)65 (678)(188)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans122 149 231 1,283 
Derivative instruments137 6 469 116 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(408)237 (227)1,179 
Comprehensive income1,273 2,169 3,006 4,117 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax20 31 3 46 
Comprehensive income attributable to Dow Inc.$1,253 $2,138 $3,003 $4,071 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

6
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets

In millions, except share amounts (Unaudited)
Jun 30,
2022		Dec 31,
2021
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$2,367 $2,988 
Accounts and notes receivable:
Trade (net of allowance for doubtful receivables - 2022: $212; 2021: $54)
7,474 6,841 
Other2,243 2,713 
Inventories8,225 7,372 
Other current assets1,460 934 
Total current assets21,769 20,848 
Investments
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates1,862 2,045 
Other investments (investments carried at fair value - 2022: $1,753; 2021: $2,079)
2,782 3,193 
Noncurrent receivables537 478 
Total investments5,181 5,716 
Property
Property57,180 57,604 
Less: Accumulated depreciation37,020 37,049 
Net property20,160 20,555 
Other Assets
Goodwill8,605 8,764 
Other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization - 2022: $4,833; 2021: $4,725)
2,616 2,881 
Operating lease right-of-use assets1,272 1,412 
Deferred income tax assets1,118 1,358 
Deferred charges and other assets1,422 1,456 
Total other assets15,033 15,871 
Total Assets$62,143 $62,990 
Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities
Notes payable$295 $161 
Long-term debt due within one year361 231 
Accounts payable:
Trade5,693 5,577 
Other2,824 2,839 
Operating lease liabilities - current290 314 
Income taxes payable462 623 
Accrued and other current liabilities3,384 3,481 
Total current liabilities13,309 13,226 
Long-Term Debt13,065 14,280 
Other Noncurrent Liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities752 506 
Pension and other postretirement benefits - noncurrent6,934 7,557 
Asbestos-related liabilities - noncurrent887 931 
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent1,043 1,149 
Other noncurrent obligations6,646 6,602 
Total other noncurrent liabilities16,262 16,745 
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock (authorized 5,000,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value each;
issued 2022: 768,558,885 shares; 2021: 764,226,882 shares)
8 8 
Additional paid-in capital8,343 8,151 
Retained earnings22,827 20,623 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(9,204)(8,977)
Unearned ESOP shares— (15)
Treasury stock at cost (2022: 50,391,408 shares; 2021: 29,011,573 shares)
(3,001)(1,625)
Dow Inc.’s stockholders’ equity18,973 18,165 
Noncontrolling interests534 574 
Total equity19,507 18,739 
Total Liabilities and Equity$62,143 $62,990 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

7
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
In millions (Unaudited)Six Months Ended
Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Operating Activities
Net income$3,233 $2,938 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization1,436 1,462 
Provision for deferred income tax348 388 
Earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates less than (in excess of) dividends received289 (283)
Net periodic pension benefit cost14 29 
Pension contributions(89)(1,109)
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets, businesses and investments6 (50)
Restructuring and asset related charges - net186 22 
Other net loss92 224 
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquired and divested companies:
Accounts and notes receivable(767)(1,903)
Inventories(908)(1,278)
Accounts payable69 1,357 
Other assets and liabilities, net(441)(4)
Cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations3,468 1,793 
Cash used for operating activities - discontinued operations(11)(80)
Cash provided by operating activities3,457 1,713 
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures(772)(622)
Investment in gas field developments(80)(24)
Purchases of previously leased assets(3)(3)
Proceeds from sales of property and businesses, net of cash divested5 10 
Acquisitions of property and businesses, net of cash acquired— (107)
Investments in and loans to nonconsolidated affiliates(33)— 
Distributions and loan repayments from nonconsolidated affiliates10 11 
Proceeds from sales of ownership interests in nonconsolidated affiliates11 — 
Purchases of investments(278)(560)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments418 527 
Other investing activities, net(41)— 
Cash used for investing activities(763)(768)
Financing Activities
Changes in short-term notes payable180 (38)
Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt greater than three months— 72 
Payments on short-term debt greater than three months(14)— 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt49 68 
Payments on long-term debt(927)(1,425)
Purchases of treasury stock(1,400)(200)
Proceeds from issuance of stock97 200 
Transaction financing, debt issuance and other costs(7)(95)
Employee taxes paid for share-based payment arrangements(34)(11)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(22)(28)
Dividends paid to stockholders(1,018)(1,043)
Cash used for financing activities(3,096)(2,500)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(162)(12)
Summary
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(564)(1,567)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period3,033 5,108 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$2,469 $3,541 
Less: Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in "Other current assets"102 50 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$2,367 $3,491 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
8
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Equity
 
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millions, except per share amounts (Unaudited)Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021		Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Common Stock
Balance at beginning and end of period$8 $8 $8 $8 
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance at beginning of period8,217 7,743 8,151 7,595 
Common stock issued/sold62 73 97 200 
Stock-based compensation and allocation of ESOP shares84 82 119 103 
Treasury stock issuances - compensation and benefit plans(20)— (24)— 
Balance at end of period8,343 7,898 8,343 7,898 
Retained Earnings
Balance at beginning of period21,672 16,829 20,623 16,361 
Net income available for Dow Inc. common stockholders1,661 1,901 3,230 2,892 
Dividends to stockholders(505)(522)(1,018)(1,043)
Other(1)(8)(8)(10)
Balance at end of period22,827 18,200 22,827 18,200 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at beginning of period(8,796)(9,913)(8,977)(10,855)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(408)237 (227)1,179 
Balance at end of period(9,204)(9,676)(9,204)(9,676)
Unearned ESOP Shares
Balance at beginning of period— (39)(15)(49)
Allocation of ESOP shares— 7 15 17 
Balance at end of period— (32)— (32)
Treasury Stock
Balance at beginning of period(2,221)(625)(1,625)(625)
Treasury stock purchases(800)(200)(1,400)(200)
Treasury stock issuances - compensation and benefit plans20 — 24 — 
Balance at end of period(3,001)(825)(3,001)(825)
Dow Inc.'s stockholders' equity18,973 15,573 18,973 15,573 
Noncontrolling Interests534 580 534 580 
Total Equity$19,507 $16,153 $19,507 $16,153 
Dividends declared per share of common stock$0.70 $0.70 $1.40 $1.40 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

9
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millions (Unaudited)Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021		Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Net sales$15,664 $13,885 $30,928 $25,767 
Cost of sales12,899 10,739 25,297 20,800 
Research and development expenses217 228 435 422 
Selling, general and administrative expenses434 440 932 806 
Amortization of intangibles85 100 173 201 
Restructuring and asset related charges - net— 22 186 22 
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates195 278 369 502 
Sundry income (expense) - net78 6 214 125 
Interest income38 13 66 21 
Interest expense and amortization of debt discount165 187 332 383 
Income before income taxes2,175 2,466 4,222 3,781 
Provision for income taxes488 521 991 838 
Net income1,687 1,945 3,231 2,943 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests20 31 3 46 
Net income available for The Dow Chemical Company common stockholder$1,667 $1,914 $3,228 $2,897 
Depreciation$486 $518 $977 $1,033 
Capital expenditures$457 $333 $772 $622 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

10
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millions (Unaudited)Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021		Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Net income$1,687 $1,945 $3,231 $2,943 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments(153)17 (249)(32)
Cumulative translation adjustments(514)65 (678)(188)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans122 149 231 1,283 
Derivative instruments137 6 469 116 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(408)237 (227)1,179 
Comprehensive income1,279 2,182 3,004 4,122 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax20 31 3 46 
Comprehensive income attributable to The Dow Chemical Company$1,259 $2,151 $3,001 $4,076 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets

In millions, except share amounts (Unaudited)
Jun 30,
2022		Dec 31,
2021
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$2,367 $2,988 
Accounts and notes receivable:
Trade (net of allowance for doubtful receivables - 2022: $212; 2021: $54)
7,474 6,841 
Other2,242 2,712 
Inventories8,225 7,372 
Other current assets1,425 924 
Total current assets21,733 20,837 
Investments
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates1,862 2,045 
Other investments (investments carried at fair value - 2022: $1,753; 2021: $2,079)
2,782 3,193 
Noncurrent receivables527 452 
Total investments5,171 5,690 
Property
Property57,180 57,604 
Less accumulated depreciation37,020 37,049 
Net property20,160 20,555 
Other Assets
Goodwill8,605 8,764 
Other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization - 2022: $4,833; 2021: $4,725)
2,616 2,881 
Operating lease right-of-use assets1,272 1,412 
Deferred income tax assets1,118 1,358 
Deferred charges and other assets1,421 1,455 
Total other assets15,032 15,870 
Total Assets$62,096 $62,952 
Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities
Notes payable$295 $161 
Long-term debt due within one year361 231 
Accounts payable:
Trade5,692 5,577 
Other2,824 2,841 
Operating lease liabilities - current290 314 
Income taxes payable462 623 
Accrued and other current liabilities3,232 3,299 
Total current liabilities13,156 13,046 
Long-Term Debt13,065 14,280 
Other Noncurrent Liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities752 506 
Pension and other postretirement benefits - noncurrent6,934 7,557 
Asbestos-related liabilities - noncurrent887 931 
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent1,043 1,149 
Other noncurrent obligations6,505 6,454 
Total other noncurrent liabilities16,121 16,597 
Stockholder's Equity
Common stock (authorized and issued 100 shares of $0.01 par value each)
— — 
Additional paid-in capital8,375 8,159 
Retained earnings20,049 19,288 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(9,204)(8,977)
Unearned ESOP shares— (15)
The Dow Chemical Company’s stockholder's equity19,220 18,455 
Noncontrolling interests534 574 
Total equity19,754 19,029 
Total Liabilities and Equity$62,096 $62,952 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
In millions (Unaudited)Six Months Ended
Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Operating Activities
Net income$3,231 $2,943 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization1,436 1,462 
Provision for deferred income tax348 388 
Earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates less than (in excess of) dividends received289 (283)
Net periodic pension benefit cost14 29 
Pension contributions(89)(1,109)
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets, businesses and investments6 (50)
Restructuring and asset related charges - net186 22 
Other net loss97 224 
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquired and divested companies:
Accounts and notes receivable(767)(1,903)
Inventories(908)(1,278)
Accounts payable69 1,357 
Other assets and liabilities, net(419)110 
Cash provided by operating activities3,493 1,912 
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures(772)(622)
Investment in gas field developments(80)(24)
Purchases of previously leased assets(3)(3)
Proceeds from sales of property and businesses, net of cash divested5 10 
Acquisitions of property and businesses, net of cash acquired— (107)
Investments in and loans to nonconsolidated affiliates(33)— 
Distributions and loan repayments from nonconsolidated affiliates10 11 
Proceeds from sales of ownership interests in nonconsolidated affiliates11 — 
Purchases of investments(278)(560)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments418 527 
Other investing activities, net(41)— 
Cash used for investing activities(763)(768)
Financing Activities
Changes in short-term notes payable180 (38)
Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt greater than three months— 72 
Payments on short-term debt greater than three months(14)— 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt49 68 
Payments on long-term debt(927)(1,425)
Proceeds from issuance of stock97 200 
Transaction financing, debt issuance and other costs(7)(95)
Employee taxes paid for share-based payment arrangements(34)(11)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(22)(28)
Dividends paid to Dow Inc.(2,454)(1,442)
Cash used for financing activities(3,132)(2,699)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(162)(12)
Summary
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(564)(1,567)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period3,033 5,108 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$2,469 $3,541 
Less: Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in "Other current assets"102 50 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$2,367 $3,491 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Equity
 
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millions (Unaudited)Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021		Jun 30,
2022		Jun 30,
2021
Common Stock
Balance at beginning and end of period$— $— $— $— 
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance at beginning of period8,229 7,751 8,159 7,603 
Issuance of parent company stock - Dow Inc.62 73 97 200 
Stock-based compensation and allocation of ESOP shares84 82 119 103 
Balance at end of period8,375 7,906 8,375 7,906 
Retained Earnings
Balance at beginning of period19,721 16,577 19,288 16,300 
 Net income available for The Dow Chemical Company common stockholder1,667 1,914 3,228 2,897 
Dividends to Dow Inc.(1,333)(739)(2,454)(1,442)
Other(6)(7)(13)(10)
Balance at end of period20,049 17,745 20,049 17,745 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at beginning of period(8,796)(9,913)(8,977)(10,855)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(408)237 (227)1,179 
Balance at end of period(9,204)(9,676)(9,204)(9,676)
Unearned ESOP Shares
Balance at beginning of period— (39)(15)(49)
Allocation of ESOP shares— 7 15 17 
Balance at end of period— (32)— (32)
The Dow Chemical Company's stockholder's equity19,220 15,943 19,220 15,943 
Noncontrolling Interests534 580 534 580 
Total Equity$19,754 $16,523 $19,754 $16,523 
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.










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Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
(Unaudited)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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NOTE 1 – CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Basis of Presentation
Dow Inc. is the direct parent company of The Dow Chemical Company and its consolidated subsidiaries ("TDCC" and together with Dow Inc., "Dow" or the "Company"). The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Dow Inc. and TDCC were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) which, in the opinion of management, are considered necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the combined Dow Inc. and TDCC Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 ("2021 10-K").

As a result of the parent/subsidiary relationship between Dow Inc. and TDCC, and considering that the financial statements and disclosures of each company are substantially similar, the companies are filing a combined report for this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The information reflected in the report is equally applicable to both Dow Inc. and TDCC, except where otherwise noted. Transactions between TDCC and Dow Inc. are treated as related party transactions for TDCC. See Note 21 for additional information.

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, the term "Union Carbide" means Union Carbide Corporation and the term "Dow Silicones" means Dow Silicones Corporation, both wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company.

15
NOTE 2 – SEPARATION FROM DOWDUPONT
For additional information on the separation from DowDuPont Inc. ("DowDuPont"), see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

Agreements Related to the Separation and Distribution
The impacts of indemnifications and other post-separation matters relating to Dow's separation from DowDuPont were primarily included in the consolidated financial statements of Dow Inc. At June 30, 2022, the Company had assets of $19 million (zero at December 31, 2021) included in "Other current assets" and $2 million ($20 million at December 31, 2021) included in "Noncurrent receivables," and liabilities of $123 million ($148 million at December 31, 2021) included in "Accrued and other current liabilities" and $33 million ($39 million at December 31, 2021) included in "Other noncurrent obligations" in the consolidated balance sheets of Dow Inc. related to these agreements.

In addition, the Company deferred a portion of the cash distribution received from DowDuPont at separation and recorded an associated liability with an offset to "Retained earnings" in the consolidated balance sheets of Dow Inc. At June 30, 2022, $10 million ($15 million at December 31, 2021) of this liability was recorded in "Accrued and other current liabilities" and $96 million ($96 million at December 31, 2021) was recorded in "Other noncurrent obligations" in the consolidated balance sheets of Dow Inc.


NOTE 3 – REVENUE
Revenue Recognition
The majority of the Company's revenue is derived from product sales. The Company's revenue related to product sales was 99 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 (98 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021). The remaining sales were primarily related to the Company's insurance operations and licensing of patents and technologies. Product sales consist of sales of the Company's products to manufacturers and distributors. The Company considers order confirmations or purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master supply agreements, to be contracts with a customer. The Company enters into licensing arrangements in which it licenses certain rights of its patents and technology to customers. Revenue from the Company’s licenses for patents and technology is derived from sales-based royalties and licensing arrangements based on billing schedules established in each contract.

Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations. At June 30, 2022, the Company had unfulfilled performance obligations of $911 million ($829 million at December 31, 2021) related to the licensing of technology. The Company expects revenue to be recognized for the remaining performance obligations over the next five years.

The remaining performance obligations are for product sales that have expected durations of one year or less, product sales of materials delivered through a pipeline for which the Company has elected the right to invoice practical expedient, or variable consideration attributable to royalties for licenses of patents and technology. The Company has received advance payments from customers related to long-term supply agreements that are deferred and recognized over the life of the contract, with remaining contract terms that range up to 18 years. The Company will have rights to future consideration for revenue recognized when product is delivered to the customer. These payments are included in "Accrued and other current liabilities" and "Other noncurrent obligations" in the consolidated balance sheets.

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Disaggregation of Revenue
The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by operating segment and business, as the Company believes it best depicts the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows. See details in the tables below:

Net Trade Sales by Segment and BusinessThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Hydrocarbons & Energy$2,779 $2,008 $5,195 $3,759 
Packaging and Specialty Plastics5,454 5,113 10,665 9,444 
Packaging & Specialty Plastics$8,233 $7,121 $15,860 $13,203 
Industrial Solutions $1,446 $1,201 $2,961 $2,250 
Polyurethanes & Construction Chemicals2,919 3,012 5,924 5,568 
Other5 2 9 4 
Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure$4,370 $4,215 $8,894 $7,822 
Coatings & Performance Monomers$1,129 $1,010 $2,204 $1,865 
Consumer Solutions1,874 1,455 3,848 2,723 
Performance Materials & Coatings$3,003 $2,465 $6,052 $4,588 
Corporate$58 $84 $122 $154 
Total$15,664 $13,885 $30,928 $25,767 

Net Trade Sales by Geographic RegionThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
U.S. & Canada$5,707 $4,927 $11,244 $8,955 
EMEAI 1
5,677 5,102 11,189 9,431 
Asia Pacific2,673 2,479 5,426 4,844 
Latin America1,607 1,377 3,069 2,537 
Total$15,664 $13,885 $30,928 $25,767 
1.Europe, Middle East, Africa and India.

Contract Assets and Liabilities
The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets include amounts related to the Company's contractual right to consideration for completed performance obligations not yet invoiced. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are recognized in revenue when the performance obligations are met. "Contract liabilities - current" primarily reflects deferred revenue from prepayments from customers for product to be delivered in 12 months or less and royalty payments that are deferred and will be recognized in 12 months or less. "Contract liabilities - noncurrent" includes advance payments that the Company has received from customers related to long-term supply agreements and royalty payments that are deferred and recognized over the life of the contract.

Revenue recognized in the first six months of 2022 from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period was approximately $105 million (approximately $180 million in the first six months of 2021). In the first six months of 2022 and 2021, the amount of contract assets reclassified to receivables as a result of the right to the transaction consideration becoming unconditional was insignificant.

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The following table summarizes contract assets and liabilities at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Contract Assets and LiabilitiesBalance Sheet ClassificationJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Accounts and notes receivable - tradeAccounts and notes receivable - trade$7,474 $6,841 
Contract assets - currentOther current assets$36 $34 
Contract assets - noncurrentDeferred charges and other assets$25 $26 
Contract liabilities - currentAccrued and other current liabilities$259 $209 
Contract liabilities - noncurrent 1
Other noncurrent obligations$1,818 $1,925 
1.The decrease from December 31, 2021 to June 30, 2022 was due to the recognition of revenue on long-term product supply agreements and reclassification of deferred royalty payments from noncurrent to current.


NOTE 4 – RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET RELATED CHARGES - NET
Charges for restructuring programs and other asset related charges, which includes asset impairments, are recorded in "Restructuring and asset related charges - net" in the consolidated statements of income. For additional information on the Company's restructuring programs, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

2020 Restructuring Program
Actions related to the restructuring program approved by the Board of Dow Inc. on September 29, 2020 ("2020 Restructuring Program") were substantially complete at the end of 2021, with the exception of certain cash payments that will continue through 2022 and into 2023. The following table summarizes the activities related to the 2020 Restructuring Program since January 1, 2021:

2020 Restructuring ProgramSeverance and Related Benefit CostsAsset Write-downs and Write-offsCosts Associated with Exit and Disposal ActivitiesTotal
In millions
Reserve balance at Jan 1, 2021$289 $— $75 $364 
Cash payments(37)— (12)(49)
Reserve balance at Mar 31, 2021$252 $— $63 $315 
Packaging & Specialty Plastics$— $— $8 $8 
Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure— 1 — 1 
Performance Materials & Coatings— 8 2 10 
Corporate— 3 — 3 
Total restructuring charges$— $12 $10 $22 
Charges against the reserve— (12)— (12)
Cash payments(53)— (3)(56)
Reserve balance at Jun 30, 2021$199 $— $70 $269 
Cash payments(55)— (2)(57)
Reserve balance at Sep 30, 2021$144 $— $68 $212 
Restructuring charges - Corporate$(10)$— $— $(10)
Cash payments(30)— (4)(34)
Reserve balance at Dec 31, 2021$104 $— $64 $168 
Cash payments(59)— (1)(60)
Reserve balance at Mar 31, 2022$45 $— $63 $108 
Cash payments(8)— (2)(10)
Reserve balance at Jun 30, 2022$37 $— $61 $98 

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At June 30, 2022, $44 million of the reserve balance was included in "Accrued and other current liabilities" ($112 million at December 31, 2021) and $54 million was included in "Other noncurrent obligations" ($56 million at December 31, 2021) in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company recorded pretax restructuring charges of $585 million inception-to-date under the 2020 Restructuring Program, consisting of severance and related benefit costs of $287 million, asset write-downs and write-offs of $208 million and costs associated with exit and disposal activities of $90 million.

The Company expects to incur additional costs in the future related to its restructuring activities. Future costs are expected to include demolition costs related to closed facilities and restructuring implementation costs; these costs will be recognized as incurred. The Company also expects to incur additional employee-related costs, including involuntary termination benefits, related to its other optimization activities. These costs cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

2022 Asset Related Charges
In the first quarter of 2022, the Company recorded pretax asset related charges of $186 million due to the Russia and Ukraine conflict and the expectation that certain assets will not be recoverable. These charges included the write-down of inventory, the recording of bad debt reserves and the impairment of other assets. Asset related charges by segment were as follows: $31 million in Packaging & Specialty Plastics, $109 million in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure, $16 million in Performance Materials & Coatings and $30 million in Corporate.


NOTE 5 – SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Dow Inc. Sundry Income (Expense) – NetThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Non-operating pension and other postretirement benefit plan net credits 1
$89 $86 $178 $161 
Foreign exchange losses(17)(8)(15)(16)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 2
(8)(102)(8)(102)
Gains on sales of other assets and investments12 14 43 62 
Indemnification and other transaction related costs 3
(8)(5)4 (5)
Other - net7 12 21 25 
Total sundry income (expense) – net$75 $(3)$223 $125 
1.See Note 16 for additional information.
2.See Note 11 for additional information.
3.See Note 2 for additional information.

TDCC Sundry Income (Expense) – NetThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Non-operating pension and other postretirement benefit plan net credits 1
$89 $86 $178 $161 
Foreign exchange losses(22)(4)(20)(16)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 2
(8)(102)(8)(102)
Gains on sales of other assets and investments12 14 43 62 
Other - net7 12 21 20 
Total sundry income (expense) – net$78 $6 $214 $125 
1.See Note 16 for additional information.
2.See Note 11 for additional information.
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NOTE 6 - EARNINGS PER SHARE CALCULATIONS
The following tables provide earnings per share calculations for Dow Inc. for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Earnings per share of TDCC is not presented as this information is not required in financial statements of wholly owned subsidiaries.

Net Income for Earnings Per Share CalculationsThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Net income$1,681 $1,932 $3,233 $2,938 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests20 31 3 46 
Net income attributable to participating securities 1
9 10 17 15 
Net income attributable to common stockholders$1,652 $1,891 $3,213 $2,877 

Earnings Per Share - Basic and DilutedThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
Dollars per shareJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Earnings per common share - basic$2.28 $2.53 $4.40 $3.86 
Earnings per common share - diluted$2.26 $2.51 $4.37 $3.83 

Share Count InformationThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
Shares in millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic725.7 747.0 730.2 745.9 
Plus dilutive effect of equity compensation plans5.8 5.9 5.4 5.5 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted731.5 752.9 735.6 751.4 
Stock options and restricted stock units excluded from EPS calculations 2
4.0 3.8 5.4 4.8 
1.Restricted stock units are considered participating securities due to the Company's practice of paying dividend equivalents on unvested shares.
2.These outstanding options to purchase shares of common stock and restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect of including them would have been antidilutive.


NOTE 7 – INVENTORIES
The following table provides a breakdown of inventories:

InventoriesJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Finished goods$5,174 $4,554 
Work in process1,994 1,615 
Raw materials1,024 822 
Supplies871 866 
Total$9,063 $7,857 
Adjustment of inventories to a LIFO basis(838)(485)
Total inventories$8,225 $7,372 


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NOTE 8 – NONCONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES
For additional information on the Company’s nonconsolidated affiliates, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

The Company's investments in companies accounted for using the equity method ("nonconsolidated affiliates"), by classification in the consolidated balance sheets, and dividends received from nonconsolidated affiliates are shown in the following tables:

Investments in Nonconsolidated AffiliatesJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates$1,862 $2,045 
Other noncurrent obligations(103)— 
Net investment in nonconsolidated affiliates$1,759 $2,045 

Dividends from Nonconsolidated AffiliatesSix Months Ended
In millions
Jun 30, 2022 1
Jun 30, 2021 2
Dividends from nonconsolidated affiliates$736 $219 
1.$658 million included in "Earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates less than (in excess of) dividends received" in the consolidated statements of cash flows and $78 million included in "Accounts and notes receivable - Other" in the consolidated balance sheets.
2.Included in "Earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates less than (in excess of) dividends received" in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In the first half of 2022, EQUATE Petrochemical Company K.S.C.C. ("EQUATE") paid dividends of $397 million ($79 million in the first half of 2021), reflected in "Earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates less than (in excess of) dividends received" in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result, at June 30, 2022, the Company had a negative investment balance in EQUATE of $103 million included in "Other noncurrent obligations" (positive $115 million at December 31, 2021 included in "Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates") in the consolidated balance sheets.


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NOTE 9 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table shows changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:

GoodwillPackaging & Specialty PlasticsIndustrial Intermediates & InfrastructurePerformance Materials & CoatingsTotal
In millions
Net goodwill at Dec 31, 2021
$5,105 $1,096 $2,563 $8,764 
Foreign currency impact(8)(4)(147)(159)
Net goodwill at Jun 30, 2022
$5,097 $1,092 $2,416 $8,605 

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s other intangible assets:

Other Intangible AssetsJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millionsGross Carrying AmountAccum AmortNetGross Carrying AmountAccum AmortNet
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Developed technology $2,633 $(1,947)$686 $2,637 $(1,871)$766 
Software1,368 (950)418 1,396 (945)451 
Trademarks/tradenames352 (345)7 352 (344)8 
Customer-related3,079 (1,591)1,488 3,204 (1,565)1,639 
Total other intangible assets, finite lives$7,432 $(4,833)$2,599 $7,589 $(4,725)$2,864 
In-process research and development17 — 17 17 — 17 
Total other intangible assets$7,449 $(4,833)$2,616 $7,606 $(4,725)$2,881 

The following table provides information regarding amortization expense related to intangible assets:

Amortization ExpenseThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Other intangible assets, excluding software$85 $100 $173 $201 
Software, included in “Cost of sales” $20 $23 $40 $45 

Total estimated amortization expense for 2022 and the five succeeding fiscal years, including amounts expected to be capitalized, is as follows:

Estimated Amortization Expense
In millions
2022$415 
2023$381 
2024$362 
2025$271 
2026$196 
2027$164 

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NOTE 10 – TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Accounts Receivable Programs
The Company maintains committed accounts receivable facilities with various financial institutions, including in the United States, which expires in November 2022 (“U.S. A/R Program”) and in Europe, which expires in July 2023 (“Europe A/R Program” and together with the U.S. A/R Program, "the Programs"). Under the terms of the Programs, the Company may sell certain eligible trade accounts receivable at any point in time, up to $900 million for the U.S. A/R Program and up to €500 million for the Europe A/R Program. Under the terms of the Programs, the Company continues to service the receivables from the customer, but retains no interest in the receivables, and remits payment to the financial institutions. The Company also provides a guarantee to the financial institutions for the creditworthiness and collection of the receivables in satisfaction of the facility. See Note 12 for additional information related to guarantees. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company sold $141 million of receivables under the Programs ($391 million in the first six months of 2022; zero for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021).


NOTE 11 – NOTES PAYABLE, LONG-TERM DEBT AND AVAILABLE CREDIT FACILITIES
Notes PayableJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Commercial paper$200$—
Notes payable to banks and other lenders95161
Total notes payable$295$161
Period-end average interest rates4.59 %5.78 %

Long-Term Debt
2022 Average Rate
Jun 30, 2022
2021 Average Rate
Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Promissory notes and debentures:
Final maturity 2022— %$— 8.64 %$121 
Final maturity 20237.63 %250 7.63 %250 
Final maturity 20255.63 %333 5.63 %333 
Final maturity 2026— %— 3.63 %750 
Final maturity 2028 and thereafter 1
5.15 %9,364 5.15 %9,363 
Other facilities:
Foreign currency notes and loans, various rates and maturities1.16 %2,492 1.17 %2,730 
InterNotes®, varying maturities through 20523.44 %436 3.37 %392 
Finance lease obligations 2
826 869 
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs(275)(297)
Long-term debt due within one year 3
(361)(231)
Long-term debt$13,065 $14,280 
1.Cost includes net fair value hedge adjustment gains of $47 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See Note 18 for additional information.
2.See Note 13 for additional information.
3.Presented net of current portion of unamortized debt issuance costs.

Maturities of Long-Term Debt for Next Five Years at Jun 30, 2022
In millions
2022$58 
2023$388 
2024$81 
2025$386 
2026$78 
2027$1,113 

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2022 Activity
In the second quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed $750 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625 percent notes due May 2026. As a result of the redemption, the Company recognized a pretax loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $8 million, included in "Sundry income (expense) - net" in the consolidated statements of income and related to Corporate.

In the first six months of 2022, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $49 million of InterNotes®. The Company also repaid approximately $121 million of long-term debt at maturity.

2021 Activity
In the second quarter of 2021, the Company redeemed $208 million aggregate principal amount of 3.15 percent notes due May 2024 and $811 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50 percent notes due October 2024. As a result of the redemptions, the Company recognized a pretax loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $101 million, included in "Sundry income (expense) - net" in the consolidated statements of income and related to Corporate.

In the first six months of 2021, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $68 million of InterNotes®, and redeemed an aggregate principal amount of $18 million at maturity. In addition, the Company voluntarily repaid an aggregate principal amount of $204 million of InterNotes® with various maturities. As a result, the Company recognized a pretax loss on the early extinguishment of debt for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 of $1 million, included in "Sundry income (expense) - net" in the consolidated statements of income and related to Corporate. The Company also repaid approximately $120 million of long-term debt at maturity and approximately $13 million of long-term debt was repaid by consolidated variable interest entities.

Available Credit Facilities
The following table summarizes the Company's credit facilities:

Committed and Available Credit Facilities at Jun 30, 2022
In millionsCommitted CreditAvailable CreditMaturity DateInterest
Five Year Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Facility$5,000 $5,000 November 2026Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility200 200 September 2022Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility200 200 November 2022Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility200 200 September 2023Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility250 250 September 2023Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility300 300 September 2023Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility300 300 December 2023Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility300 300 December 2023Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility100 100 October 2024Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility200 200 November 2024Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility100 100 March 2025Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility250 250 March 2025Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility100 100 March 2025Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility100 100 March 2025Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility100 100 March 2026Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility100 100 October 2026Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility150 150 November 2026Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility100 100 May 2027Floating rate
Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility350 350 June 2027Floating rate
Total committed and available credit facilities$8,400 $8,400 

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Debt Covenants and Default Provisions
There were no material changes to the debt covenants and default provisions related to the Company's outstanding long-term debt and primary, private credit agreements in the first six months of 2022. For additional information on the Company's debt covenants and default provisions, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.


NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
A summary of the Company's commitments and contingencies can be found in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Environmental Matters
Accruals for environmental matters are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated, based on current law and existing technologies. At June 30, 2022, the Company had accrued obligations of $1,238 million for probable environmental remediation and restoration costs ($1,220 million at December 31, 2021), including $241 million for the remediation of Superfund sites ($237 million at December 31, 2021). This is management’s best estimate of the costs for remediation and restoration with respect to environmental matters for which the Company has accrued liabilities, although it is reasonably possible that the ultimate cost with respect to these particular matters could range up to approximately two times that amount. Consequently, it is reasonably possible that environmental remediation and restoration costs in excess of amounts accrued could have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. It is the opinion of the Company’s management, however, that the possibility is remote that costs in excess of the range disclosed will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Inherent uncertainties exist in these estimates primarily due to unknown conditions, changing governmental regulations and legal standards regarding liability, and emerging remediation technologies for handling site remediation and restoration. As new or additional information becomes available and/or certain spending trends become known, management will evaluate such information in determination of the current estimate of environmental liability.

Litigation
Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation
Each quarter, Union Carbide reviews claims filed, settled and dismissed, as well as average settlement and resolution costs by disease category. Union Carbide also considers additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as the nature of pending claims, trial experience of Union Carbide and other asbestos defendants, current spending for defense and processing costs, significant appellate rulings and legislative developments, trends in the tort system, and their respective effects on expected future resolution costs. Union Carbide's management considers these factors in conjunction with the most recent actuarial study and determines whether a change in the estimate is warranted. Based on Union Carbide's review of 2022 activity, it was determined that no adjustment to the accrual was required at June 30, 2022.

Union Carbide’s total asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims and defense and processing costs was $977 million at June 30, 2022 ($1,016 million at December 31, 2021). At June 30, 2022, approximately 27 percent of the recorded claim liability related to pending claims and approximately 73 percent related to future claims.

Dow Silicones Chapter 11 Related Matters
At June 30, 2022, Dow Silicones and its insurers have made life-to-date payments of $1,817 million to the settlement program administered by an independent claims office (the “Settlement Facility”), created to resolve breast implant and other product liability claims. At June 30, 2022, Dow Silicones estimates that it will be obligated to contribute an additional $106 million to the Settlement Facility which was included in “Accrued and other current liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets ($130 million at December 31, 2021, which was included in “Accrued and other current liabilities” and "Other noncurrent obligations" in the consolidated balance sheets).

Indemnifications with Corning Incorporated
The Company had indemnification assets with Corning Incorporated of $96 million at June 30, 2022 ($95 million at December 31, 2021), which were included primarily in "Noncurrent receivables" in the consolidated balance sheets.

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Gain Contingency - Dow v. Nova Chemicals Corporation Patent Infringement Matter
As a result of a 2017 damages judgment related to the patent infringement matter, Nova Chemicals Corporation ("Nova") was ordered to pay the Company $645 million Canadian dollars, plus pre- and post-judgment interest, for which the Company received payment of $501 million U.S. dollars in July 2017. At June 30, 2022, the Company had $341 million ($341 million at December 31, 2021) included in "Accrued and other current liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets related to the disputed portion of the damages judgment.

Gain Contingency - Dow v. Nova Chemicals Corporation Ethylene Asset Matter
As a result of a 2019 damages judgment related to the ethylene asset matter, Nova was ordered to pay the Company $1.43 billion Canadian dollars (equivalent to approximately $1.08 billion U.S. dollars). In October 2019, Nova paid $1.08 billion Canadian dollars (equivalent to approximately $0.8 billion U.S. dollars) directly to the Company, and remitted $347 million Canadian dollars to the Canada Revenue Agency ("CRA") for the tax account of one of the Company's subsidiaries. In March 2020, the Company received the full refund from the CRA, equivalent to $259 million U.S. dollars. At June 30, 2022, $323 million ($323 million at December 31, 2021) was included in "Other noncurrent obligations" in the Company's consolidated balance sheets related to the disputed portion of the damages judgment.

Brazilian Tax Credits
In March 2017, the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil (“Brazil Supreme Court”) ruled in a leading case that a Brazilian value-added tax ("ICMS") should not be included in the base used to calculate a taxpayer's federal contribution on total revenue known as PIS/COFINS (the “2017 Decision”). Previously, three of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiaries filed lawsuits challenging the inclusion of ICMS in their calculation of PIS/COFINS, seeking recovery of excess taxes paid. In response to the 2017 Decision, the Brazilian tax authority filed an appeal seeking clarification of the amount of ICMS tax to exclude from the calculation of PIS/COFINS. In May 2021, the Brazil Supreme Court ruled in a leading case related to the amount of ICMS tax to exclude from the calculation of PIS/COFINS, which resolved two of the lawsuits filed by the Company and, in May 2022, a court decision related to the remaining lawsuit, ruling in favor of the Company's Brazilian subsidiary, became final and unappealable. As a result, the Company recorded pretax gains of $112 million in the second quarter of 2022 and $61 million in the second quarter of 2021 for certain excess PIS/COFINS paid from 2009 to 2019, plus applicable interest, which the Company expects to apply to future required federal tax payments, and the reversal of related liabilities. The pretax gains were recorded in “Cost of sales” in the consolidated statements of income. At June 30, 2022, related tax credits available and expected to be applied to future required federal tax payments totaled $139 million ($52 million at December 31, 2021).

Guarantees
The following table provides a summary of the final expiration, maximum future payments and recorded liability included in the consolidated balance sheets for guarantees:

GuaranteesJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millionsFinal
Expiration
Maximum
Future Payments 1
Recorded Liability Final
Expiration
Maximum
Future Payments 1
Recorded Liability
Guarantees2038$1,248 $210 2038$1,273 $220 
1.In addition, TDCC has provided guarantees, in proportion to the Company's 35 percent ownership interest, of all future interest payments that will become due on Sadara’s project financing debt during the grace period, which Dow's share is estimated to be $443 million at June 30, 2022 ($446 million at December 31, 2021). Based on Sadara's current forecasted cash flows, the Company does not expect to be required to perform under the guarantees.

Guarantees arise during the ordinary course of business from relationships with customers, committed accounts receivable facilities and nonconsolidated affiliates when the Company undertakes an obligation to guarantee the performance of others (via delivery of cash or other assets) if specified triggering events occur. With guarantees, such as commercial or financial contracts, non-performance by the guaranteed party triggers the obligation of the Company to make payments to the beneficiary of the guarantee. The majority of the Company’s guarantees relate to debt of nonconsolidated affiliates, which have expiration dates ranging from less than 1 year to 16 years. The Company’s current expectation is that future payment or performance related to the non-performance of others is considered remote.

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TDCC has entered into guarantee agreements related to Sadara, a nonconsolidated affiliate. Sadara reached an agreement with its lenders to re-profile its outstanding project financing debt in the first quarter of 2021. In conjunction with the debt re-profiling, TDCC entered into a guarantee of up to approximately $1.3 billion of Sadara’s debt, proportionate to the Company's 35 percent ownership interest. The debt re-profiling also includes a grace period until June 2026, during which Sadara is obligated to make interest-only payments which are guaranteed by TDCC in proportion to the Company’s 35 percent ownership interest. As part of the debt re-profiling, Sadara established a $500 million revolving credit facility guaranteed by Dow, which would be used to fund Dow’s pro-rata share of any potential shortfall during the grace period. Based on Sadara's current forecasted cash flows, recent ability to satisfy all current and near term debt maturities and no significant scheduled debt repayments over the next five years, the Company does not expect Sadara to draw on the facility.


NOTE 13 - LEASES
For additional information on the Company's leases, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

The components of lease cost for operating and finance leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

Lease CostThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Operating lease cost$99 $118 $196 $239 
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets - finance$26 $19 $52 $34 
Interest on lease liabilities - finance9 6 17 13 
Total finance lease cost$35 $25 $69 $47 
Short-term lease cost66 71 125 120 
Variable lease cost133 79 248 150 
Sublease income(3)(1)(6)(3)
Total lease cost$330 $292 $632 $553 

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The following table provides supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases:

Other Lease InformationSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases$196 $245 
Operating cash flows for finance leases$17 $13 
Financing cash flows for finance leases$53 $29 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases$37 $57 
Finance leases$27 $72 

The following table summarizes the lease-related assets and liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Lease PositionBalance Sheet ClassificationJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Assets
Operating lease assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets$1,272 $1,412 
Finance lease assetsProperty1,145 1,158 
Finance lease amortizationAccumulated depreciation(395)(368)
Total lease assets$2,022 $2,202 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingOperating lease liabilities - current$290 $314 
FinanceLong-term debt due within one year107 106 
Noncurrent
OperatingOperating lease liabilities - noncurrent1,043 1,149 
FinanceLong-Term Debt719 763 
Total lease liabilities$2,159 $2,332 

The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for leases recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are provided below:

Lease Term and Discount RateJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases7.8 years7.9 years
Finance leases11.4 years11.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases4.04 %3.72 %
Finance leases4.19 %4.17 %


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The following table provides the maturities of lease liabilities at June 30, 2022:

Maturities of Lease LiabilitiesJun 30, 2022
In millionsOperating LeasesFinance Leases
2022$179 $71 
2023289 164 
2024225 106 
2025183 76 
2026148 69 
2027 and thereafter567 551 
Total future undiscounted lease payments$1,591 $1,037 
Less: Imputed interest258 211 
Total present value of lease liabilities$1,333 $826 

At June 30, 2022, Dow had additional leases of approximately $91 million, primarily for equipment, which had not yet commenced. These leases are expected to commence in 2022 and 2025, with lease terms of up to 16 years.

Dow provides guarantees related to certain leased assets, specifying the residual value that will be available to the lessor at lease termination through the sale of the assets to the lessee or third parties. The following table provides a summary of the final expiration, maximum future payments and recorded liability included in the consolidated balance sheets for residual value guarantees at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The lease agreements do not contain any material restrictive covenants.

Lease GuaranteesJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millionsFinal ExpirationMaximum Future PaymentsRecorded LiabilityFinal ExpirationMaximum Future PaymentsRecorded Liability
Residual value guarantees2031$259 $— 2031$280 $— 


NOTE 14 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Treasury Stock
Dow Inc.
On April 1, 2019, Dow Inc.'s Board ratified the share repurchase program originally approved on March 15, 2019, authorizing up to $3 billion to be spent on the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date. The Company completed the April 1, 2019 share repurchase program in the second quarter of 2022. On April 13, 2022, Dow Inc.'s Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing up to $3 billion to be spent on the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date. The Company repurchased $800 million of its common stock in the second quarter of 2022 ($1,400 million in the first six months of 2022). At June 30, 2022, approximately $2,975 million of the new share repurchase program authorization remained available for repurchases.

The Company began issuing treasury shares to satisfy its obligation to make matching contributions to plan participants under The Dow Employees’ Savings Plan in the first quarter of 2022. The Company may satisfy these obligations using shares of Dow Inc. treasury stock or by issuing new shares of common stock.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments
Beginning balance$(37)$55 $59 $104 
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments(203)39 (324)(15)
Tax (expense) benefit43 (9)67 2 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments(160)30 (257)(13)
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income 1
9 (17)10 (25)
Tax expense (benefit) 2
(2)4 (2)6 
Net (gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income7 (13)8 (19)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(153)17 (249)(32)
Ending balance$(190)$72 $(190)$72 
Cumulative Translation Adjustment
Beginning balance$(1,519)$(1,183)$(1,355)$(930)
Gains (losses) on foreign currency translation(500)67 (665)(150)
Tax (expense) benefit(3)1 10 (35)
Net gains (losses) on foreign currency translation(503)68 (655)(185)
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income 3
(11)(3)(23)(3)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(514)65 (678)(188)
Ending balance$(2,033)$(1,118)$(2,033)$(1,118)
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Beginning balance$(7,225)$(8,425)$(7,334)$(9,559)
Gains (losses) arising during the period 4
3 — 5 1,268 
Tax (expense) benefit— — — (298)
Net gains (losses) arising during the period3 — 5 970 
Amortization of net loss and prior service credits reclassified from AOCL to net income 5
156 194 313 392 
Tax expense (benefit) 2
(37)(45)(87)(79)
Net loss and prior service credits reclassified from AOCL to net income119 149 226 313 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax122 149 231 1,283 
Ending balance$(7,103)$(8,276)$(7,103)$(8,276)
Derivative Instruments
Beginning balance$(15)$(360)$(347)$(470)
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments260 (10)680 112 
Tax (expense) benefit(27)8 (83)(1)
Net gains (losses) on derivative instruments233 (2)597 111 
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income 6
(108)9 (142)6 
Tax expense (benefit) 2
12 (1)14 (1)
Net (gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income(96)8 (128)5 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax137 6 469 116 
Ending balance$122 $(354)$122 $(354)
Total AOCL ending balance$(9,204)$(9,676)$(9,204)$(9,676)
1.Reclassified to "Net sales" and "Sundry income (expense) - net."
2.Reclassified to "Provision for income taxes."
3.Reclassified to "Sundry income (expense) - net."
4.The 2021 impact relates to an interim remeasurement of U.S. pension plans due to the announced freeze of plan benefits in the first quarter of 2021.
5.These AOCL components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. See Note 16 for additional information.
6.Reclassified to "Cost of sales," "Sundry income (expense) - net" and "Interest expense and amortization of debt discount."
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NOTE 15 – NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Ownership interests in the Company's subsidiaries held by parties other than the Company are presented separately from the Company's equity in the consolidated balance sheets as "Noncontrolling interests." The amount of consolidated net income attributable to the Company and the noncontrolling interests are both presented on the face of the consolidated statements of income.

The following table summarizes the activity for equity attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Noncontrolling InterestsThree Months EndedSix Months Ended

In millions
Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Balance at beginning of period$545 $560 $574 $570 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 1
20 31 3 46 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests 2
(14)(12)(15)(20)
Cumulative translation adjustments(16)1 (27)(15)
Other(1)— (1)(1)
Balance at end of period$534 $580 $534 $580 
1.The six months ended June 30, 2022 includes the portion of asset related charges attributable to noncontrolling interests related to a joint venture in Russia. See Note 4 for additional information.
2.Distributions to noncontrolling interests are net of $7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 ($8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021) in dividends paid to a joint venture, which were reclassified to "Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates" in the consolidated statements of income.


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NOTE 16 – PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
A summary of the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans can be found in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

The Company's funding policy is to contribute to defined benefit pension plans in the United States and a number of other countries when pension laws and/or economics either require or encourage funding. The Company expects to contribute approximately $250 million to its pension plans in 2022, of which $89 million has been contributed through June 30, 2022.

The following table provides the components of the Company's net periodic benefit cost for all significant plans:

Net Periodic Benefit Cost for All Significant Plans Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Service cost$99 $96 $198 $198 
Interest cost 171 150 342 293 
Expected return on plan assets (423)(435)(847)(857)
Amortization of prior service credit(5)(5)(11)(10)
Amortization of net loss165 200 332 424 
Curtailment gain— — — (19)
Net periodic benefit cost$7 $6 $14 $29 
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Service cost $2 $2 $3 $4 
Interest cost 7 5 14 11 
Amortization of net gain(4)(1)(8)(3)
Net periodic benefit cost$5 $6 $9 $12 

Net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, is included in "Sundry income (expense) - net" in the consolidated statements of income.


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NOTE 17 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
A summary of the Company's stock-based compensation plans can be found in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

Stock Incentive Plan
The Company grants stock-based compensation to employees and non-employee directors under the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended. Most of the Company's stock-based compensation awards are granted in the first quarter of each year.

In the first quarter of 2022, Dow Inc. granted the following stock-based compensation awards to employees:
•1.2 million stock options with a weighted-average exercise price of $60.95 per share and a weighted-average fair value of $11.08 per share;
•1.7 million restricted stock units with a weighted-average fair value of $60.96 per share; and
•1.2 million performance stock units with a weighted-average fair value of $65.83 per share.

There was minimal grant activity in the second quarter of 2022.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Dow Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2021 ESPP") was adopted by the Board on February 11, 2021, and approved by stockholders at the Company's annual meeting on April 15, 2021. Under the 2022 annual offering of the 2021 ESPP, most employees were eligible to purchase shares of common stock of Dow Inc. valued at up to 10 percent of their annual total base salary or wages. The number of shares purchased is determined using the amount contributed by the employee divided by the plan price. The plan price of the stock is equal to 85 percent of the fair market value (closing price) of the common stock at April 1, 2022 (beginning) or October 7, 2022 (ending) of the offering period, whichever is lower.

In the first quarter of 2022, employees subscribed to the right to purchase approximately 2 million shares under the 2021 ESPP. The plan price is fixed upon the close of the offering period and will be determined in the fourth quarter of 2022. The shares will be delivered to employees in the fourth quarter of 2022.


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NOTE 18 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
A summary of the Company's financial instruments, risk management policies, derivative instruments and hedging activities can be found in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

The following table summarizes the fair value of financial instruments at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millionsCostGainLossFair ValueCostGainLossFair Value
Cash equivalents:
Held-to-maturity securities 1
$277 $— $— $277 $317 $— $— $317 
Money market funds702 — — 702 489 — — 489 
Total cash equivalents$979 $— $— $979 $806 $— $— $806 
Marketable securities 2
$164 $5 $— $169 $237 $8 $— $245 
Other investments:
Debt securities:
Government debt 3
$735 $1 $(121)$615 $746 $17 $(28)$735 
Corporate bonds1,267 18 (159)1,126 1,251 93 (20)1,324 
Total debt securities$2,002 $19 $(280)$1,741 $1,997 $110 $(48)$2,059 
Equity securities 4
4 8 — 12 7 13 — 20 
Total other investments$2,006 $27 $(280)$1,753 $2,004 $123 $(48)$2,079 
Total cash equivalents, marketable securities and other investments$3,149 $32 $(280)$2,901 $3,047 $131 $(48)$3,130 
Long-term debt including debt due within one year 5
$(13,426)$1,267 $(567)$(12,726)$(14,511)$27 $(2,641)$(17,125)
Derivatives relating to:
Interest rates 6
$— $167 $— $167 $— $1 $(140)$(139)
Foreign currency— 88 (113)(25)— 46 (18)28 
Commodities 6
— 366 (234)132 — 142 (92)50 
Total derivatives$— $621 $(347)$274 $— $189 $(250)$(61)
1.The Company's held-to-maturity securities primarily included treasury bills and time deposits.
2.The Company’s investments in marketable securities are included in “Other current assets” in the consolidated balance sheets.
3.U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. agency obligations, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and other municipalities’ obligations.
4.Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value.
5.Cost includes fair value hedge adjustment gains of $47 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 on $2,279 million of debt at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
6.Presented net of cash collateral where master netting arrangements allow.

Cost approximates fair value for all other financial instruments.

Debt Securities
The Company's investments in debt securities are primarily classified as available-for-sale. The following table provides investing results from available-for-sale securities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Investing ResultsSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities$295 $260 
Gross realized gains$20 $31 
Gross realized losses $(30)$(6)

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The following table summarizes contractual maturities of the Company's investments in debt securities:

Contractual Maturities of Debt Securities at Jun 30, 2022 1
 CostFair Value
In millions
Within one year$31 $28 
One to five years449 419 
Six to ten years1,014 870 
After ten years508 424 
Total$2,002 $1,741 
1.Includes marketable securities with maturities of less than one year.

Equity Securities
There were no material adjustments to the carrying value of the not readily determinable investments for impairment or observable price changes for the three months ended June 30, 2022. There was $3 million of net unrealized losses recognized in earnings on equity securities for the three months ended June 30, 2022 ($1 million net unrealized loss for the three months ended June 30, 2021). There was $6 million of net unrealized losses recognized in earnings on equity securities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 ($1 million net unrealized loss for the six months ended June 30, 2021).

Investments in Equity SecuritiesJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Readily determinable fair value$12 $20 
Not readily determinable fair value$204 $209 

Derivative Instruments
The notional amounts of the Company's derivative instruments presented on a net basis at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

Notional Amounts - NetJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts$3,000 $3,000 
Foreign currency contracts$5,173 $5,300 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts$3 $36 
Foreign currency contracts$14,393 $8,234 

The notional amounts of the Company's commodity derivatives presented on a net basis at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

Commodity Notionals - NetJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021Notional Volume Unit
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Hydrocarbon derivatives17.3 9.7 million barrels of oil equivalent
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Hydrocarbon derivatives— 0.1 million barrels of oil equivalent
Power derivatives10.3 3.3 thousands of megawatt hours

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Maturity Dates of Derivatives Designated as Hedging InstrumentsYear
Interest rate contracts2023
Foreign currency contracts2023
Commodity contracts2026

The following tables provide the fair value and balance sheet classification of derivative instruments at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Fair Value of Derivative InstrumentsJun 30, 2022
In millionsBalance Sheet ClassificationGross
Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting 1
Net Amounts Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contractsOther current assets$501 $(334)$167 
Foreign currency contractsOther current assets309 (228)81 
Commodity contractsOther current assets670 (348)322 
Commodity contractsDeferred charges and other assets14 — 14 
Total $1,494 $(910)$584 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Other current assets$66 $(59)$7 
Commodity contractsOther current assets34 (4)30 
Total $100 $(63)$37 
Total asset derivatives  $1,594 $(973)$621 
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contractsAccrued and other current liabilities$334 $(334)$— 
Foreign currency contractsAccrued and other current liabilities247 (228)19 
Commodity contractsAccrued and other current liabilities564 (366)198 
Commodity contractsOther noncurrent obligations1 (1)— 
Total $1,146 $(929)$217 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contractsAccrued and other current liabilities$153 $(59)$94 
Commodity contractsAccrued and other current liabilities52 (16)36 
Total $205 $(75)$130 
Total liability derivatives  $1,351 $(1,004)$347 
1.Counterparty and cash collateral amounts represent the estimated net settlement amount when applying netting and set-off rights included in master netting arrangements between the Company and its counterparties and the payable or receivable for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty.

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Fair Value of Derivative InstrumentsDec 31, 2021
In millionsBalance Sheet ClassificationGross
Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting 1
Net Amounts Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contractsOther current assets$14 $(14)$— 
Interest rate contractsDeferred charges and other assets130 (130)— 
Foreign currency contractsOther current assets24 (13)11 
Foreign currency contracts Deferred charges and other assets117 (89)28 
Commodity contractsOther current assets305 (173)132 
Commodity contractsDeferred charges and other assets9 (2)7 
Total $599 $(421)$178 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contractsOther current assets$1 $— $1 
Foreign currency contractsOther current assets23 (16)7 
Foreign currency contracts Deferred charges and other assets1 (1)— 
Commodity contractsOther current assets8 (5)3 
Total $33 $(22)$11 
Total asset derivatives  $632 $(443)$189 
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contractsAccrued and other current liabilities$33 $(14)$19 
Interest rate contractsOther noncurrent obligations192 (130)62 
Foreign currency contractsAccrued and other current liabilities15 (13)2 
Foreign currency contractsOther noncurrent obligations90 (89)1 
Commodity contractsAccrued and other current liabilities267 (192)75 
Commodity contractsOther noncurrent obligations2 (2)— 
Total $599 $(440)$159 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contractsAccrued and other current liabilities$59 $— $59 
Foreign currency contractsAccrued and other current liabilities31 (16)15 
Foreign currency contractsOther noncurrent obligations1 (1)— 
Commodity contractsAccrued and other current liabilities25 (8)17 
Total $116 $(25)$91 
Total liability derivatives  $715 $(465)$250 
1.Counterparty and cash collateral amounts represent the estimated net settlement amount when applying netting and set-off rights included in master netting arrangements between the Company and its counterparties and the payable or receivable for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty.

Assets and liabilities related to forward contracts, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, options and other conditional or exchange contracts executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement are netted. Collateral accounts are netted with corresponding assets or liabilities, when applicable. The Company posted cash collateral of $53 million at June 30, 2022 ($71 million at December 31, 2021). No cash collateral was posted by counterparties with the Company at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

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The following tables summarize the gain (loss) of derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Effect of Derivative Instruments
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI 1
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income 2
Income Statement Classification
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts$108 $(44)$(2)$(2)Interest expense and amortization of debt discount
Foreign currency contracts4 1 3 (4)Cost of sales
Commodity contracts80 41 107 (2)Cost of sales
Net foreign investment hedges:
Foreign currency contracts49 3 — — 
Excluded components 3
5 3 11 3 Sundry income (expense) - net
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments$246 $4 $119 $(5)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts$— $— $— $(1)Interest expense and amortization of debt discount
Foreign currency contracts— — (191)(5)Sundry income (expense) - net
Commodity contracts— — 7 (5)Cost of sales
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$— $— $(184)$(11)
Total derivatives$246 $4 $(65)$(16)
1.OCI is defined as other comprehensive income (loss).
2.Pretax amounts.
3.The excluded components are related to the time value of the derivatives designated as hedges.

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Effect of Derivative Instruments
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI 1
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income 2
Income Statement Classification
Six Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts$— $— $— $(25)
Interest expense and amortization of debt discount 3
Excluded components 4
— 2 — — Interest expense and amortization of debt discount
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts207 (44)(5)(5)Interest expense and amortization of debt discount
Foreign currency contracts6 6 6 (12)Cost of sales
Commodity contracts287 106 141 11 Cost of sales
Net foreign investment hedges:
Foreign currency contracts47 13 — — 
Excluded components 4
34 8 23 4 Sundry income (expense) - net
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments$581 $91 $165 $(27)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts$— $— $(1)$(3)Interest expense and amortization of debt discount
Foreign currency contracts— — (276)(118)Sundry income (expense) - net
Commodity contracts— — 29 (35)Cost of sales
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$— $— $(248)$(156)
Total derivatives$581 $91 $(83)$(183)
1.OCI is defined as other comprehensive income (loss).
2.Pretax amounts.
3.Gain (loss) recognized in income of derivatives is offset by gain (loss) recognized in income of the hedged item.
4.The excluded components are related to the time value of the derivatives designated as hedges.

The following table provides the net after-tax gain (loss) expected to be reclassified from AOCL to income within the next 12 months:

Expected Reclassifications from AOCL within the next 12 monthsJun 30, 2022
In millions
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts$(8)
Commodity contracts$208 
Foreign currency contracts$10 
Net foreign investment hedges:
Excluded components$18 

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NOTE 19 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
A summary of the Company's recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements can be found in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis:

Basis of Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring BasisJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021

Level 1		Level 2
Level 3		Total
Level 1		Level 2
Level 3		Total
In millions
Assets at fair value:
Cash equivalents:
Held-to-maturity securities 1
$— $277 $— $277 $— $317 $— $317 
Money market funds— 702 — 702 — 489 — 489 
Marketable securities 2
— 169 — 169 — 245 — 245 
Equity securities 3
12 — — 12 20 — — 20 
Nonconsolidated affiliates 4
— — 18 18 — — — — 
Debt securities: 3
Government debt 5
— 615 — 615 — 735 — 735 
Corporate bonds32 1,094 — 1,126 44 1,280 — 1,324 
Derivatives relating to: 6
Interest rates— 501 — 501 — 145 — 145 
Foreign currency— 375 — 375 — 165 — 165 
Commodities19 699 — 718 15 307 — 322 
Total assets at fair value$63 $4,432 $18 $4,513 $79 $3,683 $— $3,762 
Liabilities at fair value:    
Long-term debt including debt due within one year 7
$— $12,726 $— $12,726 $— $17,125 $— $17,125 
Guarantee liability 8
— — 210 210 — — 220 220 
Derivatives relating to: 6
Interest rates— 334 — 334 — 284 — 284 
Foreign currency— 400 — 400 — 137 — 137 
Commodities46 571 — 617 37 257 — 294 
Total liabilities at fair value$46 $14,031 $210 $14,287 $37 $17,803 $220 $18,060 
1.The Company's held-to-maturity securities primarily included treasury bills and time deposits.
2.The Company’s investments in marketable securities are included in “Other current assets” in the consolidated balance sheets.
3.The Company’s investments in debt securities, which are primarily available-for-sale, and equity securities are included in “Other investments” in the consolidated balance sheets.
4.Estimated asset for the Company's investment in a limited liability company included in "Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates" in the consolidated balance sheets.
5.U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. agency obligations, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and other municipalities’ obligations.
6.See Note 18 for the classification of derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets.
7.See Note 18 for information on fair value measurements of long-term debt.
8.Estimated liability for TDCC's guarantee of Sadara's debt which is included in "Other noncurrent obligations" in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 12 for additional information.

For equity securities calculated at net asset value per share (or its equivalent), the Company had $98 million in private market securities and $22 million in real estate at June 30, 2022 ($106 million in private market securities and $22 million in real estate at December 31, 2021). There are no redemption restrictions and the unfunded commitments on these investments were $77 million at June 30, 2022 ($59 million at December 31, 2021).

For assets classified as Level 3 measurements, fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs including assumptions where there is little, if any, market activity. The level 3 asset value represents the fair value of the Company's investment in a nonconsolidated affiliate. The unfunded commitment on the investment was $72 million at June 30, 2022.

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For liabilities classified as Level 3 measurements, fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs including assumptions where there is little, if any, market activity. The fair value of the Company’s accrued liability related to the guarantee of Sadara’s debt is in proportion to the Company’s 35 percent ownership interest in Sadara. The estimated fair value of the guarantee was calculated using a "with" and "without" method. The fair value of the debt was calculated "with" the guarantee less the fair value of the debt "without" the guarantee. The "with" and "without" values were calculated using a discounted cash flow method based on contractual cash flows as well as projected prepayments made on the debt by Sadara. See Note 12 for further information on guarantees classified as Level 3 measurements.


NOTE 20 – VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
A summary of the Company's variable interest entities ("VIEs") can be found in Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs
The Company's consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are included in “Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests” in the consolidated statements of income and "Noncontrolling interests" in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of these entities' assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEsJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Cash and cash equivalents$44 $40 
Other current assets35 40 
Net property167 184 
Other noncurrent assets14 15 
Total assets 1
$260 $279 
Current liabilities$40 $37 
Long-term debt1 3 
Other noncurrent obligations11 13 
Total liabilities 2
$52 $53 
1.All assets were restricted at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
2.All liabilities were nonrecourse at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets and the table above as restricted assets or nonrecourse obligations relating to consolidated VIEs at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are adjusted for intercompany eliminations.

Nonconsolidated VIEs
The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of assets included in the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, related to variable interests in joint ventures or entities for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company's maximum exposure to loss is the same as the carrying amounts.

Carrying Amounts of Assets Related to Nonconsolidated VIEsJun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millionsDescription of asset
Silicon joint ventures
Equity method investments 1
$116 $110 
1.Included in "Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates" in the consolidated balance sheets.


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NOTE 21 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
TDCC has committed to fund Dow Inc.'s dividends paid to common stockholders and share repurchases, as approved by Dow Inc.'s Board from time to time, as well as certain governance expenses. Funding is accomplished through intercompany loans. TDCC's Board reviews and determines a dividend distribution to Dow Inc. to settle the intercompany loans. The following table summarizes cash dividends TDCC declared and paid to Dow Inc. for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

TDCC Cash Dividends Declared and PaidThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
In millions
Cash dividends declared and paid$1,333 $739 $2,454 $1,442 

At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, TDCC's outstanding intercompany loan balance with Dow Inc. was insignificant.


NOTE 22 – SEGMENTS AND GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
Dow’s measure of profit/loss for segment reporting purposes is Operating EBIT as this is the manner in which the Company's chief operating decision maker assesses performance and allocates resources. The Company defines Operating EBIT as earnings (i.e., "Income before income taxes") before interest, excluding the impact of significant items. Operating EBIT by segment includes all operating items relating to the businesses; items that principally apply to Dow as a whole are assigned to Corporate.

Segment InformationPack. & Spec. PlasticsInd. Interm. & Infrast.Perf. Materials & CoatingsCorp.Total
In millions
Three months ended Jun 30, 2022
Net sales$8,233 $4,370 $3,003 $58 $15,664 
Equity in earnings (losses) of nonconsolidated affiliates$138 $57 $2 $(2)$195 
Dow Inc. Operating EBIT 1
$1,436 $426 $561 $(48)$2,375 
Three months ended Jun 30, 2021
Net sales$7,121 $4,215 $2,465 $84 $13,885 
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates$130 $144 $— $4 $278 
Dow Inc. Operating EBIT 1
$2,014 $648 $225 $(59)$2,828 
Six months ended Jun 30, 2022
Net sales$15,860 $8,894 $6,052 $122 $30,928 
Equity in earnings (losses) of nonconsolidated affiliates$248 $119 $5 $(3)$369 
Dow Inc. Operating EBIT 1
$2,670 $1,087 $1,156 $(119)$4,794 
Six months ended Jun 30, 2021
Net sales$13,203 $7,822 $4,588 $154 $25,767 
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates$236 $259 $2 $5 $502 
Dow Inc. Operating EBIT 1
$3,242 $974 $287 $(121)$4,382 
1.Operating EBIT for TDCC for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 is substantially the same as that of Dow Inc. and therefore has not been disclosed separately in the table above. A reconciliation of "Net income" to Operating EBIT is provided in the following table.

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Reconciliation of "Net income" to Operating EBIT Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Net income$1,681 $1,932 $3,233 $2,938 
+ Provision for income taxes488 524 991 841 
Income before income taxes$2,169 $2,456 $4,224 $3,779 
- Interest income36 13 64 21 
+ Interest expense and amortization of debt discount165 187 332 383 
- Significant items(77)(198)(302)(241)
Operating EBIT$2,375 $2,828 $4,794 $4,382 

The following tables summarize the pretax impact of significant items by segment excluded from Operating EBIT:

Significant Items by Segment
Three Months Ended Jun 30, 2022
Six Months Ended Jun 30, 2022
Pack. & Spec. PlasticsInd. Interm. & Infrast.Perf. Mat. & CoatingsCorp.TotalPack. & Spec. PlasticsInd. Interm. & Infrast.Perf. Mat. & CoatingsCorp.Total
In millions
Digitalization program costs 1
$— $— $— $(51)$(51)$— $— $— $(92)$(92)
Restructuring, implementation costs and asset related charges - net 2
— — — (10)(10)— — — (20)(20)
Russia / Ukraine conflict charges 3
— — — — — (31)(109)(16)(30)(186)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 4
— — — (8)(8)— — — (8)(8)
Indemnification and other transaction related costs 5
— — — (8)(8)— — — 4 4 
Total$— $— $— $(77)$(77)$(31)$(109)$(16)$(146)$(302)
1.Includes costs associated with implementing the Company's Digital Acceleration program.
2.Includes costs associated with implementing the Company's 2020 Restructuring Program.
3.Asset related charges due to the Russia and Ukraine conflict. See Note 4 for additional information.
4.The Company redeemed outstanding long-term debt resulting in a loss on early extinguishment. See Note 11 for additional information.
5.Primarily related to charges associated with agreements entered into with DuPont de Nemours, Inc. and Corteva, Inc. as part of the separation and distribution which, among other matters, provides for cross-indemnities and allocations of obligations and liabilities for periods prior to, at and after the completion of the separation. See Note 2 for additional information.

Significant Items by Segment
Three Months Ended Jun 30, 2021
Six Months Ended Jun 30, 2021
Pack. & Spec. PlasticsInd. Interm. & Infrast.Perf. Mat. & CoatingsCorp.TotalPack. & Spec. PlasticsInd. Interm. & Infrast.Perf. Mat. & CoatingsCorp.Total
In millions
Digitalization program costs 1
$— $— $— $(48)$(48)$— $— $— $(81)$(81)
Restructuring, implementation costs and asset related charges - net 2
(8)(1)(10)(24)(43)(8)(1)(10)(34)(53)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 3
— — — (102)(102)— — — (102)(102)
Indemnification and other transactions related costs 4
— — — (5)(5)— — — (5)(5)
Total$(8)$(1)$(10)$(179)$(198)$(8)$(1)$(10)$(222)$(241)
1.Includes costs associated with implementing the Company's Digital Acceleration program.
2.Includes costs associated with implementing the Company's 2020 Restructuring Program.
3.The Company redeemed outstanding long-term debt resulting in a loss on early extinguishment. See Note 11 for additional information.
4.Primarily related to charges associated with agreements entered into with DuPont de Nemours, Inc. and Corteva, Inc. as part of the separation and distribution which, among other matters, provides for cross-indemnities and allocations of obligations and liabilities for periods prior to, at and after the completion of the separation. See Note 2 for additional information.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is a combined report being filed by Dow Inc. and The Dow Chemical Company and its consolidated subsidiaries (“TDCC” and together with Dow Inc., “Dow” or the "Company") due to the parent/subsidiary relationship between Dow Inc. and TDCC. The information reflected in the report is equally applicable to both Dow Inc. and TDCC, except where otherwise noted. Each of Dow Inc. and TDCC is filing information in this report on its own behalf and neither company makes any representation to the information relating to the other company.

Pursuant to General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) for Form 10-Q "Omission of Information by Certain Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries," TDCC is filing this Form 10-Q with a reduced disclosure format.

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, the term "Union Carbide" means Union Carbide Corporation and the term "Dow Silicones" means Dow Silicones Corporation, both wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company.

Russia and Ukraine Conflict
In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine resulting in the United States, Canada, the European Union and other countries imposing economic sanctions on Russia. Dow is monitoring and evaluating the broader economic impact, including sanctions imposed, the potential for additional sanctions and any responses from Russia that could directly affect the Company’s supply chain, business partners or customers. At the time of this filing, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has not had and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.

Dow stands in solidarity with the people of Ukraine and denounces Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Dow fully supports and is fully complying with the sanctions implemented against Russia and the efforts of the international community to reestablish peace and safeguard democracy. Dow is prioritizing the safety and security of its colleagues in Ukraine and Russia. Dow had previously suspended all purchases of feedstocks and energy from Russia and has significantly reduced its operations and product offerings in the country. Dow has also stopped all investments in Russia and is only supplying limited essential goods to Russia, including food packaging, hygiene, cleaning and sanitation products and household goods.

In Russia, Dow operates a coatings facility, which is currently idled, as well as a consolidated joint venture which operates a polyurethanes systems facility. Dow’s sales from materials produced in Russia represents less than 1 percent of total net sales and net income.

Prior to the invasion, Dow’s business activities in Ukraine were limited to non-manufacturing facilities, including sales and marketing offices.

The Company is also providing assistance with evacuation, financial assistance, housing and other support to help employees and their families in Ukraine and is activating similar processes for the Company's Russian employees. Additionally, Dow announced humanitarian support, including a cash match for donations by Dow employees, to meet immediate needs in Ukraine and nearby countries aiding refugees.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company recorded pretax asset related charges of $186 million due to the Russia and Ukraine conflict and the expectation that certain assets will not be recoverable. The Company's remaining net asset exposure is not significant.

OUTLOOK
Dow continues to see long-term fundamentals driving growth across its end-markets. While the near-term market conditions are dynamic, Dow will continue to leverage its diverse, global portfolio and flexible operating model to capitalize on attractive growth opportunities. Dow's actions to enhance the resiliency of its business position it well to deliver across a variety of economic environments. Dow's disciplined and balanced approach to capital allocation has delivered higher mid-cycle earnings, an improved credit profile, and cash generation above pre-pandemic levels. Dow remains well-positioned to continue advancing its decarbonize and grow strategy while delivering attractive shareholder remuneration.

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OVERVIEW
The following is a summary of the results for the three months ended June 30, 2022:
•The Company reported net sales in the second quarter of 2022 of $15.7 billion, up 13 percent from $13.9 billion in the second quarter of 2021, with increases across all operating segments and geographic regions. Net sales were up 3 percent from $15.3 billion in the first quarter of 2022, with increases in Packaging & Specialty Plastics, partially offset by decreases in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure and Performance Materials & Coatings. Net sales increased in all geographic regions, except Asia Pacific, compared with the first quarter of 2022.
•Local price increased 16 percent compared with the second quarter of 2021 with increases in all operating segments and geographic regions. Local price increased in Packaging & Specialty Plastics (up 14 percent), Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure (up 14 percent) and Performance Materials & Coatings (up 28 percent). Local price increased 6 percent compared with the first quarter of 2022.
•Volume was flat compared with the second quarter of 2021 with an increase in Packaging & Specialty Plastics (up 5 percent), which was offset by decreases in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure (down 6 percent) and Performance Materials & Coatings (down 3 percent). Volume decreased 2 percent compared with the first quarter of 2022.
•Currency had an unfavorable impact of 3 percent on net sales compared with the second quarter of 2021, driven by Europe, Middle East, Africa and India ("EMEAI") (down 9 percent) and Asia Pacific (down 3 percent).
•Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates was $195 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $278 million in the second quarter of 2021, primarily due to the impact of pandemic-related lockdowns in China.
•Net income available for Dow Inc. and TDCC common stockholder(s) was $1,661 million and $1,667 million, respectively, in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $1,901 million and $1,914 million in the second quarter of 2021. Earnings per share for Dow Inc. was $2.26 per share in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $2.51 per share in the second quarter of 2021.
•Cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations was $1.9 billion in the second quarter of 2022, down $165 million compared with the same period last year. Sequentially, cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations increased $244 million.
•In the second quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed $750 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625 percent notes due May 2026.
•Dow Inc. repurchased $800 million of the Company's common stock in the second quarter of 2022.
•On April 13, 2022, Dow Inc. announced that its Board of Directors ("Board") declared a dividend of $0.70 per share, which was paid on June 10, 2022, to shareholders of record as of May 31, 2022.
•On April 13, 2022, Dow Inc.'s Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing up to $3 billion for the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date.
•Effective April 14, 2022, following the Company's Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Jerri DeVard, former Executive Vice President and Chief Customer Officer of Office Depot, Inc., was elected to the Company's Board.
•On May 31, 2022, Moody's Investors Service announced a credit rating upgrade for TDCC from Baa2 to Baa1, affirmed its P-2 rating and maintained a stable outlook. On June 6, 2022, Fitch Ratings affirmed TDCC’s BBB+ and F2 rating, and revised its outlook to positive from stable. On June 8, 2022, Standard & Poor’s affirmed TDCC’s BBB and A-2 rating, and revised its outlook to positive from stable. These credit agencies' decisions were made as part of their annual review process and reflect the Company's supportive financial policies and strong operating performance.


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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Sales
The following tables summarize net sales and sales variances by operating segment and geographic region from the prior year:

Summary of Sales ResultsThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Net sales$15,664 $13,885 $30,928 $25,767 

Sales Variances by Operating Segment and Geographic Region
Three Months Ended Jun 30, 2022
Six Months Ended Jun 30, 2022
Local Price & Product MixCurrencyVolumeTotalLocal Price & Product MixCurrencyVolumeTotal
Percentage change from prior year
Packaging & Specialty Plastics14 %(3)%5 %16 %20 %(3)%3 %20 %
Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure14 (4)(6)4 21 (4)(3)14 
Performance Materials & Coatings28 (3)(3)22 34 (3)1 32 
Total16 %(3)%— %13 %22 %(3)%1 %20 %
Total, excluding the Hydrocarbons & Energy business14 %(4)%(2)%8 %21 %(3)%(1)%17 %
U.S. & Canada13 %— %3 %16 %19 %— %7 %26 %
EMEAI24 (9)(4)11 31 (8)(4)19 
Asia Pacific11 (3)— 8 16 (2)(2)12 
Latin America8 1 8 17 16 — 5 21 
Total16 %(3)%— %13 %22 %(3)%1 %20 %

Net sales in the second quarter of 2022 were $15.7 billion, up 13 percent from $13.9 billion in the second quarter of 2021, with local price up 16 percent, volume flat and an unfavorable currency impact of 3 percent. Net sales increased in all operating segments and geographic regions. Local price increased in all operating segments and geographic regions, primarily driven by tight supply and demand dynamics and increasing raw material prices. Local price increased in Packaging & Specialty Plastics (up 14 percent), Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure (up 14 percent) and Performance Materials & Coatings (up 28 percent). Volume increased in Packaging & Specialty Plastics (up 5 percent) and decreased in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure (down 6 percent) and Performance Materials & Coatings (down 3 percent). Volume increases in the U.S. & Canada and Latin America were offset by a volume decrease in EMEAI. Currency unfavorably impacted net sales by 3 percent, driven by EMEAI (down 9 percent) and Asia Pacific (down 3 percent). Excluding the Hydrocarbons & Energy business, net sales increased 8 percent.

Net sales for the first six months of 2022 were $30.9 billion, up 20 percent from $25.8 billion in the same period last year, with local price up 22 percent, volume up 1 percent and an unfavorable currency impact of 3 percent. Net sales increased in all operating segments and geographic regions. Local price increased in all operating segments and geographic regions, primarily driven by tight supply and demand dynamics and increasing raw material prices. Local price increased in Packaging & Specialty Plastics (up 20 percent), Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure (up 21 percent) and Performance Materials & Coatings (up 34 percent). Volume increased in Packaging & Specialty Plastics (up 3 percent) and Performance Materials & Coatings (up 1 percent) and decreased in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure (down 3 percent). Volume increases in the U.S. & Canada and Latin America were partially offset by volume decreases in EMEAI and Asia Pacific. Currency unfavorably impacted net sales by 3 percent compared with the same period last year, driven by EMEAI (down 8 percent) and Asia Pacific (down 2 percent). Excluding the Hydrocarbons & Energy business, net sales increased 17 percent.

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Cost of Sales
Cost of sales ("COS") was $12.9 billion in the second quarter of 2022, up from $10.7 billion in the second quarter of 2021, primarily due to higher feedstocks, energy and other raw material costs, and logistics costs. For the first six months of 2022, COS was $25.3 billion, up from $20.8 billion in the first six months of 2021, primarily due to increased sales volume and higher feedstocks, energy and other raw material costs, and logistics costs. The second quarter of 2022 included $44 million ($41 million in the second quarter of 2021) and $82 million in the first six months of 2022 ($70 million in the first six months of 2021) of costs associated with implementing the Company's digital acceleration program (related to Corporate). Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales in the second quarter of 2022 was 82.3 percent (77.3 percent in the second quarter of 2021) and 81.8 percent for the first six months of 2022 (80.7 percent for the first six months of 2021).

Research and Development Expenses
Research and development ("R&D") expenses totaled $217 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $228 million in the second quarter of 2021. R&D expenses decreased in the second quarter of 2022 primarily due to lower fringe benefit expenses driven by stock market declines. R&D expenses for the first six months of 2022 were $435 million, compared with $422 million in the first six months of 2021. R&D expenses for the first six months of 2022 increased primarily due to higher performance-based compensation costs, which more than offset a decrease in fringe benefit expenses due to stock market declines.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses totaled $435 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $440 million in the second quarter of 2021. SG&A expenses decreased in the second quarter of 2022 due to lower fringe benefit expenses driven by stock market declines. For the first six months of 2022, SG&A expenses were $933 million, compared with $806 million in the first six months of 2021. SG&A expenses for the first six months of 2022 increased primarily due to higher performance-based compensation costs and an increase in bad debt reserves, which more than offset a decrease in fringe benefit expenses due to stock market declines.

Amortization of Intangibles
Amortization of intangibles was $85 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $100 million in the first quarter of 2021. In the first six months of 2022, amortization of intangibles was $173 million, compared with $201 million in the first six months of 2021. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on intangible assets.

Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net
Asset Related Charges
In the first quarter of 2022, the Company recorded pretax asset related charges of $186 million due to the Russia and Ukraine conflict and the expectation that certain assets will not be recoverable. These charges included the write-down of inventory, the recording of bad debt reserves and the impairment of other assets. Asset related charges by segment were as follows: $31 million in Packaging & Specialty Plastics, $109 million in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure, $16 million in Performance Materials & Coatings and $30 million in Corporate.

2020 Restructuring Program
Actions related to the restructuring program approved by the Board of Dow. Inc. on September 29, 2020 were substantially complete at the end of 2021, with the exception of certain cash payments that will continue through 2022. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company recorded pretax restructuring charges of $12 million for asset write-downs and write-offs and $10 million for costs associated with exit and disposal activities. Restructuring charges by segment were as follows: $8 million in Packaging & Specialty Plastics, $1 million in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure, $10 million in Performance Materials & Coatings and $3 million in Corporate.

Equity in Earnings of Nonconsolidated Affiliates
The Company's share of equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates was $195 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $278 million in the second quarter of 2021, primarily due to impacts from pandemic-related lockdowns in China. Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates was $369 million in the first six months of 2022, compared with $502 million in the first six months of 2021, primarily due to lower equity earnings at Sadara Chemical Company ("Sadara") due to planned maintenance turnaround activity and pandemic-related lockdowns in China. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Sundry Income (Expense) – Net
Sundry income (expense) – net includes a variety of income and expense items such as foreign currency exchange gains and losses, dividends from investments, gains and losses on sales of investments and assets, non-operating pension and other postretirement benefit plan credits or costs, losses on early extinguishment of debt and certain litigation matters.

For the three months ended June 30, 2022, Sundry income (expense) - net was income of $75 million and $78 million for Dow Inc. and TDCC, respectively, compared with expense of $3 million and income of $6 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2021. The second quarter of 2022 included non-operating pension and postretirement benefit plan credits and gains on the sales of assets and investments. These were partially offset by foreign currency exchange losses and an $8 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt (related to Corporate). In addition, Dow Inc. included an $8 million charge associated with agreements entered into with DuPont de Nemours, Inc. ("DuPont") and Corteva, Inc. ("Corteva") as part of the separation and distribution (related to Corporate). The second quarter of 2021 included a $102 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt (related to Corporate) and foreign currency exchange losses. These were partially offset by non-operating pension and postretirement benefit plan credits and gains on the sales of assets and investments. In addition, Dow Inc. included a $5 million charge associated with agreements entered into with DuPont and Corteva as part of the separation and distribution (related to Corporate).

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Sundry income (expense) - net was income of $223 million and $214 million for Dow Inc. and TDCC, respectively, compared with income of $125 million for Dow Inc. and TDCC for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The first six months of 2022 included non-operating pension and postretirement benefit plan credits and gains on the sales of assets and investments. These were partially offset by foreign currency exchange losses and an $8 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt (related to Corporate). In addition, Dow Inc. included a $4 million gain associated with agreements entered into with DuPont and Corteva as part of the separation and distribution (related to Corporate). The first six months of 2021 included non-operating pension and postretirement benefit plan credits and gains on the sales of assets and investments, which were partially offset by a $102 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt (related to Corporate) and foreign currency exchange losses. In addition, Dow Inc. included a $5 million charge associated with agreements entered into with DuPont and Corteva as part of the separation and distribution (related to Corporate).

Interest Expense and Amortization of Debt Discount
Interest expense and amortization of debt discount was $165 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $187 million in the second quarter of 2021. Interest expense and amortization of debt discount was $332 million in the first six months of 2022, compared with $383 million in the first six months of 2021. The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to the liability management actions taken in 2021.

Provision for Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate fluctuates based on, among other factors, where income is earned, the level of income relative to tax attributes and the level of equity earnings, since most earnings from the Company's equity method investments are taxed at the joint venture level. The effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2022 was 22.5 percent and 22.4 percent for Dow Inc. and TDCC, respectively, compared with 21.3 percent and 21.1 percent for the second quarter of 2021. For the first six months of 2022, the effective tax rate was 23.5 percent for Dow Inc. and TDCC, compared with 22.3 percent and 22.2 percent for Dow Inc. and TDCC, respectively, for the first six months of 2021. The effective tax rate increased in 2022 primarily due to return to provision adjustments and the recognition of uncertain tax positions in multiple jurisdictions.

Net Income Available for Common Stockholder(s)
Dow Inc.
Net income available for Dow Inc. common stockholders was $1,661 million, or $2.26 per share, in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $1,901 million, or $2.51 per share, in the second quarter of 2021. Net income available for Dow Inc. common stockholders was $3,230 million, or $4.37 per share, in the first six months of 2022, compared with $2,892 million, or $3.83 per share, in the first six months of 2021. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details on Dow Inc.'s earnings per share calculations.

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TDCC
Net income available for the TDCC common stockholder was $1,667 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with $1,914 million in the second quarter of 2021. Net income available for the TDCC common stockholder was $3,228 million in the first six months of 2022, compared with $2,897 million in the first six months of 2021. TDCC's common shares are owned solely by Dow Inc.

SEGMENT RESULTS
Dow’s measure of profit/loss for segment reporting purposes is Operating EBIT as this is the manner in which the Company's chief operating decision maker assesses performance and allocates resources. The Company defines Operating EBIT as earnings (i.e., "Income before income taxes") before interest, excluding the impact of significant items. Operating EBIT by segment includes all operating items relating to the businesses; items that principally apply to Dow as a whole are assigned to Corporate.

PACKAGING & SPECIALTY PLASTICS
The Packaging & Specialty Plastics operating segment consists of two highly integrated global businesses: Hydrocarbons & Energy and Packaging and Specialty Plastics. The segment employs the industry’s broadest polyolefin product portfolio, supported by the Company’s proprietary catalyst and manufacturing process technologies. These differentiators, plus collaboration at the customer’s design table, enable the segment to deliver more reliable, durable, higher-performing solutions designed for recyclability and enhanced plastics circularity and sustainability. The segment serves customers, brand owners and ultimately consumers in key markets including food and specialty packaging; industrial and consumer packaging; health and hygiene; caps, closures and pipe applications; consumer durables; mobility and transportation; and infrastructure. Ethylene is transferred to downstream derivative businesses at market-based prices, which are generally equivalent to prevailing market prices for large volume purchases. This segment also includes the results of The Kuwait Styrene Company K.S.C.C. and The SCG-Dow Group, as well as a portion of the results of EQUATE Petrochemical Company K.S.C.C. ("EQUATE"), The Kuwait Olefins Company K.S.C.C. ("TKOC"), Map Ta Phut Olefins Company Limited ("Map Ta Phut") and Sadara, all joint ventures of the Company.

The Company is responsible for marketing a majority of Sadara products outside of the Middle East zone through the Company's established sales channels. As part of this arrangement, the Company purchases and sells Sadara products for a marketing fee. In 2021, Dow and the Saudi Arabian Oil Company agreed to and began transitioning the marketing rights and responsibilities for Sadara’s finished products to levels more consistent with each partner’s equity ownership, which is being implemented through 2026. This transition will not impact equity earnings but is expected to reduce the Company's sales of Sadara products over the five year period.

Packaging & Specialty PlasticsThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Net sales$8,233 $7,121 $15,860 $13,203 
Operating EBIT$1,436 $2,014 $2,670 $3,242 
Equity earnings$138 $130 $248 $236 

Packaging & Specialty PlasticsThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
Percentage change from prior yearJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2022
Change in Net Sales from Prior Period due to:
Local price & product mix14 %20 %
Currency(3)(3)
Volume5 3 
Total16 %20 %


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Packaging & Specialty Plastics net sales were $8,233 million in the second quarter of 2022, up 16 percent from net sales of $7,121 million in the second quarter of 2021, with local price up 14 percent, volume up 5 percent and an unfavorable currency impact of 3 percent, primarily in EMEAI. Local price increased in both businesses and across all geographic regions, driven by tight supply and demand dynamics. Local price increased in Hydrocarbons & Energy, primarily in EMEAI, as prices for co-products are generally correlated to Brent crude oil prices, which, on average, increased 62 percent compared with the second quarter of 2021. Local price increased in Packaging and Specialty Plastics driven by favorable supply and demand dynamics in elastomers and specialty resins. Volume increased in Hydrocarbons & Energy, primarily in EMEAI and the U.S. & Canada. Volume increased in Packaging and Specialty Plastics in Asia Pacific, Latin America and the U.S. & Canada, which more than offset a decrease in EMEAI.

Operating EBIT was $1,436 million in the second quarter of 2022, down $578 million from Operating EBIT of $2,014 million in the second quarter of 2021. Operating EBIT decreased due to higher feedstock and raw material costs, which more than offset higher selling prices and increased equity earnings.

Packaging & Specialty Plastics net sales were $15,860 million in the first six months of 2022, up 20 percent from net sales of $13,203 million in the first six months of 2021, with local price up 20 percent, volume up 3 percent and an unfavorable currency impact of 3 percent, primarily in EMEAI. Local price increased in both businesses and across all geographic regions, driven by tight supply and demand dynamics. Local price increased in Hydrocarbons & Energy, primarily in EMEAI and the U.S. & Canada, as prices for co-products are generally correlated to Brent crude oil prices, which, on average, increased 61 percent compared with the first six months of 2021. Local price increased in Packaging and Specialty Plastics driven by favorable supply and demand dynamics in polyethylene and elastomers, notably in flexible food and beverage packaging and infrastructure material applications. Volume increased in Hydrocarbons & Energy, primarily in the U.S. & Canada and EMEAI. Volume decreased in Packaging and Specialty Plastics, primarily in EMEAI, which more than offset increases in all other geographic regions.

Operating EBIT was $2,670 million in the first six months of 2022, down $572 million from Operating EBIT of $3,242 million in the first six months of 2021. Operating EBIT decreased due to higher feedstock and raw material costs, which more than offset higher selling prices and increased equity earnings.

INDUSTRIAL INTERMEDIATES & INFRASTRUCTURE
The Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure operating segment consists of two customer-centric global businesses - Industrial Solutions and Polyurethanes & Construction Chemicals - that develop important intermediate chemicals that are essential to manufacturing processes, as well as downstream, customized materials and formulations that use advanced development technologies. These businesses primarily produce and market ethylene oxide and propylene oxide derivatives that are aligned to market segments as diverse as appliances, coatings, electronics, surfactants for cleaning and sanitization, infrastructure and oil and gas. The businesses' global scale and reach, world-class technology, R&D capabilities and materials science expertise enable the Company to be a premier solutions provider offering customers value-add sustainable solutions to enhance comfort, energy efficiency, product effectiveness and durability across a wide range of home comfort and appliance, building and construction, mobility and transportation, and adhesive and lubricant applications, among others. This segment also includes a portion of the results of EQUATE, TKOC, Map Ta Phut and Sadara, all joint ventures of the Company.

The Company is responsible for marketing a majority of Sadara products outside of the Middle East zone through the Company's established sales channels. As part of this arrangement, the Company purchases and sells Sadara products for a marketing fee. In 2021, Dow and the Saudi Arabian Oil Company agreed to and began transitioning the marketing rights and responsibilities for Sadara’s finished products to levels more consistent with each partner’s equity ownership, which is being implemented through 2026. This transition will not impact equity earnings but is expected to reduce the Company's sales of Sadara products over the five year period.

Industrial Intermediates & InfrastructureThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Net sales$4,370 $4,215 $8,894 $7,822 
Operating EBIT$426 $648 $1,087 $974 
Equity earnings$57 $144 $119 $259 

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Industrial Intermediates & InfrastructureThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
Percentage change from prior yearJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2022
Change in Net Sales from Prior Period due to:
Local price & product mix14 %21 %
Currency(4)(4)
Volume(6)(3)
Total4 %14 %

Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure net sales were $4,370 million in the second quarter of 2022, up 4 percent from $4,215 million in the second quarter of 2021, with local price up 14 percent, volume down 6 percent, and an unfavorable currency impact of 4 percent. Local price increased in both businesses and across all geographic regions, except Asia Pacific. Currency had an unfavorable impact on sales in both businesses and was driven by EMEAI and Asia Pacific. Volume declines in Polyurethanes & Construction Chemicals were partially offset by gains in Industrial Solutions. Volume increased in Industrial Solutions in all geographic regions, driven by higher supply availability and strong demand for pharmaceutical, agricultural and oil and gas-related applications. Volume in Polyurethanes & Construction Chemicals decreased in all geographic regions, excluding Latin America, driven by lower demand, particularly for consumer durables, combined with reduced supply from planned maintenance turnaround activity and third-party outages.

Operating EBIT was $426 million in the second quarter of 2022, down $222 million from Operating EBIT of $648 million in the second quarter of 2021. Operating EBIT decreased primarily due to rising raw material and energy costs; lower equity earnings at Sadara and the Map Ta Phut joint ventures; and increased planned maintenance turnaround activity, which were partially offset by higher selling prices.

Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure net sales were $8,894 million in the first six months of 2022, up 14 percent from net sales of $7,822 million in the first six months of 2021, with local price up 21 percent, volume down 3 percent, and an unfavorable currency impact of 4 percent. Local price increased in both businesses and across all geographic regions, primarily driven by strong supply and demand dynamics and rising energy prices. Currency had an unfavorable impact on sales in both businesses, driven by EMEAI. Volume in Industrial Solutions increased in all geographic regions driven by improved supply availability as the year-ago period was impacted by Winter Storm Uri, and by strong demand in agricultural, pharmaceutical and oil and gas-related applications. Volume in Polyurethanes & Construction Chemicals decreased in all geographic regions, except Latin America, primarily due to lower supply availability from Sadara, slowing demand, particularly for consumer durables, combined with reduced supply from planned maintenance turnaround activity and third-party outages.

Operating EBIT was $1,087 million in the first six months of 2022, up $113 million from Operating EBIT of $974 million in the first six months of 2021. Operating EBIT increased primarily due to local price increases in both businesses and was partially offset by increases in raw material and energy costs and lower equity earnings at Sadara and the Map Ta Phut joint ventures.

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PERFORMANCE MATERIALS & COATINGS
The Performance Materials & Coatings operating segment includes industry-leading franchises that deliver a wide array of solutions into consumer, infrastructure and mobility end-markets. The segment consists of two global businesses: Coatings & Performance Monomers and Consumer Solutions. These businesses primarily utilize the Company's acrylics-, cellulosics- and silicone-based technology platforms to serve the needs of the architectural and industrial coatings; home care and personal care; consumer and electronics; mobility and transportation; industrial and chemical processing; and building and infrastructure end-markets. Both businesses employ materials science capabilities, global reach and unique products and technology to combine chemistry platforms to deliver differentiated, market-driven and sustainable innovations to customers.

Performance Materials & CoatingsThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Net sales$3,003 $2,465 $6,052 $4,588 
Operating EBIT$561 $225 $1,156 $287 
Equity earnings$2 $— $5 $2 

Performance Materials & CoatingsThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
Percentage change from prior yearJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2022
Change in Net Sales from Prior Period due to:
Local price & product mix28 %34 %
Currency(3)(3)
Volume(3)1 
Total22 %32 %

Performance Materials & Coatings net sales were $3,003 million in the second quarter of 2022, up 22 percent from net sales of $2,465 million in the second quarter of 2021, with local price up 28 percent, volume down 3 percent and an unfavorable currency impact of 3 percent. Local price increased in both businesses and across all geographic regions due to favorable supply and demand dynamics and higher raw material prices. Volume decreased in Consumer Solutions in Asia Pacific, EMEAI and Latin America, which were partially offset by strong consumer demand in the U.S. & Canada. Volume decreased in Coatings & Performance Monomers in Asia Pacific, EMEAI and Latin America, which were partially offset by the U.S. & Canada primarily due to improved supply availability as the year-ago period was impacted by Winter Storm Uri. Volume decreased in both businesses as a result of pandemic-related lockdowns in China. The unfavorable currency impact was driven by EMEAI and Asia Pacific.

Operating EBIT was $561 million in the second quarter of 2022, up $336 million from Operating EBIT of $225 million in the second quarter of 2021. Operating EBIT increased primarily due to margin expansion in Consumer Solutions.

Performance Materials & Coatings net sales were $6,052 million in the first six months of 2022, up 32 percent from net sales of $4,588 million in the first six months of 2021, with local price up 34 percent, volume up 1 percent and an unfavorable currency impact of 3 percent. Local price increased in both businesses and across all geographic regions due to favorable supply and demand dynamics and higher raw material prices. Volume increased in the U.S. & Canada, which was partially offset by decreases in EMEAI, Asia Pacific and Latin America. Volume increased in Consumer Solutions in the U.S. & Canada due to strong consumer demand, which was partially offset by decreases in Asia Pacific, EMEAI and Latin America. Volume increased in Coatings & Performance Monomers in the U.S. & Canada primarily due to improved supply availability as the year-ago period was impacted by Winter Storm Uri, which was partially offset by decreases in Asia Pacific and EMEAI. The unfavorable currency impact was driven by EMEAI and Asia Pacific.

Operating EBIT was $1,156 million in the first six months of 2022, up $869 million from Operating EBIT of $287 million in the first six months of 2021. Operating EBIT increased primarily due to margin expansion and higher volume in Consumer Solutions.

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CORPORATE
Corporate includes certain enterprise and governance activities (including insurance operations, environmental operations, etc.); non-business aligned joint ventures; non-business aligned litigation expenses; and discontinued or non-aligned businesses.

CorporateThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
In millionsJun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Net sales$58 $84 $122 $154 
Operating EBIT$(48)$(59)$(119)$(121)
Equity earnings (losses)$(2)$4 $(3)$5 

Net sales for Corporate, which primarily relate to the Company's insurance operations, were $58 million in the second quarter of 2022, a decrease from net sales of $84 million in the second quarter of 2021. Net sales were $122 million in the first six months of 2022, a decrease from net sales of $154 million in the first six months of 2021.

Operating EBIT was a loss of $48 million in the second quarter of 2022, compared with a loss of $59 million in the second quarter of 2021. Operating EBIT improved primarily due to decreased environmental costs. Operating EBIT was a loss of $119 million in the first six months of 2022, compared with a loss of $121 million in the first six months of 2021.

CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $2,367 million at June 30, 2022 and $2,988 million at December 31, 2021, of which $1,397 million at June 30, 2022 and $1,745 million at December 31, 2021 was held by subsidiaries in foreign countries, including U.S. territories. For each of its foreign subsidiaries, Dow makes an assertion regarding the amount of earnings intended for permanent reinvestment, with the balance available to be repatriated to the United States.

Cash held by foreign subsidiaries for permanent reinvestment is generally used to finance the subsidiaries' operational activities and future foreign investments. Dow has the ability to repatriate additional funds to the U.S., which could result in an adjustment to the tax liability for foreign withholding taxes, foreign and/or U.S. state income taxes and the impact of foreign currency movements. At June 30, 2022, management believed that sufficient liquidity was available in the United States. The Company has and expects to continue repatriating certain funds from its non‑U.S. subsidiaries that are not needed to finance local operations; however, these particular repatriation activities have not and are not expected to result in a significant incremental tax liability to the Company.

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The Company's cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows, are summarized in the following table:

Cash Flow SummaryDow Inc.TDCC
Six Months EndedSix Months Ended
Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
In millions
Cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities - continuing operations$3,468 $1,793 $3,493 $1,912 
Operating activities - discontinued operations(11)(80)— — 
Operating activities3,457 1,713 3,493 1,912 
Investing activities(763)(768)(763)(768)
Financing activities(3,096)(2,500)(3,132)(2,699)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(162)(12)(162)(12)
Summary
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(564)(1,567)(564)(1,567)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period3,033 5,108 3,033 5,108 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$2,469 $3,541 $2,469 $3,541 
Less: Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in "Other current assets"102 50 102 50 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$2,367 $3,491 $2,367 $3,491 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations in the first six months of 2022 was primarily driven by the Company's cash earnings and dividends from equity method investments, which were partially offset by cash used for working capital requirements and performance-based compensation payments. Cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations in the first six months of 2021 was primarily driven by the Company's cash earnings, which were partially offset by elective pension contributions, cash used for working capital requirements and performance-based compensation payments.

Net Working CapitalDow Inc.TDCC
Jun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021Jun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Current assets$21,769 $20,848 $21,733 $20,837 
Current liabilities13,309 13,226 13,156 13,046 
Net working capital$8,460 $7,622 $8,577 $7,791 
Current ratio1.64:11.58:11.65:11.60:1

Working Capital MetricsThree Months Ended
Jun 30, 2022Mar 31, 2022Jun 30, 2021
Days sales outstanding in trade receivables43 42 41 
Days sales in inventory56 55 56 
Days payables outstanding58 60 55 

Cash used for operating activities from discontinued operations in the first six months of 2022 and 2021 primarily related to cash payments and receipts Dow Inc. had with DuPont and Corteva that related to certain agreements and matters related to the separation from DowDuPont Inc. ("DowDuPont"). See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash used for investing activities in the first six months of 2022 was primarily for capital expenditures and purchases of investments, which were partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of investments. Cash used for investing activities in the first six months of 2021 was primarily for capital expenditures, purchases of investments and acquisitions of property and businesses, which were partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of investments.

The Company's capital expenditures were $772 million in the first six months of 2022, compared with $622 million in the first six months of 2021. The Company expects full year capital spending in 2022 to be approximately $2.1 billion. The Company will adjust its spending through the year as economic conditions evolve.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Cash used for financing activities in the first six months of 2022 was primarily for payments on long-term debt, which was partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock. In addition, Dow Inc. included a cash outflow for dividends paid to stockholders and purchases of treasury stock. TDCC included a cash outflow for dividends paid to Dow Inc. Cash used for financing activities in the first six months of 2021 included payments on long-term debt, which was partially offset by proceeds from issuance of common stock. In addition, Dow Inc. included a cash outflow for dividends paid to stockholders and purchases of treasury stock. TDCC included a cash outflow for dividends paid to Dow Inc. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the issuance and retirement of debt.

Dow Inc. Non-GAAP Cash Flow Measures
Free Cash Flow
Dow defines free cash flow as "Cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations," less capital expenditures. Under this definition, Free Cash Flow represents the cash generated by Dow from operations after investing in its asset base. Free Cash Flow, combined with cash balances and other sources of liquidity, represents the cash available to fund obligations and provide returns to shareholders. Free Cash Flow is an integral financial measure used in the Company's financial planning process.

Operating EBITDA
Dow defines Operating EBITDA as earnings (i.e., "Income before income taxes") before interest, depreciation and amortization, excluding the impact of significant items.

Cash Flow Conversion (Operating EBITDA to Cash Flow from Operations)
Dow defines Cash Flow Conversion (Operating EBITDA to Cash Flow from Operations) as "Cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations," divided by Operating EBITDA. Management believes Cash Flow Conversion is an important financial metric as it helps the Company determine how efficiently it is converting its earnings into cash flow.
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These financial measures are not recognized in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and should not be viewed as alternatives to U.S. GAAP financial measures of performance. All companies do not calculate non-GAAP financial measures in the same manner and, accordingly, Dow's definitions may not be consistent with the methodologies used by other companies.

Reconciliation of Free Cash Flow
Six Months Ended
Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
In millions
Cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations (GAAP)$3,468 $1,793 
Capital expenditures(772)(622)
Free Cash Flow (non-GAAP) 1
$2,696 $1,171 
1.Free cash flow in the first six months of 2021 reflects a $1 billion elective pension contribution.

Reconciliation of Cash Flow Conversion (Operating EBITDA to Cash Flow from Operations)
Six Months Ended
Jun 30, 2022Jun 30, 2021
In millions
Net income (GAAP)$3,233$2,938
+ Provision for income taxes991841
Income before income taxes$4,224$3,779
- Interest income6421
+ Interest expense and amortization of debt discount332383
- Significant items ¹(302)(241)
Operating EBIT (non-GAAP)$4,794$4,382
+ Depreciation and amortization1,4361,462
Operating EBITDA (non-GAAP)$6,230$5,844
Cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations (GAAP)$3,468$1,793
Cash Flow Conversion (Operating EBITDA to cash flow from operations) (non-GAAP) 2
55.7 %30.7 %
1.The six months ended June 30, 2022 includes costs associated with implementing the Company's Digital Acceleration program and 2020 Restructuring Program, asset related charges due to the Russia and Ukraine conflict, a loss on the early extinguishment of debt and activity related to the separation from DowDuPont. The six months ended June 30, 2021 includes costs associated with implementing the Company's Digital Acceleration program and 2020 Restructuring Program, a loss on early extinguishment of debt and activity related to the separation from DowDuPont. See Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
2.Cash flow conversion in the first six months of 2021 reflects a $1 billion elective pension contribution.

Liquidity & Financial Flexibility
The Company’s primary source of incremental liquidity is cash flows from operating activities. The generation of cash from operations and the Company's ability to access capital markets is expected to meet the Company’s cash requirements for working capital, capital expenditures, debt maturities, contributions to pension plans, dividend distributions to stockholders, share repurchases and other needs. In addition to cash from operating activities, the Company’s current liquidity sources also include TDCC's U.S. and Euromarket commercial paper programs, committed and uncommitted credit facilities, committed accounts receivable facilities, a U.S. retail note program (“InterNotes®”) and other debt markets.

The Company continues to maintain a strong financial position with all of its committed credit facilities undrawn and fully available at June 30, 2022. Cash and committed and available forms of liquidity were $12.2 billion at June 30, 2022. The Company also has no substantive long-term debt maturities due until 2027. Additional details on sources of liquidity are as follows:

Commercial Paper
TDCC issues promissory notes under its U.S. and Euromarket commercial paper programs. TDCC had $200 million of commercial paper outstanding at June 30, 2022. TDCC maintains access to the commercial paper market at competitive rates. Amounts outstanding under TDCC's commercial paper programs during the period may be greater, or less than, the amount reported at the end of the period. Subsequent to June 30, 2022, TDCC issued approximately $600 million of commercial paper.


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Committed Credit Facilities
The Company also has the ability to access liquidity through TDCC's committed and available credit facilities. At June 30, 2022, TDCC had total committed and available credit facilities of $8.4 billion. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on committed and available credit facilities.

Committed Accounts Receivable Facilities
In addition to the above committed credit facilities, the Company maintains a committed accounts receivable facility in the U.S. where eligible trade accounts receivable, up to $900 million, may be sold at any point in time. The Company also maintains a committed accounts receivable facility in Europe where eligible trade accounts receivable, up to €500 million, may be sold at any point in time. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company sold $141 million ($391 million in the first six months of 2022) of receivables under the U.S. and Europe committed accounts receivable facilities. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Company-Owned Life Insurance
The Company has investments in company-owned life insurance ("COLI") policies, which are recorded at their cash surrender value as of each balance sheet date. The Company has the ability to monetize its investment in its COLI policies as an additional source of liquidity. The Company had no outstanding monetization of its existing COLI policies' surrender value at June 30, 2022. For additional information, see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.

Uncommitted Credit Facilities
The Company has entered into various uncommitted bilateral credit arrangements as a potential source of excess liquidity. These lines can be used to support short-term liquidity needs and for general purposes, including letters of credit. The Company had no drawdowns outstanding at June 30, 2022.

Shelf Registration - U.S.
On June 13, 2022, Dow Inc. and TDCC filed a shelf registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The shelf indicates that Dow Inc. may offer common stock; preferred stock; depositary shares; debt securities; guarantees; warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock and debt securities; and stock purchase contracts and stock purchase units, with pricing and availability of any such offerings depending on market conditions. The shelf also indicates that TDCC may offer debt securities, guarantees and warrants to purchase debt securities, with pricing and availability of any such offerings depending on market conditions. In the third quarter of 2022, TDCC intends to file a prospectus supplement under this shelf registration to register an undetermined amount of securities for issuance under InterNotes®. Also, in the third quarter of 2022, TDCC intends to file a prospectus supplement under this shelf registration to register an undetermined amount of securities for issuance under a medium-term notes program.

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Debt
As the Company continues to maintain its strong balance sheet and financial flexibility, management is focused on net debt (a non-GAAP financial measure), as the Company believes this is the best representation of its financial leverage at this point in time. As shown in the following table, net debt is equal to total gross debt minus "Cash and cash equivalents" and "Marketable securities."

Total DebtDow Inc.TDCC
Jun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021Jun 30, 2022Dec 31, 2021
In millions
Notes payable$295$161$295$161
Long-term debt due within one year361231361231
Long-term debt13,06514,28013,06514,280
Gross debt$13,721$14,672$13,721$14,672
 - Cash and cash equivalents2,3672,9882,3672,988
 - Marketable securities 1
169245169245
Net debt$11,185$11,439$11,185$11,439
Total equity$19,507$18,739$19,754$19,029
Gross debt as a percent of total capitalization41.3 %43.9 %41.0 %43.5 %
Net debt as a percent of total capitalization36.4 %37.9 %36.2 %37.5 %
1.Included in "Other current assets" in the consolidated balance sheets.

In the second quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed $750 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625 percent notes due May 2026.

The Company may at any time repurchase certain debt securities in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions subject to: the applicable terms under which any such debt securities were issued, certain internal approvals of the Company, and applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction in which any such potential transactions might take place. This in no way obligates the Company to make any such repurchases nor should it be considered an offer to do so.

TDCC's public debt instruments and primary, private credit agreements contain, among other provisions, certain customary restrictive covenant and default provisions. TDCC's most significant debt covenant with regard to its financial position is the obligation to maintain the ratio of its consolidated indebtedness to consolidated capitalization at no greater than 0.70 to 1.00 at any time the aggregate outstanding amount of loans under the Five Year Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Facility Agreement ("Revolving Credit Agreement") equals or exceeds $500 million. The ratio of TDCC's consolidated indebtedness to consolidated capitalization as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement was 0.38 to 1.00 at June 30, 2022. Management believes TDCC was in compliance with all of its covenants and default provisions at June 30, 2022. For information on TDCC's debt covenants and default provisions, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K. There were no material changes to the debt covenants and default provisions related to TDCC’s outstanding long-term debt and primary, private credit agreements in the first six months of 2022.

While taking into consideration the current economic environment, management expects that the Company will continue to have sufficient liquidity and financial flexibility to meet all of its business obligations.
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Credit Ratings
At June 30, 2022, TDCC's credit ratings were as follows:

Credit RatingsLong-Term Rating Short-Term RatingOutlook
Fitch RatingsBBB+F2Positive
Moody’s Investors ServiceBaa1P-2Stable
Standard & Poor’sBBBA-2Positive

On May 31, 2022, Moody's Investors Service announced a credit rating upgrade for TDCC from Baa2 to Baa1, affirmed its P-2 rating and maintained a stable outlook. On June 6, 2022, Fitch Ratings affirmed TDCC’s BBB+ and F2 rating, and revised its outlook to positive from stable. On June 8, 2022, Standard & Poor’s affirmed TDCC’s BBB and A-2 rating, and revised its outlook to positive from stable. These credit agencies' decisions were made as part of their annual review process and reflect the Company's supportive financial policies and strong operating performance.

Dividends
Dow Inc.
Dow Inc. has paid dividends on a quarterly basis since the separation from DowDuPont and expects to continue to do so, subject to approval by the Board. The dividends declared by the Board align to the Company's strategy announced in 2018 of returning approximately 45 percent of operating net income1 to the shareholders through the dividend and total shareholder remuneration of approximately 65 percent, when including share repurchases, over the economic cycle. The following table summarizes cash dividends declared by the Board and paid to common stockholders of record by Dow Inc. in 2022:

Dow Inc. Cash Dividends Declared and Paid
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment DateAmount (per share)
February 10, 2022February 28, 2022March 11, 2022$0.70 
April 13, 2022May 31, 2022June 10, 2022$0.70 

TDCC
TDCC has committed to fund Dow Inc.'s dividends paid to common stockholders and share repurchases, as approved by Dow Inc.'s Board from time to time, as well as certain governance expenses. Funding is accomplished through intercompany loans. TDCC's Board reviews and determines a dividend distribution to Dow Inc. to settle the intercompany loans. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, TDCC declared and paid a dividend to Dow Inc. of $1,333 million ($2,454 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022). At June 30, 2022, TDCC's intercompany loan balance with Dow Inc. was insignificant. See Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Share Repurchase Program
On April 1, 2019, Dow Inc.'s Board ratified the share repurchase program originally approved on March 15, 2019, authorizing up to $3 billion to be spent on the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date. The Company completed the April 1, 2019 share repurchase program in the second quarter of 2022. On April 13, 2022, Dow Inc.'s Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing up to $3 billion for the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date. The Company repurchased $800 million of its common stock in the second quarter of 2022 ($1,400 million in the first six months of 2022). At June 30, 2022, approximately $2,975 million of the new share repurchase program authorization remained available for repurchases. As previously announced, the Company intends to, at a minimum, repurchase shares to cover dilution. With the announcement of the new share repurchase program, the Company may from time to time expand its share repurchases beyond dilution, based on a number of factors including macroeconomic conditions, free cash flow generation, and the Dow share price. Any share repurchases, when coupled with the Company's dividends, is intended to implement the long-term strategy of ensuring shareholder remuneration is approximately 65 percent over the economic cycle.



1.Operating net income is a non-GAAP measure that Dow defines as "Net income available for Dow Inc. common stockholders," excluding the impact of significant items.
59
Pension Plans
The Company has both funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans that cover employees in the United States and a number of other countries. The Company's funding policy is to contribute to funded plans when pension laws and/or economics either require or encourage funding. The Company expects to contribute approximately $250 million to its pension plans in 2022, of which $89 million has been contributed through June 30, 2022. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K for additional information related to the Company's pension plans.

Restructuring
The actions related to the 2020 Restructuring Program are expected to result in additional cash expenditures of $98 million, primarily through the end of 2022 and into 2023, consisting of severance and related benefit costs and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, including contract cancellation penalties and environmental remediation. Restructuring implementation costs, primarily decommissioning and demolition activities related to asset actions, are expected to result in additional cash expenditures of approximately $20 million, primarily through the end of 2022. Restructuring implementation costs totaled $10 million in the second quarter of 2022 ($20 million in the first six months of 2022).

The Company expects to incur additional costs in the future related to its restructuring activities, which will be recognized as incurred. The Company also expects to incur additional employee-related costs, including involuntary termination benefits related to its other optimization activities. These costs cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company's restructuring activities.

Digital Acceleration
In 2021, Dow announced plans to further advance and expand its digitalization efforts to deliver long-term value creation by accelerating investment in three key areas: expanding digital tools to accelerate materials science innovation; further enhancing the e-commerce buying and fulfillment experience for Dow's customers; and adopting real-time digital manufacturing insights, operational data intelligence and demand sensing to enhance the productivity and reliability of Dow’s operations. The Company expects more than $300 million in incremental annual run rate Operating EBITDA generation by the end of 2025 related to digital acceleration, with an additional one-time $100 million in structural working capital efficiency gains, driven in part by enhanced planning from digital tools. The activities related to digital acceleration are expected to result in additional cash expenditures of approximately $140 million, primarily through the end of 2022. Digital acceleration expenses totaled $51 million in the second quarter of 2022 ($92 million in the first six months of 2022).

Contractual Obligations
Information related to the Company’s contractual obligations, commercial commitments and expected cash requirements for interest can be found in Notes 15, 16, 17 and 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K. With the exception of the items noted below, there have been no material changes in the Company’s contractual obligations since December 31, 2021.

Contractual Obligations at Jun 30, 2022
Payments Due In
In millions20222023-20242025-20262027 and beyondTotal
Long-term debt obligations 1
$58 $469 $464 $12,710 $13,701 
Expected cash requirements for interest 2
$302 $1,151 $1,106 $7,387 $9,946 
1.Excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $275 million. Includes finance lease obligations of $826 million.
2.Cash requirements for interest on long-term debt was calculated using current interest rates at June 30, 2022, and includes $56 million of various floating rate notes.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Off-balance sheet arrangements are obligations the Company has with nonconsolidated entities related to transactions, agreements or other contractual arrangements. The Company holds variable interests in joint ventures accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of these joint ventures and therefore is not required to consolidate these entities (see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Guarantees arise during the ordinary course of business from relationships with customers, committed accounts receivable facilities and nonconsolidated affiliates when the Company undertakes an obligation to guarantee the performance of others if specific triggering events occur. Additional information related to guarantees can be found in the "Guarantees" section of Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fair Value Measurements
See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information concerning fair value measurements.

OTHER MATTERS
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s critical accounting policies that are impacted by judgments, assumptions and estimates are described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the 2021 10-K. Since December 31, 2021, there have been no material changes in the Company’s accounting policies that are impacted by judgments, assumptions and estimates.

Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation
Union Carbide is and has been involved in a large number of asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts during the past four decades. These suits principally allege personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos‑containing products and frequently seek both actual and punitive damages. The alleged claims primarily relate to products that Union Carbide sold in the past, alleged exposure to asbestos-containing products located on Union Carbide’s premises, and Union Carbide’s responsibility for asbestos suits filed against a former Union Carbide subsidiary, Amchem Products, Inc. (“Amchem”). In many cases, plaintiffs are unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any compensable loss as a result of such exposure, or that injuries incurred in fact resulted from exposure to Union Carbide’s products.

The table below provides information regarding asbestos-related claims pending against Union Carbide and Amchem based on criteria developed by Union Carbide and its external consultants:

Asbestos-Related Claim Activity20222021
Claims unresolved at Jan 18,747 9,126 
Claims filed2,388 2,081 
Claims settled, dismissed or otherwise resolved(2,275)(2,184)
Claims unresolved at Jun 308,860 9,023 
Claimants with claims against both Union Carbide and Amchem(2,106)(2,498)
Individual claimants at Jun 306,754 6,525 

Plaintiffs’ lawyers often sue numerous defendants in individual lawsuits or on behalf of numerous claimants. As a result, the damages alleged are not expressly identified as to Union Carbide, Amchem or any other particular defendant, even when specific damages are alleged with respect to a specific disease or injury. In fact, there are no personal injury cases in which only Union Carbide and/or Amchem are the sole named defendants. For these reasons and based upon Union Carbide’s litigation and settlement experience, Union Carbide does not consider the damages alleged against Union Carbide and Amchem to be a meaningful factor in its determination of any potential asbestos-related liability.

61
For additional information, see Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements; Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings; and Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K.


ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in the combined Dow Inc. and TDCC Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, for information on the Company's utilization of financial instruments and an analysis of the sensitivity of these instruments.


ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Dow Inc. and The Dow Chemical Company (the "Companies") carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Companies' Disclosure Committee and the Companies' management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Companies' disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to paragraph (b) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Companies' disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Companies' internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 that was conducted during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companies' internal control over financial reporting.
62
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation
No material developments regarding this matter occurred in the first six months of 2022. For a current status of this matter, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Environmental Proceedings
On May 17, 2021, the Company received a civil complaint from the State of Texas ("State") on behalf of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The complaint, filed in the 250th District Court of Travis County, Texas, alleges environmental violations at the Company's Freeport, Texas, site involving 12 discrete air emissions events. The State is seeking monetary relief of no more than $1 million and injunctive relief to prevent recurrence. On August 31, 2021, the State informed the Company that it would be including additional air emissions events in the complaint, which may impact the monetary relief sought by the State. Discussions between the Company and the Texas Office of the Attorney General are ongoing.

On February 3, 2022, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) proposed a draft administrative order to resolve alleged violations at the Rohm and Haas Chemicals facility in Kankakee, Illinois, relating to a storage tank at the site that does not have certain control equipment specified by EPA Clean Air Act regulations. This issue was self-disclosed by the facility to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency in 2015. Negotiations with the agencies are ongoing.


ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Since December 31, 2021, there have been no material changes to the Company's Risk Factors, except as noted below:

Global Economic Considerations: The Company operates in a global, competitive environment which gives rise to operating and market risk exposure.
The Company sells its broad range of products and services in a competitive, global environment, and competes worldwide for sales on the basis of product quality, price, technology and customer service. Increased levels of competition could result in lower prices or lower sales volume, which could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations. Sales of the Company's products are also subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations; trade agreements; import and export controls; taxes; and duties and tariffs. The imposition of additional regulations, controls, taxes and duties and tariffs or changes to bilateral and regional trade agreements could result in lower sales volume, which could negatively impact the Company’s results of operations.

Economic conditions around the world, and in certain industries in which the Company does business, also impact sales price and volume. As a result, market uncertainty or an economic downturn driven by inflationary pressures; political tensions; war, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the related sanctions and export restrictions; terrorism; epidemics; pandemics; or political instability in the geographic regions or industries in which the Company sells its products could reduce demand for these products and result in decreased sales volume, which could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations.

In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine resulting in the United States, Canada, the European Union and other countries imposing economic sanctions on Russia. Dow suspended all purchases of feedstocks and energy from Russia and has significantly reduced its operations and product offerings in the country. Dow has also stopped all investments in Russia and is only supplying limited essential goods to Russia. These actions have not had and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations. However, the fluidity and continuation of the conflict may result in additional economic sanctions and other impacts which could have a negative impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These include decreased sales; supply chain and logistics disruptions; volatility in foreign exchange rates and interest rates; inflationary pressures on raw materials and energy; and heightened cybersecurity threats.

63
In addition, volatility and disruption of financial markets could limit customers’ ability to obtain adequate financing to maintain operations, which could result in a decrease in sales volume and have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations. The Company’s global business operations also give rise to market risk exposure related to changes in inflation, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, commodity prices and other market factors such as equity prices. To manage such risks, the Company enters into hedging transactions, where deemed appropriate, pursuant to established guidelines and policies. If the Company fails to effectively manage such risks, it could have a negative impact on its results of operations.


ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information regarding purchases of Dow Inc. common stock by the Company during the three months ended June 30, 2022:

Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesTotal number of shares purchased as part of the Company's publicly announced share repurchase program
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the Company's publicly announced share repurchase program 1
(In millions)
PeriodTotal number of shares purchasedAverage price paid per share
April 20221,153,050 $67.64 1,153,050 $3,697 
May 20228,057,999 $67.74 8,057,999 $3,151 
June 20222,598,049 $67.81 2,598,049 $2,975 
Second quarter 202211,809,098 $67.74 11,809,098 $2,975 
1.On April 1, 2019, Dow Inc.'s Board of Directors ratified the share repurchase program originally approved on March 15, 2019, authorizing up to $3.0 billion to be spent on the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date. The Company completed the April 1, 2019 share repurchase program in the second quarter of 2022. On April 13, 2022, Dow Inc.'s Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing up to $3.0 billion for the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date.


ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.


ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.


64
Table of Contents
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT NO.DESCRIPTION
4.3Dow Inc. agrees to provide the SEC, on request, copies of all other such indentures and instruments that define the rights of holders of long-term debt of Dow Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including The Dow Chemical Company, pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K.
23 *
Ankura Consulting Group, LLC's Consent.
31.1 *
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 *
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 *
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 *
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INSThe instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File. The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

* Filed herewith
65
Dow Inc.
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Trademark Listing

The following registered trademark of InspereX Holdings LLC appears in this report: InterNotes®




















































® SM Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow") or an affiliated company of Dow, except as otherwise specified.
66
Dow Inc. and Subsidiaries
The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

DOW INC.
THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY

Date: July 22, 2022


/s/ RONALD C. EDMONDS
Ronald C. Edmonds
Controller and Vice President
of Controllers and Tax
(Authorized Signatory and
Principal Accounting Officer)
67

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