QCR Holdings
QCRH
#5376
Rank
ยฃ1.11 B
Marketcap
ยฃ67.65
Share price
-0.22%
Change (1 day)
34.39%
Change (1 year)

QCR Holdings - 10-Q quarterly report FY


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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to________

Commission file number 0-22208

QCR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

42-1397595

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3551 7th Street, Moline, Illinois 61265

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(309) 736-3580

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value

QCRH

The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes       No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes       No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes       No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: As of May 1, 2026, the Registrant had outstanding 16,509,789 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share.

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Page
Number(s)

Part I

  ​ ​ ​

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1

Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025

4

Consolidated Statements of Income
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

5

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

6

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

7

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

9

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9

Note 2. Investment Securities

12

Note 3. Loans/Leases Receivable

16

Note 4. Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

25

Note 5. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

25

Note 6. Income Taxes

29

Note 7. Earnings Per Share

30

Note 8. Fair Value

30

Note 9. Business Segment Information

33

Note 10. Regulatory Capital Requirements

34

Note 11. Commitments

35

Note 12. Legal Contingencies

35

Item 2

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction

37

General

37

Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

37

Executive Overview

37

Strategic Financial Metrics

39

Strategic Developments

39

GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations

40

Net Interest Income - (Tax Equivalent Basis)

43

Results of Operations

45

Interest Income

45

Interest Expense

46

Provision for Credit Losses

46

Noninterest Income

47

Noninterest Expense

49

2

Income Taxes

50

Financial Condition

51

Investment Securities

51

Loans/Leases

52

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans/Leases and OBS Exposures

54

Nonperforming Assets

56

Deposits

57

Borrowings

57

Stockholders' Equity

59

Liquidity and Capital Resources

59

Special Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

60

Item 3

  ​ ​

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

63

Item 4

Controls and Procedures

65

Part II

  ​ ​ ​

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1

Legal Proceedings

66

Item 1A

Risk Factors

66

Item 2

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

67

Item 3

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

67

Item 4

Mine Safety Disclosures

67

Item 5

Other Information

67

Item 6

Exhibits

67

Signatures

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we use certain acronyms and abbreviations, as defined in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025

March 31,

December 31,

2026

2025

(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Cash and due from banks

$

80,038

$

76,494

Federal funds sold

 

950

 

23,150

Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions

 

38,340

 

53,249

Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (including securities pledged on other borrowings of $175,841 and $176,632, respectively, net of allowance for credit losses)

 

951,916

 

948,676

Securities available for sale, at fair value

 

290,106

 

279,777

Securities trading, at fair value

 

82,728

 

83,857

Total securities

1,324,750

 

1,312,310

Loans receivable held for sale

 

524,931

 

1,429

Loans/leases receivable held for investment

 

6,760,569

 

7,165,526

Gross loans/leases receivable

 

7,285,500

 

7,166,955

Less allowance for credit losses

 

(85,459)

 

(90,127)

Net loans/leases receivable

 

7,200,041

 

7,076,828

 

  ​

 

  ​

Bank-owned life insurance

 

113,774

 

112,937

Premises and equipment, net

 

225,376

 

215,411

Restricted investment securities

 

24,289

 

33,489

Other real estate owned, net

 

540

 

540

Goodwill

 

138,595

 

138,595

Intangibles

 

7,574

 

8,080

Derivatives

209,836

188,409

Other assets

 

249,592

 

258,702

Total assets

$

9,613,695

$

9,498,194

 

  ​

 

  ​

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 

  ​

 

  ​

Liabilities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Deposits:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Noninterest-bearing

$

987,514

$

950,977

Interest-bearing

 

6,783,336

 

6,463,221

Total deposits

 

7,770,850

 

7,414,198

 

  ​

 

  ​

Short-term borrowings

 

1,950

 

2,650

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

25,609

 

245,383

Other borrowings

 

107,457

 

107,395

Subordinated notes

234,217

234,122

Junior subordinated debentures

 

49,024

 

48,991

Derivatives

149,836

137,051

Other liabilities

 

152,288

 

196,093

Total liabilities

 

8,491,231

 

8,385,883

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Stockholders' Equity:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Preferred stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 250,000 March 2026 and December 2025 - no shares issued or outstanding

 

 

Common stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 20,000,000 March 2026 - 16,496,102 shares issued and outstanding December 2025 - 16,690,603 shares issued and outstanding

 

16,496

 

16,691

Additional paid-in capital

 

368,522

 

372,851

Retained earnings

 

789,909

 

773,353

Accumulated other comprehensive loss:

 

 

Securities available for sale

 

(38,033)

 

(35,655)

Derivatives

(14,430)

(14,929)

Total stockholders' equity

 

1,122,464

 

1,112,311

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$

9,613,695

$

9,498,194

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

4

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

Interest and dividend income:

Loans/leases, including fees:

Taxable

$

76,657

$

74,088

Nontaxable

25,458

26,348

Securities:

Taxable

 

4,962

 

4,588

Nontaxable

 

11,068

 

9,212

Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions

 

1,488

 

1,804

Restricted investment securities

 

385

 

534

Federal funds sold

 

73

 

99

Total interest and dividend income

 

120,091

 

116,673

Interest expense:

Deposits

 

45,555

 

50,387

Short-term borrowings

 

27

 

18

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

297

 

1,996

Other borrowings

 

1,167

 

Subordinated notes

4,920

3,602

Junior subordinated debentures

 

687

 

684

Total interest expense

 

52,653

 

56,687

Net interest income

 

67,438

 

59,986

Provision for credit losses

 

2,454

 

4,234

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

64,984

 

55,752

Noninterest income:

Trust fees

 

3,894

 

3,686

Investment advisory and management fees

 

1,539

 

1,254

Deposit service fees

 

1,973

 

2,183

Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net

 

614

 

297

Capital markets revenue

 

10,701

 

6,516

Earnings on bank-owned life insurance

 

931

 

524

Debit card fees

 

1,659

 

1,488

Correspondent banking fees

 

693

 

614

Loan related fee income

950

898

Fair value gain (loss) on derivatives and trading securities

(869)

(1,007)

Other

 

867

 

439

Total noninterest income

 

22,952

 

16,892

Noninterest expense:

Salaries and employee benefits

 

31,389

 

27,364

Occupancy and equipment expense

 

7,479

 

6,455

Professional and data processing fees

 

5,162

 

5,144

FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees

 

2,072

 

1,970

Loan/lease expense

 

106

 

381

Net cost of (income from) and losses/(gains) on operations of other real estate

 

16

 

(9)

Advertising and marketing

 

1,775

 

1,613

Communication and data connectivity

202

290

Supplies

233

207

Bank service charges

 

664

 

596

Correspondent banking expense

 

333

 

329

Intangibles amortization

 

506

 

661

Payment card processing

508

594

Trust expense

474

357

Other

 

1,206

 

587

Total noninterest expense

 

52,125

 

46,539

Net income before income taxes

 

35,811

 

26,105

Federal and state income tax expense

 

2,428

 

308

Net income

$

33,383

$

25,797

Basic earnings per common share

$

2.00

$

1.53

Diluted earnings per common share

$

1.99

$

1.52

Weighted average common shares outstanding

 

16,651,808

 

16,900,785

Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding

 

16,741,541

 

17,013,992

Cash dividends declared per common share

$

0.10

$

0.06

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

5

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

Three Months Ended March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(dollars in thousands)

Net income

$

33,383

$

25,797

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Unrealized losses on securities available for sale:

Unrealized holding losses arising during the period before tax

(3,134)

 

(3,301)

 

(3,134)

 

(3,301)

Unrealized gains on derivatives:

Unrealized holding gains arising during the period before tax

 

632

 

3,868

 

632

 

3,868

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax

 

(2,502)

 

567

Tax expense (benefit)

 

(623)

 

163

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

 

(1,879)

 

404

Comprehensive income

$

31,504

$

26,201

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

6

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Common

Paid-In

Retained

Comprehensive

  ​ ​ ​

Stock

  ​ ​ ​

Capital

  ​ ​ ​

Earnings

  ​ ​ ​

(Loss)

  ​ ​ ​

Total

(dollars in thousands)

Balance December 31, 2025

$

16,691

$

372,851

$

773,353

$

(50,584)

$

1,112,311

Net income

 

 

 

33,383

 

 

33,383

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 

 

 

 

(1,879)

 

(1,879)

Common cash dividends declared, $0.10 per share

 

 

 

(1,674)

 

 

(1,674)

Repurchase and cancellation of 247,289 shares of common stock

as a result of a share repurchase program

(247)

(5,442)

(15,153)

(20,842)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

1,053

 

 

 

1,053

Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans

 

52

 

60

 

 

 

112

Balance, March 31, 2026

$

16,496

$

368,522

$

789,909

$

(52,463)

$

1,122,464

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Common

Paid-In

Retained

Comprehensive

  ​ ​ ​

Stock

  ​ ​ ​

Capital

  ​ ​ ​

Earnings

  ​ ​ ​

Income/(Loss)

  ​ ​ ​

Total

(dollars in thousands)

Balance December 31, 2024

$

16,882

$

374,975

$

665,171

$

(59,641)

$

997,387

Net income

 

 

 

25,797

 

 

25,797

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

 

 

 

404

 

404

Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share

 

 

 

(1,015)

 

 

(1,015)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

1,299

 

 

 

1,299

Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans

 

38

 

(1,163)

 

 

 

(1,125)

Balance, March 31, 2025

$

16,920

$

375,111

$

689,953

$

(59,237)

$

1,022,747

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

7

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(dollars in thousands)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

 

  ​

 

  ​

Net income

$

33,383

$

25,797

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Depreciation

 

2,317

 

2,208

Provision for credit losses

 

2,454

 

4,234

Stock-based compensation expense

 

1,053

 

1,299

Deferred compensation expense accrued

 

1,619

 

1,444

Gains on other real estate owned, net

 

 

(31)

Amortization of securities premiums/discounts, net

 

1,371

 

719

Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities

869

1,007

Ineffectiveness on fair value hedges

5

16

Loans originated for sale

 

(25,697)

 

(16,211)

Proceeds on sales of loans

 

25,677

 

16,687

Gains on sales of residential real estate loans

 

(614)

 

(297)

Amortization of intangibles

 

506

 

661

Accretion of acquisition fair value adjustments, net

 

(891)

 

(184)

Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance

 

(837)

 

(524)

Increase (decrease) in other assets

 

8,881

 

(12,243)

Increase in other liabilities

(45,696)

(28,136)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

$

4,400

$

(3,554)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

 

  ​

 

  ​

Net decrease in federal funds sold

 

22,200

 

18,250

Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions

 

8,129

 

(73,374)

Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned

 

 

400

Activity in securities portfolio:

 

 

Purchases

 

(33,841)

 

(48,301)

Calls, maturities and redemptions

 

15,463

 

13,985

Paydowns

 

1,433

 

10,014

Activity in restricted investment securities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Purchases

 

(346)

 

(64)

Redemptions

 

9,546

 

6,174

Net increase in loans/leases originated and held for investment

 

(125,595)

 

(41,464)

Purchase of premises and equipment

(12,282)

(9,119)

Net cash used in investing activities

$

(115,293)

$

(123,499)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

 

  ​

 

  ​

Net increase in deposit accounts

 

356,652

 

276,203

Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings

 

(700)

 

250

Activity in Federal Home Loan Bank advances:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Term advances

 

226

 

Net change in short-term and overnight advances

 

(220,000)

 

(140,000)

Payment of cash dividends on common stock

 

(1,011)

 

(1,013)

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net

112

(1,125)

Repurchase and cancellation of common stock

(20,842)

Net cash provided by financing activities

$

114,437

$

134,315

Net increase in cash and due from banks

 

3,544

 

7,262

Cash and due from banks, beginning

 

76,494

 

91,732

Cash and due from banks, ending

$

80,038

$

98,994

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(dollars in thousands)

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information, cash payments for:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Interest

$

53,290

$

57,886

Income/franchise taxes

 

11,402

 

43

 

  ​

 

Supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities:

 

  ​

 

Change in fair value of fair value hedges

1,246

(1,556)

Transfers of loans to other real estate owned

 

 

110

Transfer of loans to held for sale

522,868

Increase (decrease) in the fair value of back-to-back interest rate swap assets and liabilities

 

21,187

 

(4,952)

Dividends payable

 

1,674

 

1,015

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

8

Part I

Item 1

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

March 31, 2026

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation:  The interim unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2026. Accordingly, footnote disclosures, which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, have been omitted.

The financial information of the Company included herein has been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial reporting and has been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Such information reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Any differences appearing between the numbers presented in financial statements and management's discussion and analysis are due to rounding. The results of the interim period ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year ending December 31, 2026, or for any other period.

The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It may be helpful to refer back to this page as you read this report.

ACL: Allowance for credit losses

GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

AFS: Available for sale

GB: Guaranty Bank

Allowance: Allowance for credit losses

GFED: Guaranty Federal Bancshares, Inc.

AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

HTM: Held to maturity

ASC: Accounting Standards Codification

ICS: Insured Cash Sweep

ASU: Accounting Standards Update

ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association

BOLI: Bank-owned life insurance

LHFS: Loans held for sale

Caps: Interest rate cap derivatives

LIHTC: Low-income housing tax credit

CDARS: Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service

m2: m2 Equipment Finance, LLC

CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses

NIM: Net interest margin

Community National: Community National Bancorporation

NPA: Nonperforming asset

Company: QCR Holdings, Inc.

NPL: Nonperforming loan

CRBT: Cedar Rapids Bank & Trust Company

OBS: Off-balance sheet

CRE: Commercial real estate

OREO: Other real estate owned

CSB: Community State Bank

PCAOB: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

C&I: Commercial and industrial

Provision: Provision for credit losses

EBA: Excess balance account

QCBT: Quad City Bank & Trust Company

EPS: Earnings per share

ROAA: Return on average assets

Exchange Act: Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as

ROAE: Return on average equity

amended

SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission

FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board

SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate

FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

SPE: Special purpose entity

Federal Reserve: Board of Governors of the Federal

Swaption: Swap option

Reserve System

TA: Tangible assets

FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank

TCE: Tangible common equity

FRB: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago

TEY: Tax equivalent yield

FTEs: Full-time equivalents

VIE: Variable interest entities

9

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries which include the accounts of four commercial banks:  QCBT, CRBT, CSB and GB. All four banks are state-chartered commercial banks and all are members of the Federal Reserve system. The Company has historically engaged in direct financing lease contracts through m2, a wholly owned subsidiary of QCBT. Since the third quarter of 2024, m2 has discontinued offering new loans and leases.  Additionally, the Company also engages in wealth management services through its banking subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Derivatives: During the first quarter of 2026, the Company elected to present certain derivative assets and liabilities on a net basis when such instruments are subject to a legally enforceable master netting arrangement and the company has the intent to settle on a net basis or simultaneously, in accordance with ASC 210-20 “Balance Sheet – Offsetting”.  This election applies to all derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under legally enforceable ISDA master netting arrangements and, where applicable, related cash collateral recognized under ASC 815. Certain derivative positions may remain presented on a gross basis even when subject to a master netting arrangement if they do not meet the balance sheet offsetting criteria as of the reporting date. Master netting arrangements give the Company the ability, in the event of default by the counterparty, to liquidate collateral and to offset receivables and payables with the same counterparty. This change affects the presentation of derivative assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets but does not impact net income or total stockholders’ equity.  The reclassification of prior-period amounts was made to conform with the current-period presentation, as the derivative instruments were subject to legally enforceable master netting arrangements in prior periods and no changes occurred to the underlying contractual rights.

Netting adjustments represent amounts recorded to convert derivative assets and derivative liabilities from a gross basis to a net basis in accordance with ASC 815, consistent with the balance sheet presentation. Cash collateral receivables and payables are included in balance sheet netting when they meet the criteria for offsetting under ASC 815-10-45-5A.  The net basis represents the aggregate of our net exposure to each counterparty after considering the balance sheet netting adjustments and any cash collateral.  The Company manages derivative exposure by monitoring the credit risk associated with each counterparty using counterparty-specific credit risk limits, using master netting arrangements and obtaining collateral.

The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 presented herein reflects a reclassification of $77.3 million between assets and liabilities to match current period balance sheet presentation.  See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the gross and net presentation of derivative instruments.

Reclassifications: Certain amounts in the prior year’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been reclassified, with no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity to conform with the current period presentation.  

Recent accounting developments:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures.  Investors, lenders, creditors and other allocators of capital information will be able to use the expanded disclosures to better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operation opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows.  The ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024.  The standard was adopted for the year ending December 31, 2025, and newly required disclosures have been provided in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.  The ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance improves GAAP by adding an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance of “Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation” for profits interest and similar awards.  The illustrative examples will benefit investors and other allocators of capital by providing them with more consistent information. The ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those annual periods.  The standard was adopted on January 1, 2025 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

10

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance improves disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses, and provides more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions.  The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.  The standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements; however, it will require expanded disaggregation of certain income statement expense captions in the notes to the financial statements in 2027.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidated (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity.”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance limits situations in which entities must identify the primary beneficiary as the accounting acquirer in certain business combinations and requires entities to consider the general factors in Topic 805 when a business combination involving a VIE is primarily effected through exchanging equity interests.   The ASU is effective prospectively to annual and interim reporting periods after December 15, 2026.  The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance changes the cost capitalization threshold by eliminating accounting consideration of software project development stages; cost capitalization would begin when (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the project and (2) it is “probable” the project will be completed and the software used to perform its intended function; and enhancing the guidance around the probable-to-complete threshold.  The standard also modifies the website development costs guidance.   The ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods after December 15, 2027 and early adoption is permitted.  The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, “Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract.”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance refines the scope of Topic 815 (derivatives) by adding a scope exception from derivative accounting for contracts that (1) are not exchange traded and (2) have underlying variables based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract.  The accounting guidance also clarifies that revenue guidance in Topic 606 applies initially to share-based noncash consideration received from a customer for the transfer of goods or services.   The ASU is effective in interim and annual periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and may be applied either on a prospective or modified retrospective basis.  Early adoption is permitted.  The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, “Purchased Loans.”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance expands the use of the gross-up method to certain acquired loans beyond purchased financial assets with credit deterioration (PCD assets).  The ASU is effective for interim and annual and reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and is applied on a prospective basis.  Early adoption is permitted. The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, “Hedge Accounting Improvements.”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance is intended to more closely align financial reporting with the economics of some of an entity’s risk management activities.  The guidance is applied prospectively to all hedging relationships beginning on or after the date of adoption without dedesignation.  The ASU is effective prospectively to annual and interim reporting periods after December 15, 2026.  Early adoption is permitted. The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements.”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance clarifies the form and content choices for interim financial statements and accompanying notes, adds a comprehensive list of required interim disclosures, and introduces a disclosure principle that requires disclosure of events since the end of the previous annual reporting period that materially affect the entity. The guidance is not intended to significantly change interim reporting or expand or reduce interim disclosure requirements.  The ASU is effective for interim reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027.  Early adoption is permitted.  The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

11

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-12, “Codification Improvements”  Under the standard, the accounting guidance enhances the usability of the Codification by refining accounting guidance and streamlining its application through technical corrections, making standards more consistent and easier to interpret for preparers and users.   The ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026.  The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 2– INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are summarized as follows:

Allowance

 

Gross

Gross

Amortized

for Credit

 

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

  ​ ​ ​

Cost

  ​ ​ ​

(Losses)

 

Gains

  ​ ​ ​

(Losses)

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

(dollars in thousands)

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

 

  ​

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

Securities HTM:

 

  ​

 

  ​

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

Municipal securities

$

920,855

$

(272)

$

16,342

$

(129,073)

$

807,852

Corporate securities

30,293

(9)

1,556

31,840

Other securities

 

1,050

 

(1)

 

 

(1)

 

1,048

$

952,198

$

(282)

$

17,898

$

(129,074)

$

840,740

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities

$

16,847

$

$

3

$

(1,791)

$

15,059

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

90,911

 

 

110

 

(4,799)

 

86,222

Municipal securities

 

203,399

 

 

 

(43,152)

 

160,247

Asset-backed securities

3,985

91

4,076

Corporate securities

 

25,073

 

 

112

 

(683)

 

24,502

$

340,215

$

$

316

$

(50,425)

$

290,106

Allowance

Gross

Gross

Amortized

for Credit

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

  ​ ​ ​

Cost

(Losses)

Gains

  ​ ​ ​

(Losses)

Value

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

  ​

  ​

 

  ​

 

Securities HTM:

 

  ​

 

  ​

  ​

 

  ​

 

Municipal securities

$

918,189

$

(272)

$

23,402

$

(117,074)

$

824,245

Corporate securities

29,719

(9)

2,660

32,370

Other securities

 

1,050

 

(1)

 

 

(1)

 

1,048

$

948,958

$

(282)

$

26,062

$

(117,075)

$

857,663

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities

$

17,775

$

$

4

$

(1,755)

$

16,024

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

72,951

 

 

151

 

(4,247)

 

68,855

Municipal securities

 

203,613

 

 

27

 

(40,555)

 

163,085

Asset-backed securities

4,345

94

4,439

Corporate securities

 

28,068

 

 

148

 

(842)

 

27,374

$

326,752

$

$

424

$

(47,399)

$

279,777

The Company's HTM municipal securities consist largely of private issues of municipal debt. The large majority of the municipalities are located within the Midwest. The municipal debt investments are underwritten using specific guidelines with ongoing monitoring.

The Company's residential mortgage-backed and related securities portfolio consists entirely of government sponsored or government guaranteed securities. The Company has not invested in private mortgage-backed securities or pooled trust preferred securities.

12

Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, are summarized in the tables below. Securities AFS, for which an allowance for credit losses has been provided, are not included in these disclosures as there are no unrealized losses remaining after consideration of the ACL.

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

(dollars in thousands)

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities HTM:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Municipal securities

$

142,185

$

(33,906)

$

371,871

$

(95,167)

$

514,056

$

(129,073)

Other securities

549

(1)

549

(1)

$

142,734

$

(33,907)

$

371,871

$

(95,167)

$

514,605

$

(129,074)

 

  ​

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities

$

1,045

$

$

13,501

$

(1,791)

$

14,546

$

(1,791)

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

36,410

 

(1,075)

 

31,264

 

(3,724)

 

67,674

 

(4,799)

Municipal securities

 

3,883

 

(32)

 

156,364

 

(43,120)

 

160,247

 

(43,152)

Corporate securities

 

1,656

 

(23)

 

16,282

 

(660)

 

17,938

 

(683)

$

42,994

$

(1,130)

$

217,411

$

(49,295)

$

260,405

$

(50,425)

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities HTM:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Municipal securities

$

88,718

$

(52,445)

$

316,672

$

(64,629)

$

405,390

$

(117,074)

Other securities

 

549

(1)

549

(1)

$

89,267

$

(52,446)

$

316,672

$

(64,629)

$

405,939

$

(117,075)

  ​

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities

$

48

$

(1)

$

13,663

$

(1,754)

$

13,711

$

(1,755)

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

16,167

 

(592)

 

32,137

 

(3,655)

 

48,304

 

(4,247)

Municipal securities

 

636

 

(9)

 

159,146

 

(40,546)

 

159,782

 

(40,555)

Corporate securities

1,491

 

(25)

 

18,802

 

(817)

 

20,293

 

(842)

$

18,342

$

(627)

$

223,748

$

(46,772)

$

242,090

$

(47,399)

As of March 31, 2026, the investment portfolio included 669 securities. Of this number, 539 securities were in an unrealized loss position. The aggregate losses of these securities totaled approximately 13.9% of the total amortized cost of the portfolio. Of these 539 securities, there were 463 securities that were in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. Management has concluded unrealized losses as of March 31, 2026 were temporary due to the changing interest rate environment.  

There was no allowance for credit losses for available for sale securities for each of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for held to maturity securities by major security type for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Securities HTM

Securities HTM

Municipal

Corporate

Other

Municipal

Corporate

Other

  ​ ​ ​

securities

  ​ ​ ​

securities

securities

  ​ ​ ​

Total

securities

securities

securities

Total

 

(dollars in thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Beginning balance

$

272

$

9

$

1

$

282

$

254

$

8

$

1

$

263

Reduction due to sales

Provision

Balance, ending

$

272

$

9

$

1

$

282

$

254

$

8

$

1

$

263

Trading securities had a fair value of $82.7 million as of March 31, 2026 and $83.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and consisted of retained beneficial interests acquired in conjunction with Freddie Mac securitizations completed by the Company in prior years. The change in fair value on trading securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was a net loss of $852 thousand and $809 thousand, respectively. See also Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details of these securitizations.

There were no transfers of securities between classifications during either the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

13

There were no sales of securities during either the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2026 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities of residential mortgage-backed and related securities and asset-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because the residential mortgages underlying the securities may be prepaid without any penalties. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following table:

  ​ ​ ​

Amortized Cost

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

(dollars in thousands)

Securities HTM:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Due in one year or less

$

389

$

390

Due after one year through five years

 

42,078

 

41,754

Due after five years

 

909,731

 

798,596

$

952,198

$

840,740

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Due in one year or less

$

1,425

$

1,423

Due after one year through five years

 

14,926

 

14,515

Due after five years

 

228,968

 

183,870

245,319

199,808

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

90,911

86,222

Asset-backed securities

 

3,985

 

4,076

$

340,215

$

290,106

Portions of the U.S. government sponsored agency securities and municipal securities contain call options, which, at the discretion of the issuer, terminate the security at par and at predetermined dates prior to the stated maturity, summarized as follows as of March 31, 2026:

  ​ ​ ​

Amortized Cost

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

(dollars in thousands)

Securities HTM:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Municipal securities

$

199,530

$

193,023

Corporate securities

30,293

31,840

$

229,823

$

224,863

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Municipal securities

$

202,876

$

159,734

Corporate securities

 

24,103

 

23,517

$

226,979

$

183,251

As of March 31, 2026, the Company's municipal securities portfolios were comprised of general obligation bonds issued by 80 issuers with fair values totaling $104.1 million and revenue bonds, issued by 161 issuers, primarily consisting of states, counties, towns, villages and school districts with fair values totaling $863.2 million. The Company also held investments in general obligation bonds in 18 states, including 9 states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million, and in revenue bonds in 31 states, including 14 states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company's municipal securities portfolios were comprised of general obligation bonds issued by 80 issuers with fair values totaling $106.8 million and revenue bonds, issued by 164 issuers, primarily consisting of states, counties, towns, villages and school districts with fair values totaling $879.6 million. The Company held investments in general obligation bonds in 18 states, including nine states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million, and in revenue bonds in 31 states, including 14 states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million.

The Company monitors the investments and concentration closely. Both general obligation and revenue bonds are diversified across many issuers. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company did not hold general obligation bonds of any single issuer, that in aggregate exceed 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity. Of the general obligation and revenue bonds in the Company's portfolio, the majority are unrated bonds that represent private issuances. All unrated bonds were underwritten according to the Company’s loan underwriting standards and have an average loan

14

risk rating of 2, indicating very high quality. Additionally, many of these bonds are funding essential municipal services such as water, sewer, education, and medical facilities.

The Company's municipal securities are owned by its four subsidiary banks, whose investment policies set forth limits for various subcategories within the municipal securities portfolio. The investments of each charter are monitored individually, and as of March 31, 2026, all were within policy limitations approved by the Company’s board of directors. Policy limits are calculated as a percentage of each charter's total risk-based capital.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company's standard monitoring of its municipal securities portfolio had not uncovered any facts or circumstances resulting in significantly different credit ratings than those assigned by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or in the case of unrated bonds, the rating assigned using the credit underwriting standards.

The following table summarizes the fair value of investment securities pledged and held under derivatives, public deposits, short-term borrowings and other borrowings as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Derivatives:

U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities

$

11,210

$

11,268

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

36,316

36,565

Municipal securities

 

138,695

 

142,065

186,221

189,898

Public deposits:

U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities

1,274

1,338

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

1,905

 

1,985

3,179

3,323

Other borrowings:

Municipal securities*

 

157,363

 

161,329

157,363

161,329

Total investments pledged:

U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities

12,484

12,606

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

38,221

38,550

Municipal securities

 

296,058

 

303,394

$

346,763

$

354,550

* Municipal securities with an amortized cost of $175.8 million and $176.6 million were pledged on secured borrowings as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

15

NOTE 3 – LOANS/LEASES RECEIVABLE

The composition of the loan/lease portfolio as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is presented as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

C&I:

C&I - revolving

$

376,284

$

384,656

C&I - other */**

1,296,273

1,318,866

1,672,557

1,703,522

 

  ​

 

  ​

CRE - owner occupied

 

588,098

 

577,352

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

1,000,673

1,036,655

Construction and land development**

 

1,301,630

 

1,308,422

Multi-family**

1,937,922

1,769,331

Direct financing leases***

 

7,947

 

9,533

1-4 family real estate****

618,973

603,683

Consumer

 

157,700

 

158,457

 

7,285,500

 

7,166,955

Allowance for credit losses

 

(85,459)

 

(90,127)

$

7,200,041

$

7,076,828

Direct financing leases:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Net minimum lease payments to be received

$

8,417

$

10,076

Estimated unguaranteed residual values of leased assets

 

95

 

165

Unearned lease/residual income

 

(565)

 

(708)

 

7,947

 

9,533

Less allowance for credit losses

 

(263)

 

(311)

$

7,684

$

9,222

*      Includes equipment financing agreements outstanding through m2, totaling $152.9 million and $178.1 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

**

As of March 31, 2026, there were LIHTC multi-family loans held for sale in preparation for securitization totaling $315.6 million and C&I – other loans and construction loans totaling $129.6 million and $77.7 million, respectively, held for sale in preparation for a LIHTC loan sale.  There were no loans held for sale in preparation for securitization or LIHTC loan sales at December 31, 2025. All loans held for sale are performing and pass rated.

***   Management performs an evaluation of the estimated unguaranteed residual values of leased assets on an annual basis, at a minimum. The evaluation consists of discussions with reputable and current vendors, which is combined with management's expertise and understanding of the current states of particular industries to determine informal valuations of the equipment. As necessary and where available, management will utilize valuations by independent appraisers. The majority of leases with residual values contain a lease options rider, which requires the lessee to pay the residual value directly, finance the payment of the residual value, or extend the lease term to pay the residual value. In these cases, the residual value is protected and the risk of loss is minimal.

**** Includes residential real estate loans held for sale totaling $2.1 million and $1.4 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans, totaled $31.2 million and $32.8 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and was included in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

16

The aging of the loan/lease portfolio by classes of loans/leases as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is presented as follows and all loans held for sale are current:

As of March 31, 2026

 

Accruing Past

 

30-59 Days

60-89 Days

Due 90 Days or

Nonaccrual

 

Classes of Loans/Leases

  ​ ​ ​

Current

  ​ ​ ​

Past Due

  ​ ​ ​

Past Due

  ​ ​ ​

More

  ​ ​ ​

Loans/Leases

  ​ ​ ​

Total

 

(dollars in thousands)

C&I:

C&I - revolving

$

375,442

$

$

$

$

842

$

376,284

C&I - other

1,265,486

2,673

1,198

35

26,881

1,296,273

CRE - owner occupied

 

579,706

6,491

1,901

 

588,098

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

997,446

356

2,871

 

1,000,673

Construction and land development

1,283,647

13,865

4,118

1,301,630

Multi-family

 

1,928,981

6,608

2,333

 

1,937,922

Direct financing leases

 

7,895

52

 

7,947

1-4 family real estate

 

613,657

2,629

141

2,546

 

618,973

Consumer

 

157,295

117

9

279

 

157,700

$

7,209,555

$

18,874

$

15,213

$

35

$

41,823

$

7,285,500

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

As a percentage of total loan/lease portfolio

 

98.96

%  

 

0.26

%  

 

0.21

%  

 

0.00

%  

 

0.57

%  

 

100.00

%

As of December 31, 2025

 

Accruing Past

 

30-59 Days

60-89 Days

Due 90 Days or

Nonaccrual

 

Classes of Loans/Leases

  ​ ​ ​

Current

  ​ ​ ​

Past Due

  ​ ​ ​

Past Due

  ​ ​ ​

More

  ​ ​ ​

Loans/Leases

  ​ ​ ​

Total

 

(dollars in thousands)

C&I

C&I - revolving

$

363,820

$

19,972

$

$

$

864

$

384,656

C&I - other

 

1,284,558

3,755

1,915

3

28,635

1,318,866

CRE - owner occupied

 

575,669

1,277

406

 

577,352

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

1,033,991

2,664

 

1,036,655

Construction and land development

 

1,304,238

66

4,118

1,308,422

Multi-family

1,735,026

31,972

2,333

 

1,769,331

Direct financing leases

 

8,346

1,133

54

 

9,533

1-4 family real estate

 

597,924

2,760

192

82

2,725

 

603,683

Consumer

 

157,962

24

58

413

 

158,457

$

7,061,534

$

60,893

$

2,231

$

85

$

42,212

$

7,166,955

As a percentage of total loan/lease portfolio

 

98.53

%  

 

0.85

%  

 

0.03

%  

 

0.00

%  

 

0.59

%  

 

100.00

%

NPLs by classes of loans/leases as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are presented as follows and all loans held for sale are performing and not included in this table:

As of March 31, 2026

Accruing Past

Nonaccrual

Nonaccrual

Due 90 Days or

Loans/Leases

Loans/Leases

Percentage of

Classes of Loans/Leases

  ​ ​ ​

More

  ​ ​ ​

with an ACL

  ​ ​ ​

without an ACL

  ​ ​ ​

Total NPLs

  ​ ​ ​

Total NPLs

 

 

(dollars in thousands)

C&I:

 

C&I - revolving

$

$

$

842

$

842

 

2

%

C&I - other

35

18,170

8,711

26,916

64

CRE - owner occupied

 

622

1,279

1,901

 

5

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

2,871

2,871

 

7

Construction and land development

4,118

4,118

10

Multi-family

 

2,333

2,333

 

5

Direct financing leases

 

52

52

 

-

1-4 family real estate

 

2,199

347

2,546

 

6

Consumer

 

279

279

 

1

$

35

$

30,644

$

11,179

$

41,858

 

100

%

17

As of December 31, 2025

 

Accruing Past

Nonaccrual

Nonaccrual

 

Due 90 Days or

Loans/Leases

Loans/Leases

Percentage of

 

Classes of Loans/Leases

  ​ ​ ​

More

  ​ ​ ​

with an ACL

  ​ ​ ​

without an ACL

  ​ ​ ​

Total NPLs

  ​ ​ ​

Total NPLs

 

 

(dollars in thousands)

C&I:

C&I - revolving

$

$

$

864

$

864

 

2

%

C&I - other

3

19,678

8,957

28,638

68

CRE - owner occupied

 

 

406

 

 

406

 

1

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

 

2,664

 

 

2,664

 

6

Construction and land development

 

 

4,118

 

 

4,118

 

10

Multi-family

 

 

2,333

 

 

2,333

 

5

Direct financing leases

 

 

54

 

 

54

 

0

1-4 family real estate

 

82

 

2,409

 

316

 

2,807

 

7

Consumer

 

 

413

 

 

413

 

1

$

85

$

32,075

$

10,137

$

42,297

100

%

The Company did not recognize any interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

CRE

CRE

Construction

1-4

  ​ ​ ​

C&I -

C&I -

Owner

Non-Owner

and Land

Multi-

Family

 

Revolving

Other*

Occupied

Occupied

Development

Family

Real Estate

  ​ ​ ​

Consumer

  ​ ​ ​

Total

(dollars in thousands)

Balance, beginning

$

3,747

$

27,684

$

6,324

$

11,457

$

15,397

$

18,860

$

4,986

$

1,672

$

90,127

Change in ACL for the transfer of loans to LHFS

(3,450)

(3,450)

Provision

 

(57)

(681)

108

 

268

18

2,498

438

96

 

2,688

Charge-offs

 

(3)

(4,401)

 

(9)

(34)

 

(4,447)

Recoveries

 

39

405

87

 

10

 

541

Balance, ending

$

3,726

$

23,007

$

6,519

$

11,725

$

15,415

$

17,908

$

5,415

$

1,744

$

85,459

*   Included within the C&I – Other column are ACL on leases with a beginning balance of $311 thousand, negative provision of $274 thousand, no charge-offs and recoveries of $226 thousand. ACL on leases was $263 thousand as of March 31, 2026.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

CRE

CRE

Construction

1-4

  ​ ​ ​

C&I -

C&I -

Owner

Non-Owner

and Land

Multi-

Family

Revolving

Other*

Occupied

Occupied

Development

Family

Real Estate

Consumer

  ​ ​ ​

Total

  ​ ​ ​

(dollars in thousands)

Balance, beginning

$

3,856

$

34,002

$

7,147

$

11,137

$

15,099

$

12,173

$

4,934

$

1,493

$

89,841

Provision

96

2,099

(6)

(76)

1,602

795

187

46

 

4,743

Charge-offs

 

 

(4,878)

 

 

 

 

 

(26)

 

(40)

 

(4,944)

Recoveries

 

 

622

 

 

 

59

 

 

 

33

 

714

Balance, ending

$

3,952

$

31,845

$

7,141

$

11,061

$

16,760

$

12,968

$

5,095

$

1,532

$

90,354

*    Included within the C&I – Other column are ACL on leases with a beginning balance of $580 thousand, provision of $87 thousand, charge-offs of $191 thousand and recoveries of $9 thousand. ACL on leases was $485 thousand as of March 31, 2025.

18

The composition of the ACL on loans/leases held for investment by portfolio segment based on evaluation method as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are as follows:

As of March 31, 2026

Amortized Cost of Loans Receivable

Allowance for Credit Losses

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

Evaluated for

Evaluated for

Evaluated for

Evaluated for

  ​ ​ ​

Credit Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Credit Losses

Total

Credit Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Credit Losses

Total

(dollars in thousands)

C&I :

C&I - revolving

$

3,998

$

372,286

$

376,284

$

23

$

3,703

$

3,726

C&I - other*

 

30,388

1,144,272

 

1,174,660

 

7,523

 

15,484

 

23,007

 

34,386

 

1,516,558

 

1,550,944

 

7,546

 

19,187

 

26,733

CRE - owner occupied

 

25,101

 

562,997

 

588,098

 

1,409

 

5,110

 

6,519

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

3,620

 

997,053

 

1,000,673

 

1,703

 

10,022

 

11,725

Construction and land development

 

4,484

 

1,219,467

 

1,223,951

 

1,663

 

13,752

 

15,415

Multi-family

4,607

1,617,687

1,622,294

767

17,141

17,908

1-4 family real estate

 

3,060

 

613,849

 

616,909

 

269

 

5,146

 

5,415

Consumer

 

319

 

157,381

 

157,700

 

39

 

1,705

 

1,744

$

75,577

$

6,684,992

$

6,760,569

$

13,396

$

72,063

$

85,459

*   Included within the C&I – other category are leases individually evaluated of $52 thousand with a related allowance for credit losses of $15 thousand and leases collectively evaluated of $7.9 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $248 thousand as of March 31, 2026.

As of December 31, 2025

Amortized Cost of Loans Receivable

Allowance for Credit Losses

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

Evaluated for

Evaluated for

Evaluated for

Evaluated for

  ​ ​ ​

Credit Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Credit Losses

Total

Credit Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Credit Losses

Total

(dollars in thousands)

C&I :

C&I - revolving

$

5,726

$

378,930

$

384,656

$

39

$

3,708

$

3,747

C&I - other*

 

30,579

1,297,820

 

1,328,399

 

6,566

 

21,118

 

27,684

 

36,305

 

1,676,750

 

1,713,055

 

6,605

 

24,826

 

31,431

CRE - owner occupied

 

23,711

 

553,641

 

577,352

 

1,464

 

4,860

 

6,324

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

3,419

 

1,033,236

 

1,036,655

 

1,642

 

9,815

 

11,457

Construction and land development

 

4,485

 

1,303,937

 

1,308,422

 

1,664

 

13,733

 

15,397

Multi-family

4,619

1,764,712

1,769,331

429

18,431

18,860

1-4 family real estate

 

1,966

 

600,288

 

602,254

 

300

 

4,686

 

4,986

Consumer

 

454

 

158,003

 

158,457

 

50

 

1,622

 

1,672

$

74,959

$

7,090,567

$

7,165,526

$

12,154

$

77,973

$

90,127

*   Included within the C&I – other category are leases individually evaluated of $54 thousand with a related allowance for credit losses of $16 thousand and leases collectively evaluated of $9.5 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $295 thousand as of December 31, 2025.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

As of March 31, 2026

Non

Commercial

Owner-occupied

Owner-Occupied

Owner Occupied

  ​ ​ ​

Assets

  ​ ​ ​

CRE

  ​ ​ ​

Real Estate

Real Estate

Securities

Equipment

Other

Total

(dollars in thousands)

C & I:

C&I - revolving

$

3,913

$

$

85

$

$

$

$

$

3,998

C&I - other*

 

8,439

 

244

 

150

 

 

4,760

 

7,008

 

9,787

 

30,388

 

12,352

 

244

 

235

 

 

4,760

 

7,008

 

9,787

 

34,386

CRE - owner occupied

 

 

24,460

 

 

641

 

 

 

 

25,101

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

 

 

3,620

 

 

 

 

 

3,620

Construction and land development

 

 

 

4,484

 

 

 

 

 

4,484

Multi-family

4,607

4,607

1-4 family real estate

 

 

 

384

 

2,676

 

 

 

 

3,060

Consumer

 

 

 

 

286

 

 

 

33

 

319

$

12,352

$

24,704

$

13,330

$

3,603

$

4,760

$

7,008

$

9,820

$

75,577

*   Included within the C&I – other category are leases individually evaluated of $52 thousand with primary collateral of equipment.

19

As of December 31, 2025

Non

Commercial

Owner-occupied

Owner-Occupied

Owner Occupied

  ​ ​ ​

Assets

  ​ ​ ​

CRE

  ​ ​ ​

Real Estate

Real Estate

Securities

Equipment

Other

Total

(dollars in thousands)

C & I:

C&I - revolving

$

5,487

$

$

239

$

$

$

$

$

5,726

C&I - other*

 

7,001

 

 

 

 

4,760

 

7,610

 

11,208

 

30,579

 

12,488

 

 

239

 

 

4,760

 

7,610

 

11,208

 

36,305

CRE - owner occupied

 

 

23,065

 

 

646

 

 

 

 

23,711

CRE - non-owner occupied

 

 

 

3,419

 

 

 

 

 

3,419

Construction and land development

 

 

 

4,485

 

 

 

 

 

4,485

Multi-family

4,619

4,619

1-4 family real estate

 

 

 

37

 

3,358

 

 

 

 

3,395

Consumer

 

 

 

 

444

 

 

 

10

 

454

$

12,488

$

23,065

$

12,799

$

4,448

$

4,760

$

7,610

$

11,218

$

76,388

*   Included within the C&I – other category are leases individually evaluated of $54 thousand with primary collateral of equipment.

For all loans except direct financing leases and equipment financing agreements, the Company’s credit quality indicator consists of internally assigned risk ratings.  Each such loan is assigned a risk rating upon origination. The risk rating is reviewed every 15 months, at a minimum, and on an as-needed basis depending on the specific circumstances of the loan.

For certain C&I loans (including equipment financing agreements and direct financing leases), the Company’s credit quality indicator is performance determined by delinquency status.  Delinquency status is updated daily by the Company’s loan system.

20

The following tables show the credit quality indicator of loans by class of receivable and year of origination as of March 31, 2026, and all loans held for sale are included in the pass rated line:

As of March 31, 2026

Term Loans

 

Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

 

Revolving

Loans

Internally Assigned

Amortized

Risk Rating

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

Prior

Cost Basis

Total

(dollars in thousands)

C&I - revolving

Pass

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

344,559

$

344,559

Special Mention

 

27,727

 

27,727

Substandard

 

3,998

 

3,998

Doubtful

 

 

Total C&I - revolving

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

376,284

$

376,284

C&I - other

Pass

$

94,170

$

269,886

$

144,709

$

303,050

$

118,978

$

175,815

$

$

1,106,608

Special Mention

 

5,063

4,322

1,726

124

573

2,551

 

14,359

Substandard

 

1,678

5,537

8,983

358

793

5,029

 

22,378

Doubtful

 

 

Total C&I - other

$

100,911

$

279,745

$

155,418

$

303,532

$

120,344

$

183,395

$

$

1,143,345

CRE - owner occupied

Pass

$

39,105

$

110,688

$

54,485

$

77,755

$

78,831

$

179,507

$

10,162

$

550,533

Special Mention

 

5,213

1,214

21

1,959

7,857

 

16,264

Substandard

 

1,443

98

2,104

17,656

 

21,301

Doubtful

 

 

Total CRE - owner occupied

$

44,318

$

113,345

$

54,485

$

77,874

$

82,894

$

205,020

$

10,162

$

588,098

CRE - non-owner occupied

Pass

$

49,389

$

243,711

$

125,989

$

121,612

$

201,947

$

192,349

$

43,941

$

978,938

Special Mention

 

6,422

34

1,000

10,448

211

 

18,115

Substandard

 

77

2,871

316

356

 

3,620

Doubtful

 

 

Total CRE - non-owner occupied

$

55,811

$

243,822

$

126,989

$

124,483

$

212,711

$

192,916

$

43,941

$

1,000,673

Construction and land development

Pass

$

85,227

$

389,602

$

378,276

$

331,202

$

63,663

$

8,065

$

41,296

$

1,297,331

Special Mention

 

21

69

 

90

Substandard

 

4,118

91

 

4,209

Doubtful

 

 

Total Construction and land development

$

85,227

$

389,602

$

382,415

$

331,293

$

63,663

$

8,134

$

41,296

$

1,301,630

Multi-family

Pass

$

76,405

$

489,394

$

167,145

$

239,870

$

376,445

$

578,319

$

1,555

$

1,929,133

Special Mention

 

4,182

 

4,182

Substandard

 

2,265

2,333

9

 

4,607

Doubtful

 

 

Total Multi-family

$

78,670

$

491,727

$

167,145

$

239,870

$

380,627

$

578,328

$

1,555

$

1,937,922

1-4 family real estate

Pass

$

61,371

$

114,183

$

84,492

$

83,451

$

69,190

$

195,290

$

5,918

$

613,895

Special Mention

 

48

1,493

477

 

2,018

Substandard

 

268

623

298

1,844

27

 

3,060

Doubtful

 

 

Total 1-4 family real estate

$

61,419

$

115,676

$

84,760

$

84,074

$

69,488

$

197,611

$

5,945

$

618,973

Consumer

Pass

$

5,784

$

11,741

$

3,603

$

3,624

$

2,324

$

1,635

$

128,607

$

157,318

Special Mention

 

64

 

64

Substandard

 

20

74

167

57

 

318

Doubtful

 

 

Total Consumer

$

5,784

$

11,741

$

3,623

$

3,698

$

2,491

$

1,635

$

128,728

$

157,700

Total

$

432,140

$

1,645,658

$

974,835

$

1,164,824

$

932,218

$

1,367,039

$

607,911

$

7,124,625

21

As of March 31, 2026

Term Loans

 

Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Revolving

Loans

Amortized

Delinquency Status *

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

  ​ ​ ​

Prior

Cost Basis

Total

 

(dollars in thousands)

C&I - other

Performing

$

432

$

$

67,842

$

51,614

$

22,071

$

4,298

$

$

146,257

Nonperforming

 

1,076

3,148

1,797

650

 

 

6,671

Total C&I - other

$

432

$

$

68,918

$

54,762

$

23,868

$

4,948

$

$

152,928

Direct financing leases

Performing

$

$

(310)

$

925

$

4,341

$

2,515

$

424

$

$

7,895

Nonperforming

 

41

11

 

 

52

Total Direct financing leases

$

$

(310)

$

925

$

4,341

$

2,556

$

435

$

$

7,947

Total

$

432

$

(310)

$

69,843

$

59,103

$

26,424

$

5,383

$

$

160,875

* Performing = loans/leases accruing and less than 90 days past due. Nonperforming = loans/leases on nonaccrual and accruing loans/leases that are greater than or equal to 90 days past due.

22

The following tables show the credit quality indicator of loans by class of receivable and year of origination as of December 31, 2025, and all loans held for sale are included in the pass rated line:

As of December 31, 2025

Term Loans

Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Revolving

Loans

Internally Assigned

Amortized

Risk Rating

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

  ​ ​ ​

2021

Prior

Cost Basis

Total

(dollars in thousands)

C&I - revolving

Pass

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

352,945

$

352,945

Special Mention

 

25,985

 

25,985

Substandard

 

5,726

 

5,726

Doubtful

 

 

Total C&I - revolving

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

384,656

$

384,656

C&I - other

Pass

$

300,721

$

171,903

$

288,321

$

144,943

$

61,157

$

137,083

$

$

1,104,128

Special Mention

 

6,659

1,881

351

1,552

2,285

1,385

 

14,113

Substandard

 

5,520

11,195

126

755

84

4,838

 

22,518

Doubtful

 

 

Total C&I - other

$

312,900

$

184,979

$

288,798

$

147,250

$

63,526

$

143,306

$

$

1,140,759

CRE - owner occupied

Pass

$

109,608

$

55,117

$

80,181

$

81,512

$

91,330

$

110,939

$

11,091

$

539,778

Special Mention

 

22

7,523

8,280

1,864

 

17,689

Substandard

 

1,222

111

825

696

17,031

 

19,885

Doubtful

 

 

Total CRE - owner occupied

$

110,830

$

55,117

$

80,314

$

89,860

$

100,306

$

129,834

$

11,091

$

577,352

CRE - non-owner occupied

Pass

$

281,076

$

126,112

$

152,953

$

210,062

$

129,932

$

75,744

$

42,996

$

1,018,875

Special Mention

 

5,173

1,006

201

5,380

2,387

214

 

14,361

Substandard

 

78

2,664

319

358

 

3,419

Doubtful

 

 

Total CRE - non-owner occupied

$

286,327

$

127,118

$

155,818

$

215,761

$

132,319

$

76,316

$

42,996

$

1,036,655

Construction and land development

Pass

$

365,346

$

409,811

$

350,290

$

95,684

$

44,865

$

255

$

37,801

$

1,304,052

Special Mention

 

90

70

 

160

Substandard

 

4,118

92

 

4,210

Doubtful

 

 

Total Construction and land development

$

365,346

$

414,019

$

350,382

$

95,684

$

44,935

$

255

$

37,801

$

1,308,422

Multi-family

Pass

$

500,378

$

145,022

$

225,730

$

350,851

$

187,331

$

355,047

$

354

$

1,764,713

Special Mention

 

 

Substandard

 

2,333

12

2,273

 

4,618

Doubtful

 

 

Total Multi-family

$

502,711

$

145,022

$

225,730

$

350,851

$

187,343

$

357,320

$

354

$

1,769,331

1-4 family real estate

Pass

$

135,947

$

90,638

$

88,216

$

70,462

$

96,075

$

110,623

$

6,017

$

597,978

Special Mention

 

1,507

354

526

6

 

2,393

Substandard

 

286

281

617

636

1,492

 

3,312

Doubtful

 

 

Total 1-4 family real estate

$

137,454

$

90,924

$

88,851

$

71,079

$

97,237

$

112,121

$

6,017

$

603,683

Consumer

Pass

$

15,483

$

4,161

$

3,964

$

2,870

$

698

$

1,426

$

129,337

$

157,939

Special Mention

 

64

 

64

Substandard

 

220

174

60

 

454

Doubtful

 

 

Total Consumer

$

15,483

$

4,161

$

4,184

$

3,044

$

698

$

1,426

$

129,461

$

158,457

Total

$

1,731,051

$

1,021,340

$

1,194,077

$

973,529

$

626,364

$

820,578

$

612,376

$

6,979,315

23

As of December 31, 2025

Term Loans

 

Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Revolving

Loans

Amortized

Delinquency Status *

  ​ ​ ​

2025

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

  ​ ​ ​

2021

  ​ ​ ​

Prior

  ​ ​ ​

Cost Basis

  ​ ​ ​

Total

 

(dollars in thousands)

C&I - other

Performing

$

1,001

$

74,605

$

60,869

$

27,697

$

5,885

$

628

$

$

170,685

Nonperforming

 

1,135

 

3,308

2,161

 

764

 

54

 

 

7,422

Total C&I - other

$

1,001

$

75,740

$

64,177

$

29,858

$

6,649

$

682

$

$

178,107

Direct financing leases

Performing

$

203

$

665

$

4,883

$

3,043

$

557

$

128

$

$

9,479

Nonperforming

 

 

49

 

5

 

 

 

54

Total Direct financing leases

$

203

$

665

$

4,883

$

3,092

$

562

$

128

$

$

9,533

Total

$

1,204

$

76,405

$

69,060

$

32,950

$

7,211

$

810

$

$

187,640

* Performing = loans/leases accruing and less than 90 days past due. Nonperforming = loans/leases on nonaccrual and accruing loans/leases that are greater than or equal to 90 days past due.

The following table shows the gross charge-offs of loans and leases by class of receivable and year of origination for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Gross Charge-off by Origination Year

Gross Charge-off by Origination Year

Classes of Loans/Leases

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

Prior

Total

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

  ​ ​ ​

2021

Prior

Total

(dollars in thousands)

(dollars in thousands)

C&I:

C&I - revolving

$

3

$

$

$

$

$

$

3

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

C&I - other

23

2,454

1,212

602

110

4,401

1,357

1,240

1,664

316

110

4,687

CRE - owner occupied

CRE - non-owner occupied

Construction and land development

Multi-family

Direct financing leases

136

39

10

6

191

1-4 family real estate

9

9

3

23

26

Consumer

16

18

34

40

40

$

26

$

$

2,470

$

1,230

$

602

$

119

$

4,447

$

$

1,496

$

1,319

$

1,697

$

316

$

116

$

4,944

There were no loan and lease modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2026. Any loan and lease modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during 2025 were deemed immaterial.

Changes in the ACL for OBS exposures for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are presented as follows:

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

Balance, beginning

$

7,138

$

8,273

Provisions (credited) to expense

 

(234)

 

(509)

Balance, ending

$

6,904

$

7,764

24

NOTE 4 – SECURITIZATIONS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

In prior years, the Company completed four Freddie Mac sponsored securitizations. The Company retained beneficial interests from each securitization which are classified as trading securities on the consolidated balance sheets. Details related to the securitizations and related VIEs can be found in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8 of Part I of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

In August 2025, the Company securitized $200.3 million of HTM municipal securities. The securitization was comprised of Class A Certificates of $134.2 million and Class B Certificates of $66.1 million. The Class A Certificates were sold to third-party investors, and the Class B Certificates were retained by the Company. The Class B Certificates provide the first loss support and are subordinate to the Class A Certificates. In order to execute this transaction, the Company created a new bankruptcy-remote special purpose entity (a “Sponsor SPE”), through which the transaction was executed, and which is consolidated by the Company. Based on the structure of the transaction, the Company retains effective control of the HTM municipal securities and accounts for the transaction as a secured borrowing. The full amount of HTM municipal securities remain on the balance sheet denoted as collateralizing the borrowing and the Class A Certificates sold to third-party investors are accounted for as a secured term borrowing and classified with other borrowings on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. No separate securitization SPE or other financing entity was created for this transaction, rather, a governmental entity securitized the securities and issued the certificates.

Evaluation and assessment of VIEs for consolidation is performed on an ongoing basis by management. Any changes in facts and circumstances occurring since the previous primary beneficiary determination will be considered as part of this ongoing assessment.

The Company’s total assets related to the consolidated sponsor VIEs related to securitizations to date as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were $82.7 million and $83.9 million, respectively, which are included in trading securities on the consolidated balance sheets and there were no liabilities recorded. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss associated with the consolidated securitization VIEs consists of the capital invested plus any unfunded equity commitments that are binding. As of March 31, 2026, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to the VIEs was $85.5 million.

NOTE 5 – DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Effective January 1, 2026, the Company elected to apply the master netting provisions under ASC 210-20 and ASC 815.  See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding this election.

Derivatives are summarized as follows as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

Fair Value

Fair Value

Notional or Contractual Amount

Derivative Assets

Derivative Liabilities

Notional or Contractual Amount

Derivative Assets

Derivative Liabilities

(dollars in thousands)

Hedged derivatives

Cash flow hedges

Interest rate swaps

$

39,000

$

752

$

19,864

$

49,310

$

576

$

20,169

Interest rate collars

150,000

7

150,000

144

Fair value hedges

Interest rate swaps

250,000

940

310,000

2,186

$

439,000

759

20,804

$

509,310

$

576

$

22,499

Unhedged derivatives

Swaptions

$

86,151

$

6

$

$

203,600

$

22

$

Interest rate swaps

 

6,169,719

 

213,015

 

213,015

 

5,954,979

 

191,828

 

191,828

$

6,255,870

$

213,021

$

213,015

$

6,158,579

$

191,850

$

191,828

Total derivatives, gross

$

213,780

$

233,819

$

192,426

$

214,327

Netting adjustments

(3,944)

(3,944)

(4,017)

(4,017)

Cash collateral

(80,039)

(73,259)

Total derivatives, net

$

209,836

$

149,836

$

188,409

$

137,051

The Company uses interest rate swap, collar and swaption instruments to manage interest rate risk related to the variability of interest payments due to changes in interest rates.

25

Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges, to the extent that they are included in the assessment of effectiveness, are recorded as a component of AOCI.  Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments accounted for as fair value hedges, to the extent that they are included in the assessment of effectiveness, are recorded as a component of interest income/expense.

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to hedge against the risk of rising rates on one of its variable rate subordinated notes and its variable rate trust preferred securities. All of the interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815.  The details of the interest rate swaps are as follows:

Balance Sheet

Notional

Fair Value as of

Hedged Item

Effective Date

Maturity Date

Location

Amount

Receive Rate

Pay Rate

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

QCR Holdings Statutory Trust V

 

7/7/2018

7/7/2028

Derivatives - Assets

 

$

10,000

5.48

%  

 

4.54

%  

$

185

$

140

Community National Statutory Trust III

 

9/15/2018

9/15/2028

Derivatives - Assets

 

3,500

5.69

%  

 

4.75

%  

87

64

Guaranty Bankshares Statutory Trust I

 

9/15/2018

9/15/2028

Derivatives - Assets

4,500

5.69

%

4.75

%

68

50

Community National Statutory Trust II

 

9/20/2018

9/20/2028

Derivatives - Assets

 

3,000

6.12

%  

 

5.17

%  

59

43

QCR Holdings Statutory Trust II

 

9/30/2018

9/30/2028

Derivatives - Assets

 

10,000

6.81

%  

 

5.85

%  

196

144

QCR Holdings Statutory Trust III

 

9/30/2018

9/30/2028

Derivatives - Assets

 

8,000

6.81

%  

 

5.85

%  

157

115

Guaranty Statutory Trust II

 

5/23/2019

2/23/2026*

Derivatives - Assets

 

10,310

N/A

%  

 

N/A

%  

N/A

20

QCR Holdings Subordinated Note

 

3/1/2024

2/15/2028

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

65,000

4.02

%  

 

4.02

%  

(516)

(1,020)

 

  ​

 

$

114,310

$

236

$

(444)

* Matured in first quarter of 2026.

The Company uses interest rate collars in an effort to manage future interest rate exposure on variable rate loans.  The collar hedging strategy stabilizes interest rate fluctuations by setting both a floor and a cap.  The collar is designated as a cash flow hedge in accordance with ASC 815. The details of the interest rate collar is as follows:

Fair Value as of

Hedged Item

Effective Date

Maturity Date

Location

Notional Amount

Cap Strike Rate

Floor Strike Rate

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Loans

 

10/1/2022

10/1/2026

Derivatives - Assets (Liabilities)

 

$

50,000

4.40

%  

 

2.44

%  

$

(1)

$

(1)

The Company has executed a derivative strategy more commonly known as a swaption.  The swaptions are designed to hedge the Company’s regulatory capital ratios against the adverse effects of a significant decline in long-term interest rates. The swaptions are designated as unhedged in accordance with ASC 815, therefore the change in fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized into current earnings.  An initial premium of $4.5 million was paid upfront for the swaptions. The details of the swaptions are as follows:

Fair Value as of

Effective Date

Maturity Date

Location

Notional Amount

Strike Rate

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

7/30/2024

1/29/2026*

Derivatives - Assets

$

20,750

2.63

%  

$

N/A

$

-

7/30/2024

1/29/2026*

Derivatives - Assets

41,700

2.13

%  

N/A

-

7/30/2024

1/30/2026*

Derivatives - Assets

36,546

2.14

%  

N/A

-

7/30/2024

1/30/2026*

Derivatives - Assets

18,453

2.64

%  

N/A

-

7/30/2024

7/30/2026

Derivatives - Assets

16,100

2.64

%  

2

8

7/30/2024

7/30/2026

Derivatives - Assets

29,800

2.14

%  

1

4

7/30/2024

7/30/2026

Derivatives - Assets

25,971

2.14

%  

1

3

7/30/2024

7/30/2026

Derivatives - Assets

14,280

2.64

%  

2

7

 

$

203,600

$

6

$

22

* Matured in first quarter of 2026.

26

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to hedge against the risk of declining interest rates on floating rate loans.    The interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815.  The details of the interest rate swaps are as follows:

Balance Sheet

Fair Value as of

Hedged Item

  ​

Effective Date

  ​

Maturity Date

  ​

Location

  ​

Notional Amount

 

 

Receive Rate

 

 

Pay Rate

 

March 31, 2026

  ​

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Loans

 

7/1/2021

7/1/2031

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

$

35,000

1.40

%  

 

3.77

%  

$

(3,864)

$

(3,798)

Loans

 

7/1/2021

7/1/2031

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

50,000

1.40

%  

 

3.77

%  

(5,520)

(5,425)

Loans

 

7/1/2021

7/1/2031

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

40,000

1.40

%  

 

3.77

%  

(4,424)

(4,348)

Loans

 

10/1/2022

7/1/2031

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

25,000

1.30

%  

 

3.77

%  

(2,780)

(2,734)

Loans

 

4/1/2022

4/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

15,000

1.91

%  

 

3.77

%  

(276)

(285)

Loans

 

4/1/2022

4/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

50,000

1.91

%  

 

3.77

%  

(920)

(948)

Loans

 

4/1/2022

4/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

35,000

1.91

%  

 

3.77

%  

(644)

(664)

Loans

4/1/2022

4/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

50,000

1.91

%

3.77

%

(920)

(947)

 

  ​

 

$

300,000

$

(19,348)

$

(19,149)

The Company uses interest rate collars in an effort to manage future interest rate exposure on variable rate deposits.  The collar hedging strategy stabilizes interest rate fluctuations by setting both a floor and a cap.  The collars are designated as a cash flow hedge in accordance with ASC 815. The details of the interest rate collars are as follows:

Balance Sheet

Fair Value as of

Hedged Item

Effective Date

Maturity Date

Location

Notional Amount

Cap Strike Rate

Floor Strike Rate

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Deposits

5/1/2025

11/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

$

50,000

4.40

%  

2.24

%  

$

10

$

(18)

Deposits

5/1/2025

5/1/2028

Derivatives - Liabilities

50,000

4.40

%  

2.34

%  

4

(53)

Deposits

5/1/2025

11/1/2028

Derivatives - Liabilities

50,000

4.40

%  

2.43

%  

(6)

(72)

$

150,000

$

8

$

(143)

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to hedge against the risk of rising rates on loans.  The interest rate swaps are designated as fair value hedges in accordance with ASC 815.  The details of the interest rate swaps are as follows:

Balance Sheet

Fair Value as of

Hedged Item

Effective Date

Maturity Date

Location

Notional Amount

Receive Rate

Pay Rate

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Loans

 

7/12/2023

2/1/2026*

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

$

25,000

4.21

%  

 

4.38

%  

$

N/A

$

(15)

Loans

 

7/12/2023

2/1/2026*

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

15,000

4.21

%  

 

4.38

%  

N/A

(9)

Loans

7/12/2023

2/1/2026*

Derivatives - Liabilities

20,000

4.21

%  

4.38

%  

N/A

(12)

Loans

 

7/12/2023

8/1/2026

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

30,000

4.21

%  

 

4.21

%  

(55)

(119)

Loans

 

7/12/2023

8/1/2026

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

15,000

4.21

%  

 

4.21

%  

(28)

(59)

Loans

7/12/2023

8/1/2026

Derivatives - Liabilities

20,000

4.21

%  

4.21

%  

(37)

(79)

Loans

 

7/12/2023

2/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

32,500

4.21

%  

 

4.08

%  

(115)

(251)

Loans

7/12/2023

2/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

15,000

4.21

%  

4.08

%  

(53)

(116)

Loans

7/12/2023

2/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

20,000

4.21

%  

4.08

%  

(71)

(154)

Loans

 

7/12/2023

8/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

32,500

4.21

%  

 

3.98

%  

(148)

(352)

Loans

7/12/2023

8/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

15,000

4.21

%  

3.98

%  

(68)

(162)

Loans

7/12/2023

8/1/2027

Derivatives - Liabilities

25,000

4.21

%  

3.98

%  

(113)

(271)

Loans

 

7/12/2023

2/1/2028

Derivatives - Liabilities

 

30,000

4.21

%  

 

3.90

%  

(169)

(391)

Loans

7/12/2023

2/1/2028

Derivatives - Liabilities

15,000

4.21

%  

3.90

%  

(83)

(196)

$

310,000

$

(940)

$

(2,186)

* Matured in first quarter of 2026.

The Company has also entered into interest rate swap contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivative contracts relate to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer while at the same time entering into an equal and offsetting interest rate swap with an upstream counterparty. Additionally, the Company receives an upfront, non-refundable fee from the upstream counterparty, dependent upon the pricing that is recognized upon receipt from the counterparty.  Because the Company acts as an intermediary for the customer, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts, for the most part, offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.

27

Interest rate swaps that were not designated as hedging instruments as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are summarized as follows:

As of March 31, 2026

As of December 31, 2025

Notional Amount

Estimated Fair Value

Notional Amount

Estimated Fair Value

(dollars in thousands)

Non-Hedging Interest Rate Derivatives Assets:

Interest rate swap contracts

$

6,169,719

$

213,015

$

5,954,979

$

191,828

Non-Hedging Interest Rate Derivatives Liabilities:

Interest rate swap contracts

$

6,169,719

$

213,015

$

5,954,979

$

191,828

The effect of cash flow hedging and fair value accounting on the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Interest and

Interest

Interest and

Interest

Dividend Income

Expense

Dividend Income

Expense

(dollars in thousands)

Income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of income

$

120,091

$

52,653

$

116,673

$

56,687

The effects of cash flow hedging:

Loss on interest rate caps and collars on deposits

-

-

-

(117)

Loss on interest rate swaps on debt

-

(113)

-

(209)

Loss on interest rate swaps and collars on loans

(1,732)

-

(2,083)

-

The effects of fair value hedging:

Gain (loss) on interest rate swaps on loans

(127)

-

170

-

The Company’s hedged interest rate swaps and non-hedged interest rate swaps are collateralized with cash and investment securities with carrying values as follows, as of the dates presented:

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Cash

$

84,081

$

81,131

U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities

11,210

11,268

Municipal securities

138,695

142,065

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

36,316

 

36,565

$

270,302

$

271,029

The Company may be exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to its interest rate derivative agreements.  The Company assesses the credit risk of its financial institution counterparties by monitoring publicly available credit ratings and financial information.  Additionally, the Company manages financial institution counterparty credit risk by entering into interest rate derivatives only with primary and highly rated counterparties, and uses ISDA master agreements, central clearing mechanisms and counterparty limits.  The agreements contain bilateral collateral agreements with the amount of collateral to be posted generally governed by the settlement value of outstanding swaps. The Company manages the risk of default by its borrower/customer counterparties through its normal loan underwriting and credit monitoring policies and procedures. The Company underwrites the combination of the base loan amount and potential swap exposure and focuses on high quality borrowers with strong collateral values. The majority of the Company’s swapped loan portfolio consists of loans on projects with loan-to-values, including the potential swap exposure, below 65%.  The Company does not currently anticipate any losses from failure of interest rate derivative counterparties to honor their obligations.

28

NOTE 6 – INCOME TAXES

A reconciliation of the expected federal income tax expense to the income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of income is as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 

2026

2025

% of

% of

Pretax

Pretax

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Income

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Income

 

(dollars in thousands)

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

$

7,520

 

21.0

%  

$

5,482

 

21.0

%

State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect (*)

 

1,029

 

2.9

 

448

 

1.7

Tax credits

 

Low income housing tax credits

 

(1,021)

 

(2.9)

 

(690)

 

(2.6)

Other credits

 

(49)

 

(0.1)

 

(195)

 

(0.7)

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

Tax exempt income, net

(7,458)

(20.8)

(7,505)

(28.7)

Interest disallowance

2,916

8.1

3,115

11.9

Bank-owned life insurance

(176)

(0.5)

(110)

(0.4)

Meals and entertainment

 

27

 

0.1

 

21

 

0.1

Other

(130)

(0.4)

(142)

(0.6)

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

165

0.5

Other adjustments

Excess tax benefit on stock options exercised and restricted stock awards vested

(584)

(1.6)

(490)

(1.9)

Provision adjustment

142

0.4

373

1.4

Other

 

47

 

0.1

 

1

 

Effective tax rate

$

2,428

 

6.8

%  

$

308

 

1.2

%

* State taxes in Iowa made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

 

The effective tax rate for the first three months of 2026 was at 6.8%, up from 1.2% in the first three months of 2025. The increase was primarily due to an overall increase in pre-tax income.

The following table summarizes the impact to the Consolidated Statements of Income relative to the Company’s tax credit programs for which it has elected to apply the proportional amortization method of accounting:

For the Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Tax credits recognized

$

2,943

$

2,707

Other tax benefits recognized

 

426

 

496

Amortization

 

(2,233)

 

(2,192)

Net benefit included in income tax

 

1,136

 

1,011

 

 

Other income

 

 

Allocated income on investments

Net benefit included in noninterest income

 

 

Net benefit included in the Consolidated Statements of Income

$

1,136

$

1,011

The Company did not recognize impairment losses resulting from the forfeiture or ineligibility of income tax credits or other circumstances during the three months ending March 31, 2026 and 2025.

 

29

NOTE 7 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following information was used in the computation of EPS on a basic and diluted basis:

Three months ended

March 31,

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(dollars in thousands, except share data)

Net income

$

33,383

$

25,797

Basic EPS

$

2.00

$

1.53

Diluted EPS

$

1.99

$

1.52

Weighted average common shares outstanding

 

16,651,808

 

16,900,785

Weighted average common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options and under the employee stock purchase plan

 

89,733

 

113,207

Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding

 

16,741,541

 

17,013,992

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE

Accounting guidance on fair value measurement uses a hierarchy intended to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. This hierarchy includes three levels and is based upon the valuation techniques used to measure assets and liabilities. The three levels are as follows:

Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in markets;
Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and
Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis comprise the following at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

Quoted Prices

Significant

in Active

Other

Significant

Markets for

Observable

Unobservable

Identical Assets

Inputs

Inputs

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 1)

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 2)

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 3)

(dollars in thousands)

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities

$

15,059

$

$

15,059

$

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

86,222

 

 

86,222

 

Municipal securities

 

160,247

 

 

160,247

 

Asset-backed securities

4,076

4,076

Corporate securities

 

24,502

 

 

24,502

 

Securities trading

82,728

82,728

Derivatives

 

209,836

 

 

209,836

 

Total assets measured at fair value

$

582,670

$

$

499,942

$

82,728

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Derivatives

$

149,836

$

$

149,836

$

Total liabilities measured at fair value

$

149,836

$

$

149,836

$

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities AFS:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities

$

16,024

$

$

16,024

$

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

68,855

 

 

68,855

 

Municipal securities

 

163,085

 

 

163,085

 

Asset-backed securities

4,439

4,439

Corporate securities

 

27,374

 

 

27,374

 

Securities trading

83,857

83,857

Derivatives

 

188,409

 

 

188,409

 

Total assets measured at fair value

$

552,043

$

$

468,186

$

83,857

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Derivatives

$

137,051

$

$

137,051

$

Total liabilities measured at fair value

$

137,051

$

$

137,051

$

30

The securities AFS portfolio consists of securities whereby the Company obtains fair values from an independent pricing service. The fair values are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data, such as interest rate volatilities, SOFR yield curve, credit spreads and prices from market makers and live trading systems (Level 2 inputs).

Trading securities consist of retained beneficial interests from securitizations and are classified as a Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.  Fair values are estimated using the discounted cash flow method, including discount rates which are deemed to be significant unobservable inputs. As of March 31, 2026, the discount rates ranged from 3.23% to 6.40%.

Changes in fair value of trading securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, are presented as follows:

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Balance at the beginning of the period

$

83,857

$

83,529

Paydowns

(44)

(40)

Premium amortization

(233)

(235)

Fair value gain

 

(852)

 

(809)

Balance at the end of the period

$

82,728

$

82,445

Interest rate caps, swaps, collars and swaptions are used for the purpose of hedging interest rate risk on various financial assets and liabilities, further described in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair values are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data for derivative instruments with similar structures (Level 2 inputs).

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis; that is, the assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis comprised the following at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

Quoted Prices

Significant

in Active

Other

Significant

Markets for

Observable

Unobservable

Identical Assets

Inputs

Inputs

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

  ​ ​ ​

Level 1

  ​ ​ ​

Level 2

  ​ ​ ​

Level 3

(dollars in thousands)

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Loans/leases evaluated individually

$

44,105

$

$

$

44,105

OREO

583

583

$

44,688

$

$

$

44,688

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Loans/leases evaluated individually

$

47,183

$

$

$

47,183

OREO

 

583

 

 

 

583

$

47,766

$

$

$

47,766

Loans/leases evaluated individually are valued at the lower of cost or fair value and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is measured based on the value of the collateral securing these loans/leases. Collateral may be comprised of real estate and/or business assets, including equipment, inventory and/or accounts receivable, and is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers hired by the Company. Appraised and reported values are discounted based on management's historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management's expertise and knowledge of the client and client's business.

OREO in the table above consists of property acquired through foreclosures and settlement of loans.  Property acquired is carried at the estimated fair value of the property, less disposal costs, and is classified as a Level 3 in the fair value

31

hierarchy.  The estimated fair value of the property acquired is generally determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers hired by the Company.  Appraised and reported values are discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the property.

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

Quantitative Information about Level Fair Value Measurements

 

Fair Value

Fair Value

 

March 31, 

December 31, 

 

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

Valuation Technique

  ​ ​ ​

Unobservable Input

  ​ ​ ​

Range

(dollars in thousands)

Loans/leases evaluated individually

$

44,105

$

47,183

Appraisal of collateral

Appraisal adjustments

-10.00

%

to

-30.00

%

OREO

583

583

Appraisal of collateral

Appraisal adjustments

0.00

%  

to

 

-35.00

%

For the loans/leases evaluated individually and OREO, the Company records carrying value at fair value less disposal or selling costs. The amounts reported in the tables above are fair values before the adjustment for disposal or selling costs.

There have been no changes in valuation techniques used for any assets or liabilities measured at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities carried on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis:

Fair Value

As of March 31, 2026

As of December 31, 2025

Hierarchy

Carrying

Estimated

Carrying

Estimated

  ​ ​ ​

Level

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

(dollars in thousands)

Cash and due from banks

 

Level 1

$

80,038

$

80,038

$

76,494

$

76,494

Federal funds sold

 

Level 2

 

950

 

950

 

23,150

 

23,150

Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions

 

Level 2

 

38,340

 

38,340

 

53,249

 

53,249

Investment securities:

 

  ​

 

 

 

 

HTM

 

Level 2

 

951,916

 

840,740

 

948,676

 

857,663

AFS

 

Level 2

 

290,106

 

290,106

 

279,777

 

279,777

Trading

Level 3

82,728

82,728

83,857

83,857

Loans/leases receivable, net

 

Level 3

 

40,838

 

44,105

 

43,688

 

47,183

Loans/leases receivable, net

 

Level 2

 

7,159,203

 

6,934,233

 

7,033,140

 

6,794,019

Derivatives

 

Level 2

 

209,836

 

209,836

 

192,426

 

192,426

Deposits:

 

  ​

 

 

 

 

Nonmaturity deposits

 

Level 2

 

6,628,462

 

6,628,462

 

6,145,194

 

6,145,194

Time deposits

 

Level 2

 

1,142,388

 

1,140,593

 

1,269,004

 

1,268,442

Short-term borrowings

 

Level 2

 

1,950

 

1,950

 

2,650

 

2,650

FHLB advances

 

Level 2

 

25,609

 

24,512

 

245,383

 

244,237

Other borrowings

 

Level 2

 

107,457

 

100,155

 

107,395

 

100,634

Subordinated notes

Level 2

234,217

237,610

234,122

237,648

Junior subordinated debentures

 

Level 2

 

49,024

 

43,443

 

48,991

 

42,997

Derivatives

 

Level 2

 

149,836

 

149,836

 

214,327

 

214,327

32

NOTE 9 – BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

Selected financial and descriptive information is required to be disclosed for reportable operating segments, applying a “management perspective” as the basis for identifying reportable segments. The management perspective is determined by the view that management takes of the segments within the Company when making operating decisions, allocating resources, and measuring performance. The segments of the Company have been defined by the structure of the Company’s internal organization, focusing on the financial information that the Company’s operating decision-makers routinely use to make decisions about operating matters.  The chief operating decision maker consists of the Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company.  The chief operating decision maker reviews financial reports that detail the interest income, interest expense, provision for credit losses, noninterest income, salaries and benefits expense, occupancy expense, other noninterest expenses, income tax expense and net income from continuing operations and compares the actual results to the amounts budgeted and the reason for variances.  The results of this review allow the Company’s chief operating decision maker to make operating decisions and allocate resources.  Capital markets revenue is considered a significant source of noninterest income.  Salaries and benefits expense and occupancy expense are considered  significant noninterest expenses.

The Company’s Commercial Banking business is geographically divided by markets into the operating segments which are the four subsidiary banks wholly owned by the Company:  QCBT, CRBT, CSB, and GB. Each of these operating segments offers similar products and services, but is managed separately due to different pricing, product demand, and consumer markets. Each offers commercial, consumer, and mortgage loans and deposit services.

The Company's All Other segment includes the corporate operations of the parent and operations of all other consolidated subsidiaries and/or defined operating segments that fall below the segment reporting thresholds.

Selected financial information on the Company's business segments is presented as follows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Commercial Banking

Intercompany

Consolidated

  ​ ​ ​

QCBT

  ​ ​ ​

CRBT

  ​ ​ ​

CSB

  ​ ​ ​

GB

  ​ ​ ​

All other

  ​ ​ ​

Eliminations

  ​ ​ ​

Total

(dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

Interest and dividend income

$

36,621

$

34,318

$

21,673

$

30,424

$

69

$

(3,014)

$

120,091

Interest expense

17,087

12,335

8,164

13,871

4,607

(3,411)

52,653

Net interest income

 

19,534

 

21,983

 

13,509

16,553

 

(4,538)

 

397

 

67,438

Provision for credit losses

 

1,400

 

223

 

427

404

 

 

 

2,454

Noninterest income

Capital markets revenue

9,029

1,672

10,701

Other segment revenue items

5,809

3,050

1,524

2,038

41,542

(41,712)

12,251

Total noninterest income

5,809

12,079

1,524

3,710

41,542

(41,712)

22,952

Noninterest expense

Salaries and benefits expense

8,057

9,113

5,369

7,629

1,221

31,389

Occupancy expense

1,493

1,941

1,460

1,690

895

7,479

Other segment expense items

4,071

3,391

2,001

3,006

1,350

(562)

13,257

Total noninterest expense

13,621

14,445

8,830

12,325

3,466

(562)

52,125

Income tax expense

649

1,965

21

105

(312)

2,428

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

$

9,673

$

17,429

$

5,755

$

7,429

$

33,850

$

(40,753)

$

33,383

Goodwill

$

2,791

$

14,980

$

9,888

$

110,936

$

$

$

138,595

Intangibles

 

 

330

 

 

7,244

 

 

 

7,574

Total assets

 

3,105,984

 

2,848,359

 

1,740,480

 

2,418,895

 

1,475,099

 

(1,975,122)

 

9,613,695

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

Interest and dividend income

$

35,937

$

31,932

$

20,008

$

29,343

$

87

$

(634)

$

116,673

Interest expense

17,313

12,466

8,102

15,562

4,286

(1,042)

56,687

Net interest income

 

18,624

 

19,466

 

11,906

13,781

 

(4,199)

 

408

 

59,986

Provision for credit losses

 

1,412

 

86

 

1,362

1,374

 

 

 

4,234

Noninterest income

Capital markets revenue

5,603

62

851

6,516

Other segment revenue items

5,211

2,395

1,502

1,674

31,716

(32,122)

10,376

Total noninterest income

5,211

7,998

1,564

2,525

31,716

(32,122)

16,892

Noninterest expense

Salaries and benefits expense

7,409

7,861

4,873

6,504

717

27,364

Occupancy expense

1,539

1,596

1,238

1,597

485

6,455

Other segment expense items

4,034

3,552

2,105

3,076

598

(645)

12,720

Total noninterest expense

12,982

13,009

8,216

11,177

1,800

(645)

46,539

Income tax expense

897

764

(246)

(416)

(691)

308

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

$

8,544

$

13,605

$

4,138

$

4,171

$

26,408

$

(31,069)

$

25,797

Goodwill

$

2,791

$

14,980

$

9,888

$

110,936

$

$

$

138,595

Intangibles

 

 

568

 

733

 

9,099

 

 

 

10,400

Total assets

 

2,771,498

 

2,559,768

 

1,582,972

 

2,326,244

 

1,354,539

 

(1,512,833)

 

9,082,188

33

Intercompany eliminations included in the selected financial information on the Company’s business segments consist of equity in net income of each subsidiary bank and investment in each subsidiary bank as follows:

Commercial Banking

QCBT

  ​ ​ ​

CRBT

  ​ ​ ​

CSB

  ​ ​ ​

GB

  ​ ​ ​

Total

(dollars in thousands)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Other segment revenue items:

Equity in net income of subsidiary bank

$

9,673

$

17,429

$

5,755

$

7,429

$

40,286

Total assets:

Investment in subsidiary bank

307,860

476,302

200,462

393,753

1,378,377

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Other segment revenue items:

Equity in net income of subsidiary bank

$

8,543

$

13,605

$

4,137

$

4,172

$

30,457

Total assets:

Investment in subsidiary bank

289,980

438,716

177,664

385,073

1,291,433

NOTE 10 – REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the subsidiary banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company and the subsidiary banks' financial statements.

Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the subsidiary banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain OBS items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the subsidiary banks to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to average assets, each as defined by regulation.  Management believes, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, that the Company and the subsidiary banks met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, to be categorized as “well capitalized,” an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, Tier 1 leverage and common equity Tier 1 ratios as set forth in the following tables. The Company and the subsidiary banks’ actual capital amounts and ratios as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are presented in the following tables (dollars in thousands).  As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, each of the subsidiary banks met such capital requirements to be “well capitalized.”

For Capital Adequacy

To Be Well Capitalized

 

For Capital

Purposes With Capital

Under Prompt Corrective

 

Actual

Adequacy Purposes

Conservation Buffer

Action Provisions

 

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

Ratio

( dollars in thousands)

As of March 31, 2026:

Company:

Total risk-based capital

$

1,363,858

14.00

%  

$

779,180

> 

8.00

%  

$

1,022,674

> 

10.50

%  

$

973,976

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

1,075,998

 

11.05

 

584,385

> 

6.00

 

827,879

> 

8.50

 

779,180

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

1,075,998

 

11.44

 

376,080

> 

4.00

 

376,080

> 

4.00

 

470,100

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

1,026,974

 

10.54

 

438,289

> 

4.50

 

681,783

> 

7.00

 

633,084

> 

6.50

Quad City Bank & Trust:

 

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

344,898

13.97

%  

$

197,463

> 

8.00

%  

$

259,170

> 

10.50

%  

$

246,829

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

318,206

 

12.89

 

148,097

> 

6.00

 

209,804

> 

8.50

 

197,463

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

318,206

 

10.94

 

116,303

> 

4.00

 

116,303

> 

4.00

 

145,379

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

318,206

 

12.89

 

111,073

> 

4.50

 

172,780

> 

7.00

 

160,439

> 

6.50

Cedar Rapids Bank & Trust:

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

500,763

14.64

%  

$

273,616

> 

8.00

%  

$

359,121

> 

10.50

%  

$

342,020

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

473,856

 

13.85

 

205,212

> 

6.00

 

290,717

> 

8.50

 

273,616

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

473,856

 

16.68

 

113,618

> 

4.00

 

113,618

> 

4.00

 

142,022

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

473,856

 

13.85

 

153,909

> 

4.50

 

239,414

> 

7.00

 

222,313

> 

6.50

Community State Bank:

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

217,053

12.62

%  

$

137,540

> 

8.00

%  

$

180,521

> 

10.50

%  

$

171,925

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

202,927

 

11.80

 

103,155

> 

6.00

 

146,136

> 

8.50

 

137,540

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

202,927

 

11.92

 

68,119

> 

4.00

 

68,119

> 

4.00

 

85,149

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

202,927

 

11.80

 

77,366

> 

4.50

 

120,347

> 

7.00

 

111,751

> 

6.50

Guaranty Bank:

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

311,027

14.18

%  

$

175,510

> 

8.00

%  

$

230,358

> 

10.50

%  

$

219,388

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

286,109

 

13.04

 

131,633

> 

6.00

 

186,480

> 

8.50

 

175,510

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

286,109

 

12.43

 

92,061

> 

4.00

 

92,061

> 

4.00

 

115,077

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

286,109

 

13.04

 

98,725

> 

4.50

 

153,572

> 

7.00

 

142,602

> 

6.50

34

For Capital Adequacy

To Be Well Capitalized

 

For Capital

Purposes With Capital

Under Prompt Corrective

 

Actual

Adequacy Purposes

Conservation Buffer

Action Provisions

 

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

Ratio

 

( dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2025:

Company:

Total risk-based capital

$

1,369,172

14.19

%  

$

771,812

> 

8.00

%  

$

1,013,003

> 

10.50

%  

$

964,765

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

1,063,505

 

11.02

 

578,859

> 

6.00

 

820,050

> 

8.50

 

771,812

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

1,063,505

 

11.07

 

384,419

> 

4.00

 

384,419

> 

4.00

 

480,523

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

1,014,514

 

10.52

 

434,144

> 

4.50

 

675,335

> 

7.00

 

627,097

> 

6.50

Quad City Bank & Trust:

 

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

342,214

14.33

%  

$

191,071

> 

8.00

%  

$

250,780

> 

10.50

%  

$

238,838

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

313,533

 

13.13

 

143,303

> 

6.00

 

203,013

> 

8.50

 

191,071

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

313,533

 

10.65

 

117,711

> 

4.00

 

117,711

> 

4.00

 

147,138

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

313,533

 

13.13

 

107,477

> 

4.50

 

167,187

> 

7.00

 

155,245

> 

6.50

Cedar Rapids Bank & Trust:

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

495,107

14.61

%  

$

271,051

> 

8.00

%  

$

355,754

> 

10.50

%  

$

338,814

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

466,349

 

13.76

 

203,288

> 

6.00

 

287,992

> 

8.50

 

271,051

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

466,349

 

16.22

 

115,000

> 

4.00

 

115,000

> 

4.00

 

143,751

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

466,349

 

13.76

 

152,466

> 

4.50

 

237,170

> 

7.00

 

220,229

> 

6.50

Community State Bank:

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

212,148

12.65

%  

$

134,206

> 

8.00

%  

$

176,146

> 

10.50

%  

$

167,758

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

197,171

 

11.75

 

100,655

> 

6.00

 

142,594

> 

8.50

 

134,206

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

197,171

 

11.42

 

69,072

> 

4.00

 

69,072

> 

4.00

 

86,340

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

197,171

 

11.75

 

75,491

> 

4.50

 

117,431

> 

7.00

 

109,043

> 

6.50

Guaranty Bank:

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total risk-based capital

$

308,357

14.13

%  

$

174,598

> 

8.00

%  

$

229,159

> 

10.50

%  

$

218,247

> 

10.00

%

Tier 1 risk-based capital

 

283,230

 

12.98

 

130,948

> 

6.00

 

185,510

> 

8.50

 

174,598

> 

8.00

Tier 1 leverage

 

283,230

 

12.03

 

94,143

> 

4.00

 

94,143

> 

4.00

 

117,679

> 

5.00

Common equity Tier 1

 

283,230

 

12.98

 

98,211

> 

4.50

 

152,773

> 

7.00

 

141,861

> 

6.50

NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS

The Company entered into a construction contract in 2024 for the construction of a new CSB facility in Ankeny, Iowa.  The Company will pay the contractor a contract price of approximately $42.7 million, subject to certain agreed upon additions and deductions. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had paid $38.4 million of the contract price, resulting in a remaining future commitment of approximately $4.3 million. Construction on this facility is anticipated to be completed in the second quarter of 2026.  

The Company entered into a construction contract in 2025 for the construction of a new corporate headquarters including a new branch facility for QCBT in Bettendorf, Iowa. The Company will pay the contractor a contract price of approximately $66.5 million, subject to certain agreed upon additions and deductions. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had paid $15.6 million of the contract price, resulting in a remaining future commitment of approximately $50.9 million. Construction on this facility is anticipated to be completed in 2027.  

NOTE 12 - LEGAL CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to pending and threatened litigation, claims investigations and legal and administrative cases and proceedings.

Under applicable accounting standards, reserves are established for legal claims only when losses associated with the claims are judged to be probable, and the loss can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible, but not probable, the Company does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature of the matter and an estimate of the loss or range of losses, to the extent such estimate can be made. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of possibility or probability, and whether the loss or range of losses is reasonably estimable. The Company’s judgments are subjective and based on the status of the legal or regulatory proceedings, the merits of the Company’s defenses and consultation with in-house and outside legal counsel. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based on the best information available to the Company and its advisors at the time, including, among other information, settlement agreements. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to pending claims and litigation and may revise its estimates accordingly. Due to the inherent uncertainties of the legal and regulatory processes, such judgments may be materially different than the actual outcomes. Legal costs such as outside counsel fees are expensed in the period in which the services are rendered.

Assessments of litigation exposure are difficult because they involve inherently unpredictable factors including, but not limited to: whether the proceeding is in the early stages; whether damages are unspecified, unsupported or uncertain; whether there is a potential for punitive or other pecuniary damages; whether the matter involves legal uncertainties, including novel issues of law; whether the matter involves multiple parties and/or jurisdictions; whether discovery has begun or is not complete; whether meaningful settlement discussions have commenced; and whether the proceeding involves class allegations. In many lawsuits and arbitrations, it is not possible to determine whether a liability will be

35

incurred, or to estimate the ultimate or minimum amount of that liability, until the matter is close to resolution, in which case a reserve will not be recognized until that time. As a result, the Company may be unable to estimate reasonably possible losses with respect to litigation matters it faces.

In June 2025, CSB was named as a defendant in a lawsuit filed in the Iowa District Court in and for Polk County. The plaintiff alleged, on behalf of himself and a proposed statewide class of consumers, breach of contract and unjust enrichment arising from the CSB’s alleged improper assessment and collection of multiple insufficient funds fees and/or overdraft fees specifically for representment transactions. The petition seeks an unspecified amount of monetary damages.

CSB initially filed a motion to dismiss, which was denied in February 2026. CSB filed an Answer and Affirmative Defenses to the petition on April 10, 2026. Management has engaged outside counsel experienced in this area to assist with defense and risk assessment. CSB continues to dispute the allegations made by the plaintiff, and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously. The Company believes a loss is not considered probable at this time.

The Company believes a material loss contingency related to the petition is reasonably possible, but not probable, based on currently-available information. However, the Company is unable to estimate the ultimate or minimum loss or range of losses, if any, at this time due to a number of uncertainties, including, but not limited to: (i) the current early stages of the proceedings and discovery not having commenced; (ii) the absence of specificity as to alleged damages; and (iii) the lack of resolution of significant factual and legal issues.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company did not have any accrued liabilities recorded for loss contingencies in its consolidated financial statements.

36

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

This section reviews the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries as of and for the three months ending March 31, 2026. Some tables may include additional periods to comply with disclosure requirements or to illustrate trends. When reading this discussion, also refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in this report. Page locations and specific sections and notes that are referred to in this discussion are listed in the table of contents.

Additionally, a comprehensive list of the acronyms and abbreviations used throughout this discussion is included in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

GENERAL

The Company was formed in February 1993 for the purpose of organizing QCBT.  Over the past 33 years, the Company has grown to include four banking subsidiaries and a number of nonbanking subsidiaries.  As of March 31, 2026, the Company had $9.6 billion in consolidated assets, including $7.2 billion in net loans/leases, and $7.8 billion in deposits.  The financial results of acquired entities for the periods since their acquisition are included in this report.  Further information related to acquired entities has been presented in the annual reports previously filed with the SEC corresponding to the year of each acquisition.  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The financial information contained within these statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on approximate measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance, determination of the fair value of loans acquired in business combinations, impairment of goodwill, the fair value of financial instruments, and the fair value of securities.

Based on its consideration of accounting policies that involve the most complex and subjective decisions and assessments, management has identified the following as critical accounting policies and estimates:

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases and Off-Balance Sheet Exposures

A more detailed discussion of these critical accounting policies and estimates can be found in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

The Company reported net income of $33.4 million and diluted EPS of $1.99 for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. By comparison, for the quarter ended December 31, 2025, the Company reported net income of $35.7 million and diluted EPS of $2.12.  For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company reported net income of $25.8 million, and diluted EPS of $1.52.  

37

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The first quarter of 2026 was also highlighted by the following results and events (see section titled “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for additional information):

Net income of $33.4 million, or $1.99 per diluted share, representing a 31% year-over-year increased in diluted EPS and a 1.40% ROAA;
Net interest income of $67.4 million, representing 12% growth on a year-over-year basis;
Strong loan growth of 8% annualized prior to m2 portfolio runoff;
Robust core deposit growth of $409.1 million, or 23% annualized;
Significant noninterest expense reduction of 17% on a linked-quarter basis;
Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) expansion of $1.33, or 9% annualized on a linked-quarter basis; and
247,289 common shares repurchased at an average price of $84.28 per share.

Following is a table that represents various net income measurements for the Company:

For the three months ended

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Net income

$

33,383

$

35,664

$

25,797

Diluted earnings per common share

$

1.99

$

2.12

$

1.52

Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding

 

16,741,541

 

16,858,506

 

17,013,992

The Company reported adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $33.4 million, with adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP) of $1.99 for the three months ended March 31, 2026.  See section titled “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for additional information.  

Following is a table that represents the major income and expense categories for the Company:

For the three months ended

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

 

(dollars in thousands)

Net interest income

$

67,438

$

68,354

$

59,986

Provision for credit losses

 

2,454

 

5,499

 

4,234

Noninterest income

 

22,952

 

38,665

 

16,892

Noninterest expense

 

52,125

 

62,852

 

46,539

Federal and state income tax expense

 

2,428

 

3,004

 

308

Net income

$

33,383

$

35,664

$

25,797

Following are certain noteworthy developments in the Company's financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026:

Net interest income in the first quarter of 2026 decreased 1% compared to the fourth quarter of 2025 due to lower loan yields and increased 12% compared to the first quarter of 2025 due to higher average earning assets and higher investment yields.
The provision for credit losses in the first quarter of 2026 decreased $3.0 million compared to the fourth quarter of 2025. Provision expense decreased $1.8 million compared to the first quarter of 2025. The decreases across all periods were driven primarily by the transfer of loans held for sale. See the “Provision for Credit Losses” section of this report for additional details.
Noninterest income in the first quarter of 2026 decreased $15.7 million, or 41%, compared to the fourth quarter of 2025 primarily due to historically lower capital markets revenue from swap fees during the first quarter.

38

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

Noninterest income in the first quarter of 2026 increased $6.1 million, or 36%, compared to the first quarter of 2025. The increase was primarily due to higher capital markets revenue from swap fees. Sustained, long-term demand for affordable housing remains strong.  The demand for low-income housing remains healthy and the economics associated with these tax credit projects continue to be favorable.  The Company has a strong pipeline for this business that continues to improve as clients adapt to evolving market conditions.  The Company expects its capital markets revenue will continue to be a solid source of fee income.
Noninterest expense in the first quarter of 2026 decreased $10.7 million, or 17%, compared to the fourth quarter of 2025. The decrease was primarily due to lower capital markets revenue and its impact on variable compensation, lower professional and data processing fees, and the impact of the $2.0 million debt extinguishment loss in the prior quarter. Noninterest expense increased $5.6 million, or 12%, compared to the first quarter of 2025. The increase was primarily due to higher capital markets revenue and its impact on variable compensation, and higher occupancy and equipment expense related to the Company’s digital transformation.  

STRATEGIC FINANCIAL METRICS

The Company has established certain strategic financial metrics by which it manages its business and measures its performance. The goals are periodically updated to reflect changes in business developments. While the Company is determined to work prudently to achieve these metrics, there is no assurance that they will be met. Moreover, the Company's ability to achieve these metrics may be affected by the factors discussed under “Forward Looking Statements” as well as the factors detailed in the “Risk Factors” section included under Item 1A. of Part I of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company's long-term strategic financial metrics are as follows:

Generate loan and lease growth of 9% per year, funded by core deposits, which excludes brokered deposits;
Grow fee-based income by at least 6% per year; and
Limit annual operating expense growth to 5% per year.

The following table shows the evaluation of the Company’s strategic financial metrics:

Year to Date*

Strategic Financial Metric*

  ​ ​ ​

Key Metric

  ​ ​ ​

Target

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

Loan and lease growth organically**

 

Loans and leases growth

 

> 9% annually

8.0

%  

11.7

%  

2.3

%

Fee income growth

 

Fee income growth

 

> 6% annually

(20.4)

%  

(3.7)

%  

(43.0)

%

Improve operational efficiencies and hold noninterest expense growth

Noninterest expense growth

 

< 5% annually

(2.4)

%  

4.1

%  

(9.3)

%

* Ratios and amounts provided for these measurements represent year-to-date actual amounts for the respective period that are then annualized for comparison to the prior year actual. The calculations provided exclude non-core noninterest income and noninterest expense.

** Excludes the runoff of the m2 portfolio.

It should be noted that these initiatives are long-term targets.  

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS

The Company has taken the following actions during the first quarter of 2026 to support its corporate strategy and further the strategic financial metrics shown above:

In the first quarter of 2026, the Company grew loans and leases by 8.0% annualized, excluding the runoff of the m2 portfolio. Loan growth was driven by both traditional and LIHTC lending.  

39

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The Company acted as the correspondent bank through QCBT for 190 downstream banks with total noninterest bearing deposits of $112.9 million and total interest-bearing deposits of $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2026, as correspondent banking continued to be a core line of business for the Company. By comparison, the Company acted as the correspondent bank for 189 downstream banks with total noninterest bearing deposits of $116.7 million and total interest-bearing deposits of $965.2 million as of March 31, 2025. The Company is competitively positioned with experienced staff, software systems and processes to continue growing in the four states currently served – Iowa, Wisconsin, Missouri and Illinois. This line of business provides a strong source of deposits, fee income, high-quality loan participations and bank stock loans.  The Company also managed off-balance sheet liquidity held at the Federal Reserve on behalf of the downstream banks of $523.8 million as of March 31, 2026, as compared to $537.9 million as of March 31, 2025.
The Company continued to focus on executing interest rate swaps on select commercial loans, including LIHTC permanent loans. These interest rate swaps allow commercial borrowers to pay a fixed interest rate while the Company receives a variable interest rate as well as an upfront nonrefundable fee dependent on the pricing. Management believes that these swaps help position the Company more favorably for various interest rate environments.  The Company will continue to review opportunities to execute these swaps at each of its subsidiary banks as appropriate for applicable borrowers and the Company. Levels of capital markets revenue from swap fee income are influenced by prevailing interest rates.  Capital markets revenue, primarily from swap fee income, totaled $10.7 million for the first quarter of 2026 as compared to $6.5 million for the same period of the prior year. Demand for affordable housing remains strong, as discussed in the “Executive Overview” section of this report, above.
Over many years, the Company has been successful in expanding its wealth management client base. Trust and investment advisory and management fees continue to be a significant contributor to noninterest income. Assets under management decreased by $52.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025. Income is generated primarily from fees charged based on assets under administration for corporate and personal trusts and for custodial services. The majority of trust fees are determined based on the value of the investments managed. The Company expects trust and investment advisory and management fees to be negatively impacted during periods of lower market valuations and positively impacted during periods of higher market valuations. The Company has expanded its wealth management business into the southwest Missouri and central Iowa markets.
Noninterest expense for the first three months of 2026 totaled $52.1 million as compared to $46.5 million in the first three months of 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase in salaries and benefits expenses related to higher variable incentive compensation and increased occupancy and equipment expense related to the Company’s digital transformation.

GAAP TO NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS

The following table presents certain non-GAAP financial measures related to the “TCE/TA ratio,” “adjusted net income,” “adjusted EPS,” “adjusted ROAA,” “NIM (TEY),” “adjusted NIM (TEY),” “efficiency ratio,” and “adjusted efficiency ratio.” In compliance with applicable rules of the SEC, all non-GAAP measures are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, as follows:

TCE/TA ratio (non-GAAP) is reconciled to stockholders’ equity and total assets;
Adjusted net income, adjusted EPS and adjusted ROAA (all non-GAAP measures) are reconciled to net income;
NIM (TEY) (non-GAAP) is reconciled to NIM; and
Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) and adjusted efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) are reconciled to noninterest expense, net interest income and noninterest income.

40

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The TCE/TA non-GAAP ratio has been a focus for investors, and management believes that this ratio may assist investors in analyzing the Company’s capital position without regard to the effects of intangible assets.

The following tables also include several “adjusted” non-GAAP measurements of financial performance. The Company’s management believes that these measures are important to investors as they exclude non-core or non-recurring income and expense items; therefore, they provide a better comparison for analysis and may provide a better indicator of future performance.

NIM (TEY) is a financial measure that the Company’s management utilizes to determine the tax benefit associated with certain tax-exempt loans and securities. It is standard industry practice to measure net interest margin using tax-equivalent measures.

The efficiency ratio and adjusted efficiency ratio are utilized by management to compare the Company to its peers. They are standard ratios used to calculate overhead as a percentage of revenue in the banking industry and is widely utilized by investors.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by investors to evaluate a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

As of

GAAP TO NON-GAAP

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 

RECONCILIATIONS

2026

2025

2025

 

(dollars in thousands)

TCE/TA RATIO

 

  ​

 

Stockholders' equity (GAAP)

$

1,122,464

$

1,112,311

$

1,022,747

Less: Intangible assets

 

146,169

 

146,675

 

148,995

TCE (non-GAAP)

$

976,295

$

965,636

$

873,752

Total assets (GAAP)

$

9,613,695

$

9,498,194

$

9,082,188

Less: Intangible assets

 

146,169

 

146,675

 

148,995

TA (non-GAAP)

$

9,467,526

$

9,351,519

$

8,933,193

TCE/TA ratio (non-GAAP)

 

10.31

%  

 

10.33

%

 

9.78

%

41

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

For the Three Months Ended

March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

ADJUSTED NET INCOME

Net income (GAAP)

$

33,383

$

35,664

$

25,797

Less non-core items (post-tax) (*):

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Income:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Fair value loss on derivatives, net

(13)

(88)

(156)

Total non-core income (non-GAAP)

$

(13)

$

(88)

$

(156)

Expense:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Loss on debt extinguishment, net

1,551

Total non-core expense (non-GAAP)

$

$

1,551

$

Adjusted net income (non-GAAP)

$

33,396

$

37,303

$

25,953

ADJUSTED EPS

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) (from above)

$

33,396

$

37,303

$

25,953

Weighted average common shares outstanding

 

16,651,808

 

16,756,717

 

16,900,785

Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding

 

16,741,541

 

16,858,506

 

17,013,992

Adjusted EPS (non-GAAP):

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Basic

$

2.01

$

2.23

$

1.54

Diluted

$

1.99

$

2.21

$

1.53

ADJUSTED ROAA (non-GAAP)

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) (from above)

$

33,396

$

37,303

$

25,953

Average Assets

$

9,550,010

$

9,758,848

$

9,015,439

Adjusted ROAA (non-GAAP)

 

1.40

%  

 

1.53

%  

 

1.15

%  

Adjusted ROAE (non-GAAP)

11.76

%

13.37

%

10.20

%

ADJUSTED NIM TEY*

 

 

Net interest income (GAAP)

$

67,438

$

68,354

$

59,986

Plus: Tax equivalent adjustment

 

8,851

 

11,277

 

9,513

Net interest income - tax equivalent (non-GAAP)

$

76,289

$

79,631

$

69,499

Average earning assets

$

8,640,613

$

8,872,022

$

8,241,035

NIM (GAAP)

 

3.17

%  

 

3.06

%  

 

2.95

%  

NIM TEY (non-GAAP)

 

3.58

%  

 

3.57

%  

 

3.42

%  

EFFICIENCY RATIO

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Noninterest expense (GAAP)

$

52,125

$

62,852

$

46,539

Net interest income (GAAP)

$

67,438

$

68,354

$

59,986

Noninterest income (GAAP)

 

22,952

 

38,665

 

16,892

Total income

$

90,390

$

107,019

$

76,878

Efficiency ratio (noninterest expense/total income) (non-GAAP)

 

57.67

%  

 

58.73

%  

 

60.54

%  

Adjusted efficiency ratio (core noninterest expense/core total income) (Non-GAAP)

57.66

%

56.84

%

60.38

%

*     Non-core or non-recurring items (after-tax) are calculated using an estimated effective federal tax rate of 21% with the exception of goodwill impairment which is not deductible for tax.

42

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

NET INTEREST INCOME AND MARGIN - (TAX EQUIVALENT BASIS)

Net interest income, on a GAAP basis, increased 12% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same quarter of the prior year.  Net interest income, on a tax equivalent basis (non-GAAP) increased 10% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same quarter of the prior year. Net interest income changed primarily due to the Company’s loan and investment growth and continued expansion of loan and investment yields, which were partially offset by deposit growth with a lower cost of funds.

A comparison of yields, spread and margin as reported on the Company’s financial statements and on a tax equivalent basis is as follows:

GAAP

Tax Equivalent Basis

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

March 31, 

December 31, 

March 31, 

March 31, 

December 31, 

March 31, 

2026

2025

2025

2026

2025

2025

Average Yield on Interest-Earning Assets

5.50

%  

5.75

%  

5.66

%  

6.02

%  

6.21

%  

6.20

%

Average Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities

3.00

%  

3.27

%  

3.44

%  

3.00

%  

3.25

%  

3.44

%

Net Interest Spread

2.50

%  

2.48

%  

2.22

%  

3.02

%  

2.96

%  

2.76

%

NIM TEY (Non-GAAP)

3.58

%  

3.57

%  

3.42

%  

3.58

%  

3.57

%  

3.42

%

The Company’s management closely monitors and manages NIM.  From a profitability standpoint, an important challenge for the Company’s subsidiary banks and leasing company is focusing on quality growth in conjunction with the improvement of their NIMs.  Management continually addresses this issue with pricing and other balance sheet strategies which include better loan pricing, reducing reliance on rate-sensitive funding, closely managing deposit rate changes and finding additional ways to manage cost of funds through derivatives.

43

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The Company’s average balances, interest income/expense, and rates earned/paid on major balance sheet categories, as well as the components of change in net interest income, are presented in the following tables:

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

2026

2025

Interest

Average

Interest

Average

Average

Earned

Yield or

Average

Earned

Yield or

  ​ ​ ​

Balance

  ​ ​ ​

or Paid

  ​ ​ ​

Cost

  ​ ​ ​

Balance

  ​ ​ ​

or Paid

  ​ ​ ​

Cost

(dollars in thousands)

ASSETS

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

Interest earning assets:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

Federal funds sold

$

8,003

$

73

 

3.64

%  

$

9,009

$

99

 

4.40

%

Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions

 

167,670

 

1,488

 

3.60

%  

 

166,897

 

1,804

 

4.38

%

Investment securities - taxable

 

410,342

 

4,962

 

4.84

%  

 

400,779

 

4,588

 

4.59

%

Investment securities - nontaxable (1)

943,300

14,049

5.97

%

843,476

11,722

5.57

%

Restricted investment securities

 

24,525

 

385

 

6.28

%  

 

30,562

 

534

 

6.99

%

Gross loans/leases receivable (1) (2) (3)

 

7,183,312

 

108,881

 

6.15

%  

 

6,790,312

 

107,439

 

6.42

%

Total interest earning assets

8,737,152

129,838

 

6.02

%  

8,241,035

126,186

 

6.20

%

Noninterest-earning assets:

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Cash and due from banks

78,861

77,796

Premises and equipment

 

219,624

 

162,256

Less allowance

 

(89,955)

 

(90,045)

Other

 

604,328

 

624,397

Total assets

$

9,550,010

$

9,015,439

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Interest-bearing liabilities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Interest-bearing deposits

$

5,451,672

$

35,494

 

2.64

%  

$

5,005,853

$

37,697

 

3.05

%

Time deposits

 

1,208,298

 

11,061

 

3.71

%  

 

1,204,593

 

12,690

 

4.27

%

Short-term borrowings

 

3,244

 

27

 

3.36

%  

 

1,839

 

18

 

3.97

%

FHLB advances

 

41,827

 

297

 

2.84

%  

 

177,883

 

1,996

 

4.49

%

Other borrowings

 

107,416

 

1,167

 

4.35

%  

 

 

 

%

Subordinated notes

234,155

3,920

6.70

%  

233,525

3,602

6.17

%

Junior subordinated debentures

 

49,002

 

687

 

5.61

%  

 

48,871

 

684

 

5.60

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

7,095,614

52,653

 

3.00

%  

6,672,564

56,687

 

3.44

%

Noninterest-bearing demand deposits

990,726

935,840

Other noninterest-bearing liabilities

327,363

389,548

Total liabilities

8,413,703

7,997,952

Stockholders' equity

 

1,136,307

 

1,017,487

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$

9,550,010

$

9,015,439

Net interest income

$

77,185

$

69,499

Net interest margin

 

 

 

3.13

%  

 

 

 

2.95

%

Net interest margin TEY (Non-GAAP)

 

 

 

3.58

%  

 

 

 

3.42

%

Cost of funds (4)

2.64

%  

3.02

%

Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities

 

123.13

%  

 

 

 

123.51

%  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)Interest earned and yields on nontaxable investment securities and nontaxable loans are determined on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate.
(2)Loan/lease fees are not material and are included in interest income from loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.
(3)Non-accrual loans/leases are included in the average balance for gross loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.
(4)Cost of funds includes the effect of noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

44

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

Analysis of Changes of Interest Income/Interest Expense

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Inc./(Dec.)

Components

from

of Change (1)

  ​ ​ ​

Prior Period (1)

  ​ ​ ​

Rate

  ​ ​ ​

Volume

 

2026 vs. 2025

(dollars in thousands)

INTEREST INCOME

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Federal funds sold

$

(26)

$

(26)

$

Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions

 

(316)

 

(374)

 

58

Investment securities - taxable

 

374

 

260

 

114

Investment securities - nontaxable (2)

2,327

879

1,448

Restricted investment securities

 

(149)

 

(51)

 

(98)

Gross loans/leases receivable (2) (3)

 

1,442

 

(20,630)

 

22,072

Total change in interest income

3,652

(19,942)

23,594

INTEREST EXPENSE

  ​

  ​

Interest-bearing deposits

(2,205)

(17,684)

15,479

Time deposits

(1,629)

(1,900)

271

Short-term borrowings

9

(17)

26

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

(1,699)

(551)

(1,148)

Other borrowings

1,167

1,167

Subordinated notes

318

308

10

Junior subordinated debentures

3

1

2

Total change in interest expense

(4,036)

(19,843)

15,807

Total change in net interest income

$

7,688

$

(99)

$

7,787

(1)The column “Inc./(Dec.) from Prior Period” is segmented into the changes attributable to variations in volume and the changes attributable to changes in interest rates. The variations attributable to simultaneous volume and rate changes have been proportionately allocated to rate and volume.
(2)Interest earned and yields on nontaxable investment securities and nontaxable loans are determined on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate.
(3)Loan/lease fees are not material and are included in interest income from loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.

The Company’s operating results are also impacted by various sources of noninterest income, including trust fees, investment advisory and management fees, deposit service fees, capital markets revenue, including swap fee income and gains on loan securitizations, gains from the sales of residential real estate loans and government guaranteed loans, earnings on BOLI and other income.  Offsetting these items, the Company incurs noninterest expenses, which include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment expense, professional and data processing fees, FDIC and other insurance expense, loan/lease expense and other administrative expenses.

The Company’s operating results are also affected by economic and competitive conditions, particularly changes in interest rates, income tax rates, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities.  For a discussion of the factors that could have a material impact on the operations and future prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, see the “Risk Factors” section included under Item 1A. of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTEREST INCOME

Interest income increased $3.4 million, comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of 2025.  Interest income (tax equivalent non-GAAP) increased $2.8 million, comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of 2025. These increases in interest income were primarily due to higher loan and investment average balances and higher loan and investment yields.

45

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The Company intends to continue to grow quality loans as well as its private placement tax-exempt securities portfolio to maximize yield while minimizing credit and interest rate risk.

INTEREST EXPENSE

Interest expense decreased $4.0 million, comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of 2025, primarily due to the lower cost of funds. The Company’s cost of funds was 2.64% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, a decrease from 3.02% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.  The decrease was a result of the Federal Reserve lowering interest rates and the corresponding impact on the Company’s liability sensitive balance sheet.

PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The ACL is established through provision expense to provide an estimated ACL. The following table shows the components of the provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Three Months Ended

March 31, 

March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(dollars in thousands)

Provision for credit losses - loans and leases

$

2,688

$

4,743

Provision for credit losses - off-balance sheet exposures

(234)

(509)

Total provision for credit losses

$

2,454

$

4,234

The Company had a total provision for credit losses on loans and leases of $2.7 million for the first quarter of 2026, a decrease from $4.7 million for the same period of 2025, driven primarily by the transfer of loans held for sale.  The provision related to OBS was a negative provision of $234 thousand for the first quarter of 2026 compared to a negative provision of $509 thousand for the first quarter of 2025. The balance primarily fluctuates with changes in the balance of unfunded commitments. There was no provision related to HTM securities for the first three months of 2026 or 2025.

The ACL for loans and leases is established based on a number of factors, including the Company's historical loss experience, delinquencies and charge-off trends, economic and other forecasts, the local, state and national economies and risk associated with the loans/leases and securities in the portfolio, as described in more detail in the “Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” section of this report.

The Company had an ACL for loans/leases held for investment of 1.26% of total gross loans/leases held for investment at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, compared to 1.32% at March 31, 2025.  

Additional discussion of the Company's allowance can be found in the “Financial Condition” section of this report.

46

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

NONINTEREST INCOME

The following table sets forth the various categories of noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Three Months Ended

 

March 31, 

March 31, 

 

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

$ Change

  ​ ​ ​

% Change

 

(dollars in thousands)

Trust fees

$

3,894

$

3,686

$

208

5.6

%

Investment advisory and management fees

 

1,539

 

1,254

 

285

22.7

Deposit service fees

 

1,973

 

2,183

 

(210)

(9.6)

Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net

 

614

 

297

 

317

106.7

Capital markets revenue

 

10,701

 

6,516

 

4,185

64.2

Earnings on bank-owned life insurance

 

931

 

524

 

407

77.7

Debit card fees

 

1,659

 

1,488

 

171

11.5

Correspondent banking fees

 

693

 

614

 

79

12.9

Loan related fee income

950

898

52

5.8

Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities

(869)

(1,007)

138

13.7

Other

 

867

 

439

 

428

97.5

Total noninterest income

$

22,952

$

16,892

$

6,060

35.9

%

The Company continues to be successful in expanding its wealth management client base. Trust and investment advisory and management fees continue to be a significant contributor to noninterest income. Assets under management have increased $702.6 million since March 31, 2025 due primarily to new relationships.  Income is generated primarily from fees charged based on assets under administration for corporate and personal trusts and for custodial services. The majority of trust fees are determined based on the value of the investments within the fully-managed trusts. Trust fees increased 6% in the first quarter of 2026 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to growth in assets under management and market performance.  The Company expects trust and investment advisory and management fees to be negatively impacted during periods of significantly lower market valuations and positively impacted during periods of significantly higher market valuations.

Investment advisory and management fees increased 23% comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year. Similar to trust fees, fees from these services are largely determined based on the market value of the investments managed. As a result, fee income from this line of business fluctuates with market valuations.

Deposit service fees decreased 10% in the first quarter of 2026 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The Company’s total deposits increased by $433.5 million, or 6%, when comparing March 31, 2026 to March 31, 2025. The Company continues to be successful in expanding its core deposit base with a targeted focus on growing the number of net new accounts in 2026.

Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net, increased 107% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year. The increase was due to higher volumes of client residential real estate purchase activity generating higher levels of gains.  

Capital markets revenue totaled $10.7 million for the first quarter of 2026, compared to $6.5 million for the first quarter of 2025, which is in line with historical first quarter average.  As discussed in the “Executive Overview” section of this report, demand for affordable housing remains strong. In the traditional commercial portfolio, the pricing is more competitive and the duration is shorter as compared to the LIHTC permanent loans.  Therefore, the mix of loans with interest rate swaps continued to be heavily weighted towards LIHTC permanent loans. Future levels of swap fees are dependent upon the needs of our traditional commercial and LIHTC borrowers, and the size of the related nonrefundable swap fee may fluctuate depending on the interest rate environment.

47

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The Company’s interest rate swap program consists of back-to-back interest rate swaps with two types of commercial borrowers: (1) traditional commercial loans of a certain minimum size and sophistication, and (2) LIHTC permanent loans.  Most of the growth has been in the latter category as the Company has grown relationships with strong LIHTC developers with many years of experience.  The LIHTC industry is strong and growing with an increased need for affordable housing.  The back-to-back interest rate swaps allow commercial borrowers to pay a fixed interest rate while the Company receives a variable interest rate as well as an upfront nonrefundable fee dependent upon the pricing from an upstream counter party.

Earnings on BOLI increased 78%, comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year driven by BOLI exchanges in the first three months of 2025 resulting in surrender charges of $168 thousand.  There were no purchases of BOLI in the first three months of 2026 or 2025. Notably, a portion of the Company's BOLI is variable rate whereby returns are determined by the performance of the equity markets.  Management intends to continue to review its BOLI investments to be consistent with policy and regulatory limits in conjunction with the rest of its earning assets in an effort to maximize returns while minimizing risk.

Debit card fees are the interchange fees paid on certain debit card customer transactions. Debit card fees increased 12% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year as the Company continues to be successful in adding net new demand deposit accounts. The fees can vary based on customer debit card usage, so fluctuations from period to period may occur. As an opportunity to maximize fees, the Company offers a deposit product with a higher interest rate that incentivizes debit card activity.

Correspondent banking fees increased 13% comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year. The increase was primarily due to an increase in correspondent banking balances. Fees from correspondent banks generally increase when non-interest bearing account balances decrease due to lower associated earnings credits. Correspondent banking continues to be a core strategy for the Company, as this line of business provides a high level of deposits that can be used to fund loan growth as well as a steady source of fee income. The Company now serves 190 banks in Iowa, Illinois, Missouri and Wisconsin.

Loan-related fee income increased 6% comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year primarily due to higher participation service fees.

Fair value losses on derivatives and trading securities were $869 thousand in the first quarter of 2026, as compared to $1.0 million in losses in the same period of the prior year.  The Company uses swaptions to manage interest rate risk related to the variability of interest payments due to changes in interest rates. These derivatives are unhedged and are marked-to-market, with gains or losses recorded in noninterest income which was a contributing factor in the decrease in fair value losses on derivatives.   See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Other noninterest income increased $428 thousand, or 98%, in the first quarter of 2026 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to fluctuations on the market value of the Company’s equity investments. Income on equity investments is largely determined based on the market value of the investments managed.

48

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

The following tables set forth the various categories of noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Three Months Ended

 

March 31, 

March 31, 

 

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

$ Change

  ​ ​ ​

% Change

 

(dollars in thousands)

Salaries and employee benefits

$

31,389

$

27,364

$

4,025

 

14.7

%

Occupancy and equipment expense

 

7,479

 

6,455

 

1,024

 

15.9

Professional and data processing fees

 

5,162

 

5,144

 

18

 

0.3

FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees

 

2,072

 

1,970

 

102

 

5.2

Loan/lease expense

 

106

 

381

 

(275)

 

(72.2)

Net cost of (income from) and losses/(gains) on operations of other real estate

 

16

 

(9)

 

25

 

277.8

Advertising and marketing

 

1,775

 

1,613

 

162

 

10.0

Communication and data connectivity

202

290

(88)

 

(30.3)

Supplies

233

207

26

 

12.6

Bank service charges

 

664

 

596

 

68

 

11.4

Correspondent banking expense

 

333

 

329

 

4

 

1.2

Intangibles amortization

 

506

 

661

 

(155)

 

(23.4)

Payment card processing

508

594

(86)

 

(14.5)

Trust expense

474

357

117

 

32.8

Other

 

1,206

 

587

 

619

 

105.5

Total noninterest expense

$

52,125

$

46,539

$

5,586

12.0

%

Management places a strong emphasis on overall cost containment and is committed to improving the Company's general efficiency and operating leverage as discussed in the “Strategic Financial Metrics” section.

Salaries and employee benefits, which is the largest component of noninterest expense, increased 15% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year primarily due to annual merit increases and capital markets revenue and its impact on variable compensation associated with performance.    

Occupancy and equipment expense increased 16% comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year due primarily to higher property tax expense with the opening of a new office in the Cedar Rapids market and an increase in service contract costs.

Professional and data processing fees remained stable comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year. The increase was due primarily to higher professional fees related to the Company’s digital transformation projects. Generally, professional and data processing fees can fluctuate depending on certain one-time project costs.  Management will continue to focus on minimizing such one-time costs and driving recurring costs down through contract negotiation or managed reduction in activity where costs are determined on a usage basis.

FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fee expense increased 5% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year due primarily to asset growth.

Loan/lease expense decreased 72% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same quarter of the prior year due primarily to lower legal expense on loan workouts and higher recoveries of legal expenses incurred on loan workouts.

Net cost of (income from) and gains/losses on operations of other real estate includes gains/losses on the sale of OREO, write-downs of OREO and all income/expenses associated with OREO. Net cost of and gains/losses on operations of other real estate for the first quarter of 2026 totaled $16 thousand, compared to net income from and gains/losses on operations of other real estate of $9 thousand for the first quarter of 2025.  

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

Advertising and marketing expense increased 10% comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year. The increase in expense was primarily due to an increase in sponsorships and other sales promotions in the first quarter of 2026.

Communication and data connectivity expense decreased 30% comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year.  The decrease was primarily due to improvements to our data center connectivity channels and a reduction in cell phone and air card expenses as the Company continues to improve operational efficiencies.    

Supplies expense increased 13% comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year. These increases were primarily due to the timing of purchases.

Bank service charges, a large portion of which includes indirect costs incurred to provide services to QCBT's correspondent banking customer portfolio, increased 11% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year.  As transaction volumes and the number of correspondent banking clients fluctuate, the associated expenses are expected to also fluctuate.

Correspondent banking expense increased 1% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year.  These are direct costs incurred to provide services to QCBT's correspondent banking customer portfolio, including safekeeping and cash management services.

Intangibles amortization expense decreased 23% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year due to no longer needing to amortize an intangible at CSB as done in the prior year. These expenses are expected to naturally decrease as intangibles become fully amortized unless there is an addition to intangible assets.

Payment card processing expense decreased 15% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year due to a decreased volume of transactions.

Trust expense increased 33% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year due to increased assets under management when comparing March 31, 2026 to March 31, 2025.  

Other noninterest expense increased 106% when comparing the first quarter of 2026 to the same period of the prior year.  The increase was primarily due to increased insurance claim loss reserves at our QCRH Risk Management entity in 2025. Included in other noninterest expense are items such as meals and entertainment, subscriptions and sales and use tax.

INCOME TAXES

In the first quarter of 2026, the Company incurred income tax expense of $2.4 million, compared to income tax expense of $308 thousand in the same period of the prior year.  The increase was primarily due to higher pre-tax income from higher capital markets revenue.

Refer to the reconciliation of the expected income tax rate to the effective tax rate that is included in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.

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Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Following is a table that represents the major categories of the Company’s balance sheet:

As of

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

 

March 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Cash, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing deposits

$

119,328

 

1

%  

$

152,893

 

2

%  

$

262,885

 

4

%  

Securities

1,324,750

 

14

%  

1,312,310

 

14

%  

1,220,717

 

13

%  

Net loans/leases

7,200,041

 

75

%  

7,076,828

 

75

%  

6,732,813

 

74

%  

Derivatives

209,836

2

%  

188,409

2

%  

172,231

2

%  

Other assets

759,740

8

%  

767,754

8

%  

693,542

7

%

Total assets

$

9,613,695

 

100

%  

$

9,498,194

 

100

%  

$

9,082,188

 

100

%  

Total deposits

$

7,770,850

 

80

%  

$

7,414,198

 

77

%  

$

7,337,390

 

80

%  

Total borrowings

418,257

 

4

%  

638,541

 

7

%  

429,921

 

5

%  

Derivatives

149,836

2

%  

137,051

2

%  

136,334

2

%  

Other liabilities

152,288

 

2

%  

196,093

 

2

%  

155,796

 

2

%  

Total stockholders' equity

1,122,464

 

12

%  

1,112,311

 

12

%  

1,022,747

 

11

%  

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$

9,613,695

 

100

%  

$

9,498,194

 

100

%  

$

9,082,188

 

100

%  

During the first quarter of 2026, the Company's total assets increased $115.5 million from December 31, 2025, to a total of $9.6 billion. The Company’s net loans/leases increased $123.2 million, or 2%, in the first quarter of 2026. Deposits increased $356.7 million, or 5%, during the first quarter of 2026.  Borrowings decreased $220.3 million, or 34%, during the first quarter of 2026 due primarily to strong deposit growth.

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The composition of the Company’s securities portfolio is managed to meet liquidity needs while prioritizing the impact on interest rate risk, maximizing return and minimizing credit risk. In recent years, the Company has continued to shift the mix of the portfolio by decreasing U.S. government sponsored agency securities, while increasing tax-exempt municipal securities.  Of the latter, the large majority are privately placed tax-exempt debt issuances by municipalities located in the Midwest (with some in or near the Company’s existing markets) that require a thorough underwriting process before investment and are generated by our specialty finance group.

Trading securities had a fair value of $82.7 million as of March 31, 2026 and consisted of retained beneficial interests acquired in conjunction with loan securitizations completed by the Company in prior years. See also Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details of these securitizations.

Following is a breakdown of the Company's securities portfolio by type, the percentage of net unrealized gains (losses) to carrying value on the total portfolio, and the portfolio duration:

As of

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

 

March 31, 2025

 

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%  

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

(dollars in thousands)

 

U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities

$

15,059

 

1

%  

$

16,024

 

1

%  

$

17,487

 

1

%

Municipal securities

 

1,081,102

 

81

%  

 

1,081,002

 

82

%  

 

1,003,985

 

82

%

Residential mortgage-backed and related securities

 

86,222

 

7

%  

 

68,855

 

5

%  

 

43,194

 

4

%

Asset-backed securities

4,076

1

%

4,439

1

%

7,764

1

%

Other securities

 

55,845

 

4

%  

 

58,133

 

5

%  

 

66,105

 

5

%

Trading securities

 

82,728

 

6

%  

 

83,857

 

6

%  

 

82,445

 

7

%

$

1,325,032

 

100

%  

$

1,312,310

 

100

%  

$

1,220,980

 

100

%

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities as a % of total assets

 

13.78

%  

  ​

 

13.82

%  

  ​

 

13.44

%  

  ​

Net unrealized losses as a % of Amortized Cost

 

(12.48)

%  

  ​

 

(10.82)

%  

  ​

 

(11.45)

%  

  ​

Duration (in years)

 

5.2

  ​

 

5.4

  ​

 

5.6

Annual yield on investment securities (tax equivalent)

5.62

%  

4.77

%  

5.24

%  

The Company has not invested in non-agency commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities or pooled trust preferred securities. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's investment securities.

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Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

LOANS/LEASES

Total loans/leases grew 8% on an annualized basis, when adding back the impact from the runoff of m2 loans and leases during the first three months of 2026. The mix of the loan/lease classes within the Company's loan/lease portfolio is presented in the following table:

As of

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

(dollars in thousands)

C&I - revolving*

$

376,284

 

5

%  

$

384,656

 

5

%  

$

388,479

 

6

%

C&I - other

1,296,273

18

%  

1,318,866

18

%  

1,444,119

21

%

CRE - owner occupied

588,098

8

%  

577,352

8

%  

599,488

9

%

CRE - non-owner occupied

1,000,673

14

%  

1,036,655

15

%  

1,040,281

15

%

Construction and land development*

1,301,630

18

%  

1,308,422

18

%  

1,419,208

21

%

Multi-family*

 

1,937,922

 

27

%  

 

1,769,331

 

25

%  

 

1,178,299

 

17

%

Direct financing leases

 

7,947

 

-

%  

 

9,533

 

-

%  

 

14,773

 

-

%

1-4 family real estate

 

618,973

 

8

%  

 

603,683

 

9

%  

 

592,127

 

9

%

Consumer

 

157,700

 

2

%  

 

158,457

 

2

%  

 

146,393

 

2

%

Total loans/leases

$

7,285,500

 

100

%  

$

7,166,955

 

100

%  

$

6,823,167

 

100

%

Less allowance

 

(85,459)

 

 

(90,127)

 

  ​

(90,354)

 

  ​

Net loans/leases

$

7,200,041

$

7,076,828

$

6,732,813

*     As of March 31, 2026, there were LIHTC multi-family loans held for sale in preparation for securitization totaling $315.6 million and C&I – other loans and construction loans totaling $129.6 million and $77.7 million, respectively, held for sale in preparation for a LIHTC loan sale.  There were no loans held for sale in preparation for securitization or LIHTC loan sales at December 31, 2025 or March 31, 2025. All loans held for sale are performing and pass rated.

CRE loans are predominantly included within the CRE – owner occupied, CRE – non-owner occupied, construction and land development and multi-family loan classes, however, CRE loans can also be included in 1-4 family based on nature of the loan. As CRE loans have historically been the Company's largest portfolio segment, management places a strong emphasis on the underwriting and monitoring of the characteristics and composition of the Company's CRE loan portfolio. For example, management tracks the level of owner-occupied CRE loans relative to non-owner-occupied loans because owner-occupied loans are generally considered to have less risk. Additionally, the Company reviews CRE concentrations by industry in relation to risk-based capital on a quarterly basis. At March 31, 2026, approximately 47% of the CRE loan portfolio consisted of LIHTC loans, all of which are performing and all of which are pass rated.

Historically, the Company structures most residential real estate loans to conform to the underwriting requirements of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to allow the subsidiary banks to resell the loans on the secondary market to avoid the interest rate risk associated with longer term fixed rate loans and to recognize noninterest income from the gain on sale. Loans originated for this purpose were classified as held for sale and are included in the residential real estate loans in the table above. Historically, the subsidiary banks structure most loans that will not conform to the underwriting requirements of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae as adjustable-rate mortgages that mature or adjust in one to five years, and then retain these loans in their respective portfolios. The Company also holds 15-year fixed rate residential real estate loans originated in prior years that met certain credit guidelines. The Company has not originated any subprime, Alt-A, no documentation, or stated income residential real estate loans throughout its history.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The following is a listing of significant industries within the Company's CRE loan portfolio.  These include loans in the following portfolio segments as of March 31, 2026:  CRE owner occupied, CRE non-owner occupied, certain construction and land development, multifamily and certain 1-4 family real estate. Within the CRE Loan portfolio, there is a low amount of office exposure, totaling $229.3 million or 3.1% of total loans at March 31, 2026.

As of March 31, 

As of December 31,

 

As of March 31, 

 

2026

2025

2025

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

(dollars in thousands)

Lessors of residential buildings - LIHTC

$

2,304,765

 

47

%  

$

2,196,023

 

46

%  

$

1,936,708

 

44

%  

Lessors of nonresidential buildings

693,826

 

14

%  

712,429

 

15

%  

683,846

 

15

%  

Lessors of residential buildings - non LIHTC

504,216

10

%  

481,979

10

%

499,645

11

%  

Hotels

 

190,472

 

4

%  

 

182,383

 

4

%  

 

136,990

 

3

%  

New housing for-sale builders

93,169

2

%  

89,011

2

%  

68,617

2

%  

Other *

 

1,157,682

 

23

%  

 

1,129,364

 

23

%  

 

1,126,551

 

25

%  

Other - LIHTC

5,728

-

%  

9,167

-

%

1,447

-

%  

Total CRE loans

$

4,949,858

100

%

$

4,800,356

100

%

$

4,453,804

100

%

*     “Other” consists of all other industries. None of these had concentrations greater than $62.6 million, or approximately 1.3% of total CRE loans in the most recent period presented.

The following table reflects credit quality indicators and performance of the Company’s CRE loan portfolio:

As of March 31, 

As of December 31,

As of March 31, 

2026

2025

2025

Delinquency Status*

% of

Delinquency Status*

% of

Delinquency Status*

% of

Performing

Nonperforming

Total

CRE

Performing

Nonperforming

Total

CRE

Performing

Nonperforming

Total

CRE

(dollars in thousands)

Pass

$

4,870,668

$

$

4,870,668

98

%  

$

4,729,162

$

37

$

4,729,199

98

%  

$

4,366,351

$

350

$

4,366,701

98

%  

Special Mention

40,790

40,790

1

%  

34,712

34,712

1

%  

35,017

35,017

1

%  

Substandard

26,793

11,607

38,400

1

%  

26,923

9,522

36,445

1

%  

42,652

9,434

52,086

1

%  

Doubtful

 

 

 

0

%  

 

 

 

0

%  

 

 

 

0

%  

$

4,938,251

$

11,607

$

4,949,858

100

%  

$

4,790,797

$

9,559

$

4,800,356

100

%  

$

4,444,020

$

9,784

$

4,453,804

100

%  

As a percentage of total CRE portfolio

99.77

%  

0.23

%  

100

%  

99.80

%

0.20

%  

100

%  

99.78

%

0.22

%  

100

%  

*     Performing = CRE loans accruing and less than 90 days past due. Nonperforming = CRE loans on nonaccrual and accruing CRE loans that are greater than or equal to 90 days past due.

The Company’s construction and land development loan portfolio includes the following:

As of

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

Amount

%

Amount

%

Amount

%

(dollars in thousands)

LIHTC construction

$

693,591

 

53

%  

$

741,531

 

56

%  

$

1,016,207

 

72

%  

Construction (commercial)

532,039

41

%  

486,156

37

%  

316,916

22

%  

Land development

69,107

5

%  

73,732

6

%  

78,550

6

%  

Construction (non-commercial residential)

6,893

1

%  

7,003

1

%  

7,535

%  

Total construction and land development

$

1,301,630

100

%

$

1,308,422

100

%

$

1,419,208

100

%

The Company's 1-4 family real estate loan portfolio includes the following:

Certain loans that do not meet the criteria for sale into the secondary market. These are often structured as adjustable rate mortgages with maturities ranging from three to seven years to avoid long-term interest rate risk.
A limited amount of 15-year, 20-year and 30-year fixed rate residential real estate loans that meet certain credit guidelines.

The remaining 1-4 family real estate loans originated by the Company were sold on the secondary market to avoid the interest rate risk associated with longer term fixed rate loans and to recognize noninterest income from the gain on sale. Loans originated for this purpose were classified as held for sale and are included in the residential real estate loans above.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

Following is a listing of significant equipment types within the m2 loan and lease portfolio:

As of March 31, 

As of December 31, 

As of March 31, 

2026

2025

2025

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

 

(dollars in thousands)

Trucks, Vans and Vocational Vehicles

$

36,893

 

23

%  

$

43,097

 

23

%  

$

65,197

 

23

%

Construction - General

13,083

 

8

%  

15,105

 

8

%  

22,700

 

8

%

Computer Equipment

9,458

6

%  

10,505

6

%  

15,052

5

%

Trailers

8,998

 

6

%  

10,613

 

6

%  

17,267

 

6

%

Tractor

8,882

6

%  

10,465

6

%  

15,849

5

%

Marine - Travelifts

8,407

 

5

%  

9,068

 

5

%  

11,556

 

4

%

Food Processing Equipment

8,324

 

5

%  

9,431

 

5

%  

13,920

 

5

%

Manufacturing - General

7,180

 

4

%  

8,472

 

5

%  

13,405

 

5

%

Manufacturing - CNC

4,633

3

%  

5,506

3

%  

7,695

3

%

Freightliners

4,422

3

%  

5,602

3

%  

11,231

4

%

Concrete Equipment

4,281

3

%  

4,662

2

%  

5,897

2

%

Forklifts

4,037

3

%  

4,507

2

%  

6,147

2

%

Other *

42,277

 

25

%  

50,607

 

26

%  

79,067

 

28

%

Total m2 loans and leases

$

160,875

 

100

%  

$

187,640

 

100

%  

$

284,983

 

100

%

 

 

 

*     “Other” consists of all other equipment types. None of these had concentrations greater than 3% of total m2 loan and lease portfolio in the most recent period presented.

See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's loan and lease portfolio.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS/LEASES AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET EXPOSURES

The adequacy of the ACL was determined by management based on numerous factors, including the overall composition of the loan/lease portfolio, types of loans/leases, historical loss experience, loan/lease delinquencies, potential substandard and doubtful credits, economic conditions, collateral positions, government guarantees and other factors that, in management's judgment, deserved evaluation. To ensure that an adequate ACL was maintained, provisions were made based on a number of factors, including the increase in loans/leases and a detailed analysis of the loan/lease portfolio. The loan/lease portfolio is reviewed and analyzed quarterly with specific detailed reviews completed on all credits risk-rated less than “fair quality,” and carrying aggregate exposure in excess of $250 thousand. The adequacy of the allowance is monitored by the credit administration staff and reported to management and the board of directors.

Changes in the ACL for loans/leases for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are presented as follows:

Three Months Ended

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Balance, beginning

$

90,127

$

89,841

Change in ACL for the transfer of loans to LHFS

(3,450)

Provision

 

2,688

 

4,743

Charge-offs

 

(4,447)

 

(4,944)

Recoveries

 

541

 

714

Balance, ending

$

85,459

$

90,354

Changes in the ACL for OBS exposures for the three ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are presented as follows:

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Balance, beginning

$

7,138

$

8,273

Provisions (credited) to expense

(234)

(509)

Balance, ending

$

6,904

$

7,764

The Company recorded a negative provision on credit losses related to OBS exposures in the first quarter of 2026 of $234 thousand. The balance primarily fluctuates with changes in the balance of unfunded commitments. At March 31, 2026, the allowance for OBS exposures was $6.9 million.

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Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

The Company's levels of criticized and classified loans are reported in the following table:

As of

Internally Assigned Risk Rating *

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

 

(dollars in thousands)

Special Mention

 

$

82,819

 

$

74,765

$

55,327

Substandard/Classified loans***

 

63,491

 

64,142

85,033

Doubtful/Classified loans***

 

 

Criticized Loans **

 

$

146,310

 

$

138,907

$

140,360

Criticized Loans as a % of Total Loans/Leases

2.01

%

1.94

%

2.06

%

Classified Loans as a % of Total Loans/Leases

0.87

%

0.89

%

1.25

%

*      Amounts above include the government guaranteed portion, if any. For the calculation of ACL, the Company assigns internal risk ratings of Pass (Rating 2) for the government guaranteed portion.

**    Criticized loans are defined as loans except for direct financing leases and equipment financing agreements with internally assigned risk ratings of 9, 10, or 11, regardless of performance.

***  Classified loans are defined as loans except for direct financing leases and equipment financing agreements with internally assigned risk ratings of 10 or 11, regardless of performance.

Criticized loans as a percentage of loans and leases increased 5% while classified loans as a percentage of loans and leases decreased 1% from December 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026 due to certain large loans that were paid off. The Company continues its strong focus on improving credit quality in an effort to limit NPLs.

The following table summarizes the trend in allowance as a percentage of gross loans/leases and as a percentage of NPLs:

As of

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

ACL for loans/leases / Total loans/leases held for investment

 

1.26

%  

1.26

%  

1.32

%

ACL for loans/leases / NPLs

 

204.16

%  

213.08

%  

189.76

%

Although management believes that the ACL at March 31, 2026 was at a level adequate to absorb losses on existing loans/leases, there can be no assurance that such losses will not exceed the estimated amounts or that the Company will not be required to make additional provisions in the future. Unpredictable future events could adversely affect cash flows for both commercial and individual borrowers, which could cause the Company to experience increases in problem assets, delinquencies and losses on loans/leases, and require further increases in the provision for credit losses.  Asset quality remains a cornerstone of the Company’s strategy.  Sustainable, profitable growth depends on maintaining that quality.  The Company consistently directs focused efforts across its subsidiary banks and equipment financing company to strengthen and improve the overall loan/lease portfolio.

See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's ACL.

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NONPERFORMING ASSETS

The table below presents the amount of NPAs and related ratios:

As of

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

(dollars in thousands)

Nonaccrual loans/leases (1)

$

41,823

$

42,212

$

47,259

Accruing loans/leases past due 90 days or more

 

35

 

85

 

356

Total NPLs

 

41,858

 

42,297

 

47,615

OREO

540

540

402

Other repossessed assets

 

500

 

500

 

122

Total NPAs

$

42,898

$

43,337

$

48,139

NPLs to total loans/leases

  ​ ​ ​

 

0.57

%  

 

0.59

%  

0.70

%  

NPAs to total loans/leases plus repossessed property

 

0.59

%  

 

0.60

%  

0.71

%  

NPAs to total assets

 

0.45

%  

 

0.45

%  

0.53

%  

Nonaccrual loans/leases to total loans/leases

0.57

%

0.59

%

0.69

%  

ACL to nonaccrual loans

 

204.33

%  

 

213.51

%  

191.19

%  

(1)Includes government guaranteed portion of loans, as applicable.

NPAs at March 31, 2026 were $42.9 million, a decrease of $439 thousand from December 31, 2025, and a decrease of $5.2 million from March 31, 2025.  The ratio of NPAs to total assets was 0.45% at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and a decrease from 0.53% at March 31, 2025.

The majority of the NPAs consist of nonaccrual loans/leases. For nonaccrual loans/leases, management has thoroughly reviewed these loans/leases and has provided specific allowances as appropriate.

OREO and other repossessed assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

The policy of the Company is to place a loan/lease on nonaccrual status if: (a) payment in full of interest or principal is not expected; or (b) principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the obligation is both in the process of collection and well secured.  A loan/lease is well secured if it is secured by collateral with sufficient market value to repay principal and all accrued interest. A debt is in the process of collection if collection of the debt is proceeding in due course either through legal action, including judgment enforcement procedures, or in appropriate circumstances, through collection efforts not involving legal action which are reasonably expected to result in repayment of the debt or in its restoration to current status.

The Company's lending/leasing practices remain unchanged and asset quality remains a top priority for management.

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DEPOSITS

Total deposits increased by $356.7 million during the first quarter of 2026.

The table below presents the composition of the Company's deposit portfolio:

As of

 

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

 

March 31, 2025

 

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

%

(dollars in thousands)

 

Noninterest bearing demand deposits

$

987,514

 

13

%  

$

950,977

 

13

%  

$

963,851

 

13

%

Interest bearing demand deposits

 

5,629,924

 

72

%  

 

5,190,974

 

70

%  

 

5,119,601

 

70

%

Time deposits

 

968,914

 

12

%  

 

1,035,317

 

14

%  

 

951,606

 

13

%

Brokered deposits

 

184,498

 

2

%  

 

236,930

 

3

%  

 

302,332

 

4

%

$

7,770,850

 

100

%  

$

7,414,198

 

100

%  

$

7,337,390

 

100

%

The Company actively participates in the ICS/CDARS program, a trusted resource that provides FDIC insurance coverage for clients that maintain larger deposit balances.  Deposits in the ICS/CDARS program (which are included in interest-bearing deposits and time deposits in the preceding table) totaled $2.6 billion, or 33.1% of all deposits, as of March 31, 2026.

The Company’s correspondent bank deposit portfolio and funds managed consists of the following:

Noninterest-bearing deposits which represent correspondent banks’ operating cash used for processing transactions with the Federal Reserve,
Money market deposits which represent excess liquidity, and
EBA balances of the correspondent banks at the FRB.

The Company had total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits of $1.9 billion and $1.6 billion as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Management will continue to focus on growing its core deposit portfolio, including its correspondent banking business at QCBT, as well as shifting the mix from brokered and other higher cost deposits to lower cost core deposits. With the significant success achieved by QCBT in growing its correspondent banking business, QCBT has developed procedures to proactively monitor this industry concentration of deposits and loans. Other deposit-related industry concentrations and large accounts are monitored by the internal asset liability management committees.

BORROWINGS

The subsidiary banks purchase federal funds for short-term funding needs from the FRB or from their correspondent banks. The table below presents the composition of the Company's short-term borrowings:

As of

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

 

(dollars in thousands)

Federal funds purchased

$

1,950

$

2,650

$

2,050

The Company's federal funds purchased fluctuate based on the short-term funding needs of the Company's subsidiary banks.  

As a result of their memberships in the FHLB of Des Moines, the subsidiary banks have the ability to borrow funds for short or long-term purposes under a variety of programs. The subsidiary banks can utilize FHLB advances for loan

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matching as a hedge against the possibility of changing interest rates and when these advances provide a less costly or more readily available source of funds than customer deposits.  

The table below presents the Company's FHLB advances as of the periods indicated:

As of

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

 

(dollars in thousands)

Term FHLB advances

 

$

10,609

$

10,383

 

$

145,383

Overnight FHLB advances

15,000

235,000

 

$

25,609

$

245,383

 

$

145,383

 

The Company had a decrease in overnight FHLB advances of $220.0 million from December 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026.  The decrease was primarily due to strong deposit growth resulting in lower overnight FHLB funding needs during the first quarter of 2026.  

It is management's intention to reduce its reliance on wholesale funding, including FHLB advances and brokered deposits. Replacement of this funding with core deposits helps to reduce interest expense as wholesale funding tends to be higher cost. However, the Company may choose to utilize advances and/or brokered deposits to supplement funding needs, as this is a way for the Company to effectively and efficiently manage interest rate risk.

The table below presents the maturity schedule including weighted average interest cost for the Company's combined wholesale funding portfolio (defined as FHLB advances and brokered deposits):

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

 

 

Weighted

 

Weighted

 

Average

 

Average

Maturity:

  ​ ​ ​

Amount Due

  ​ ​ ​

Interest Rate

  ​ ​ ​

Amount Due

  ​ ​ ​

Interest Rate

 

(dollars in thousands)

Year ending December 31:

2026

$

48,034

4.01

%  

$

320,520

4.02

%

2027

 

42,363

4.05

 

42,348

4.05

2028

52,538

3.99

52,519

3.99

2029

66,946

3.30

66,926

3.30

2030

 

 

Thereafter

226

0.00

Total Wholesale Funding

 

$

210,107

3.79

%  

$

482,313

3.92

%

 

During the first three months of 2026, wholesale funding decreased $272.2 million due to deposit growth.

The Company renewed its revolving credit note in the second quarter of 2025.  At renewal, the available amount under the line of credit increased from $50.0 million to $60.0 million for which there was no outstanding balance as of March 31, 2026.  Interest on the revolving line of credit is calculated at the greater of: (a) the effective Prime Rate less 0.50%, or (b) 3.00% per annum.  The collateral on the revolving line of credit is 100% of the outstanding stock of each of the Company’s bank subsidiaries.  

The Company had other borrowings totaling $107.5 million as of March 31, 2026. In August 2025, the Company pledged a portion of its HTM municipal securities in exchange for term borrowings through a repurchase agreement. The repurchase agreements are reported as secured borrowings as we maintain effective control of the financed assets.  There were no other borrowings as of March 31, 2026.  

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The Company had subordinated notes totaling $234.2 million and $233.6 million as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The Company had junior subordinated debentures totaling $49.0 million and $48.9 million as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

The table below presents the composition of the Company's stockholders' equity:

As of

 

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2025

 

(dollars in thousands)

 

Common stock

$

16,496

$

16,691

$

16,920

Additional paid in capital

 

368,522

 

372,851

 

375,111

Retained earnings

 

789,909

 

773,353

 

689,953

AOCI

 

(52,463)

 

(50,584)

 

(59,237)

Total stockholders' equity

$

1,122,464

$

1,112,311

$

1,022,747

TCE / TA ratio (non-GAAP)*

 

10.31

%  

 

10.33

%  

 

9.78

%

*     TCE/TA ratio is defined as total common stockholders' equity excluding goodwill and other intangibles divided by total assets. This ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations.

As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, no preferred stock was outstanding.

On October 20, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time as the Company deems appropriate, of up to 1,700,000 shares of its common stock, or approximately 10% of the outstanding shares as of September 30, 2025. The new share repurchase program does not have an expiration date. The share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares of its common stock, and other than repurchases that have been completed to date, there is no assurance that the Company will do so. Under the share repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares of common stock from time to time in open market or privately negotiated transactions. The number, timing and price of shares repurchased will depend on a number of factors, including business and market conditions, regulatory requirements, availability of funds,  and other factors, including opportunities to deploy the Company's capital. The Company may, in its discretion, begin, suspend or terminate repurchases at any time prior to the program’s expiration, without any prior notice.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity measures the ability of the Company to meet maturing obligations and its existing commitments, to withstand fluctuations in deposit levels, to fund its operations, and to provide for customer credit needs. The Company monitors liquidity risk through contingency planning stress testing on a regular basis. The Company seeks to avoid an over-concentration of funding sources and to establish and maintain contingent funding facilities that can be drawn upon if normal funding sources become unavailable. One source of liquidity is cash and short-term assets, such as interest-bearing deposits in other banks and federal funds sold, which totaled $119.3 million and $262.9 million at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company’s on-balance sheet liquidity position can fluctuate based on short-term activity in deposits and loans.

The subsidiary banks have a variety of sources of short-term liquidity available to them, including federal funds purchased from correspondent banks, FHLB advances, wholesale structured repurchase agreements, brokered deposits, lines of credit, borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window, sales of securities AFS, and loan/lease participations or sales. The Company also generates liquidity from the regular principal payments and prepayments made on its loan/lease portfolio and on the regular monthly payments on its securities portfolio.

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At March 31, 2026, the subsidiary banks had 26 lines of credit totaling $918.7 million with upstream correspondent banks, of which $477.9 million was secured and $440.8 million was unsecured. At March 31, 2026, the Company had the full $918.7 million available under these lines of credit.

At December 31, 2025, the subsidiary banks had 26 lines of credit totaling $930.7 million, of which $489.9 million was secured and $440.8 million was unsecured. At December 31, 2025, $930.7 million was available under these lines of credit.

The Company has emphasized growing the number and amount of available lines of credit in an effort to strengthen this contingent source of liquidity. Additionally, the Company maintains a $60.0 million secured revolving credit note with a variable interest rate and a maturity of June 30, 2026.  At March 31, 2026, the full $60.0 million was available.  

As of March 31, 2026, the Company had $1.4 billion in actual correspondent banking deposits spread over 190 relationships. While the Company believes that these funds are relatively stable, there is the potential for large fluctuations that can impact liquidity. Seasonality and the liquidity needs of these correspondent banks can impact balances. Management closely monitors these fluctuations and runs stress scenarios to measure the impact on liquidity and interest rate risk with various levels of correspondent deposit run-off.

Investing activities used cash of $115.3 million during the first three months of 2026, compared to $123.5 million for the same period of 2025. The net decrease in federal funds sold was $22.2 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to a net decrease of $18.3 million for the same period of 2025. The net decrease in interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions was $8.1 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to a net increase of $73.4 million for the same period of 2025. Proceeds from calls, maturities, and paydowns of securities were $16.9 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to $24.0 million for the same period of 2025. Purchases of securities used cash of $33.8 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to $48.3 million for the same period of 2025. There were no proceeds from the sale of securities for the first three months of 2026 and 2025. The net increase in loans/leases used cash of $125.6 million for the first three months of 2026 compared to a net increase in loans of $41.5 million for the same period of 2025.

Financing activities provided cash of $114.4 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to $134.3 million for same period of 2025.  Net increases in deposits totaled $356.7 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to net increases in deposits of $276.2 million for the same period of 2025. During the first three months of 2026, the Company's short-term borrowings decreased $700 thousand compared to an increase in short-term borrowings of $250 thousand for the same period of 2025. Net decrease in overnight advances totaled $220.0 million for the first three months of 2026 as compared to net decrease of $140.0 million for the same period of 2025. Repurchase and cancellation of shares in the first three months of 2026 totaled $20.8 million, as compared to no repurchase and cancellation of shares in the first three months of 2025.

Total cash provided by operating activities was $4.4 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to net cash used by operating activities of $3.6 million for the same period of 2025.

Throughout its history, the Company has secured additional capital through various sources, including the issuance of common and preferred stock, as well as trust preferred securities and subordinated notes.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the subsidiary banks remained “well-capitalized” in accordance with regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking authorities. Refer to Note 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding regulatory capital.

SPECIAL NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document (including information incorporated by reference) contains, and future oral and written statements of the Company and its management may contain, forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  The Company

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intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of the Company. Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of the Company's management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “bode,” “predict,” “suggest,”  “project,” “appear,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “annualize,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “likely,” “might,” “potential,” “continue,” “annualized,” “target,” “outlook,” as well as the negative forms of those words or other similar expressions. Additionally, all statements in this document, including forward-looking statements, speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events.

Forward-looking statements are not historical facts but instead represent management’s current expectations and forecasts regarding future events, many of which are inherently uncertain and outside of our control. Actual results may differ, possibly materially, from those currently expected or projected in these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated or implied by forward-looking statements. A number of factors, many of which are beyond the ability of the Company to control or predict, could cause actual results to differ materially from those in its forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to:

The strength of the local, state, national and international economies and financial markets, including effects of inflationary pressures, global energy market conditions, the threat or implementation of tariffs, immigration enforcement and changes in foreign policy.
Changes in, and the interpretation and prioritization of, local, state and federal laws, regulations and governmental policies, including executive orders.
The economic impact of any future terrorist threats and attacks, widespread disease or pandemics, military conflicts, acts of war or threats thereof (including the Russian invasion of Ukraine and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East), or other adverse events that could cause economic deterioration or instability in credit markets, and the response of the local, state and national governments to any such adverse external events.
New or revised accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies, the FASB, the SEC or the PCAOB.
The imposition of tariffs or other governmental policies impacting the value of products produced by the Company’s commercial borrowers.
Increased competition in the financial services sector, including from non-bank competitors such as credit unions, private credit firms, fintech companies, and digital asset service providers, and the inability to attract new customers.
Rapid technological changes implemented by us and our third-party vendors, including the development and implementation of tools incorporating artificial intelligence.
Unexpected results of acquisitions, including failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisitions and the possibility that transaction and integration costs may be greater than anticipated.
The loss of key executives and employees, talent shortages and employee turnover.
Changes in consumer spending.
Unexpected outcomes and costs of existing or new litigation or other legal proceedings and regulatory actions involving the Company.
The economic impact on the Company and its customers of climate change, natural disasters and exceptional weather occurrences such as tornadoes, floods and blizzards.

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Fluctuations in the value of securities held in our securities portfolio, including as a result of changes in interest rates.
Credit risk and risks from concentrations (by type of borrower, geographic area, collateral  and industry) within our loan portfolio and large loans to certain borrowers (including CRE loans).
The overall health of the local and national real estate market.
The ability to maintain an adequate level of allowance for credit losses on loans.
The concentration of large deposits from certain clients who have balances above current FDIC insurance limits and who may withdraw deposits to diversify their exposure.
The ability to successfully manage liquidity risk, which may increase dependence on non-core funding sources such as brokered deposits, and may negatively impact the Company’s cost of funds.
The level of non-performing assets on our balance sheet.
Interruptions involving our information technology and communications systems or third-party servicers.
The occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of the Company’s or our third-party vendors’ information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents, including as a result of sophisticated attacks using artificial intelligence and similar tools or as a result of insider fraud.
Changes in the interest rates and repayment rates of the Company’s assets.
The effectiveness of our risk management framework.
The ability of the Company to manage the risks associated with the foregoing.

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. For a discussion of the factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, see the “Risk Factors” section included under Item 1A. of Part I of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

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QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company, like other financial institutions, is subject to direct and indirect market risk. Direct market risk exists from changes in interest rates. The Company's net income is dependent on its net interest income. Net interest income is susceptible to interest rate risk to the degree that interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice on a different basis than interest-earning assets. When interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than interest-earning assets in a given period, a significant increase in market rates of interest could adversely affect net interest income. Similarly, when interest-earning assets mature or reprice more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could result in a decrease in net interest income.

In an attempt to manage the Company's exposure to changes in interest rates, management monitors the Company's interest rate risk. Each subsidiary bank has an asset/liability management committee of the board of directors that meets quarterly to review the bank's interest rate risk position and profitability, and to make or recommend adjustments for consideration by the full board of each bank.

Internal asset/liability management teams, consisting of members of the subsidiary banks’ management, meet bi-weekly to manage the mix of assets and liabilities to maximize earnings and liquidity and minimize interest rate and other risks. Management also reviews the subsidiary banks' securities portfolios, formulates investment strategies, and oversees the timing and implementation of transactions to assure attainment of the board's objectives in an effective manner. Notwithstanding the Company's interest rate risk management activities, the potential for changing interest rates is an uncertainty that can have an adverse effect on net income.

In adjusting the Company's asset/liability position, the board of directors and management attempt to manage the Company's interest rate risk while maintaining or enhancing net interest margins. At times, depending on the level of general interest rates, the relationship between long-term and short-term interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors, the board of directors and management may decide to increase the Company's interest rate risk position somewhat in order to increase its net interest margin. The Company's results of operations and net portfolio values remain vulnerable to increases in interest rates and to fluctuations in the difference between long-term and short-term interest rates.

One method used to quantify interest rate risk is a short-term earnings at risk summary, which is a detailed and dynamic simulation model used to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. This simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest sensitive assets and liabilities reflected on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. This sensitivity analysis demonstrates net interest income exposure annually over a five-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth, no balance sheet mix change, and various interest rate scenarios including no change in rates; 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis point upward and downward shifts; where interest-bearing assets and liabilities reprice at their earliest possible repricing date.

The model assumes parallel and pro rata shifts in interest rates over a twelve-month period for the 100, 200 and 300 basis point upward and downward shifts. For the 400 basis point upward shift, the model assumes a parallel and pro rata shift in interest rates over a twenty-four month period.

Further, in recent years, the Company added additional interest rate scenarios where interest rates experience a parallel and instantaneous shift (a “shock”) upward and downward of 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points. The Company will run additional interest rate scenarios on an as-needed basis.

The asset/liability management committees of the subsidiary bank boards of directors have established policy limits of a 10% decline in net interest income for the 200-basis point upward and downward parallel shift. For the 300 basis point upward and downward shock, the established policy limit is a 30% decline in net interest income.  The increased policy limit is appropriate as the shock scenario is extreme and unlikely and warrants a higher limit than the more realistic and traditional parallel/pro-rata shift scenarios.

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Application of the simulation model analysis for select interest rate scenarios at the most recent quarter-end available is presented in the following table:

NET INTEREST INCOME EXPOSURE IN YEAR 1

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

As of March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

As of December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

INTEREST RATE SCENARIO

POLICY LIMIT

 

2026

 

2025

 

300 basis point downward parallel shock

(30.0)

%

2.3

%

0.9

%

200 basis point downward parallel shift

(10.0)

%

0.7

%

0.5

%

200 basis point upward parallel shift

 

(10.0)

%  

(1.0)

%  

(0.6)

%  

300 basis point upward parallel shock

 

(30.0)

%  

(3.8)

%  

(1.9)

%  

With the shift in funding from non-interest bearing and lower beta deposits to higher beta deposits, the Company’s balance sheet is now moderately liability sensitive. Notably, management is conservative with the repricing assumptions on loans and deposits.  For example, management does not model any delay in loan and deposit betas despite historical experience and practice of delays in deposit betas. Additionally, management does not model mix shift or growth in its standard scenarios which can be impactful.  As an alternative, management runs separate scenarios to capture the impact on delayed beta performance and various shifts in mix of loans and deposits. Finally, management models a variety of scenarios including some that stress key assumptions to help capture and isolate the impact of the management’s more conservative approach to the assumptions in the base model.

The simulation is within the board-established policy limits for all four scenarios. Additionally, for all of the various interest rate scenarios modeled and measured by management (as described above), the results at March 31, 2026 were within established risk tolerances as established by policy or by best practice (if the interest rate scenario didn't have a specific policy limit).

Interest rate risk is considered to be one of the most significant market risks affecting the Company. For that reason, the Company engages the assistance of a national consulting firm and its risk management system to monitor and control the Company's interest rate risk exposure. Other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of the Company's business activities.

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Part I

Item 4

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, 2026. Based on that evaluation, the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report, to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed and submitted under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have been no significant changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1           Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to their respective businesses.

Item 1A        Risk Factors

Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes in the risk factors applicable to the Company from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.  Please refer to that section of the Company’s Form 10-K for disclosures regarding the other risks and uncertainties related to the Company’s business.  

Litigation and regulatory actions could subject the Company to significant fines, penalties, judgments or other requirements resulting in increased expenses or restrictions on the Company’s business activities.

The Company’s business is subject to increased litigation and regulatory risks because of a number of factors, including the highly regulated nature of the financial services industry and the focus of state and federal prosecutors on banks and the financial services industry generally. This focus has only intensified in recent years, with regulators and prosecutors focusing on a variety of financial institution practices and requirements, including foreclosure practices, compliance with applicable consumer protection laws, classification of “held for sale” assets and compliance with anti-money laundering statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act and sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

In the normal course of business, from time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries have in the past and may in the future be named as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with their current or prior business activities. Legal actions could include claims for substantial compensatory or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. The outcomes of legal actions such as these are unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties, and it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even possible. It is also inherently difficult to estimate the amount of any loss and there may be matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible but not currently estimable. Accordingly, actual losses may be in excess of any estimates, established accruals or the range of reasonably possible losses. It is possible that the ultimate resolution of any such matter, if unfavorable, may be material to the Company’s results of operations for any particular period. Any exposure of the Company to significant financial liability or reputational harm may adversely impact demand for the Company’s products and services or otherwise have a material adverse effect on its reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. For example, CSB was named as a defendant in a proposed class action lawsuit with respect to overdraft fees. Additional information regarding this litigation is included in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 2           Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On October 20, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time as the Company deems appropriate, of up to 1,700,000 shares of its common stock, or approximately 10% of the outstanding shares as of September 30, 2025. The new share repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

Total number of shares

Maximum number

 

purchased as part of

of shares that may still

  ​ ​ ​

Total number of

Average price

publicly announced

be purchased under

 

Period

shares purchased

 

paid per share

 

plans or programs

 

the plans or programs

January 1-31, 2026

36,069

86.10

185,525

1,514,475

February 1-28, 2026

29,576

90.28

215,101

1,484,899

March 1-31, 2026

181,644

83.68

396,745

1,303,255

Item 3           Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4           Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5           Other Information

During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2026, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule10b5-1(c) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

Part II

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6           Exhibits

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101

Inline XBRL Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the

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three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

104

Inline XBRL cover page interactive data file pursuant to Rule 406 of Regulation S-T for the interactive data files referenced in Exhibit 101.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

QCR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Registrant)

Date

May 8, 2026

/s/ Todd A. Gipple

Todd A. Gipple

President & Chief Executive Officer

Date

May 8, 2026

/s/ Nick W. Anderson

Nick W. Anderson

Chief Financial Officer

Date

May 8, 2026

/s/ Brittany N. Whitfield

Brittany N. Whitfield

Chief Accounting Officer

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