The International Business Machines Corporation is an American IT and consulting company based in Armonk, New York. IBM is one of the world's leading companies for hardware, software and services in the IT sector and one of the largest consulting companies.
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10 - Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2011
1-2360
(Commission file number)
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New York
13-0871985
(State of incorporation)
(IRS employer identification number)
Armonk, New York
10504
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
914-499-1900
(Registrant’s telephone number)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section l3 or l5(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding l2 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The registrant has 1,194,278,216 shares of common stock outstanding at June 30, 2011.
Index
Page
Part I - Financial Information:
3
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010
4
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
74
Part II - Other Information:
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
75
Item 5. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
2
Part I - Financial Information
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)
2011
2010
Revenue:
Services
$
15,246
13,824
29,942
27,629
Sales
10,894
9,349
20,281
17,857
Financing
526
550
1,050
1,095
Total revenue
26,666
23,724
51,273
46,581
Cost:
10,315
9,328
20,431
18,712
3,698
3,313
7,088
6,537
269
273
511
546
Total cost
14,282
12,915
28,030
25,795
Gross profit
12,385
10,809
23,243
20,785
Expense and other income:
Selling, general and administrative
6,030
5,061
11,856
10,737
Research, development and engineering
1,569
1,475
3,156
2,984
Intellectual property and custom development income
(295
)
(297
(557
(558
Other (income) and expense
97
(95
(105
(640
Interest expense
90
190
172
Total expense and other income
7,500
6,234
14,541
12,695
Income before income taxes
4,885
4,575
8,702
8,090
Provision for income taxes
1,221
1,190
2,175
2,103
Net income
3,664
3,386
6,526
5,987
Earnings per share of common stock:
Assuming dilution
3.00
2.61
5.30
4.57
Basic
3.04
2.65
5.38
4.64
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: (millions)
1,221.4
1,296.7
1,230.7
1,309.2
1,204.8
1,278.6
1,213.5
1,289.9
Cash dividend per common share
0.75
0.65
1.40
1.20
(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)
(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(UNAUDITED)
ASSETS
(Dollars in millions)
At June 30, 2011
At December 31, 2010
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
11,714
10,661
Marketable securities
50
990
Notes and accounts receivable — trade (net of allowances of $305 in 2011 and $324 in 2010)
10,539
10,834
Short-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $286 in 2011 and $342 in 2010)
14,715
16,257
Other accounts receivable (net of allowances of $12 in 2011 and $10 in 2010)
1,127
1,134
Inventories, at lower of average cost or market:
Finished goods
560
432
Work in process and raw materials
2,013
2,018
Total inventories
2,573
2,450
Deferred taxes
1,557
1,564
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
4,662
4,226
Total current assets
46,937
48,116
Plant, rental machines and other property
41,126
40,289
Less: Accumulated depreciation
26,887
26,193
Plant, rental machines and other property — net
14,239
14,096
Long-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $40 in 2011 and $58 in 2010)
10,422
10,548
Prepaid pension assets
4,855
3,068
2,877
3,220
Goodwill
25,609
25,136
Intangible assets — net
3,205
3,488
Investments and sundry assets
5,329
5,778
Total assets
113,474
113,452
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION — (CONTINUED)
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Taxes
2,363
4,216
Short-term debt
7,858
6,778
Accounts payable
7,112
7,804
Compensation and benefits
4,706
5,028
Deferred income
12,660
11,580
Other accrued expenses and liabilities
5,144
5,156
Total current liabilities
39,843
40,562
Long-term debt
21,915
21,846
Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations
16,014
15,978
3,641
3,666
Other liabilities
8,851
8,226
Total liabilities
90,263
90,279
Equity:
IBM stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, and additional paid-in capital
46,975
45,418
Shares authorized: 4,687,500,000
Shares issued:
2011 – 2,175,594,604
2010 – 2,161,800,054
Retained earnings
97,334
92,532
Treasury stock - at cost
(104,073
(96,161
Shares:
2011 – 981,316,389
2010 – 933,806,510
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
(17,109
(18,743
Total IBM stockholders’ equity
23,127
23,046
Noncontrolling interests
84
126
Total equity
23,210
23,172
Total liabilities and equity
5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30,
Cash flow from operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided from operating activities:
Depreciation
1,816
1,823
Amortization of intangibles
619
570
Stock-based compensation
332
320
Net (gain)/loss on asset sales and other
(383
(590
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures
(839
93
Net cash provided by operating activities
8,071
8,203
Cash flow from investing activities:
Payments for plant, rental machines and other property, net of proceeds from dispositions
(1,724
(1,586
Investment in software
(285
(287
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
(159
(1,009
Divestiture of businesses, net of cash transferred
0
Non-operating finance receivables — net
477
282
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments
(774
(3,883
Proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments
2,375
3,838
Net cash used in investing activities
(86
(2,645
Cash flow from financing activities:
Proceeds from new debt
3,656
2,501
Payments to settle debt
(3,587
(3,744
Short-term borrowings/(repayments) less than 90 days — net
883
1,973
Common stock repurchases
(8,021
(8,121
Common stock transactions — other
1,551
1,827
Cash dividends paid
(1,700
(1,551
Net cash used in financing activities
(7,217
(7,114
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
285
(301
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
1,054
(1,858
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1
12,183
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30
10,325
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
1. Basis of Presentation: The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes of the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM or the company) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The financial statements and footnotes are unaudited. In the opinion of the company’s management, these statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present a fair statement of the company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) that are reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying disclosures. Actual results may be different. See the company’s 2010 Annual Report on pages 50 to 53 for a discussion of the company’s critical accounting estimates.
Interim results are not necessarily indicative of financial results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the company’s 2010 Annual Report.
Noncontrolling interest amounts in income of $2.1 million and $1.0 million, net of tax, for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $4.8 million and $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings within the other (income) and expense line item. Additionally, changes to noncontrolling interests which are presented in Note 9, “Equity Activity,”, on pages 27 and 28 were $(43) million and $(1) million at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Within the financial tables presented, certain columns and rows may not add due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes. Percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. This is annotated where applicable.
2. Accounting Changes: In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended disclosure requirements for the presentation of comprehensive income. The amended guidance eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income (OCI) as part of the statement of changes in equity. Under the amended guidance, all changes in OCI are to be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. The changes are effective January 1, 2012. Early application is permitted. There will be no impact to the consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to changes in financial statement presentation.
In May 2011, the FASB issued amended guidance and disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. These amendments are not expected to have a material impact to the consolidated financial results. These changes will be effective January 1, 2012 on a prospective basis. Early application is not permitted.
In December 2010, the FASB issued amended guidance to clarify the acquisition date that should be used for reporting pro-forma financial information for business combinations. If comparative financial statements are presented, the pro-forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been completed as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. The amendments in this guidance became effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date was on or after January 1, 2011. There was no impact in the consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to additional disclosures.
In December 2010, the FASB issued amendments to the guidance on goodwill impairment testing. The amendments modify Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In making that determination, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that impairment may exist. The amendments were effective January 1, 2011 and did not have a material impact in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)
In January 2011, the FASB temporarily deferred the disclosures regarding troubled debt restructurings which were included in the disclosure requirements about the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses which were issued in July 2010. In April 2011, the FASB issued additional guidance and clarifications to help creditors in determining whether a creditor has granted a concession, and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties for purposes of determining whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. The new guidance and the previously deferred disclosures are effective July 1, 2011 applied retrospectively to January 1, 2011. Prospective application is required for any new impairments identified as a result of this guidance. These changes are not expected to have a material impact in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information on the disclosures regarding the credit quality of financing receivables, see Note 5 on pages 13 to 17.
In January 2010, the FASB issued additional disclosure requirements for fair value measurements which the company included in its interim and annual financial statements in 2010. Certain disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were deferred until January 1, 2011. These new requirements did not have an impact in the consolidated financial results as they relate only to additional disclosures.
3. Fair Value: Exit prices are used to measure assets and liabilities that fall within the scope of the fair value measurements guidance. Under this guidance, the company is required to classify certain assets and liabilities based on the following fair value hierarchy:
· Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
· Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and
· Level 3—Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
The guidance requires the use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.
When available, the company uses unadjusted quoted market prices to measure the fair value and classifies such items within Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use current market-based or independently sourced market parameters such as interest rates and currency rates. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation.
The determination of fair value considers various factors including interest rate yield curves and time value underlying the financial instruments. For derivatives and debt securities, the company uses a discounted cash flow analysis using discount rates commensurate with the duration of the instrument.
In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the company considers certain market valuation adjustments to the “base valuations” calculated using the methodologies described below for several parameters that market participants would consider in determining fair value:
· Counterparty credit risk adjustments are applied to financial instruments, taking into account the actual credit risk of a counterparty as observed in the credit default swap market to determine the true fair value of such an instrument.
· Credit risk adjustments are applied to reflect the company’s own credit risk when valuing all liabilities measured at fair value. The methodology is consistent with that applied in developing counterparty credit risk adjustments, but incorporates the company’s own credit risk as observed in the credit default swap market.
As an example, the fair value of derivatives is derived utilizing a discounted cash flow model that uses observable market inputs such as known notional value amounts, yield curves, spot and forward exchange rates as well as discount rates. These inputs relate to liquid, heavily traded currencies with active markets which are available for the full term of the derivative.
8
Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include equity method investments that are recognized at fair value at the end of the period to the extent that they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Certain assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis can be subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements. These assets include public cost method investments that are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. In the event of an other-than-temporary impairment of a financial investment, fair value is measured using a model described on page 8.
Non-financial assets such as property, plant and equipment, land, goodwill and intangible assets are also subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements if they are deemed to be impaired. The impairment models used for nonfinancial assets depend on the type of asset. See Note A, “Significant Accounting Policies,” on pages 68 to 79 in the 2010 Annual Report for further information. There were no material impairments of non-financial assets for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Accounting guidance permits the measurement of eligible financial assets, financial liabilities and firm commitments at fair value, on an instrument-by-instrument basis, that are otherwise not permitted to be accounted for at fair value under other accounting standards. This election is irrevocable. The company does not apply the fair value option to any eligible assets or liabilities.
The following tables present the company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit
—
4,975
Commercial paper
1,322
Money market funds
2,624
Other securities
72
6,369
8,994
Debt securities – current(2)
Debt securities – noncurrent(3)
1
Available-for-sale equity investments(3)
38
22
59
Derivative assets(4)
Interest rate contracts
535
Foreign exchange contracts
246
Equity contracts
803
(6)
2,663
7,251
9,914
Derivative liabilities(5)
897
898
(1)
Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2)
Reported as marketable securities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3)
Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(4)
The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2011 are $231 million and $572 million, respectively.
(5)
The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2011 are $824 million and $74 million, respectively.
If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $348 million each.
9
2,473
2,673
1,532
Foreign government securities
U.S. government securities
44
U.S. government agency securities
6,269
7,801
490
500
445
13
458
548
539
12
1,099
1,978
8,377
10,355
1,003
1,006
The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $511 million and $588 million, respectively.
The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $871 million and $135 million, respectively.
If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $475 million each.
There were no significant transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2010.
10
4. Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives): Cash and cash equivalents, debt and marketable equity securities are recognized and measured at fair value in the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Notes and other accounts receivable and other investments are financial assets with carrying values that approximate fair value. Accounts payable, other accrued expenses and short-term debt are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate fair value. In the absence of quoted prices in active markets, considerable judgment is required in developing estimates of fair value. Estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the company could realize in a current market transaction. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate fair values:
Loans and Long-term Receivables
Fair values are based on discounted future cash flows using current interest rates offered for similar loans to clients with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities.
Long-term Debt
Fair value of publicly-traded long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for the identical liability when traded as an asset in an active market. For other long-term debt for which a quoted market price is not available, an expected present value technique that uses rates currently available to the company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities is used to estimate fair value. The carrying amount of long-term debt is $21,915 million and $21,846 million and the estimated fair value is $23,792 million and $24,006 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities
The following tables summarize the company’s debt and marketable equity securities all of which are considered available-for-sale and recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
Gross
Adjusted
Unrealized
Fair
Cost
Gains
Losses
Value
(0
28
31
(1) Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2) Reported as marketable securities within the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3) Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
11
194
264
Based on an evaluation of available evidence as of June 30, 2011, the company believes that unrealized losses on debt and marketable equity securities are temporary and do not represent a need for an other-than-temporary impairment.
Proceeds from sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities were approximately $87 million and $402 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively. The gross realized gains (before taxes) on these sales totaled $29 million and $232 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively. The gross realized losses (before taxes) on these sales totaled less than $1 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively. Proceeds from sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities were approximately $4 million and $13 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively. The gross realized gains (before taxes) on these sales totaled $1 million and $5 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively. The gross realized losses (before taxes) on these sales were less than $1 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2010.
The after tax net unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities that have been included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and the after tax net (gains)/losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) to net income were as follows:
For the three months ended June 30:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
(4
(46
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income*
(18
(1
* Includes writedowns of $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010. There were no writedowns for the first three months of 2011.
For the six months ended June 30:
(3
(6
(142
* Includes writedowns of $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. There were no writedowns for the first six months of 2011.
The contractual maturities of substantially all available-for-sale debt securities are less than one year at June 30, 2011.
5. Financing Receivables: The following table presents financing receivables, net of allowances for credit losses, including residual values.
At June 30,
At December 31,
Current:
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases
3,958
3,945
Commercial financing receivables
5,198
6,777
Client loan receivables
4,719
4,718
Installment payment receivables
840
816
Noncurrent:
5,369
5,384
41
43
4,612
4,734
399
388
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases relates principally to the company’s systems products and are for terms ranging generally from two to six years. Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases includes unguaranteed residual values of $792 million and $871 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and is reflected net of unearned income of $785 million and $816 million and net of the allowance for credit losses of $111 million and $126 million at those dates, respectively.
Commercial financing receivables relate primarily to inventory and accounts receivable financing for dealers and remarketers of IBM and non-IBM products. Payment terms for inventory and accounts receivable financing generally range from 30 to 90 days.
Client loan receivables are loans that are provided by Global Financing primarily to clients to finance the purchase of software and services. Separate contractual relationships on these financing arrangements are for terms ranging generally from two to seven years. Each financing contract is priced independently at competitive market rates. The company has a history of enforcing the terms of these separate financing agreements.
The company utilizes certain of its financing receivables as collateral for non-recourse borrowings. Financing receivables pledged as collateral for borrowings were $282 million and $302 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
The company did not have any financing receivables held for sale as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
The following tables present financing receivables on a gross basis excluding the allowance for credit losses and residual value, by portfolio segment and by class, excluding current commercial financing receivables and other miscellaneous current financing receivables at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The company determines its allowance for credit losses based on two portfolio segments: lease receivables and loan receivables, and further segments the portfolio via two classes: major markets and growth markets. For additional information on the company’s accounting policies for the allowance for credit losses, see the company’s 2010 Annual Report beginning on page 77.
(Dollars in millions) At June 30, 2011
Major Markets
Growth Markets
Financing receivables:
Lease receivables
6,543
2,043
8,586
Loan receivables
8,717
2,090
10,807
Ending balance
15,260
4,133
19,393
Collectively evaluated for impairment
14,931
4,017
18,948
Individually evaluated for impairment
329
116
Allowance for credit losses:
42
150
76
226
Beginning balance at January 1, 2011
234
119
353
Charge-offs
(53
(12
(65
Provision
(8
(11
Other
68
111
62
178
Ending balance at June 30, 2011
184
105
289
48
60
136
229
(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010
6,562
1,983
8,545
9,087
1,993
11,080
15,650
3,975
19,625
15,199
3,794
18,993
451
181
632
Lease receivables*
Loan receivables*
Ending balance at December 31, 2010
71
174
108
* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.
When calculating the allowances, financing receivables are evaluated either on an individual or a collective basis. For individually evaluated receivables, the company determines the expected cash flow for the receivable and calculates an estimate of the potential loss and the probability of loss. For those accounts in which the loss is probable, the company records a specific reserve. In addition, the company records an unallocated reserve that is calculated by applying a reserve rate to its different portfolios, excluding accounts that have been specifically reserved. This reserve rate is based upon credit rating, probability of default, term, characteristics (lease/loan) and loss history.
Financing Receivables on Non-Accrual Status
Certain receivables for which the company has recorded a specific reserve may also be placed on non-accrual status. Non-accrual assets are those receivables with specific reserves and other accounts for which it is likely that the company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to original terms of the lease or loan agreement. Income recognition is discontinued on these receivables.
14
The following table presents the recorded investment in financing receivables which were on non-accrual status at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
Major markets
69
Growth markets
24
33
Total lease receivables
73
101
141
21
123
Total loan receivables
94
Total receivables
168
366
Impaired Loans
The company considers any loan with an individually evaluated reserve as an impaired loan. Depending on the level of impairment, loans will also be placed on non-accrual status (see section “Financing Receivables on Non-Accrual Status”).
The following tables present impaired client loan receivables at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
Recorded Investment
Related Allowance
139
83
196
55
132
201
328
187
Average Recorded
Interest Income
Interest Income Recognized on
For the three months ended June 30, 2011:
Investment
Recognized*
Cash Basis
147
99
* Impaired loans are placed on non-accrual status, depending on the level of impairment.
For the six months ended June 30, 2011:
163
110
15
Credit Quality Indicators
The company’s credit quality indicators are based on rating agency data, publicly available information and information provided by the companies, and are reviewed periodically based on the relative level of risk. The resulting indicators are a numerical rating system that maps to Moody’s Investors Service credit ratings as shown below. Moody’s has not provided to the company a credit rating on its clients.
The tables below present the gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator, at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Receivables with a credit quality indicator ranging from Aaa to Baa3 are considered investment grade. All others are considered non-investment grade.
Lease Receivables
Loan Receivables
Major
Growth
At June 30, 2011:
Markets
Credit Rating:
Aaa – Aa3
910
153
1,213
157
A1 – A3
1,306
198
1,740
202
Baal – Baa3
2,413
866
3,215
886
Bal – Ba2
979
446
1,305
456
Ba3 – B1
557
259
742
265
B2 – B3
247
98
100
Caa – D
131
23
At June 30, 2011, the industries which made up Global Financing’s receivables portfolio consist of: Financial (37 percent), Government (16 percent), Manufacturing (13 percent), Retail (9 percent), Services (8 percent), Communications (5 percent) and Other (12 percent).
Lease Receivables*
Loan Receivables*
At December 31, 2010:
794
173
1,100
1,463
182
2,026
183
2,494
837
3,453
841
899
403
1,245
405
518
242
718
243
230
318
164
54
227
At December 31, 2010, the industries which make up Global Financing’s receivables portfolio consist of: Financial (36 percent), Government (16 percent), Manufacturing (14 percent), Retail (9 percent), Services (8 percent), Communications (5 percent) and Other (12 percent).
16
Past Due Financing Receivables
The company views receivables as past due when payment has not been received after 90 days, measured from billing date.
Total Past Due
Total Financing
Recorded Investment > 90 Days
> 90 days*
Current
Receivables
and Accruing
6,528
2,031
26
8,560
20
17
8,700
2,075
32
10,775
58
19,334
* Does not include accounts that are fully reserved.
6,552
1,970
8,523
9,076
1,961
11,037
65
19,560
6. Derivative Financial Instruments: The company operates in multiple functional currencies and is a significant lender and borrower in the global markets. In the normal course of business, the company is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations, and to a lesser extent equity and commodity price changes and client credit risk. The company limits these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives, and, where cost effective, financing with debt in the currencies in which assets are denominated. For interest rate exposures, derivatives are used to better align rate movements between the interest rates associated with the company’s lease and other financial assets and the interest rates associated with its financing debt. Derivatives are also used to manage the related cost of debt. For foreign currency exposures, derivatives are used to better manage the cash flow volatility arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
As a result of the use of derivative instruments, the company is exposed to the risk that counterparties to derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. To mitigate the counterparty credit risk, the company has a policy of only entering into contracts with carefully selected major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. The company’s established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions include reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties. The right of set-off that exists under certain of these arrangements enables the legal entities of the company subject to the arrangement to net amounts due to and from the counterparty reducing the maximum loss from credit risk in the event of counterparty default.
The company is also a party to collateral security arrangements with most of its major counterparties. These arrangements require the company to hold or post collateral (cash or U.S. Treasury securities) when the derivative fair values exceed contractually established thresholds. Posting thresholds can be fixed or can vary based on credit default swap pricing or credit ratings received from the major credit agencies. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments under these collateralized arrangements that were in a liability position at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $413 million and $363 million, respectively, for which the company posted collateral of $4 million and $9 million, respectively. Full collateralization of these agreements would be required in the event that the company’s credit rating falls below investment grade or if its credit default swap spread exceeds 250 basis points, as applicable, pursuant to the terms of the collateral security arrangements. The aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in net asset positions as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $803 million and $1,099 million, respectively. This amount represents the maximum exposure to loss at the reporting date as a result of the counterparties failing to perform as contracted. This exposure was reduced by $348 million and $475 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, of liabilities included in master netting arrangements with those counterparties. Additionally, at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, this exposure was reduced by $36 million and $88 million of collateral, respectively, received by the company.
The company does not offset derivative assets against liabilities in master netting arrangements nor does it offset receivables or payables recognized upon payment or receipt of cash collateral against the fair values of the related derivative instruments. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, $4 million and $9 million was recognized in other receivables for the right to reclaim cash collateral. The amount recognized in accounts payable for the obligation to return cash collateral totaled $36 million and $88 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The company restricts the use of cash collateral received to rehypothecation, and therefore reports it in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, $4 million and $9 million was rehypothecated.
The company may employ derivative instruments to hedge the volatility in stockholders’ equity resulting from changes in currency exchange rates of significant foreign subsidiaries of the company with respect to the U.S. dollar. These instruments, designated as net investment hedges, expose the company to liquidity risk as the derivatives have an immediate cash flow impact upon maturity which is not offset by a cash flow from the translation of the underlying hedged equity. The company monitors this cash loss potential on an ongoing basis and may discontinue some of these hedging relationships by de-designating or terminating the derivative instrument in order to manage the liquidity risk. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company may utilize derivatives to offset the changes in the fair value of the de-designated instruments from the date of de-designation until maturity.
In its hedging programs, the company uses forward contracts, futures contracts, interest-rate swaps and cross-currency swaps, depending upon the underlying exposure. The company is not a party to leveraged derivative instruments.
A brief description of the major hedging programs, categorized by underlying risk, follows.
Interest Rate Risk
Fixed and Variable Rate Borrowings
The company issues debt in the global capital markets, principally to fund its financing lease and loan portfolio. Access to cost-effective financing can result in interest rate mismatches with the underlying assets. To manage these mismatches and to reduce overall interest cost, the company uses interest-rate swaps to convert specific fixed-rate debt issuances into variable-rate debt (i.e., fair value hedges) and to convert specific variable-rate debt issuances into fixed-rate debt (i.e., cash flow hedges). At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of the company’s interest rate swaps was $6.8 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively. The weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was approximately 5.3 years and 5.7 years, respectively.
Forecasted Debt Issuance
The company is exposed to interest rate volatility on future debt issuances. To manage this risk, the company may use forward starting interest-rate swaps to lock in the rate on the interest payments related to the forecasted debt issuance. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The company did not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
18
At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, net losses of approximately $9 million and $13 million (before taxes), respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in connection with cash flow hedges of the company’s borrowings. For both periods, $8 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying transactions.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Long-Term Investments in Foreign Subsidiaries (Net Investment)
A large portion of the company’s foreign currency denominated debt portfolio is designated as a hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries to reduce the volatility in stockholders’ equity caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates in the functional currency of major foreign subsidiaries with respect to the U.S. dollar. The company also uses cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts for this risk management purpose. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges was $1.6 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. The weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was approximately 0.2 years and 0.4 years, respectively.
In addition, at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the company had liabilities of $56 million and $221 million, respectively, representing the fair value of derivative instruments that were previously designated in qualifying net investment hedging relationships, but were de-designated prior to June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively; within these amounts $56 million and $221 million are expected to mature over the next 12 months, respectively. The notional amount of these instruments at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $0.4 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, including original and offsetting transactions.
Anticipated Royalties and Cost Transactions
The company’s operations generate significant nonfunctional currency, third-party vendor payments and intercompany payments for royalties and goods and services among the company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries and with the parent company. In anticipation of these foreign currency cash flows and in view of the volatility of the currency markets, the company selectively employs foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its currency risk. These forward contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The maximum length of time over which the company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 3.9 years. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted royalty and cost transactions was $10.9 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of 0.7 years and 0.8 years, respectively.
At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, in connection with cash flow hedges of anticipated royalties and cost transactions, the company recorded net losses of $278 million and $147 million (before taxes), respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Within these amounts $366 million and $249 million of losses, respectively, are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying anticipated transactions.
Foreign Currency Denominated Borrowings
The company is exposed to exchange rate volatility on foreign currency denominated debt. To manage this risk, the company employs cross-currency swaps to convert fixed-rate foreign currency denominated debt to fixed-rate debt denominated in the functional currency of the borrowing entity. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The maximum length of time over which the company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 2.5 years. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges of foreign currency denominated debt was $0.1 billion and $0.2 billion, respectively.
At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, net losses of approximately $1 million and $1 million (before taxes), respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in connection with cash flow hedges of the company’s borrowings. Within these amounts approximately $1 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months for both periods, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying transactions.
19
Subsidiary Cash and Foreign Currency Asset/Liability Management
The company uses its Global Treasury Centers to manage the cash of its subsidiaries. These centers principally use currency swaps to convert cash flows in a cost-effective manner. In addition, the company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to economically hedge, on a net basis, the foreign currency exposure of a portion of the company’s nonfunctional currency assets and liabilities. The terms of these forward and swap contracts are generally less than two years. The changes in the fair values of these contracts and of the underlying hedged exposures are generally offsetting and are recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of foreign currency exposure was $8.3 billion and $13.0 billion, respectively.
Equity Risk Management
The company is exposed to market price changes in certain broad market indices and in the company’s own stock primarily related to certain obligations to employees. Changes in the overall value of these employee compensation obligations are recorded in selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company utilizes derivatives, including equity swaps and futures, to economically hedge the exposures related to its employee compensation obligations. The derivatives are linked to the total return on certain broad market indices or the total return on the company’s common stock. They are recorded at fair value with gains or losses also reported in SG&A expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of these compensation obligations was $1.0 billion.
Other Risks
The company may hold warrants to purchase shares of common stock in connection with various investments that are deemed derivatives because they contain net share or net cash settlement provisions. The company records the changes in the fair value of these warrants in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The company did not have any warrants qualifying as derivatives outstanding at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
The company is exposed to a potential loss if a client fails to pay amounts due under contractual terms. The company utilizes credit default swaps to economically hedge its credit exposures. These derivatives have terms of one year or less. The swaps are recorded at fair value with gains and losses reported in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The company did not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
The following tables provide a quantitative summary of the derivative and non-derivative instrument related risk management activity as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, as well as for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively:
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010
Fair Value of Derivative Assets
Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
Balance Sheet
Classification
6/30/2011
12/31/2010
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:
508
514
Foreign exchange contracts:
118
224
701
498
25
135
Fair value of derivative assets
678
Fair value of derivative liabilities
775
633
Not designated as hedging instruments:
63
122
370
39
51
Equity contracts:
125
305
373
Total debt designated as hedging instruments:
N/A
879
823
1,957
1,746
3,733
3,576
N/A—not applicable
The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings
For the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Consolidated
Statement of
Recognized on
Attributable to Risk
Earnings Line Item
Derivatives(1)
Being Hedged(2)
Derivative instruments in fair value hedges:
Cost of financing
185
(27
109
(19
(84
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:(1)
117
(177
SG&A expense
(63
(226
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
(Ineffectiveness) and
Effective Portion
Effective Portion Reclassified
Amounts Excluded from
Recognized in AOCI
from AOCI to Earnings
Effectiveness Testing(3)
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges:
(2
(217
760
(123
40
Cost of sales
(69
(33
Instruments in net investment hedges(4):
(102
340
(319
(227
(5
Note: AOCI represents Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.
The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.
The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.
The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.
Instruments in net investment hedges include derivative and non-derivative instruments.
For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
256
(166
(98
205
(305
(42
378
(264
(454
1,390
(170
(14
(7
(103
(83
(51
(45
(252
587
(706
1,977
(328
(146
For the three and six months ending June 30, 2011, and 2010, there were no significant gains or losses recognized in earnings representing hedge ineffectiveness or excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (for fair value hedges), or associated with an underlying exposure that did not or was not expected to occur (for cash flow hedges); nor are there any anticipated in the normal course of business.
Refer to the 2010 IBM Annual Report, Note A, “Significant Accounting Policies,” on pages 75 and 76 for additional information on the company’s use of derivative financial instruments.
7. Stock-Based Compensation: Stock-based compensation cost is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized over the employee requisite service period. The following table presents total stock-based compensation cost included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:
46
49
249
30
Other (income) and expense*
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost
162
151
Income tax benefits
(59
(55
(120
(117
Total stock-based compensation cost
104
96
212
203
* Reflects the one-time effects of the sale of the Product Lifecycle Management activities in 2010.
The increase in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the three months ended June 30, 2011, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to an increase related to the company’s assumption of stock-based awards previously issued by acquired entities ($8 million) and increases related to restricted stock units ($4 million). The increase in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the six months ended June 30, 2011, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to an increase related to the company’s assumption of stock-based awards previously issued by acquired entities ($19 million), partially offset by reductions related to performance-based stock units ($9 million).
As of June 30, 2011, the total unrecognized compensation cost of $1,668 million related to non-vested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.1 years.
There were no significant capitalized stock-based compensation costs at June 30, 2011 and 2010.
8. Segments: The tables on pages 25 and 26 reflect the results of operations of the company’s segments consistent with the management and measurement system utilized within the company. These results are not necessarily a depiction that is in conformity with GAAP. Performance measurement is based on pre-tax income. These results are used, in part, by senior management, both in evaluating the performance of, and in allocating resources to, each of the segments.
Effective January 1, 2011, the company transitioned its management and measurement system to reflect operating earnings in an effort to provide better transparency into the operational results of the business. As a result, certain acquisition-related charges and non-operating retirement-related costs are not reflected in the segment results. See the “Snapshot” section beginning on page 37 for additional information regarding this change. Prior year segment pre-tax income and pre-tax margin have been reclassified to conform to the new management and measurement system.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Global Services
Global Technology
Global Business
Systems and
Global
Software
Technology
Segments
External revenue
10,241
4,866
6,169
4,681
519
26,476
Internal revenue
792
218
547
2,082
10,561
5,071
6,961
4,899
1,066
28,558
Pre-tax income
1,420
750
2,310
393
496
5,370
Revenue year-to-year change
10.4
%
8.3
16.7
17.0
9.3
12.5
Pre-tax income year-to-year change
1.5
10.7
12.0
112.1
7.4
12.2
Pre-tax income margin
13.4
14.8
33.2
8.0
46.5
18.8
For the three months ended June 30, 2010:
9,234
4,483
5,277
3,985
544
23,523
197
690
431
1,852
9,566
4,680
5,967
4,187
975
25,376
Pre-tax income*
1,399
2,062
462
4,786
Pre-tax income margin*
14.6
14.5
34.5
4.4
47.3
18.9
Reconciliations to IBM as Reported:
2010*
Total reportable segments
Eliminations/other
(1,891
(1,652
Total IBM Consolidated
Pre-tax income:
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
(114
Acquisition related charges
(9
Non-operating retirement-related costs
113
(334
(202
20,104
9,575
11,478
1,035
50,892
627
1,621
1,044
4,160
20,732
9,980
13,099
9,162
2,079
55,052
2,658
4,045
525
1,015
9,634
11.5
18.3
8.5
10.3
12.8
23.7
(3.4
)%
nm
14.2
12.7
13.9
30.9
5.7
48.8
17.5
For the six months ended June 30, 2010:
18,540
8,893
10,296
7,370
1,081
46,181
652
400
1,448
376
834
3,710
19,192
9,293
11,743
7,746
1,916
49,891
2,357
1,124
4,189
889
8,546
12.3
12.1
35.7
(0.2
46.4
17.1
nm — not meaningful
(3,779
(3,310
(318
(229
(10
189
(612
(406
9. Equity Activity:
Common Stock and Additional Paid–in Capital
Retained Earnings
Treasury Stock
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity
Noncontrolling Interests
Total Equity
Equity - January 1, 2011
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (total)
1,634
Cash dividends declared — common stock
Stock transactions related to employee plans — net
1,556
(24
129
1,662
Other treasury shares purchased — not retired
(8,041
Changes in noncontrolling interests
(43
Equity — June 30, 2011
Equity - January 1, 2010
41,810
80,900
(81,243
(18,830
22,637
22,755
1,712
200
1,899
(8,233
Equity — June 30, 2010
43,522
85,323
(89,276
(18,510
21,059
21,176
27
The following table summarizes Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss), a component of IBM stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position:
Other comprehensive income/(loss) — net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments
389
(929
924
(1,081
Net change in retirement-related benefit plans
634
942
392
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable securities
(22
(47
(145
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedge derivatives
475
(87
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
1,010
(332
Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss)
4,673
3,053
8,160
6,306
10. Retirement-Related Benefits: The company offers defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans, as well as nonpension postretirement plans primarily consisting of retiree medical benefits. The following tables provide the total retirement-related benefit plans’ impact on income before income taxes:
Yr. to Yr. Percent
Change
Retirement-related plans — cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans — cost
58.4
Nonpension postretirement plans — cost
88
86
2.0
319
43.2
802
555
44.5
0.3
728
34.0
The following tables provide the components of the cost/(income) for the company’s pension plans:
Cost/(Income) of Pension Plans
U.S. Plans
Non-U.S. Plans
Service cost
Interest cost
609
648
471
444
Expected return on plan assets
(1,007
(1,001
(643
(592
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)
(40
Recognized actuarial losses
171
Curtailments and settlements
Multi-employer plan/other costs
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans
(197
(234
195
Cost of defined contribution plans
216
156
Total defined benefit and contribution plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings
351
255
251
1,228
1,301
925
913
(2,022
(2,009
(1,263
(1,218
(80
409
235
487
349
52
(379
(468
290
481
478
302
700
545
In 2011, the company expects to contribute to its non-U.S. defined benefit plans approximately $800 million, which is the legally mandated minimum contribution. Total net contributions to the non-U.S. plans in the first half of 2011 were $448 million.
The following tables provide the components of the cost for the company’s nonpension postretirement plans:
Cost of Nonpension Postretirement Plans
U.S. Plan
Amortization of prior service credits
Total nonpension postretirement plan cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings
70
29
34
134
The company received a $8.7 million subsidy in the second quarter of 2011 and a $18.0 million subsidy for the first half of 2011 in connection with the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. A portion of this amount is used by the company to reduce its obligation and expense related to the plan, and the remainder is contributed to the plan to reduce contributions required by the participants. For further information related to the Medicare Prescription Drug Act, see page 125 in the company’s 2010 Annual Report.
11. Acquisitions/Divestitures:
Acquisitions: During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the company completed one acquisition: in April, the company acquired 100 percent of TRIRIGA, Inc. (TRIRIGA), a privately held company. TRIRIGA is a provider of facility and real estate management software solutions, which help clients make strategic decisions regarding space usage, evaluate alternative real estate initiatives, generate higher returns from capital projects and assess environmental impact investments. The acquisition further complements and enhances the company’s portfolio of product and services offerings. TRIRIGA will be integrated into the Software and Global Business Services segments. Purchase price consideration for the acquisition is paid primarily in cash.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method, and accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity was recorded at its estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The acquisition did not have a material impact in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Divestitures: During the second quarter of 2011, the company completed two divestitures related to subsidiaries of IBM Japan. The impact of these transactions was not material to the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
On March 31, 2010, the company completed the sale of its activities associated with the sales and support of Dassault Systemes’ (Dassault) product lifecycle management (PLM) software, including customer contracts and related assets to Dassault. The company received net proceeds of $459 million and recognized a net gain of $591 million on the transaction in the first quarter of 2010. The gain was net of the fair value of certain contractual terms, certain transaction costs and the assets and liabilities sold. The gain was recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and the net proceeds were reflected in proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments within cash flow from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
12. Intangible Assets Including Goodwill: The following table details the company’s intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying
Accumulated
Net Carrying
Intangible asset class
Amount
Amortization
Capitalized software
1,524
818
Client-related
1,614
(650
963
Completed technology
2,122
(856
1,266
In-process R&D
Patents/trademarks
(89
127
Other(a)
(29
5,537
(2,332
1,558
(726
831
1,709
(647
1,062
2,111
(688
1,422
211
(71
140
(28
5,649
(2,161
(a) Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary business processes, methodologies and systems.
The net carrying amount of intangible assets decreased $283 million during the first half of 2011, primarily due to amortization. The aggregate intangible amortization expense was $309 million and $619 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2011 respectively, versus $284 million and $570 million for the second quarter and first six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively. In addition, in the first half of 2011, the company retired $450 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.
The amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position is estimated to be the following at June 30, 2011:
Capitalized
Acquired
Intangibles
2011 (for Q3 – Q4)
280
582
2012
556
926
2013
661
2014
372
2015
The changes in the goodwill balances by reportable segment, for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2010 are as follows:
Foreign
Currency
Purchase
Translation
Balance
Price
And Other
Segment
01/01/11
Additions
Adjustments
Divestitures
6/30/11
Global Business Services
4,329
4,516
Global Technology Services
2,704
2,725
16,963
17,230
Systems and Technology
1,139
418
01/01/10
12/31/10
4,042
252
35
2,777
(104
12,605
4,095
(52
315
766
375
20,190
4,754
(54
245
Purchase price adjustments recorded in the first six months of 2011 and full year 2010 were related to acquisitions that were completed on or prior to December 31, 2010 or December 31, 2009, respectively, and were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the first six months of 2011 or the full year of 2010 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses.
13. Restructuring-Related Liabilities: The following table provides a roll forward of the current and noncurrent liability balances for actions taken in the following periods: (1) the second quarter of 2005 associated with Global Services, primarily in Europe; (2) the fourth quarter of 2002 associated with the acquisition of the PricewaterhouseCoopers consulting business; (3) the second quarter of 2002 associated with the Microelectronics Division and the rebalancing of the company’s workforce and leased space resources; (4) the 2002 actions associated with the hard disk drive (HDD) business for reductions in workforce, manufacturing capacity and space; (5) the actions taken in 1999; and (6) the actions that were executed prior to 1994.
Liability
as of
01/01/2011
Payments
Adjustments*
Workforce
45
Space
Total Current
53
395
437
Total Noncurrent
441
* Principally includes the reclassification of noncurrent to current, foreign currency translation adjustments and interest accretion.
14. Contingencies: As a company with a substantial employee population and with clients in more than 170 countries, IBM is involved, either as plaintiff or defendant, in a variety of ongoing claims, demands, suits, investigations, tax matters and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. The company is a leader in the information technology industry and, as such, has been and will continue to be subject to claims challenging its IP rights and associated products and offerings, including claims of copyright and patent infringement and violations of trade secrets and other IP rights. In addition, the company enforces its own IP against infringement, through license negotiations, lawsuits or otherwise. Also, as is typical for companies of IBM’s scope and scale, the company is party to actions and proceedings in various jurisdictions involving a wide range of labor and employment issues (including matters related to contested employment decisions, country-specific labor and employment laws, and the company’s pension, retirement and other benefit plans), as well as actions with respect to contracts, product liability, securities, foreign operations, competition law and environmental matters. These actions may be commenced by a number of different parties, including competitors, partners, clients, current or former employees, government and regulatory agencies, stockholders and representatives of the locations in which the company does business. Some of the actions to which the company is party may involve particularly complex technical issues, and some actions may raise novel questions under the laws of the various jurisdictions in which these matters arise.
The company records a provision with respect to a claim, suit, investigation or proceeding when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Any recorded liabilities, including any changes to such liabilities for the quarter ended June 30, 2011, were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
With respect to reasonably possible losses, including losses in excess of amounts already recorded, the company is required to disclose estimates of such losses or range of losses if they are material and can reasonably be estimated. With respect to the claims, suits, investigations and proceedings discussed herein, the company is unable to provide such an estimate, for the following reasons. Claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters. It is the company’s experience that damage amounts claimed in litigation against it are unreliable and unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of the company’s potential liability. Further, the company is unable to provide such an estimate due to a number of other factors with respect to these claims, suits, investigations and proceedings, including considerations of the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. The company reviews claims, suits, investigations and proceedings at least quarterly, and decisions are made with respect to recording or adjusting provisions and disclosing reasonably possible losses or range of losses, to reflect the impact and status of settlement discussions, discovery, procedural and substantive rulings, advice of counsel and other information pertinent to a particular matter.
Whether any losses, damages or remedies finally determined in any claim, suit, investigation or proceeding could reasonably have a material effect on the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including: the timing and amount of such losses or damages; the structure and type of any such remedies; the significance of the impact any such losses, damages or remedies may have in the Consolidated Financial Statements; and the unique facts and circumstances of the particular matter that may give rise to additional factors. While the company will continue to defend itself vigorously, it is possible that the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be affected in any particular period by the resolution of one or more of these matters.
The following is a summary of the more significant legal matters involving the company.
The company is a defendant in an action filed on March 6, 2003 in state court in Salt Lake City, Utah by the SCO Group (SCO v. IBM). The company removed the case to Federal Court in Utah. Plaintiff is an alleged successor in interest to some of AT&T’s UNIX IP rights, and alleges copyright infringement, unfair competition, interference with contract and breach of contract with regard to the company’s distribution of AIX and Dynix and contribution of code to Linux. The company has asserted counterclaims, including breach of contract, violation of the Lanham Act, unfair competition, intentional torts, unfair and deceptive trade practices, breach of the General Public License that governs open source distributions, promissory estoppel and copyright infringement. Motions for summary judgment were heard in March 2007, and the court has not yet issued its decision. On September 14, 2007, plaintiff filed for bankruptcy protection, and all proceedings in this case were stayed. On August 25, 2009, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware approved the appointment of a Chapter 11 Trustee of SCO. The court in another suit, the SCO Group, Inc. v. Novell, Inc., held a trial in March 2010. The jury found that Novell is the owner of UNIX and UnixWare copyrights; the judge subsequently ruled that SCO is obligated to recognize Novell’s waiver of SCO’s claims against IBM and Sequent for breach of UNIX license agreements. In July 2010, SCO filed an appeal in connection with this matter.
On November 29, 2006, the company filed a lawsuit against Platform Solutions, Inc. (PSI) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that PSI violated certain IP rights of IBM. PSI asserted counterclaims against IBM. On January 11, 2008, the court permitted T3 Technologies, a reseller of PSI computer systems, to intervene as a counterclaim-plaintiff. T3 claimed that IBM violated certain antitrust laws by refusing to license its patents and trade secrets to PSI and by tying the sales of its mainframe computers to its mainframe operating systems. On June 30, 2008, IBM acquired PSI. As a result of this transaction, IBM and PSI dismissed all claims against each other, and PSI withdrew a complaint it had filed with the European Commission in October 2007 with regard to IBM. On September 30, 2009, the court granted IBM’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed T3’s claims against IBM. This decision was appealed by T3. In May 2011, T3 withdrew its appeal, and this litigation is concluded. In addition, T3 withdrew a complaint it had filed with the European Commission in January 2009 that alleged IBM had violated European Union competition law based on the facts alleged in the above-referenced U.S. litigation involving T3. Complaints concerning competition matters were also filed with the European Commission in March 2010 by TurboHercules SAS and in late July 2010 by Neon Enterprise Software, LLC (Neon). Neon has agreed to withdraw this complaint. IBM has been notified that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is investigating possible antitrust violations by IBM, and the DOJ has requested certain information, including the production of materials from the litigation between T3 and IBM. In July 2010, the European Commission notified the company that it has decided to initiate proceedings to further investigate IBM regarding possible infringements of European Union competition law.
The company is a defendant in an action filed on December 14, 2009 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas by Neon, alleging that the company has interfered with Neon’s efforts to license its zPrime software. It seeks damages and injunctive relief. In late January 2010, IBM filed its answer to Neon’s complaint and asserted counterclaims against Neon. In late May 2011, the parties entered into a settlement agreement pursuant to which each party’s claims against the other will be dismissed with prejudice and no payments will be made by IBM; in addition, Neon has been permanently enjoined from distributing zPrime or a functionally similar product.
The company is a defendant in an action filed on April 2, 2009 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas by ACQIS LLC (Acqis), which alleges that certain IBM products infringe certain patents relating generally to modular computing devices. Acqis seeks damages and injunctive relief. The trial took place in February 2011, and in late February, the jury found in favor of Acqis and awarded damages in the amount of $9 million. Both parties have submitted post-trial motions, and the deadline for appeal is 30 days after the court’s ruling on all such motions.
The company was a defendant in an action filed on February 5, 2010 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia by TecSec, Inc., which alleged that certain IBM products infringe certain patents relating generally to encryption. TecSec sought damages and injunctive relief. The case was set for trial in March 2011. In late February 2011, the court granted IBM’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement, and final judgment has been entered in favor of IBM. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal in late March 2011.
The company was named as a co-defendant in numerous purported class actions filed on and after March 18, 2011 in federal and state courts in California in connection with an information technology outsourcing agreement between Health Net, Inc. and IBM. The matters were consolidated in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California, and plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on July 15, 2011. The consolidated complaint alleges that the company violated the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act in connection with hard drives that are unaccounted for at one of Health Net’s data centers in California; plaintiffs have been notified by Health Net that certain of their personal information is believed to be contained on those hard drives. Plaintiffs seek damages, as well as injunctive and declaratory relief. IBM has also received a request for information regarding this matter from the California Attorney General.
IBM United Kingdom Limited (IBM UK) initiated legal proceedings in May 2010 before the High Court in London against the IBM UK Pensions Trust (the UK Trust) and two representative beneficiaries of the UK Trust membership. IBM UK is seeking a declaration that it acted lawfully both in notifying the Trustee of the UK Trust that it was closing its UK defined benefit plans to future accruals for most participants and in implementing the company’s new retirement policy. The trial in the High Court is expected to begin in May 2012. In addition, IBM UK is a defendant in approximately 275 individual actions brought since early 2010 by participants of the defined benefits plans who left IBM UK. These actions, which allege constructive dismissal and age discrimination, are pending before the Employment Tribunal in Southampton UK and are currently stayed pending resolution of the above-referenced High Court proceedings. In a separate but related proceeding, in March 2011, the Trustee of the IBM UK Trust was granted leave to initiate a claim before the High Court in London against IBM UK and one representative beneficiary of the UK Trust membership, seeking an order modifying certain documents and terms relating to retirement provisions in IBM UK’s largest defined benefit plan dating back to 1983. The High Court is expected to address this claim at the same time it considers the above-referenced claims in the proceedings initiated in May 2010.
In March 2011, the company announced that it has agreed to settle a civil enforcement action with the SEC relating to activities by employees of IBM Korea, LG IBM, IBM (China) Investment Company Limited and IBM Global Services (China) Co., Ltd., during the period from 1998 through 2009, allegedly in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. As part of the settlement, IBM has consented to the entry of a judgment relating to the books and records and internal control provisions of the securities laws. IBM has also agreed to pay a total of $10 million, categorized by the SEC as follows: (i) $5.3 million, representing profits gained as a result of the conduct alleged in the SEC’s complaint, (ii) prejudgment interest on that amount of $2.7 million, and (iii) a civil penalty of $2 million. The settlement is subject to court approval.
The company is a defendant in numerous actions filed after January 1, 2008 in the Supreme Court for the State of New York, county of Broome, on behalf of hundreds of plaintiffs. The complaints allege numerous and different causes of action, including for negligence and recklessness, private nuisance and trespass. Plaintiffs in these cases seek medical monitoring and claim damages in unspecified amounts for a variety of personal injuries and property damages allegedly arising out of the
presence of groundwater contamination and vapor intrusion of groundwater contaminants into certain structures in which plaintiffs reside or resided, or conducted business, allegedly resulting from the release of chemicals into the environment by the company at its former manufacturing and development facility in Endicott. These complaints also seek punitive damages in an unspecified amount. The first trial in these cases is scheduled to begin in October 2012.
The company is party to, or otherwise involved in, proceedings brought by U.S. federal or state environmental agencies under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), known as “Superfund,” or laws similar to CERCLA. Such statutes require potentially responsible parties to participate in remediation activities regardless of fault or ownership of sites. The company is also conducting environmental investigations, assessments or remediations at or in the vicinity of several current or former operating sites globally pursuant to permits, administrative orders or agreements with country, state or local environmental agencies, and is involved in lawsuits and claims concerning certain current or former operating sites.
The company is also subject to ongoing tax examinations and governmental assessments in various jurisdictions. Along with many other U.S. companies doing business in Brazil, the company is involved in various challenges with Brazilian authorities regarding non-income tax assessments and non-income tax litigation matters. These matters include claims for taxes on the importation of computer software. In November 2008, the company won a significant case in the Superior Chamber of the federal administrative tax court in Brazil, and in late July 2009, the company received written confirmation regarding this decision. The total potential amount related to the remaining matters for all applicable years is approximately $700 million. The company believes it will prevail on these matters and that this amount is not a meaningful indicator of liability.
15. Commitments: The company’s extended lines of credit to third-party entities include unused amounts of $3,664 million and $3,415 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. A portion of these amounts was available to the company’s business partners to support their working capital needs. In addition, the company has committed to provide future financing to its clients in connection with client purchase agreements for approximately $2,891 million and $2,825 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
The company has applied the guidance requiring a guarantor to disclose certain types of guarantees, even if the likelihood of requiring the guarantor’s performance is remote. The following is a description of arrangements in which the company is the guarantor.
The company is a party to a variety of agreements pursuant to which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Typically, these obligations arise in the context of contracts entered into by the company, under which the company customarily agrees to hold the party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations and covenants related to such matters as title to the assets sold, certain intellectual property (IP) rights, specified environmental matters, third-party performance of non-financial contractual obligations and certain income taxes. In each of these circumstances, payment by the company is conditioned on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract, which procedures typically allow the company to challenge the other party’s claims. While typically indemnification provisions do not include a contractual maximum on the company’s payment, the company’s obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time and/or nature of claim, and in some instances, the company may have recourse against third parties for certain payments made by the company.
It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements, due to the conditional nature of the company’s obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the company under these agreements have not had a material effect on the company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
In addition, the company guarantees certain loans and financial commitments. The maximum potential future payment under these financial guarantees was $47 million and $48 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The fair value of the guarantees recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position was not material.
Changes in the company’s warranty liability for standard warranties and deferred income for extended warranty contracts are presented in the following tables:
Standard Warranty Liability
Balance at January 1
316
Current period accruals
Accrual adjustments to reflect actual experience
Charges incurred
(215
Balance at June 30
381
308
Extended Warranty Liability
Aggregate deferred revenue at January 1
670
665
Revenue deferred for new extended warranty contracts
145
Amortization of deferred revenue
(164
(149
Other*
Aggregate deferred revenue at June 30
649
608
Current portion
309
283
Noncurrent portion
325
* Other primarily consists of foreign currency translation adjustments.
16. Subsequent Events: On July 22, 2011, the company issued $2 billion of 5-year bonds with a 1.95 percent coupon rate.
On July 26, 2011, the company announced that the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.75 per common share. The dividend is payable September 10, 2011 to stockholders of record on August 10, 2011.
36
Item 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2011
Snapshot
Financial Results Summary:
Yr. to Yr.
Percent/
Margin
Revenue
12.4
%*
Gross profit margin
45.6
0.9
pts.
20.3
Total expense and other income to revenue ratio
28.1
26.3
1.8
2.7
8.2
Net income margin
13.7
14.3
(0.5
)pts.
Earnings per share:
14.9
14.7
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
(5.8
* 5.1 percent adjusted for currency
Currency:
The references to “adjusted for currency” or “at constant currency” in the Management Discussion do not include operational impacts that could result from fluctuations in foreign currency rates. Certain financial results are adjusted based on a simple mathematical model that translates current period results in local currency using the comparable prior year period’s currency conversion rate. This approach is used for countries where the functional currency is the local country currency. See Currency Rate Fluctuations on page 65 for additional information.
Operating (non-GAAP) Earnings:
In an effort to provide better transparency into the operational results of the business, the company separated business results into operating and non-operating categories beginning January 1, 2011. Operating earnings is a non-GAAP measure that excludes the effects of certain acquisition-related charges and retirement-related costs, and their related tax impacts. For acquisitions, operating earnings exclude the amortization of purchased intangible assets and acquisition-related charges such as in-process research and development, transaction costs, applicable restructuring and related expenses and tax charges related to acquisition integration. For retirement-related costs, the company has characterized certain items as operating and others as non-operating. The company includes defined benefit plan and nonpension postretirement benefit plan service cost, amortization of prior service cost and the cost of defined contribution plans in operating earnings. Non-operating retirement-related cost includes defined benefit plan and non-pension postretirement benefit plan interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and multi-employer plan costs, pension insolvency costs and other costs. Non-operating costs are primarily related to changes in pension plan assets and liabilities which are tied to financial market performance and the company considers these costs to be outside the operational performance of the business.
Overall, the company believes that providing investors with a view of operating earnings as described above provides increased transparency and clarity into both the operational results of the business and the performance of the company’s pension plans; improves visibility to management decisions and their impacts on operational performance; enables better comparison to peer companies; and allows the company to provide a long-term strategic view of the business going forward. For its 2015 earnings per share road map, the company is utilizing an operating view to establish its objectives and track its progress. Effective January 1, 2011, the company’s segment financial results and performance reflect operating earnings,
Management Discussion — (continued)
consistent with the company’s management and measurement system.
The following tables provide the company’s non-GAAP operating earnings for the second quarter and first six months of 2011 and 2010.
Net income as reported
Adjustments (net of tax):
Acquisition-related charges
49.6
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)
(13
(68
(81.4
Operating (non-GAAP) earnings*
3,777
3,402
11.0
Diluted operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share:
3.09
2.62
17.9
* See pages 72 to 74 for a more detailed reconciliation of net income to operating earnings.
9.0
166
46.2
(113
(97.4
6,767
6,040
5.50
4.61
19.3
Financial Performance Summary:
In the second quarter of 2011, the company delivered solid financial results highlighted by revenue growth of 12.4 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency), gross margin expansion and double-digit diluted earnings per share growth of 14.9 percent as reported and 17.9 percent on an operating (non-GAAP) basis. The company generated $4.3 billion in cash from operations in the quarter enabling significant shareholder returns of almost $5 billion in common stock repurchases and dividends in the period. As a result of its performance, in July 2011, the company increased its full year 2011 earnings per share expectation from the expectation disclosed in April 2011.
Revenue performance in the second quarter was driven by the transactional businesses within the Systems and Technology and Software segments. Systems and Technology revenue increased 17.5 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) with total systems revenue growing 19.6 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) driven by strong performance in System z mainframe, Power Systems and System x. Software revenue increased 16.9 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency) driven by key branded middleware which grew 20.6 percent (14 percent adjusted for currency). Total Global Services revenue increased 10.1 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter versus the prior year. Services revenue was led by performance in the growth markets which increased 21.6 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency). Total constant currency revenue growth of 5 percent represented the fourth consecutive quarter that the company has delivered mid-single digit constant currency revenue growth.
In the second quarter, the company’s key growth initiatives also had excellent performance. Total revenue from the growth markets increased 22.6 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) driven by the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) which increased 26.7 percent (21 percent adjusted for currency). Overall, in the second quarter, the company had almost 40 countries within the growth markets which increased revenue at a double-digit rate, adjusted for currency, compared to the prior year. In addition, this growth was broad-based from a segment perspective with 24 percent growth in hardware and growth of almost 40 percent in WebSphere software, adjusted for currency, in addition to the Global Services growth of 10 percent at constant currency. The company’s growth markets strategy to expand into new markets, build out the IT infrastructure and focus on leadership in specific industries is resulting in solid growth and share gains. The company also
had continued momentum in the second quarter in its other growth initiatives — business analytics, cloud computing and Smarter Planet.
The consolidated gross profit margin increased 0.9 points versus the second quarter of 2010 to 46.4 percent. The operating (non-GAAP) gross margin increased 1.2 points to 46.8 points. The improvement was led by System and Technology which improved 4.9 points, and expanded gross margins in Global Business Services and Software.
Total expense and other income increased 20.3 percent in the second quarter compared to the prior year. Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other income increased 19.5 percent compared to the second quarter of 2010. The year-to-year drivers for both categories were approximately:
·
Currency*
10 points
Base expense
6 points
Acquisitions**
4 points
* Reflects impacts of translation and hedging programs.
** Includes acquisitions completed in prior 12-month period.
Pre-tax income grew 6.8 percent and the pre-tax margin was 18.3 percent, a decrease of 1.0 points versus the second quarter of 2010. Net income increased 8.2 percent and the net income margin of 13.7 percent declined 0.5 points year to year. The effective tax rate for the second quarter was 25.0 percent, compared with 26.0 percent in the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income grew 9.9 percent and the pre-tax margin was 18.9 percent, a decrease of 0.4 points versus the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) net income increased 11.0 percent and the operating (non-GAAP) net income margin of 14.2 percent decreased 0.2 points versus the prior year. The operating (non-GAAP) effective tax rate was 25.0 percent versus 25.8 percent in the second quarter of 2010.
Diluted earnings per share improved 14.9 percent reflecting the growth in net income and the benefits of the common stock repurchase program. In the second quarter, the company repurchased 24 million shares of its common stock. Diluted earnings per share of $3.00 increased $0.39 from the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) diluted earnings per share of $3.09 increased $0.47 versus the second quarter of 2010 driven by the following factors:
Revenue increase at actual rates:
$0.33
Margin expansion:
$(0.04)
Common stock repurchases:
$0.18
The deterioration from margin reflects a $0.10 year-to-year impact from higher workforce rebalancing charges. Overall, in the second quarter, the improvement in earnings per share performance was led by revenue.
The company generated $4,279 million in cash flow provided by operating activities, an increase of $513 million compared to the second quarter of 2011, driven by higher net income ($278 million) in the second quarter of 2011 versus 2010. Net cash used in investing activities of $584 million decreased $1,362 million, primarily due to the net benefit of $1,151 million from purchases and sales of marketable securities and other investments in the second quarter of 2011 versus 2010. Net cash used in financing activities of $4,903 million increased $1,156 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in net cash to settle debt ($946 million) and a net increase in cash used for common stock transactions ($139 million).
10.1
45.3
44.6
0.7
28.4
27.3
1.1
3.4
12.9
(0.1
16.0
15.9
(6.0
(5.9
Assets
0.0
Liabilities
(0.0
Equity
0.2
*5.1 percent adjusted for currency
In the first half of 2011, the company delivered diluted earnings per share growth of 16.0 percent as reported and 19.3 percent on an operating (non-GAAP) basis compared to the first six months of 2010. The company generated $8.1 billion in cash flow from operations in the first half, returning almost $10 billion to shareholders in the period in common stock repurchases and dividends.
Total revenue increased 10.1 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) compared to the first half of 2010. On a segment basis, Systems and Technology revenue increased 18.0 percent (14 percent adjusted for currency), Software 11.5 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency), Global Technology Services 8.4 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) and Global Business Services 7.7 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency). Global Financing revenue declined 4.3 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue performance in the company’s key growth initiatives was strong. Revenue from the growth markets increased 20.2 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) driven by the BRIC countries which increased 26.1 percent (21 percent adjusted for currency). In the first half, the growth markets contributed about half of the company’s geographic revenue growth. Business analytics revenue increased over 20 percent in the first half of 2011 compared to the prior year with good contribution from both software and services. Revenue from cloud computing offerings in the first half of 2011 has already exceeded the full year 2010 results, keeping the company on track to double its cloud revenue in 2011. In cloud computing, the company closed over 2,000 deals in the first half, with private cloud average transaction size tripling from the prior year. Smarter Planet revenue growth in the first half was over 50 percent, with second quarter growth driven by solutions in the telecommunication, healthcare and retail industries.
The consolidated gross margin increased 0.7 points versus the first half of 2010 to 45.3 percent. The operating (non-GAAP) gross margin increased 1.0 points to 45.7 percent. The improvement in gross margin in the first half was primarily driven by Systems and Technology.
Total expense and other income increased 14.5 percent in the first six months versus the prior year. Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other income increased 13.8 percent compared to the prior year. The year-to-year drivers for both categories were approximately:
5 points
Pre-tax income grew 7.6 percent and the pre-tax margin was 17.0 percent, a decrease of 0.4 points versus the first half of 2010. Net income increased 9.0 percent and the net income margin declined 0.1 point to 12.7 percent. The effective tax rate for the first half of 2011 was 25.0 percent, compared with 26.0 percent in the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income grew 10.8 percent and the pre-tax margin was 17.6 percent, an increase of 0.1 point versus the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) net income increased 12.0 percent and the operating (non-GAAP) net income margin of 13.2 percent increased 0.2 points versus the prior year. The operating (non-GAAP) effective tax rate was 25.0 percent versus 25.8 percent in the first half of 2010.
Diluted earnings per share improved 16.0 percent reflecting the growth in net income and the benefits of the common stock repurchase program. In the first half, the company repurchased 49.6 million shares of its common stock. Diluted earnings per share of $5.30 increased $0.73 from the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) diluted earnings per share of $5.50 increased $0.89 versus the first half of 2010 driven by the following factors:
$0.47
$0.09
At June 30, 2011, the company’s balance sheet and liquidity positions remain strong and are well positioned to support the company’s objectives. Cash and marketable securities at quarter end were $11,764 million. Key drivers in the balance sheet and total cash flows are highlighted below.
Total assets increased $22 million (down $2,736 million adjusted for currency) from December 31, 2010 driven by:
· Increased cash and cash equivalents ($1,054 million), prepaid pension assets ($1,787 million), goodwill ($474 million) and inventory ($123 million), partially offset by;
· Decreases in total receivables ($1,970 million), short-term marketable securities ($940 million) and investment and sundry assets ($449 million).
Total liabilities decreased $16 million ($1,900 million adjusted for currency) from December 31, 2010 driven by:
· Decreases in taxes ($1,853 million), accounts payable ($692 million) and compensation and benefits ($322 million), partially offset by;
· Increased total debt ($1,148 million), deferred income ($1,055 million) and total other liabilities ($613 million).
Total equity of $23,210 million increased $38 million from December 31, 2010 as a result of:
· Higher retained earnings ($4,802 million), common stock ($1,556 million), pension adjustments ($942 million) and foreign currency translation adjustments ($924 million), partially offset by;
· Increased treasury stock ($7,912 million) driven by share repurchases.
The company generated $8,071 million in cash flow provided by operating activities, a decrease of $131 million, compared to the first six months of 2010, primarily driven by a decrease in cash provided by operating assets and liabilities ($932 million) due to higher net tax payments ($1,100 million), a decrease in cash provided by receivables ($371 million), lower cash used in retirement-related plans ($298 million) and lower cash used for workforce rebalancing ($100 million), partially offset by an increase in net income ($540 million). Net cash used in investing activities of $86 million was $2,559 million lower than the first six months of 2010, primarily due to the net benefit of $1,646 million from purchases and sales of marketable securities and other investments in 2011 versus 2010 and a decrease of $851 million of cash used in acquisitions. Net cash used in financing activities of $7,217 million was $103 million higher, compared to the first six months of 2010, primarily due to lower cash provided by common stock transactions ($276 million) and increased dividend payments ($149 million), partially offset by an increased net benefit associated with debt ($222 million) and higher payments to repurchase common stock ($100 million).
The estimated Global Services backlog at June 30, 2011 was $144 billion, an increase of $15 billion versus the prior year, $13 billion from currency and $2 billion from performance.
In January 2011, the company disclosed that it was expecting GAAP earnings of at least $12.56 and operating (non-GAAP) earnings of at least $13.00 per diluted share for the full year 2011. In April 2011, the company increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.73 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.15 for the full year. In July 2011, the company again increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.87 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.25 for the full year.
Second Quarter and First Six Months in Review
Results of Operations
Segment Details
The following is an analysis of the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the second quarter and first six months of 2010 reportable segment external revenue and gross margin results. Segment pre-tax income includes transactions between the segments that are intended to reflect an arms-length transfer price and excludes certain unallocated corporate items.
(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended June 30:
Yr. to Yr. Percent/Margin Change
Yr. to Yr. Percent Change Adjusted for Currency
10.9
2.6
Gross margin
34.3
(0.3
0.6
28.9
28.2
16.9
10.5
88.4
88.1
0.4
11.9
40.6
4.9
Global Financing
(4.6
(10.6
48.7
50.1
(1.4
191
(4.8
(9.4
(57.7
16.4
Total consolidated revenue
5.1
Total consolidated gross profit
Total consolidated gross margin
Non-operating adjustments:
87
Retirement-related (costs)/income
(56
Operating (non-GAAP) gross profit
12,477
10,811
15.4
Operating (non-GAAP) gross margin
46.8
1.2
nm - not meaningful
(Dollars in millions) For the six months ended June 30:
8.4
2.8
33.9
(0.4
7.7
27.7
7.5
87.8
86.8
18.0
14.0
39.3
4.8
(4.3
(8.4
51.1
50.0
(4.7
(7.7
(75.5
(14.6
(60.9
11.8
51.8
(91
23,434
20,807
12.6
45.7
44.7
1.0
The following table presents each reportable segment’s external revenue as a percentage of total segment external revenue.
Three Months Ended
Six Months Ended
June 30,
38.7
39.5
40.1
18.4
19.1
Total Global Services
57.1
58.3
59.4
23.3
22.4
22.6
22.3
17.7
2.3
100.0
The following table presents each reportable segment’s pre-tax income as a percentage of total segment pre-tax income.
26.4
29.2
27.6
14.4
13.1
40.4
43.4
42.0
40.7
43.0
43.1
49.0
7.3
3.9
5.4
9.2
9.6
The workforce rebalancing charges recorded in the first quarter of 2010 and 2011 and the first quarter 2010 PLM transaction gain impacted the year-to-year results of the company’s reportable segments for the first six months of 2011 compared to the first six months of 2010. Workforce rebalancing charges were incurred in every segment in the first quarter of both years. The PLM transaction gain ($591 million) was recorded in Software in the first quarter of 2010. In the segment analysis below and in the Global Financing analysis on page 67, each segment’s pre-tax income and pre-tax margin for the first half of 2011 and first half of 2010 is presented on an as-reported basis and on a basis normalized for these actions in both years to provide a better perspective of the underlying operational performance of the segments.
The Global Services segments, Global Technology Services (GTS) and Global Business Services (GBS) had combined revenue of $15,107 million in the second quarter, an increase of 10.1 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) year to year. Geographically, the services revenue growth in the second quarter of 2011 was driven by the growth market countries which were up 21.6 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency). Total outsourcing revenue of $7,099 million increased 11.9 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter driven by revenue from the backlog (increased 3 percent adjusted for currency) and growth from sales into existing base accounts. Total transactional revenue of $6,104 million in the second quarter of 2011 increased 9.0 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) year to year. The growth markets had very strong performance in the second quarter with double-digit constant currency revenue growth in both the outsourcing and transactional services businesses, which drove significant share gains for total services in the growth markets. In the first six months of 2011, total Global Services revenue was $29,680 million, an increase of 8.2 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) year to year. Total outsourcing revenue of $13,949 million increased 9.4 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) and total transactional revenue of $11,982 million increased 7.7 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) year to year in the first six months of 2011. The estimated Global Services backlog was $144 billion at June 30, 2011, an increase of $15 billion compared to the June 30, 2010 level with $13 billion from currency and $2 billion from performance. The backlog in the growth markets has increased almost 50 percent in the past two years and now approaches about 20 percent of the total services backlog. The growth markets drove approximately $8 billion of the $15 billion increase in backlog year to year.
Yr. to Yr. Percent Change
Adjusted for
Global Services external revenue:
15,107
13,717
1.9
Outsourcing
5,999
5,364
3.2
Integrated Technology Services
2,339
2,098
3.1
Maintenance
1,904
1,772
3.8
Consulting and Systems Integration
3,766
3,504
* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation of Outsourcing and Consulting and Systems Integration revenue within GBS.
29,680
27,433
2.5
11,793
10,818
4,563
4,171
9.4
3.6
3,749
3,551
5.6
2,156
1,938
11.3
5.0
7,420
6,956
6.7
Global Technology Services revenue increased 10.9 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) to $10,241 million and 8.4 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) to $20,104 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively, versus the same periods in 2010. GTS Outsourcing revenue increased 11.8 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and increased 9.0 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011, respectively, year to year. Revenue growth was driven by performance in the growth markets which increased 10 percent year to year in both the second quarter and first six months, adjusted for currency. GTS Outsourcing gained share in the second quarter in both the growth markets and major markets. Integrated Technology Services (ITS) revenue increased 11.5 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and increased 9.4 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011, driven primarily by the growth markets with revenue up 14 percent and 12 percent in the second quarter and first six months, respectively, adjusted for currency.
Global Business Services revenue increased 8.5 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) to $4,866 million and increased 7.7 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) to $9,575 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively, year to year. Application Outsourcing revenue, which accounted for over 20 percent of total GBS revenue in both the second quarter and first six months of 2011, increased 12.4 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and increased 11.3 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011 year to year. Consulting and Systems Integration (C&SI), which includes Consulting, Application Management Services systems integration and the U.S. Federal business, had revenue growth in the second quarter of 7.5 percent (flat adjusted for currency) and growth of 6.7 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011. GBS continued to have strong performance in its growth initiatives with revenue growth in business analytics of over 25 percent in the first six months of 2011. Geographically, revenue performance adjusted for currency, was led by the growth markets which were up 10 percent in the second quarter and up 7 percent in the first six months of 2011, with growth in both outsourcing and C&SI. From an industry sector perspective, GBS revenue growth in both the second quarter and first six month periods of 2011 was led by General Business, Distribution and Communications. Public sector revenue declined year to year in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 driven by declines in government spending.
Global Technology Services:
External gross profit
3,481
3,168
9.9
External gross profit margin
Pre-tax margin
(1.2
Global Business Services:
1,405
2010+
6,811
6,354
7.2
0.5
Pre-tax income — normalized*
2,774
2,629
5.5
Pre-tax margin — normalized
2,696
2,465
Pre-tax income — normalized**
1,436
1,252
13.5
* Excludes $116 million and $273 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively.
** Excludes $45 million and $128 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively.
+ Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.
GTS gross profit increased 9.9 percent in the second quarter and increased 7.2 percent in the first six months of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010. Gross profit margins declined 0.3 points and 0.4 points in the second quarter and first six months, respectively. Margin declines in Outsourcing were partially offset by margin expansion in ITS and Maintenance in both periods. Second quarter pre-tax income increased 1.5 percent to $1,420 million with the pre-tax margin declining 1.2 points to 13.4 percent, driven by increased workforce rebalancing charges; excluding the workforce rebalancing charges, second quarter pre-tax income increased 8 percent year to year. On a normalized basis, segment pre-tax income in the first six months of 2011 increased 5.5 percent with a pre-tax margin of 13.4 percent, a decline of 0.3 points year to year.
GBS gross profit increased 11.0 percent in the second quarter and increased 9.4 percent in the first six months of 2011, better than balanced with revenue growth. Gross profit margins expanded 0.6 points and 0.4 points in the second quarter and first six months, respectively. GBS segment pre-tax income increased 10.7 percent to $750 million in the second quarter with pre-tax margin expanding 0.3 points to 14.8 percent. On a normalized basis, segment pre-tax income in the first six months of 2011 increased 14.7 percent with a pre-tax margin of 14.4 percent, an increase of 0.9 points year to year.
Total Global Services pre-tax income was $2,171 million, an increase of 4.5 percent year-to-year. Workforce rebalancing charges of $126 million increased $116 million compared to the second quarter of 2010; excluding these charges, pre-tax income increased 10.0 percent year-to-year, consistent with overall revenue growth.
Global Services Backlog
Total estimated Global Services backlog at June 30, 2011 was $144 billion, an increase of $15 billion compared to the June 30, 2010 balance with $13 billion from currency and $2 billion from performance. The estimated Outsourcing backlog at June 30, 2011 was $96 billion, an increase of $8 billion (decrease of $1 billion adjusted for currency) year to year. In the second quarter, outsourcing revenue driven from backlog increased 3 percent and revenue from sales into existing base accounts also increased, driving the total growth in outsourcing revenue, at constant currency, of 3 percent compared to the second quarter of 2010. In addition, the backlog in growth markets has increased almost 50 percent in the past two years and now approaches 20 percent of the total services backlog.
(Dollars in billions)
At June 30, 2010
Yr. to Yr. Change
Yr. to Yr. Change Adjusted For Currency
Backlog:
Total Backlog
144.2
129.4
Outsourcing Backlog
96.1
87.9
(0.7
Total Global Services backlog includes GTS Outsourcing, ITS, GBS Outsourcing, Consulting and Systems Integration and Maintenance. Outsourcing backlog includes GTS Outsourcing and GBS Outsourcing. Total backlog is intended to be a statement of overall work under contract and therefore does include Maintenance. Backlog estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic revalidations, adjustments for revenue not materialized and adjustments for currency.
Global Services signings are management’s initial estimate of the value of a client’s commitment under a Global Services contract. There are no third-party standards or requirements governing the calculation of signings. The calculation used by management involves estimates and judgments to gauge the extent of a client’s commitment, including the type and duration of the agreement, and the presence of termination charges or wind-down costs.
Signings include GTS Outsourcing, ITS, GBS Outsourcing and Consulting and Systems Integration contracts. Contract extensions and increases in scope are treated as signings only to the extent of the incremental new value. Maintenance is not included in signings as maintenance contracts tend to be more steady state, where revenues equal renewals.
Contract portfolios purchased in an acquisition are treated as positive backlog adjustments provided those contracts meet the company’s requirements for initial signings. A new signing will be recognized if a new services agreement is signed incidental or coincidental to an acquisition or divestiture.
(Dollars in billions) For the three months ended June 30:
Outsourcing signings
7.1
6.1
16.8
8.1
Transactional signings
6.2
7.0
Total signings
(Dollars in billions) For the six months ended June 30:
(5.4
(11.4
1.3
24.8
24.6
0.8
(5.2
Percent
Software external revenue:
Middleware:
5,080
4,347
Key branded middleware:
3,944
3,269
20.6
WebSphere Family
54.7
47.2
Information Management
Lotus
4.3
Tivoli
3.0
Rational
(2.0
Other middleware
1,137
1,078
Operating systems
630
15.8
9.5
459
387
18.7
47
9,430
8,351
8.9
7,197
6,078
14.1
53.3
48.4
15.5
6.4
8.7
4.5
2,233
2,273
(1.8
(4.9
1,172
1,043
876
902
(3.0
(6.4
Software revenue increased 16.9 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency) to $6,169 million in the second quarter and increased 11.5 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) to $11,478 million in the first six months of 2011, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2010. Adjusting for the divested PLM operations, revenue grew at 13.4 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011. Revenue growth continues to be driven by key branded middleware, led by the business analytics portfolio, storage management and business integration.
Key Branded Middleware revenue increased 20.6 percent (14 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter of 2011 and increased 18.4 percent (14 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2010. Key branded middleware accounted for 64 percent of total Software revenue in the second quarter, as the business continues to mix to higher growth areas. The software business continued to extend its leadership in the middleware market and gained share for the 15th consecutive quarter.
WebSphere revenue increased 54.7 percent (47 percent adjusted for currency) and increased 53.3 percent (48 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 year to year, respectively, and gained share in the second quarter. Revenue growth was driven by the base business as well as from acquisitions. Business Process Management software grew 30 percent in the second quarter, driven by the synergies of the combined Lombardi, ILOG and WebSphere products. Smarter Commerce software, which extends the company’s capabilities in business-to-business integration, Commerce Solutions and Enterprise Marketing Management each had a strong quarter driven by the combination of the Sterling Commerce, Unica and Coremetrics acquisitions with the WebSphere Commerce base business.
Information Management revenue increased 17.9 percent (11 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter year to year and gained share. Revenue in the first six months of 2011 increased 15.5 percent (11 percent adjusted for currency) year to year. Distributed Database products had another strong quarter with double-digit revenue growth. Netezza performed well again in the second quarter with transactional volumes up 70 percent year to year. Information Management provides the foundation for the company’s business analytics and optimization software capabilities. The software component of business analytics had year to year revenue growth of over 15 percent in the first six months of 2011.
Lotus revenue increased 12.1 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and 6.4 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011, respectively. Growth was driven by strong performance from the Social Business offerings. Lotus gained share in the second quarter and a third party recently ranked the company number one in worldwide market share for Social Platform software.
Tivoli revenue increased 9.3 percent and 8.7 percent (3 percent and 4 percent adjusted for currency) year over year in the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively, while holding share. The revenue growth was led by Tivoli Storage software with growth of 24 percent (17 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and 22 percent (18 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011.
Rational revenue increased 4.4 percent (decreased 2 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and increased 4.5 percent (flat adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011 compared to the prior year periods.
Operating systems revenue increased 15.8 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and increased 12.3 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011, driven primarily by Power Systems related products.
Other software revenue increased 18.7 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter of 2011 driven primarily by growth in software-related services. Other software revenue decreased 3.0 percent (6 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011, due primarily to the divestiture of the PLM operations in the first quarter of 2010.
Software:
5,456
4,647
17.4
2010**
10,076
8,941
4,084
3,695
31.2
31.5
*
Excludes $39 million and $98 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, and ($591 million) related to the PLM gain in the first quarter of 2010.
**
Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.
Software gross profit increased 17.4 percent to $5,456 million for the second quarter and 12.7 percent to $10,076 million for the first six months of 2011, better than balanced with revenue growth. Gross profit margins expanded 0.4 points and 0.9 points in the second quarter and first six months, respectively, versus the prior year periods. Software delivered segment pre-tax income of $2,310 million in the second quarter of 2011, a growth of 12.0 percent compared to the second quarter of 2010 with a pre-tax margin of 33.2 percent, down 1.4 points year to year. The pre-tax margin was impacted by a higher level of acquisition integration. On a normalized basis, segment pre-tax income for the first six months of 2011 increased 10.5 percent and segment pre-tax margin declined 0.3 points to 31.2 percent.
Systems and Technology external revenue:
System z
61.5
52.6
Power Systems
System x
15.3
Storage
4.2
Retail Store Solutions
7.8
Total Systems
19.6
13.2
Microelectronics OEM
4.1
51.6
45.5
11.1
10.2
5.8
19.0
Systems and Technology revenue increased 17.5 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) and 18.0 percent (14 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively, versus the same periods in 2010. Revenue performance was driven by continued double-digit growth in System z, Power Systems, System x and Storage, and continued growth in Retail Store Solutions and Microelectronics in both periods. In the second quarter, Systems and Technology had strong performance in the growth markets which increased 29.4 percent (24 percent adjusted for currency) with double digit growth in all brands, while the major markets grew 12.4 percent (7 percent adjusted for currency). Globally, Systems and Technology gained 3 points of market share in the total servers market, driven by System z and Power Systems.
System z revenue increased 61.5 percent and 51.6 percent (53 percent and 45 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively. MIPS (millions of instructions per second) shipments increased 86 percent and 62 percent in the second quarter and first half of 2011 versus the second quarter and first half of 2010, respectively. Over the past four quarters, revenue has increased 49 percent year to year, while MIPS volumes have increased 59 percent, the best four quarter period for the brand in the past five years. Since the z196 model started shipping in the third quarter of 2010, the company has added 68 new System z clients, with more than a third in growth market countries. In July 2011, the company announced the zEnterprise 114 mid-range server, which costs 25 percent less and delivers up to 25 percent more performance than the previous z10 business class system. The new mid-range server utilizes up to 14 processors running at 3.8 GHz and can consolidate workloads from up to 300 competitive servers on a single z114.
Power Systems revenue increased 12.3 percent and 15.4 percent (7 percent and 11 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively, driven by strong growth in both entry and high-end systems. The company extended its market leadership this quarter, the 13th consecutive quarter of year-to-year share gains. In the second quarter, the company had over 250 competitive displacements resulting in over $300 million of business, of which approximately 60 percent were from Oracle and 30 percent from Hewlett Packard. Since the beginning of 2009, the company has benefited from nearly 2,300 competitive displacements resulting in approximately $2.3 billion of business.
System x revenue increased 15.3 percent and 14.2 percent (9 percent and 10 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively. High-end System x revenue increased 26 percent and 33 percent in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the comparable periods of 2010, respectively. In the second quarter, System x revenue increased 35 percent (27 percent adjusted for currency) in the growth markets.
Storage revenue increased 10.1 percent and 10.2 percent (4 percent and 6 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the comparable periods in 2010, respectively. Total disk revenue increased 13 percent and 13 percent (7 percent and 8 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and the first six months of 2011 versus the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively, primarily due to double-digit growth in enterprise disk products. Tape revenue increased 3 percent and 3 percent (down 3 percent and down 1 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and the first six months of 2011, versus the comparable periods of 2010, respectively.
Retail Stores Solutions revenue increased 7.8 percent and 12.5 percent (3 percent and 9 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the same periods in 2010, respectively, while holding market share.
Microelectronics OEM revenue increased 4.2 percent and 12.3 percent (4 percent and 12 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the comparable periods of 2010, respectively.
Systems and Technology:
33.5
System and Technology:
3,419
2,544
34.4
5.9
* Excludes $19 million and $57 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively.
** Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.
Gross margin increased 4.9 points in the second quarter of 2011 versus the prior year. The increase was driven by revenue mix (2.1 points), margin improvements in Power Systems (1.3 points), System z (0.7 points) and System x (0.6 points). First half gross margin increased 4.8 points compared to the first half of 2010. The increase was driven by revenue mix (1.7 points), margin improvements in Power Systems (1.4 points), System x (1.0 points), System z (0.6 points) and Storage (0.3 points).
Systems and Technology’s pre-tax income increased $208 million (112.1 percent) to $393 million in the second quarter, and increased $499 million to $544 million for the first six months of 2011 on a normalized basis, when compared to the prior year. Pre-tax margin increased 3.6 points in the second quarter and 5.4 points on a normalized basis in the first six months, respectively, versus the prior year periods.
See pages 67 to 72 for a discussion of Global Financing’s segment results.
Geographic Revenue
In addition to the revenue presentation by reportable segment, the company also measures revenue performance on a geographic basis. The following geographic, regional and country-specific revenue performance excludes OEM revenue, which is discussed separately below.
Total Revenue
Geographies:
25,992
23,047
5.3
Americas
11,164
10,195
Europe/Middle East/Africa
8,636
7,443
Asia Pacific
6,191
5,410
3.3
BRIC countries
26.7
21.0
49,984
45,360
21,503
19,677
16,397
14,996
2.4
12,084
10,688
20.2
26.1
21.3
Total geographic revenue increased 12.8 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) to $25,992 million in the second quarter of 2011. The revenue growth rate, adjusted for currency, was consistent with the growth rate in the first quarter of 2011 and was again led by performance in the growth markets and North America.
Revenue from the growth markets increased 22.6 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency); on a constant currency basis, growth outpaced the major markets by 10 points in the quarter and contributed approximately half of the geographic constant currency revenue growth in the second quarter. This is the fourth consecutive quarter of constant currency double-digit revenue growth and share gains in the growth markets. In the BRIC countries, revenue increased 26.7 percent (21 percent adjusted for currency) with double-digit growth and share gains in each of the four countries led by revenue growth in China (up 25.5 percent, 21 percent adjusted for currency) and Brazil (up 29.8 percent, 20 percent adjusted for currency). Overall, in the second quarter, the company had double-digit revenue growth in almost 40 growth market countries, adjusted for currency. Revenue performance in the growth markets was also broad-based from a segment perspective. Hardware revenue increased 24 percent, adjusted for currency, with strong performance in all systems brands. WebSphere software which provides key underlying infrastructure capabilities in support of the growth markets build out, grew almost 40 percent year to year, adjusted for currency. Services revenue in the growth markets increased 10 percent in the second quarter, adjusted for currency, with strong performance in both GTS and GBS, and the services backlog in the growth markets has increased approximately 50 percent, at actual rates, over the last two years.
Revenue from the major markets increased 10.3 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter, led by growth in the U.S. (up 6.0 percent) and Canada (up 17.6 percent, 11 percent adjusted for currency), driven by momentum in the server and software businesses. Europe had a modest improvement in its year-to-year revenue growth rate in the second quarter of 2011 compared to the first-quarter of 2011, with continued revenue growth in the U.K., France and Spain and a return to revenue growth in Germany and Italy.
Americas revenue increased 9.5 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter of 2011. Within the major market countries, the U.S. increased 6.0 percent and Canada increased 17.6 percent (11 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue in the Latin America growth markets increased 28.5 percent (22 percent adjusted for currency) led by growth in Brazil of 29.8 percent (20 percent adjusted for currency).
Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA) revenue increased 16.0 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter of 2011. In the major market countries, revenue growth was led by the U.K. up 14.3 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency), Germany up 18.0 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency), France up 16.6 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency), Spain up 16.1 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) and Italy 14.3 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue in the EMEA growth markets increased 15.7 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter of 2011.
Asia Pacific revenue increased 14.4 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter of 2011. Revenue from the Asia Pacific growth markets increased 22.4 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency), led by growth in China of 25.5 percent (21 percent adjusted for currency) and India of 18.2 percent (16 percent adjusted for currency). Japan revenue increased 6.9 percent as reported, but decreased 5 percent adjusted for currency, consistent with the first quarter constant currency growth rate.
OEM revenue of $674 million in the second quarter of 2011 decreased 0.4 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) year to year.
Total geographic revenue for the first six months of 2011 increased 10.2 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) to $49,984 million. Revenue from the major markets increased 7.7 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) year to year. Revenue from the growth markets increased 20.2 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency), driven by double-digit growth in hardware, software and services. Total revenue from the growth markets represented approximately 21 percent of the total geographic revenue in the first six months of 2011, with revenue growth adjusted for currency, approximately 10 points higher than the major markets. Within the BRIC countries, revenue increased 26.1 percent (21 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011 versus the first six months of 2010 with strong growth in each of the four countries. The company’s growth market strategy to expand into new markets, build out IT infrastructure, and focus on leadership in specific industries is resulting in solid growth and share gains.
Americas revenue for the first six months of 2011 increased 9.3 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) compared to the same period of 2010. Within the major market countries, the U.S. increased 6.3 percent and Canada increased 16.2 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue in the Latin America growth markets increased 22.5 percent (17 percent adjusted for currency), led by Brazil with growth of 22.1 percent (14 percent adjusted for currency).
EMEA revenue increased 9.3 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011 versus the same period in 2010. Revenue growth in the major market countries was led by the U.K up 10.2 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency), France up 13.3 percent (7 percent adjusted for currency) and Spain up 9.4 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue in the EMEA growth markets in the first six months of 2011 increased 12.9 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) year to year.
Asia Pacific revenue increased 13.1 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011. Revenue in the growth markets increased 21.3 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) led by growth in China of 30.5 percent (27 percent adjusted for currency) and in India of 17.2 percent (15 percent adjusted for currency). Japan revenue increased 5.9 percent (decreased 5 percent adjusted for currency) year to year in the first six months of 2011.
OEM revenue of $1,289 million in the first six months of 2011 increased 5.6 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) led by growth in the Microelectronics OEM business.
Expense
Total Expense and Other Income
Total consolidated expense and other (income)
(73
30.5
(53.7
57
(68.0
Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other (income)
7,441
6,227
19.5
Total consolidated expense-to-revenue ratio
Operating (non-GAAP) expense-to-revenue ratio
27.9
26.2
1.7
(115
26.6
(71.5
14,412
12,667
13.8
27.2
Total expense and other (income) increased 20.3 percent in the second quarter and 14.5 percent in the first half compared to the prior year. Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other (income) increased 19.5 percent and 13.8 percent compared to the second quarter and first half of 2010, respectively. The key drivers of the year-to-year change in total expense and other (income) for both expense presentations were approximately:
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011:
Three Months
Six Months
For additional information regarding total expense and other income for both expense presentations, see the following analyses by category.
Selling, general and administrative expense
Selling, general and administrative expense:
Selling, general and administrative – other
5,131
4,409
Advertising and promotional expense
11.4
Workforce rebalancing charges
177
Retirement-related costs
33.8
56
Bad debt expense
(66.5
Total consolidated selling, general and administrative expense
19.2
Amortization of acquired intangibles assets
(52.6
Operating (non-GAAP) selling, general and administrative expense
5,950
5,024
Selling, general and administrative — other
10,052
8,884
689
629
576
(30.5
257
146
115
2.9
(26.1
(15
11,689
10,650
9.8
Total Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense increased 19.2 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) in the second quarter of 2011 versus the second quarter of 2010. The increase was driven by currency impacts (8 points), acquisition-related spending (4 points) and base expense (7 points). The increase in base expense was driven by higher workforce rebalancing charges in the second quarter of $159 million, primarily in Europe. Operating (non-GAAP) SG&A expense increased 18.4 percent (11 percent adjusted for currency) driven by the same factors.
Total SG&A expense increased 10.4 percent (6 percent adjusted for currency) in the first six months of 2011 versus the first six months of 2010. The increase was driven by currency impacts (4 points), acquisition-related spending (4 points) and base expense (2 points). Workforce rebalancing charges decreased $176 million due primarily to actions taken by the company in the first quarter of 2010 ($558 million). Bad debt expense decreased $33 million reflecting the improving credit environment. The accounts receivable provision coverage is 1.7 percent, a decrease of 50 basis points from the prior year and a decrease of 10 basis points from year-end 2010. Operating (non-GAAP) SG&A expense increased 9.8 percent (6 percent adjusted for currency) in the first half versus the prior year.
Other (income) and expense:
Foreign currency transaction losses/(gains)
(158
(Gains)/losses on derivative instruments
(95.7
Interest income
(30
(23
27.1
Net (gains)/losses from securities and investment assets
(57.2
Total consolidated other (income) and expense
(56.2
Operating (non-GAAP) other (income) and expense
(97
(279
(34
326
(66
54.9
(31
(662
(95.4
(83.6
87.1
(110
(82.9
Other (income) and expense was expense of $97 million and income of $95 million in the second quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease in income of $192 million in the second quarter of 2011 was primarily driven by higher foreign currency transaction losses ($313 million), partially offset by lower losses on derivative instruments ($133 million) due to foreign currency rate volatility year to year.
Other (income) and expense was income of $105 million and $640 million for the first six months of 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease in income for the first six months of 2011 was primarily driven by the net gain from the PLM transaction in the first quarter of 2010 ($591 million) reflected in Other in the table above and higher foreign currency transaction losses ($531 million). These items were partially offset by higher gains on derivative instruments ($360 million) due to foreign currency rate volatility and higher net gains from securities and investment asset sales primarily in the first quarter of 2011 ($244 million).
Research, Development and Engineering
Total consolidated research, development and engineering
(25.8
Operating (non-GAAP) research, development and engineering
1,593
1,507
(30.7
3,199
3,046
The company continues to invest in research and development, focusing its investments on high value, high growth opportunities and to extend its technology leadership. Total Research, development and engineering (RD&E) expense increased 6.4 percent in the second quarter of 2011 versus the second quarter of 2010 primarily driven by: acquisitions (up 5 points) and currency impacts (up 3 points), partially offset by improved base expense (down 2 points). RD&E expense increased 5.8 percent for the first six months of 2011 versus the same period of 2010 primarily driven by: acquisitions (up 5 points) and currency impacts (up 2 points), partially offset by improved base expense (down 1 point). Operating (non-GAAP) RD&E expense increased 5.7 percent and 5.0 percent in the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively, compared to the prior year primarily driven by the same factors.
Intellectual Property and Custom Development Income
Intellectual Property and Custom Development Income:
Sales and other transfers of intellectual property
84.0
Licensing/royalty-based fees
61
95
(36.1
Custom development income
(4.2
295
297
(0.8
72.4
(34.7
294
298
(1.5
558
The timing and amount of Sales and other transfers of IP may vary significantly from period to period depending upon the timing of divestitures, economic conditions, industry consolidation and the timing of new patents and know-how development. There were no significant IP transactions in the second quarter or first six months of 2011 and 2010.
Interest Expense
10.6
The increase in interest expense for the second quarter and first six months of 2011 versus the same periods of 2010 was primarily driven by higher average debt levels, partially offset by lower average interest rates. Interest expense is presented in cost of financing in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings only if the related external borrowings are to support the Global Financing external business. See page 71 for additional information regarding Global Financing debt and interest expense.
Overall interest expense for the second quarter and first six months of 2011 was $234 million and $469 million, respectively, an increase of $4 million and $9 million, respectively, year to year.
Retirement-Related Plans
The following tables provide the total pre-tax cost for all retirement-related plans. These amounts are included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings within the caption (e.g., Cost, SG&A, RD&E) relating to the job function of the plan participants.
Retirement-related plans – cost:
137
(39
(13.3
343
Total operating costs
470
1,156
1,171
(1.3
(1,653
(1,595
52.8
Plan amendments/curtailments/settlements
Multiemployer plan/other costs
96.2
Total non-operating costs/(income)
(88.9
Total retirement-related plans – cost
278
272
(77
(13.1
782
733
983
916
2,305
2,374
(2.9
(3,290
(3,231
903
590
53.0
(96.9
41.9
(189
(95.6
In the second quarter, total retirement-related plan cost increased by $138 million compared to the second quarter of 2010, primarily driven by an increase in recognized actuarial losses of $153 million. Total cost for the first six months of 2011 increased $247 million versus the first half of 2010 driven by an increase in recognized actuarial losses of $313 million, partially offset by lower interest cost.
As discussed in the “Snapshot” on page 37, the company has begun to characterize certain retirement-related costs as operating and others as non-operating. Utilizing this characterization, operating retirement-related costs in the second quarter were $470 million, an increase of $38 million compared to the second quarter of 2010, primarily driven by a $28 million increase in defined contribution plan costs. Non-operating costs of $(12) million increased $100 million in the second quarter compared to the prior year driven primarily by an increase in recognized actuarial losses ($153 million), partially offset by increased expected return on plan assets ($58 million). For the first six months of 2011, operating retirement-related costs were $983 million, an increase of $67 million compared to the first six months of 2010. This increase was driven by a $49
million increase in the cost of defined contribution plans and increased service costs and amortization of prior service cost ($18 million). Non-operating costs of $(8) million increased $180 million in the first half compared to the prior year driven primarily by an increase in recognized actuarial losses of $313 million, partially offset by lower interest cost ($69 million) and an increase in the expected return on plan assets ($59 million).
See Note 10, “Retirement-Related Benefits” on pages 28 to 30 for additional plan cost detail.
The company expects 2011 pre-tax retirement-related plan cost to be approximately $1.9 billion, an increase of approximately $500 million compared to 2010. This estimate reflects current pension plan assumptions at December 31, 2010. Within total retirement-related plan cost, operating retirement-related plan cost is expected to be approximately $1.9 billion, an increase of approximately $100 million versus 2010. Non-operating retirement-related plan cost is expected to be approximately zero versus income of $0.4 billion in 2010. See the company’s 2010 Annual Report, note U, “Retirement-Related Benefits,” on pages 112 to 126 for additional information.
The effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2011 was 25.0 percent compared to an effective tax rate of 26.0 percent for the second quarter of 2010. The effective tax rates for the first six months of 2011 and 2010 were 25.0 percent and 26.0 percent, respectively. The decrease in the rate for the second quarter and for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to the prior year periods, was primarily due to a more favorable mix of earnings in lower tax jurisdictions.
There were a number of discrete period tax events in the second quarter of 2011. The company reached agreement with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) during the quarter related to the valuation of certain intellectual property within the 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 audit periods. The agreement resolves all open matters for the period 2004 through 2007 with the IRS. The resolution resulted in a net reduction of the second-quarter tax provision of $173 million. This benefit was predominantly offset by a one-time tax cost associated with the intercompany transfer of certain intellectual property in the quarter. In addition, during the second quarter, the company completed the integration of a number of acquired companies. The integrations resulted in a current period tax charge of approximately $250 million that was offset by the release of a prior year tax liability associated with certain of the acquired companies.
With limited exception, the company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax audits by taxing authorities for years through 2007. The years subsequent to 2007 contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations as it relates to the amount and/or timing of income, deductions and tax credits. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the company believes that adequate amounts of tax and interest have been provided for any adjustments that are expected to result for these years.
The amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2010 increased by $3 million for the first six months of 2011 to $5,296 million. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $38 million during the second quarter of 2011. Including the items described above, the decrease reflects various impacts including additions for the current year tax positions of $218 million and net reductions and settlements for prior year positions of $256 million. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate is $4,814 million at June 30, 2011.
In April 2010, the company appealed the determination of a non-U.S. local taxing authority with respect to certain foreign tax losses. The tax benefit of these losses, approximately $1,486 million, has been included in unrecognized tax benefits. This amount includes the portion of these losses that had been utilized against a prior year liability. In April 2011, the company received notification that the appeal had been denied. In June 2011, the company has filed a suit in court challenging this decision.
The company expects the IRS to commence its audit of the company’s U.S. tax returns for 2008 and 2009 in the third quarter of 2011.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options and stock awards.
Consolidated earnings per share:
Diluted operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share
Weighted-average shares outstanding: (in millions)
Actual shares outstanding at June 30, 2011 were 1,194.3 million. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding assuming dilution during the second quarter and first six months of 2011 was 75.2 million and 78.4 million lower, respectively, than the same periods in 2010, primarily as a result of the company’s common stock repurchase program.
Financial Position
Dynamics
At June 30, 2011, the company’s balance sheet and liquidity positions remain strong. Cash and marketable securities at quarter end was $11,764 million. Total debt of $29,772 million increased $1,148 million from prior year-end levels. The commercial paper balance at June 30, 2011 was $2,013 million, up $869 million from $1,144 million at year end. The company continues to have substantial flexibility in the market. In the first six months, the company generated $8,071 million in cash from operations, a decrease of $131 million compared to the first six months of 2010 (see cash flow analysis on page 62). The company has consistently generated strong cash flow from operations and continues to have access to additional sources of liquidity through the capital markets and its $10 billion global credit facility. The company’s strong cash flow and substantial cash position permits the company to invest and deploy capital to areas with the most attractive long-term opportunities.
The assets and debt associated with the Global Financing business are a significant part of the company’s financial position. The financial position amounts appearing on pages 4 and 5 are the consolidated amounts including Global Financing. The amounts appearing in the separate Global Financing section, beginning on page 67, are supplementary data presented to facilitate an understanding of the Global Financing business.
Working Capital
Current assets
Current liabilities
Working capital
7,094
7,554
Current ratio
1.18:1
1.19:1
Working capital decreased $460 million from the year-end 2010 position. The key changes are described below:
Current assets decreased $1,179 million ($2,501 million adjusted for currency), due to:
· A decline of $1,843 million ($2,700 million adjusted for currency) in short-term receivables primarily due to collections of higher year-end balances; and
· A decline of $940 million in marketable securities primarily due to sales of securities during the first six months of 2011; partially offset by
· An increase of $1,054 million ($768 million adjusted for currency) in cash and cash equivalents (see cash flow analysis on page 62); and
· An increase of $436 million ($320 million adjusted for currency) in prepaid expenses and other current assets; primarily due to
· An increase of $759 million in various prepaid expenses and other assets (taxes, maintenance, insurance, deposits); partially offset by
· A decrease of $323 million in derivative assets and corresponding collateral as a result of changes in foreign currency rates primarily for instruments in non-hedging relationships.
Current liabilities decreased $719 million ($1,573 million adjusted for currency), as a result of:
· A decrease of $1,853 million in taxes payable primarily due to tax payments in the United States, Japan and Europe in the first six months of 2011; and
· A decrease in accounts payable of $692 million ($868 million adjusted for currency) and a decrease of $322 million ($457 million adjusted for currency) in compensation and benefits reflecting declines from typically higher year-end balances; partially offset by
· An increase in deferred income of $1,080 million ($669 million adjusted for currency) due to annual Global Services and Software customer contract renewals; and
· An increase in short-term debt of $1,080 million primarily driven by:
· A net increase of $869 million in commercial paper and $2,436 million in new debt issuances; and
· Reclasses of $1,220 million from long-term to short-term debt to reflect maturity dates; partially offset by
· Payments of $3,563 million.
Cash Flow
The company’s cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows on page 6, is summarized in the table below. These amounts include the cash flows associated with the Global Financing business.
Net cash provided by/(used in) operations:
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Net cash from operating activities decreased $131 million compared to the first six months of 2010 driven by the following key factors:
· A decrease in cash provided by operating assets and liabilities of $932 million due to:
· Higher net tax payments of $1,100 million during the first six months of 2011 compared to 2010; and
· A decrease in net cash provided by receivables of $371 million, primarily as a result of increased revenue; partially offset by
· A decrease in net cash used related to retirement-related plans of $298 million, primarily driven by lower employer funding in 2011 compared to 2010; and
· A decrease in net cash used for workforce rebalancing activities of $100 million during the first six months of 2011 compared to 2010; partially offset by
· Improved net income of $540 million.
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $2,559 million driven by:
· A decrease of $851 million in cash used for acquisitions; and
· A net benefit of $1,646 million from purchases and sales of marketable securities and other investments, due to asset sales in the first quarter and securities sales in the second quarter.
Net cash used in financing activities increased $103 million as a result of:
· A net increase of $176 million in cash used for common stock transactions; and
· An increase in dividends paid of $149 million in the first six months of 2011 compared to 2010; partially offset by
· Higher net cash proceeds from debt issuances of $952 million in the first six months of 2011 as compared to $731 million in 2010.
Noncurrent Assets and Liabilities
Noncurrent assets
66,536
65,335
Noncurrent liabilities (excluding debt)
28,505
27,871
The increase in noncurrent assets of $1,201 million (a decrease of $234 million adjusted for currency) was driven by:
· An increase of $1,787 million ($1,588 million adjusted for currency) in prepaid pension assets primarily in the United States; and
· An increase of $474 million ($57 million adjusted for currency) in goodwill primarily due to currency and the TRIRIGA acquisition during the second quarter of 2011; partially offset by
· A decrease of $449 million ($602 million adjusted for currency) in investments and sundry assets driven by asset sales during the first quarter; and
· A decrease of $343 million ($401 million adjusted for currency) in noncurrent deferred taxes primarily driven by retirement-related activity; and
· A decrease of $283 million in intangible assets due to amortization during the first six months of 2011; and
Long-term debt increased $68 million primarily due to currency as new debt issuances of $1,220 million were essentially offset by reclasses to short-term debt as certain instruments approach maturity.
Noncurrent liabilities, excluding debt, increased $635 million (a decrease of $230 million adjusted for currency) primarily driven by:
· An increase of $624 million ($386 million adjusted for currency) in other noncurrent liabilities mainly due to an increase in tax related liabilities; and
· Retirement and nonpension benefit obligations which were essentially flat as a result of:
· A decrease of $482 million primarily driven by contributions to non-U.S. plans; offset by
· An increase of $517 million due to currency.
Debt
The company’s funding requirements are continually monitored and strategies are executed to manage the overall asset and liability profile. Additionally, the company maintains sufficient flexibility to access global funding sources as needed.
Total company debt
29,772
28,624
Total Global Financing segment debt
23,390
22,823
Debt to support external clients
19,925
19,583
Debt to support internal clients
3,465
3,240
Global Financing provides financing predominantly for the company’s external client assets, as well as for assets under contract by other IBM units. These assets, primarily for Global Services, generate long-term, stable revenue streams similar to the Global Financing asset portfolio. Based on their attributes, these Global Services assets are leveraged with the balance of the Global Financing asset base. The debt analysis above is further detailed in the Global Financing section on page 71.
Given the significant leverage, the company presents a debt-to-capitalization ratio which excludes Global Financing debt and equity as management believes this is more representative of the company’s core business operations. This ratio can vary from period to period as the company manages its global cash and debt positions.
“Core” debt-to-capitalization ratio (excluding Global Financing debt and equity) was 24.3 percent at June 30, 2011 compared to 22.6 percent at December 31, 2010. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in non-Global Financing debt of $581 million and a decrease in non-Global Financing equity of $37 million from the December 31, 2010 balances.
Consolidated debt-to-capitalization ratio at June 30, 2011 was 56.2 percent versus 55.3 percent at December 31, 2010.
Total equity increased $38 million from December 31, 2010 primarily as a result of an increase in treasury stock of $7,912 million, driven by common stock repurchases in the first six months of 2011, offset by an increase in retained earnings of $4,802 million, an increase of $1,556 million in common stock and lower accumulated comprehensive losses of $1,634 million.
Looking Forward
In the first six months of 2011, the company delivered solid financial results. The company enters the second half of 2011 in an excellent position with a strong systems portfolio, continued momentum in software, growth in the services backlog with significant opportunity in the growth markets, good momentum in all its key growth plays and a very strong balance sheet.
In May 2010, the company met with investors and introduced a new road map for earnings per share in 2015. The objective of the company’s new road map for growth is to achieve at least $20 of operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share in 2015. Consistent with the company’s prior road map, the company has identified the major drivers of financial performance: revenue growth, operating leverage and common stock share repurchase. The revenue growth will come from a combination of base revenue growth, a mix to faster growing businesses and from acquisitions closed between 2010 and 2015. The contribution from operating leverage will be driven by the shift to higher margin businesses and enterprise productivity. The company will also continue to return value to its shareholders, with approximately $50 billion of share repurchase and $20 billion of dividends during the road map period. Overall, the company expects fairly balanced contribution from revenue growth, operating leverage and share repurchase. The company measures the success of its business model over the long term, not any individual quarter or year. The company’s strategies, investments and actions are all taken with an objective of optimizing long-term performance.
In January 2011, the company disclosed that it is expecting GAAP earnings of at least $12.56 and operating (non-GAAP) earnings of at least $13.00 per diluted share for the full year 2011. In April 2011, the company increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.73 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.15 for the full year. In July 2011, the company again increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.87 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.25 for the full year. The operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share expectation excludes acquisition-related charges of $0.40 per share and non-operating retirement-related costs/(income) of ($0.02) per share. This revised expectation results in an increase year to year of 12 percent in GAAP earnings per share and an increase of 14 percent year to year in operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share. The company believes its performance in the first half of 2011 is a good start towards the 2015 objective.
The Global Services business delivered outstanding performance in the growth markets, especially in the second quarter, driving significant share gains. The company continues to make great progress in these markets - as the company works with businesses to build out the infrastructure required to support future growth. The services backlog in the growth markets has increased almost 50 percent in the past two years and now approaches about 20 percent of the total services backlog. The company anticipates significant future opportunity in the growth markets, which is a key driver of services performance in the 2015 roadmap. In the second half of 2011, the company expects to yield benefits from the workforce rebalancing actions taken in the first half of the year, and combined with the momentum in the business, the company expects the services business to deliver margin expansion and double digit profit growth. The Software business had an excellent second quarter with strong revenue and profit growth, while continuing its market leadership. Pre-tax margin was impacted as a result of a higher level of acquisition integration. In the second half, as the company yields improvements from the acquisitions, the company expects the Software business to improve margins. The Systems and Technology business had an excellent first half of 2011. Within this business, the company expects continued opportunity and double-digit profit growth in the third quarter, although the business will face a very tough compare in the fourth quarter versus a strong fourth quarter of 2010.
64
Currency Rate Fluctuations
Changes in the relative values of non-U.S. currencies to the U.S. dollar affect the company’s financial results and financial position. At June 2011, currency changes resulted in assets and liabilities denominated in local currencies being translated into more dollars than at year-end 2010. The company uses financial hedging instruments to limit specific currency risks related to financing transactions and other foreign currency-based transactions. Further discussion of currency and hedging appears in the 2010 IBM Annual Report in Note L, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” on pages 96 through 101.
Foreign currency fluctuations often drive operational responses that mitigate the simple mechanical translation of earnings. During periods of sustained movements in currency, the marketplace and competition adjust to the changing rates. For example, when pricing offerings in the marketplace, the company may use some of the advantage from a weakening U.S. dollar to improve its position competitively, and price more aggressively to win the business, essentially passing on a portion of the currency advantage to its customers. Competition will frequently take the same action. Consequently, the company believes that some of the currency-based changes in cost impact the prices charged to clients. The company also maintains currency hedging programs for cash management purposes which mitigate, but do not eliminate, the volatility of currency impacts on the company’s financial results.
The company translates revenue, cost and expense in its non-U.S. operations at current exchange rates in the reported period. References to “adjusted for currency” or “constant currency” reflect adjustments based upon a simple constant currency mathematical translation of local currency results using the comparable prior period’s currency conversion rate. However, this constant currency methodology that the company utilizes to disclose this information does not incorporate any operational actions that management may take in reaction to fluctuating currency rates. Based on the currency rate movements in the first half of 2011, total revenue increased 10.1 percent as reported and 5.1 percent at constant currency versus the first six months of 2010. On a pre-tax income basis, these translation impacts offset by the net impact of hedging activities resulted in a theoretical maximum (assuming no pricing or sourcing actions) increase of $370 million in the first six months of 2011. The same mathematical exercise resulted in a $20 million increase in the first six months of 2010. The company views these amounts as a theoretical maximum impact to its as-reported financial results. Considering the operational responses mentioned above, movements of exchange rates, and the nature and timing of hedging instruments, it is difficult to predict future currency impacts on any particular period, but the company believes it could be substantially less than the theoretical maximum given the competitive pressure in the marketplace.
For non-U.S. subsidiaries and branches that operate in U.S. dollars or whose economic environment is highly inflationary, translation adjustments are reflected in results of operations. Generally, the company manages currency risk in these entities by linking prices and contracts to U.S. dollars. The company continues to monitor the economic conditions in Venezuela. On December 30, 2010, the official rate for essential goods was eliminated, with no change to the SITME rate. The SITME rate remained constant throughout the first half of 2011. Future gains or losses from devaluation of the SITME rate are not expected to have a material impact given the size of the company’s operations in Venezuela (less than 1 percent of total 2009 and 2010 revenue, respectively). See the company’s 2010 Annual Report, “Currency Rate Fluctuations,” on page 53 for additional information.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
In the company’s 2010 Annual Report, on pages 47 through 49, there is a discussion of the company’s liquidity including two tables that present five years of data. The table presented on page 47 includes net cash from operating activities, cash and marketable securities and the size of the company’s global credit facilities for each of the past five years. For the six months ended, or as of, as applicable, June 30, 2011, those amounts are $8.1 billion for net cash from operating activities, $11.8 billion of cash and marketable securities and $10 billion in global credit facilities, respectively.
The major rating agencies’ ratings on the company’s debt securities at June 30, 2011 appear in the table on page 66 and remain unchanged from December 31, 2010. The company’s debt securities do not contain any acceleration clauses which could change the scheduled maturities of the obligation. In addition, the company does not have “ratings trigger” provisions in its debt covenants or documentation, which would allow the holders to declare an event of default and seek to accelerate payments thereunder in the event of a change in credit rating. The company’s contractual agreements governing derivative instruments contain standard market clauses which can trigger the termination of the agreement if the company’s credit rating were to fall below investment grade. At June 30, 2011, the fair value of those instruments that were in a liability position was $898 million, before any applicable netting, and this position is subject to fluctuations in fair value period to period based on the level of the company’s outstanding instruments and market conditions. The company has no other contractual
arrangements that, in the event of a change in credit rating, would result in a material adverse effect on its financial position liquidity.
STANDARD AND POOR’S
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE
FITCH RATINGS
Senior long-term debt
A+
Aa3
A-1
Prime-1
F1
The table appearing on page 48 of the 2010 Annual Report presents the format in which management reviews cash flows for each of the past five years and is accompanied by a description of the way cash flow is managed, measured and reviewed. The company prepares its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in accordance with applicable accounting standards for cash flow presentation on page 6 of this Form 10-Q and highlights causes and events underlying sources and uses of cash in that format on page 62. The following is management’s view of cash flows for the first half of 2011 and 2010 prepared in a manner consistent with the table and description on pages 48 and 49 of the 2010 Annual Report:
Net cash from operating activities per GAAP:
Less: the change in Global Financing receivables
1,903
1,883
Net cash from operating activities, excluding Global Financing receivables
6,168
6,320
Capital expenditures, net
(2,010
(1,873
Free cash flow (excluding Global Financing receivables)
4,159
4,446
Acquisitions
Share repurchase
Dividends
Non-Global Financing debt
1,007
1,261
Other (includes Global Financing receivables and Global Financing debt)
4,822
3,241
Change in cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities
(1,732
Free cash flow for the first six months of 2011 decreased $287 million versus the first six months of 2010. The decline year to year was primarily driven by higher net income tax settlement payments in the first quarter of 2011 compared to the prior year; excluding this impact, free cash flow would have increased year to year by approximately $500 million. Also, in the first six months of 2011, $9,720 million was returned to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.
Events that could temporarily change the historical cash flow dynamics discussed above and in the 2010 Annual Report include significant changes in operating results, material changes in geographic sources of cash, unexpected adverse impacts from litigation or future pension funding during periods of severe downturn in the capital markets. Whether any litigation has such an adverse impact will depend on a number of variables, which are more completely described in Note 14, “Contingencies,” on pages 32 to 35 of this Form 10-Q. The company expects to make legally mandated pension plan contributions to certain non-U.S. plans of approximately $800 million in 2011. The company is not quantifying any further impact from pension funding because it is not possible to predict future movements in the capital markets or pension plan funding regulations.
66
Global Financing is a reportable segment that is measured as a standalone entity. Global Financing facilitates clients’ acquisition of IBM systems, software and services with the objective of generating consistently strong returns on equity.
384
342
719
676
682
1,360
1,239
64.0
64.9
65.4
64.7
463
890
After-tax income*
334
306
675
Return on equity*
39.9
39.6
37.8
* See page 71 for the details of the after-tax income and the return on equity calculation.
The increase in revenue in the second quarter, as compared to the same period in 2010, was due to:
· Growth in internal revenue of 26.8 percent driven by increases in used equipment sales (up 38.2 percent to $414 million) primarily to Global Technology Services and in financing revenue (up 1.1 percent to $133 million); partially offset by
· A decline in external revenue of 4.6 percent (11 percent adjusted for currency), due to a decrease in used equipment sales (down 24.9 percent to $119 million), partially offset by an increase in financing revenue (up 3.8 percent to $399 million).
The increase in revenue in the first six months, as compared to the same period in 2010, was due to:
· Growth in internal revenue of 25.1 percent driven by increases in used equipment sales (up 37.1 percent to $758 million) primarily to Global Technology Services and in financing revenue (up 1.6 percent to $285 million); partially offset by
· A decline in external revenue of 4.3 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency), due to a decrease in used equipment sales (down 21.0 percent to $222 million), partially offset by an increase in financing revenue (up 1.6 percent to $812 million).
The increases in financing revenue in the second quarter and the first six months of 2011, compared to the same periods in 2010, were due to higher average asset balances.
Gross profit increased 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010 due to increases in both used equipment sales gross profit and financing gross profit. Gross profit margin decreased 1.0 points due to decreases in financing margins and used equipment sales margins. Gross profit increased 9.7 percent in the first six months of 2011 compared to the prior year also due to increases in used equipment sales gross profit and financing gross profit. Gross profit margin increased 0.7 points due to an improvement in both financing and equipment sales margins.
Pre-tax income increased 7.4 percent to $496 million in the second quarter of 2011 versus the same period in 2010. The increase was driven by the increase in gross profit of $49 million and a decrease in financing receivables provisions of $12 million, partially offset by an increase in other expenses of $26 million. Pre-tax income increased 14.2 percent in the first six months of 2011 compared to the prior year, primarily driven by the increase in gross profit of $120 million and a decrease in
67
financing receivables provisions of $35 million, partially offset by an increase in other expenses of $29M. The decrease in financing receivables provisions in both periods was due to lower specific reserve requirements. Normalizing for $2 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, pre-tax income increased 14.2 percent for the first six months of 2011 versus the prior year period.
Pre-tax margins of 46.5 percent and 48.8 percent, decreased 0.8 points and increased 2.4 points, versus the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively. Pre-tax margins on a normalized basis were 49.0 percent and 46.5 percent for the first six months of 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The increases in return on equity for the second quarter and for the first six months of 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010 were driven by higher after-tax income.
Financial Condition
1,286
1,353
9,370
Equipment under operating leases:
External clients (a)
1,787
Internal clients (b) (c)
341
Client loans
10,559
10,630
Total client financing assets
22,057
22,326
5,240
6,819
Intercompany financing receivables(b) (c)
4,357
4,204
Other receivables
314
321
Other assets
945
790
34,199
35,813
Intercompany payables (b)
4,345
6,717
Debt (d)
3,132
3,016
30,867
32,557
3,332
3,256
(a) Includes intercompany mark-up, priced on an arms-length basis, on products purchased from the company’s product divisions, which is eliminated in IBM’s consolidated results.
(b) Entire amount eliminated for purposes of IBM’s consolidated results and therefore does not appear on pages 4 and 5.
(c) These assets, along with all other financing assets in this table, are leveraged at the value in the table using Global Financing debt.
(d) Global Financing debt is comprised of intercompany loans and external debt. A portion of Global Financing debt is in support of the company’s internal business, or related to intercompany mark-up embedded in the Global Financing assets. See table on page 71.
Sources and Uses of Funds
The primary use of funds in Global Financing is to originate client and commercial financing assets. Client financing assets for end users consist primarily of IBM systems, software and services, but also include non-IBM equipment, software and services to meet IBM clients’ total solutions requirements. Client financing assets are primarily sales-type, direct financing and operating leases for systems products, as well as loans for systems, software and services with terms generally from two to seven years. Global Financing’s client loans are primarily for software and services and are unsecured. These loans are subjected to additional credit analysis to evaluate the associated risk and, when deemed necessary, actions are taken to mitigate risks in the loan agreements which include covenants to protect against credit deterioration during the life of the obligation. Client financing also includes internal activity as described on page 23 of the 2010 IBM Annual Report.
Commercial financing receivables arise primarily from inventory and accounts receivable financing for dealers and remarketers of IBM and non-IBM products. Payment terms for inventory financing and accounts receivable financing
generally range from 30 to 90 days. These short-term receivables are primarily unsecured and are also subjected to additional credit analysis in order to evaluate the associated risk.
At June 30, 2011, substantially all financing assets are IT related assets, and approximately 65 percent of the external portfolio is with investment grade clients with no direct exposure to consumers or mortgage assets.
Originations
The following are total external and internal financing originations.
Client financing:
External
3,348
2,778
6,434
Internal
Commercial financing
8,327
7,536
16,051
14,234
11,675
10,316
22,486
19,273
New financing originations of both commercial and client financing assets exceeded cash collections, which resulted in a net increase in financing assets in the second quarter of 2011 from March 31, 2011. Cash collections of both commercial and client financing assets exceeded new financing originations in the first six months of 2011, which resulted in a net decline in financing assets from December 31, 2010. The increase in originations in both periods in the table above was due to improving volumes in client and commercial financing.
Cash generated by Global Financing was primarily deployed to pay the intercompany payables and dividends to IBM.
Global Financing Receivables and Allowances
The following table presents external financing receivables excluding residual values and the allowance for credit losses.
Gross financing receivables
24,745
26,565
Specific allowance for credit losses
Unallocated allowance for credit losses
Total allowance for credit losses
327
401
Net financing receivables
24,418
26,164
Allowance for credit losses coverage rate
Roll-Forward of Financing Receivables Allowance for Credit Losses (includes current and noncurrent financing receivables)
Additions/
(Reductions)
Allowance
Bad Debt
January 1, 2011
Used*
Other**
* Represents reserved receivables, net of recoveries, which were disposed of during the period.
** Primarily represents translation adjustments.
Global Financing receivables reserve coverage decreased from 1.5 percent at December 31, 2010 to 1.3 percent at June 30, 2011, primarily due to the disposition of receivables previously reserved. Specific reserves decreased 16 percent from $305 million at December 31, 2010 to $255 million at June 30, 2011. Unallocated reserves decreased $24 million from $96 million at December 31, 2010 to $72 million at June 30, 2011 primarily due to the decline in gross financing receivables.
Global Financing’s bad debt expense was a decrease of $22 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to an increase of $13 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The decrease in bad debt expense was attributed to the decline of required specific reserve additions. In the second quarter of 2011, compared to the second quarter of 2010, bad debt expense decreased $12 million.
Residual Value
Residual value is a risk unique to the financing business and management of this risk is dependent upon the ability to accurately project future equipment values at lease inception. Global Financing has insight into product plans and cycles for the IBM products under lease. Based upon this product information, Global Financing continually monitors projections of future equipment values and compares them with the residual values reflected in the portfolio.
Global Financing optimizes the recovery of residual values by selling assets sourced from end of lease, leasing used equipment to new clients, or extending lease arrangements with current clients. Sales of equipment, which are primarily sourced from equipment returned at the end of a lease, represented 50.1 percent and 47.2 percent of Global Financing’s revenue in the second quarter and first six months, respectively, of 2011, and 47.1 percent and 43.6 percent in the second quarter and first six months, respectively, of 2010. The gross profit margin on these sales was 55.2 percent and 55.6 percent in the second quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by lower external sales margins. The gross profit margin was 55.6 percent and 53.3 percent for the first six months of 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase was driven by a mix toward higher margin internal sales, partially offset by decreases in both internal and external sales margins.
The following table presents the recorded amount of unguaranteed residual value for sales-type, direct financing and operating leases at January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2011. In addition, the table presents the residual value as a percentage of the related original amount financed and a run out of when the unguaranteed residual value assigned to equipment on leases at June 30, 2011 is expected to be returned to the company. In addition to the unguaranteed residual value below, on a limited basis, Global Financing will obtain guarantees of the future value of the equipment to be returned at end of lease. These third-party guarantees are included in minimum lease payments as provided for by accounting standards in the determination of lease classifications for the covered equipment and provide protection against risk of loss arising from declines in equipment values for these assets. The residual value guarantee increases the minimum lease payments that are utilized in determining the classification of a lease as a sales-type lease or operating lease. The aggregate asset values associated with the guarantees were $254 million and $125 million for the financing transactions originated during the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively, and $436 million and $216 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively. The associated aggregate guaranteed future values at the scheduled end of lease were $11 million and $7 million for the financing transactions originated during the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively, and $19 million and $12 million for the financing transactions originated during the six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively. The cost of guarantees was $1.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 and $0.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, and $1.9 million and $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively.
Unguaranteed Residual Value
Estimated Run Out of
June 30, 2011 Balance
January 1,
2014 and
Beyond
Sales-type and direct financing leases
871
248
Operating leases
91
Total unguaranteed residual value
1,199
1,107
199
288
Related original amount financed
20,412
19,763
Percentage
Debt-to-equity ratio
x
The company funds Global Financing through borrowings using a debt-to-equity ratio target of approximately 7 to 1. The debt used to fund Global Financing assets is composed of intercompany loans and external debt. The terms of the intercompany loans are set by the company to substantially match the term and currency underlying the financing receivable and are based on arm’s-length pricing. Both assets and debt are presented in the Global Financing balance sheet on page 68.
Global Financing provides funding predominantly for the company’s external client assets, as well as for assets under contract by other IBM units. As previously stated, the company measures Global Financing as a standalone entity, and accordingly, interest expense relating to debt supporting Global Financing’s external client and internal business is included in the “Global Financing Results of Operations” on pages 67 and 68 and in Segment Information on pages 24 to 26.
In the company’s Consolidated Statement of Earnings on page 3, however, the external debt-related interest expense supporting Global Financing’s internal financing to the company is reclassified from cost of financing to interest expense.
The following table provides additional information on total company debt. In this table, intercompany activity includes internal loans and leases at arm’s-length pricing in support of Global Services’ long-term contracts and other internal activity. The company believes these assets should be appropriately leveraged in line with the overall Global Financing business model.
Global Financing Segment
Non-Global Financing Segments
6,383
5,801
Debt supporting operations
9,847
9,041
Intercompany activity
(3,465
(3,240
Global Financing is a segment of the company and therefore, is supported by the company’s overall liquidity position and access to capital markets. Cash generated by Global Financing was primarily deployed to pay intercompany payables and dividends to the company in order to maintain an appropriate debt-to-equity ratio.
Return on Equity
Numerator :
Global Financing after tax income*
Annualized after-tax income (A)
1,337
1,224
1,350
1,180
Denominator :
Average Global Financing equity (B)**
3,353
3,090
3,321
3,116
Global Financing return on equity(A)/(B)
* Calculated based upon an estimated tax rate principally based on Global Financing’s geographic mix of earnings as IBM’s provision for income taxes is determined on a consolidated basis.
** Average of the ending equity for Global Financing for the last 2 quarters and 3 quarters, for the three months ended June 30, and for the six months ended June 30, respectively.
Global Financing’s financial position provides flexibility and funding capacity which enables the company to be well positioned in the current environment. Global Financing’s assets and new financing volumes are primarily IBM products and services financed to the company’s clients and business partners, and substantially all financing assets are IT related assets which provide a stable base of business for future growth. Global Financing’s offerings are competitive and available to clients as a result of the company’s borrowing cost and access to the capital markets. Overall, Global Financing’s originations will be dependent upon the demand for IT products and services as well as client participation rates.
IBM continues to access both the short-term commercial paper market and the medium- and long-term debt markets. A protracted period where IBM could not access the capital markets would likely lead to a slowdown in originations.
Interest rates and the overall economy (including currency fluctuations) will have an effect on both revenue and gross profit. The company’s interest rate risk management policy, however, combined with the Global Financing pricing strategy should mitigate gross margin erosion due to changes in interest rates.
The economy could impact the credit quality of the Global Financing receivables portfolio and therefore the level of provision for credit losses. Global Financing will continue to apply rigorous credit policies in both the origination of new business and the evaluation of the existing portfolio.
As discussed on page 70, Global Financing has historically been able to manage residual value risk both through insight into the company’s product cycles, as well as through its remarketing business.
Global Financing has policies in place to manage each of the key risks involved in financing. These policies, combined with product and client knowledge, should allow for the prudent management of the business going forward, even during periods of uncertainty with respect to the global economy.
GAAP Reconciliation
The tables below provide a reconciliation of the company’s income statement results as reported under GAAP to its operating earnings presentation which is a non-GAAP measure. The company’s calculation of operating earnings, as presented, may differ from similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Please refer to the “Snapshot” section beginning on page 37 for the company’s rationale for presenting operating earnings information.
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
GAAP
Acquisition-related adjustments
Retirement-related adjustments
Operating (Non-GAAP)
S,G&A
(76
R,D&E
Total expense and other (income)
5,036
Provision for income taxes*
1,259
Effective tax rate
25.0
0.1
Diluted earnings per share
0.10
(0.01
Tax impact on operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the GAAP pre-tax income which employs an annual effective tax rate method to the results.
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts) For the three months ended June 30, 2010
(62
(64
4,584
1,183
26.0
25.8
0.06
(0.05
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts) For the six months ended June 30, 2011
(152
(157
9,022
17.6
2,256
0.20
0.00
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts) For the six months ended June 30, 2010
(126
239
8,140
2,100
13.0
0.13
(0.09
Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements
Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current assumptions regarding future business and financial performance. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including the following: a downturn in economic environment and corporate IT spending budgets; the company’s failure to meet growth and productivity objectives; a failure of the company’s innovation initiatives; risks from investing in growth opportunities; failure of the company’s intellectual property portfolio to prevent competitive offerings and the failure of the company to obtain necessary licenses; breaches of data security; fluctuations in financial results and purchases; impact of local legal, economic, political and health conditions; adverse effects from environmental matters, tax matters and the company’s pension plans; ineffective internal controls; the company’s use of accounting estimates; the company’s ability to attract and retain key personnel and its reliance on critical skills; impacts of relationships with critical suppliers and business with government clients; currency fluctuations and customer financing risks; impact of changes in market liquidity conditions and customer credit risk on receivables; reliance on third party distribution channels; the company’s ability to successfully manage acquisitions and alliances; risk factors related to IBM securities; and other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in the company’s Form 10-Q, Form 10-K and in the company’s other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or in materials incorporated therein by reference. The company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.
The company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. There has been no change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II — Other Information
Refer to Note 14, “Contingencies,” on pages 32 to 35 of this Form 10-Q.
The following table provides information relating to the company’s repurchase of common stock for the second quarter of 2011.
Approximate
Dollar Value
Total Number
of Shares that
Average
of Shares Purchased
May Yet Be
of Shares
Price Paid
as Part of Publicly
Purchased Under
Period
Purchased
per Share
Announced Program
the Program(*)
April 1, 2011 – April 30, 2011
9,070,903
165.75
11,171,424,238
May 1, 2011 – May 31, 2011
7,650,540
169.56
9,874,169,839
June 1, 2011 – June 30, 2011
7,367,128
8,653,047,017
24,088,571
166.96
* On October 26, 2010 and April 26, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized $10.0 billion and $8.0 billion, respectively, in funds for use in the company’s common stock repurchase program. In each case, the company stated that it would repurchase shares on the open market or in private transactions depending on market conditions and it expects to use cash from operations for the repurchases. The common stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date. This table does not include shares tendered to satisfy the exercise price in connection with cashless exercises of employee stock options or shares tendered to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with employee equity awards.
On April 28, 2011, IBM filed a Form 8-K disclosing the final voting results in connection with the company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on April 26, 2011. The company will provide an advisory vote on executive compensation (Say on Pay) on an annual basis. The company’s compensation policies and practices continue to be focused on long-term financial performance to drive stockholder value.
Exhibit Number
Statement re: computation of per share earnings.
Statement re: computation of ratios.
31.1
Certification by principal executive officer pursuant to Rule 13A-14(a) or 15D-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification by principal financial officer pursuant to Rule 13A-14(a) or 15D-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification by principal executive officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification by principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, (ii) the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 and (iv) the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
International Business Machines Corporation
(Registrant)
Date: July 26, 2011
By:
/s/ James J. Kavanaugh
James J. Kavanaugh
Vice President and Controller