UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007
OR
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 000-30713
Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
950 Kifer Road
Sunnyvale, California 94086
(Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code)
(408) 523-2100
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO x
The Registrant had 37,470,143 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding as of April 13, 2006.
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PAR VALUE)
(UNAUDITED)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable, net
Inventory
Prepaids
Deferred tax assets
Total current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
Long-term investments
Long-term deferred tax assets
Intangible assets, net
Goodwill
Other assets
Total assets
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Accrued compensation and employee benefits
Deferred revenue
Other accrued liabilities
Total current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, 2,500 shares authorized, $0.001 par value, issuable in series; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively
Common stock, 100,000 shares authorized, $0.001 par value, 37,463 and 37,093 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
Revenue:
Products
Services
Total revenue
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue
Gross profit
Operating costs and expenses:
Selling, general, and administrative
Research and development
Total operating costs and expenses
Income from operations
Interest and other income, net
Income before taxes
Income tax expense
Net income
Net income per share:
Basic
Diluted
Shares used in computing net income per share:
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
Operating Activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation
Amortization of intangible assets
Deferred income taxes
Income tax benefits from employee stock option plans and acquisition
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Prepaids and other assets
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing Activities:
Purchase of investments
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments
Acquisition of property and equipment
Licensing of patents
Net cash used in investing activities
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
Net cash provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In this report, “Intuitive Surgical”, “Intuitive”, and the “Company” refer to Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Intuitive Surgical, Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets the da Vinci Surgical System, which is an advanced surgical system that the Company believes represents a new generation of surgery. The da Vinci Surgical System consists of a surgeon’s console, a patient-side cart, a high performance vision system and proprietary “wristed” instruments. The da Vinci Surgical System seamlessly translates the surgeon’s natural hand movements on instrument controls at the console into corresponding micro-movements of instruments positioned inside the patient through small puncture incisions, or ports. The Company markets its products through sales representatives in the United States, and through a combination of sales representatives and distributors in its international markets.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
In the opinion of management, the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (“financial statements”) of Intuitive Surgical, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) have been prepared on a consistent basis with the December 31, 2006 audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the information set forth herein. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and, therefore, omit certain information and footnote disclosure necessary to present the statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, which was filed on February 15, 2007. The results of operations for the first quarter of fiscal 2007 are not indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year or any future periods.
Capitalized Software Costs for Internal Use
The Company capitalizes the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with Statement of Position 98-1, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use”. Capitalized computer software costs consist of purchased software licenses and implementation and consulting costs for certain projects that qualify for capitalization. Costs related to preliminary project assessment, research and development, re-engineering, training and application management are all expensed as incurred. The Company capitalized costs for a new enterprise resource planning software system (“ERP System”) of $4.8 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. Upon being placed in service, these costs are being depreciated over an estimated useful life of 5 years.
Income Taxes
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“FAS 109”). This interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition of tax benefits, classification on the balance sheet, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The Company adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. In accordance with FIN 48, paragraph 19, the Company has decided to classify interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized a $2.0 million increase in liability for unrecognized tax benefits, which was accounted for as a reduction to the January 1, 2007 balance of retained earnings.
The Company has unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $5.7 million as of January 1, 2007, of which $4.5 million if recognized
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would result in a reduction of the Company's effective tax rate. Interest and penalties are immaterial at the date of adoption and are included in the unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recorded an increase of its unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.9 million as of March 31, 2007. The Company is subject to audit by the IRS and California Franchise Tax Board for all years since inception.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”) which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. SFAS 159 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 159 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
NOTE 3. AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES
The following table summarizes the Company’s investments, which are all classified as available-for-sale (in thousands):
March 31, 2007
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper
Auction rate securities
U.S. corporate debt
Government-sponsored enterprises
Total short-term investments
Long-term investments:
Publicly-traded equity securities
Total long-term investments
Total short and long-term investments
December 31, 2006
U.S. government debt
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The following is a summary of the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments, excluding publicly-traded equity securities, at March 31, 2007, by maturity date (in thousands):
Fair
Value
Mature in less than one year
Mature in one to five years
Total
For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, no realized gains or losses were recognized on the sale of investments. As of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, unrealized gains, net of tax of $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, were included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
NOTE 4. BALANCE SHEET DETAILS
The following table provides details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands):
Raw materials
Work-in-process
Finished goods
Other accrued liabilities, current
Taxes payable
Restructuring reserve
Other
Total other accrued liabilities, current
Total long-term liabilities
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NOTE 5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Comprehensive Income
The components of comprehensive income are as follows (in thousands):
Net income, as reported
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
Comprehensive income
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows (in thousands):
Accumulated net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
Total accumulated other comprehensive income
Warrants
In conjunction with the Computer Motion acquisition in June 2003, the Company assumed warrants to purchase 724,729 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $20.52 per share. The warrants were fully vested and immediately exercisable. Warrants for 79,306 shares of common stock were exercised at a weighted average price of $12.84 and warrants for 7,843 shares of common stock expired during the first quarter of 2007. There are no remaining warrants outstanding.
Stock Option Plans
The Company has several stock-based compensation plans (the “Plans”) that are described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. The Company, under the various equity plans, grants stock options for shares of common stock to employees and directors. In accordance with the Plans, the stated exercise price for non-qualified stock options shall not be less than 85 percent of the estimated fair market value of common stock on the date of grant. Incentive stock options may not be granted at less than 100 percent of the estimated fair market value of the common stock. The Plans provide that the options shall be exercisable over a period not to exceed ten years. The majority of options granted under the Plans vest over a period of four years. Certain options granted under the Plans vest over shorter periods.
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A summary of stock option activity under the Plans for the three months ended March 31, 2007 is presented as follows:
Weighted AverageExercise Price
Per Share
Balance at December 31, 2006 (with 1,729,923 options exerciseable at a weighted-average exercise price of $32.90 per share)
Options granted
Options exercised
Options canceled/expired
Balance at March 31, 2007 (with 1,715,255 options exerciseable at a weighted-average exercise price of $36.59 per share)
Stock-based Compensation
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123(R)”) using the modified prospective transition method, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees and directors including stock options and employee stock purchases. Stock-based compensation expense for stock options and employee stock purchases granted subsequent to January 1, 2006 was based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R). For awards granted prior to, but not vested, as of January 1, 2006, stock-based compensation expense was based on the grant-date fair value, previously estimated, using the Black-Scholes valuation model, in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123. The Company recognizes the stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which generally equals the vesting period of each grant.
The fair value of each option grant and the fair value of the option component of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan shares were estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, assuming no expected dividends:
Average risk free interest rate
Average expected term (years)
Average expected volatility
Weighted average fair value at grant date
Total stock-based compensation expense (000's)
Risk-Free Interest Rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the option or ESPP offering date.
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Expected Term: The Company’s expected term represents the weighted-average period that the Company’s stock options are expected to be outstanding. The expected term is based on the observed and expected time to post-vesting exercise of options by employees. The Company uses historical exercise patterns of previously granted options in relation to stock price movements to derive an employee behavioral pattern used to forecast expected exercise patterns. The expected life used for the employee stock purchase plan is based on the six-month purchase periods within each twenty-four-month offering period.
Expected Volatility: The Company uses a blend of historical volatility and market-based implied volatility. Market-based implied volatility is derived based on one-year traded options on the Company’s common stock. The selection of the proportion of market-based volatility depends, among other things, on the availability of traded options on the Company’s stock and term of such options. Due to sufficient volume of the traded options, during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company used, in accordance with SAB 107, 100% market-based implied volatility. The selection of the implied volatility approach was based upon the availability of traded options on the Company’s stock and the Company’s assessment that implied volatility is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility.
As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.
The effect of recording stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Cost of sales - products
Cost of sales - services
Total cost of sales
Selling, general and administrative
Stock-based compensation expense before income tax benefit
Income taxes
Stock-based compensation expense after income taxes
Effect on:
Net income per share - Basic and Diluted
As of March 31, 2007, approximately $91.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.2 years. Unrecognized compensation costs associated with the employee stock purchases as of March 31, 2007 is approximately $4.3 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were approximately $5.3 million and $2.8 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net cash proceeds from shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, was $3.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively.
NOTE 6. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
In January 2007, the Company announced that it is closing its operations in France and moving its international headquarters to Switzerland. The Company believes this restructuring will streamline its international operations and optimize its tax structure for the long term. The Company anticipates incurring restructuring costs of approximately $820,000 through the end of 2009, primarily relating to employee severance arrangements, relocation costs and lease termination costs.
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In accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities”, the Company recorded employee severance costs of approximately $266,000 in selling, general and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and as of March 31, 2007, no payments have been made. As employees are generally required to render service through their termination dates, a portion of their severance payments will be recognized ratably over the future service periods. In addition, the Company expects to record excess facilities costs on the cease use date of the facilities. The Company expects to incur the remaining charges of approximately $554,000 and make the related payments through the end of fiscal 2009.
NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES
As part of the process of preparing the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves estimating the current tax liability under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Income tax expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 was $15.1 million, or 38.9% of pre-tax income, compared to $9.5 million, or 39.6% of pre-tax income for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2007 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes, partially offset by research and development credits generated in 2007 and domestic production deductions expected to be generated in 2007, which the Company did not benefit from in the past due to utilization of net operating losses. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2006 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes.
NOTE 8. NET INCOME PER SHARE
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Basic:
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Basic net income per share
Diluted:
Weighted-average shares outstanding used in basic calculation
Add common stock equivalents
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income per share
Diluted net income per share
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Employee stock options to purchase approximately 1,868,106 and 890,780 shares for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, were outstanding, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive.
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In this report, "Intuitive Surgical", "Intuitive", the "Company", "we", "us", and "our" refer to Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
This management's discussion and analysis of financial condition as of March 31, 2007 and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 should be read in conjunction with management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations concerning matters that are not historical facts. Words such as “projects”, “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends” and similar words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expected business, new product introductions, results of operations, future financial position, our ability to increase our revenues, the mix of our revenues between product and service revenues, our financing plans and capital requirements, our costs of revenue, our expenses, our potential tax assets or liabilities, the effect of recent accounting pronouncements, our investments, cash flows and our ability to finance operations from cash flows and similar matters and include statements based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the economies and markets in which we operate and our beliefs and assumptions regarding these economies and markets. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are based on current expectation and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those risk factors described throughout this filing and detailed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 and other periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, particularly in Part I, “Item 1A: Risk Factors”. Our actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.
Intuitive®, da Vinci®, da Vinci®S™, TilePro™, Solo Surgery™, EndoWrist®, InSite®, AESOP®, HERMES®, ZEUS®, SOCRATES™ and Navigator™ are trademarks of Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
Overview
Products. We design, manufacture and marketda Vinci Surgical Systems, which are advanced surgical systems that we believe represent a new generation of surgery—the third generation. The da Vinci Surgical System consists of a surgeon’s console, a patient-side cart and a high performance vision system. The product line also includes proprietary “wristed” instruments and surgical accessories. The da Vinci Surgical System seamlessly translates the surgeon’s natural hand movements on instrument controls at a console into corresponding micro-movements of instruments positioned inside the patient through small puncture incisions, or ports. We believe that the da Vinci Surgical System is the only commercially available technology that can provide the surgeon with intuitive control, range of motion, fine tissue manipulation capability and 3-D HD visualization, while simultaneously allowing the surgeons to work through the small ports of minimally invasive surgery, or MIS. By placing computer-enhanced technology between the surgeon and the patient, we believe that the da Vinci Surgical System enables surgeons to improve clinical outcomes while reducing the invasiveness of complex surgical procedures. The da Vinci Surgical System is sold into multiple surgical specialties, principally urology, gynecology, cardiothoracic, and general surgery.
Business Model. In our business model, we generate revenue from both the initial capital sales of da Vinci Surgical Systems as well as recurring revenue, comprised of instrument, accessory, service, and training revenue. The da VinciSurgical System sells for approximately $1.0 million to $1.7 million, depending on configuration, and represents a significant capital equipment investment for our customers. We then generate recurring revenue as our customers purchase ourEndoWrist instruments and accessory products for use in performing procedures with the da Vinci Surgical System. EndoWrist instruments and accessories will either expire or wear out as they are used in surgery and will need to be replaced as they are consumed. We generate additional recurring revenue from ongoing system service and customer training. We typically enter into service contracts at the time the system is sold. These service contracts have been generally renewable at the end of the service period, typically at an annual rate of approximately $100,000 to $150,000 per year, depending on configuration of the underlying system.
Since the introduction of the da Vinci Surgical System in 1999, our established base of da Vinci Surgical Systems has grown and robotic surgery volume has increased. Recurring revenue has grown at an equal or faster rate than capital revenue. Over the past five years, revenue generated from the sale of instruments and accessories, service and training increased from 22% of revenue in 2002 to 45% of revenue in 2006. Recurring revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2007 was $58.1 million, or 51% of total revenue.
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We expect recurring revenue to become a larger percentage of total revenue in the future.
2007 Business Events and Trends
Introduction. We experienced rapid growth during 2006 and through the first quarter of 2007, which was driven by the continued adoption of the da Vinci Surgical System for use in urologic, gynecologic, cardiothoracic, and general surgeries.
First Quarter 2007 Financial Highlights
Revenue grew 48% to $114.2 million during the first quarter of 2007 from $77.3 million during the first quarter of 2006.
Instruments and accessories revenue grew 73% to $40.3 million during the first quarter of 2007 from $23.3 million during the first quarter of 2006.
Recurring revenue grew 66.4% to $58.1 million from $34.9 million during the first quarter of 2006.
We sold 44 da Vinci Surgical Systems during the first quarter of 2007, an increase of 26% compared to 35 in the first quarter of 2006.
As of March 31, 2007, we had a da Vinci Surgical System installed base of 602 systems, 461 in North America, 101 in Europe, and 40 in the rest of the world.
Operating income increased by 58% to $34.3 million, or 30% of revenue, during the first quarter of 2007 from $21.7 million, or 28% of revenue during the first quarter of 2006. Operating income includes $8.1 million and $5.1 million during the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense for the estimated value of employee stock options and stock purchases.
Our business continues to demonstrate the ability to generate significant positive cash flow while supporting our rapid business growth. Cash, cash equivalents, and investments increased by $54.5 million from the fourth quarter of 2006, as we ended the first quarter of 2007 with $384.8 million in cash, cash equivalents, and investments.
Procedure adoption
We believe the adoption of da Vincisurgery occurs surgical procedure by surgical procedure, and it is being adopted for those procedures which offer significant patient value. The value of a surgical procedure to a patient is higher if it offers superior clinical outcomes, less surgical trauma, or both.
The procedures that have driven the most growth in our business recently are the da Vinci Prostatectomy and the daVinci Hysterectomy. During 2006 and the first quarter of 2007, da Vinci Prostatectomy procedures represented more than half of all the da Vinci surgical procedures. da Vinci Prostatectomy procedures are expected to grow more than 50% from 2006 to 2007. The da Vinci Hysterectomy procedure was our fastest growing procedure from a percentage growth standpoint in 2006 and the first quarter 2007, and it is expected to grow more than 150% from 2006 to 2007.
Regulatory Clearances
We believe that we have obtained all of the clearances required to market our products to our targeted surgical specialties within the United States. The following table lists chronologically our FDA clearances to date:
July 2000 - General laparoscopic procedures
March 2001 - Non-cardiac thoracoscopic procedures
May 2001 - Prostatectomy procedures
November 2002 - Cardiotomy procedures
July 2004 - Cardiac revascularization procedures
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March 2005 - Urologic surgical procedures
April 2005 - Gynecologic surgical procedures
June 2005 - Pediatric surgical procedures
New Products
In January 2007, we launched the high definition (HD), vision system in the United States. The HD vision system provides 20% more viewing area and enhances visualization of tissue planes and critical anatomy compared with our standard vision system. The digital zoom feature in the 3-D HD vision system allows surgeons to magnify the surgical field of view without adjusting endoscope position and reduces interference between the endoscope and instruments. We believe the new 3-D HD vision system will enable improved surgical outcomes. The 3-D HD vision is available as an option on new da Vinci S Surgical Systems and as an upgrade option to our existing customers who own a da Vinci S Surgical System. During the first quarter of 2007, 21 of the 33 da Vinci S systems sold in the United States were the 3-D HD systems. In addition, we sold two 3-D HD vision system upgrades.
International Reorganization
In January 2007, we announced plans to restructure our international operations. We plan to close our international headquarters located in France and re-establish our international headquarters in Switzerland. We believe this reorganization will streamline our international operations and optimize our tax structure for the long term. We do not anticipate realizing benefits from the lower tax rates until fiscal 2008 at the earliest. The current reorganization plan will result in costs for relocation of the European operations and certain employees, severance of certain employees, the set-up of new facilities and information technology infrastructure, and other costs associated with the transition. Based upon the plan, we expect to incur reorganization costs of approximately $2.0 million in 2007. Expenses incurred during the first quarter 2007 were approximately $0.6 million.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of income information (in thousands):
Products gross profit
Services gross profit
Total Revenue
Overall revenue increased to $114.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 from $77.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. First quarter of 2007 revenue growth was driven by the continued adoption of da Vinci surgery. We believe that robotic surgery will be adopted surgical procedure by surgical procedure. Our revenue growth during the periods presented reflects adoption progress made in all of our target procedures. da Vinciprostatectomy (dVP) has been our most successful procedure to date and has been a significant sales catalyst. An increasing body of clinical evidence had indicated that dVP offers superior surgical outcomes compared to traditional open prostatectomy in the critical categories of cancer removal, continence, and sexual potency.
In 2006, da Vinci Hysterectomy (dVH) emerged as our fastest growing procedure on a percentage of growth basis. Favorable clinical results have been reported in hysterectomies for cancerous pathology, which include increased lymph node retrieval counts and significant reduction in blood transfusion. For most patients, a minimally invasive approach using the da Vinci Surgical System offers reduced pain, less blood loss, shorter hospital stays and a quicker return to normal daily activities.
Revenue within the United States accounted for 82% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 81% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2006. We believe domestic revenue accounted for the large majority of total revenue due primarily to the competitive nature of the domestic healthcare market. We also believe that at this stage, as we penetrate the early adopters of robotic surgery, revenue will continue to concentrate in the U.S. market, as U.S. hospitals are generally more willing to invest in technology that will drive incremental patients into their healthcare systems. We expect that as adoption progresses and we reach standard of care for target procedures, international revenue will increase as a percentage of overall revenue.
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The following table summarizes our revenue and da Vinci Surgical System unit sales for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in millions, except unit sales):
Instruments and accessories
Systems
Total product revenue
Services and training
Recurring revenue
% of total revenue
Domestic
International
da Vinci Surgical System unit sales
Product Revenue
Product revenue increased to $96.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 from $65.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The $30.8 million (47%) increase was due to higher systems, instruments and accessories revenue.
Instruments and accessories revenue increased to $40.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, up 73% compared to $23.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase resulted from a larger number of installed systems in 2007 and increased utilization per system.
Systems revenue increased to $56.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007 from $42.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006, primarily due to the growth in the number of systems reflecting adoption of robotic surgery and increased average selling price (ASPs) resulting from the higher priced da Vinci S and da Vinci HD Surgical Systems. We sold 44 da Vinci Surgical Systems during the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to 35 systems sold during the three months ended March 31, 2006. The 44 systems sold during the three months ended March 31, 2007 consisted of 38 da Vinci S Surgical Systems, of which 21 systems were the 3-D HD systems, and 6 standard da Vinci Surgical Systems. In addition, we sold HD and fourth arm upgrades of $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to $0.3 million of fourth arm upgrades during the three months ended March 31, 2006. The average revenue recognized per da Vinci system was $1.25 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to $1.18 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Service and Training Revenue
Service and training revenue increased to $17.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 from $11.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. We typically enter into service contracts at the time systems are sold. These service contracts have been generally renewed at the end of the service period. Higher first quarter of 2007 system service revenue was driven by a larger base of da Vinci Surgical Systems producing contract service revenue and higher revenue earned per system under service contract.
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There were approximately 559 systems under service contract entering the first quarter of 2007 generating an average of $32,000 per system for the quarter, compared to 394 systems entering the first quarter of 2006 generating an average of $29,000 per system for the quarter. The increase in service revenue per system was driven by a higher percentage of four-arm da Vinci Systems and da Vinci S Surgical Systems in the first quarter of 2007 installed base, which typically carry a higher contractual service rate than three-arm systems.
Gross Profit
Product gross profit during the three months ended March 31, 2007 was $67.3 million, or 70% of product revenue, compared to $45.7 million, or 70% of product revenue, during the three months ended March 31, 2006. The higher first quarter of 2007 product gross profit was driven by higher 2007 product revenue, as described above. First quarter product gross profit, for 2007 and 2006 included $0.7 and $0.5 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively.
Service gross profit during the three months ended March 31, 2007 was $9.2 million, or 52% of service revenue, compared to $5.9 million, or 51% during the three months ended March 31, 2006. The higher first quarter of 2007 service gross profit was driven by higher service revenue, as described above. First quarter service gross profit, for 2007 and 2006 included $0.5 and $0.3 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel costs for sales, marketing and administrative personnel, tradeshow expenses, legal expenses, regulatory fees and general corporate expenses.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2007 were $33.9 million, up 43% from $23.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase is due to higher commissions related to higher revenue levels, increased headcount, particularly in our sales group, international reorganization costs and increased stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense charged to sales, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 were $5.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses are expected to increase in the future to support our expanding business.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include costs associated with the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products. These enhancements represent significant improvements to our products.
Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2007 were $8.2 million, compared to $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase is due to the growth in our research and development organization, higher prototype expenses, and stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense charged to research and development expense for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 were $1.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively. We expect to continue to make substantial investments in research and development and anticipate that research and development expense will continue to increase in the future.
Interest and Other Income, Net
Interest and other income, net, comprised mostly of interest income, was $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. Interest income was $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase resulted primarily from higher interest income earned on higher first quarter of 2007 cash and investment balances and higher first quarter of 2007 interest rates.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2007 was $15.1 million, or 38.9% of pre-tax income, compared to $9.5 million, or 39.6% of pre-tax income for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2007 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% due primarily to state income taxes, partially offset by research and development credits generated in 2007, and domestic production deductions which the Company did not benefit from in the past due to utilization of net operating losses. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2006 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our principal source of liquidity is cash provided by operations and the exercise of stock options. Cash and cash equivalents plus short and long-term investments increased from $330.3 million at December 31, 2006 to $384.8 million at March 31, 2007. Cash generation is one of our fundamental strengths and provides us with substantial financial flexibility in meeting our operating, investing and financing needs.
Consolidated Cash Flow Data
Net cash provided by (used in) (in thousands)
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, cash flow from operations of $33.4 million exceeded our net income of $23.8 million mainly due to non-cash charges in the form of stock-based compensation, taxes, depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets of approximately $11.9 million.
Working capital is comprised primarily of accounts receivable, inventory, deferred revenue and other current liabilities. Accounts receivable decreased $4.2 million or 5% in the first quarter of 2007 resulting from cash collections on sales. Inventory increased $2.0 million or 8% in the first quarter of 2007 due to increased sales volume. Deferred revenue, which includes deferred service contract revenue that is being amortized over the service contract period, increased $2.6 million or 7% in the first quarter of 2007, which is primarily related to the increase in the number of installed systems for which service contracts exist. Other current liabilities including accounts payable, accrued compensation and employee benefits, and accrued liabilities decreased $6.2 million or 14% in the first quarter of 2007 primarily due to the payment of 2006 incentive compensation during the three months ended March 31, 2007. Other accrued liabilities fluctuate with changes in the volume of our business and the timing of vendor payments.
For the three months ended March 31, 2006, cash flow from operations of $16.1 million exceeded our net income of $14.5 million for two primary reasons:
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 consisted primarily of purchases of investments (net of proceeds from sales and maturities of investments) of $34.4 million and $18.8 million, respectively, and purchases of property and equipment and licensing of patents of $2.7 million and $4.1 million, respectively. Our investments are in U.S. government notes and bonds, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper and auction rate securities, and generated approximately
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4.9% interest in the first quarter of 2007. We are not a capital-intensive business. Our purchases of property and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2007 related mainly to facilities and information technology infrastructure to support capacity expansion in our business.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2007 consisted primarily of proceeds from stock options and warrants exercises of $9.7 million and excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $12.5 million. Net cash flows provided by financing activities in the first quarter of 2006 consisted primarily of proceeds from stock options and warrants exercises of $6.5 million.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our critical accounting policies and estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 and there have been no material changes other than to the income taxes policy discussed below .
Our accounting policy for income taxes was recently modified due to the adoption of FIN 48 and is described below.
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“FAS 109”). This interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition of tax benefits, classification on the balance sheet, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. We adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. FIN 48 requires significant judgment in determining what constitutes an individual tax position as well as assessing the outcome of each tax position. Changes in judgment as to recognition or measurement of tax positions can materially affect the estimate of the effective tax rate and consequently, affect our operating results.
For additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk affecting our Company, see Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. There have been no material changes in the market risk affecting us since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. At March 31, 2007, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of bank deposits, commercial paper and money market funds. Our investments consisted of municipal bonds, federal agency bonds, commercial paper and related securities. We did not hold any derivative financial instruments. Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of interest rates and the changes can affect the interest earned on our investments.
The majority of our revenue, expense, and capital purchasing activities are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, since a portion of our operations consists of sales activities outside of the United States, we have entered into transactions in other currencies, primarily the euro. To date, the fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have not had a material impact on our results of operations.
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in SEC Rule 13a-15(e), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Securities Exchange Act of 1934 reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is
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accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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We are involved in various legal proceedings and disputes that arise in the normal course of business. These matters include product liability actions, patent infringement actions, contract disputes, and other matters. We do not know whether we will prevail in these matters nor can we assure that any remedy could be reached on commercially viable terms, if at all. Based on currently available information, we believe that we have meritorious defenses to these actions and that the resolution of these cases is not likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or future results of operations. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies”, we record a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.
In January 2007, the California Institute of Technology filed a patent infringement suit against our company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. We believe the lawsuit is without merit and have filed an action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California seeking a declaration that we do not infringe the Caltech patents. We intend to vigorously defend our company in this matter.
There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors from those disclosed in the 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
None.
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Description
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
/s/ MARSHALL L. MOHR
Date: April 23, 2007
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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