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Watchlist
Account
JPMorgan Chase
JPM
#15
Rank
$823.62 B
Marketcap
๐บ๐ธ
United States
Country
$302.55
Share price
-0.03%
Change (1 day)
9.26%
Change (1 year)
๐ฆ Banks
๐ณ Financial services
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Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
Financial Year FY2023 Q2
JPMorgan Chase - 10-Q quarterly report FY2023 Q2
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended
Commission file
June 30, 2023
number
1-5805
JPMorgan Chase & Co
.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
13-2624428
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. employer
identification no.)
383 Madison Avenue,
New York,
New York
10179
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (
212
)
270-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock
JPM
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 5.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DD
JPM PR D
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series EE
JPM PR C
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG
JPM PR J
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.55% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series JJ
JPM PR K
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL
JPM PR L
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.20% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series MM
JPM PR M
The New York Stock Exchange
Alerian MLP Index ETNs due May 24, 2024
AMJ
NYSE Arca, Inc.
Guarantee of Callable Fixed Rate Notes due June 10, 2032 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
JPM/32
The New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☒
Yes
☐
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
☒
Yes
☐
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐
Yes
☒
No
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023:
2,906,085,273
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I – Financial information
Page
Item 1.
Financial Statements.
Consolidated Financial Statements – JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three
and six
months ended
June
3
0
, 2023 and 2022
96
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three
and six
months ended
June
3
0
, 2023 and 2022
97
Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) at
June
3
0
, 2023 and December 31, 2022
98
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three
and six
months ended
June
3
0
, 2023 and 2022
99
Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the
six
months ended
June
3
0
, 2023 and 2022
100
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
101
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
197
Consolidated Average Balance Sheets, Interest and Rates (unaudited) for the three
months ended
June
3
0
, 2023 and 2022
198
Glossary of Terms and Acronyms and Line of Business Metrics
200
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Consolidated Financial Highlights
3
Introduction
4
Executive Overview
5
Consolidated Results of Operations
10
Consolidated Balance Sheets and Cash Flows Analysis
16
Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
20
Business Segment Results
22
Firmwide Risk Management
47
Capital Risk Management
48
Liquidity Risk Management
54
Consumer Credit Portfolio
65
Wholesale Credit Portfolio
70
Investment Portfolio Risk Management
83
Market Risk Management
84
Country Risk Management
90
Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm
91
Accounting and Reporting Developments
94
Forward-Looking Statements
95
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
209
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures.
209
Part II – Other information
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings.
209
Item 1A.
Risk Factors.
209
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
209
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
210
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures.
210
Item 5.
Other Information.
210
Item 6.
Exhibits.
211
2
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated financial highlights (unaudited)
As of or for the period ended, (in millions, except per share, ratio, headcount data and where otherwise noted)
Six months ended June 30,
2Q23
1Q23
4Q22
3Q22
2Q22
2023
2022
Selected income statement data
Total net revenue
$
41,307
$
38,349
$
34,547
$
32,716
$
30,715
$
79,656
$
61,432
Total noninterest expense
20,822
20,107
19,022
19,178
18,749
40,929
37,940
Pre-provision profit
(a)
20,485
18,242
15,525
13,538
11,966
38,727
23,492
Provision for credit losses
2,899
2,275
2,288
1,537
1,101
5,174
2,564
Income before income tax expense
17,586
15,967
13,237
12,001
10,865
33,553
20,928
Income tax expense
3,114
3,345
2,229
2,264
2,216
6,459
3,997
Net income
$
14,472
$
12,622
$
11,008
$
9,737
$
8,649
$
27,094
$
16,931
Earnings per share data
Net income: Basic
$
4.76
$
4.11
$
3.58
$
3.13
$
2.77
$
8.86
$
5.40
Diluted
4.75
4.10
3.57
3.12
2.76
8.85
5.39
Average shares: Basic
2,943.8
2,968.5
2,962.9
2,961.2
2,962.2
2,956.1
2,969.6
Diluted
2,948.3
2,972.7
2,967.1
2,965.4
2,966.3
2,960.5
2,973.7
Market and per common share data
Market capitalization
422,661
380,803
393,484
306,520
330,237
422,661
330,237
Common shares at period-end
2,906.1
2,922.3
2,934.3
2,933.2
2,932.6
2,906.1
2,932.6
Book value per share
98.11
94.34
90.29
87.00
86.38
98.11
86.38
Tangible book value per share (“TBVPS”)
(a)
79.90
76.69
73.12
69.90
69.53
79.90
69.53
Cash dividends declared per share
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
Selected ratios and metrics
Return on common equity (“ROE”)
(b)
20
%
18
%
16
%
15
%
13
%
19
%
13
%
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”)
(a)(b)
25
23
20
18
17
24
16
Return on assets
(b)
1.51
1.38
1.16
1.01
0.89
1.45
0.87
Overhead ratio
50
52
55
59
61
51
62
Loans-to-deposits ratio
54
47
49
46
45
54
45
Firm Liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) (average)
(c)
112
114
112
113
110
112
110
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. LCR (average)
(c)
129
140
151
165
169
129
169
Common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio
(d)
13.8
13.8
13.2
12.5
12.2
13.8
12.2
Tier 1 capital ratio
(d)
15.4
15.4
14.9
14.1
14.1
15.4
14.1
Total capital ratio
(d)
17.3
17.4
16.8
16.0
15.7
17.3
15.7
Tier 1 leverage ratio
(c)(d)
6.9
6.9
6.6
6.2
6.2
6.9
6.2
Supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”)
(c)(d)
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.3
5.3
5.8
5.3
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Trading assets
$
636,996
$
578,892
$
453,799
$
506,487
$
465,577
$
636,996
$
465,577
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
612,203
610,075
631,162
618,246
663,718
612,203
663,718
Loans
1,300,069
1,128,896
1,135,647
1,112,633
1,104,155
1,300,069
1,104,155
Total assets
3,868,240
3,744,305
3,665,743
3,773,884
3,841,314
3,868,240
3,841,314
Deposits
2,398,962
2,377,253
2,340,179
2,408,615
2,471,544
2,398,962
2,471,544
Long-term debt
364,078
295,489
295,865
287,473
288,212
364,078
288,212
Common stockholders’ equity
285,112
275,678
264,928
255,180
253,305
285,112
253,305
Total stockholders’ equity
312,516
303,082
292,332
288,018
286,143
312,516
286,143
Headcount
300,066
(e)
296,877
293,723
288,474
278,494
300,066
(e)
278,494
Credit quality metrics
Allowances for credit losses
$
24,288
$
22,774
$
22,204
$
20,797
$
20,019
$
24,288
$
20,019
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans
1.75
%
1.85
%
1.81
%
1.70
%
1.69
%
1.75
%
1.69
%
Nonperforming assets
$
7,838
$
7,418
$
7,247
$
7,243
$
7,845
$
7,838
$
7,845
Net charge-offs
1,411
1,137
887
727
657
2,548
1,239
Net charge-off rate
0.47
%
0.43
%
0.33
%
0.27
%
0.25
%
0.45
%
0.24
%
As of and for the period ended June 30, 2023, the results of the Firm include the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 and Note 28 for additional information.
(a)
Pre-provision profit, TBVPS and ROTCE are each non-GAAP financial measures. Tangible common equity (“TCE”) is also a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a further discussion of these measures.
(b)
Quarterly ratios are based upon annualized amounts.
(c)
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the percentage represents average ratios for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(d)
The ratios reflect the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) capital transition provisions. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 of this Form 10-Q and pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
(e)
Excluded 5,132 individuals associated with the First Republic acquisition who became employees effective July 2, 2023
.
3
INTRODUCTION
The following is Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”) for the second quarter of 2023.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2023 (“Form 10-Q”) should be read together with JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”). Refer to the Glossary of terms and acronyms and line of business metrics on pages 200–208 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout this Form 10-Q.
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management, speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Refer to Forward-looking Statements on page
95
of this Form 10-Q; Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of the 2022 Form 10-K; and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on page
209
of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties. There is no assurance that actual results will be in line with any outlook information set forth herein, and the Firm does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with operations worldwide. JPMorgan Chase had $3.9 trillion in assets and $312.5 billion in stockholders’ equity as of June 30, 2023. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers, predominantly in the U.S., and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients globally.
JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiary is JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”), a national banking association with U.S. branches in 48 states and Washington, D.C. JPMorgan Chase’s principal non-bank subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“J.P. Morgan Securities”), a U.S. broker-dealer. The bank and non-bank subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase operate nationally as well as through overseas branches and subsidiaries, representative offices and subsidiary foreign banks. The Firm’s principal operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. are J.P. Morgan Securities plc and J.P. Morgan SE (“JPMSE”), which are subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and are based in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Germany, respectively.
For management reporting purposes, the Firm’s activities are organized into four major reportable business segments, as well as a Corporate segment. The Firm’s consumer business segment is Consumer & Community Banking (“CCB”). The Firm’s wholesale business segments are the Corporate & Investment Bank (“CIB”), Commercial Banking (“CB”), and Asset & Wealth Management (“AWM”). Refer to Business Segment Results on pages 22-46 and Note 27 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, for a description of the Firm’s business segments and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases. On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
The Firm's website is www.jpmorganchase.com. JPMorgan Chase makes available on its website, free of charge, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files or furnishes such material to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) at www.sec.gov. JPMorgan Chase makes new and important information about the Firm available on its website at https://www.jpmorganchase.com, including on the Investor Relations section of its website at https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir. Information on the Firm's website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q or the Firm’s other filings with the SEC.
4
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
This executive overview of the MD&A highlights selected information and does not contain all of the information that is important to readers of this Form 10-Q. For a complete description of the trends and uncertainties, as well as the risks and critical accounting estimates affecting the Firm, this Form 10-Q and the 2022 Form 10-K should be read together and in their entirety.
Financial performance of JPMorgan Chase
(unaudited)
As of or for the period ended,
(in millions, except per share data and ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Selected income statement data
Noninterest revenue
$
19,528
$
15,587
25%
$
37,166
$
32,432
15%
Net interest income
21,779
15,128
44
42,490
29,000
47
Total net revenue
41,307
30,715
34
79,656
61,432
30
Total noninterest expense
20,822
18,749
11
40,929
37,940
8
Pre-provision profit
20,485
11,966
71
38,727
23,492
65
Provision for credit losses
2,899
1,101
163
5,174
2,564
102
Net income
14,472
8,649
67
27,094
16,931
60
Diluted earnings per share
4.75
2.76
72
8.85
5.39
64
Selected ratios and metrics
Return on common equity
20
%
13
%
19
%
13
%
Return on tangible common equity
25
17
24
16
Book value per share
$
98.11
$
86.38
14
$
98.11
$
86.38
14
Tangible book value per share
79.90
69.53
15
79.90
69.53
15
Capital ratios
(a)
CET1 capital
13.8
%
12.2
%
13.8
%
12.2
%
Tier 1 capital
15.4
14.1
15.4
14.1
Total capital
17.3
15.7
17.3
15.7
Memo:
NII excluding Markets
(b)
$
22,370
$
13,682
63
$
43,306
$
25,434
70
NIR excluding Markets
(b)
13,013
10,158
28
23,031
21,243
8
Markets
(b)
7,018
7,790
(10)
15,400
16,543
(7)
Total net revenue - managed basis
$
42,401
$
31,630
34
$
81,737
$
63,220
29
(a)
The ratios reflect the CECL capital transition provisions. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 of this Form 10-Q and pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
(b)
NII and NIR refer to net interest income and noninterest revenue, respectively. Markets consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.
Comparisons noted in the sections below are for the second quarter of 2023 versus the second quarter of 2022, unless otherwise specified.
Firmwide overview
For the second quarter of 2023, JPMorgan Chase reported net income of $14.5 billion, up 67%, earnings per share of $4.75, ROE of 20% and ROTCE of 25%. The Firm's results for the second quarter of 2023 included an estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion in Corporate and a net addition to the allowance for credit losses of $1.2 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition. The Firm's results also included investment securities losses of $900 million in Treasury and CIO.
•
Total net revenue
was $41.3 billion, up 34%, reflecting:
–
Net interest income of $21.8 billion, up 44%, driven by higher rates and, to a lesser extent, the impact of the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by lower Markets net interest income and lower average deposit
balances. Net interest income excluding Markets was $22.4 billion, up 63%.
–
Noninterest revenue was $19.5 billion, up 25%, driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition, higher Markets noninterest revenue and the absence of losses on equity investments in Payments in the prior year, partially offset by higher net investment securities losses in Treasury and CIO. The impact of the First Republic acquisition included a $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain in Corporate.
–
Total Markets revenue declined reflecting lower Markets NII, largely offset by higher NIR.
•
Noninterest expense
was $20.8 billion, up 11%, driven by higher compensation expense due to additional headcount and the impact of wage inflation, $599 million expense associated with the First Republic acquisition, higher technology and marketing investments and higher legal expense.
5
•
The
provision for credit losses
was $2.9 billion, reflecting a $1.5 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and $1.4 billion of net charge-offs. The net addition to the allowance for credit losses
included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments. The net addition also reflected:
–
$233 million in
consumer
predominantly in
Card Services, and
–
$79 million in
wholesale
reflecting $389 million in CB, largely offset by a $243 million reduction in Corporate.
Net charge-offs increased $754 million,
predominantly driven by CCB, primarily Card Services
, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels.
The prior year included a $428 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs of $657 million.
•
The total
allowance for credit losses
was $24.3 billion at June 30, 2023. The Firm had an allowance for loan losses to retained loans coverage ratio of 1.75%, compared with 1.69% in the prior year.
•
The Firm’s
nonperforming assets
totaled $7.8 billion at June 30, 2023, relatively flat from the prior year, as lower consumer nonaccrual loans due to loan sales in the prior year were offset by higher wholesale nonaccrual loans, reflecting client-specific downgrades. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 for additional information.
•
Firmwide
average loans
of $1.2 trillion were up 13%, driven by higher loans in CCB and CB, largely as a result of the First Republic acquisition.
•
Firmwide
average deposits
of $2.4 trillion were down 6%,
driven by:
–
the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM; declines in CIB and CB primarily due to continued deposit attrition, which for CIB included actions to reduce certain deposits; and a net decline in CCB primarily from existing accounts due to increased customer spending,
partially offset by
–
the impact of the First Republic acquisition in CCB, and an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for additional information.
Selected capital and other metrics
•
CET1 capital
was $236 billion, and the Standardized and Advanced CET1 ratios were 13.8% and 13.9%, respectively.
•
SLR
was 5.8%.
•
TBVPS
grew 15%, ending the second quarter of 2023 at $79.90.
•
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm had eligible end-of-period
High Quality Liquid Assets
(“HQLA”) of approximately $792 billion and
unencumbered marketable securities
with a fair value of approximately $620 billion, resulting in approximately $1.4 trillion of liquidity sources. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for additional information.
Refer to Consolidated Results of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 10-15 and pages 16-19, respectively, for a further discussion of the Firm's results; and Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Pre-provision profit, ROTCE, TCE, TBVPS, NII and NIR excluding Markets, and total net revenue on a managed basis are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a further discussion of each of these measures.
6
Business segment highlights
Selected business metrics for each of the Firm’s four lines of business ("LOB") are presented below for the second quarter of 2023.
CCB
ROE 38%
•
Average deposits down 2%; client investment assets up 42%
•
Average loans up 19% year-over-year ("YoY") and 15% quarter-over-quarter ("QoQ"); Card Services net charge-off rate of 2.41%
•
Debit and credit card sales volume
(a)
up 7%
•
Active mobile customers
(b)
up 10%
CIB
ROE 15%
•
#1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees with 8.4% wallet share year-to-date
•
Total Markets revenue of $7.0 billion, down 10%, with Fixed Income Markets down 3% and Equity Markets down 20%
CB
ROE 16%
•
Gross Investment Banking and Markets revenue of $767 million, down 3%
•
Average loans up 23% YoY and 14% QoQ; average deposits down 8%
AWM
ROE 29%
•
Assets under management ("AUM") of $3.2 trillion, up 16%
•
Average loans up 1% YoY and 4% QoQ; average deposits down 21%
(a)
Excludes Commercial Card.
(b)
Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days. As of June 30, 2023, excludes the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to the Business Segment Results on pages 22-46 for a detailed discussion of results by business segment.
Credit provided and capital raised
JPMorgan Chase continues to support consumers, businesses and communities around the globe. The Firm provided new and renewed credit and raised capital for wholesale and consumer clients during the first six months of 2023, consisting of:
$ 1.2 trillion
Total credit provided and capital raised (including loans and commitments)
$120
billion
Credit for consumers
$17
billion
Credit for U.S. small businesses
$520 billion
Credit for corporations
$535 billion
Capital raised for corporate clients and non-U.S. government entities
$24
billion
Credit and capital raised for nonprofit and U.S. government entities
(a)
(a)
Includes states, municipalities, hospitals and universities.
7
Recent events
•
Basel III Finalization: In July 2023, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") and the FDIC released a proposal to amend the risk-based capital framework, entitled "Regulatory capital rule: Amendments applicable to large banking organizations and to banking organizations with significant trading activity". Under the proposal, changes would include replacement of the advanced approach with an expanded risk-based approach, which would not permit the use of internal models for the calculation of risk-weighted assets, other than for Market risk. In addition, the stress capital buffer requirement would be applicable to both the expanded risk-based approach and the standardized approach. The proposal would significantly revise risk-based capital requirements for all banks with assets of $100 billion or more, including the Firm and other U.S. global systemically important banks ("GSIBs"). The proposed effective date is July 1, 2025 with a three year transition period applicable to the expanded risk-based approach.
•
GSIB Surcharge: In July 2023, the Federal Reserve also released a proposal to amend the calculation of the GSIB surcharge. If adopted as proposed, these amendments would require the Firm to assess its GSIB surcharge on an annual basis, using the average of the quarterly surcharge calculations throughout the calendar year, with daily averaging required for certain measures within the surcharge calculation. Surcharge increments would be reduced from 50bp to 10bp and there would also be other technical amendments to the Method 2 calculation. The proposed amendments would revise risk-based capital requirements for the Firm and other U.S. GSIBs, and would become effective on two calendar quarters after the adoption of the final rule.
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 for additional information.
Outlook
These current expectations are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management, speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Refer to Forward-Looking Statements on page
95
of this Form 10-Q; Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of the 2022 Form 10-K; and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on page
209
of this Form 10-Q for a further discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the other factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties. There is no assurance that actual results in 2023 will be in line with the outlook information set forth below, and the Firm does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements.
JPMorgan Chase’s current outlook for full-year 2023 should be viewed against the backdrop of the global and U.S. economies,
financial markets activity, the geopolitical environment, the competitive environment, client and customer activity levels, and regulatory and legislative developments in the U.S. and other countries where the Firm does business. Each of these factors will affect the performance of the Firm. The Firm will continue to make appropriate adjustments to its businesses and operations in response to ongoing developments in the business, economic, regulatory and legal environments in which it operates.
In May 2023, the FDIC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking recommending a special assessment related to the systemic risk determination made on March 12, 2023, to recover losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF") arising from the protection of uninsured depositors resulting from recent bank resolutions. In its current form, the rule would impose a special assessment at an annual rate of 12.5 basis points on certain banks’ estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022. If this rule is finalized as proposed, the Firm expects to recognize an estimated assessment expense of approximately $3 billion (pre-tax) in the quarter in which the rule is finalized, which is expected to occur in the second half of 2023.
Full-year 2023
•
Management expects both net interest income and net interest income excluding Markets to be approximately $87 billion, market dependent.
•
Management expects adjusted expense to be approximately $84.5 billion, market dependent and excluding any FDIC special assessment.
•
Management expects the net charge-off rate in Card Services to be approximately 2.6%.
Net interest income excl
uding Markets and adjusted expense are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on
pages 20-21
.
8
Business Developments
First Republic acquisition
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as receiver, for
$67.9 billion
, resulting in an estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion recorded in other income. In connection with the First Republic acquisition, the Firm issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note"), and entered into shared-loss agreements with the FDIC with respect to certain loans acquired and lending-related commitments assumed in the acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the period ended June 30, 2023 reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Where meaningful to the disclosure, the impact of the First Republic acquisition is disclosed in various sections of this Form 10-Q. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with the First Republic acquisition, to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. The Firm also continues to evaluate to which segments certain clients, products and services associated with the First Republic acquisition, including deposits, should be allocated. Accordingly, reporting classifications and allocations may change in future periods, including across the Firm's segments.
Current market and economic conditions
Refer to Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on
page
209
of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of material risk factors that could affect the Firm. These risk factors include potential impacts to the Firm associated with current market and economic conditions, including inflationary pressures, higher interest rates and geopolitical tensions (including secondary effects of the war in Ukraine), any or all of which could result in additional market disruption, government actions (including with respect to monetary policies), ongoing impacts to global supply chains, and other geopolitical risks.
Interbank Offered Rate (“IBOR”) transition
The publication of the remaining principal tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR (i.e., overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month LIBOR) ceased on June 30, 2023 (“LIBOR Cessation”). The one-month, three-month and six-month tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR will continue to be published on a "synthetic" basis, which will allow market participants to use such rates for certain legacy LIBOR-linked contracts through September 30, 2024.
In the second quarter of 2023, the Firm successfully converted predominantly all of its cleared derivatives contracts linked to U.S. dollar LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as part of initiatives by the principal central counterparties (“CCPs”) to convert cleared derivatives prior to LIBOR Cessation. Nearly all of the Firm’s other U.S. dollar LIBOR-linked products that remained outstanding at LIBOR Cessation will be remediated through contractual fallback provisions or through the framework provided by the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (“LIBOR Act”). The Firm continues its client outreach activities with respect to the limited amount of contracts that continue to reference “synthetic” U.S. dollar LIBOR in order to complete remediation by September 30, 2024.
Refer to Business Developments on page 50 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
9
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the
three and six months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022, unless otherwise specified. Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment's results. Refer to pages 91-93 of this Form 10-Q and pages 149-152 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations.
Revenue
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Investment banking fees
$
1,513
$
1,586
(5)
%
$
3,162
$
3,594
(12)
%
Principal transactions
6,910
4,990
38
14,525
10,095
44
Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,828
1,873
(2)
3,448
3,712
(7)
Asset management fees
3,774
3,517
7
7,239
7,169
1
Commissions and other fees
1,739
1,723
1
3,434
3,433
—
Investment securities losses
(900)
(153)
(488)
(1,768)
(547)
(223)
Mortgage fees and related income
278
378
(26)
499
838
(40)
Card income
1,094
1,133
(3)
2,328
2,108
10
Other income
(a)(b)
3,292
540
NM
4,299
2,030
112
Noninterest revenue
19,528
15,587
25
37,166
32,432
15
Net interest income
21,779
15,128
44
42,490
29,000
47
Total net revenue
$
41,307
$
30,715
34
%
$
79,656
$
61,432
30
%
(a) Included operating lease income of $716 million and $945 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and an estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition in Corporate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24, and Notes 6 and 28 for additional information.
(b) I
ncludes losses on tax-oriented investments.
Refer to Note 6 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Investment banking fees
decreased in CIB, reflecting:
•
lower advisory fees due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment,
largely offset by
•
higher equity underwriting fees primarily due to
higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
Refer to C
IB segment results on pages 30-36 and Note 6 for additional information.
Principal transactions revenue
increased, reflecting:
•
higher Equity Markets revenue in principal transactions, primarily in Prime Finance,
•
higher Fixed Income Markets revenue in principal transactions, driven by Securitized Products and Fixed Income Financing, partially offset by lower revenue in Rates and Currencies & Emerging Markets,
–
the increase in Markets principal transactions revenue was more than offset by a decline in Markets NII, primarily due to higher funding costs
•
the absence of $337 million of markdowns in the prior year on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio in CIB and CB,
•
a gain of $36 million in Credit Adjustments & Other in CIB, compared with a loss of $218 million in the prior year,
and
•
higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO,
partially offset by
•
net losses on certain legacy private equity investments in Corporate, compared with net gains in the prior year.
Principal transactions revenue in CIB generally has offsets across other revenue lines, including net interest income. The Firm assesses the performance of its Markets business on a total net revenue basis.
Refer to CIB, CB and Corporate segment results on pages 30-36, pages 37-40 and pages 45-46, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information.
Lending- and deposit-related fees
decr
eased due to:
•
lower cash management fees in CIB and CB associated with the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees,
largely offset by
•
higher lending-related fees driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition in AWM and CCB.
Refer to CIB, CB and AWM segment results on pages 30-36, pages 37-40 and pages 41-44, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information.
Asset management fees
increase
d driven by:
•
higher management fees on strong net inflows in AWM, and
•
the impact of the First Republic acquisition in CCB.
Refer to CCB and AWM segment results on pages 25-29 and
10
pages 41-44, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information; and Business Segment Results on page 24 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Investment securities losses
reflected higher net losses on sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio in Treasury and CIO. R
efer to Corporate segment results on pages 45-46 and Note 10 for additional information.
Mortgage fees and related income
decreased in Home Lending, reflecting lower production revenue due to a decline in volume, and lower net mortgage servicing revenue.
Refer to CCB segment results on pages 25-29 and Notes 6 and 15 for additional information.
Card income
decreased driven by:
•
lower net interchange income as a result of an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to the terms of certain reward programs in CCB,
largely offset by
•
higher payments-related revenue, reflecting growth in Commercial Card in CIB and CB.
Refer to
CCB, CIB and CB segment results on pages 25-29, pages 30-36 and pages 37-40, respectively, Critical Accounting Estimates on pages 91-93,
and Note 6 for additional information.
Other income
incre
ased, reflecting:
•
the $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition in Corporate,
•
the absence of losses on equity investments in Payments in the prior year, and
•
the impact of net investment hedges in Treasury and CIO,
partially offset by
•
lower auto operating lease income in CCB due to a decline in volume, and
•
the absence of a gain in the prior year on an equity-method investment received in partial satisfaction of a loan in CB
.
Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition; and
Note
5
for additional information on net investment hedges.
Net interest income
increased driven by higher rates and, to a lesser extent,
the impact from the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by lower Markets net interest income and lower average deposit balances.
The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $3.3 trillion, down $42 billion, and the yield was 5.01%, up 279 basis points (“bps”). The net yield on these assets, on an FTE basis, was 2.62%, an increase of 82 bps. The net yield excluding Markets was 3.83%, up 157 bps.
Refer to the Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates schedule on page
198
for further information; and Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional i
nformation on the First Republic acquisition.
Net yield excluding Markets is a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a further discussion of Net yield excluding Markets.
Year-to-date results
Investment banking fees
decreased in CIB, reflecting:
•
lower debt underwriting fees as challenging market conditions resulted in lower issuance activity
in acquisition financing
, and
•
lower advisory fees due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment,
partially offset by
•
higher equity underwriting fees primarily due to
higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the second quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
Principal transactions revenue
increased, reflecting:
•
higher Fixed Income Markets net revenue in principal transactions, driven by Securitized Products and Fixed Income Financing, partially offset by lower revenue in Currencies & Emerging Markets
and Rates
,
•
higher Equity Markets revenue in principal transactions, primarily in Prime Finance,
–
the increase in Markets principal transactions revenue was more than offset by a decline in Markets NII, primarily due to higher funding costs
•
losses of $117 million in Credit Adjustments & Other in CIB, driven by
losses on certain components of fair value option elected liabilities,
compared with losses of $742 million in the prior year,
and
•
higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO.
Lending- and deposit-related fees
decr
eased due to:
•
lower cash management fees in CB and CIB associated with the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees,
partially offset by
•
higher lending-related fees driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition in AWM and CCB.
Asset management fees
in
creased driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition in CCB.
A
sset management fees in AWM was relatively flat, as the decline in market levels was predominantly offset by the removal of most money market fund fee waivers and the impact of net inflows.
Commissions and other fees
was relatively flat.
Refer to CIB and AWM segment results on pages 30-36 and pages 41-44, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information.
Investment securities losses
reflected higher net losses on sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio in both periods in Treasury and CIO.
Mortgage fees and related income
decreased driven by
11
Home Lending, reflecting lower production revenue due to a decline in volume, and lower net mortgage servicing revenue due to lower net gains in MSR risk management.
Card income
increased driven by higher payments-related revenue, reflecting growth in Commercial Card in CIB and CB.
Net interchange income in CCB was relatively flat as the benefit in partner payments in the first quarter of 2023 related to a periodic tax refund on airline miles redeemed was offset by an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to the terms of certain reward programs.
Other income
in
creased, reflecting:
•
the $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition in Corporate,
•
the impact of net investment hedges in Treasury and CIO, and
•
a gain of $339 million recognized in first quarter of 2023 in AWM on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in the entity,
partially offset by
•
lower auto operating lease income in CCB due to a decline in volume,
•
the absence of proceeds in the prior year from an insurance settlement,
•
the absence of a gain in the prior year on an equity-method investment received in partial satisfaction of a loan in CB, and
•
lower net gains related to certain other Corporate investments
.
Net interest income
increased driven by higher rates and, to a lesser extent, higher revolving balances in Card Services and
the impact from the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by lower Markets net interest income and lower average deposit balances.
The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $3.3 trillion, down $113 billion, and the yield was 4.85%, up 281 basis points (“bps”). The net yield on these assets, on an FTE basis, was 2.63%, an increase of 89 bps. The net yield excluding Markets was 3.82%, up 171 bps.
12
Provision for credit losses
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Consumer, excluding credit card
$
555
$
62
NM
$
803
$
235
242
%
Credit card
1,324
730
81
%
2,546
1,236
106
Total consumer
1,879
792
137
3,349
1,471
128
Wholesale
1,007
303
232
1,811
1,088
66
Investment securities
13
6
117
14
5
180
Total provision for credit losses
$
2,899
$
1,101
163
%
$
5,174
$
2,564
102
%
Quarterly results
The
provision for credit losses
was $2.9 billion, reflecting a $1.5 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and $1.4 billion of net charge-offs.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, composed of $763 million in
wholesale
and $400 million in
consumer
.
The net addition also reflected:
•
$233 million in
consumer
predominantly in
Card Services, and
•
$79 million in
wholesale
reflecting $389 million in CB, largely offset by a $243 million reduction in Corporate.
Net charge-offs increased $754 million, predominantly driven by CCB, primarily Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels.
The prior year included a $428 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs of $657 million.
Refer to CCB segment results on pages 25-29, CIB on pages 30-36, CB on pages 37-40, AWM on pages 41-44,
Corporate on pages 45-46;
Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82; Notes 10 and 13 for additional information on the credit portfolio and the allowance for credit losses; and
Business segment results on page 24 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Year-to-date results
The
provision for credit losses
was $5.2 billion, reflecting a $2.6 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and $2.5 billion of net charge-offs.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.5 billion, consisting of:
•
$800 million in
wholesale,
predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
•
$649 million in
consumer
, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The net addition also included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023.
Net charge-offs increased $1.3 billion, predominantly driven by CCB, primarily
Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels.
The prior year included a $1.3 billion net addit
ion to the allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs of $1.2 billion.
13
Noninterest expense
(in millions)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Compensation expense
$
11,216
$
10,301
9
%
$
22,892
$
21,088
9
%
Noncompensation expense:
Occupancy
1,070
1,129
(5)
2,185
2,263
(3)
Technology, communications and equipment
(a)
2,267
2,376
(5)
4,451
4,736
(6)
Professional and outside services
2,561
2,469
4
5,009
5,041
(1)
Marketing
1,122
881
27
2,167
1,801
20
Other expense
(b)(c)
2,586
1,593
62
4,225
3,011
40
Total noncompensation expense
9,606
8,448
14
18,037
16,852
7
Total noninterest expense
$
20,822
$
18,749
11
%
$
40,929
$
37,940
8
%
(a)
Includes depreciation expense associated with auto operating lease assets.
(b)
Included Firmwide legal expense of $420 million and $73 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $596 million and $192 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; as well as FDIC-related expense of $338 million and $216 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $655 million and $414 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.
(c)
Included expense associated with the First Republic acquisition of $599 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Compensation expense
increased driven by:
•
additional headcount, primarily in technology and front office, as well as the impact of wage inflation, and
•
higher revenue-related compensation in AWM, partially offset by a decline in revenue-related compensation in CIB.
Noncompensation expense
increased as a result of
:
•
$599 million expense associated with the First Republic acquisition, substantially all of which is in Corporate,
•
higher investments in the businesses, including marketing and technology,
•
higher legal expense, largely in Corporate, and
•
higher structural expense, including the impact of the increase in the FDIC assessment that was announced in October 2022,
partially offset by
•
lower volume-related expense, reflecting lower depreciation expense on lower Auto lease assets.
Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Year-to-date results
Compensation expense
increased driven by:
•
additional headcount, primarily in technology and front office, as well as the impact of wage inflation, and
•
higher revenue-related compensation in AWM, partially offset by a decline in revenue-related compensation in CIB.
Noncompensation expense
increased as a result of
:
•
expense associated with the First Republic acquisition, substantially all of which is in Corporate,
•
higher investments in the business, including marketing and technology,
•
higher legal expense across the LOBs and Corporate, and
•
higher structural expense, including the impact of the increase in the FDIC assessment that was announced in October 2022, and higher travel and entertainment expense,
partially offset by
•
lower volume-related expense, reflecting lower depreciation expense on lower Auto lease assets.
14
Income tax expense
(in millions)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Income before income tax expense
$
17,586
$
10,865
62
%
$
33,553
$
20,928
60
%
Income tax expense
3,114
2,216
41
6,459
3,997
62
Effective tax rate
17.7
%
20.4
%
19.3
%
19.1
%
Quarterly results
The
effective tax rate
decreased, reflecting:
•
the impact of the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition that was reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, which resulted in a reduction in the Firm’s effective tax rate of 3.4 percentage points,
partially offset by
•
the higher level of pre-tax income and changes in the mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes.
Year-to-date results
The
effective tax rate
was relatively flat, reflecting:
•
the higher level of pre-tax income and changes in the mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes, as well as the lower benefits related to vesting of employee stock based awards,
predominantly offset by
•
the impact of the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition that was reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, which resulted in a reduction in the Firm’s effective tax rate.
15
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND CASH FLOWS ANALYSIS
Consolidated balance sheets analysis
The following is a discussion of the significant changes between June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Change
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
26,064
$
27,697
(6)
%
Deposits with banks
469,059
539,537
(13)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
325,628
315,592
3
Securities borrowed
163,563
185,369
(12)
Trading assets
636,996
453,799
40
Available-for-sale securities
203,262
205,857
(1)
Held-to-maturity securities
408,941
425,305
(4)
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
612,203
631,162
(3)
Loans
1,300,069
1,135,647
14
Allowance for loan losses
(21,980)
(19,726)
(11)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
1,278,089
1,115,921
15
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
111,561
125,189
(11)
Premises and equipment
29,493
27,734
6
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets
64,238
60,859
6
Other assets
151,346
182,884
(17)
Total assets
$
3,868,240
$
3,665,743
6
%
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
decreased primarily as a result of the First Republic acquisition, which included the impact of the repayment of deposits provided to First Republic Bank in March 2023 by the consortium of large U.S. banks and amounts paid to the FDIC, as well as CIB Markets activities. Deposits with banks reflect the Firm’s placement of its excess cash with various central banks, including the Federal Reserve Banks.
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
increased due to the impact of a lower level of netting on a reduced level of resale balances in Markets.
Securities borrowed
decreased driven by Markets, reflecting lower client-driven activities and lower demand for securities to cover short positions.
Refer to Note 11 for additional information on securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed.
Trading assets
increased due to higher levels of debt and equity instruments in Markets, in response to demand from client-driven market-making activities, and when compared with the seasonally lower levels at year-end. Refer to Notes 2 and 5 for additional information.
Investment securities
decreased due to:
•
lower available-for-sale ("AFS") securities driven by paydowns, maturities and net sales, partially offset by $25.8 billion of securities associated with the First Republic acquisition as well as the transfer of securities from held-to-maturity in the first quarter of 2023 (“HTM”), and
•
lower HTM securities driven by paydowns, maturities and the transfer of securities to AFS.
Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 45-46,
Investment Portfolio Risk Management on page
83
, and Notes 2 and 10 for additional information.
Loans
increased, reflecting
:
•
$150 billion of loans associated with the First Republic acquisition, primarily reflected in CCB, CB and AWM.
The increase also included:
•
growth in new accounts and revolving balances which continued to normalize to pre-pandemic levels in Card Services, and
•
higher revolver utilization and originations in CB,
partially offset by
•
lower securities-based lending in AWM.
The
allowance for loan losses
increased, reflecting:
•
a net addition to the allowance for loan losses of $1.8 billion,
c
onsisting of:
–
$1.1 billion in
wholesale,
predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
–
$620 million in
consumer
, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty, and
•
$1.1 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans in the second quarter of 2023.
16
The allowance for loan losses also reflected a reduction of $587 million, on January 1, 2023, as a result of the adoption of
the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance. References in this Form 10-Q to "changes to the TDR accounting guidance" pertain to the Firm's adoption of this guidance.
There was also a $196 million net reduction in the allowance for lending-related commitments recognized in other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, which included a $97 million addition
to establish the allowance for the First Republic lending-related commitments
.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83, and Notes 2, 3, 12 and 13 for additional information on loans and the total allowance for credit losses; and Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
decreased primarily due to lower client receivables related to client-driven activities in Markets.
Premises and equipment
increased as a result of the First Republic acquisition, largely lease right-of-use assets, and the construction-in-process associated with the Firm's headquarters. Refer to Note 17 for information on leases.
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets
increased predominantly due to the other intangibles and goodwill related to the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in CIFM, and the core deposit intangibles associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to Note 15 and 28 for additional information.
Other assets
decreased reflecting lower cash collateral placed with central counterparties ("CCPs").
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data (continued)
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Change
Liabilities
Deposits
$
2,398,962
$
2,340,179
3
%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
266,272
202,613
31
Short-term borrowings
41,022
44,027
(7)
Trading liabilities
178,809
177,976
—
Accounts payable and other liabilities
286,934
300,141
(4)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”)
19,647
12,610
56
Long-term debt
364,078
295,865
23
Total liabilities
3,555,724
3,373,411
5
Stockholders’ equity
312,516
292,332
7
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
3,868,240
$
3,665,743
6
%
Deposits
increased, reflecting:
•
increases in CIB due to deposit inflows related to client-driven activities and net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•
$68 billion of deposits in CCB associated with the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by a net decline primarily in existing accounts due to increased customer spending,
and
•
an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives,
partially offset by
•
the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment
, and
•
ongoing attrition in CB driven by higher rates and seasonal outflows, predominantly offset by inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023
.
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
in
creased due to higher secured financing of trading assets and the impact of a lower level of netting on client-driven market-making activities in Markets.
Short-term borrowings
decreased predominantly as a result of lower financing requirements in Markets, partially offset by short-term FHLB advances associated with the First Republic acquisition in Treasury and CIO.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on
pages 54-61 for additional information on deposits, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, and short-term borrowings; Notes 2 and 16 for deposits and Note 11 for federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements; Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Trading liabilities
: refer to Notes 2 and 5 for additional information.
Accounts payable and other liabilities
decreased primarily due to lower client payables related to client-driven activities in Markets.
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
increased driven by higher levels of Firm-administered multi-seller conduit commercial paper held by third parties, reflecting changes in the Firm’s short-term liquidity management, and an increase in loans in the conduits in CIB. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 and Notes 14 and 24 for add
itional information, specifically Firm-sponsored VIEs and loan securitization trusts.
17
Long-term debt
increased, reflecting the impact of the First Republic acquisition, which included the Purchase Money Note issued to the FDIC, and $25 billion of FHLB advances, partially offset by maturities and redemptions in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61; and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Stockholders’ equity
: refer to Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page
99
,
Capital Actions on page
52
,
and Note 21 for a
dditional information.
18
Consolidated cash flows analysis
The following is a discussion of cash flow activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(in millions)
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
Net cash provided by/(used in)
Operating activities
$
(92,376)
$
24,101
Investing activities
5,551
(125,811)
Financing activities
14,642
48,970
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
72
(18,834)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
$
(72,111)
$
(71,574)
Operating activities
•
In 2023, cash used resulted from higher trading assets and lower accounts payable, partially offset by lower other assets, securities borrowed and accrued interest and accounts receivable.
•
In 2022, cash provided reflected higher accounts payable and other liabilities, trading liabilities, and net proceeds from loans held-for-sale, predominantly offset by higher trading assets and accrued interest and accounts receivable.
Investing activities
•
In 2023, cash provided reflected net proceeds from investment securities, largely offset by higher net originations of loans, higher securities purchased under resale agreements, and net cash used in the First Republic acquisition.
•
In 2022, cash used resulted from higher securities purchased under resale agreements, net originations of loans, and net purchases of investment securities.
Financing activities
•
In 2023, cash provided reflected higher securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, largely offset by net activity in deposits, which included the impact of the repayment of the deposits provided to First Republic Bank by the consortium of large U.S. banks that the Firm assumed as part of the First Republic acquisition, as well as net payments on long- and short-term borrowings.
•
In 2022, cash provided reflected higher securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements and net proceeds from long- and short-term borrowings.
•
For both periods, cash was used for repurchases of common stock and cash dividends on common and preferred stock.
* * *
Refer to Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 16-19, Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53, and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on page
100
of this Form 10-Q, and pages 97-104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the activities affecting the Firm’s cash flows.
19
EXPLANATION AND RECONCILIATION OF THE FIRM’S USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The Firm prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and this presentation is referred to as “reported” basis; these financial statements appear on pages 96-100.
In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, the Firm also reviews and uses certain non-GAAP financial measures at the Firmwide and segment level. These non-GAAP measures include:
•
Firmwide “managed” basis results, including the overhead ratio, which include certain reclassifications to present total net revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities (“FTE” basis);
•
Pre-provision profit, which represents total net revenue less total noninterest expense;
•
Net interest income, net yield, and noninterest revenue excluding Markets;
•
TCE, ROTCE, and TBVPS;
•
Adjusted expense, which represents noninterest expense excluding Firmwide legal expense; and
•
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits.
Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use Of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 58-60 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of management’s use of non-GAAP financial measures.
The following summary tables provide a reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis.
Three months ended June 30,
2023
2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
(a)
Managed
basis
Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
(a)
Managed
basis
Other income
$
3,292
$
990
$
4,282
$
540
$
812
$
1,352
Total noninterest revenue
19,528
990
20,518
15,587
812
16,399
Net interest income
21,779
104
21,883
15,128
103
15,231
Total net revenue
41,307
1,094
42,401
30,715
915
31,630
Total noninterest expense
20,822
NA
20,822
18,749
NA
18,749
Pre-provision profit
20,485
1,094
21,579
11,966
915
12,881
Provision for credit losses
2,899
NA
2,899
1,101
NA
1,101
Income before income tax expense
17,586
1,094
18,680
10,865
915
11,780
Income tax expense
3,114
1,094
4,208
2,216
915
3,131
Net income
$
14,472
NA
$
14,472
$
8,649
NA
$
8,649
Overhead ratio
50
%
NM
49
%
61
%
NM
59
%
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
(a)
Managed
basis
Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
(a)
Managed
basis
Other income
$
4,299
$
1,857
$
6,156
$
2,030
$
1,587
$
3,617
Total noninterest revenue
37,166
1,857
39,023
32,432
1,587
34,019
Net interest income
42,490
224
42,714
29,000
201
29,201
Total net revenue
79,656
2,081
81,737
61,432
1,788
63,220
Total noninterest expense
40,929
NA
40,929
37,940
NA
37,940
Pre-provision profit
38,727
2,081
40,808
23,492
1,788
25,280
Provision for credit losses
5,174
NA
5,174
2,564
NA
2,564
Income before income tax expense
33,553
2,081
35,634
20,928
1,788
22,716
Income tax expense
6,459
2,081
8,540
3,997
1,788
5,785
Net Income
$
27,094
NA
$
27,094
$
16,931
NA
$
16,931
Overhead ratio
51
%
NM
50
%
62
%
NM
60
%
(a)
Predominantly recognized in CIB, CB and Corporate.
20
The following table provides information on net interest income, net yield, and noninterest revenue excluding Markets.
(in millions, except rates)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Net interest income – reported
$
21,779
$
15,128
44
%
$
42,490
$
29,000
47
%
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
104
103
1
224
201
11
Net interest income – managed basis
(a)
$
21,883
$
15,231
44
$
42,714
$
29,201
46
Less: Markets net interest income
(b)
(487)
1,549
NM
(592)
3,767
NM
Net interest income excluding Markets
(a)
$
22,370
$
13,682
63
$
43,306
$
25,434
70
Average interest-earning assets
$
3,343,780
$
3,385,894
(1)
$
3,280,619
$
3,393,879
(3)
Less: Average Markets interest-earning assets
(b)
1,003,877
957,304
5
993,283
960,556
3
Average interest-earning assets excluding Markets
$
2,339,903
$
2,428,590
(4)
%
$
2,287,336
$
2,433,323
(6)
%
Net yield on average interest-earning assets – managed basis
2.62
%
1.80
%
2.63
%
1.74
%
Net yield on average Markets interest-earning assets
(b)
(0.19)
0.65
(0.12)
0.79
Net yield on average interest-earning assets excluding Markets
3.83
%
2.26
%
3.82
%
2.11
%
Noninterest revenue – reported
$
19,528
$
15,587
25
%
$
37,166
$
32,432
15
%
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
990
812
22
1,857
1,587
17
Noninterest revenue – managed basis
$
20,518
$
16,399
25
$
39,023
$
34,019
15
Less: Markets noninterest revenue
(b)
7,505
6,241
20
15,992
12,776
25
Noninterest revenue excluding Markets
$
13,013
$
10,158
28
$
23,031
$
21,243
8
Memo: Total Markets net revenue
(b)
$
7,018
$
7,790
(10)
$
15,400
$
16,543
(7)
(a)
Interest includes the effect of related hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(b)
Refer to page 35 for further information on Markets.
The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity to TCE.
Period-end
Average
(in millions, except per share and ratio data)
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Common stockholders’ equity
$
285,112
$
264,928
$
277,885
$
247,986
$
274,560
$
250,234
Less: Goodwill
52,380
51,662
52,342
50,575
52,031
50,442
Less: Other intangible assets
3,629
1,224
2,191
1,119
1,746
1,007
Add: Certain deferred tax liabilities
(a)
3,097
2,510
2,902
2,503
2,727
2,500
Tangible common equity
$
232,200
$
214,552
$
226,254
$
198,795
$
223,510
$
201,285
Return on tangible common equity
NA
NA
25
%
17
%
24
%
16
%
Tangible book value per share
$
79.90
$
73.12
NA
NA
NA
NA
(a)
Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
21
BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a definition of managed basis.
Description of business segment reporting methodology
Results of the business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results includes the allocation of certain income and expense items. The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each LOB on at least an annual basis. The Firm’s LOBs also provide various business metrics which are utilized by the Firm and its investors and analysts in assessing performance.
Revenue sharing
When business segments join efforts to sell products and services to the Firm’s clients and customers, the participating business segments may agree to share revenue from those transactions. Revenue is generally recognized in the segment responsible for the related product or service, with allocations to the other segment(s) involved in the transaction. The segment results reflect these revenue-sharing agreements.
Funds transfer pricing
Funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) is the process by which the Firm allocates interest income and expense to the LOBs and Other Corporate and transfers the primary interest rate risk and liquidity risk to Treasury and CIO.
The funds transfer pricing process considers the interest rate risk and liquidity risk characteristics of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet products. Periodically the methodology and assumptions utilized in the FTP process are adjusted to reflect economic conditions and other factors, which may impact the allocation of net interest income to the segments.
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk is transferred from the LOBs and Other Corporate to Treasury and CIO for certain revenues and expenses. Treasury and CIO manages these risks centrally and reports the impact of foreign exchange rate movements related to the transferred risk in its results. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 84-89 for additional information.
Capital allocation
The amount of capital assigned to each business segment is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs may change. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm updated its line of business capital allocations to reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Line of business equity on page
51
, and page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
Refer to Business Segment Results – Description of business segment reporting methodology on pages 61-62 and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of those methodologies.
22
Segment results – managed basis
The following tables summarize the Firm’s results by segment for the periods indicated.
Three months ended June 30,
Consumer & Community Banking
Corporate & Investment Bank
Commercial Banking
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Total net revenue
$
17,233
$
12,558
(a)
37
%
$
12,519
$
12,003
(a)
4%
$
3,988
$
2,683
49
%
Total noninterest expense
8,313
7,658
(a)
9
6,894
6,810
(a)
1
1,300
1,156
12
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
8,920
4,900
82
5,625
5,193
8
2,688
1,527
76
Provision for credit losses
1,862
761
145
38
59
(36)
1,097
209
425
Net income/(loss)
5,306
3,108
(a)
71
4,092
3,717
(a)
10
1,208
994
22
Return on equity (“ROE”)
38
%
24
%
15
%
14
%
16
%
15
%
Three months ended June 30,
Asset & Wealth Management
Corporate
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Total net revenue
$
4,943
$
4,306
15
%
$
3,718
$
80
NM
$
42,401
$
31,630
34
%
Total noninterest expense
3,163
2,919
8
1,152
206
459
20,822
18,749
11
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
1,780
1,387
28
2,566
(126)
NM
21,579
12,881
68
Provision for credit losses
145
44
230
(243)
28
NM
2,899
1,101
163
Net income/(loss)
1,226
1,004
22
2,640
(174)
NM
14,472
8,649
67
ROE
29
%
23
%
NM
NM
20
%
13
%
Six months ended June 30,
Consumer & Community Banking
Corporate & Investment Bank
Commercial Banking
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Total net revenue
$
33,689
$
24,740
(a)
36
%
$
26,119
$
25,579
(a)
2%
$
7,499
$
5,081
48
%
Total noninterest expense
16,378
15,313
(a)
7
14,377
14,173
(a)
1
2,608
2,285
14
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
17,311
9,427
84
11,742
11,406
3
4,891
2,796
75
Provision for credit losses
3,264
1,439
127
96
504
(81)
1,514
366
314
Net income/(loss)
10,549
6,016
(a)
75
8,513
8,089
(a)
5
2,555
1,844
39
ROE
39
%
23
%
15
%
15
%
17
%
14
%
Six months ended June 30,
Asset & Wealth Management
Corporate
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Total net revenue
$
9,727
$
8,621
13
%
$
4,703
$
(801)
NM
$
81,737
$
63,220
29
%
Total noninterest expense
6,254
5,779
8
1,312
390
236
40,929
37,940
8
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
3,473
2,842
22
3,391
(1,191)
NM
40,808
25,280
61
Provision for credit losses
173
198
(13)
127
57
123
5,174
2,564
102
Net income/(loss)
2,593
2,012
29
2,884
(1,030)
NM
27,094
16,931
60
ROE
31
%
23
%
NM
NM
19
%
13
%
(a)
In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
23
The following sections provide a comparative discussion of the Firm’s results by segment as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 versus the corresponding period in the prior year, unless otherwise specified.
Selected Firmwide Metrics
The following tables present key metrics for Wealth Management, which consists of the Global Private Bank in AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management in CCB; and total revenue and key metrics for J.P. Morgan Payments, which consists of payments activities in CIB and CB. This presentation is intended to provide investors with additional information concerning Wealth Management and J.P. Morgan Payments, each of which consists of similar business activities conducted across LOBs to serve different types of clients and customers.
Selected metrics - Wealth Management
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2022
Client assets (in billions)
(a)
$
2,862
(b)
$
2,177
Number of client advisors
8,367
7,756
(a) Consists of Global Private Bank in AWM and client investment assets in J.P. Morgan Wealth Management in CCB.
(b)
As of June 30, 2023, included $150.9 billion of client investment assets associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Selected metrics - J.P. Morgan Payments
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Total net revenue
(a)
$
4,729
$
3,130
$
9,187
$
5,725
Merchant processing volume
(in billions)
600.1
539.6
1,158.9
1,029.8
Average deposits (in billions)
720
816
714
819
(a) Excludes the net impact of equity investments.
Segment information related to the First Republic acquisition
The following table presents selected impacts to CCB, CB, AWM and Corporate associated with the First Republic acquisition.
As of or for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Consumer & Community Banking
Commercial Banking
Asset & Wealth Management
Corporate
Total
Selected Income Statement Data
Revenue
Asset management fees
$
107
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
107
All other income
105
—
174
2,762
(a)
3,041
Noninterest revenue
212
—
174
2,762
3,148
Net interest income
619
178
129
(29)
897
Total net revenue
831
178
303
2,733
4,045
Provision for credit losses
408
608
146
—
1,162
Noninterest expense
37
—
—
562
599
Net income
293
(327)
119
2,301
2,386
Selected Balance Sheet Data (period-end)
Loans
$
94,721
$
39,500
$
13,696
$
—
$
147,917
(b)
Deposits
68,351
—
—
—
68,351
(a)
Reflects the
estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion recorded in other income. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)
Excluded $1.9 billion of loans transferred to the CIB.
The following sections provide a comparative discussion of the Firm’s results by segment as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
24
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING
Refer to pages 63-66 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page
206
for a further discussion of the business profile of CCB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
841
$
855
(2)
%
$
1,664
$
1,660
—
%
Asset management fees
816
(d)
684
19
1,492
(d)
1,410
6
Mortgage fees and related income
274
377
(27)
497
833
(40)
Card income
483
621
(f)
(22)
1,222
1,162
(f)
5
All other income
(a)
1,129
(d)
1,313
(f)
(14)
2,291
(d)
2,640
(f)
(13)
Noninterest revenue
3,543
3,850
(8)
7,166
7,705
(7)
Net interest income
13,690
(d)
8,708
57
26,523
(d)
17,035
56
Total net revenue
17,233
12,558
37
33,689
24,740
36
Provision for credit losses
1,862
(d)
761
145
3,264
(d)
1,439
127
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
3,628
3,237
12
7,173
6,408
12
Noncompensation expense
(b)
4,685
(d)
4,421
(f)
6
9,205
(d)
8,905
(f)
3
Total noninterest expense
8,313
7,658
9
16,378
15,313
7
Income before income tax expense
7,058
4,139
71
14,047
7,988
76
Income tax expense
1,752
1,031
(f)
70
3,498
1,972
(f)
77
Net income
$
5,306
$
3,108
71
$
10,549
$
6,016
75
Revenue by line of business
Banking & Wealth Management
$
10,936
(e)
$
6,502
(f)
68
$
20,977
(e)
$
12,517
(f)
68
Home Lending
1,007
(e)
1,001
1
1,727
(e)
2,170
(20)
Card Services & Auto
5,290
5,055
5
10,985
10,053
9
Mortgage fees and related income details:
Production revenue
102
150
(32)
177
361
(51)
Net mortgage servicing revenue
(c)
172
227
(24)
320
472
(32)
Mortgage fees and related income
$
274
$
377
(27)
%
$
497
$
833
(40)
%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
38
%
24
%
39
%
23
%
Overhead ratio
48
61
49
62
(a)
Primarily includes operating lease income and commissions and other fees. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, operating lease income was $704 million and $929 million, respectively, and $1.4 billion and $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)
Included depreciation expense on leased assets of $445 million and $652 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $852 million and $1.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(c)
Included MSR risk management results of $25 million and $28 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $13 million and $137 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(d)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(e)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $596 million and $235 million for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)
In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
25
Quarterly results
Net income was $5.3 billion, up 71%.
Net revenue was $17.2 billion, an increase of 37%.
Net interest income was $13.7 billion, up 57%, driven by:
•
deposit margin expansion on higher rates in Banking & Wealth Management ("BWM"), and
•
higher NII in Card Services driven by increased revolving balances.
Noninterest revenue was $3.5 billion, down 8%, driven by:
•
lower auto operating lease income as a result of a decline in volume, and
•
a decrease in card income driven by lower net interchange, as a result of an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to certain reward program terms,
partially offset by
•
higher asset management fees in BWM predominantly driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to Note 6 for additional information on card income, asset management fees, and commissions and other fees; and Critical Accounting Estimates on pages 91-93 for card income.
Refer to Note 15 for further information regarding changes in the value of the MSR asset and related hedges, and mortgage fees and related income.
Noninterest expense was $8.3 billion, up 9%, driven by:
•
higher compensation expense, including wage inflation and headcount growth, as well as higher marketing and technology,
partially offset by
•
lower auto lease depreciation on lower auto lease assets.
The provision for credit losses was $1.9 billion, and included:
•
net charge-offs of $1.3 billion, up $640 million, predominantly driven by Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels, and
•
a $611 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses, reflecting $408 million to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments. The net addition also included $203 million driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, and the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, largely offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The prior year included a $150 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in Card Services.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for a further discussion of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $10.5 billion, up 75%.
Net revenue was $33.7 billion, an increase of 36%.
Net interest income was $26.5 billion, up 56%, driven by:
•
deposit margin expansion on higher rates, partially offset by lower average deposits in BWM, and
•
higher NII in Card Services driven by increased revolving balances,
partially offset by
•
the impact of lower PPP loan forgiveness in BWM.
Noninterest revenue was $7.2 billion, down 7%, driven by:
•
lower auto operating lease income as a result of a decline in volume and
•
in Home Lending, lower production revenue from a decline in volume and lower net mortgage servicing revenue predominantly driven by lower net gains on MSR risk management,
partially offset by
•
higher travel-related commissions in Card Services,
•
higher asset management fees in BWM driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Card income was relatively flat as the increase in net interchange in the first quarter of 2023 due to a reduction in rewards costs and partner payments related to a periodic tax refund on airline miles redeemed was offset by an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to certain reward program terms in the second quarter of 2023.
Noninterest expense was $16.4 billion, up 7%, driven by:
•
higher compensation expense, including wage inflation and headcount growth, as well as higher marketing and technology,
partially offset by
•
lower auto lease depreciation on lower auto lease assets.
The provision for credit losses was $3.3 billion, and included:
•
net charge-offs of $2.3 billion, up $1.1 billion, predominantly driven by Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels, and
•
a $553 million net addition, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty, and
•
a $408 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023.
The prior year included a $275 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in Card Services and Home Lending.
26
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets
$
620,193
$
500,219
24
%
$
620,193
$
500,219
24
%
Loans:
Banking & Wealth Management
(a)
30,959
(d)
31,494
(2)
30,959
(d)
31,494
(2)
Home Lending
(b)
262,432
(d)
176,939
48
262,432
(d)
176,939
48
Card Services
191,353
165,494
16
191,353
165,494
16
Auto
73,587
67,842
8
73,587
67,842
8
Total loans
558,331
441,769
26
558,331
441,769
26
Deposits
1,173,514
(e)
1,178,825
—
1,173,514
(e)
1,178,825
—
Equity
55,500
50,000
11
55,500
50,000
11
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets
$
576,417
$
496,177
16
$
541,788
$
492,592
10
Loans:
Banking & Wealth Management
30,628
(f)
32,294
(5)
29,572
(f)
33,014
(10)
Home Lending
(c)
229,569
(f)
177,330
29
201,005
(f)
176,911
14
Card Services
187,028
158,434
18
183,758
153,941
19
Auto
71,083
68,569
4
69,920
68,908
1
Total loans
518,308
436,627
19
484,255
432,774
12
Deposits
1,157,309
(g)
1,180,453
(2)
1,135,261
(g)
1,167,057
(3)
Equity
54,346
50,000
9
53,180
50,000
6
Headcount
137,087
130,907
5
%
137,087
130,907
5
%
(a)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, included $163 million and $1.5 billion of loans, respectively, in Business Banking under the PPP. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the PPP.
(b)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, Home Lending loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were $3.9 billion and $5.2 billion, respectively.
(c)
Average Home Lending loans held-for sale and loans at fair value were $5.3 billion and $8.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $4.4 billion and $9.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(d)
As of June 30, 2023, included $3.4 billion and $91.3 billion for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(f)
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, included $2.7 billion and $57.2 billion for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023, included $1.4 billion and $28.7 billion for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(g)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $47.2 billion and $23.7 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
27
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratio data)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Nonaccrual loans
(a)(b)
$
3,823
$
4,217
(9)
%
$
3,823
$
4,217
(9)
%
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
Banking & Wealth Management
92
81
14
171
170
1
Home Lending
(28)
(68)
59
(46)
(137)
66
Card Services
1,124
580
94
2,046
1,086
88
Auto
63
18
250
132
45
193
Total net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
1,251
$
611
105
$
2,303
$
1,164
98
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
Banking & Wealth Management
(c)
1.20
%
1.01
%
1.17
%
1.04
%
Home Lending
(0.05)
(0.16)
(0.05)
(0.16)
Card Services
2.41
1.47
2.25
1.42
Auto
0.36
0.11
0.38
0.13
Total net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.98
%
0.57
%
0.97
%
0.55
%
30+ day delinquency rate
Home Lending
(d)(e)
0.58
%
0.85
%
0.58
%
0.85
%
Card Services
1.70
1.05
1.70
1.05
Auto
0.92
0.69
0.92
0.69
90+ day delinquency rate - Card Services
0.84
%
0.51
%
0.84
%
0.51
%
Allowance for loan losses
Banking & Wealth Management
$
731
$
697
5
$
731
$
697
5
Home Lending
777
(f)
785
(1)
777
(f)
785
(1)
Card Services
11,600
10,400
12
11,600
10,400
12
Auto
717
740
(3)
717
740
(3)
Total allowance for loan losses
$
13,825
(g)
$
12,622
10
%
$
13,825
(g)
$
12,622
10
%
(a)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $139 million and $257 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.
(b)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, generally excludes loans that were under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer assistance.
(c)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, included $163 million and $1.5 billion of loans, respectively, in Business Banking under the PPP. The Firm does not expect to realize material credit losses on PPP loans because the loans are guaranteed by the SBA. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the PPP.
(d)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was $177 million and $513 million in Home Lending, respectively. Loans that are performing according to their modified terms are generally not considered delinquent. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer assistance.
(e)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $195 million and $315 million, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(f)
As of June 30, 2023, included a $377 million allowance established as part of the First Republic acquisition.
(g)
On January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted changes to the TDR accounting guidance. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a net decrease in the allowance for loan losses of $591 million, driven by residential real estate and credit card. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
28
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Business Metrics
Number of branches
4,874
4,822
1
%
4,874
4,822
1
%
Active digital customers (in thousands)
(a)
65,559
(f)
60,735
8
65,559
(f)
60,735
8
Active mobile customers (in thousands)
(b)
51,963
(f)
47,436
10
51,963
(f)
47,436
10
Debit and credit card sales volume
$
424.0
$
397.0
7
$
811.3
$
748.5
8
Total payments transaction volume (in trillions)
(c)
1.5
(f)
1.5
—
2.9
(f)
2.8
4
Banking & Wealth Management
Average deposits
$
1,142.8
(g)
$
1,163.4
(2)
$
1,120.7
(g)
$
1,149.8
(3)
Deposit margin
2.83
%
1.31
%
2.81
%
1.27
%
Business Banking average loans
$
19.6
$
22.8
(14)
$
19.8
$
23.8
(17)
Business banking origination volume
1.3
1.2
7
2.3
2.2
4
Client investment assets
(d)
892.9
628.5
42
892.9
628.5
42
Number of client advisors
5,153
4,890
5
5,153
4,890
5
Home Lending
Mortgage origination volume by channel
Retail
$
7.3
(h)
$
11.0
(34)
$
10.9
(h)
$
26.1
(58)
Correspondent
3.9
10.9
(64)
6.0
20.5
(71)
Total mortgage origination volume
(e)
$
11.2
$
21.9
(49)
$
16.9
$
46.6
(64)
Third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)
$
604.5
$
575.6
5
604.5
$
575.6
5
MSR carrying value (period-end)
8.2
7.4
11
8.2
7.4
11
Card Services
Sales volume, excluding commercial card
$
294.0
$
271.2
8
$
560.2
$
507.6
10
Net revenue rate
9.11
%
9.59
%
9.73
%
9.72
%
Net yield on average loans
9.31
9.50
9.60
9.73
Auto
Loan and lease origination volume
$
12.0
$
7.0
71
$
21.2
$
15.4
38
Average auto operating lease assets
11.0
14.9
(26)
%
11.3
15.6
(28)
%
(a)
Users of all web and/or mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(b)
Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(c)
Total payments transaction volume includes debit and credit card sales volume and gross outflows of ACH, ATM, teller, wires, BillPay, PayChase, Zelle, person-to-person and checks.
(d)
Includes assets invested in managed accounts and J.P. Morgan mutual funds where AWM is the investment manager. Refer to AWM segment results on pages 41-44 for additional information. As of June 30, 2023, included $150.9 billion of client investment assets associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)
Firmwide mortgage origination volume was $13.0 billion and $27.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $19.8 billion and $58.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(f)
Excludes the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
(g)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $47.2 billion and $23.7 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(h)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $1.1 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition.
29
CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK
Refer to pages 67-72 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page
206
for a further discussion of the business profile of CIB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Revenue
Investment banking fees
(a)
$
1,557
$
1,650
(6)
%
$
3,211
$
3,700
(13)
%
Principal transactions
6,697
5,048
33
14,105
10,271
37
Lending- and deposit-related fees
533
641
(17)
1,072
1,282
(16)
Commissions and other fees
1,219
1,328
(8)
2,453
2,660
(8)
Card income
400
337
(c)
19
715
603
(c)
19
All other income
396
(199)
(c)
NM
769
293
(c)
162
Noninterest revenue
10,802
8,805
23
22,325
18,809
19
Net interest income
1,717
3,198
(46)
3,794
6,770
(44)
Total net revenue
(b)
12,519
12,003
4
26,119
25,579
2
Provision for credit losses
38
59
(36)
96
504
(81)
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
3,461
3,510
(1)
7,546
7,516
—
Noncompensation expense
3,433
3,300
(c)
4
6,831
6,657
(c)
3
Total noninterest expense
6,894
6,810
1
14,377
14,173
1
Income before income tax expense
5,587
5,134
9
11,646
10,902
7
Income tax expense
1,495
1,417
(c)
6
3,133
2,813
(c)
11
Net income
$
4,092
$
3,717
10
%
$
8,513
$
8,089
5
%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
15
%
14
%
15
%
15
%
Overhead ratio
55
57
(c)
55
55
Compensation expense as percentage of total net revenue
28
29
29
29
(c)
(a)
Includes CB's share of revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients through the CIB that is subject to a revenue sharing arrangement which is reported as a reduction in All other income.
(b)
Includes tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to income tax credits and other tax benefits related to alternative energy investments; income tax credits and amortization of the cost of investments in affordable housing projects; and tax-exempt income from municipal bonds of $953 million and $772 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $1.8 billion and $1.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(c)
In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Revenue by business
Investment Banking
$
1,494
$
1,351
11
%
$
3,054
$
3,408
(10)
%
Payments
2,451
1,519
(b)
61
4,847
3,420
(b)
42
Lending
299
410
(27)
566
731
(23)
Total Banking
4,244
3,280
29
8,467
7,559
12
Fixed Income Markets
4,567
4,711
(3)
10,266
10,409
(1)
Equity Markets
2,451
3,079
(20)
5,134
6,134
(16)
Securities Services
1,221
1,151
6
2,369
2,219
7
Credit Adjustments & Other
(a)
36
(218)
NM
(117)
(742)
84
Total Markets & Securities Services
8,275
8,723
(5)
17,652
18,020
(2)
Total net revenue
$
12,519
$
12,003
4
%
$
26,119
$
25,579
2
%
(a)
Consists primarily of centrally managed credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”), funding valuation adjustments (“FVA”) on derivatives, other valuation adjustments, and certain components of fair value option elected liabilities, which are primarily reported in principal transactions revenue. Results are presented net of associated hedging activities and net of CVA and FVA amounts allocated to Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
30
Quarterly
results
Net income was $4.1 billion, up 10%.
Net revenue was $12.5 billion, up 4%.
Banking revenue was $4.2 billion, up 29%.
•
Investment Banking revenue was $1.5 billion, up 11%. Excluding $257 million of markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio recorded in the prior year, Investment Banking revenue was down 7%. Investment Banking fees were down 6%, driven by lower advisory fees. The Firm ranked #1 for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic.
–
Advisory fees were $540 million, down 19%, due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment.
–
D
ebt underwriting fees were $699 million, down 6%, as challenging market conditions resulted in lower issuance activity in the leveraged loan market primarily related to acquisition financing.
–
Equity underwriting fees were $318 million, up 30%, primarily due to higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
•
Payments revenue was $2.5 billion, up 61%. Excluding the net impact of equity investments, Payments revenue was up 32%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, partially offset by lower average deposits.
•
Lending revenue was $299 million, down 27%, and included $80 million of fair value losses on hedges of retained loans.
Markets & Securities Services revenue was $8.3 billion, down 5%. Markets revenue was $7.0 billion, down 10%.
•
Fixed Income Markets revenue was $4.6 billion, down 3%, reflecting lower revenue in Currencies & Emerging Markets, Commodities and Rates as the macro businesses substantially normalized from the prior year's elevated levels of volatility and client activity, largely offset by higher revenue in the Securitized Products Group and Credit Trading.
•
Equity Markets revenue was $2.5 billion, down 20%, predominantly driven by lower revenue in Equity Derivatives, compared to a strong second quarter in the prior year.
•
Securities Services revenue was $1.2 billion, up 6%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, largely offset by lower fees and lower average deposits.
•
Credit Adjustments & Other was a gain of $36 million, compared with a loss of $218 million in the prior year, largely driven by funding spread widening.
Noninterest expense was $6.9 billion, up 1%, driven by higher non-compensation expense, as well as wage inflation and headcount growth, largely offset by lower revenue-related compensation.
The provision for credit losses was $38 million, including net charge-offs of $56 million.
The prior year provision was $59 million.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for a further discussion of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $8.5 billion, up 5%.
Net revenue was $26.1 billion, up 2%.
Banking revenue was $8.5 billion, up 12%.
•
Investment Banking revenue was $3.1 billion, down 10%. Excluding $257 million of markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio recorded in the second quarter of 2022, Investment Banking revenue was down 17%. Investment Banking fees were down 13%, driven by lower debt underwriting and advisory fees. The Firm ranked #1 for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic.
–
Debt underwriting fees were $1.4 billion, down 22%, as challenging market conditions resulted in lower issuance activity in acquisition financing.
–
Advisory fees were $1.3 billion, down 12%, due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment.
–
Equity underwriting fees were $553 million, up 12%, primarily due to higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the second quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
•
Payments revenue was $4.8 billion, up 42%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, partially offset by lower average deposits.
•
Lending revenue was $566 million, down 23%, driven by $183 million of fair value losses on hedges of retained loans, compared to $112 million of gains in the prior year, partially offset by higher net interest income.
Markets & Securities Services revenue was $17.7 billion, down 2%. Markets revenue was $15.4 billion, down 7%.
•
Fixed Income Markets revenue was $10.3 billion, down 1%, reflecting lower revenue in Currencies & Emerging Markets and Commodities, largely offset by higher revenue in Rates, the Securitized Products Group and Credit Trading.
•
Equity Markets revenue was $5.1 billion, down 16%, predominantly driven by lower revenue in Equity Derivatives.
•
Securities Services revenue was $2.4 billion, up 7%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, largely offset by lower fees and lower average deposits.
•
Credit Adjustments & Other was a loss of $117 million, driven by losses on certain components of fair value option elected liabilities, compared with a loss of $742 million in the prior year, which was predominantly driven
31
by funding spread widening, and to a lesser extent losses on exposure relating to commodities and Russia and Russia-associated counterparties.
Noninterest expense was $14.4 billion, up 1%, driven by headcount growth, wage inflation and higher non-compensation expense, largely offset by lower revenue-related compensation.
The provision for credit losses was $96 million, driven by net charge-offs of $106 million.
The prior year provision was $504 million.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets
$
1,432,054
$
1,403,558
2
%
$
1,432,054
$
1,403,558
2
%
Loans:
Loans retained
(a)
194,450
171,219
14
194,450
171,219
14
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
(b)
38,959
46,032
(15)
38,959
46,032
(15)
Total loans
233,409
217,251
7
233,409
217,251
7
Equity
108,000
103,000
5
108,000
103,000
5
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets
$
1,461,857
$
1,429,953
2
$
1,445,848
$
1,418,955
2
Trading assets-debt and equity instruments
533,082
411,079
30
511,047
415,190
23
Trading assets-derivative receivables
63,094
83,582
(25)
63,553
75,184
(15)
Loans:
Loans retained
(a)
$
189,153
$
169,909
11
$
187,372
$
165,467
13
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
(b)
38,132
48,048
(21)
40,339
49,714
(19)
Total loans
$
227,285
$
217,957
4
$
227,711
$
215,181
6
Deposits
722,818
773,664
(7)
711,266
765,200
(7)
Equity
108,000
103,000
5
108,000
103,000
5
Headcount
74,822
69,447
8
%
74,822
69,447
8
%
(a)
Loans retained includes credit portfolio loans, loans held by consolidated Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, trade finance loans, other held-for-investment loans and overdrafts.
(b)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value primarily reflect lending-related positions originated and purchased in Markets, including loans held for securitization.
32
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
56
$
38
47
%
$
106
$
58
83
%
Nonperforming assets:
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained
(a)
$
924
$
697
33
$
924
$
697
33
Nonaccrual loans
held-for-sale and loans at fair value
(b)
818
840
(3)
818
840
(3)
Total nonaccrual loans
1,742
1,537
13
1,742
1,537
13
Derivative receivables
286
447
(36)
286
447
(36)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
133
84
58
133
84
58
Total nonperforming assets
$
2,161
$
2,068
4
$
2,161
$
2,068
4
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses
$
2,531
$
1,809
40
$
2,531
$
1,809
40
Allowance for lending-related commitments
1,207
1,358
(11)
1,207
1,358
(11)
Total allowance for credit losses
$
3,738
$
3,167
18
%
$
3,738
$
3,167
18
%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
(c)
0.12
%
0.09
%
0.11
%
0.07
%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.30
1.06
1.30
1.06
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits
(d)
1.86
1.38
1.86
1.38
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained
(a)
274
260
274
260
Nonaccrual loans to total period-end loans
0.75
%
0.71
%
0.75
%
0.71
%
(a)
Allowance for loan losses of $145 million and $130 million were held against these nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $76 million and $196 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.
(d)
Management uses allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits, a non-GAAP financial measure, to provide a more meaningful assessment of CIB’s allowance coverage ratio. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21.
Investment banking fees
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Advisory
$
540
$
664
(19)
%
$
1,296
$
1,465
(12)
%
Equity underwriting
318
245
30
553
494
12
Debt underwriting
(a)
699
741
(6)
1,362
1,741
(22)
Total investment banking fees
$
1,557
$
1,650
(6)
%
$
3,211
$
3,700
(13)
%
(a)
Represents long-term debt and loan syndications.
33
League table results – wallet share
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
Full-year 2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Rank
Share
Rank
Share
Rank
Share
Rank
Share
Rank
Share
Based on fees
(a)
M&A
(b)
Global
#
2
8.7
%
#
2
7.5
%
#
2
9.3
%
#
2
7.4
%
#
2
8.0
%
U.S.
2
11.5
2
8.3
2
11.8
2
8.4
2
9.0
Equity and equity-related
(c)
Global
1
7.6
1
6.0
1
7.1
1
5.6
2
5.7
U.S.
1
14.7
1
15.1
1
13.3
1
13.2
1
13.8
Long-term debt
(d)
Global
2
6.8
1
7.2
1
6.7
1
7.6
1
6.9
U.S.
2
10.4
1
12.5
2
10.0
1
12.3
1
12.2
Loan syndications
Global
1
12.4
1
12.2
1
12.6
1
11.3
1
11.0
U.S.
1
15.7
1
13.9
1
16.1
1
11.9
1
12.7
Global investment banking fees
(e)
#
1
8.3
%
#
2
8.1
%
#
1
8.4
%
#
1
7.9
%
#
1
7.8
%
(a)
Source: Dealogic as of July 3, 2023. Reflects the ranking of revenue wallet and market share.
(b)
Global M&A excludes any withdrawn transactions. U.S. M&A revenue wallet represents wallet from client parents based in the U.S.
(c)
Global equity and equity-related ranking includes rights offerings and Chinese A-Shares.
(d)
Long-term debt rankings include investment-grade, high-yield, supranationals, sovereigns, agencies, covered bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”); and exclude money market, short-term debt and U.S. municipal securities.
(e)
Global investment banking fees exclude money market, short-term debt and shelf securities.
34
Markets revenue
The following table summarizes selected income statement data for the Markets businesses. Markets includes both Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Markets revenue consists of principal transactions, fees, commissions and other income, as well as net interest income. The Firm assesses its Markets business performance on a total revenue basis, as offsets may occur across revenue line items. For example, securities that generate net interest income may be risk-managed by derivatives that are
reflected at fair value in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Notes 6 and 7 for a description of the composition of these income statement line items. Refer to Markets revenue on page 70 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
For the periods presented below, the primary source of principal transactions revenue was the amount recognized upon executing new transactions.
Three months ended June 30,
Three months ended June 30,
2023
2022
(in millions)
Fixed Income Markets
Equity
Markets
Total
Markets
Fixed Income Markets
Equity
Markets
Total
Markets
Principal transactions
$
3,120
$
3,350
$
6,470
$
2,934
$
2,448
$
5,382
Lending- and deposit-related fees
76
7
83
76
4
80
Commissions and other fees
151
472
623
128
516
644
All other income
369
(40)
329
166
(31)
135
Noninterest revenue
3,716
3,789
7,505
3,304
2,937
6,241
Net interest income
(a)
851
(1,338)
(487)
1,407
142
1,549
Total net revenue
$
4,567
$
2,451
$
7,018
$
4,711
$
3,079
$
7,790
Six months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
(in millions)
Fixed Income Markets
Equity
Markets
Total
Markets
Fixed Income Markets
Equity
Markets
Total
Markets
Principal transactions
$
7,518
$
6,379
$
13,897
$
6,323
$
4,732
$
11,055
Lending- and deposit-related fees
146
14
160
154
8
162
Commissions and other fees
295
994
1,289
284
1,063
1,347
All other income
700
(54)
646
283
(71)
212
Noninterest revenue
8,659
7,333
15,992
7,044
5,732
12,776
Net interest income
(a)
1,607
(2,199)
(592)
3,365
402
3,767
Total net revenue
$
10,266
$
5,134
$
15,400
$
10,409
$
6,134
$
16,543
(a)
The decline in Markets net interest income was driven by higher funding costs.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Assets under custody (“AUC”) by asset class (period-end)
(in billions):
Fixed Income
$
14,708
$
14,720
—
%
$
14,708
$
14,720
—
%
Equity
11,892
10,359
15
11,892
10,359
15
Other
(a)
3,824
3,500
9
3,824
3,500
9
Total AUC
$
30,424
$
28,579
6
$
30,424
$
28,579
6
Merchant processing volume (in billions)
(b)
$
600.1
$
539.6
11
$
1,158.9
$
1,029.8
13
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)
(c)
$
647,479
$
722,388
(10)
%
$
640,642
$
715,791
(10)
%
(a)
Consists of mutual funds, unit investment trusts, currencies, annuities, insurance contracts, options and other contracts.
(b)
Represents Firmwide merchant processing volume.
(c)
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities pertain to the Payments and Securities Services businesses.
35
International metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Total net revenue
(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
3,813
$
4,280
(11)
%
$
8,081
$
8,972
(10)
%
Asia-Pacific
1,889
2,023
(7)
4,022
4,008
—
Latin America/Caribbean
543
464
17
1,105
1,141
(3)
Total international net revenue
6,245
6,767
(8)
13,208
14,121
(6)
North America
6,274
5,236
(c)
20
12,911
11,458
(c)
13
Total net revenue
$
12,519
$
12,003
4
$
26,119
$
25,579
2
Loans retained (period-end)
(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
39,752
$
35,524
12
$
39,752
$
35,524
12
Asia-Pacific
14,789
16,427
(10)
14,789
16,427
(10)
Latin America/Caribbean
8,704
7,961
9
8,704
7,961
9
Total international loans
63,245
59,912
6
63,245
59,912
6
North America
131,205
111,307
18
131,205
111,307
18
Total loans retained
$
194,450
$
171,219
14
$
194,450
$
171,219
14
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)
(b)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
228,490
$
272,919
(16)
$
229,655
$
259,781
(12)
Asia-Pacific
128,253
129,514
(1)
127,146
132,126
(4)
Latin America/Caribbean
38,911
41,785
(7)
38,825
42,720
(9)
Total international
$
395,654
$
444,218
(11)
$
395,626
$
434,627
(9)
North America
251,825
278,170
(9)
245,016
281,164
(13)
Total client deposits and other third-party liabilities
$
647,479
$
722,388
(10)
$
640,642
$
715,791
(10)
AUC (period-end)
(b)
(in billions)
North America
$
20,512
$
18,816
9
$
20,512
$
18,816
9
All other regions
9,912
9,763
2
9,912
9,763
2
Total AUC
$
30,424
$
28,579
6
%
$
30,424
$
28,579
6
%
(a)
Total net revenue and loans retained (excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value) are based on the location of the trading desk, booking location, or domicile of the client, as applicable.
(b)
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities pertaining to the Payments and Securities Services businesses, and AUC, are based on the domicile of the client.
(c)
In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
36
COMMERCIAL BANKING
Refer to pages 73-75 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page 207 for a discussion of the business profile of CB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
249
$
348
(28)
%
$
476
$
712
(33)
%
Card income
201
170
18
374
337
11
All other income
385
386
—
766
722
6
Noninterest revenue
835
904
(8)
1,616
1,771
(9)
Net interest income
3,153
(b)
1,779
77
5,883
(b)
3,310
78
Total net revenue
(a)
3,988
2,683
49
7,499
5,081
48
Provision for credit losses
1,097
(b)
209
425
1,514
(b)
366
314
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
656
559
17
1,297
1,112
17
Noncompensation expense
644
597
8
1,311
1,173
12
Total noninterest expense
1,300
1,156
12
2,608
2,285
14
Income before income tax expense
1,591
1,318
21
3,377
2,430
39
Income tax expense
383
324
18
822
586
40
Net income
$
1,208
$
994
22
%
$
2,555
$
1,844
39
%
(a)
Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments from income tax credits related to equity investments in designated community development entities and in entities established for rehabilitation of historic properties, as well as tax-exempt income related to municipal financing activities of $89 million and $73 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $171 million and $142 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
Selected income statement data (continued)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Revenue by product
Lending
$
1,480
(c)
$
1,058
40
%
$
2,702
(c)
$
2,163
25
%
Payments
2,248
1,253
79
4,276
2,275
88
Investment banking
(a)
213
234
(9)
463
453
2
Other
47
138
(66)
58
190
(69)
Total net revenue
$
3,988
$
2,683
49
$
7,499
$
5,081
48
Investment Banking and Markets revenue, gross
(b)
$
767
$
788
(3)
$
1,648
$
1,517
9
Revenue by client segments
Middle Market Banking
$
1,916
(d)
$
1,169
64
$
3,597
(d)
$
2,149
67
Corporate Client Banking
1,229
927
33
2,405
1,757
37
Commercial Real Estate Banking
806
(d)
590
37
1,448
(d)
1,171
24
Other
37
(3)
NM
49
4
NM
Total net revenue
$
3,988
$
2,683
49
%
$
7,499
$
5,081
48
%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
16
%
15
%
17
%
14
%
Overhead ratio
33
43
35
45
(a)
Includes CB’s share of revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients through the CIB which is reported in All other income.
(b)
Includes gross revenues earned by the Firm that are subject to a revenue sharing arrangement between CB and the CIB for Investment Banking and Markets' products sold to CB clients. This includes revenues related to fixed income and equity markets products. Refer to Business Segment Results on page
22
for discussion of revenue sharing.
(c)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(d)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $48 million and $130 million for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
37
Quarterly results
Net income was $1.2 billion, up 22%.
Net revenue was $4.0 billion, up 49%. Net interest income was $3.2 billion, up 77%, predominantly driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates and higher average loans, partially offset by lower average deposits.
Noninterest revenue was $835 million, down 8%, driven by lower deposit-related fees due to the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees, partially offset by higher card income.
Noninterest expense was $1.3 billion, up 12%, predominantly driven by higher compensation expense, including headcount growth, as well as higher volume-related expense.
The provision for credit losses was $1.1 billion, reflecting an addition of $608 million to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments. The net addition also reflected $389 million driven by updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate, as well as net downgrade activity in Middle Market Banking.
The prior year provision was $209 million.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for further discussions of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Year-to-date
results
Net income was $2.6 billion, up 39%.
Net revenue was $7.5 billion, up 48%. Net interest income was $5.9 billion, up 78%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates and higher average loans, partially offset by lower average deposits.
Noninterest revenue was $1.6 billion, down 9%, driven by lower deposit-related fees due to the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees, partially offset by higher card income.
Noninterest expense was $2.6 billion, up 14%, largely driven by higher compensation expense, including headcount growth, as well as higher volume-related expense.
The provision for credit losses was $1.5 billion, reflecting an addition of $608 million to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023. The net addition also reflected $768 million driven by a deterioration in the Firm's weighted-average economic outlook, including updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate, as well as net downgrade activity.
The prior year provision was $366 million.
38
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets
$
305,280
$
242,456
26
%
$
305,280
$
242,456
26
%
Loans:
Loans retained
282,124
(b)
223,541
26
282,124
(b)
223,541
26
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
1,540
566
172
1,540
566
172
Total loans
$
283,664
$
224,107
27
$
283,664
$
224,107
27
Equity
30,000
25,000
20
30,000
25,000
20
Period-end loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking
(a)
$
79,885
(c)
$
68,535
17
$
79,885
(c)
$
68,535
17
Corporate Client Banking
60,511
49,503
22
60,511
49,503
22
Commercial Real Estate Banking
142,897
(c)
105,982
35
142,897
(c)
105,982
35
Other
371
87
326
371
87
326
Total loans
(a)
$
283,664
$
224,107
27
$
283,664
$
224,107
27
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets
$
290,875
$
239,381
22
$
273,269
$
236,444
16
Loans:
Loans retained
270,091
(d)
218,478
24
253,542
(d)
213,536
19
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
726
1,004
(28)
939
1,572
(40)
Total loans
$
270,817
$
219,482
23
$
254,481
$
215,108
18
Average loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking
$
78,037
(e)
$
66,640
17
$
75,547
(e)
$
64,550
17
Corporate Client Banking
59,159
47,832
24
57,877
46,720
24
Commercial Real Estate Banking
133,394
(e)
104,890
27
120,838
(e)
103,701
17
Other
227
120
89
219
137
60
Total loans
$
270,817
$
219,482
23
$
254,481
$
215,108
18
Deposits
275,196
300,339
(8)
270,595
308,518
(12)
Equity
29,505
25,000
18
29,005
25,000
16
Headcount
15,991
13,811
16
%
15,991
13,811
16
%
(a)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, total loans included $65 million and $335 million of loans, respectively, under the PPP, of which $60 million and $306 million were in Middle Market Banking, respectively. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the PPP.
(b)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(c)
As of June 30, 2023, included $6.2 billion and $33.3 billion for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $28.6 billion and $14.4 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, included $4.4 billion and $24.2 billion for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023, included $2.2 billion and $12.2 billion for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition
.
39
Selected metrics (continued)
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
100
$
1
NM
$
137
$
7
NM
Nonperforming assets
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained
(a)
$
1,068
$
761
40
%
$
1,068
$
761
40
%
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total nonaccrual loans
$
1,068
$
761
40
$
1,068
$
761
40
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
—
8
NM
—
8
NM
Total nonperforming assets
$
1,068
$
769
39
$
1,068
$
769
39
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses
$
4,729
$
2,602
82
$
4,729
$
2,602
82
Allowance for lending-related commitments
801
725
10
801
725
10
Total allowance for credit losses
$
5,530
(c)
$
3,327
66
%
$
5,530
(c)
$
3,327
66
%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
(b)
0.15
%
—
%
0.11
%
0.01
%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.68
1.16
1.68
1.16
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained
(a)
443
342
443
342
Nonaccrual loans to period-end total loans
0.38
0.34
0.38
0.34
(a)
Allowance for loan losses of $205 million and $74 million was held against nonaccrual loans retained at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.
(c)
As of June 30, 2023, included a $608 million allowance established as part of the First Republic acquisition.
40
ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT
Refer to pages 76-78 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on pages 207–208 for a discussion of the business profile of AWM.
Selected income statement data
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Revenue
Asset management fees
$
2,930
$
2,797
5
%
$
5,691
$
5,696
—
%
Commissions and other fees
196
240
(18)
377
456
(17)
All other income
232
(a)
47
394
623
(a)
171
264
Noninterest revenue
3,358
3,084
9
6,691
6,323
6
Net interest income
1,585
(a)
1,222
30
3,036
(a)
2,298
32
Total net revenue
4,943
4,306
15
9,727
8,621
13
Provision for credit losses
145
(a)
44
230
173
(a)
198
(13)
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
1,746
1,508
16
3,481
3,038
15
Noncompensation expense
1,417
1,411
—
2,773
2,741
1
Total noninterest expense
3,163
2,919
8
6,254
5,779
8
Income before income tax expense
1,635
1,343
22
3,300
2,644
25
Income tax expense
409
339
21
707
632
12
Net income
$
1,226
$
1,004
22
$
2,593
$
2,012
29
Revenue by line of business
Asset Management
$
2,128
$
2,137
—
$
4,562
$
4,451
2
Global Private Bank
2,815
(a)
2,169
30
5,165
(a)
4,170
24
Total net revenue
$
4,943
$
4,306
15
%
$
9,727
$
8,621
13
%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
29
%
23
%
31
%
23
%
Overhead ratio
64
68
64
67
Pre-tax margin ratio:
Asset Management
27
29
32
31
Global Private Bank
37
33
35
30
Asset & Wealth Management
33
31
34
31
(a)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Net income was $1.2 billion, up 22%.
Net revenue was $4.9 billion, up 15%. Net interest income was $1.6 billion, up 30%. Noninterest revenue was $3.4 billion, up 9%.
Revenue from Asset Management was $2.1 billion, flat compared to the prior year, driven by:
•
lower NII due to higher funding costs,
largely offset by
•
higher management fees on strong net inflows.
Revenue from Global Private Bank was $2.8 billion, up 30%, predominantly driven by:
•
deposit margin expansion reflecting higher rates on lower average deposit balances, and
•
higher lending-related fees and average loans driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Noninterest expense was $3.2 billion, up 8%, driven by higher compensation, including growth in private banking advisor teams, higher revenue-related compensation and
the impact from the acquisitions of Global Shares and J.P. Morgan Asset Management China.
The provision for credit losses was $145 million, driven by a $146 million addition to the allowance for credit losses to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for further discussions of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $2.6 billion, up 29%.
Net revenue was $9.7 billion, up 13%. Net interest income was $3.0 billion, up 32%. Noninterest revenue was $6.7 billion, up 6%.
Revenue from Asset Management was $4.6 billion, up 2%, driven by:
•
a gain of $339 million on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in the entity,
41
largely offset by
•
lower NII driven by higher funding costs,
•
lower performance fees, and
•
lower asset management fees reflecting a decline in market levels predominantly offset by the removal of most money market fund fee waivers in the prior year and the impact of net inflows.
Revenue from Global Private Bank was $5.2 billion, up 24%, driven by:
•
deposit margin expansion reflecting higher rates on lower average deposit balances, and
•
higher lending-related fees and average loans driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition,
partially offset by
•
an investment valuation loss in the first quarter of 2023.
Noninterest expense was $6.3 billion, up 8%, predominantly driven by higher compensation, including growth in private banking advisor teams, higher revenue-related compensation and the impact from the acquisitions of Global Shares and J.P. Morgan Asset Management China.
The provision for credit losses was $173 million, predominantly driven by a $146 million addition to the allowance for credit losses to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023.
The prior year provision was $198 million.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ranking data, headcount and ratios)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
% of JPM mutual fund assets rated as 4- or 5-star
(a)
69
%
72
%
69
%
72
%
% of JPM mutual fund assets ranked in 1
st
or 2
nd
quartile:
(b)
1 year
59
64
59
64
3 years
66
73
66
73
5 years
80
79
80
79
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
(c)
Total assets
$
247,118
$
235,553
5
%
$
247,118
$
235,553
5
%
Loans
222,493
(d)
218,841
2
222,493
(d)
218,841
2
Deposits
199,763
257,437
(22)
199,763
257,437
(22)
Equity
17,000
17,000
—
17,000
17,000
—
Selected balance sheet data (average)
(c)
Total assets
$
238,987
$
234,565
2
$
233,933
$
233,444
—
Loans
219,469
(e)
216,846
1
215,491
(e)
215,735
—
Deposits
211,872
268,861
(21)
218,078
278,256
(22)
Equity
16,670
17,000
(2)
16,337
17,000
(4)
Headcount
26,931
23,981
12
26,931
23,981
12
Number of Global Private Bank client advisors
3,214
2,866
12
3,214
2,866
12
Credit data and quality statistics
(c)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
2
$
9
(78)
$
—
$
8
NM
Nonaccrual loans
615
620
(1)
615
620
(1)
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses
$
649
$
547
19
$
649
$
547
19
Allowance for lending-related commitments
39
22
77
39
22
77
Total allowance for credit losses
$
688
(f)
$
569
21
%
$
688
(f)
$
569
21
%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
—
%
0.02
%
—
%
0.01
%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
0.29
0.25
0.29
0.25
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
106
88
106
88
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
(a)
Represents the Morningstar Rating for all domiciled funds except for Japan domiciled funds which use Nomura. Includes only Asset Management retail open-ended mutual funds that have a rating. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil domiciled funds.
(b)
Quartile ranking sourced from Morningstar, Lipper and Nomura based on country of domicile. Includes only Asset Management retail open-ended mutual funds that are ranked by the aforementioned sources. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil domiciled funds.
(c)
Loans, deposits and related credit data and quality statistics relate to the Global Private Bank business.
(d)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(e)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $9.7 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)
As of June 30, 2023, included a $146 million allowance established as part of the First Republic acquisition.
42
Client assets
Assets under management of $3.2 trillion were up 16%, while client assets of $4.6 trillion were up 20%, driven by continued net inflows, higher market levels and the impact of the acquisition of Global Shares.
Client assets
As of June 30,
(in billions)
2023
2022
Change
Assets by asset class
Liquidity
$
826
$
654
26
%
Fixed income
718
624
15
Equity
792
641
24
Multi-asset
647
615
5
Alternatives
205
209
(2)
Total assets under management
3,188
2,743
16
Custody/brokerage/administration/deposits
1,370
(b)
1,055
30
Total client assets
(a)
$
4,558
$
3,798
20
Assets by client segment
Private Banking
$
881
$
712
24
Global Institutional
1,423
1,294
10
Global Funds
884
737
20
Total assets under management
$
3,188
$
2,743
16
Private Banking
$
2,170
(b)
$
1,715
27
Global Institutional
1,497
1,339
12
Global Funds
891
744
20
Total client assets
(a)
$
4,558
$
3,798
20
%
(a)
Includes CCB client investment assets invested in managed accounts and J.P. Morgan mutual funds where AWM is the investment manager.
(b)
Includes the impact of the acquisition of Global Shares.
Client assets (continued)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in billions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Assets under management rollforward
Beginning balance
$
3,006
$
2,960
$
2,766
$
3,113
Net asset flows:
Liquidity
60
—
153
(52)
Fixed income
37
(1)
63
(4)
Equity
20
9
42
20
Multi-asset
3
(3)
1
3
Alternatives
1
1
2
6
Market/performance/other impacts
61
(223)
161
(343)
Ending balance, June 30
$
3,188
$
2,743
$
3,188
$
2,743
Client assets rollforward
Beginning balance
$
4,347
$
4,116
$
4,048
$
4,295
Net asset flows
112
(1)
264
(6)
Market/performance/other impacts
99
(317)
246
(491)
Ending balance, June 30
$
4,558
$
3,798
$
4,558
$
3,798
43
International
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Total net revenue
(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
853
$
719
19
%
$
1,700
$
1,489
14
%
Asia-Pacific
497
452
10
974
912
7
Latin America/Caribbean
247
248
—
487
499
(2)
Total international net revenue
1,597
1,419
13
3,161
2,900
9
North America
3,346
2,887
16
6,566
5,721
15
Total net revenue
(a)
$
4,943
$
4,306
15
%
$
9,727
$
8,621
13
%
(a)
Regional revenue is based on the domicile of the client.
As of June 30,
As of June 30,
(in billions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Assets under management
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
527
$
481
10
%
$
527
$
481
10
%
Asia-Pacific
252
214
18
252
214
18
Latin America/Caribbean
79
68
16
79
68
16
Total international assets under management
858
763
12
858
763
12
North America
2,330
1,980
18
2,330
1,980
18
Total assets under management
$
3,188
$
2,743
16
$
3,188
$
2,743
16
Client assets
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
663
$
595
11
$
663
$
595
11
Asia-Pacific
378
324
17
378
324
17
Latin America/Caribbean
217
184
18
217
184
18
Total international client assets
1,258
1,103
14
1,258
1,103
14
North America
3,300
2,695
22
3,300
2,695
22
Total client assets
$
4,558
$
3,798
20
%
$
4,558
$
3,798
20
%
44
CORPORATE
Refer to pages 79-80 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of Corporate.
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Revenue
Principal transactions
$
113
$
17
NM
$
195
$
(144)
NM
Investment securities losses
(900)
(153)
(488)
%
(1,768)
(547)
(223)
%
All other income
2,767
(c)
(108)
NM
2,798
(c)
102
NM
Noninterest revenue
1,980
(244)
NM
1,225
(589)
NM
Net interest income
1,738
(c)
324
436
3,478
(c)
(212)
NM
Total net revenue
(a)
3,718
80
NM
4,703
(801)
NM
Provision for credit losses
(243)
28
NM
127
57
123
Noninterest expense
1,152
(c)
206
459
1,312
(c)
390
236
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
2,809
(154)
NM
3,264
(1,248)
NM
Income tax expense/(benefit)
169
(d)
20
NM
380
(d)
(218)
NM
Net income/(loss)
$
2,640
$
(174)
NM
$
2,884
$
(1,030)
NM
Total net revenue
Treasury and CIO
$
1,261
$
82
NM
$
2,367
$
(862)
NM
Other Corporate
2,457
(c)
(2)
NM
2,336
(c)
61
NM
Total net revenue
$
3,718
$
80
NM
$
4,703
$
(801)
NM
Net income/(loss)
Treasury and CIO
$
1,057
$
88
NM
$
1,681
$
(660)
NM
Other Corporate
1,583
(c)
(262)
NM
1,203
(c)
(370)
NM
Total net income/(loss)
$
2,640
$
(174)
NM
$
2,884
$
(1,030)
NM
Total assets (period-end)
$
1,263,595
$
1,459,528
(13)
$
1,263,595
$
1,459,528
(13)
Loans (period-end)
2,172
2,187
(1)
2,172
2,187
(1)
Deposits (period-end)
(b)
21,083
13,191
60
21,083
13,191
60
Headcount
45,235
40,348
12
%
45,235
40,348
12
%
(a)
Included tax-equivalent adjustments, driven by tax-exempt income from municipal bonds, of $45 million and $60 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $101 million and $118 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)
Predominantly relates to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
(c)
Includes the impacts of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(d)
Income taxes associated with the First Republic acquisition are reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain.
Quarterly results
Net income was $2.6 billion, compared with a net loss of $174 million in the prior year.
Net revenue was $3.7 billion, compared with $80 million in the prior year, driven by higher net interest income due to higher rates, partially offset by lower Firmwide average deposit balances available for deployment in Treasury and CIO .
Noninterest revenue was $2.0 billion, compared with a loss of $244 million in the prior year, driven by:
•
a $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition
•
higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO, and
•
higher losses in the prior year on certain revenues associated with foreign exchange rate movements,
partially offset by
•
higher net investment securities losses on sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio, and
•
net losses on certain legacy private equity investments in Corporate, compared with net gains in the prior year
Noninterest expense of $1.2 billion was up $946 million driven by
expense of $562 million associated with the First Republic acquisition
, higher legal expense, and a greater benefit in the prior year on certain expenses associated with foreign exchange rate movements.
The net impact of movements in foreign exchange rates associated with the foreign exchange risk that was transferred to Treasury and CIO on certain revenues and
45
expense were not material to net income. Refer to Foreign Exchange Risk on page 22 for additional information.
The provision for credit losses was a net benefit of $243 million, reflecting a reduction in the allowance for credit losses associated with the deposit placed with First Republic Bank in the first quarter of 2023.
Refer to Note
10
for additional information on the investment securities portfolio, and Note 13 for additional information on the allowance for credit losses.
The current period tax expense benefited from the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, partially offset by changes in the level and mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes that also impact the Firm’s tax reserves.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $2.9 billion, compared with a net loss of $1.0 billion in the prior year.
Net revenue was $4.7 billion, compared with a loss of $801 million in the prior year, driven by higher net interest income due to higher rates, partially offset by lower Firmwide average deposit balances available for deployment in Treasury and CIO.
Noninterest revenue was $1.2 billion, compared with a loss of $589 million, driven by:
•
a $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition,
•
higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO, and
•
higher losses in the prior year on certain revenues associated with foreign exchange rate movements,
partially offset by
•
higher net investment securities losses related to the sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio,
•
the absence of proceeds in the prior year from an insurance settlement, and
•
lower net gains related to certain other Corporate investments.
Noninterest expense of $1.3 billion was up $922 million driven by
expense of $562 million associated with the First Republic acquisition
, higher legal expense, and a greater benefit in the prior year on certain expenses associated with foreign exchange rate movements.
The net impact of movements in foreign exchange rates associated with the foreign exchange risk that was transferred to Treasury and CIO on certain revenues and expense were not material to net income. Refer to Foreign Exchange Risk on page 22 for additional information.
The current period tax expense benefited from the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, largely offset by changes in the level and
mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes that also impact the Firm’s tax reserves.
Other Corporate also reflects the Firm's international consumer initiatives, which includes Chase U.K., the Firm's digital retail bank in the U.K.; Nutmeg, a digital wealth manager in the U.K.; and a 40% ownership stake in C6 Bank, a digital bank in Brazil.
Treasury and CIO overview
At June 30, 2023, the average credit rating of the Treasury and CIO investment securities comprising the portfolio in the table below was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings). Refer to Note 10 for further information on the Firm’s investment securities portfolio and internal risk ratings.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for further information on liquidity and funding risk. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 84-89 for information on interest rate and foreign exchange risks.
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Change
2023
2022
Change
Investment securities losses
$
(900)
$
(153)
(488)
%
$
(1,768)
$
(547)
(223)
%
Available-for-sale securities (average)
$
198,620
$
252,121
(21)
$
200,687
$
278,073
(28)
Held-to-maturity securities (average)
(a)
410,594
418,843
(2)
413,953
391,978
6
Investment securities portfolio (average)
$
609,214
$
670,964
(9)
$
614,640
$
670,051
(8)
Available-for-sale securities (period-end)
$
201,211
(c)
$
220,213
(9)
$
201,211
(c)
$
220,213
(9)
Held-to-maturity securities (period-end)
(a)
408,941
441,649
(7)
408,941
441,649
(7)
Investment securities portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses (period-end)
(b)
$
610,152
$
661,862
(8)
%
$
610,152
$
661,862
(8)
%
(a)
Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted new hedge accounting guidance. As permitted by the guidance, the Firm elected to transfer $7.1 billion of HTM securities to AFS. During 2022, the Firm transferred $78.3 billion of investment securities from AFS to HTM for capital management purposes. Refer to Note 1 and Note 10 for additional information on the new hedge accounting guidance.
(b)
As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $74 million and $47 million, respectively.
(c)
As of June 30, 2023, included $25.8 billion of AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
46
FIRMWIDE RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is an inherent part of JPMorgan Chase’s business activities. When the Firm extends a consumer or wholesale loan, advises customers and clients on their investment decisions, makes markets in securities, or offers other products or services, the Firm takes on some degree of risk. The Firm’s overall objective is to manage its business, and the associated risks, in a manner that balances serving the interests of its clients, customers and investors, and protecting the safety and soundness of the Firm.
The Firm believes that effective risk management requires, among other things:
•
Acceptance of responsibility, including identification and escalation of risks by all individuals within the Firm;
•
Ownership of risk identification, assessment, data and management within each of the LOBs and Corporate; and
•
A Firmwide risk governance and oversight structure.
The Firm follows a disciplined and balanced compensation framework with strong internal governance and independent oversight by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). The impact of risk and control issues is carefully considered in the Firm’s performance evaluation and incentive compensation processes.
Risk governance framework
The Firm’s risk governance framework involves understanding drivers of risks, types of risks, and impacts of risks.
Refer to pages 81-84 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of Firmwide risk management governance and oversight.
Risk governance and oversight functions
The following sections of this Form 10-Q and the 2022 Form 10-K discuss the risk governance and oversight functions in place to manage the risks inherent in the Firm’s business activities.
Risk governance and oversight functions
Form 10-Q page reference
Form 10-K page reference
Strategic Risk
85
Capital Risk
48–53
86-96
Liquidity Risk
54–61
97-104
Reputation Risk
105
Consumer Credit Risk
65–69
110-115
Wholesale Credit Risk
70–79
116-126
Investment Portfolio Risk
83
130
Market Risk
84–89
131-138
Country Risk
90
139-140
Climate Risk
141
Operational Risk
142-148
Compliance Risk
145
Conduct Risk
146
Legal Risk
147
Estimations and Model Risk
148
47
CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Capital risk is the risk the Firm has an insufficient level or composition of capital to support the Firm’s business activities and associated risks during normal economic environments and under stressed conditions.
Refer to pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, Note 23 of this Form 10-Q and the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for a further discussion of the Firm’s capital risk.
Basel III Overview
The capital rules under Basel III establish minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for large and internationally active U.S. Bank Holding Companies (“BHCs”) and banks, including the Firm and its insured depository institution (“IDI”) subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The minimum amount of regulatory capital that must be held by BHCs and banks is determined by calculating risk-weighted assets ("RWA"), which are on-balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet exposures, weighted according to risk. Two comprehensive approaches are prescribed for calculating RWA: a standardized approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”). For each of the risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm is evaluated against the lower of the Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements. The Firm’s Basel III Standardized risk-based ratios are currently more binding than the Basel III Advanced risk-based ratios.
Basel III also includes a requirement for Advanced Approaches banking organizations, including the Firm, to calculate its SLR. Refer to SLR on page 51 for additional information.
Key Regulatory Developments
CECL regulatory capital transition
Beginning January 1, 2022, the $2.9 billion CECL capital benefit, provided by the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is being phased out at 25% per year over a three-year period. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm's CET1 capital reflected the remaining $1.4 billion benefit associated with the CECL capital transition provisions.
Additionally, effective January 1, 2023, the Firm phased out 50% of the other CECL capital transition provisions which impacted Tier 2 capital, adjusted average assets, total leverage exposure and RWA, as applicable.
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 86-96 and Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on CECL capital transition provisions and the CECL accounting guidance.
Risk-based Capital Targets
The Firm’s target for its Basel III Standardized CET1 capital ratio for the first quarter of 2024 remains at 13.5%. The Firm’s quarterly capital ratios may vary from the target dependent on market conditions. The target is based on the Basel III capital rules currently in effect.
Basel III Finalization
In July 2023, the Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC released a proposal to amend the risk-based capital framework, entitled "Regulatory capital rule: Amendments applicable to large banking organizations and to banking organizations with significant trading activity". Under the proposal, changes would include replacement of the advanced approach with an expanded risk-based approach, which would not permit the use of internal models for the calculation of risk-weighted assets, other than for Market risk. In addition, the stress capital buffer requirement would be applicable to both the expanded risk-based approach and the standardized approach. The proposal would significantly revise risk-based capital requirements for all banks with assets of $100 billion or more, including the Firm and other U.S. GSIBs. The proposed effective date is July 1, 2025 with a three year transition period applicable to the expanded risk-based approach.
GSIB Surcharge
In July 2023, the Federal Reserve also released a proposal to amend the calculation of the GSIB surcharge. If adopted as proposed, these amendments would require the Firm to assess its GSIB surcharge on an annual basis, using the average of the quarterly surcharge calculations throughout the calendar year, with daily averaging required for certain measures within the surcharge calculation. Surcharge increments would be reduced from 50bp to 10bp and there would also be other technical amendments to the Method 2 calculation. The proposed amendments would revise risk-based capital requirements for the Firm and other U.S. GSIBs, and would become effective on two calendar quarters after the adoption of the final rule. Refer to Risk-based Capital Regulatory Requirements on pages 89-90 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the GSIB surcharge.
48
The following tables present the Firm’s risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of these capital metrics. Refer to Note 23 for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics. First Republic Bank was not subject to Advanced approach regulatory capital requirements. As a result, for certain exposures associated with the First Republic acquisition, Advanced RWA and any impact on Advanced Total capital is calculated under the Standardized approach as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules. Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Standardized
Advanced
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Capital ratio requirements
(b)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Capital ratio requirements
(b)
Risk-based capital metrics:
(a)
CET1 capital
$
235,827
$
218,934
$
235,827
$
218,934
Tier 1 capital
262,585
245,631
262,585
245,631
Total capital
295,281
277,769
281,953
(c)
264,583
Risk-weighted assets
1,706,927
1,653,538
1,694,714
(c)
1,609,773
CET1 capital ratio
13.8
%
13.2
%
12.5
%
13.9
%
13.6
%
11.0
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
15.4
14.9
14.0
15.5
15.3
12.5
Total capital ratio
17.3
16.8
16.0
16.6
16.4
14.5
(a)
The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)
Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm for the period ended June 30, 2023. For the period ended December 31, 2022, the Basel III Standardized CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 12.0%, 13.5%, and 15.5%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 10.5%, 12.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. Refer to Note 23 for additional information.
(c)
Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Three months ended
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Capital ratio requirements
(c)
Leverage-based capital metrics:
(a)
Adjusted average assets
(b)
$
3,796,579
$
3,703,873
Tier 1 leverage ratio
6.9
%
6.6
%
4.0
%
Total leverage exposure
$
4,492,761
$
4,367,092
SLR
5.8
%
5.6
%
5.0
%
(a)
The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.
(c)
Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm. Refer to Note 23 for additional information.
49
Capital components
The following table presents reconciliations of total stockholders’ equity to Basel III CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Total stockholders’ equity
$
312,516
$
292,332
Less: Preferred stock
27,404
27,404
Common stockholders’ equity
285,112
264,928
Add:
Certain deferred tax liabilities
(a)
3,097
2,510
Other CET1 capital adjustments
(b)
5,586
6,221
Less:
Goodwill
(c)
54,339
53,501
Other intangible assets
3,629
1,224
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
$
235,827
$
218,934
Add: Preferred stock
27,404
27,404
Less: Other Tier 1 adjustments
646
707
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
$
262,585
$
245,631
Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2 capital
$
13,424
$
13,569
Qualifying allowance for credit losses
(d)
20,459
19,353
Other
(1,187)
(784)
Standardized Tier 2 capital
$
32,696
$
32,138
Standardized Total capital
$
295,281
$
277,769
Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses for Advanced Tier 2 capital
(e)
(13,328)
(f)
(13,186)
Advanced Tier 2 capital
$
19,368
$
18,952
Advanced Total capital
$
281,953
$
264,583
(a)
Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating CET1 capital.
(b)
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, included a net benefit associated with cash flow hedges and debit valuation adjustments ("DVA") related to structured notes recorded in AOCI of $5.3 billion and $5.2 billion and the benefit from the CECL capital transition provisions of $1.4 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively.
(c)
Goodwill deducted from capital includes goodwill associated with equity method investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions based on regulatory requirements. Refer to Principal investment risk on page
83
for additional information.
(d)
Represents the allowance for credit losses eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital up to 1.25% of credit risk RWA, including the impact of the CECL capital transition provision with any excess deducted from RWA.
(e)
Represents an adjustment to qualifying allowance for credit losses for the excess of eligible credit reserves over expected credit losses up to 0.6% of credit risk RWA, including the impact of the CECL capital transition provision with any excess deducted from RWA.
(f)
Included an incremental $714 million allowance for credit losses on certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Capital rollforward
The following table presents the changes in Basel III CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at December 31, 2022
$
218,934
Net income applicable to common equity
26,365
Dividends declared on common stock
(5,911)
Net purchase of treasury stock
(4,304)
Changes in additional paid-in capital
534
Changes related to AOCI applicable to capital:
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
2,969
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
(a)
267
Fair value hedges
(10)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans
(61)
Changes related to other CET1 capital adjustments
(b)
(2,956)
Change in Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
16,893
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at June 30, 2023
$
235,827
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2022
$
245,631
Change in CET1 capital
(b)
16,893
Redemptions of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock
—
Other
61
Change in Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
16,954
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at June 30, 2023
$
262,585
Standardized Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2022
$
32,138
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
(145)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses
(b)
1,106
Other
(403)
Change in Standardized Tier 2 capital
558
Standardized Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2023
$
32,696
Standardized Total capital at June 30, 2023
$
295,281
Advanced Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2022
$
18,952
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
(145)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses
(b)(c)
964
Other
(403)
Change in Advanced Tier 2 capital
416
Advanced Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2023
$
19,368
Advanced Total capital at June 30, 2023
$
281,953
(a)
Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of related derivatives.
(b)
Includes the impact of the CECL capital transition provisions and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.
(c)
Included an incremental $714 million allowance for credit losses on certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
50
RWA rollforward
The following table presents changes in the components of RWA under Basel III Standardized and Advanced approaches for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The amounts in the rollforward categories are estimates, based on the predominant driver of the change.
Standardized
Advanced
Six months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Credit risk RWA
(c)
Market risk RWA
Total RWA
Credit risk RWA
(c)(d)
Market risk RWA
Operational risk
RWA
Total RWA
December 31, 2022
$
1,568,536
$
85,002
$
1,653,538
$
1,078,076
$
85,432
$
446,265
$
1,609,773
Model & data changes
(a)
(6,013)
(3,592)
(9,605)
(3,772)
(3,592)
—
(7,364)
Movement in portfolio levels
(b)
70,207
(7,213)
62,994
102,745
(7,487)
(2,953)
92,305
Changes in RWA
64,194
(10,805)
53,389
98,973
(11,079)
(2,953)
84,941
June 30, 2023
$
1,632,730
$
74,197
$
1,706,927
$
1,177,049
$
74,353
$
443,312
$
1,694,714
(a)
Model & data changes refer to material movements in levels of RWA as a result of revised methodologies and/or treatment per regulatory guidance (exclusive of rule changes).
(b)
Movement in portfolio levels (inclusive of rule changes) refers to: for Credit risk RWA, changes in book size, impacts associated with the First Republic acquisition including the benefit of the shared-loss agreements entered into with the FDIC, position rolloffs in legacy portfolios in Home Lending, changes in composition and credit quality, market movements, and deductions for excess eligible credit reserves not eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital; for Market risk RWA, changes in position, market movements, and changes in the Firm’s regulatory multiplier from Regulatory VaR backtesting exceptions; and for Operational risk RWA, updates to cumulative losses and macroeconomic model inputs.
(c)
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Basel III Standardized Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $221.2 billion and $210.1 billion, respectively; and the Basel III Advanced Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $199.0 billion and $180.8 billion, respectively.
(d)
As of June 30, 2023, Credit risk RWA reflected approximately $57.1 billion of RWA calculated under the Standardized approach for certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for further information on Credit risk RWA, Market risk RWA and Operational risk RWA.
Supplementary leverage ratio
Refer to Supplementary Leverage Ratio on page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s SLR.
Three months ended
(in millions, except ratio)
June 30,
2023
December 31, 2022
Tier 1 capital
$
262,585
$
245,631
Total average assets
3,851,388
3,755,271
Less: Regulatory capital adjustments
(a)
54,809
51,398
Total adjusted average assets
(b)
3,796,579
3,703,873
Add: Off-balance sheet exposures
(c)
696,182
663,219
Total leverage exposure
$
4,492,761
$
4,367,092
SLR
5.8
%
5.6
%
(a)
For purposes of calculating the SLR, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, other intangible assets and adjustments for the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)
Adjusted average assets used for the calculation of Tier 1 leverage ratio.
(c)
Off-balance sheet exposures are calculated as the average of the three month-end spot balances on applicable regulatory exposures during the reporting quarter. Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports for additional information.
Line of business equity
Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration a variety of factors including capital levels of similarly rated peers and applicable regulatory capital requirements. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm updated its line of business capital allocations to reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to line of business equity on page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
The following table presents the capital allocated to each business segment.
Line of business equity (Allocated capital)
(in billions)
June 30,
2023
March 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
Consumer & Community Banking
$
55.5
$
52.0
$
50.0
Corporate & Investment Bank
108.0
108.0
103.0
Commercial Banking
30.0
28.5
25.0
Asset & Wealth Management
17.0
16.0
17.0
Corporate
74.6
71.2
69.9
Total common stockholders’ equity
$
285.1
$
275.7
$
264.9
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Capital actions
Common stock dividends
The Firm’s quarterly common stock dividend is currently $1.00 per share. On June 30, 2023, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors intends to increase the quarterly common stock dividend to $1.05 per share, effective in the third quarter of 2023. The Firm’s dividends are subject to approval by the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis.
Common stock
The Firm is authorized to purchase up to $30 billion under its common share repurchase program previously approved by the Board of Directors.
The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common stock for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased
16.7
5.0
38.7
23.1
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases
$
2,293
$
622
$
5,233
$
3,122
Refer to Capital actions on page 94 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
Refer to Part II, Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Part II, Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities on pages 209–210 of this Form 10-Q and page 34 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, respectively, for additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities.
Preferred stock
Preferred stock dividends declared were $373 million and $410 million, and $729 million and $807 million, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Refer to Note 19 of this Form 10-Q and Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s preferred stock, including the issuance and redemption of preferred stock.
Subordinated Debt
Refer to Long-term funding and issuance on page 60 and Note 18 for additional information on the Firm’s subordinated debt.
Capital planning and stress testing
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
On April 5, 2023, the Firm submitted its 2023 Capital Plan to the Federal Reserve. On June 30, 2023, the Firm announced that it had completed the Federal Reserve's 2023 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”) stress test process.
On July 27, 2023, the Federal Reserve announced the Firm's 2023 SCB requirement of 2.9% (down from the current 4.0%), which will result in a Standardized CET1
capital ratio requirement, including regulatory buffers, of 11.4% (down from the current 12.5%) for the fourth quarter of 2023. The SCB requirement will become effective on October 1, 2023 and will remain in effect until September 30, 2024.
Refer to Capital planning and stress testing on pages 86-87 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on CCAR.
Other capital requirements
Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity
The Federal Reserve’s TLAC rule requires the U.S. GSIB top-tier holding companies, including the Firm, to maintain minimum levels of external TLAC and eligible long-term debt (“eligible LTD”).
The following table presents the eligible external TLAC and eligible LTD amounts, as well as a representation of these amounts as a percentage of the Firm’s total RWA and total leverage exposure applying the impact of the CECL capital transition provisions as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in billions, except ratio)
External TLAC
LTD
External TLAC
LTD
Total eligible amount
$
493.8
$
218.2
$
486.0
$
228.5
% of RWA
28.9
%
12.8
%
29.4
%
13.8
%
Regulatory requirements
23.0
10.0
22.5
9.5
Surplus/(shortfall)
$
101.2
$
47.6
$
114.0
$
71.4
% of total leverage exposure
11.0
%
4.9
%
11.1
%
5.2
%
Regulatory requirements
9.5
4.5
9.5
4.5
Surplus/(shortfall)
$
66.9
$
16.1
$
71.2
$
32.0
Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm's regulatory requirements for TLAC to RWA and LTD to RWA ratios increased by 50 bps to 23.0% and 10.0%, respectively, due to the increase in the Firm’s GSIB requirements. Refer to Risk-based Capital Regulatory Requirements on pages 89-90 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the GSIB surcharge.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for further information on long-term debt issued by the Parent Company.
Refer to Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information on the financial consequences to holders of the Firm’s debt and equity securities in a resolution scenario.
Refer to other capital requirements on page 95 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on TLAC.
52
U.S. broker-dealer regulatory capital
J.P. Morgan Securities
JPMorgan Chase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities. J.P. Morgan Securities is subject to the regulatory capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). J.P. Morgan Securities is also registered as a futures commission merchant and is subject to regulatory capital requirements, including those imposed by the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the National Futures Association (“NFA”).
The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities’ net capital:
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Actual
Minimum
Net Capital
$
24,578
$
5,593
Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital
J.P. Morgan Securities plc
J.P. Morgan Securities plc is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and broker-dealer activities. J.P. Morgan Securities plc is jointly regulated in the U.K. by the Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). J.P. Morgan Securities plc is subject to the European Union (“EU”) Capital Requirements Regulation (“CRR”), as adopted in the U.K., and the PRA capital rules, each of which have implemented Basel III and thereby subject J.P. Morgan Securities plc to its requirements.
The Bank of England requires that U.K. banks, including U.K. regulated subsidiaries of overseas groups, maintain minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (“MREL”). As of June 30, 2023, J.P. Morgan Securities plc was compliant with its MREL requirements.
Effective January 1, 2023, J.P. Morgan Securities plc was required to meet the minimum leverage capital requirement established by the PRA of 3.25%, plus regulatory buffers.
The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities plc’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics:
June 30, 2023
Regulatory Minimum ratios
(a)
(in millions, except ratios)
Estimated
Total capital
$
55,711
CET1 capital ratio
17.1
%
4.5
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
22.1
6.0
Total capital ratio
28.2
8.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio
7.0
3.3
(b)
(a)
Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the PRA. J.P. Morgan Securities plc's capital ratios as of June 30, 2023 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by the PRA.
(b)
At least 75% of the Tier 1 leverage ratio minimum must be met with CET1 capital.
J.P. Morgan SE
JPMSE is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and markets activities. JPMSE is regulated by the European Central Bank as well as the local regulators in each of the countries in which it operates, and it is subject to EU capital requirements under Basel III.
JPMSE is required by the EU Single Resolution Board to maintain MREL. As of June 30, 2023, JPMSE was compliant with its MREL requirements.
The following table presents JPMSE’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics:
June 30, 2023
Regulatory Minimum ratios
(a)
(in millions, except ratios)
Estimated
Total capital
$
43,524
CET1 capital ratio
19.9
%
4.5
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
19.9
6.0
Total capital ratio
35.4
8.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio
5.5
3.0
(a)
Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the EU CRR. J.P. Morgan SE’s capital and leverage ratios as of June 30, 2023 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by EU regulators.
Refer to U.S. broker-dealer and Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital on page 96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
53
LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Firm will be unable to meet its contractual and contingent financial obligations as they arise or that it does not have the appropriate amount, composition and tenor of funding and liquidity to support its assets and liabilities. Refer to pages 97-104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and the Firm’s U.S. LCR Disclosure reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for a further discussion of the Firm’s liquidity risk.
LCR and HQLA
The LCR rule requires that the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. maintain an amount of eligible HQLA that is sufficient to meet their respective estimated total net cash outflows over a prospective 30 calendar-day period of significant stress.
Under the LCR rule, the amount of eligible HQLA held by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that is in excess of its stand-alone 100% minimum LCR requirement, and that is not transferable to non-bank affiliates, must be excluded from the Firm’s reported eligible HQLA. The LCR for both the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is required to be a minimum of 100%.
The following table summarizes the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s average LCR for the three months ended June 30, 2023, March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022 based on the Firm’s interpretation of the LCR framework.
Three months ended
Average amount
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
March 31, 2023
June 30,
2022
JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
HQLA
Eligible cash
(a)
$
440,294
$
453,287
$
634,480
Eligible securities
(b)(c)
327,837
278,223
107,473
Total HQLA
(d)(e)
$
768,131
$
731,510
$
741,953
Net cash outflows
$
683,446
$
642,650
$
676,234
LCR
112
%
114
%
110
%
Net excess eligible HQLA
(d)
$
84,685
$
88,860
$
65,719
JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A.:
LCR
129
%
140
%
169
%
Net excess eligible HQLA
$
211,233
$
278,651
$
487,867
(a)
Represents cash on deposit at central banks, primarily the Federal Reserve Banks.
(b)
Predominantly U.S. Treasuries, U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, and sovereign bonds net of applicable haircuts under the LCR rule.
(c)
Eligible HQLA securities may be reported in securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, trading assets, or investment securities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)
Excludes average excess eligible HQLA at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that are not transferable to non-bank affiliates.
(e)
End-of-period HQLA balances were $791.5 billion, $758.9 billion, and $721.1 billion for June 30, 2023, March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.
The Firm’s average LCR decreased during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the three months period ended March 31, 2023, due to long-term debt maturities, common stock repurchases and common stock
dividends paid, predominantly offset by a dividend payment from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. to the Parent Company.
The Firm's average LCR increased during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the prior year period, driven by dividend payments from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. to the Parent Company, partially offset by common stock repurchases and common stock dividends paid.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s average LCR decreased during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, reflecting an approximate 50% decline associated with the First Republic acquisition, reducing HQLA and increasing net cash outflows. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s HQLA was further impacted by a reduction in cash primarily driven by higher average loans, a dividend payment to the Parent Company, and a decline in average deposits.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s average LCR for the three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased when compared with the same period in the prior year, reflecting a decrease in JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s HQLA as a result of a reduction in cash from a decline in average deposits and loan growth, as well as lower market values of HQLA-eligible investment securities and the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to Note 10 and Note 28 for additional information on the Firm's investment securities portfolio and the First Republic acquisition.
Actions by the Federal Reserve have impacted depositor behavior, resulting in reductions to system-wide deposits, including those held by the Firm. Each of the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s average LCR may fluctuate from period to period due to changes in their respective eligible HQLA and estimated net cash outflows as a result of ongoing business activity and from the continued impacts of Federal Reserve actions as well as other factors.
Refer to page 98 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and the Firm’s U.S. LCR Disclosure reports for additional information on HQLA and net cash outflows.
Internal stress testing
The Firm conducts internal liquidity stress testing
that is intended to ensure that the Firm and its material legal entities have sufficient liquidity under a variety of adverse scenarios, including scenarios analyzed as part of the Firm’s resolution and recovery planning. Internal Stress scenarios are produced on a regular basis, and other stress tests are performed in response to specific market events or concerns. Results of stress tests are considered in the formulation of the Firm’s funding plan and assessment of its liquidity position.
The Firm maintains liquidity at the Parent Company, the Intermediate Holding Company (“IHC”), and operating subsidiaries at levels sufficient to comply with liquidity risk tolerances and minimum liquidity requirements, and to
54
manage through periods of stress when access to normal funding sources may be disrupted.
Other liquidity sources
In addition to the assets reported in the Firm’s eligible HQLA discussed above, the Firm had unencumbered marketable securities, such as equity and debt securities, that the Firm believes would be available to raise liquidity. This includes excess eligible HQLA securities at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that are not transferable to non-bank affiliates. The fair value of these securities was approximately $620 billion and $694 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, although the amount of liquidity that could be raised at any particular time would be dependent on prevailing market conditions. The decrease compared to December 31, 2022, was driven by a reduction in excess eligible HQLA securities at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., largely offset by an increase in CIB trading assets and AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition.
The Firm also had available borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) and the discount window at the Federal Reserve Banks as a result of collateral pledged by the Firm to such banks of approximately $332 billion and $323 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. This borrowing capacity excludes the benefit of cash and securities reported in the Firm’s eligible HQLA or other unencumbered securities that are currently pledged at the Federal Reserve Banks discount window and other central banks. Although available, the Firm does not view this borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Banks discount window and the other central banks as a primary source of liquidity.
NSFR
The net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”) is a liquidity requirement for large banking organizations that is intended to measure the adequacy of “available” stable funding that is sufficient to meet their “required” amounts of stable funding over a one-year horizon.
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were compliant with the 100% minimum NSFR requirement, based on the Firm's current interpretation of the final rule. By the end of August 2023, the Firm will be required to publicly disclose its quarterly average NSFR on a semiannual basis.
55
Funding
Sources of funds
Management believes that the Firm’s unsecured and secured funding capacity is sufficient to meet its on- and off-balance sheet obligations, which includes both short- and long-term cash requirements.
The Firm funds its global balance sheet through diverse sources of funding including stable deposits, secured and unsecured funding in the capital markets and stockholders’ equity. Deposits are the primary funding source for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Additionally, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. may access funding through short- or long-term secured borrowings, through the issuance of unsecured long-term debt, or from borrowings from the IHC. The
Firm’s non-bank subsidiaries are primarily funded from long-term unsecured borrowings and short-term secured borrowings which are primarily securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements. Excess funding is invested by Treasury and CIO in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio or deployed in cash or other short-term liquid investments based on their interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics.
Refer to Note 24 for additional information on off-balance sheet obligations.
Deposits
The table below summarizes, by LOB and Corporate, the period-end deposit balances as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the average deposit balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
Average
Average
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Consumer & Community Banking
$
1,173,514
$
1,131,611
$
1,157,309
$
1,180,453
$
1,135,261
$
1,167,057
Corporate & Investment Bank
735,576
689,893
722,818
773,664
711,266
765,200
Commercial Banking
269,026
271,342
275,196
300,339
270,595
308,518
Asset & Wealth Management
199,763
233,130
211,872
268,861
218,078
278,256
Corporate
21,083
14,203
20,219
8,995
18,931
4,948
Total Firm
$
2,398,962
$
2,340,179
$
2,387,414
$
2,532,312
$
2,354,131
$
2,523,979
The Firm believes that deposits provide a stable source of funding and reduce the Firm’s reliance on the wholesale funding markets. A significant portion of the Firm’s deposits are consumer deposits and wholesale operating deposits, which are both considered to be stable sources of liquidity. Wholesale operating deposits are generally considered to be stable sources of liquidity because they are generated from customers that maintain operating service relationships with the Firm.
The Firm believes that average deposit balances are generally more representative of deposit trends than period-end deposit balances. However, during periods of market disruption those trends could be affected.
Average deposits were lower for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by:
•
the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment,
•
continued deposit attrition in CIB, including actions to reduce certain deposits, partially offset by net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•
continued deposit attrition in CB, partially offset by continued inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023, and
•
a net decline in CCB primarily from existing accounts due to increased customer spending, largely offset by the impact of the First Republic acquisition,
partially offset by
•
an increase in Corporate
related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
Average deposits were lower for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by:
•
the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment,
•
continued deposit attrition in CIB, including actions to reduce certain deposits, partially offset by net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•
continued deposit attrition in CB, partially offset by continued inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023, and
•
a net decline in CCB primarily from existing accounts due to increased customer spending, partially offset by the impact of the First Republic acquisition,
partially offset by
•
an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
56
Period-end deposits increased, reflecting:
•
increases in CIB due to deposit inflows related to client-driven activities and net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•
$68 billion of deposits in CCB associated with the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by a net decline primarily in existing accounts due to increased customer spending, and
•
an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives,
partially offset by
•
the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment, and
•
ongoing attrition in CB driven by higher rates and seasonal outflows, predominantly offset by inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023.
Refer to the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis and the Business Segment Results on pages 16-19 and pages 22-46, respectively, for further information on deposit and liability balance trends. Refer to Note 3 for further information on structured notes.
Certain deposits are covered by insurance protection that provides additional funding stability and results in a benefit to the LCR. Deposit insurance protection may be available to depositors in the countries in which the deposits are placed. For example, the FDIC provides deposit insurance protection for deposits placed in a U.S. depository institution. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
(a)
, the Firmwide estimated uninsured deposits were $1,381.1 billion and $1,353.1 billion, respectively, primarily reflecting wholesale operating deposits.
Total uninsured deposits include time deposits. The table below presents an estimate of uninsured U.S. and non-U.S. time deposits, and their remaining maturities. The Firm’s estimates of its uninsured U.S. time deposits are based on data that the Firm calculates periodically under applicable FDIC regulations. For purposes of this presentation, all non-U.S. time deposits are deemed to be uninsured.
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
U.S.
Non-U.S.
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Three months or less
$
33,242
$
74,455
$
25,910
(a)
$
68,765
Over three months but within 6 months
15,044
5,452
8,670
3,658
Over six months but within 12 months
8,014
3,524
7,035
2,850
Over 12 months
770
2,506
787
2,634
Total
$
57,070
$
85,937
$
42,402
$
77,907
(a)
Prior-period amounts for the Firmwide estimated uninsured deposits, including uninsured U.S. time deposits, have been revised to conform with the current presentation, reflecting refinements to the calculation.
R
efer to pages 100-101 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for additional disclosure on the Firm's deposit balances.
The table below shows the loan and deposit balances, the loans-to-deposits ratios, and deposits as a percentage of total liabilities, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(in billions except ratios)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Deposits
$
2,399.0
$
2,340.2
Deposits as a % of total liabilities
67
%
69
%
Loans
$
1,300.1
$
1,135.6
Loans-to-deposits ratio
54
%
49
%
57
The following tables provide a summary of the average balances and average interest rates of JPMorgan Chase’s deposits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
Average balances
Three months ended
Six months ended
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2022
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2022
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing
$
646,767
$
713,059
$
635,748
$
709,294
Interest-bearing
Demand
(a)
286,453
352,081
283,524
346,005
Savings
(b)
883,737
987,067
887,257
996,138
Time
138,985
54,670
118,960
52,904
Total interest-bearing deposits
1,309,175
1,393,818
1,289,741
1,395,047
Total deposits in U.S. offices
1,955,942
2,106,877
1,925,489
2,104,341
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing
24,948
28,832
25,390
28,789
Interest-bearing
Demand
320,822
335,102
320,527
331,348
Time
85,702
61,501
82,725
59,501
Total interest-bearing deposits
406,524
396,603
403,252
390,849
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
431,472
425,435
428,642
419,638
Total deposits
$
2,387,414
$
2,532,312
$
2,354,131
$
2,523,979
(Unaudited)
Average interest rates
Three months ended
Six months ended
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2022
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2022
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing
NA
NA
NA
NA
Interest-bearing
Demand
(a)
3.41
%
0.32
%
3.09
%
0.18
%
Savings
(b)
1.04
0.12
0.97
0.10
Time
4.53
0.92
4.52
0.60
Total interest-bearing deposits
1.93
0.20
1.75
0.14
Total deposits in U.S. offices
1.28
0.12
1.19
0.08
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing
NA
NA
NA
NA
Interest-bearing
Demand
2.53
0.08
2.38
0.02
Time
5.66
0.72
5.32
0.38
Total interest-bearing deposits
3.21
0.20
2.98
0.08
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
3.01
0.16
2.80
0.06
Total deposits
1.60
%
0.16
%
1.47
%
0.08
%
(a)
Includes Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (“NOW”) accounts, and certain trust accounts.
(b)
Includes Money Market Deposit Accounts (“MMDAs”).
Refer to Note 16
for additional information on deposits.
58
The following table summarizes short-term and long-term funding, excluding deposits, as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and average balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 16-19 and Note 11 for additional information.
Sources of funds (excluding deposits)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
Average
Average
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Commercial paper
$
11,686
$
12,557
$
11,057
$
19,589
$
11,930
$
17,097
Other borrowed funds
7,532
8,418
9,791
12,533
9,931
13,061
Federal funds purchased
1,783
1,684
1,564
1,241
1,729
1,467
Total short-term unsecured funding
$
21,001
$
22,659
$
22,412
$
33,363
$
23,590
$
31,625
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(a)
$
260,999
$
198,382
$
258,297
$
227,075
$
252,322
$
235,300
Securities loaned
(a)
3,490
2,547
3,857
5,060
3,994
4,982
Other borrowed funds
21,804
(g)
23,052
21,179
26,376
22,037
27,152
Obligations of Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
(b)
16,383
9,236
12,741
6,779
11,622
6,625
Total short-term secured funding
$
302,676
$
233,217
$
296,074
$
265,290
$
289,975
$
274,059
Senior notes
$
177,966
$
188,025
$
180,712
$
187,143
$
182,830
$
188,779
Subordinated debt
19,763
21,803
20,543
19,139
21,182
19,688
Structured notes
(c)
76,648
70,839
75,075
66,025
74,413
68,584
Total long-term unsecured funding
$
274,377
$
280,667
$
276,330
$
272,307
$
278,425
$
277,051
Credit card securitization
(b)
$
999
$
1,999
$
999
$
1,748
$
1,087
$
2,010
FHLB advances
36,094
(d)
11,093
28,420
11,106
19,804
11,107
Purchase Money Note
(d)
48,883
NA
32,745
NA
16,463
NA
Other long-term secured funding
(e)
4,724
4,105
4,667
3,807
4,383
3,858
Total long-term secured funding
$
90,700
$
17,197
$
66,831
$
16,661
$
41,737
$
16,975
Preferred stock
(f)
$
27,404
$
27,404
$
27,404
$
32,838
$
27,404
$
33,180
Common stockholders’ equity
(f)
$
285,112
$
264,928
$
277,885
$
247,986
$
274,560
$
250,234
(a)
Primarily consists of short-term securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.
(b)
Included in beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(c)
Includes certain TLAC-eligible long-term unsecured debt issued by the Parent Company.
(d)
As of June 30, 2023, included $25.0 billion FHLB advances and the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(e)
Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.
(f)
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53, Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page
99
of this Form 10-Q, and Note 21 and Note 22 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on preferred stock and common stockholders’ equity.
(g)
As of June 30, 2023, included FHLB advances with original maturities of less than one year of $2.3 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
Short-term funding
The Firm’s sources of short-term secured funding primarily consist of securities loaned or sold under agreements to
repurchase. These instruments are secured predominantly by high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased at June 30, 2023, compared with December 31, 2022, due to higher secured financing of trading assets and the impact of a lower level of netting on client-driven market-making activities in Markets.
The balances associated with securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate over time due to investment and financing activities of clients, the Firm’s demand for financing, the ongoing management of the mix of the Firm’s liabilities, including its secured and unsecured financing (for both the investment securities and market-making portfolios), and other market and portfolio factors.
The Firm’s sources of short-term unsecured funding primarily consist of issuances of wholesale commercial paper and other borrowed funds.
The decrease in commercial paper at June 30, 2023 from December 31, 2022, and for the average three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the prior year periods, was due to lower net issuance levels resulting from short-term liquidity management.
The decrease in average unsecured other borrowed funds for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the prior year periods was due to a lower level of overdrafts as well as net maturities of structured notes classified as other borrowed funds in CIB.
59
Long-term funding and issuance
Long-term funding provides an additional source of stable funding and liquidity for the Firm. The Firm’s long-term funding plan is driven primarily by expected client activity, liquidity considerations, and regulatory requirements, including TLAC. Long-term funding objectives include maintaining diversification, maximizing market access and optimizing funding costs. The Firm evaluates various funding markets, tenors and currencies in creating its optimal long-term funding plan.
The significant majority of the Firm’s long-term unsecured funding is issued by the Parent Company to provide flexibility in support of the funding needs of both bank and non-bank subsidiaries. The Parent Company advances substantially all net funding proceeds to its subsidiary, the IHC. The IHC does not issue debt to external counterparties. The following table summarizes long-term unsecured issuance and maturities or redemptions
for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Refer to Note 18 of this Form 10-Q and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 97-104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the IHC and long-term debt.
Long-term unsecured funding
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
(Notional in millions)
Parent Company
Subsidiaries
Issuance
Senior notes issued in the U.S. market
$
2,500
$
13,000
$
2,500
$
21,100
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets
—
—
—
2,752
—
—
—
—
Total senior notes
2,500
13,000
2,500
23,852
—
—
—
—
Structured notes
(a)
563
918
1,444
2,074
7,947
11,230
15,665
19,679
Total long-term unsecured funding – issuance
$
3,063
$
13,918
$
3,944
$
25,926
$
7,947
$
11,230
$
15,665
$
19,679
Maturities/redemptions
Senior notes
$
6,335
$
5,000
$
13,433
$
8,693
$
2
$
—
$
67
$
64
Subordinated debt
2,027
—
2,027
—
—
—
—
—
Structured notes
324
415
771
1,392
6,479
7,428
13,981
15,075
Total long-term unsecured funding – maturities/redemptions
$
8,686
$
5,415
$
16,231
$
10,085
$
6,481
$
7,428
$
14,048
$
15,139
(a)
Includes certain TLAC-eligible long-term unsecured debt issued by the Parent Company.
The Firm can also raise secured long-term funding through securitization of consumer credit card loans and FHLB advances. The following table summarizes the securitization issuance, as well as the FHLB advances and the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition, and their respective maturities or redemptions, as applicable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Long-term secured funding
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
Issuance
Maturities/Redemptions
Issuance
Maturities/Redemptions
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Credit card securitization
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
1,000
$
650
FHLB advances
25,775
(a)
—
602
4
25,775
(a)
—
604
6
Purchase Money Note
(a)
50,000
NA
—
NA
50,000
NA
—
NA
Other long-term secured funding
(b)
591
82
58
31
742
284
112
92
Total long-term secured funding
$
76,366
$
82
$
660
$
35
$
76,517
$
284
$
1,716
$
748
(a)
As of June 30, 2023, included FHLB advances and the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)
Includes long-term structured notes that are secured.
The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions; those client-driven loan securitizations are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table above. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of client-driven loan securitizations.
60
Credit ratings
The cost and availability of financing are influenced by credit ratings. Reductions in these ratings could have an adverse effect on the Firm’s access to liquidity sources, increase the cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to the Firm. The nature and magnitude of the impact of ratings downgrades depends on numerous contractual and behavioral factors, which the Firm believes are incorporated in its liquidity risk
and stress testing metrics. The Firm believes that it maintains sufficient liquidity to withstand a potential decrease in funding capacity due to ratings downgrades.
Additionally, the Firm’s funding requirements for VIEs and other third-party commitments may be adversely affected by a decline in credit ratings. Refer to Note 5 and Note 14 for additional information.
The credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries as of June 30, 2023, were as follows:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
J.P. Morgan Securities plc
J.P. Morgan SE
June 30, 2023
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service
A1
P-1
Stable
Aa2
P-1
Stable
Aa3
P-1
Stable
Standard & Poor’s
(a)
A-
A-2
Stable
A+
A-1
Stable
A+
A-1
Stable
Fitch Ratings
AA-
F1+
Stable
AA
F1+
Stable
AA
F1+
Stable
(a) On March 31, 2023, Standard & Poor's affirmed the credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries, and revised the outlook from positive to stable.
Refer to page 104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the factors that could affect the credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries.
61
CREDIT AND INVESTMENT RISK MANAGEMENT
Credit and investment risk is the risk associated with the default or change in credit profile of a client, counterparty or customer; or loss of principal or a reduction in expected returns on investments, including consumer credit risk,
wholesale credit risk, and investment portfolio risk. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio, Wholesale Credit Portfolio and
Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 65-82 for a further discussion of Credit Risk.
Refer to page
83
for a further discussion of Investment Portfolio Risk. Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 106-130 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s Credit and Investment Risk Management framework.
62
CREDIT PORTFOLIO
Credit risk is the risk associated with the default or change in credit profile of a client, counterparty or customer.
In the following tables, total loans include loans retained (i.e., held-for-investment); loans held-for-sale; and certain loans accounted for at fair value. The following tables do not include loans which the Firm accounts for at fair value and classifies as trading assets; refer to Notes 2 and 3 for further information regarding these loans. Refer to Notes 12, 24 and 5 for additional information on the Firm’s loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables.
Refer to Note 10 for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio; and refer to Note 11 for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the securities financing portfolio. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 65-69 and Note 12 for further discussions of the consumer credit environment and consumer loans. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 and Note 12 for further discussions of the wholesale credit environment and wholesale loans.
On January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted changes to the TDR accounting guidance, which eliminated the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs including the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession. The new guidance requires disclosure for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty consisting of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications. The Firm has defined these types of modifications as financial difficulty modifications ("FDMs"). As a result of the elimination of the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession, the population of loans considered FDMs will differ from those previously considered TDRs. Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.
Total credit portfolio
Credit exposure
Nonperforming
(d)
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Loans retained
$
1,255,688
$
1,089,598
$
6,377
$
5,837
Loans held-for-sale
5,592
3,970
119
54
Loans at fair value
38,789
42,079
777
829
Total loans
1,300,069
1,135,647
7,273
6,720
Derivative receivables
64,217
70,880
286
296
Receivables from customers
(a)
42,741
49,257
—
—
Total credit-related assets
1,407,027
1,255,784
7,559
7,016
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned
NA
NA
243
203
Other
NA
NA
36
28
Total
assets acquired in loan satisfactions
NA
NA
279
231
Lending-related commitments
1,473,420
1,326,782
332
455
Total credit portfolio
$
2,880,447
(c)
$
2,582,566
$
8,170
$
7,702
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
(b)
$
(32,090)
$
(19,330)
$
—
$
—
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,282)
(23,014)
NA
NA
(a)
Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM; these are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage credit exposures.
(c)
Included credit exposure associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of $104.6 billion in the Consumer credit portfolio and $98.2 billion in the Wholesale credit portfolio.
(d)
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, nonperforming assets excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $215 million and $302 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.
63
The following table provides information on Firmwide nonaccrual loans to total loans.
(in millions,
except ratios)
June 30, 2023
Dec 31, 2022
Total nonaccrual loans
$
7,273
$
6,720
Total loans
1,300,069
1,135,647
Firmwide nonaccrual loans to total loans outstanding
0.56
%
0.59
%
The following table provides information about the Firm’s net charge-offs and recoveries.
(in millions,
except ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Net charge-offs
$
1,411
$
657
$
2,548
$
1,239
Average retained loans
1,194,044
1,035,933
1,138,550
1,020,180
Net charge-off rates
0.47
%
0.25
%
0.45
%
0.24
%
64
CONSUMER CREDIT PORTFOLIO
The Firm’s retained consumer portfolio consists primarily of loans and lending-related commitments for residential real estate, credit card, scored auto and business banking. The consumer credit portfolio also includes certain loans and lending-related commitments associated with the First Republic acquisition, primarily in residential real estate. The Firm’s focus is on serving primarily the prime segment of the consumer credit market. Refer to Note 12 of this Form 10-Q; and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 110-115 and Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer loans, as well as the Firm’s nonaccrual and charge-off accounting policies. Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q and Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on lending-related commitments.
The following tables present consumer credit-related information with respect to the scored credit portfolios held in CCB, AWM, CIB and Corporate.
Consumer credit portfolio
(in millions)
Credit exposure
Nonaccrual loans
((j)(k)(l)
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate
(a)
$
328,010
$
237,561
$
3,641
$
3,745
Auto and other
(b)(c)
68,185
63,192
143
129
Total loans – retained
396,195
300,753
3,784
3,874
Loans held-for-sale
549
618
71
28
Loans at fair value
(d)
11,460
10,004
410
423
Total consumer, excluding credit card loans
408,204
311,375
4,265
4,325
Lending-related commitments
(e)
50,846
33,518
Total consumer exposure, excluding credit card
459,050
(i)
344,893
Credit card
Loans retained
(f)
191,348
185,175
NA
NA
Total credit card loans
191,348
185,175
NA
NA
Lending-related commitments
(e)(g)
881,485
821,284
Total credit card exposure
1,072,833
1,006,459
Total consumer credit portfolio
$
1,531,883
$
1,351,352
$
4,265
$
4,325
Credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
(h)
$
(985)
$
(1,187)
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
Average loans - retained
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
(m)
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate
$
(25)
$
(67)
$
293,073
$
232,770
(0.03)
%
(0.12)
%
Auto and other
147
94
66,470
66,879
0.89
0.56
Total consumer, excluding credit card - retained
122
27
359,543
299,649
0.14
0.04
Credit card - retained
1,124
580
187,027
158,434
2.41
1.47
Total consumer - retained
$
1,246
$
607
$
546,570
$
458,083
0.91
%
0.53
%
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
Average loans - retained
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
(m)
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate
$
(45)
$
(134)
$
265,082
$
229,369
(0.03)
%
(0.12)
%
Auto and other
299
207
65,145
68,197
0.93
0.61
Total consumer, excluding credit card - retained
254
73
330,227
297,566
0.16
0.05
Credit card - retained
2,046
1,086
183,757
153,941
2.25
1.42
Total consumer - retained
$
2,300
$
1,159
$
513,984
$
451,507
0.90
%
0.52
%
(a)
Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM.
(b)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluded operating lease assets of $10.9 billion and $12.0 billion, respectively. These operating lease assets are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 17 for further information.
(c)
Includes scored auto and business banking loans, and overdrafts.
(d)
Includes scored mortgage loans held in CCB and CIB, and other consumer unsecured loans in CIB.
(e)
Credit card, home equity and certain business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card commitments, and if certain conditions are met, home equity commitments and certain business banking commitments, the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to Note 24 for further information.
(f)
Includes billed interest and fees.
(g)
Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
65
(h)
Represents the notional amount of protection obtained through the issuance of credit-related notes that reference certain pools of residential real estate and auto loans in the retained consumer portfolio.
(i)
Included credit exposure of $104.6 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of $101.5 billion in residential real estate and $3.1 billion in auto and other.
(j)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $215 million and $302 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status, as permitted by regulatory guidance.
(k)
Generally excludes loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
(l)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded $39 million and $101 million, respectively, of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA.
(m)
Average consumer loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were $13.3 billion and $18.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $12.4 billion and $21.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating net charge-off/(recovery) rates.
Maturities and sensitivity to changes in interest rates
The table below sets forth loan maturities by scheduled repayments, by class of loan and the distribution between fixed and floating interest rates based on the stated terms of the loan agreements. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 110-115 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Within
1 year
(d)
1-5
years
5-15
years
After 15 years
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate
$
16,797
$
27,570
$
109,586
$
183,944
$
337,897
Auto and other
19,826
(e)
45,847
4,629
5
70,307
Total consumer, excluding credit
card loans
(a)
$
36,623
$
73,417
$
114,215
$
183,949
$
408,204
Total credit card loans
$
190,780
$
568
$
—
$
—
$
191,348
Total consumer loans
$
227,403
$
73,985
$
114,215
$
183,949
$
599,552
Loans due after one year at fixed interest rates
Residential real estate
(b)
$
20,332
$
59,618
$
91,537
Auto and other
45,771
3,678
5
Credit card
568
—
—
Loans due after one year at variable interest rates
Residential real estate
(c)
$
7,238
$
49,968
$
92,407
Auto and other
76
951
—
Total consumer loans
$
73,985
$
114,215
$
183,949
(a)
Included $3.6 billion, $4.7 billion, $27.3 billion, and $58.3 billion of loans within 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-15 years, and after 15 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)
Included $3.0 billion, $8.8 billion, and $15.6 billion in 1-5 years, 5-15 years, and after 15 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(c)
Included $1.7 billion, $18.6 billion, and $42.7 billion in 1-5 years, 5-15 years, and after 15 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)
Includes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value.
(e)
Includes overdrafts.
66
Consumer, excluding credit card
Portfolio analysis
Loans increased compared to December 31, 2022 driven by residential real estate loans associated with the First Republic acquisition and higher auto loans.
Residential real estate:
The residential real estate portfolio, including loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, predominantly consists of prime mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit.
Retained loans increased compared to December 31, 2022, reflecting residential real estate loans associated with the First Republic acquisition. Retained nonaccrual loans decreased compared to December 31, 2022. Net recoveries were lower for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in the prior year driven by lower prepayments due to higher interest rates.
Loans at fair value decreased from December 31, 2022, driven by a decrease in CIB due to sales outpacing purchases largely offset by an increase in Home Lending as originations outpaced warehouse loan sales. Nonaccrual loans at fair value were relatively flat compared to December 31, 2022.
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of interest-only residential mortgage loans was $90.0 billion and $36.3 billion, respectively. The increase was driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition. These loans have an interest-only payment period generally followed by an adjustable-rate or fixed-rate fully amortizing payment period to maturity and are typically originated as higher-balance loans to higher-income borrowers. The credit performance of this portfolio is comparable with the performance of the broader prime mortgage portfolio and there were no charge-offs associated with the First Republic acquisition.
The carrying value of home equity lines of credit outstanding was $16.9 billion at June 30, 2023, which included $2.6 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition. The carrying value of home equity lines of credit outstanding included $4.6 billion of HELOCs that have recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments or have been modified and $4.7 billion of interest-only balloon HELOCs, which primarily mature after 2030. The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are exhibiting a material deterioration in their credit risk profile.
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, predominantly loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value. The Firm monitors its exposure to certain potential unrecoverable claim payments related to government-insured loans and considers this exposure in estimating the allowance for loan losses.
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Current
$
614
$
659
30-89 days past due
112
136
90 or more days past due
215
302
Total government guaranteed loans
$
941
$
1,097
Geographic composition and current estimated loan-to-value ratio of residential real estate loans
At June 30, 2023, $229.8 billion, or 70% of the total retained residential real estate loan portfolio, was concentrated in California, New York, Florida, Texas and Massachusetts, compared with $147.8 billion, or 62% at December 31, 2022.
Refer to Note 12 for information on the geographic composition and current estimated LTVs of the Firm’s residential real estate loans.
Modified residential real estate loans
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, residential real estate FDMs were $35 million and $75 million, respectively. In addition to FDMs, the Firm also had $33 million and $48 million of loans subject to trial modification where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified, as well as $3 million and $5 million of loans subject to discharge under Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings ("Chapter 7 loans") for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. Accordingly, trial modifications and Chapter 7 loans were considered TDRs, but not FDMs. Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, residential real estate TDRs were $115 million and $233 million, respectively. Refer to Note 12 for further information on TDRs in prior periods.
67
Auto and other:
The auto and other loan portfolio, including loans at fair value consists of prime-quality scored auto and business banking loans, other consumer unsecured loans, and overdrafts. The portfolio increased when compared to December 31, 2022 due to originations of scored Auto loans and an increase in other consumer unsecured fair value option loans associated with the First Republic acquisition, largely offset by paydowns. Net charge-offs increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in the prior year due to higher scored Auto charge-offs as delinquency levels normalized and vehicle valuations declined. The scored Auto net charge-off rates were 0.41% and 0.12% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 0.43% and 0.15% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Nonperforming assets
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, about consumer, excluding credit card, nonperforming assets.
Nonperforming assets
(a)
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Nonaccrual loans
Residential real estate
(b)
$
4,122
$
4,196
Auto and other
(c)
143
129
Total nonaccrual loans
4,265
4,325
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned
126
129
Other
36
28
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
162
157
Total nonperforming assets
$
4,427
$
4,482
(a)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonperforming assets excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $215 million and $302 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(b)
Generally excludes loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
(c)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded $39 million and $101 million, respectively, of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA.
Nonaccrual loans
The following table presents changes in consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Nonaccrual loan activity
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Beginning balance
$
4,325
$
5,350
Additions
1,290
1,149
Reductions:
Principal payments and other
(a)
486
789
Charge-offs
202
117
Returned to performing status
573
824
Foreclosures and other liquidations
89
97
Total reductions
1,350
1,827
Net changes
(60)
(678)
Ending balance
$
4,265
$
4,672
(a)
Other reductions include loan sales.
Refer to Note 12 for further information about the consumer credit portfolio, including information about delinquencies, other credit quality indicators, loan modifications and loans that were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.
68
Credit card
Total credit card loans increased from December 31, 2022 reflecting growth from new accounts and revolving balances which continued to normalize to pre-pandemic levels. The June 30, 2023 30+ and 90+ day delinquency rates of 1.70% and 0.84%, respectively, increased compared to the December 31, 2022 30+ and 90+ day delinquency rates of 1.45% and 0.68% respectively, and net charge-offs increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in the prior year as 30+ day delinquencies have normalized.
Consistent with the Firm’s policy, all credit card loans typically remain on accrual status until charged off. However, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses includes the estimated uncollectible portion of accrued and billed interest and fee income. Refer to Note 12 for further information about this portfolio, including information about delinquencies.
Geographic and FICO composition of credit card loans
Refer to Note 12 for information on the geographic and FICO composition of the Firm’s credit card loans.
Modifications of credit card loans
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, credit card FDMs were $181 million and $326 million, respectively. In addition to FDMs, the Firm also had $26 million of loans subject to trial modification where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. Accordingly, trial modifications were considered TDRs, but not FDMs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, credit card TDRs were $81 million and $163 million, respectively.
Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.
69
WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO
In its wholesale businesses, the Firm is exposed to credit risk primarily through its underwriting, lending, market-making, and hedging activities with and for clients and counterparties, as well as through various operating services (such as cash management and clearing activities), securities financing activities and cash placed with banks. A portion of the loans originated or acquired by the Firm’s wholesale businesses is generally retained on the balance sheet. The Firm distributes a significant percentage of the loans that it originates into the market as part of its syndicated loan business and to manage portfolio concentrations and credit risk. The wholesale portfolio is actively managed, in part by conducting ongoing, in-depth reviews of client credit quality and transaction structure inclusive of collateral where applicable, and of industry, product and client concentrations. Refer to the industry discussion on pages 72-75 for further information.
The Firm’s wholesale credit portfolio includes exposure held in CIB, CB, AWM and Corporate, as well as risk-rated BWM and auto dealer exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with the First Republic acquisition to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. Accordingly, reporting classifications and internal risk rating profiles in the wholesale portfolio may change in future periods. Refer to Business Developments on page 9 for additional information.
As of June 30, 2023, the increase in nonperforming exposure was driven by loans, resulting from client-specific downgrades in CB and AWM, partially offset by a reduction in lending-related commitments. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, wholesale charge-offs remained low, despite an increase in charge-offs in the second quarter of 2023 concentrated in Office real estate.
As of June 30, 2023, retained loans increased $64.5 billion predominantly driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Lending-related commitments increased $69.1 billion driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition, and net portfolio activity in CIB and CB, including an increase in held-for-sale positions in the bridge financing portfolio.
Wholesale credit portfolio
Credit exposure
Nonperforming
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Loans retained
$
668,145
$
603,670
$
2,593
$
1,963
Loans held-for-sale
5,043
3,352
48
26
Loans at fair value
27,329
32,075
367
406
Loans
700,517
639,097
3,008
2,395
Derivative receivables
64,217
70,880
286
296
Receivables from customers
(a)
42,741
49,257
—
—
Total wholesale credit-related assets
807,475
759,234
3,294
2,691
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned
—
NA
117
74
Other
—
NA
—
—
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
—
NA
117
74
Lending-related commitments
541,089
471,980
332
455
Total wholesale credit portfolio
$
1,348,564
(c)
$
1,231,214
$
3,743
$
3,220
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
(b)
$
(31,105)
$
(18,143)
$
—
$
—
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,282)
(23,014)
—
NA
(a)
Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM; these are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Credit derivatives on page 79 and Note 5 for additional information.
(c)
Included credit exposure of $98.2 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition.
70
Wholesale credit exposure – maturity and ratings profile
The following tables present the maturity and internal risk rating profiles of the wholesale credit portfolio as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The Firm generally considers internal ratings with qualitative characteristics equivalent to BBB-/Baa3 or higher as investment grade, and takes into consideration collateral and structural support when determining the internal risk rating for each credit facility. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on internal risk ratings.
Maturity profile
(d)
Ratings profile
1 year or less
1 year through 5 years
After 5 years
Total
Investment-grade
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
June 30, 2023,
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans retained
$
225,626
$
265,856
$
176,663
$
668,145
$
451,978
$
216,167
$
668,145
68
%
Derivative receivables
64,217
64,217
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,282)
(23,282)
Total derivative receivables, net of collateral
12,198
11,089
17,648
40,935
32,682
8,253
40,935
80
Lending-related commitments
141,356
375,289
24,444
541,089
354,209
186,880
541,089
65
Subtotal
379,180
652,234
218,755
1,250,169
838,869
411,300
1,250,169
67
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
(a)
32,372
32,372
Receivables from customers
42,741
42,741
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
$
1,325,282
$
1,325,282
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
(b)(c)
$
(6,612)
$
(22,502)
$
(1,991)
$
(31,105)
$
(26,836)
$
(4,269)
$
(31,105)
86
%
Maturity profile
(d)
Ratings profile
1 year or less
1 year through 5 years
After 5 years
Total
Investment-grade
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans retained
$
204,761
$
253,896
$
145,013
$
603,670
$
425,412
$
178,258
$
603,670
70
%
Derivative receivables
70,880
70,880
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,014)
(23,014)
Total derivative receivables, net of collateral
13,508
14,880
19,478
47,866
36,231
11,635
47,866
76
Lending-related commitments
101,083
347,456
23,441
471,980
327,168
144,812
471,980
69
Subtotal
319,352
616,232
187,932
1,123,516
788,811
334,705
1,123,516
70
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
(a)
35,427
35,427
Receivables from customers
49,257
49,257
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
$
1,208,200
$
1,208,200
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
(b)(c)
$
(2,817)
$
(13,530)
$
(1,796)
$
(18,143)
$
(15,115)
$
(3,028)
$
(18,143)
83
%
(a)
Loans held-for-sale are primarily related to syndicated loans and loans transferred from the retained portfolio.
(b)
These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.
(c)
The notional amounts are presented on a net basis by underlying reference entity and the ratings profile shown is based on the ratings of the reference entity on which protection has been purchased. Predominantly all of the credit derivatives entered into by the Firm where it has purchased protection used in credit portfolio management activities are executed with investment-grade counterparties. In addition, the Firm obtains credit protection against certain loans in the retained loan portfolio through the issuance of credit-related notes.
(d)
The maturity profile of retained loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables is generally based on remaining contractual maturity. Derivative contracts that are in a receivable position as of June 30, 2023, may become payable prior to maturity based on their cash flow profile or changes in market conditions.
71
Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures
The Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry exposures, and pays particular attention to industries with actual or potential credit concerns.
Exposures deemed criticized align with the U.S. banking regulators’ definition of criticized exposures, which consist of the special mention, substandard and doubtful categories. Total criticized exposure, excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, was $35.0 billion and $31.3 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, representing approximately 2.8% and 2.7% of total wholesale credit exposure, respectively
. Criticized exposure increased, driven by client-specific downgrades largely in Real Estate, Consumer and Retail, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, and Healthcare, as well as exposures associated with the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by client-specific upgrades. Of
the $35.0 billion of criticized exposure at June 30, 2023, approximately half was undrawn and $31.8 billion was performing.
The table below summarizes by industry the Firm’s exposures as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The industry of risk category is generally based on the client or counterparty’s primary business activity. Refer to Note 4 for additional information on industry concentrations.
Wholesale credit exposure – industries
(a)
Selected metrics
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges and credit-related notes
(i)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the six months ended
Credit exposure
(f)(g)(h)
Investment- grade
Noncriticized
Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
206,912
$
151,293
$
50,328
$
4,715
$
576
$
286
$
102
$
(671)
$
—
Individuals and Individual Entities
(b)
141,178
115,505
24,954
210
509
1,158
—
—
—
Asset Managers
138,143
87,284
50,713
138
8
72
—
—
(8,906)
Consumer & Retail
125,935
62,890
54,980
7,511
554
416
59
(3,618)
—
Industrials
77,206
43,489
30,310
3,242
165
362
16
(2,072)
(3)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
76,444
41,401
27,127
7,708
208
125
78
(3,396)
—
Healthcare
65,547
43,569
19,435
2,140
403
292
13
(2,829)
(13)
Banks & Finance Cos
61,659
31,037
29,540
1,061
21
71
4
(470)
(1,123)
State & Municipal Govt
(c)
37,157
33,372
3,560
222
3
7
—
(4)
—
Utilities
35,757
25,124
9,746
768
119
60
(2)
(1,989)
—
Oil & Gas
33,233
18,969
13,768
446
50
42
4
(1,384)
—
Automotive
32,947
23,385
9,174
235
153
56
—
(623)
—
Chemicals & Plastics
22,195
12,020
9,243
811
121
26
—
(835)
—
Insurance
21,874
15,513
6,062
299
—
14
—
(531)
(7,529)
Central Govt
16,845
16,396
318
127
4
—
—
(3,724)
(229)
Metals & Mining
15,631
8,528
6,623
450
30
—
(6)
(209)
—
Transportation
15,447
6,879
7,002
1,516
50
64
(18)
(598)
—
Securities Firms
9,077
6,116
2,961
—
—
4
—
(14)
(2,693)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
4,993
4,599
394
—
—
—
—
(1)
—
All other
(d)
135,271
114,197
20,621
216
237
40
(2)
(8,137)
(2,786)
Subtotal
$
1,273,451
$
861,566
$
376,859
$
31,815
$
3,211
$
3,095
$
248
$
(31,105)
$
(23,282)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
32,372
Receivables from customers
42,741
Total
(e)
$
1,348,564
72
(continued from previous page)
Selected metrics
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges and credit-related notes
(i)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the year ended
Credit exposure
(f)(g)
Investment- grade
Noncriticized
Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
170,857
$
129,866
$
36,945
$
3,609
$
437
$
543
$
19
$
(113)
$
—
Individuals and Individual Entities
(b)
130,815
112,006
18,104
360
345
1,038
1
—
—
Asset Managers
95,656
78,925
16,665
61
5
15
(1)
—
(8,278)
Consumer & Retail
120,555
60,781
51,871
7,295
608
321
49
(1,157)
—
Industrials
72,483
39,052
30,500
2,809
122
282
44
(1,258)
—
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
72,286
39,199
25,689
7,096
302
62
39
(1,766)
—
Healthcare
62,613
43,839
17,117
1,479
178
43
27
(1,055)
—
Banks & Finance Cos
51,816
27,811
22,994
961
50
36
—
(262)
(994)
State & Municipal Govt
(c)
33,847
33,191
529
126
1
36
—
(9)
(5)
Utilities
36,218
25,981
9,294
807
136
21
15
(607)
(1)
Oil & Gas
38,668
20,547
17,616
474
31
57
(6)
(414)
—
Automotive
33,287
23,908
8,839
416
124
198
(2)
(513)
—
Chemicals & Plastics
20,030
12,134
7,103
744
49
10
3
(298)
—
Insurance
21,045
15,468
5,396
181
—
1
—
(273)
(7,296)
Central Govt
19,095
18,698
362
35
—
—
10
(4,591)
(677)
Metals & Mining
15,915
8,825
6,863
222
5
7
(1)
(27)
(4)
Transportation
15,009
6,497
6,862
1,574
76
24
2
(339)
—
Securities Firms
8,066
4,235
3,716
115
—
—
(13)
(26)
(2,811)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
4,962
4,525
437
—
—
—
—
—
—
All other
(d)
123,307
105,284
17,555
223
245
4
(5)
(5,435)
(2,948)
Subtotal
$
1,146,530
$
810,772
$
304,457
$
28,587
$
2,714
$
2,698
$
181
$
(18,143)
$
(23,014)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
35,427
Receivables from customers
49,257
Total
(e)
$
1,231,214
(a)
The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2022, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures as of June 30, 2023, not actual rankings of such exposures as of December 31, 2022.
(b)
Individuals and Individual Entities predominantly consists of Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB, and includes exposure to personal investment companies and personal and testamentary trusts.
(c)
In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) noted above, the Firm held $6.8 billion and $6.6 billion of trading assets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively; $24.0 billion and $6.8 billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $11.6 billion and $19.7 billion, respectively, of HTM securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. Refer to Note 2 and Note 10 for further information.
(d)
All other includes: SPEs, and Private education and civic organizations, representing approximately 94% and 6%, respectively, as of June 30, 2023 and 95% and 5%, respectively, as of December 31, 2022.
(e)
Excludes cash and other deposits placed with banks of $485.4 billion
and $556.6 billion, as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is predominantly placed with various central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.
(f)
Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.
(g)
Credit exposure includes held-for-sale and fair value option elected lending-related commitments.
(h)
Included credit exposure of $98.2 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition predominantly in Asset Managers, Real Estate, and Individuals and Individual Entities.
(i)
Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. The All other category includes purchased credit protection on certain credit indices.
73
Presented below is additional detail on certain of the Firm’s industry exposures.
Real Estate
Real Estate exposure was $206.9 billion as of June 30, 2023. Criticized exposure increased by $1.3 billion from $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2022 to $5.3 billion as of June 30, 2023, driven by client-specific downgrades, partially offset by client-specific upgrades.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-grade
% Drawn
(e)
Multifamily
(a)
$
119,840
$
11
$
119,851
83
%
89
%
Other Income Producing Properties
(b)
18,664
178
18,842
56
68
Industrial
17,997
—
17,997
66
74
Office
17,623
24
17,647
62
76
Services and Non Income Producing
15,656
63
15,719
64
53
Retail
12,899
35
12,934
61
71
Lodging
3,902
20
3,922
16
47
Total Real Estate Exposure
(c)
$
206,581
$
331
$
206,912
(d)
73
%
80
%
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative
Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-
grade
% Drawn
(e)
Multifamily
(a)
$
99,555
$
17
$
99,572
82
%
87
%
Other Income Producing Properties
(b)
12,701
150
12,851
70
62
Industrial
15,928
1
15,929
72
71
Office
14,917
25
14,942
74
73
Services and Non Income Producing
13,968
10
13,978
65
48
Retail
10,192
8
10,200
75
68
Lodging
3,347
38
3,385
6
37
Total Real Estate Exposure
$
170,608
$
249
$
170,857
76
%
77
%
(a)
Multifamily exposure is largely in California.
(b)
Other Income Producing Properties consists of clients with diversified property types or other property types outside of categories listed in the table above.
(c)
Real Estate exposure is approximately 82% secured; unsecured exposure is approximately 76% investment-grade.
(d)
Included $33.2 billion of credit exposure associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)
Represents drawn exposure as a percentage of credit exposure.
74
Consumer & Retail
Consumer & Retail exposure was $125.9 billion as of June 30, 2023.
Criticized exposure increased by $162 million from $7.9 billion as of December 31, 2022 to $8.1 billion as of
June 30, 2023
, driven by
client-specific
downgrades predominantly offset by client-specific upgrades and net portfolio activity.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-grade
% Drawn
(d)
Retail
(a)
$
35,745
$
329
$
36,074
53
%
32
%
Business and Consumer Services
33,127
348
33,475
49
41
Food and Beverage
31,747
1,195
32,942
56
40
Consumer Hard Goods
13,927
285
14,212
47
36
Leisure
(b)
9,111
121
9,232
25
44
Total Consumer & Retail
(c)
$
123,657
$
2,278
$
125,935
50
%
38
%
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative
Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-
grade
% Drawn
(d)
Retail
(a)
$
33,891
$
309
$
34,200
50
%
33
%
Business and Consumer Services
31,256
384
31,640
50
40
Food and Beverage
31,706
736
32,442
59
39
Consumer Hard Goods
13,879
172
14,051
51
39
Leisure
(b)
8,173
49
8,222
21
45
Total Consumer & Retail
$
118,905
$
1,650
$
120,555
50
%
38
%
(a)
Retail consists of Home Improvement & Specialty Retailers, Restaurants, Supermarkets, Discount & Drug Stores, Specialty Apparel and Department Stores.
(b)
Leisure consists of Gaming, Arts & Culture, Travel Services and Sports & Recreation. As of June 30, 2023 approximately 88% of the noninvestment-grade Leisure portfolio is secured.
(c)
Consumer & Retail exposure is approximately 57% secured; unsecured exposure is approximately 79% investment-grade.
(d)
Represents drawn exposure as a percent of credit exposure.
Oil & Gas
Oil & Gas exposure was $33.2 billion as of June 30, 2023 of which $496 million was considered criticized exposure.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-grade
% Drawn
(c)
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oil field Services
$
16,592
$
1,186
$
17,778
56
%
29
%
Other Oil & Gas
(a)
15,289
166
15,455
58
28
Total Oil & Gas
(b)
$
31,881
$
1,352
$
33,233
57
%
29
%
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative
Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-
grade
% Drawn
(c)
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oil field Services
$
17,729
$
4,666
$
22,395
50
%
25
%
Other Oil & Gas
(a)
15,818
455
16,273
57
25
Total Oil & Gas
$
33,547
$
5,121
$
38,668
53
%
25
%
(a)
Other Oil & Gas includes Integrated Oil & Gas companies, Midstream/Oil Pipeline companies and refineries.
(b)
Oil & Gas exposure is approximately 40% secured, approximately half of which is reserve-based lending to the Exploration & Production sub-sector; unsecured exposure is approximately 68% investment-grade.
(c)
Represents drawn exposure as a percent of credit exposure.
75
Loans
In its wholesale businesses, the Firm provides loans to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. Refer to Note 12 for a further discussion on loans, including information about delinquencies, loan modifications and other credit quality indicators.
The following table presents the change in the nonaccrual loan portfolio for the
six months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022. Since June 30, 2022, nonaccrual loan exposure increased by $518 million driven by Healthcare, Consumer & Retail, and Real Estate resulting from downgrades, partially offset by Transportation and civic organizations resulting from net portfolio activity.
Wholesale nonaccrual loan activity
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Beginning balance
$
2,395
$
2,445
Additions
1,649
1,239
Reductions:
Paydowns and other
618
776
Gross charge-offs
281
83
Returned to performing status
85
326
Sales
52
9
Total reductions
1,036
1,194
Net changes
613
45
Ending balance
$
3,008
$
2,490
The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, which are defined as gross charge-offs less recoveries, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The amounts in the table below do not include gains or losses from sales of nonaccrual loans recognized in noninterest revenue.
Wholesale net charge-offs/(recoveries)
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Loans
Average loans retained
$
647,474
$
577,850
$
624,566
$
568,673
Gross charge-offs
189
71
294
123
Gross recoveries collected
(24)
(21)
(46)
(43)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
165
50
248
80
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.10
%
0.03
%
0.08
%
0.03
%
Modified wholesale loans
The amortized cost of wholesale FDMs was $673 million and $854 million for the
three and six months ended
June 30, 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.
Wholesale TDRs were $60 million and $479 million for the
three and six months ended
June 30, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 12 for further information on TDRs in prior periods.
76
Maturities and sensitivity to changes in interest rates
The table below sets forth loan maturities by scheduled repayments, by class of loan and the distribution between fixed and floating interest rates based on the stated terms of the loan agreements. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio on
pages 116-126 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
Refer to Note
12
for further information on loan classes.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
1 year or less
(f)
After 1 year through 5 years
After 5 years through 15 years
After 15 years
Total
Wholesale loans:
Secured by real estate
(a)
$
17,025
$
61,188
$
50,001
$
41,680
$
169,894
Commercial and industrial
54,346
114,370
8,863
197
177,776
Other
(b)
184,593
127,299
35,378
5,577
352,847
Total wholesale loans
$
255,964
$
302,857
$
94,242
$
47,454
$
700,517
Loans due after one year at fixed interest rates
Secured by real estate
(c)
$
15,915
$
11,563
$
520
Commercial and industrial
5,775
1,238
66
Other
30,048
15,690
3,808
Loans due after one year at variable interest rates
Secured by real estate
(d)
$
45,273
$
38,438
$
41,160
Commercial and industrial
108,595
7,625
131
Other
(e)
97,251
19,688
1,769
Total wholesale loans
$
302,857
$
94,242
$
47,454
(a)
Included $6.5 billion, $17.0 billion, and $9.9 billion of loans in 1 year or less, after 1 year through 5 years, and after 5 years though 15, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)
Included $12.0 billion, and $3.8 billion of loans in 1 year or less, and after 1 year through 5 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(c)
Included $9.7 billion, and $5.7 billion in after 1 year through 5 years, and after 5 years though 15, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)
Included $7.3 billion, and $4.2 billion in after 1 year through 5 years, and after 5 years though 15, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)
Included $3.2 billion in after 1 year through 5 years associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)
Includes loans held-for-sale, demand loans and overdrafts.
The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, average retained loans and net charge-off/recovery rate by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three months ended June 30,
Secured by real estate
Commercial
and industrial
Other
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
85
$
2
$
81
$
47
$
(1)
$
1
$
165
$
50
Average retained loans
153,590
120,441
171,684
162,702
322,200
294,707
647,474
577,850
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.22
%
0.01
%
0.19
%
0.12
%
—
%
—
%
0.10
%
0.03
%
Six months ended June 30,
Secured by real estate
Commercial
and industrial
Other
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
90
$
8
$
151
$
54
$
7
$
18
$
248
$
80
Average retained loans
139,822
119,139
171,136
158,222
313,608
291,312
624,566
568,673
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.13
%
0.01
%
0.18
%
0.07
%
—
%
0.01
%
0.08
%
0.03
%
77
Lending-related commitments
The Firm uses lending-related financial instruments, such as commitments (including revolving credit facilities) and guarantees, to address the financing needs of its clients. The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent the maximum possible credit risk should the clients draw down on these commitments or when the Firm fulfills its obligations under these guarantees, and the clients subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of these contracts. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn upon or a default occurring. As a result, the Firm does not believe that the total contractual amount of these wholesale lending-related commitments is representative of the Firm’s expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 24 for further information on wholesale lending-related commitments.
Receivables from customers
Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM that are collateralized by assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts (e.g., cash on deposit, and liquid and readily marketable debt or equity securities). Because of this collateralization, no allowance for credit losses is generally held against these receivables. To manage its credit risk the Firm establishes margin requirements and monitors the required margin levels on an ongoing basis, and requires clients to deposit additional cash or other collateral, or to reduce positions, when appropriate. These receivables are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
Derivative contracts
Derivatives enable clients and counterparties to manage risk including credit risk and risks arising from fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange and equities and commodities prices. The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet these needs and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. The Firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its own credit risk and other market risk exposure. The nature of the counterparty and the settlement mechanism of the derivative affect the credit risk to which the Firm is exposed. For over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives the Firm is exposed to the credit risk of the derivative counterparty. For exchange-traded derivatives (“ETD”), such as futures and options, and cleared over-the-counter (“OTC-cleared”) derivatives, the Firm can also be exposed to the credit risk of the relevant central counterparty clearing house (“CCP”). Where possible, the Firm seeks to mitigate its credit risk exposures arising from derivative contracts through the use of legally enforceable master netting arrangements and collateral agreements.
The percentage of the Firm’s over-the-counter derivative transactions subject to collateral agreements — excluding foreign exchange spot trades, which are not typically covered by collateral agreements due to their short maturity, and centrally cleared trades that are settled daily — was approximately 88% and 87% at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 5 for additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements and for a further discussion of derivative contracts, counterparties and settlement types.
The fair value of derivative receivables reported on the Consolidated balance sheets was $64.2 billion and $70.9 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by market movements in CIB Markets. Derivative receivables represent the fair value of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements and the related cash collateral held by the Firm.
In addition, the Firm held liquid securities and other cash collateral that may be used as security when the fair value of the client’s exposure is in the Firm’s favor. For these purposes, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule.
In management’s view, the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also take into consideration other collateral, which generally represents securities that do not qualify as high quality liquid assets under the LCR rule. The benefits of these additional collateral amounts for each counterparty are subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement and limited to the net amount of the derivative receivables for each counterparty.
The Firm also holds additional collateral (primarily cash, G7 government securities, other liquid government agency and guaranteed securities, and corporate debt and equity securities) delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions, as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the Firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. Although this collateral does not reduce the balances and is not included in the tables below, it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the client’s derivative contracts move in the Firm’s favor. Refer to Note 5 for additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements for derivatives transactions.
78
The following tables summarize the net derivative receivables and the internal ratings profile for the periods presented.
Derivative receivables
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Total, net of cash collateral
$
64,217
$
70,880
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables
(23,282)
(23,014)
Total, net of liquid securities and other cash collateral
$
40,935
$
47,866
Other collateral held against derivative receivables
(1,257)
(1,261)
Total, net of collateral
$
39,678
$
46,605
Ratings profile of derivative receivables
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
Investment-grade
$
31,560
80
%
$
35,097
75
%
Noninvestment-grade
8,118
20
11,508
(a)
25
Total
$
39,678
100
%
$
46,605
100
%
Credit portfolio management activities
The Firm uses credit derivatives for two primary purposes: first, in its capacity as a market-maker, and second, as an end-user, to manage the Firm’s own credit risk associated with traditional lending activities (loans and lending-related commitments) and derivatives counterparty exposure in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. In addition, the Firm obtains credit protection against certain loans in the retained wholesale portfolio through the issuance of credit-related notes. Information on credit portfolio management activities is provided in the table below.
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
Notional amount of protection
purchased and sold
(a)
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage:
Loans and lending-related commitments
$
16,801
$
6,422
Derivative receivables
14,304
11,721
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
$
31,105
$
18,143
(a)
Amounts are presented net, considering the Firm’s net protection purchased or sold with respect to each underlying reference entity or index.
Refer to Credit derivatives in Note 5 of this Form 10-Q and Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on credit derivatives and derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities.
79
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
The allowance for credit losses generally consists of
:
•
the allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated),
•
the allowance for lending-related commitments, which is reflected in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, and
•
the allowance for credit losses on investment securities, which is reflected in investment securities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Discussion of changes in the allowance
The allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2023 was $24.3 billion, reflecting a net addition of $2.7 billion from December 31, 2022.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.5 billion, consisting of:
•
$819 million in
wholesale
, predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
•
$649 million in
consumer
, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The net addition also included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments in the second quarter of 2023.
The Firm has maintained the additional weight placed on the relative adverse scenario in the first quarter of 2023, reflecting an increased probability of a moderate recession due to tightening financial conditions.
The allowance for credit losses also reflected a reduction of $587 million as a result of the adoption of changes to the TDR accounting guidance on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.8% in the third quarter of 2024, and a 1.5% lower U.S. real GDP exiting the fourth quarter of 2024.
The Firm’s central case assumptions reflected U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. real GDP as follows:
Assumptions at June 30, 2023
4Q23
2Q24
4Q24
U.S. unemployment rate
(a)
4.2
%
4.9
%
5.0
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP
(b)
0.5
%
—
%
1.0
%
Assumptions at December 31, 2022
2Q23
4Q23
2Q24
U.S. unemployment rate
(a)
3.8
%
4.3
%
5.0
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP
(b)
1.5
%
0.4
%
—
%
(a)
Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.
(b)
The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.
Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.
Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.
Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 65-69, Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 and Note 12 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.
Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 91-93 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.
80
Allowance for credit losses and related information
2023
2022
Six months ended June 30,
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
2,040
$
11,200
$
6,486
$
19,726
$
1,765
$
10,250
$
4,371
$
16,386
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
(a)
(489)
(100)
2
(587)
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gross charge-offs
501
2,432
294
3,227
384
1,505
123
2,012
Gross recoveries collected
(247)
(386)
(46)
(679)
(311)
(419)
(43)
(773)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
254
2,046
248
2,548
73
1,086
80
1,239
Provision for loan losses
751
2,546
2,067
5,364
237
1,236
1,125
2,598
Other
—
—
25
25
—
5
5
Ending balance at June 30,
$
2,048
$
11,600
$
8,332
$
21,980
$
1,929
$
10,400
$
5,421
$
17,750
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
76
$
—
$
2,306
$
2,382
$
113
$
—
$
2,148
$
2,261
Provision for lending-related commitments
52
—
(253)
(201)
(2)
—
(37)
(39)
Other
1
—
4
5
(1)
—
1
—
Ending balance at June 30,
$
129
$
—
$
2,057
$
2,186
$
110
$
—
$
2,112
$
2,222
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific
(b)
$
(971)
$
—
$
478
$
(493)
$
(676)
$
227
$
332
$
(117)
Portfolio-based
3,019
11,600
7,854
22,473
2,605
10,173
5,089
17,867
Total allowance for loan losses
$
2,048
$
11,600
$
8,332
$
21,980
$
1,929
$
10,400
$
5,421
$
17,750
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
65
$
65
$
—
$
—
$
78
$
78
Portfolio-based
129
—
1,992
2,121
110
—
2,034
2,144
Total allowance for lending-related commitments
$
129
$
—
$
2,057
$
2,186
$
110
$
—
$
2,112
$
2,222
Total allowance for investment securities
NA
NA
NA
$
104
NA
NA
NA
$
47
Total allowance for credit losses
(c)(d)
$
2,177
$
11,600
$
10,389
$
24,270
$
2,039
$
10,400
$
7,533
$
20,019
Memo:
Retained loans, end-of-period
$
396,195
$
191,348
$
668,145
$
1,255,688
$
302,631
$
165,494
$
584,265
$
1,052,390
Retained loans, average
330,227
183,757
624,566
1,138,550
297,566
153,941
568,673
1,020,180
Credit ratios
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
0.52
%
6.06
%
1.25
%
1.75
%
0.64
%
6.28
%
0.93
%
1.69
%
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans
(e)
54
NM
321
345
46
NM
260
283
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
54
NM
321
163
46
NM
260
117
Net charge-off/(recovery) rates
0.16
2.25
0.08
0.45
0.05
1.42
0.03
0.24
(a)
Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the Firm's adoption of changes to the TDR accounting guidance on January 1, 2023. The adoption of this guidance eliminated the existing accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs, including the requirement to measure the allowance using a discounted cash flow ("DCF") methodology. The Firm elected to change from an asset-specific allowance approach to its non-DCF, portfolio-based allowance approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers for all portfolios except collateral-dependent loans and nonaccrual risk-rated loans, for which the asset-specific allowance approach will continue to apply. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
(b)
Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans for all periods presented. Prior periods also include non collateral-dependent TDRs or reasonably expected TDRs and modified purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans.
(c)
At June 30, 2023, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $18 million associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB.
(d)
As of June 30, 2023 included$1.2 billion allowance for credit losses associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)
The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.
81
Allocation of allowance for loan losses
The table below presents a breakdown of the allowance for loan losses by loan class. Refer to Note 12 for further information on loan classes.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Allowance for loan losses
Percent of retained loans to total retained loans
Allowance for loan losses
Percent of retained loans to total retained loans
Residential real estate
$
1,022
26
%
$
1,070
22
%
Auto and other
1,026
5
970
6
Consumer, excluding credit card
2,048
32
2,040
28
Credit card
11,600
15
11,200
17
Total consumer
13,648
47
13,240
45
Secured by real estate
2,548
13
1,782
12
Commercial and industrial
3,837
14
3,507
15
Other
1,947
27
1,197
28
Total wholesale
8,332
53
6,486
55
Total
(a)
$
21,980
100
%
$
19,726
100
%
(a) As of June 30, 2023 included $1.1 billion allowance for loan losses associated with the First Republic acquisition, consisting of $377 million in Residential real estate, $290 million in Secured by real estate, and $404 million in Commercial and industrial.
82
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO RISK MANAGEMENT
Investment portfolio risk is the risk associated with the loss of principal or a reduction in expected returns on investments arising from the investment securities portfolio or from principal investments. The investment securities portfolio is predominantly held by Treasury and CIO in connection with the Firm’s balance sheet and asset-liability management objectives. Principal investments are predominantly privately-held financial instruments and are managed in the LOBs and Corporate. Investments are typically intended to be held over extended periods and, accordingly, the Firm has no expectation for short-term realized gains with respect to these investments.
Investment securities risk
Investment securities risk includes the exposure associated with a default in the payment of principal and interest. This risk is mitigated given that the investment securities portfolio held by Treasury and CIO predominantly consists of high-quality securities. At June 30, 2023, the Treasury and CIO investment securities portfolio, net of the allowance for credit losses, was $610.2 billion, and the average credit rating of the securities comprising the portfolio was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings). Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 45-46 and Note 10 for further information on the investment securities portfolio and internal risk ratings. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for further information on related liquidity risk. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 84-89 for further information on the market risk inherent in the portfolio.
Principal investment risk
Principal investments are typically privately-held financial instruments representing ownership interests or other forms of junior capital. In general, principal investments include tax-oriented investments and investments made to enhance or accelerate the Firm’s business strategies and exclude those that are consolidated on the Firm's balance sheets. These investments are made by dedicated investing businesses or as part of a broader business strategy. The Firm’s principal investments are managed by the LOBs and Corporate and are reflected within their respective financial results. The Firm’s investments will continue to evolve in line with its strategies, including the Firm’s commitment to support underserved communities and minority-owned businesses.
The table below presents the aggregate carrying values of the principal investment portfolios as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(in billions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Tax-oriented investments, primarily in alternative energy and affordable housing
(a)
$
27.5
$
26.2
Private equity, various debt and equity instruments, and real assets
(b)
11.4
10.8
Total carrying value
$
38.9
$
37.0
(a)
As of June 30, 2023, included approximately $1.2 billion in tax-oriented investments in CIB associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)
Includes the Firm’s 40% ownership in C6 Bank and 49% ownership in Viva Wallet.
Refer to page 130 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s Investment Portfolio Risk Management governance and oversight.
83
MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
Market risk is the risk associated with the effect of changes in market factors such as interest and foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, credit spreads or implied volatilities, on the value of assets and liabilities held for both the short and long term. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 131-138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s Market Risk Management organization, market risk measurement, risk monitoring and control, and predominant business activities that give rise to market risk.
Models used to measure market risk are inherently imprecise and are limited in their ability to measure certain risks or to predict losses. This imprecision may be heightened when sudden or severe shifts in market conditions occur. For additional discussion on model uncertainty refer to Estimations and Model Risk Management on page 148 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Market Risk Management periodically reviews the Firm’s existing market risk measures to identify opportunities for enhancement, and to the extent appropriate, will calibrate those measures accordingly over time.
Value-at-risk
JPMorgan Chase utilizes value-at-risk (“VaR”), a statistical risk measure, to estimate the potential loss from adverse market moves in the current market environment. The Firm has a single VaR framework used as a basis for calculating Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR.
The Firm’s Risk Management VaR is calculated assuming a one-day holding period and an expected tail-loss methodology which approximates a 95% confidence level. For risk management purposes, the Firm believes this methodology provides a daily measure of risk that is closely aligned to risk management decisions made by the LOBs and Corporate and, along with other market risk measures, provides the appropriate information needed to respond to risk events. The Firm calculates separately a daily aggregated VaR in accordance with regulatory rules (“Regulatory VaR”), which is used to derive the Firm’s regulatory VaR-based capital requirements under Basel III.
The Firm’s VaR model calculations are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s portfolios, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s modeling techniques and measurements, and other factors. Such changes may affect historical comparisons of VaR results. Refer to Estimations and Model Risk Management on page 148 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information regarding model reviews and approvals.
Refer to page 133 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information regarding VaR, including the inherent limitations, and the key differences between Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR. Refer to JPMorgan Chase’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website,
f
or additional information on Regulatory VaR and the other components of market risk regulatory capital for the Firm (e.g., VaR-based measure, stressed VaR-based measure and the respective backtesting)
. Refer to Other risk measures on pages 136-138 of
JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K
for further information regarding nonstatistical market risk measures used by the Firm.
84
The table below shows the results of the Firm’s Risk Management VaR measure using a 95% confidence level. VaR can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates, and diversification benefits change.
Total VaR
Three months ended
June 30, 2023
March 31, 2023
June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Avg.
Min
Max
Avg.
Min
Max
Avg.
Min
Max
CIB trading VaR by risk type
Fixed income
$
57
$
50
$
66
$
56
$
45
$
71
$
60
$
48
$
79
Foreign exchange
12
7
24
10
6
17
8
4
13
Equities
8
5
11
7
5
10
11
7
15
Commodities and other
12
8
17
15
11
19
14
12
17
Diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR
(a)
(48)
NM
NM
(44)
NM
NM
(43)
NM
NM
CIB trading VaR
41
31
50
44
34
55
50
38
66
Credit Portfolio VaR
(b)
14
11
18
11
8
17
17
6
31
(e)
Diversification benefit to CIB VaR
(a)
(11)
NM
NM
(10)
NM
NM
(15)
NM
NM
CIB VaR
44
34
55
45
35
58
52
38
70
CCB VaR
9
(d)
6
14
11
6
15
5
(d)
4
6
Corporate and other LOB VaR
(c)
13
11
15
15
13
17
10
9
11
Diversification benefit to other VaR
(a)
(7)
NM
NM
(8)
NM
NM
(3)
NM
NM
Other VaR
15
13
19
18
14
22
12
10
14
Diversification benefit to CIB and other VaR
(a)
(12)
NM
NM
(16)
NM
NM
(10)
NM
NM
Total VaR
$
47
$
36
$
56
$
47
$
37
$
57
$
54
$
41
$
71
(a)
Divers
ification benefit represents the difference between the portfolio VaR and the sum of its individual components. This reflects the non-additive nature of VaR due to imperfect correlation across LOBs, Corporate, and risk types. For maximum and minimum VaR, diversification benefit is not meaningful as the maximum and minimum VaR for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the components.
(b)
Credit portfolio VaR includes the derivative CVA, hedges of the CVA and hedges of the retained loan portfolio, which are reported in principal transactions revenue. This VaR does not include the retained loan portfolio, which is not reported at fair value. In the first quarter of 2022, in line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(c)
Corporate and other LOB VaR includes a legacy private equity position in Corporate which is publicly traded.
(d)
The increase in CCB VaR is driven by interest rate volatility impacting Home Lending warehouse loans, MSR, and related hedges.
(e)
For the period ended June 30, 2022, maximum Credit Portfolio VaR remained elevated due to the effects of nickel price increases and the associated volatility in the nickel market which occurred during the first quarter of 2022.
Quarter over quarter results
Average total VaR was flat for the three months ended June 30, 2023, when compared with March 31, 2023, reflecting increases in fixed income offset by market volatility relating to commodities rolling out of the one-year historical look-back period.
Year over year results
Average total VaR decreased by $7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the same period in the prior year predominantly driven by risk reductions impacting Credit Portfolio VaR as well as fixed income.
The following graph presents daily Risk Management VaR for the five trailing quarters.
Daily Risk Management VaR
Second Quarter
2022
Third Quarter
2022
Fourth Quarter
2022
First Quarter
2023
Second Quarter
2023
85
VaR backtesting
The Firm performs daily VaR model backtesting, which compares the daily Risk Management VaR results with the daily gains and losses that are utilized for VaR backtesting purposes. The gains and losses depicted in the chart below do not reflect the Firm’s reported revenue as they exclude certain components of total net revenue, such as those associated with the execution of new transactions (i.e., intraday client-driven trading and intraday risk management activities), fees, commissions, other valuation adjustments and net interest income. These excluded components of total net revenue may more than offset the backtesting gain or loss on a particular day. The definition of backtesting gains and losses above is consistent with the requirements for backtesting under Basel III capital rules.
A backtesting exception occurs when the daily backtesting loss exceeds the daily Risk Management VaR for the prior day. Under the Firm’s Risk Management VaR methodology, assuming current changes in market values are consistent with the historical changes used in the simulation, the Firm would expect to incur VaR backtesting exceptions five times every 100 trading days on average. The number of VaR backtesting exceptions observed can differ from the statistically expected number of backtesting exceptions if the current level of market volatility is materially different from the level of market volatility during the 12 months of historical data used in the VaR calculation.
For the 12 months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 134 of the 259 days, and observed 15 VaR backtesting exceptions. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 34 of the 65 days, and observed two VaR backtesting exceptions.
The following chart presents the distribution of Firmwide daily backtesting gains and losses for the trailing 12 months and three months ended June 30, 2023. The daily backtesting losses are displayed as a percentage of the corresponding daily Risk Management VaR. The count of days with backtesting losses are shown in aggregate, in fifty percentage point intervals. Backtesting exceptions are displayed within the intervals that are greater than one hundred percent. The results in the chart below differ from the results of backtesting disclosed in the Market Risk section of the Firm’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are based on Regulatory VaR applied to the Firm’s covered positions.
Distribution of Daily Backtesting Gains and Losses
86
Structural interest rate risk management
The effect of interest rate exposure on the Firm’s reported net income is important as interest rate risk represents one of the Firm’s significant market risks. Interest rate risk arises not only from trading activities but also from the Firm’s traditional banking activities, which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits, issuing debt and the investment securities portfolio.
One way that the Firm evaluates its structural interest rate risk is through earnings-at-risk. Earnings-at-risk estimates the Firm’s interest rate exposure for a given interest rate scenario. It is presented as a sensitivity to a baseline, which includes net interest income and certain interest rate sensitive fees. The baseline uses market interest rates and in the case of deposits, pricing assumptions. The Firm conducts simulations of changes to this baseline for interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars and other currencies (“non-U.S. dollar” currencies). These simulations primarily include retained loans, deposits, deposits with banks, investment securities, long-term debt and any related interest rate hedges, and funds transfer pricing of other positions in risk management VaR and other sensitivity-based measures as described on page 132 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Earnings-at-risk scenarios estimate the potential change to a net interest income baseline, over the following 12 months utilizing multiple assumptions. These scenarios include a parallel shift involving changes to both short-term and long-term rates by an equal amount; a steeper yield curve involving holding short-term rates constant and increasing long-term rates; and a flatter yield curve involving increasing short-term rates and holding long-term rates constant or holding short-term rates constant and decreasing long-term rates. These scenarios consider many different factors, including:
•
The impact on exposures as a result of instantaneous changes in interest rates from baseline rates.
•
Forecasted balance sheet, as well as modeled prepayment and reinvestment behavior, but excluding assumptions about actions that could be taken by the Firm or its clients and customers in response to instantaneous rate changes. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on the interest rates used in the scenarios compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience. Deposit forecasts are a key assumption in the Firm's earnings-at-risk. The baseline reflects certain assumptions relating to the reversal of Quantitative Easing that are highly uncertain and require management judgment. Therefore, the actual amount of deposits held by the Firm, at any particular time, could be impacted by actions the Federal Reserve may take as part of monetary policy, including through the use of the Reverse Repurchase Facility. In addition, there are other factors that impact the amount of deposits held at the Firm such
as the level of loans across the industry and competition for deposits.
•
The pricing sensitivity of deposits, known as deposit betas, represent the amount by which deposit rates paid could change upon a given change in market interest rates.
As part of the Firm's continuous evaluation and periodic enhancements to its earnings-at-risk calculations, the Firm updated its model in the second quarter of 2023 to incorporate deposit repricing lags impacting both consumer and wholesale deposits. The model change incorporated observed pricing and customer behavior in both rising and falling interest rate environments. Actual deposit rates paid may differ from the modeled assumptions,
primarily due to customer behavior and competition for deposits.
The Firm’s earnings-at-risk scenarios are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s balance sheet, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s simulation and other factors. While a relevant measure of the Firm’s interest rate exposure, the earnings-at-risk analysis does not represent a forecast of the Firm’s net interest income. Refer to Outlook on
page 8
for additional information.
The Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below.
(in billions)
June 30, 2023
(a)
December 31, 2022
Parallel shift:
+100 bps shift in rates
$
2.5
$
(2.0)
-100 bps shift in rates
(2.2)
2.4
Steeper yield curve:
+100 bps shift in long-term rates
0.6
0.8
-100 bps shift in short-term rates
(1.6)
3.2
Flatter yield curve:
+100 bps shift in short-term rates
1.8
(2.8)
-100 bps shift in long-term rates
(0.6)
(0.9)
(a)
Reflects the impact of the aforementioned model update to incorporate deposit repricing lags. Prior periods have not been revised.
In the absence of the model update to incorporate deposit repricing lags in the second quarter of 2023, the Firm's U.S. dollar sensitivities as of June 30, 2023, would have been lower by $4.2 billion to the +100 basis points shift in short-term and parallel rate scenarios and higher by $4.4 billion to the -100 basis points shift in short-term and parallel rate scenarios.
In addition, the change in the Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities as of June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 reflected the impact of changes in the Firm’s balance sheet including the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm’s sensitivity to the +/-100 basis points parallel shift in rates is primarily the result of a greater impact from assets repricing compared to the impact of liabilities repricing.
87
The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate products associated with the First Republic acquisition to align with the Firm’s business and operations. The Firm also continues to evaluate to which segments certain products associated with the First Republic acquisition, including deposits, should be allocated. Accordingly, earnings-at-risk results may be impacted in future periods.
The Firm’s non-U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below.
(in billions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Parallel shift:
+100 bps shift in rates
$
0.8
$
0.7
-100 bps shift in rates
(0.8)
(0.6)
Steeper yield curve:
-100 bps shift in short-term rates
(0.7)
(0.6)
Flatter yield curve:
+100 bps shift in short-term rates
0.8
0.6
The results of the non-U.S. dollar interest rate scenario involving a steeper/flatter yield curve with long-term rates increasing/decreasing by 100 basis points and short-term rates staying at current levels were not material to the Firm’s earnings-at-risk at
June 30, 2023
and
December 31, 2022
.
In addition to earnings-at-risk, the Firm also measures Economic Value Sensitivity (EVS). EVS stress tests the longer-term economic value of equity by measuring the sensitivity of the Firm’s current balance sheet, primarily retained loans, deposits, debt and investment securities as well as related hedges, under various interest rate scenarios. In accordance with the CTC structural interest rate risk policy, the Firm has established limits on EVS as a percentage of TCE.
Refer to Other Risk Measures on pages 136–138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
88
Other sensitivity-based measures
The Firm quantifies the market risk of certain debt and equity and credit and funding-related exposures by assessing the potential impact on net revenue, other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and noninterest expense due to changes in relevant market variables. Refer to the predominant business activities that give rise to market risk on page 138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the positions captured in other sensitivity-based measures.
The table below represents the potential impact to net revenue, OCI or noninterest expense for market risk-sensitive instruments that are not included in VaR or earnings-at-risk. Where appropriate, instruments used for hedging purposes are reported net of the positions being hedged. The sensitivities disclosed in the table below may not be representative of the actual gain or loss that would have been realized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as the movement in market parameters across maturities may vary and are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future changes in these sensitivities.
Gain/(loss)
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Activity
Description
Sensitivity measure
Debt and equity
(a)
Asset Management activities
Consists of seed capital and related hedges; fund co-investments
(c)
; and certain deferred compensation and related hedges
(d)
10% decline in market value
$
(58)
$
(56)
Other debt and equity
Consists of certain real estate-related fair value option elected loans, privately held equity and other investments held at fair value
(c)
10% decline in market value
(1,016)
(1,046)
Credit- and funding-related exposures
Non-USD LTD cross-currency basis
Represents the basis risk on derivatives used to hedge the foreign exchange risk on the non-USD LTD
(e)
1 basis point parallel tightening of cross currency basis
(11)
(12)
Non-USD LTD hedges foreign currency (“FX”) exposure
Primarily represents the foreign exchange revaluation on the fair value of the derivative hedges
(e)
10% depreciation of currency
4
3
Derivatives – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to derivatives FVA
(c)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
(4)
(4)
CVA - counterparty credit risk
(b)
Credit risk component of CVA and associated hedges
10% credit spread widening
—
(1)
Fair value option elected liabilities – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to fair value option elected liabilities DVA
(e)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
45
43
Fair value option elected liabilities – interest rate sensitivity
Interest rate sensitivity on fair value option elected liabilities resulting from a change in the Firm’s own credit spread
(e)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
—
—
Interest rate sensitivity related to risk management of changes in the Firm’s own credit spread on the fair value option elected liabilities noted above
(c)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
—
—
(a)
Excludes equity securities without readily determinable fair values that are measured under the measurement alternative. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2022, in line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(c)
Impact recognized through net revenue.
(d)
Impact recognized through noninterest expense.
(e)
Impact recognized through OCI.
89
COUNTRY RISK MANAGEMENT
The Firm, through its LOBs and Corporate, may be exposed to country risk resulting from financial, economic, political or other significant developments which adversely affect the value of the Firm’s exposures related to a particular country or set of countries. The Country Risk Management group actively monitors the various portfolios which may be impacted by these developments and measures the extent to which the Firm’s exposures are diversified given the Firm’s strategy and risk tolerance relative to a country.
Refer to pages 139-140 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s country risk management.
Risk Reporting
The following table presents the Firm’s top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of June 30, 2023 and their comparative exposures as of December 31, 2022. The selection of countries represents the Firm’s largest total exposures by individual country, based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, and does not represent the Firm’s view of any existing or potentially adverse credit conditions. Country exposures may fluctuate from period to period due to client activity and market flows.
The increases in exposures to Germany and the United Kingdom were primarily driven by increases in cash placed with the central banks of those countries, due to client-driven activities, including as a result of changes in interest rates.
The decrease in exposure to Australia was driven by a reduction in cash placed with the central bank of Australia due to client-driven activities resulting from changes in interest rates.
The Firm continues to monitor potential impacts to the Firm associated with the war in Ukraine. As of June 30, 2023, exposure to Russia was approximately $430 million. This amount excludes certain deposits placed on behalf of clients at the Depository Insurance Agency of Russia.
Top 20 country exposures (excluding the U.S.)
(a)
(in billions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(f)
Deposits with banks
(b)
Lending
(c)
Trading and investing
(d)
Other
(e)
Total exposure
Total exposure
Germany
$
94.0
$
12.5
$
5.5
$
0.3
$
112.3
$
93.2
United Kingdom
44.1
25.6
17.4
1.9
89.0
70.1
Japan
32.7
2.7
7.7
0.3
43.4
55.8
Brazil
1.9
4.6
11.2
—
17.7
17.8
Canada
2.4
10.7
3.0
0.2
16.3
14.4
Australia
5.0
6.3
3.0
—
14.3
25.7
Switzerland
7.6
3.3
1.4
1.7
14.0
15.3
France
0.4
10.7
0.1
1.4
12.6
18.1
China
3.3
5.0
4.1
—
12.4
13.7
Belgium
6.7
1.7
1.4
—
9.8
9.2
Singapore
1.8
3.9
3.6
0.2
9.5
9.9
India
1.2
3.6
3.9
0.6
9.3
9.0
South Korea
1.0
3.8
3.5
0.2
8.5
10.0
Netherlands
0.1
6.4
0.6
0.2
7.3
7.1
Mexico
1.0
4.3
2.0
—
7.3
5.4
Saudi Arabia
0.8
4.0
1.8
—
6.6
7.9
Spain
0.4
5.1
0.9
—
6.4
5.8
Hong Kong SAR
2.3
1.4
0.8
0.4
4.9
4.5
Luxembourg
0.8
2.6
1.3
—
4.7
5.3
Sweden
1.2
3.4
(0.1)
—
4.5
4.4
(a)
Country exposures presented in the table reflect 88% of total Firmwide non-U.S. exposure, where exposure is attributed to an individual country based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, as of both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(b)
Predominantly represents cash placed with central banks.
(c)
Includes loans and accrued interest receivable, lending-related commitments (net of eligible collateral and the allowance for credit losses). Excludes intra-day and operating exposures, such as those from settlement and clearing activities.
(d)
Includes market-making inventory, investment securities, and counterparty exposure on derivative and securities financings net of eligible collateral and hedging. Includes exposure from single reference entity (“single-name”), index and other multiple reference entity transactions for which one or more of the underlying reference entities is in a country listed in the above table.
(e)
Includes physical commodities inventory and clearing house guarantee funds.
(f)
The country rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2022, are based on the country rankings of the corresponding exposures at
June 30, 2023
, not actual rankings of such exposures as of December 31, 2022.
90
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM
JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the appropriate carrying value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that estimation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. The methods used and judgments made reflect, among other factors, the nature of the assets or liabilities and the related business and risk management strategies, which may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the carrying value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant judgments.
Allowance for credit losses
The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm’s financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses generally consists of:
•
The allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated).
•
The allowance for lending-related commitments, which is reflected in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, and
•
The allowance for credit losses on investment securities, which is reflected in investment securities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The allowance for credit losses involves significant judgment on a number of matters including development and weighting of macroeconomic forecasts, incorporation of historical loss experience, assessment of risk characteristics, assignment of risk ratings, valuation of collateral, and the determination of remaining expected life. Refer to Note 10 and Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on these judgments as well as the Firm’s policies and methodologies used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses; and refer to Allowance for credit losses on pages 80-82 and Note 13 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
One of the most significant judgments involved in estimating the Firm’s allowance for credit losses relates to the macroeconomic forecasts used to estimate credit losses over the eight-quarter forecast period within the Firm’s methodology. The eight-quarter forecast incorporates hundreds of macroeconomic variables ("MEVs") that are relevant for exposures across the Firm, with modeled credit losses being driven primarily by a subset of less than twenty
variables. The specific variables that have the greatest effect on the modeled losses of each portfolio vary by portfolio and geography.
•
Key MEVs for the consumer portfolio include regional U.S. unemployment and HPI.
•
Key MEVs for the wholesale portfolio include U.S. unemployment, U.S. real GDP, U.S. equity prices, U.S. interest rates, corporate credit spreads, oil prices, commercial real estate prices and HPI.
Changes in the Firm’s assumptions and forecasts of economic conditions could significantly affect its estimate of expected credit losses in the portfolio at the balance sheet date or lead to significant changes in the estimate from one reporting period to the next.
As a result of the First Republic acquisition, the Firm recorded an allowance for credit losses for the loans acquired and lending-related commitments assumed as of May 1, 2023. Given the differences in risk rating methodologies for the First Republic Portfolio, and the ongoing integration of products and systems, the allowance for credit losses for the acquired wholesale portfolio was measured based on other facilities underwritten by the Firm with similar risk characteristics and not based on modeled estimates. As such, the First Republic wholesale portfolio is excluded from the modeled estimates sensitivity analysis below. The allowance for credit losses for predominantly all of the consumer portfolio was measured using the Firm’s modeled approach, as the consumer portfolio is predominantly residential real estate that has more commonly defined risk characteristics including loan to value ratio and credit score, and therefore is reflected in the sensitivity analysis below. Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in any one factor or input might affect the overall allowance for credit losses because management considers a wide variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in the factors and inputs considered may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors and inputs may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor or input may offset deterioration in others.
To consider the impact of a hypothetical alternate macroeconomic forecast, the Firm compared the modeled credit losses determined using its central and relative adverse macroeconomic scenarios, which are two of the five scenarios considered in estimating the allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments. The central and relative adverse scenarios each included a full suite of MEVs, but differed in the levels, paths and peaks/troughs of those variables over the eight-quarter forecast period.
For example, compared to the Firm’s central scenario shown on page
80
and in Note 13, the Firm’s relative adverse scen
91
ario assumes an elevated U.S. unemployment rate, averaging approximately 1.6% higher
over the eight-quarter forecast, with a peak difference of
2.2% in the first quarter of 2024; lower
U.S. real GDP with a slower recovery, remaining approximately 3.1% lower at the end of the eight-quarter forecast, with a peak difference of approximately 3.4% in the third quarter of 2024; and lower national HPI with a peak difference of approximately 10.5% in the first quarter of 2025.
This analysis is not intended to estimate expected future changes in the allowance for credit losses, for a number of reasons, including:
•
The allowance as of June 30, 2023, reflects credit losses beyond those estimated under the central scenario due to the weight placed on the adverse scenarios.
•
The impacts of changes in many MEVs are both interrelated and nonlinear, so the results of this analysis cannot be simply extrapolated for more severe changes in macroeconomic variables.
•
Expectations of future changes in portfolio composition and borrower behavior can significantly affect the allowance for credit losses.
To demonstrate the sensitivity of credit loss estimates to macroeconomic forecasts as of June 30, 2023, the Firm compared the modeled estimates under its relative adverse scenario to its central scenario. Without considering offsetting or correlated effects in other qualitative components of the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, the comparison between these two scenarios for the exposures below reflect the following differences:
•
An increase of approximately $750 million for residential real estate loans and lending-related commitments, including the First Republic portfolios
•
An increase of approximately $2.4 billion for credit card loans
▪
An increase of approximately $3.8 billion for wholesale loans and lending-related commitments, excluding the First Republic portfolios.
This analysis relates only to the modeled credit loss estimates and is not intended to estimate changes in the overall allowance for credit losses as it does not reflect any potential changes in other adjustments to the quantitative calculation, which would also be influenced by the judgment management applies to the modeled lifetime loss estimates to reflect the uncertainty and imprecision of these modeled lifetime loss estimates based on then-current circumstances and conditions.
Recognizing that forecasts of macroeconomic conditions are inherently uncertain, particularly in light of the recent economic conditions, the Firm believes that its process to consider the available information and associated risks and uncertainties is appropriately governed and that its estimates of expected credit losses were reasonable and appropriate for the period ended June 30, 2023.
Fair value
JPMorgan Chase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. The majority of such assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including derivatives, structured note products and certain securities financing agreements. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including certain mortgage, home equity and other loans, where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
Assets measured at fair value
The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 2 for further information.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Total assets at fair value
Total level 3 assets
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
322,579
$
—
Securities borrowed
55,905
—
Trading assets:
Trading–debt and equity instruments
572,739
3,313
Derivative receivables
(a)
64,217
10,749
Total trading assets
636,956
14,062
AFS securities
203,262
267
Loans
38,789
3,808
MSRs
8,229
8,229
Other
13,250
417
Total assets measured
at fair value on a recurring basis
1,278,970
26,783
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
1,936
1,126
Total assets measured
at fair value
$
1,280,906
$
27,909
Total Firm assets
$
3,868,240
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets
(a)
0.7
%
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value
(a)
2.2
%
(a)
For purposes of the table above, the derivative receivables total reflects the impact of netting adjustments; however, the $10.7 billion of derivative receivables classified as level 3 does not reflect the netting adjustment as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
92
Valuation
Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available to the Firm. For instruments valued using internally developed valuation models and other valuation techniques that use significant unobservable inputs and are therefore classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value are more significant than those required when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within levels 1 and 2.
In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate valuation model or other valuation technique to use. Second, the lack of observability of certain significant inputs requires management to assess relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs including, for example, transaction details, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment speeds, default rates, volatilities, correlations, prices (such as commodity, equity or debt prices), valuations of comparable instruments, foreign exchange rates and credit curves. Refer to Note 2 for a further discussion of the valuation of level 3 instruments, including unobservable inputs used.
For instruments classified in levels 2 and 3, management judgment must be applied to assess the appropriate level of valuation adjustments to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Firm’s creditworthiness, market funding rates, liquidity considerations, unobservable parameters, and for portfolios that meet specified criteria, the size of the net open risk position. The judgments made are typically affected by the type of product and its specific contractual terms, and the level of liquidity for the product or within the market as a whole. In periods of heightened market volatility and uncertainty judgments are further affected by the wider variation of reasonable valuation estimates, particularly for positions that are less liquid. Refer to Note 2 for a further discussion of valuation adjustments applied by the Firm.
Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs or other factors can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the methods and assumptions used reflect management judgment and may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios.
The Firm uses various methodologies and assumptions in the determination of fair value. The use of methodologies or assumptions different than those used by the Firm could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Refer to Note 2 for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s valuation process and hierarchy, and its determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.
Credit card rewards liability
The credit card rewards liability was $12.2 billion and $11.3 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. The increase in the liability was predominantly driven by continued growth in rewards points earned on higher spend and promotional offers outpacing redemptions throughout 2023, and, to a lesser extent, adjustments to certain reward program terms in the second quarter. Refer to pages 151-152 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant assumptions and sensitivities, associated with the Firm’s credit card rewards liability.
Income taxes
Refer to Income taxes on page 152 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant assumptions, judgments and interpretations associated with the accounting for income taxes.
Goodwill impairment
Management applies significant judgment when testing goodwill for impairment. Refer to Goodwill impairment on page 151 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant valuation judgments associated with goodwill impairment.
Refer to Note 15 for additional information on goodwill, including the goodwill impairment assessment as of June 30, 2023.
Litigation reserves
Refer to Note 26 of this Form 10-Q, and Note
30
of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing litigation reserves.
93
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Standards Adopted since January 1, 2021
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Reference Rate
Reform
Issued March
2020 and updated January 2021 and
December 2022
•
Provides optional expedients and exceptions to current accounting guidance when financial instruments, hedge accounting relationships, and other transactions are amended due to reference rate reform.
•
Issued and effective March 12, 2020. The January 7, 2021 and December 21, 2022 updates were effective when issued.
•
Refer to Accounting and Reporting Developments on page 153 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
FASB Standards Adopted since January 1, 2023
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method
Issued March 2022
•
Expands the current ability to hedge a portfolio of prepayable assets to allow more of the portfolio to be hedged. Non-prepayable assets can also be included in the same portfolio, thus increasing the size of the portfolio and the amount available to be hedged.
•
Clarifies the types of derivatives that can be used as hedges, and the balance sheet presentation and disclosure requirements for the hedge accounting adjustments.
•
Allows a one-time reclassification from HTM to AFS upon adoption.
•
Adopted prospectively on January 1, 2023.
•
Refer to Note 1 for further information.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
Issued March 2022
•
Eliminates existing accounting and disclosure requirements for Troubled Debt Restructurings, including the requirement to measure the allowance using a discounted cash flow methodology.
•
Requires disclosure of loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty involving principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications.
•
Requires disclosure of current period loan charge-off information by
origination year.
•
May be adopted prospectively, or by using a modified retrospective method wherein the effect of adoption is reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings at the effective date.
•
Adopted under the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2023.
•
Refer to Note 1 for further information.
FASB Standards Issued but not yet Adopted
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method
Issued March 2023
•
Expands the ability to elect proportional amortization for more types of tax-oriented investments (beyond low income housing tax credit investments) on a program-by-program basis.
•
May be adopted using a full retrospective method, or a modified retrospective method wherein the effect of adoption is reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings at the effective date.
•
Required effective date: January 1, 2024.
(a)
•
The Firm is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(a) Early adoption is permitted.
94
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to investors, analysts, representatives of the media and others.
All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:
•
Local, regional and global business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events, including the war in Ukraine;
•
Changes in laws, rules and regulatory requirements, including capital and liquidity requirements affecting the Firm’s businesses, and the ability of the Firm to address those requirements;
•
Heightened regulatory and governmental oversight and scrutiny of JPMorgan Chase’s business practices, including dealings with retail customers;
•
Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;
•
Changes in the level of inflation;
•
Changes in income tax laws, rules and regulations;
•
Changes in FDIC assessments;
•
Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;
•
Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;
•
Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its capital and liquidity;
•
Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;
•
Damage to the Firm’s reputation;
•
Ability of the Firm to appropriately address social, environmental and sustainability concerns that may arise, including from its business activities;
•
Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption, including, but not limited to, in the interest rate environment;
•
Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;
•
The effectiveness of the Firm’s control agenda;
•
Ability of the Firm to develop or discontinue products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Firm require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;
•
Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to innovate and to increase market share;
•
Ability of the Firm to attract and retain qualified and diverse employees;
•
Ability of the Firm to control expenses;
•
Competitive pressures;
•
Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s clients, customers and counterparties;
•
Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;
•
Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;
•
Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;
•
Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities, including health emergencies, the spread of infectious diseases, epidemics or pandemics, an outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other geopolitical instabilities, the effects of climate change or extraordinary events beyond the Firm's control, and the Firm’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;
•
Ability of the Firm to maintain the security of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operational systems and facilities;
•
Ability of the Firm to withstand disruptions that may be caused by any failure of its operational systems or those of third parties;
•
Ability of the Firm to effectively defend itself against cyberattacks and other attempts by unauthorized parties to access information of the Firm or its customers or to disrupt the Firm’s systems; and
•
The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors in JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.
95
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of income (unaudited)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Revenue
Investment banking fees
$
1,513
$
1,586
$
3,162
$
3,594
Principal transactions
6,910
4,990
14,525
10,095
Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,828
1,873
3,448
3,712
Asset management fees
3,774
3,517
7,239
7,169
Commissions and other fees
1,739
1,723
3,434
3,433
Investment securities losses
(
900
)
(
153
)
(
1,768
)
(
547
)
Mortgage fees and related income
278
378
499
838
Card income
1,094
1,133
2,328
2,108
Other income
3,292
540
4,299
2,030
Noninterest revenue
19,528
15,587
37,166
32,432
Interest income
41,644
18,646
78,648
34,142
Interest expense
19,865
3,518
36,158
5,142
Net interest income
21,779
15,128
42,490
29,000
Total net revenue
41,307
30,715
79,656
61,432
Provision for credit losses
2,899
1,101
5,174
2,564
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
11,216
10,301
22,892
21,088
Occupancy expense
1,070
1,129
2,185
2,263
Technology, communications and equipment expense
2,267
2,376
4,451
4,736
Professional and outside services
2,561
2,469
5,009
5,041
Marketing
1,122
881
2,167
1,801
Other expense
2,586
1,593
4,225
3,011
Total noninterest expense
20,822
18,749
40,929
37,940
Income before income tax expense
17,586
10,865
33,553
20,928
Income tax expense
3,114
2,216
6,459
3,997
Net income
$
14,472
$
8,649
$
27,094
$
16,931
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
14,011
$
8,195
$
26,204
$
16,039
Net income per common share data
Basic earnings per share
$
4.76
$
2.77
$
8.86
$
5.40
Diluted earnings per share
4.75
2.76
8.85
5.39
Weighted-average basic shares
2,943.8
2,962.2
2,956.1
2,969.6
Weighted-average diluted shares
2,948.3
2,966.3
2,960.5
2,973.7
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
96
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Net income
$
14,472
$
8,649
$
27,094
$
16,931
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
757
(
4,031
)
2,969
(
11,484
)
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
70
(
679
)
267
(
741
)
Fair value hedges
11
51
(
10
)
161
Cash flow hedges
(
497
)
(
1,348
)
301
(
4,139
)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
(
6
)
20
(
61
)
87
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
(
207
)
1,185
(
415
)
1,831
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
128
(
4,802
)
3,051
(
14,285
)
Comprehensive income
$
14,600
$
3,847
$
30,145
$
2,646
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
97
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited)
(in millions, except share data)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
26,064
$
27,697
Deposits with banks
469,059
539,537
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included
$
322,579
and $
311,883
at fair value)
325,628
315,592
Securities borrowed (included
$
55,905
and $
70,041
at fair value)
163,563
185,369
Trading assets (included assets pledged of
$
142,625
and $
93,687
)
636,996
453,799
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of
$
209,876
and $
216,188
; included assets pledged of
$
12,864
and $
9,158
)
203,262
205,857
Held-to-maturity securities
408,941
425,305
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
612,203
631,162
Loans (included
$
38,789
and $
42,079
at fair value)
1,300,069
1,135,647
Allowance for loan losses
(
21,980
)
(
19,726
)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
1,278,089
1,115,921
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
111,561
125,189
Premises and equipment
29,493
27,734
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets
64,238
60,859
Other assets (included
$
14,166
and $
14,921
at fair value and assets pledged of
$
5,844
and $
7,998
)
151,346
182,884
Total assets
(a)
$
3,868,240
$
3,665,743
Liabilities
Deposits (included
$
51,568
and $
28,620
at fair value)
$
2,398,962
$
2,340,179
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included
$
216,604
and $
151,999
at fair value)
266,272
202,613
Short-term borrowings (included
$
17,942
and $
15,792
at fair value)
41,022
44,027
Trading liabilities
178,809
177,976
Accounts payable and other liabilities (included
$
5,101
and $
7,038
at fair value)
286,934
300,141
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included
$
1
and $
5
at fair value)
19,647
12,610
Long-term debt (included
$
78,609
and $
72,281
at fair value)
364,078
295,865
Total liabilities
(a)
3,555,724
3,373,411
Commitments and contingencies (refer to Notes 22, 23 and 24)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($
1
par value; authorized
200,000,000
shares; issued
2,740,375
shares)
27,404
27,404
Common stock ($
1
par value; authorized
9,000,000,000
shares; issued
4,104,933,895
shares)
4,105
4,105
Additional paid-in capital
89,578
89,044
Retained earnings
317,359
296,456
Accumulated other comprehensive losses
(
14,290
)
(
17,341
)
Treasury stock, at cost (
1,198,848,622
and
1,170,676,094
shares)
(
111,640
)
(
107,336
)
Total stockholders’ equity
312,516
292,332
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
3,868,240
$
3,665,743
(a)
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. The assets and liabilities in the table below include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. Refer to Note 14 for a further discussion.
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Assets
Trading assets
$
2,368
$
2,151
Loans
39,125
34,411
All other assets
532
550
Total assets
$
42,025
$
37,112
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
$
19,647
$
12,610
All other liabilities
247
279
Total liabilities
$
19,894
$
12,889
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
98
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Preferred stock
Balance at the beginning of the period
$
27,404
$
32,838
$
27,404
$
34,838
Issuance
—
—
—
—
Redemption
—
—
—
(
2,000
)
Balance at June 30
27,404
32,838
27,404
32,838
Common stock
Balance at the beginning and end of the period
4,105
4,105
4,105
4,105
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at the beginning of the period
89,155
88,260
89,044
88,415
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee share-based compensation awards, and related tax effects
423
354
534
199
Balance at June 30
89,578
88,614
89,578
88,614
Retained earnings
Balance at the beginning of the period
306,208
277,177
296,456
272,268
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles
—
—
449
—
Net income
14,472
8,649
27,094
16,931
Dividends declared:
Preferred stock
(
373
)
(
410
)
(
729
)
(
807
)
Common stock (
$
1.00
and $
1.00
per share and
$
2.00
and $
2.00
per share, respectively)
(
2,948
)
(
2,971
)
(
5,911
)
(
5,947
)
Balance at June 30
317,359
282,445
317,359
282,445
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at the beginning of the period
(
14,418
)
(
9,567
)
(
17,341
)
(
84
)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after-tax
128
(
4,802
)
3,051
(
14,285
)
Balance at June 30
(
14,290
)
(
14,369
)
(
14,290
)
(
14,369
)
Treasury stock, at cost
Balance at the beginning of the period
(
109,372
)
(
106,914
)
(
107,336
)
(
105,415
)
Repurchase
(
2,316
)
(
622
)
(
5,271
)
(
3,122
)
Reissuance
48
46
967
1,047
Balance at June 30
(
111,640
)
(
107,490
)
(
111,640
)
(
107,490
)
Total stockholders’ equity
$
312,516
$
286,143
$
312,516
$
286,143
Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method accounting guidance. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
99
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited)
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
Operating activities
Net income
$
27,094
$
16,931
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Provision for credit losses
5,174
2,564
Depreciation and amortization
2,156
3,609
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense
(
2,238
)
(
2,086
)
Bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition
(
2,712
)
—
Other
3,008
2,172
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale
(
48,270
)
(
102,857
)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale
47,746
116,764
Net change in:
Trading assets
(
178,766
)
(
53,816
)
Securities borrowed
21,835
3,379
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
16,107
(
43,051
)
Other assets
44,599
(
14,930
)
Trading liabilities
(
4,846
)
23,646
Accounts payable and other liabilities
(
24,563
)
70,976
Other operating adjustments
1,300
800
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
(
92,376
)
24,101
Investing activities
Net change in:
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
(
9,816
)
(
60,833
)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
13,762
20,952
Purchases
(
4,141
)
(
27,490
)
Available-for-sale securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
23,470
21,913
Proceeds from sales
69,875
36,217
Purchases
(
52,433
)
(
66,200
)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment
19,526
22,185
Other changes in loans, net
(
33,353
)
(
67,802
)
Net cash used in the First Republic acquisition
(
9,920
)
—
All other investing activities, net
(
11,419
)
(
4,753
)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
5,551
(
125,811
)
Financing activities
Net change in:
Deposits
(
27,782
)
5,841
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
63,590
28,586
Short-term borrowings
(
3,135
)
5,622
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
7,708
552
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
19,357
45,873
Payments of long-term borrowings
(
32,003
)
(
25,991
)
Redemption of preferred stock
—
(
2,000
)
Treasury stock repurchased
(
5,167
)
(
3,162
)
Dividends paid
(
6,651
)
(
6,774
)
All other financing activities, net
(
1,275
)
423
Net cash provided by financing activities
14,642
48,970
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
72
(
18,834
)
Net decrease in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
(
72,111
)
(
71,574
)
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the beginning of the period
567,234
740,834
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the end of the period
$
495,123
$
669,260
Cash interest paid
$
35,250
$
4,457
Cash income taxes paid, net
5,466
3,100
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
100
Refer to the Glossary of Terms and Acronyms on pages 200–205 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 –
Basis of presentation
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with the First Republic acquisition, to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. The Firm also continues to evaluate to which segments certain clients, products and services associated with the First Republic acquisition, including deposits, should be allocated. Accordingly, reporting classifications and allocations may change in future periods including across the Firm's segments. Refer to Note 27 for a further discussion of the Firm’s business segments and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included such that this interim financial information is fairly stated.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorgan Chase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorgan Chase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity.
Refer to Notes 1 and 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation.
Offsetting assets and liabilities
U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities financing balances to be presented on a net basis when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on offsetting assets and liabilities.
Accounting standards adopted January 1, 2023
Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method
The adoption of this guidance expanded the ability to hedge a portfolio of prepayable assets to allow more of the portfolio to be hedged. Non-prepayable assets can also be included in the same portfolio, thus increasing the size of the portfolio and the amount available to be hedged. This guidance also clarified the types of derivatives that can be used as hedges, and the balance sheet presentation and disclosure requirements for the hedge accounting adjustments. As permitted by the guidance, the Firm elected to transfer HTM securities to AFS and designate those securities in a portfolio layer method hedge upon adoption. The adoption impact of the transfer on retained earnings was not material.
Refer to Note 5 and Note 10 for additional information.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
The adoption of this guidance eliminated the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs, including the requirement to measure the allowance using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology, and allowed the option of a non-DCF portfolio-based approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers. If a DCF methodology is still applied for these modified loans, the discount rate must be the post-
101
modification effective interest rate, instead of the pre-modification effective interest rate.
The Firm elected to apply its non-DCF, portfolio-based allowance approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers for all portfolios except modified nonaccrual risk-rated loans which the Firm elected to continue applying a DCF methodology. Refer to Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the portfolio-based allowance approach and the asset-specific allowance approach.
This guidance was adopted under the modified retrospective method which resulted in a net decrease to the allowance for credit losses of $
587
million and an increase to retained earnings of $
446
million, after-tax, predominantly driven by residential real estate and credit card.
The adoption of this guidance eliminated the disclosure requirements for TDRs including the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession. The new guidance requires disclosure for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty consisting of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications. The Firm has defined these types of modifications as financial difficulty modifications ("FDMs"). As a result of the elimination of the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession, the population of loans considered FDMs will differ from those previously considered TDRs. This guidance also requires disclosure of current period gross charge-offs by vintage origination year.
Refer to Note 12 for further information.
102
Note 2 –
Fair value measurement
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy.
103
The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Fair value hierarchy
Derivative
netting
adjustments
(f)
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
322,579
$
—
$
—
$
322,579
Securities borrowed
—
55,905
—
—
55,905
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
(a)
—
88,769
706
—
89,475
Residential – nonagency
—
2,684
5
—
2,689
Commercial – nonagency
—
1,517
6
—
1,523
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
92,970
717
—
93,687
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies
(a)
129,042
9,204
—
—
138,246
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
6,782
6
—
6,788
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
—
2,834
—
—
2,834
Non-U.S. government debt securities
41,423
63,986
199
—
105,608
Corporate debt securities
—
33,106
522
—
33,628
Loans
—
6,984
1,105
—
8,089
Asset-backed securities
—
2,497
14
—
2,511
Total debt instruments
170,465
218,363
2,563
—
391,391
Equity securities
148,222
1,337
631
—
150,190
Physical commodities
(b)
2,442
11,265
6
—
13,713
Other
—
17,332
113
—
17,445
Total debt and equity instruments
(c)
321,129
248,297
3,313
—
572,739
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate
1,988
282,125
4,199
(
260,603
)
27,709
Credit
—
12,535
1,150
(
12,440
)
1,245
Foreign exchange
204
226,130
1,345
(
205,485
)
22,194
Equity
—
57,619
3,773
(
54,068
)
7,324
Commodity
—
17,358
282
(
11,895
)
5,745
Total derivative receivables
2,192
595,767
10,749
(
544,491
)
64,217
Total trading assets
(d)
323,321
844,064
14,062
(
544,491
)
636,956
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
(a)
1
79,767
—
—
79,768
Residential – nonagency
—
3,544
—
—
3,544
Commercial – nonagency
—
2,056
—
—
2,056
Total mortgage-backed securities
1
85,367
—
—
85,368
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
62,688
49
—
—
62,737
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
24,023
—
—
24,023
Non-U.S. government debt securities
13,397
8,643
—
—
22,040
Corporate debt securities
—
121
267
—
388
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
—
5,437
—
—
5,437
Other
(a)
—
3,269
—
—
3,269
Total available-for-sale securities
76,086
126,909
267
—
203,262
Loans
(e)
—
34,981
3,808
—
38,789
Mortgage servicing rights
—
—
8,229
—
8,229
Other assets
(d)
6,146
6,687
417
—
13,250
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
405,553
$
1,391,125
$
26,783
$
(
544,491
)
$
1,278,970
Deposits
$
—
$
49,515
$
2,053
$
—
$
51,568
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
—
216,604
—
—
216,604
Short-term borrowings
—
16,238
1,704
—
17,942
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments
(c)
101,437
30,764
63
—
132,264
Derivative payables:
Interest rate
1,610
270,411
5,321
(
262,185
)
15,157
Credit
—
13,306
461
(
13,201
)
566
Foreign exchange
185
222,444
956
(
209,408
)
14,177
Equity
—
62,016
5,654
(
57,865
)
9,805
Commodity
—
18,650
635
(
12,445
)
6,840
Total derivative payables
1,795
586,827
13,027
(
555,104
)
46,545
Total trading liabilities
103,232
617,591
13,090
(
555,104
)
178,809
Accounts payable and other liabilities
3,486
1,547
68
—
5,101
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
1
—
—
1
Long-term debt
—
53,184
25,425
—
78,609
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
106,718
$
954,680
$
42,340
$
(
555,104
)
$
548,634
104
Fair value hierarchy
Derivative
netting
adjustments
(f)
December 31, 2022 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
311,883
$
—
$
—
$
311,883
Securities borrowed
—
70,041
—
—
70,041
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
(a)
—
68,162
759
—
68,921
Residential – nonagency
—
2,498
5
—
2,503
Commercial – nonagency
—
1,448
7
—
1,455
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
72,108
771
—
72,879
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies
(a)
61,191
8,546
—
—
69,737
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
6,608
7
—
6,615
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
—
2,009
—
—
2,009
Non-U.S. government debt securities
18,213
48,429
155
—
66,797
Corporate debt securities
—
25,626
463
—
26,089
Loans
—
5,744
759
—
6,503
Asset-backed securities
—
2,536
23
—
2,559
Total debt instruments
79,404
171,606
2,178
—
253,188
Equity securities
82,483
2,060
665
—
85,208
Physical commodities
(b)
9,595
16,673
2
—
26,270
Other
—
18,146
64
—
18,210
Total debt and equity instruments
(c)
171,482
208,485
2,909
—
382,876
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate
3,390
292,956
4,069
(
271,996
)
28,419
Credit
—
9,722
607
(
9,239
)
1,090
Foreign exchange
169
240,207
1,203
(
218,214
)
23,365
Equity
—
57,485
4,428
(
52,774
)
9,139
Commodity
—
24,982
375
(
16,490
)
8,867
Total derivative receivables
3,559
625,352
10,682
(
568,713
)
70,880
Total trading assets
(d)
175,041
833,837
13,591
(
568,713
)
453,756
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
(a)
3
71,500
—
—
71,503
Residential – nonagency
—
4,620
—
—
4,620
Commercial – nonagency
—
1,958
—
—
1,958
Total mortgage-backed securities
3
78,078
—
—
78,081
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
92,060
—
—
—
92,060
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
6,786
—
—
6,786
Non-U.S. government debt securities
10,591
9,105
—
—
19,696
Corporate debt securities
—
118
239
—
357
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
—
5,792
—
—
5,792
Other
—
3,085
—
—
3,085
Total available-for-sale securities
102,654
102,964
239
—
205,857
Loans
(e)
—
40,661
1,418
—
42,079
Mortgage servicing rights
—
—
7,973
—
7,973
Other assets
(d)
7,544
6,065
405
—
14,014
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
285,239
$
1,365,451
$
23,626
$
(
568,713
)
$
1,105,603
Deposits
$
—
$
26,458
$
2,162
$
—
$
28,620
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
—
151,999
—
—
151,999
Short-term borrowings
—
14,391
1,401
—
15,792
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments
(c)
98,719
28,032
84
—
126,835
Derivative payables:
Interest rate
2,643
284,280
3,368
(
274,321
)
15,970
Credit
—
9,377
594
(
9,217
)
754
Foreign exchange
160
250,647
714
(
232,665
)
18,856
Equity
—
57,649
4,812
(
53,657
)
8,804
Commodity
—
22,748
521
(
16,512
)
6,757
Total derivative payables
2,803
624,701
10,009
(
586,372
)
51,141
Total trading liabilities
101,522
652,733
10,093
(
586,372
)
177,976
Accounts payable and other liabilities
5,702
1,283
53
—
7,038
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
5
—
—
5
Long-term debt
—
48,189
24,092
—
72,281
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
107,224
$
895,058
$
37,801
$
(
586,372
)
$
453,711
(a)
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, included total U.S. GSE obligations of $
93.5
billion and $
73.8
billion, respectively, which were mortgage-related.
(b)
Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. “Net realizable value” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, net realizable value approximates fair value for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when net realizable value is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. Refer to Note 5 for a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.
105
(c)
Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).
(d)
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $
956
million and $
950
million, respectively. Included in these balances at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were trading assets of $
40
million and $
43
million, respectively, and other assets of $
916
million and $
907
million, respectively.
(e)
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, included $
9.3
billion and $
9.7
billion, respectively, of residential first-lien mortgages, and $
6.8
billion of commercial first-lien mortgages for both periods. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. GSEs and government agencies of $
3.3
billion and $
2.4
billion, respectively.
(f)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
Level 3 valuations
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.
The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and the weighted or arithmetic averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.
In the Firm’s view, the input range, weighted and arithmetic average values do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted average values will therefore vary from period-to-period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.
106
Level 3 inputs
(a)
June 30, 2023
Product/Instrument
Fair value
(in millions)
Principal valuation technique
Unobservable inputs
(g)
Range of input values
Average
(i)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans
(b)
$
1,641
Discounted cash flows
Yield
6
%
40
%
7
%
Prepayment speed
3
%
11
%
8
%
Conditional default rate
0
%
5
%
0
%
Loss severity
0
%
110
%
3
%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans
(c)
2,318
Market comparables
Price
$
0
$
101
$
84
Corporate debt securities
789
Market comparables
Price
$
0
$
242
$
95
Loans
(d)
1,671
Market comparables
Price
$
0
$
108
$
78
Non-U.S. government debt securities
199
Market comparables
Price
$
6
$
106
$
91
Net interest rate derivatives
(
1,105
)
Option pricing
Interest rate volatility
26
bps
674
bps
131
bps
Interest rate spread volatility
37
bps
77
bps
64
bps
Bermudan switch value
0
%
58
%
20
%
Interest rate correlation
(
82
)%
90
%
15
%
IR-FX correlation
(
35
)%
60
%
5
%
(
17
)
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
0
%
15
%
5
%
Net credit derivatives
673
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
35
%
65
%
48
%
Credit spread
0
bps
11,279
bps
342
bps
Recovery rate
10
%
90
%
40
%
16
Market comparables
Price
$
15
$
115
$
83
Net foreign exchange derivatives
461
Option pricing
IR-FX correlation
(
40
)%
60
%
19
%
(
72
)
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
11
%
11
%
Interest rate curve
0
%
30
%
6
%
Net equity derivatives
(
1,881
)
Option pricing
Forward equity price
(h)
84
%
142
%
101
%
Equity volatility
3
%
167
%
32
%
Equity correlation
15
%
100
%
58
%
Equity-FX correlation
(
86
)%
60
%
(
29
)%
Equity-IR correlation
10
%
35
%
21
%
Net commodity derivatives
(
353
)
Option pricing
Oil commodity forward
$
95
/ BBL
$
249
/ BBL
$
172
/ BBL
Natural gas commodity forward
$
1
/ MMBTU
$
7
/ MMBTU
$
4
/ MMBTU
Commodity volatility
5
%
175
%
90
%
Commodity correlation
(
28
)%
80
%
26
%
MSRs
8,229
Discounted cash flows
Refer to Note 15
Long-term debt, short-term borrowings, and deposits
(e)
27,806
Option pricing
Interest rate volatility
26
bps
674
bps
131
bps
Bermudan switch value
0
%
58
%
20
%
Interest rate correlation
(
82
)%
90
%
15
%
IR-FX correlation
(
35
)%
60
%
5
%
Equity correlation
15
%
100
%
58
%
Equity-FX correlation
(
86
)%
60
%
(
29
)%
Equity-IR correlation
10
%
35
%
21
%
1,376
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
35
%
65
%
48
%
Other level 3 assets and liabilities, net
(f)
1,056
(a)
The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets. Furthermore, the inputs presented for each valuation technique in the table are, in some cases, not applicable to every instrument valued using the technique as the characteristics of the instruments can differ.
(b)
Comprises U.S. GSE and government agency securities of $
706
million, nonagency securities of $
5
million and non-trading loans of $
930
million.
(c)
Comprises nonagency securities of $
6
million, trading loans of $
72
million and non-trading loans of $
2.2
billion.
(d)
Comprises trading loans of $
1.0
billion and non-trading loans of $
638
million.
(e)
Long-term debt, short-term borrowings and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are financial instruments that typically contain embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes includes the derivative features embedded within the instrument. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.
(f)
Includes equity securities of $
843
million including $
213
million in Other assets, for which quoted prices are not readily available and the fair value is generally based on internal valuation techniques such as EBITDA multiples and comparable analysis. All other level 3 assets and liabilities are insignificant both individually and in aggregate.
(g)
Price is a significant unobservable input for certain instruments. When quoted market prices are not readily available, reliance is generally placed on price-based internal valuation techniques. The price input is expressed assuming a par value of $
100
.
(h)
Forward equity price is expressed as a percentage of the current equity price.
(i)
Amounts represent weighted averages except for derivative related inputs where arithmetic averages are used.
107
Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions.
Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements
The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. Also, the Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.
108
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Fair value at
April 1,
2023
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2023
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases
(g)
Sales
Settlements
(h)
Assets:
(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
757
—
106
(
106
)
(
40
)
—
(
11
)
706
(
6
)
Residential – nonagency
5
6
—
(
6
)
—
—
—
5
—
Commercial – nonagency
10
(
1
)
—
—
—
5
(
8
)
6
(
1
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
772
5
106
(
112
)
(
40
)
5
(
19
)
717
(
7
)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
169
29
50
(
49
)
—
—
—
199
31
Corporate debt securities
538
—
61
(
43
)
(
2
)
7
(
39
)
522
(
2
)
Loans
926
(
6
)
246
(
65
)
(
18
)
102
(
80
)
1,105
(
6
)
Asset-backed securities
7
—
4
(
1
)
—
4
—
14
—
Total debt instruments
2,418
28
467
(
270
)
(
60
)
118
(
138
)
2,563
16
Equity securities
581
(
16
)
50
(
36
)
—
104
(
52
)
631
(
16
)
Physical commodities
—
—
6
—
—
—
—
6
—
Other
140
(
19
)
2
—
(
6
)
—
(
4
)
113
(
18
)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
3,139
(
7
)
(c)
525
(
306
)
(
66
)
222
(
194
)
3,313
(
18
)
(c)
Net derivative receivables:
(b)
Interest rate
754
(
1,043
)
60
(
42
)
49
(
914
)
14
(
1,122
)
(
960
)
Credit
452
228
—
(
1
)
31
2
(
23
)
689
240
Foreign exchange
545
(
37
)
51
(
67
)
(
126
)
55
(
32
)
389
(
29
)
Equity
(
885
)
(
148
)
295
(
675
)
(
726
)
349
(
91
)
(
1,881
)
9
Commodity
(
287
)
(
50
)
35
(
51
)
16
(
12
)
(
4
)
(
353
)
(
71
)
Total net derivative receivables
579
(
1,050
)
(c)
441
(
836
)
(
756
)
(
520
)
(
136
)
(
2,278
)
(
811
)
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
250
17
—
—
—
—
—
267
17
Total available-for-sale securities
250
17
(d)
—
—
—
—
—
267
17
(d)
Loans
1,479
(
3
)
(c)
2,137
(
7
)
(
490
)
760
(
68
)
3,808
(
52
)
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
7,755
275
(e)
546
(
92
)
(
255
)
—
—
8,229
275
(e)
Other assets
406
16
(c)
5
(
2
)
(
14
)
8
(
2
)
417
16
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Fair value at
April 1,
2023
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2023
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
(h)
Liabilities:
(a)
Deposits
$
2,208
$
(
51
)
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
139
$
(
181
)
$
—
$
(
62
)
$
2,053
$
(
51
)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
1,410
50
(c)(f)
—
—
1,191
(
927
)
2
(
22
)
1,704
29
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
63
(
1
)
(c)
—
(
2
)
—
(
2
)
6
(
1
)
63
(
1
)
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
56
5
(c)
(
2
)
3
—
—
8
(
2
)
68
5
(c)
Long-term debt
25,227
325
(c)(f)
—
—
2,667
(
2,550
)
113
(
357
)
25,425
354
(c)(f)
109
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Fair value at
April 1,
2022
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2022
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases
(g)
Sales
Settlements
(h)
Assets:
(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
1
$
—
$
1
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
286
(
1
)
643
(
118
)
(
7
)
—
—
803
(
2
)
Residential – nonagency
10
—
5
—
(
1
)
—
—
14
—
Commercial – nonagency
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
10
—
Total mortgage-backed securities
306
(
1
)
648
(
118
)
(
8
)
—
—
827
(
2
)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
7
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
133
(
9
)
177
(
86
)
—
6
(
16
)
205
(
8
)
Corporate debt securities
293
(
16
)
272
(
12
)
—
57
(
20
)
574
(
16
)
Loans
1,049
(
33
)
122
(
164
)
(
152
)
254
(
178
)
898
(
32
)
Asset-backed securities
28
—
1
(
10
)
—
1
—
20
—
Total debt instruments
1,816
(
59
)
1,220
(
390
)
(
160
)
318
(
214
)
2,531
(
58
)
Equity securities
663
(
99
)
98
(
61
)
—
106
(
46
)
661
(
90
)
Physical commodities
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
2
—
Other
175
66
6
—
(
158
)
—
(
2
)
87
60
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,654
(
92
)
(c)
1,326
(
451
)
(
318
)
424
(
262
)
3,281
(
88
)
(c)
Net derivative receivables:
(b)
Interest rate
367
160
99
(
135
)
105
44
(
220
)
420
204
Credit
44
264
4
(
3
)
(
65
)
1
4
249
255
Foreign exchange
76
193
15
(
19
)
(
38
)
24
(
6
)
245
174
Equity
(
2,583
)
1,838
162
(
466
)
(
140
)
(
227
)
182
(
1,234
)
1,788
Commodity
(
414
)
382
18
(
69
)
112
(
1
)
(
2
)
26
423
Total net derivative receivables
(
2,510
)
2,837
(c)
298
(
692
)
(
26
)
(
159
)
(
42
)
(
294
)
2,844
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
205
(
19
)
—
—
—
—
—
186
(
19
)
Total available-for-sale securities
205
(
19
)
(d)
—
—
—
—
—
186
(
19
)
(d)
Loans
2,072
(
82
)
(c)
273
(
95
)
(
250
)
226
(
124
)
2,020
(
80
)
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
7,294
654
(e)
341
(
614
)
(
236
)
—
—
7,439
654
(e)
Other assets
341
116
(c)
5
(
28
)
(
20
)
—
(
6
)
408
116
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Fair value at
April 1,
2022
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2022
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
(h)
Liabilities:
(a)
Deposits
$
2,121
$
(
160
)
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
138
$
(
21
)
$
—
$
(
46
)
$
2,032
$
(
160
)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
2,146
14
(c)(f)
—
—
963
(
1,036
)
14
—
2,101
93
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
41
1
(c)
(
20
)
4
—
—
30
—
56
1
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
108
(
2
)
(c)
(
28
)
1
—
—
—
(
6
)
73
(
2
)
(c)
Long-term debt
24,394
(
2,640
)
(c)(f)
—
—
3,470
(
2,045
)
179
(
281
)
23,077
(
2,613
)
(c)(f)
110
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Fair value at
Jan 1,
2023
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2023
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases
(g)
Sales
Settlements
(h)
Assets:
(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
759
7
131
(
113
)
(
64
)
—
(
14
)
706
2
Residential – nonagency
5
7
—
(
6
)
(
2
)
1
—
5
1
Commercial – nonagency
7
—
—
—
(
1
)
8
(
8
)
6
(
1
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
771
14
131
(
119
)
(
67
)
9
(
22
)
717
2
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
7
—
—
(
1
)
—
—
—
6
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
155
40
100
(
96
)
—
—
—
199
43
Corporate debt securities
463
24
110
(
60
)
(
2
)
30
(
43
)
522
18
Loans
759
2
682
(
127
)
(
113
)
125
(
223
)
1,105
1
Asset-backed securities
23
—
5
(
3
)
(
1
)
5
(
15
)
14
(
1
)
Total debt instruments
2,178
80
1,028
(
406
)
(
183
)
169
(
303
)
2,563
63
Equity securities
665
(
47
)
108
(
107
)
—
140
(
128
)
631
(
27
)
Physical Commodities
2
—
6
—
(
2
)
—
—
6
—
Other
64
(
40
)
96
—
(
4
)
1
(
4
)
113
(
19
)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,909
(
7
)
(c)
1,238
(
513
)
(
189
)
310
(
435
)
3,313
17
(c)
Net derivative receivables:
(b)
Interest rate
701
(
697
)
95
(
92
)
27
(
1,079
)
(
77
)
(
1,122
)
(
582
)
Credit
13
474
3
(
4
)
202
26
(
25
)
689
497
Foreign exchange
489
52
79
(
108
)
(
201
)
119
(
41
)
389
29
Equity
(
384
)
23
613
(
1,362
)
(
726
)
460
(
505
)
(
1,881
)
95
Commodity
(
146
)
(
42
)
39
(
118
)
(
111
)
(
11
)
36
(
353
)
(
206
)
Total net derivative receivables
673
(
190
)
(c)
829
(
1,684
)
(
809
)
(
485
)
(
612
)
(
2,278
)
(
167
)
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
239
28
—
—
—
—
—
267
28
Total available-for-sale securities
239
28
(d)
—
—
—
—
—
267
28
(d)
Loans
1,418
23
(c)
2,285
(
73
)
(
585
)
917
(
177
)
3,808
24
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
7,973
264
(e)
577
(
90
)
(
495
)
—
—
8,229
264
(e)
Other assets
405
21
(c)
17
(
2
)
(
30
)
8
(
2
)
417
21
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Fair value at
Jan 1,
2023
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2023
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
(h)
Liabilities:
(a)
Deposits
$
2,162
$
(
3
)
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
267
$
(
248
)
$
—
$
(
125
)
$
2,053
$
(
31
)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
1,401
140
(c)(f)
—
—
2,242
(
2,059
)
2
(
22
)
1,704
34
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
84
(
13
)
(c)
(
27
)
6
—
(
2
)
18
(
3
)
63
—
Accounts payable and other liabilities
53
4
(c)
(
2
)
7
—
—
8
(
2
)
68
4
(c)
Long-term debt
24,092
1,681
(c)(f)
—
—
5,400
(
5,525
)
204
(
427
)
25,425
1,674
(c)(f)
111
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Fair value at
Jan 1,
2022
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2022
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases
(g)
Sales
Settlements
(h)
Assets:
(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
1
$
—
$
1
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
265
26
665
(
125
)
(
28
)
—
—
803
24
Residential – nonagency
28
—
5
—
(
12
)
—
(
7
)
14
(
1
)
Commercial – nonagency
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
10
—
Total mortgage-backed securities
303
26
670
(
125
)
(
40
)
—
(
7
)
827
23
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
7
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
81
(
42
)
405
(
266
)
—
43
(
16
)
205
(
106
)
Corporate debt securities
332
(
35
)
333
(
71
)
(
37
)
98
(
46
)
574
(
44
)
Loans
708
(
37
)
419
(
262
)
(
159
)
525
(
296
)
898
(
13
)
Asset-backed securities
26
—
2
(
10
)
—
5
(
3
)
20
—
Total debt instruments
1,457
(
88
)
1,829
(
734
)
(
236
)
671
(
368
)
2,531
(
140
)
Equity securities
662
(
912
)
321
(
301
)
—
959
(
68
)
661
(
474
)
Physical Commodities
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
2
—
Other
160
67
26
—
(
163
)
—
(
3
)
87
70
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,279
(
933
)
(c)
2,178
(
1,035
)
(
399
)
1,630
(
439
)
3,281
(
544
)
(c)
Net derivative receivables:
(b)
Interest rate
(
16
)
393
225
(
229
)
256
17
(
226
)
420
428
Credit
74
331
8
(
7
)
(
161
)
(
2
)
6
249
330
Foreign exchange
(
419
)
538
147
(
43
)
32
18
(
28
)
245
486
Equity
(
3,626
)
2,568
660
(
1,025
)
303
(
558
)
444
(
1,234
)
2,975
Commodity
(
907
)
804
68
(
206
)
268
(
1
)
—
26
469
Total net derivative receivables
(
4,894
)
4,634
(c)
1,108
(
1,510
)
698
(
526
)
196
(
294
)
4,688
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
161
8
17
—
—
—
—
186
8
Total available-for-sale securities
161
8
(d)
17
—
—
—
—
186
8
(d)
Loans
1,933
16
(c)
394
(
100
)
(
531
)
616
(
308
)
2,020
(
24
)
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
5,494
1,613
(e)
1,471
(
671
)
(
468
)
—
—
7,439
1,613
(e)
Other assets
306
125
(c)
46
(
28
)
(
37
)
2
(
6
)
408
119
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Fair value at
Jan 1,
2022
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into
level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at
June 30, 2022
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
(h)
Liabilities:
(a)
Deposits
$
2,317
$
(
302
)
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
246
$
(
69
)
$
—
$
(
160
)
$
2,032
$
(
298
)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
2,481
(
387
)
(c)(f)
—
—
2,386
(
2,383
)
15
(
11
)
2,101
7
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
30
(
16
)
(c)
(
34
)
34
—
—
44
(
2
)
56
15
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
69
(
6
)
(c)
(
28
)
43
—
—
1
(
6
)
73
(
6
)
(c)
Long-term debt
24,374
(
4,308
)
(c)(f)
—
—
7,520
(
4,521
)
442
(
430
)
23,077
(
4,151
)
(c)(f)
(a)
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were
2
% at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Level 3 liabilities at fair value as a percentage of total Firm liabilities at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were
8
% at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
112
(b)
All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.
(c)
Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for CCB mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)
Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities are reported in investment securities gains/(losses). Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on level 3 AFS securities were not material both for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(e)
Changes in fair value for MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(f)
Realized (gains)/losses due to DVA for fair value option elected liabilities are reported in principal transactions revenue, and were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Unrealized (gains)/losses are reported in OCI, and were $
23
million and $(
344
) million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $(
277
) million and $(
574
) million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(g)
Loan originations are included in purchases.
(h)
Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs and other items.
Level 3 analysis
Consolidated balance sheets changes
The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2022, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page
115
for further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Three
and six months
ended June 30, 2023
Level 3 assets were $
26.8
billion at June 30, 2023,
reflecting an increase of $
3.0
billion from March 31, 2023, and an increase of $
3.2
billion from December 31, 2022.
The increase for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was predominantly driven by:
•
$
2.3
billion and $
2.4
billion, respectively, in non-trading loans primarily due to $
1.9
billion of loans in CIB associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to the sections below for additional information.
Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•
$
1.2
billion of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of transition to term SOFR for certain interest rate options.
•
$
760
million of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, there were no significant transfers from level 3 into level 2.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•
$
1.6
billion of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of transition to term SOFR for certain interest rate options.
•
$
901
million of gross equity derivative receivables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.
•
$
917
million of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•
$
1.3
billion and $
827
million of gross equity derivative receivables and gross equity derivative payables, respectively, as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the three months ended June 30, 2022, there were no significant transfers from level 2 into level 3.
For the three months ended June 30, 2022, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•
$
930
million of gross interest rate derivative receivables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•
$
1.6
billion of total debt and equity instruments, largely due to equity securities of $
959
million driven by a decrease in observability predominantly as a result of restricted access to certain markets.
•
$
1.3
billion of gross equity derivative payables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•
$
965
million of gross interest rate derivative receivables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
•
$
920
million and $
1.4
billion of gross equity derivative receivables and gross equity derivative payables, respectively, as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
All transfers are based on changes in the observability and/or significance of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.
113
Gains and losses
The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. These amounts exclude any effects of the Firm’s risk management activities where the financial instruments are classified as level 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 108-113 for further information on these instruments.
Three months ended June 30, 2023
•
$
752
million of net losses on assets, driven by losses in net derivative receivables due to market movements.
•
$
328
million of net losses on liabilities, driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Three months ended June 30, 2022
•
$
3.4
billion of net gains on assets, largely driven by gains in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements and MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•
$
2.8
billion of net gains on liabilities, predominantly driven by gains in long-term debt due to market movements.
Six months ended June 30, 2023
•
$
139
million of net gains on assets, driven by gains in MSR reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•
$
1.8
billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Six months ended June 30, 2022
•
$
5.5
billion
of net gains on assets, predominantly driven by gains in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements and MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•
$
5.0
billion
of net gains on liabilities, predominantly driven by gains in long-term debt due to market movements.
Refer to Note 15 for information on MSRs.
Credit and funding adjustments — derivatives
The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The FVA presented below includes the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Credit and funding adjustments:
Derivatives CVA
$
66
$
147
$
121
$
(
165
)
Derivatives FVA
63
7
55
(
51
)
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information about both credit and funding
adjustments, as well as information about valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities.
114
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The following tables present the assets and liabilities held as of
June 30, 2023 and 2022
, for which nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the six months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022
, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Fair value hierarchy
Total fair value
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Loans
$
—
$
803
$
840
(b)
$
1,643
Other assets
(a)
—
7
286
293
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
810
$
1,126
$
1,936
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
—
—
—
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Fair value hierarchy
Total fair value
June 30, 2022 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Loans
$
—
$
1,516
$
665
$
2,181
Other assets
—
22
1,083
1,105
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
1,538
$
1,748
$
3,286
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
—
293
293
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
—
$
293
$
293
(a)
Primarily includes equity securities without readily determinable fair values that were adjusted based on observable price changes in orderly transactions from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative). Of the $
286
million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2023, $
220
million related to equity securities adjusted based on the measurement alternative. These equity securities are classified as level 3 due to the infrequency of the observable prices and/or the restrictions on the shares.
(b)
Of the $
840
million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2023, $
23
million related to residential real estate loans carried at the net realizable value of the underlying collateral (e.g., collateral-dependent loans). These amounts are classified as level 3 as they are valued using information from broker’s price opinions, appraisals and automated valuation models and discounted based upon the Firm’s experience with actual liquidation values. These discounts ranged from
3
% to
56
% with a weighted average of
25
%.
Nonrecurring fair value changes
The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which fair value adjustments have been recognized for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022
, related to assets and liabilities held at those dates.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Loans
$
(
96
)
$
(
80
)
$
(
128
)
$
(
91
)
Other assets
(a)
(
36
)
(
389
)
(
99
)
(
45
)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
(
269
)
—
(
288
)
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)
$
(
132
)
$
(
738
)
$
(
227
)
$
(
424
)
(a)
Included $(
32
) million and $(
387
) million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $(
93
) million and $(
29
) million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of net gains/(losses) as a result of the measurement alternative.
Refer to Note 12 for further information about the measurement of collateral-dependent loans.
115
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values
The Firm measures certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (i.e., measurement alternative), with such changes recognized in other income.
In its determination of the new carrying values upon observable price changes, the Firm may adjust the prices if deemed necessary to arrive at the Firm’s estimated fair values. Such adjustments may include adjustments to reflect the different rights and obligations of similar securities, and other adjustments that are consistent with the Firm’s valuation techniques for private equity direct investments.
The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held as of
June 30, 2023 and 2022
, that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
As of or for the period ended, (in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Other assets
Carrying value
(a)
$
4,673
$
4,196
$
4,673
$
4,196
Upward carrying value changes
(b)
5
76
40
445
Downward carrying value changes/impairment
(c)
(
37
)
(
463
)
(
133
)
(
474
)
(a)
The carrying value as of December 31, 2022 was $
4.1
billion. The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.
(b)
The cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023 were $
1.5
billion.
(c)
The cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023 were $(
1.0
) billion.
Included in other assets above is the Firm’s interest in approximately
37
million Visa Class B common shares (“Visa B shares”). These shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and are convertible into Visa Class A common shares (“Visa A shares”) at a specified conversion rate upon final resolution of certain litigation matters involving Visa. On June 29, 2023, Visa filed a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC indicating that the conversion rate of Visa B shares to Visa A shares decreased from
1.5991
to
1.5902
effective June 28, 2023. The conversion rate may be further adjusted by Visa depending on developments related to the litigation matters. The outcome of those litigation matters, and the effect that the resolution of those matters may have on the conversion rate, is unknown. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2023, there is significant uncertainty regarding when the transfer restrictions on Visa B shares may be terminated and what the final conversion rate for the Visa B shares will be. As a result of these considerations, as well as differences in voting rights, Visa B shares are not considered to be similar to Visa A shares, and they continue to be held at their nominal carrying value.
In connection with prior sales of Visa B shares, the Firm has entered into derivative instruments with the purchasers of the shares under which the Firm retains the risk associated with changes in the conversion rate. Under the terms of the derivative instruments, the Firm will (a) make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate and (b) make periodic interest payments to the purchasers of the Visa B shares. The payments under the derivative instruments will continue as long as the Visa B shares remain subject to transfer restrictions. The derivative instruments are accounted for at fair value using a discounted cash flow methodology based upon the Firm’s estimate of the timing and magnitude of final resolution of the litigation matters. The derivative instruments are recorded in trading liabilities, and changes in fair value are recognized in other income. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm held derivative instruments associated with
23
million Visa B shares that the Firm had previously sold, which are all subject to similar terms and conditions.
116
Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value
The following table presents, by fair value hierarchy classification, the carrying values and estimated fair values at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Estimated fair value hierarchy
Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)
Carrying
value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated
fair value
Carrying
value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated
fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks
$
26.1
$
26.1
$
—
$
—
$
26.1
$
27.7
$
27.7
$
—
$
—
$
27.7
Deposits with banks
469.1
469.0
0.1
—
469.1
539.5
539.3
0.2
—
539.5
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
111.1
—
111.1
0.1
111.2
124.7
—
124.6
0.1
124.7
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
3.0
—
3.0
—
3.0
3.7
—
3.7
—
3.7
Securities borrowed
107.7
—
107.7
—
107.7
115.3
—
115.3
—
115.3
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
408.9
185.8
189.5
—
375.3
425.3
189.1
199.5
—
388.6
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
(a)
1,239.3
—
279.8
936.1
1,215.9
1,073.9
—
194.0
853.9
1,047.9
Other
69.2
—
66.9
2.4
69.3
101.2
—
99.6
1.7
101.3
Financial liabilities
Deposits
$
2,347.4
$
—
$
2,347.5
$
—
$
2,347.5
$
2,311.6
$
—
$
2,311.5
$
—
$
2,311.5
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
49.7
—
49.7
—
49.7
50.6
—
50.6
—
50.6
Short-term borrowings
(b)
23.1
—
23.1
—
23.1
28.2
—
28.2
—
28.2
Accounts payable and other liabilities
248.1
—
238.8
8.8
247.6
257.5
—
251.2
5.6
256.8
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
19.6
—
19.6
—
19.6
12.6
—
12.6
—
12.6
Long-term debt
(b)
285.4
—
232.0
51.7
283.7
223.6
—
216.5
2.8
219.3
(a)
Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. Carrying value of the loan takes into account the loan’s allowance for loan losses, which represents the loan’s expected credit losses over its remaining expected life. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a loan is generally attributable to changes in market interest rates, including credit spreads, market liquidity premiums and other factors that affect the fair value of a loan but do not affect its carrying value.
(b)
Includes FHLB advances in level 2 of Long-term debt and Short-term borrowings and the Purchase Money Note in level 3 of Long-term debt associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Notes 18 and 28 for additional information.
The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of these wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Estimated fair value hierarchy
Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)
Carrying value
(a) (b)(c)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Carrying value
(a) (b)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments
$
3.7
$
—
$
—
$
4.9
$
4.9
$
2.3
$
—
$
—
$
3.2
$
3.2
(a)
Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.
(b)
Includes the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments.
(c)
As of June 30, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with the First Republic acquisition for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $
1.6
billion. Refer to Notes 24 and 28 for additional information.
The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to page 169 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments.
117
Note 3 –
Fair value option
The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments.
The Firm has elected to measure certain instruments at fair value for several reasons including to mitigate income statement volatility caused by the differences between the measurement basis of elected instruments (e.g., certain instruments that otherwise would be accounted for on an accrual basis) and the associated risk management arrangements that are accounted for on a fair value basis, as well as to better reflect those instruments that are managed on a fair value basis.
The Firm’s election of fair value includes the following instruments:
•
Loans purchased or originated as part of securitization warehousing activity, subject to bifurcation accounting, or managed on a fair value basis, including lending-related commitments
•
Certain securities financing agreements
•
Owned beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that contain embedded credit derivatives, which would otherwise be required to be separately accounted for as a derivative instrument
•
Structured notes and other hybrid instruments, which are predominantly financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives, that are issued or transacted as part of client-driven activities
•
Certain long-term beneficial interests issued by CIB’s consolidated securitization trusts where the underlying assets are carried at fair value
Changes in fair value under the fair value option election
The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.
Three months ended June 30,
2023
2022
(in millions)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
(e)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
(e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
18
$
—
$
18
$
(
145
)
$
—
$
(
145
)
Securities borrowed
(
60
)
—
(
60
)
(
101
)
—
(
101
)
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
1,160
—
1,160
(
1,255
)
—
(
1,255
)
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
100
—
100
(
136
)
(f)
—
(
136
)
Other changes in fair value
2
2
(c)
4
(
11
)
—
(
11
)
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
6
(
5
)
(c)
1
(
83
)
11
(c)
(
72
)
Other changes in fair value
(
76
)
(
6
)
(c)
(
82
)
(
501
)
(
260
)
(c)
(
761
)
Other assets
(
16
)
(
1
)
(d)
(
17
)
(
2
)
4
(d)
2
Deposits
(a)
(
395
)
—
(
395
)
382
—
382
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(
8
)
—
(
8
)
124
—
124
Short-term borrowings
(a)
(
110
)
—
(
110
)
471
—
471
Trading liabilities
(
15
)
—
(
15
)
54
—
54
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
—
—
—
—
—
Other liabilities
(
1
)
—
(
1
)
(
7
)
—
(
7
)
Long-term debt
(a)(b)
(
663
)
(
2
)
(c)(d)
(
665
)
5,405
14
(c)(d)
5,419
118
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
(in millions)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
(e)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
(e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
220
$
—
$
220
$
(
375
)
$
—
$
(
375
)
Securities borrowed
28
—
28
(
299
)
—
(
299
)
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
2,755
—
2,755
(
911
)
—
(
911
)
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
231
—
231
(
142
)
(f)
—
(
142
)
Other changes in fair value
5
2
(c)
7
(
22
)
—
(
22
)
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
71
(
4
)
(c)
67
(
77
)
23
(c)
(
54
)
Other changes in fair value
119
104
(c)
223
(
1,220
)
(
774
)
(c)
(
1,994
)
Other assets
14
(
1
)
(d)
13
9
1
(d)
10
Deposits
(a)
(
868
)
—
(
868
)
784
—
784
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(
69
)
—
(
69
)
206
—
206
Short-term borrowings
(a)
(
269
)
—
(
269
)
773
—
773
Trading liabilities
(
30
)
—
(
30
)
(
12
)
—
(
12
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
—
—
(
1
)
—
(
1
)
Other liabilities
(
1
)
—
(
1
)
(
4
)
—
(
4
)
Long-term debt
(a)(b)
(
3,461
)
(
28
)
(c)(d)
(
3,489
)
9,365
33
(c)(d)
9,398
(a)
Unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are recorded in OCI, while realized gains/(losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. Realized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk recorded in principal transactions revenue were not material both for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(b)
Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relates to structured notes. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.
(c)
Reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)
Reported in other income.
(e)
Changes in fair value exclude contractual interest, which is included in interest income and interest expense for all instruments other than certain hybrid financial instruments in CIB. Refer to Note 7 for further information regarding interest income and interest expense.
(f)
Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
119
Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Contractual principal outstanding
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Contractual principal outstanding
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans
Loans reported as trading assets
$
2,737
$
529
$
(
2,208
)
$
2,517
$
368
$
(
2,149
)
Loans
911
760
(
151
)
967
829
(
138
)
Subtotal
3,648
1,289
(
2,359
)
3,484
1,197
(
2,287
)
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed
Loans
(a)
82
76
(
6
)
124
115
(
9
)
All other performing loans
(b)
Loans reported as trading assets
9,217
7,560
(
1,657
)
7,823
6,135
(
1,688
)
Loans
39,995
37,953
(
2,042
)
42,588
41,135
(
1,453
)
Subtotal
49,212
45,513
(
3,699
)
50,411
47,270
(
3,141
)
Total loans
$
52,942
$
46,878
$
(
6,064
)
$
54,019
$
48,582
$
(
5,437
)
Long-term debt
Principal-protected debt
$
42,889
(d)
$
34,524
$
(
8,365
)
$
41,341
(d)
$
31,105
$
(
10,236
)
Nonprincipal-protected debt
(c)
NA
44,085
NA
NA
41,176
NA
Total long-term debt
NA
$
78,609
NA
NA
$
72,281
NA
Long-term beneficial interests
Nonprincipal-protected debt
(c)
NA
$
1
NA
NA
$
5
NA
Total long-term beneficial interests
NA
$
1
NA
NA
$
5
NA
(a)
These balances are excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(b)
There were
no
performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(c)
Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests. Unlike principal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but for structured notes to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal-protected notes.
(d)
Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the contractual amount of lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $
10.2
billion and $
7.6
billion, respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $
264
million and $
24
million, respectively. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, and Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments.
120
Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component
The following table presents the fair value of structured notes, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Long-term debt
Short-term borrowings
Deposits
Total
Long-term debt
Short-term borrowings
Deposits
Total
Risk exposure
Interest rate
$
34,860
$
225
$
46,527
$
81,612
$
31,973
$
260
$
24,655
$
56,888
Credit
4,618
247
—
4,865
4,105
170
—
4,275
Foreign exchange
2,675
997
3
3,675
2,674
788
50
3,512
Equity
33,590
4,830
3,202
41,622
30,864
4,272
3,545
38,681
Commodity
2,017
—
1
(a)
2,018
1,655
16
2
(a)
1,673
Total structured notes
$
77,760
$
6,299
$
49,733
$
133,792
$
71,271
$
5,506
$
28,252
$
105,029
(a)
Excludes deposits linked to precious metals for which the fair value option has not been elected of $
590
million and $
602
million for the periods ended June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
121
Note 4 –
Credit risk concentrations
Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of clients, counterparties or customers are engaged in similar business activities or activities in the same geographic region, or when they have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions.
JPMorgan Chase regularly monitors various segments of its credit portfolios to assess potential credit risk concentrations and to obtain additional collateral when deemed necessary and permitted under the Firm’s agreements. Senior management is significantly involved in the credit approval and review process, and risk levels are adjusted as needed to reflect the Firm’s risk appetite.
In the Firm’s consumer portfolio, concentrations are managed primarily by product and by U.S. geographic region, with a key focus on trends and concentrations at the portfolio level, where potential credit risk concentrations can be remedied through changes in underwriting policies and portfolio guidelines.
Refer to Note
12
for additional information on the geographic composition of the Firm’s consumer loan portfolios. In the wholesale portfolio, credit risk concentrations are evaluated primarily by industry and monitored regularly on both an aggregate portfolio level and on an individual client or counterparty basis.
The Firm’s wholesale exposure is managed through loan syndications and participations, loan sales, securitizations, credit derivatives, master netting agreements, collateral and other risk-reduction techniques. Refer to Note 12 for additional information on loans.
The Firm does not believe that its exposure to any particular loan product or industry segment results in a significant concentration of credit risk.
Terms of loan products and collateral coverage are included in the Firm’s assessment when extending credit and establishing its allowance for loan losses.
122
The table below presents both on–balance sheet and off–balance sheet consumer and wholesale credit exposure by the Firm’s three credit portfolio segments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The wholesale industry of risk category is generally based on the client or counterparty’s primary business activity.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Credit exposure
(h)(i)
On-balance sheet
Off-balance sheet
(j)
Credit exposure
(h)
On-balance sheet
Off-balance sheet
(j)
(in millions)
Loans
Derivatives
Loans
Derivatives
Consumer, excluding credit card
$
459,050
$
408,204
$
—
$
50,846
$
344,893
$
311,375
$
—
$
33,518
Credit card
(a)
1,072,833
191,348
—
881,485
1,006,459
185,175
—
821,284
Total consumer
(a)
1,531,883
599,552
—
932,331
1,351,352
496,550
—
854,802
Wholesale
(b)
Real Estate
206,912
165,069
331
41,512
170,857
131,681
249
38,927
Individuals and Individual Entities
(c)
141,178
122,056
730
18,392
130,815
120,424
434
9,957
Asset Managers
138,143
52,730
14,751
70,662
95,656
40,511
16,397
38,748
Consumer & Retail
125,935
47,410
2,278
76,247
120,555
45,867
1,650
73,038
Industrials
77,206
27,537
1,424
48,245
72,483
26,960
1,770
43,753
Technology, Media &
Telecommunications
76,444
21,159
2,601
52,684
72,286
21,622
2,950
47,714
Healthcare
65,547
22,727
1,720
41,100
62,613
22,970
1,683
37,960
Banks & Finance Cos
61,659
34,934
4,679
22,046
51,816
32,172
3,246
16,398
State & Municipal Govt
(d)
37,157
20,656
457
16,044
33,847
18,147
585
15,115
Utilities
35,757
7,162
3,089
25,506
36,218
9,107
3,269
23,842
Oil & Gas
33,233
9,607
1,352
22,274
38,668
9,632
5,121
23,915
Automotive
32,947
15,169
602
17,176
33,287
14,735
529
18,023
Chemicals & Plastics
22,195
6,343
510
15,342
20,030
5,771
407
13,852
Insurance
21,874
2,772
8,175
10,927
21,045
2,387
8,081
10,577
Central Govt
16,845
3,670
10,827
2,348
19,095
3,167
12,955
2,973
Metals & Mining
15,631
4,786
311
10,534
15,915
5,398
475
10,042
Transportation
15,447
5,779
606
9,062
15,009
5,005
567
9,437
Securities Firms
9,077
957
3,392
4,728
8,066
556
3,387
4,123
Financial Markets Infrastructure
4,993
184
2,491
2,318
4,962
13
3,050
1,899
All other
(e)
135,271
97,438
3,891
33,942
123,307
87,545
4,075
31,687
Subtotal
1,273,451
668,145
64,217
541,089
1,146,530
603,670
70,880
471,980
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
32,372
32,372
—
—
35,427
35,427
—
—
Receivables from customers
(f)
42,741
—
—
—
49,257
—
—
—
Total wholesale
1,348,564
700,517
64,217
541,089
1,231,214
639,097
70,880
471,980
Total exposure
(g)(h)
$
2,880,447
$
1,300,069
$
64,217
$
1,473,420
$
2,582,566
$
1,135,647
$
70,880
$
1,326,782
(a)
Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
(b)
The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2022, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures as of June 30, 2023, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2022.
(c)
Individuals and Individual Entities predominantly consists of Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB, and includes exposure to personal investment companies and personal and testamentary trusts.
(d)
In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, noted above, the Firm held: $
6.8
billion and $
6.6
billion, respectively, of trading assets; $
24.0
billion and $
6.8
billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $
11.6
billion and $
19.7
billion, respectively, of HTM securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. Refer to Note 2 and Note 10 for further information.
(e)
All other includes: SPEs and Private education and civic organizations, representing approximately
94
% and
6
%, respectively, as of June 30, 2023 and
95
% and
5
%, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 14 for more information on exposures to SPEs.
(f)
Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM that are collateralized by assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts (e.g., cash on deposit, liquid and readily marketable debt or equity securities). Because of this collateralization, no allowance for credit losses is generally held against these receivables. To manage its credit risk the Firm establishes margin requirements and monitors the required margin levels on an ongoing basis, and requires clients to deposit additional cash or other collateral, or to reduce positions, when appropriate. These receivables are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(g)
Excludes cash placed with banks of $
485.4
billion and $
556.6
billion, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is predominantly placed with various central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.
(h)
Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.
(i)
Included credit exposure associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of
$
104.6
billion
in the Consumer, excluding credit card portfolio, and $
98.2
billion in the Wholesale portfolio predominantly in Asset Managers, Real Estate, and Individuals and Individual Entities.
(j)
Represents lending-related financial instruments.
123
Note 5 –
Derivative instruments
JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments.
The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in hedge
accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage risks associated with specified assets and liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.
The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.
Type of Derivative
Use of Derivative
Designation and disclosure
Affected
segment or unit
10-Q page reference
Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•
Interest rate
Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
130-131
•
Interest rate
Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
132
•
Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
130-131
•
Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated forecasted revenue and expense
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
132
•
Foreign exchange
Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities
Net investment hedge
Corporate
133
•
Commodity
Hedge commodity inventory
Fair value hedge
CIB, AWM
130-131
Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•
Interest rate
Manage the risk associated with mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs
Specified risk management
CCB
134
•
Credit
Manage the credit risk associated with wholesale lending exposures
Specified risk management
CIB
134
•
Interest rate and foreign exchange
Manage the risk associated with certain other specified assets and liabilities
Specified risk management
Corporate
134
Market-making derivatives and other activities:
•
Various
Market-making and related risk management
Market-making and other
CIB
134
•
Various
Other derivatives
Market-making and other
CIB, AWM, Corporate
134
124
Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of free-standing derivative contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Notional amounts
(b)
(in billions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Interest rate contracts
Swaps
$
29,292
$
24,491
Futures and forwards
3,341
2,636
Written options
3,329
3,047
Purchased options
3,390
2,992
Total interest rate contracts
39,352
33,166
Credit derivatives
(a)
1,477
1,132
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps
4,436
4,196
Spot, futures and forwards
8,681
7,017
Written options
867
775
Purchased options
826
759
Total foreign exchange contracts
14,810
12,747
Equity contracts
Swaps
598
618
Futures and forwards
110
110
Written options
755
636
Purchased options
707
580
Total equity contracts
2,170
1,944
Commodity contracts
Swaps
137
136
Spot, futures and forwards
142
136
Written options
133
117
Purchased options
110
98
Total commodity contracts
522
487
Total derivative notional amounts
$
58,331
$
49,476
(a)
Refer to the Credit derivatives discussion on page
135
for more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts.
(b)
Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.
While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative contracts, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is simply a reference amount used to calculate payments.
125
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated balance sheets
The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.
Free-standing derivative receivables and payables
(a)
Gross derivative receivables
Gross derivative payables
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables
(b)
Not designated as hedges
Designated
as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables
(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate
$
288,312
$
—
$
288,312
$
27,709
$
277,334
$
8
$
277,342
$
15,157
Credit
13,685
—
13,685
1,245
13,767
—
13,767
566
Foreign exchange
226,793
886
227,679
22,194
222,739
846
223,585
14,177
Equity
61,392
—
61,392
7,324
67,670
—
67,670
9,805
Commodity
16,872
768
17,640
5,745
18,465
820
19,285
6,840
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
607,054
$
1,654
$
608,708
$
64,217
$
599,975
$
1,674
$
601,649
$
46,545
Gross derivative receivables
Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables
(b)
Not designated as hedges
Designated
as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables
(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate
$
300,411
$
4
$
300,415
$
28,419
$
290,291
$
—
$
290,291
$
15,970
Credit
10,329
—
10,329
1,090
9,971
—
9,971
754
Foreign exchange
239,946
1,633
241,579
23,365
248,911
2,610
251,521
18,856
Equity
61,913
—
61,913
9,139
62,461
—
62,461
8,804
Commodity
23,652
1,705
25,357
8,867
20,758
2,511
23,269
6,757
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
636,251
$
3,342
$
639,593
$
70,880
$
632,392
$
5,121
$
637,513
$
51,141
(a)
Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further information.
(b)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.
126
Derivatives netting
The following tables present, as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty, have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables below.
In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:
•
collateral that consists of liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians, which are shown separately as “Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets” in the tables below, up to the fair value exposure amount. For the purpose of this disclosure, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule;
•
the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables below; and
•
collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables below.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net
derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
Interest rate contracts:
Over-the-counter (“OTC”)
$
194,218
$
(
168,569
)
$
25,649
$
203,922
$
(
178,261
)
$
25,661
OTC–cleared
91,665
(
91,508
)
157
93,800
(
93,424
)
376
Exchange-traded
(a)
573
(
526
)
47
559
(
311
)
248
Total interest rate contracts
286,456
(
260,603
)
25,853
298,281
(
271,996
)
26,285
Credit contracts:
OTC
8,850
(
7,818
)
1,032
8,474
(
7,535
)
939
OTC–cleared
4,674
(
4,622
)
52
1,746
(
1,704
)
42
Total credit contracts
13,524
(
12,440
)
1,084
10,220
(
9,239
)
981
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC
223,998
(
204,582
)
19,416
237,941
(
216,796
)
21,145
OTC–cleared
910
(
901
)
9
1,461
(
1,417
)
44
Exchange-traded
(a)
11
(
2
)
9
15
(
1
)
14
Total foreign exchange contracts
224,919
(
205,485
)
19,434
239,417
(
218,214
)
21,203
Equity contracts:
OTC
24,672
(
21,496
)
3,176
30,323
(
25,665
)
4,658
Exchange-traded
(a)
34,196
(
32,572
)
1,624
28,467
(
27,109
)
1,358
Total equity contracts
58,868
(
54,068
)
4,800
58,790
(
52,774
)
6,016
Commodity contracts:
OTC
9,317
(
5,539
)
3,778
14,430
(
7,633
)
6,797
OTC–cleared
111
(
111
)
—
120
(
112
)
8
Exchange-traded
(a)
6,266
(
6,245
)
21
9,103
(
8,745
)
358
Total commodity contracts
15,694
(
11,895
)
3,799
23,653
(
16,490
)
7,163
Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion
599,461
(
544,491
)
54,970
(d)
630,361
(
568,713
)
61,648
(d)
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
9,247
9,247
9,232
9,232
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
608,708
$
64,217
$
639,593
$
70,880
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets
(b)(c)
(
23,282
)
(
23,014
)
Net amounts
$
40,935
$
47,866
127
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net
derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC
$
180,016
$
(
167,127
)
$
12,889
$
190,108
$
(
176,890
)
$
13,218
OTC–cleared
94,771
(
94,554
)
217
97,417
(
97,126
)
291
Exchange-traded
(a)
512
(
504
)
8
327
(
305
)
22
Total interest rate contracts
275,299
(
262,185
)
13,114
287,852
(
274,321
)
13,531
Credit contracts:
OTC
9,240
(
8,768
)
472
8,054
(
7,572
)
482
OTC–cleared
4,438
(
4,433
)
5
1,674
(
1,645
)
29
Total credit contracts
13,678
(
13,201
)
477
9,728
(
9,217
)
511
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC
220,326
(
208,507
)
11,819
246,457
(
231,248
)
15,209
OTC–cleared
993
(
901
)
92
1,488
(
1,417
)
71
Exchange-traded
(a)
15
—
15
20
—
20
Total foreign exchange contracts
221,334
(
209,408
)
11,926
247,965
(
232,665
)
15,300
Equity contracts:
OTC
28,206
(
25,293
)
2,913
29,833
(
26,554
)
3,279
Exchange-traded
(a)
35,657
(
32,572
)
3,085
28,291
(
27,103
)
1,188
Total equity contracts
63,863
(
57,865
)
5,998
58,124
(
53,657
)
4,467
Commodity contracts:
OTC
9,591
(
6,061
)
3,530
11,954
(
7,642
)
4,312
OTC–cleared
116
(
116
)
—
112
(
112
)
—
Exchange-traded
(a)
7,050
(
6,268
)
782
9,021
(
8,758
)
263
Total commodity contracts
16,757
(
12,445
)
4,312
21,087
(
16,512
)
4,575
Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinion
590,931
(
555,104
)
35,827
(d)
624,756
(
586,372
)
38,384
(d)
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
10,718
10,718
12,757
12,757
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
601,649
$
46,545
$
637,513
$
51,141
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets
(b)(c)
(
4,248
)
(
3,318
)
Net amounts
$
42,297
$
47,823
(a)
Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.
(b)
Includes liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.
(c)
Derivative collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
(d)
Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $
52.5
billion and $
51.5
billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $
63.2
billion and $
69.2
billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Derivative cash collateral relates to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
128
Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables
$
15,243
$
16,023
Collateral posted
14,144
15,505
The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined rating threshold is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payment requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade
(a)
$
81
$
1,241
$
128
$
1,293
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade
(b)
80
811
88
925
(a)
Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.
(b)
Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.
Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset
In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 11, but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. The amount of such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding was not material at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
129
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income
The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.
Fair value hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the related hedged item.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components
(e)
OCI impact
Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI
(f)
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)(b)
$
(
151
)
$
164
$
13
$
—
$
5
$
—
Foreign exchange
(c)
254
(
188
)
66
(
156
)
66
15
Commodity
(d)
422
(
290
)
132
—
133
—
Total
$
525
$
(
314
)
$
211
$
(
156
)
$
204
$
15
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components
(e)
OCI impact
Three months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI
(f)
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)(b)
$
(
4,467
)
$
4,367
$
(
100
)
$
—
$
(
79
)
$
—
Foreign exchange
(c)
(
818
)
830
12
(
115
)
12
67
Commodity
(d)
(
1,536
)
1,464
(
72
)
—
(
73
)
—
Total
$
(
6,821
)
$
6,661
$
(
160
)
$
(
115
)
$
(
140
)
$
67
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components
(e)
OCI impact
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI
(f)
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)(b)
$
1,021
$
(
940
)
$
81
$
—
$
15
$
—
Foreign exchange
(c)
412
(
282
)
130
(
329
)
130
(
13
)
Commodity
(d)
(
1,118
)
1,335
217
—
217
—
Total
$
315
$
113
$
428
$
(
329
)
$
362
$
(
13
)
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components
(e)
OCI impact
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI
(f)
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)(b)
$
(
11,537
)
$
11,348
$
(
189
)
$
—
$
(
145
)
$
—
Foreign exchange
(c)
(
1,508
)
1,518
10
(
180
)
10
212
Commodity
(d)
(
1,712
)
1,611
(
101
)
—
(
110
)
—
Total
$
(
14,757
)
$
14,477
$
(
280
)
$
(
180
)
$
(
245
)
$
212
(a)
Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)
Includes the amortization of income/expense associated with the inception hedge accounting adjustment applied to the hedged item. Excludes the accrual of interest on interest rate swaps and the related hedged items.
(c)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items due to changes in foreign currency rates and the income statement impact of excluded components were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
(d)
Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value (net realizable value approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(e)
The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts, time values and cross-currency basis spreads. Excluded components may impact earnings either through amortization of the initial amount over the life of the derivative, or through fair value changes recognized in the current period.
(f)
Represents the change in value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness under the amortization approach, predominantly cross-currency basis spreads. The amount excluded at inception of the hedge is recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative.
130
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets related to certain cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that are expected to reverse through the income statement in future periods as an adjustment to yield.
Carrying amount of the hedged items
(a)(b)
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Active hedging relationships
(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships
(d)(e)
Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS
$
136,444
(c)
$
(
2,752
)
$
(
3,462
)
$
(
6,214
)
Liabilities
Long-term debt
176,509
(
5,857
)
(
9,105
)
(
14,962
)
Carrying amount of the hedged items
(b)(c)
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Active hedging relationships
(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships
(d)(e)
Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS
$
84,073
(c)
$
(
4,149
)
$
(
1,542
)
$
(
5,691
)
Liabilities
Long-term debt
175,257
(
11,879
)
(
3,313
)
(
15,192
)
(a)
Excludes physical commodities with a carrying value of $
12.8
billion and $
26.0
billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to which the Firm applies fair value hedge accounting. As a result of the application of hedge accounting, these inventories are carried at fair value, thus recognizing unrealized gains and losses in current periods. Since the Firm exits these positions at fair value, there is no incremental impact to net income in future periods.
(b)
Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the income statement in future periods. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount excluded for AFS securities is $
20.9
billion and $
20.3
billion, respectively, and for long-term debt is $
216
million and $
221
million, respectively.
(c)
Carrying amount represents the amortized cost, net of allowance if applicable. Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the new portfolio layer method hedge accounting guidance which expanded the ability to hedge a portfolio of prepayable assets to allow more of the portfolio to be hedged. At June 30, 2023, the amortized cost of the portfolio layer method closed portfolios was $
67.8
billion, of which $
49.6
billion was designated as hedged. The cumulative amount of basis adjustments was $(
1.1
) billion, reflecting $(
865
) million and $(
229
) million for active and discontinued hedging relationships, respectively. Refer to Note 1 and Note 10 for additional information.
(d)
Positive (negative) amounts related to assets represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will reduce (increase) net interest income in future periods. Positive (negative) amounts related to liabilities represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will increase (reduce) net interest income in future periods.
(e)
Represents basis adjustments existing on the balance sheet date associated with hedged items that have been de-designated from qualifying fair value hedging relationships.
131
Cash flow hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Firm includes the gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the change in cash flows on the related hedged item.
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded
in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)
$
(
474
)
$
(
1,199
)
$
(
725
)
Foreign exchange
(b)
9
80
71
Total
$
(
465
)
$
(
1,119
)
$
(
654
)
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded
in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)
$
86
$
(
1,509
)
$
(
1,595
)
Foreign exchange
(b)
(
62
)
(
241
)
(
179
)
Total
$
24
$
(
1,750
)
$
(
1,774
)
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded
in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)
$
(
902
)
$
(
738
)
$
164
Foreign exchange
(b)
(
46
)
186
232
Total
$
(
948
)
$
(
552
)
$
396
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded
in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)
$
329
$
(
4,870
)
$
(
5,199
)
Foreign exchange
(b)
(
68
)
(
316
)
(
248
)
Total
$
261
$
(
5,186
)
$
(
5,447
)
(a)
Primarily consists of hedges of SOFR-indexed floating-rate assets. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.
The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $(
1.3
) billion (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at June 30, 2023, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For cash flow hedges that have been terminated, the maximum length of time over which the derivative results recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings is approximately
seven years
, corresponding to the timing of the originally hedged forecasted cash flows. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately
seven years
. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.
132
Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
2023
2022
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Amounts recorded in
income
(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Amounts recorded in
income
(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
$
121
$
(
88
)
$
(
116
)
$
3,520
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
2023
2022
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Amounts recorded in
income
(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Amounts recorded in
income
(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
$
205
$
(
1,092
)
$
(
247
)
$
3,858
(a)
Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. The Firm elects to record changes in fair value of these amounts directly in other income.
(b)
Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income on the sale or liquidation of hedged entities. Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income on the sale or liquidation of hedged entities. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm reclassified a pre-tax loss of $
41
million to other revenue related to the acquisition of CIFM. The amounts reclassified for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were
not
material. Refer to Note 21 for further information.
133
Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes
The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from mortgage commitments, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, and foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities.
Derivatives gains/(losses)
recorded in income
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Contract type
Interest rate
(a)
$
(
112
)
$
(
309
)
$
(
126
)
$
(
538
)
Credit
(b)
(
67
)
89
(
163
)
122
Foreign exchange
(c)
41
6
43
(
76
)
Total
$
(
138
)
$
(
214
)
$
(
246
)
$
(
492
)
(a)
Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.
(b)
Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)
Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives
The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Note 6 for information on principal transactions revenue.
134
Credit derivatives
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives. The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
Maximum payout/Notional amount
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings
(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased
(d)
Other protection purchased
(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps
$
(
649,720
)
$
677,813
$
28,093
$
5,774
Other credit derivatives
(a)
(
55,887
)
73,831
17,944
13,765
Total credit derivatives
(
705,607
)
751,644
46,037
19,539
Credit-related notes
(b)
—
—
—
8,064
Total
$
(
705,607
)
$
751,644
$
46,037
$
27,603
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2022 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings
(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased
(d)
Other protection purchased
(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps
$
(
495,557
)
$
509,846
$
14,289
$
2,917
Other credit derivatives
(a)
(
47,165
)
65,029
17,864
11,746
Total credit derivatives
(
542,722
)
574,875
32,153
14,663
Credit-related notes
(b)
—
—
—
7,863
Total
$
(
542,722
)
$
574,875
$
32,153
$
22,526
(a)
Other credit derivatives predominantly consist of credit swap options and total return swaps.
(b)
Represents Other protection purchased by CIB, primarily in its market-making businesses.
(c)
Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(d)
Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(e)
Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument.
The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings, maturity profile, and total fair value, of credit derivatives as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.
Protection sold — credit derivatives ratings
(a)
/maturity profile
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total
notional amount
Fair value of receivables
(b)
Fair value of payables
(b)
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade
$
(
103,323
)
$
(
412,661
)
$
(
37,836
)
$
(
553,820
)
$
4,357
$
(
1,281
)
$
3,076
Noninvestment-grade
(
38,784
)
(
106,800
)
(
6,203
)
(
151,787
)
2,575
(
3,606
)
(
1,031
)
Total
$
(
142,107
)
$
(
519,461
)
$
(
44,039
)
$
(
705,607
)
$
6,932
$
(
4,887
)
$
2,045
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total
notional amount
Fair value of receivables
(b)
Fair value of payables
(b)
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade
$
(
90,484
)
$
(
294,791
)
$
(
30,822
)
$
(
416,097
)
$
2,324
$
(
1,495
)
$
829
Noninvestment-grade
(
33,244
)
(
87,011
)
(
6,370
)
(
126,625
)
1,267
(
3,209
)
(
1,942
)
Total
$
(
123,728
)
$
(
381,802
)
$
(
37,192
)
$
(
542,722
)
$
3,591
$
(
4,704
)
$
(
1,113
)
(a)
The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)
Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements including cash collateral netting.
135
Note 6 –
Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense
Noninterest revenue
Refer to Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue.
Investment banking fees
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Underwriting
Equity
$
317
$
230
$
550
$
472
Debt
704
711
1,376
1,685
Total underwriting
1,021
941
1,926
2,157
Advisory
492
645
1,236
1,437
Total investment banking fees
$
1,513
$
1,586
$
3,162
$
3,594
Principal transactions
The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities in CIB and fund deployment activities in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Note 7 for further information on interest income and interest expense.
Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual LOB.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate
(a)
$
1,781
$
376
$
3,567
$
845
Credit
(b)
419
279
(c)
1,053
736
(c)
Foreign exchange
1,435
1,425
2,986
2,749
Equity
2,941
2,303
5,634
4,558
Commodity
368
499
1,294
1,246
Total trading revenue
6,944
4,882
14,534
10,134
Private equity gains/(losses)
(
34
)
108
(
9
)
(
39
)
Principal transactions
$
6,910
$
4,990
$
14,525
$
10,095
(a)
Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.
(b)
Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.
(c)
Includes markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio.
Lending- and deposit-related fees
The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Lending-related fees
(a)
$
590
$
362
$
959
$
724
Deposit-related fees
1,238
1,511
2,489
2,988
Total lending- and deposit-related fees
$
1,828
$
1,873
$
3,448
$
3,712
(a) Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
Deposit-related fees include the impact of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees.
Asset management fees
The following table presents the components of asset management fees.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Asset management fees
Investment management fees
(a)(b)
$
3,695
$
3,425
$
7,085
$
6,987
All other asset management fees
(c)
79
92
154
182
Total asset management fees
$
3,774
$
3,517
$
7,239
$
7,169
(a)
Represents fees earned from managing assets on behalf of the Firm’s clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts.
(b)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(c)
Represents fees for services that are ancillary to investment management services, such as commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients.
Commissions and other fees
The following table presents the components of commissions and other fees.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Commissions and other fees
Brokerage commissions
(a)
$
722
$
738
$
1,469
$
1,548
Administration fees
(b)
575
590
1,132
1,223
All other commissions and fees
(c)
442
395
833
662
Total commissions and other fees
$
1,739
$
1,723
$
3,434
$
3,433
(a)
Represents commissions earned when the Firm acts as a broker, by facilitating its clients’ purchases and sales of securities and other financial instruments.
(b)
Predominantly includes fees for custody, securities lending, funds services and securities clearance.
(c)
Includes travel-related and annuity sales commissions, depositary receipt-related service fees, as well as other service fees, which are recognized as revenue when the services are rendered.
136
Card income
The following
table presents the components of card income.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Interchange and merchant processing income
$
7,885
$
7,214
$
15,024
$
13,449
Rewards costs and partner payments
(
6,392
)
(
5,641
)
(
11,901
)
(
10,511
)
Other card income
(a)
(
399
)
(
440
)
(
795
)
(
830
)
Total card income
$
1,094
$
1,133
$
2,328
$
2,108
(a)
Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees.
Refer to Note 15 for further information on
mortgage fees and related income.
Other
i
ncome
This revenue category includes operating lease income, as well as losses associated with the Firm’s tax-oriented investments, predominantly alternative energy equity-method investments in CIB.
The following table presents certain components of other income:
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Operating lease
income
$
716
$
945
$
1,471
$
1,993
Losses on tax-oriented investments
(a)
(
462
)
(
427
)
(
874
)
(
835
)
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition
(b)
2,712
—
2,712
—
Gain related to the acquisition of CIFM
(c)
—
—
339
(a) The losses associated with these tax-oriented investments are more than offset by lower income tax expense from the associated tax credits.
(b) Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
(c) Gain on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining
51
% of the entity.
Refer to Note 17 for information on operating lease income included within other income.
Noninterest expense
Other expense
Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income includes the following:
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Legal expense
$
420
$
73
$
596
$
192
FDIC-related expense
338
216
655
414
First Republic-related expense
(a)
599
—
599
—
(a) Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
FDIC Special Assessment
In May 2023, the FDIC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking recommending a special assessment related to the systemic risk determination made on March 12, 2023, to recover losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF") arising from the protection of uninsured depositors resulting from recent bank resolutions. In its current form, the rule would impose a special assessment at an annual rate of 12.5 basis points on certain banks’ estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022. The Firm expects to be subject to special assessments imposed by the FDIC to recover losses to the DIF.
137
Note 7 –
Interest income and Interest expense
Refer to Note 7 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense.
The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Interest income
Loans
(a)
$
20,306
$
11,626
$
38,014
$
22,259
Taxable securities
4,194
2,289
8,161
4,268
Non-taxable securities
(b)
343
245
591
490
Total investment securities
(a)
4,537
2,534
8,752
4,758
Trading assets - debt instruments
4,013
2,049
7,659
3,816
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
3,767
543
6,898
940
Securities borrowed
1,866
173
3,582
86
Deposits with banks
5,189
1,079
10,008
1,317
All other interest-earning assets
(c)
1,966
642
3,735
966
Total interest income
$
41,644
$
18,646
$
78,648
$
34,142
Interest expense
Interest-bearing deposits
$
9,591
$
898
$
17,228
$
1,080
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
3,400
445
6,204
558
Short-term borrowings
(d)
428
113
849
157
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing liabilities
(e)
2,373
471
4,344
662
Long-term debt
3,876
1,561
7,189
2,637
Beneficial interest issued by consolidated VIEs
197
30
344
48
Total interest expense
$
19,865
$
3,518
$
36,158
$
5,142
Net interest income
$
21,779
$
15,128
$
42,490
$
29,000
Provision for credit losses
2,899
1,101
5,174
2,564
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$
18,880
$
14,027
$
37,316
$
26,436
(a)
Includes the amortization/accretion of unearned income (e.g., purchase premiums/discounts and net deferred fees/costs).
(b)
Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(c)
Includes interest earned on brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)
Includes commercial paper.
(e)
All other interest-bearing liabilities includes interest expense on brokerage-related customer payables.
138
Note 8 –
Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans
Refer to Note 8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s pension and OPEB plans.
The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.
(in millions)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Pension and OPEB plans
Pension and OPEB plans
Total net periodic defined benefit plan cost/(credit)
$
(
94
)
$
(
75
)
$
(
188
)
$
(
139
)
Total defined contribution plans
397
357
762
701
Total pension and OPEB cost included in noninterest expense
$
303
$
282
$
574
$
562
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of plan assets for the Firm’s significant defined benefit pension and OPEB plans were $
20.5
billion and $
19.9
billion, respectively.
139
Note 9 –
Employee share-based incentives
Refer to Note 9 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee share-based incentives.
The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Cost of prior grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”) and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods
$
449
$
378
$
806
$
649
Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods, predominantly those to full-career eligible employees
385
441
898
976
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans
$
834
$
819
$
1,704
$
1,625
In the first quarter of 2023, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2022 performance year, the Firm granted
20
million RSUs and
801
thousand PSUs with weighted-average grant date fair values of $
138.57
per RSU and $
139.81
per PSU.
140
Note 10 –
Investment securities
Investment securities consist of debt securities that are classified as AFS or HTM. Debt securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO in connection with its asset-liability management activities. At June 30, 2023, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).
Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the portfolio layer method hedge accounting guidance which permitted a transfer of HTM securities to AFS upon adoption. The Firm
transferred obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with a carrying value of $
7.1
billion resulting in the recognition of $
38
million net pre-tax unrealized losses in AOCI. This transfer was a noncash transaction. Refer to Note 1 and Note 21 for additional information.
During 2022, the Firm transferred $
78.3
billion of investment securities from AFS to HTM for capital management purposes. AOCI included pretax unrealized losses of $
4.8
billion on the securities at the date of transfer.
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio.
The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Amortized cost
(c)(d)
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Amortized cost
(c)(d)
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
84,749
$
326
$
5,307
$
79,768
$
77,194
$
479
$
6,170
$
71,503
Residential:
U.S.
1,803
1
119
1,685
1,576
1
111
1,466
Non-U.S.
1,861
4
6
1,859
3,176
5
27
3,154
Commercial
2,223
1
168
2,056
2,113
—
155
1,958
Total mortgage-backed securities
90,636
332
5,600
85,368
84,059
485
6,463
78,081
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
63,998
297
1,558
62,737
95,217
302
3,459
92,060
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
24,279
172
428
24,023
7,103
86
403
6,786
Non-U.S. government debt securities
22,588
20
568
22,040
20,360
14
678
19,696
Corporate debt securities
410
—
22
388
381
—
24
357
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
5,506
3
72
5,437
5,916
1
125
5,792
Other
3,324
2
57
3,269
3,152
2
69
3,085
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value
basis adjustments
(a)
(
865
)
—
(
865
)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Total available-for-sale securities
209,876
826
7,440
203,262
(e)
216,188
890
11,221
205,857
Held-to-maturity securities
(b)
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
110,517
29
13,201
97,345
113,492
35
13,709
99,818
U.S. Residential
10,293
3
1,206
9,090
10,503
3
1,244
9,262
Commercial
10,712
7
741
9,978
10,361
10
734
9,637
Total mortgage-backed securities
131,522
39
15,148
116,413
134,356
48
15,687
118,717
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
202,655
—
16,825
185,830
207,463
—
18,363
189,100
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
11,617
44
758
10,903
19,747
53
1,080
18,720
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
61,095
42
951
60,186
61,414
4
1,522
59,896
Other
2,052
—
84
1,968
2,325
—
110
2,215
Total held-to-maturity securities
408,941
125
33,766
375,300
425,305
105
36,762
388,648
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
$
618,817
$
951
$
41,206
$
578,562
$
641,493
$
995
$
47,983
$
594,505
(a)
Represents the amount of portfolio layer method basis adjustments related to AFS securities hedged in a closed portfolio. Under U.S. GAAP portfolio layer method basis adjustments are not allocated to individual securities, however the amounts impact the unrealized gains or losses for the individual securities being hedged. Refer to Note 1 and Note 5 for additional information.
(b)
The Firm purchased $
520
million and $
4.1
billion of HTM securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $
14.3
billion and $
27.5
billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.
(c)
The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $
104
million and $
96
million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(d)
Excludes $
2.5
billion of accrued interest receivable at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Firm did
no
t reverse through interest income any accrued interest receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for accrued interest receivable on investment securities.
(e)
As of June 30, 2023, included $
25.8
billion of AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
141
AFS securities impairment
The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses by aging category for AFS securities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The tables exclude U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS with unrealized losses of $
6.9
billion and $
9.6
billion, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; changes in the value of these securities are generally driven by changes in interest rates rather than changes in their credit profile given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.
$
371
$
7
$
1,253
$
112
$
1,624
$
119
Non-U.S.
4
—
1,635
6
1,639
6
Commercial
154
3
1,761
165
1,915
168
Total mortgage-backed securities
529
10
4,649
283
5,178
293
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
10,757
123
1,961
305
12,718
428
Non-U.S. government debt securities
8,745
64
5,316
504
14,061
568
Corporate debt securities
123
2
77
20
200
22
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
20
—
5,066
72
5,086
72
Other
1,157
16
1,888
41
3,045
57
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
$
21,331
(a)
$
215
$
18,957
$
1,225
$
40,288
$
1,440
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
December 31, 2022 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.
$
1,187
$
71
$
260
$
40
$
1,447
$
111
Non-U.S.
2,848
25
70
2
2,918
27
Commercial
1,131
74
813
81
1,944
155
Total mortgage-backed securities
5,166
170
1,143
123
6,309
293
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
3,051
241
364
162
3,415
403
Non-U.S. government debt securities
6,941
321
3,848
357
10,789
678
Corporate debt securities
150
2
207
22
357
24
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
3,010
61
2,701
64
5,711
125
Other
2,586
51
256
18
2,842
69
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
$
20,904
$
846
$
8,519
$
746
$
29,423
$
1,592
(a)
Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition, primarily impacting obligations of U.S. states and municipalities. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
142
HTM securities – credit risk
Credit quality indicator
The primary credit quality indicator for HTM securities is the risk rating assigned to each security. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all HTM securities were rated investment grade and were current and accruing, with approximately
99
% and
98
% rated at least AA+, respectively.
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities
The allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $
104
million and $
47
million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which included a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the transfer of HTM securities to AFS for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for AFS and HTM securities.
Selected impacts of investment securities on the Consolidated statements of income
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Realized gains
$
198
$
69
$
329
$
82
Realized losses
(
1,098
)
(
222
)
(
2,097
)
(
629
)
Investment securities losses
$
(
900
)
$
(
153
)
$
(
1,768
)
$
(
547
)
Provision for credit losses
$
13
$
6
$
14
$
5
143
Contractual maturities and yields
The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at June 30, 2023, of JPMorgan Chase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.
By remaining maturity
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Due in one
year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after
10 years
(c)
Total
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
15
$
3,622
$
5,077
$
81,922
$
90,636
Fair value
14
3,488
5,057
76,809
85,368
(d)
Average yield
(a)
2.18
%
4.55
%
5.98
%
4.40
%
4.49
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost
$
7,471
$
36,773
$
13,276
$
6,478
$
63,998
Fair value
7,384
35,699
13,300
6,354
62,737
Average yield
(a)
0.35
%
4.56
%
5.97
%
6.52
%
4.56
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost
$
11
$
72
$
1,244
$
22,952
$
24,279
Fair value
11
70
1,243
22,699
24,023
(d)
Average yield
(a)
5.58
%
3.82
%
4.27
%
5.60
%
5.53
%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Amortized cost
$
13,373
$
3,423
$
3,352
$
2,440
$
22,588
Fair value
13,360
3,321
2,929
2,430
22,040
Average yield
(a)
4.78
%
2.97
%
1.23
%
3.61
%
3.86
%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost
$
199
$
227
$
14
$
—
$
440
Fair value
151
224
13
—
388
Average yield
(a)
15.97
%
11.75
%
4.10
%
—
%
13.42
%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
1,313
$
3,875
$
3,642
$
8,830
Fair value
—
1,291
3,836
3,579
8,706
(d)
Average yield
(a)
—
%
3.46
%
5.98
%
6.06
%
5.64
%
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost
(b)
$
21,069
$
45,430
$
26,838
$
117,434
$
210,771
Fair value
20,920
44,093
26,378
111,871
203,262
(d)
Average yield
(a)
3.32
%
4.44
%
5.30
%
4.78
%
4.63
%
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
99
$
3,835
$
10,482
$
117,142
$
131,558
Fair value
97
3,555
9,212
103,549
116,413
Average yield
(a)
6.21
%
2.75
%
2.53
%
2.99
%
2.95
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost
$
60,878
$
92,403
$
49,374
$
—
$
202,655
Fair value
59,517
85,053
41,260
—
185,830
Average yield
(a)
0.46
%
0.93
%
1.27
%
—
%
0.87
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
—
$
640
$
11,015
$
11,655
Fair value
—
—
608
10,295
10,903
Average yield
(a)
—
%
—
%
4.39
%
4.04
%
4.06
%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
74
$
21,388
$
41,685
$
63,147
Fair value
—
74
21,139
40,941
62,154
Average yield
(a)
—
%
6.15
%
5.87
%
6.00
%
5.96
%
Total held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost
(b)
$
60,977
$
96,312
$
81,884
$
169,842
$
409,015
Fair value
59,614
88,682
72,219
154,785
375,300
Average yield
(a)
0.47
%
1.00
%
2.66
%
3.80
%
2.42
%
(a)
Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives, including closed portfolio hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid. However, for certain callable debt securities, the average yield is calculated to the earliest call date.
(b)
For purposes of this table, the amortized cost of available-for-sale securities excludes the allowance for credit losses of $(
30
) million and the portfolio layer fair value hedge basis adjustments of $(
865
) million at June 30, 2023. The amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities also excludes the allowance for credit losses of $(
74
) million at June 30, 2023.
(c)
Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in
10
years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately
eight years
for agency residential MBS,
seven years
for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations, and
six years
for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.
(d)
Includes AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition, primarily impacting due after 10 years. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
144
Note 11 –
Securities financing activities
Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 25 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.
The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to a master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparty to reduce the economic exposure with the counterparty, but such collateral is not eligible for net Consolidated balance
sheet presentation. Where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the counterparty master netting agreement, such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented in the table below as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below. In transactions where the Firm is acting as the lender in a securities-for-securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, the Firm recognizes the securities received at fair value within other assets and the obligation to return those securities within accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets
(b)
Net
amounts
(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
561,426
$
(
235,867
)
$
325,559
$
(
319,986
)
$
5,573
Securities borrowed
205,579
(
42,016
)
163,563
(
119,543
)
44,020
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
496,866
$
(
235,867
)
$
260,999
$
(
226,664
)
$
34,335
Securities loaned and other
(a)
50,551
(
42,016
)
8,535
(
8,457
)
78
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets
(b)
Net
amounts
(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
597,912
$
(
282,411
)
$
315,501
$
(
304,120
)
$
11,381
Securities borrowed
228,279
(
42,910
)
185,369
(
131,578
)
53,791
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
480,793
$
(
282,411
)
$
198,382
$
(
167,427
)
$
30,955
Securities loaned and other
(a)
52,443
(
42,910
)
9,533
(
9,527
)
6
(a)
Includes securities-for-securities lending agreements of $
5.0
billion and $
7.0
billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender.
(b)
In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related net asset or liability with that counterparty.
(c)
Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, included $
4.5
billion and $
6.0
billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $
39.6
billion and $
49.0
billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $
33.3
billion and $
29.1
billion, respectively, of securities sold under repurchase agreements; and securities loaned and other which were not material at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
145
The tables below present as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.
Gross liability balance
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other
Mortgage-backed securities
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
72,006
$
—
$
58,050
$
—
Residential - nonagency
2,333
—
2,414
—
Commercial - nonagency
2,178
—
2,007
—
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies
223,411
987
191,254
1,464
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,038
—
1,735
5
Non-U.S. government debt
127,427
1,509
155,156
1,259
Corporate debt securities
36,575
1,882
37,121
461
Asset-backed securities
3,816
—
2,981
—
Equity securities
27,082
46,173
30,075
49,254
Total
$
496,866
$
50,551
$
480,793
$
52,443
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous
Greater than
90 days
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
268,240
$
120,621
$
30,120
$
77,885
$
496,866
Total securities loaned and other
49,166
243
2
1,140
50,551
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous
Greater than
90 days
December 31, 2022 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
205,235
$
170,696
$
37,120
$
67,742
$
480,793
Total securities loaned and other
50,138
1,285
3
1,017
52,443
Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting
At both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Firm held $
692
million of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded predominantly in short-term borrowings on the Consolidated balance sheets.
146
Note 12 –
Loans
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
•
Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”)
•
Loans held-for-sale
•
Loans at fair value
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies. Refer to Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm's elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. Refer to Note 2 of this Form 10-Q for information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.
On January 1, 2023 the Firm adopted the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures accounting guidance as discussed in Note 1. The adoption of this guidance eliminated the existing accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs, and implemented additional disclosure requirements for FDMs. The disclosure requirements for FDMs are effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion on loan modifications prior to January 1, 2023, which were accounted for and reported as TDRs. This new guidance also requires disclosure of current period gross charge-offs by vintage origination year, effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.
Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio, including loans of $
149.8
billion associated with the First Republic acquisition, is divided into
three
portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
(c)(d)
• Residential real estate
(a)
• Auto and other
(b)
• Credit card loans
• Secured by real estate
• Commercial and industrial
• Other
(e)
(a)
Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.
(b)
Includes scored auto, business banking loans and overdrafts in BWM and other consumer unsecured loans in CIB.
(c)
Includes loans held in CIB, CB, AWM, Corporate as well as risk-rated BWM and auto dealer loans held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.
(d)
The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the bank regulatory agencies, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.
(e)
Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB). Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.
June 30, 2023
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
(b)(c)
(in millions)
Retained
$
396,195
(a)
$
191,348
$
668,145
(a)
$
1,255,688
Held-for-sale
549
—
5,043
5,592
At fair value
11,460
(a)
—
27,329
38,789
Total
$
408,204
$
191,348
$
700,517
$
1,300,069
December 31, 2022
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
(b)(c)
(in millions)
Retained
$
300,753
$
185,175
$
603,670
$
1,089,598
Held-for-sale
618
—
3,352
3,970
At fair value
10,004
—
32,075
42,079
Total
$
311,375
$
185,175
$
639,097
$
1,135,647
(a)
Includes loans associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of $
91.9
billion of retained loans and $
1.9
billion loans at fair value in consumer, excluding credit card and $
56.0
billion of retained loans in wholesale.
(b)
Excludes $
6.0
billion and $
5.2
billion of accrued interest receivables as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivables written off was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(c)
Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
147
The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of this table.
2023
2022
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Purchases
$
92,002
(b)(c)(d)
$
—
$
58,398
(b)
$
150,400
$
973
(c)(d)
$
—
$
228
$
1,201
Sales
438
—
9,709
10,147
82
—
12,005
12,087
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
(a)
81
—
771
852
66
—
415
481
2023
2022
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Purchases
$
92,081
(b)(c)(d)
$
—
$
58,561
(b)
$
150,642
$
1,092
(c)(d)
$
—
$
394
$
1,486
Sales
438
—
18,880
19,318
129
—
21,712
21,841
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
(a)
124
—
1,085
1,209
142
—
688
830
(a)
Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.
(b)
Includes loans acquired in the First Republic acquisition consisting of $
91.9
billion in Consumer, excluding credit card and $
58.4
billion in Wholesale.
(c)
Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.
(d)
Excludes purchases of retained loans of $
1.6
billion and $
6.0
billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and $
2.3
billion and $
9.2
billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.
Gains and losses on sales of loans
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value) recognized in noninterest revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, was $
14
million and $
37
million, respectively, of which $
16
million and $
43
million, respectively, related to loans. Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was $(
352
) million and $(
314
) million, respectively, of which $(
67
) million and $(
32
) million, respectively, related to loans. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.
148
Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of scored residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto and business banking loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. The portfolio also includes home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.
The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Residential real estate
$
328,010
(a)
$
237,561
Auto and other
68,185
63,192
Total retained loans
$
396,195
$
300,753
(a)
Included $
91.9
billion of loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer credit quality indicators.
149
Residential real estate
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained residential real estate loans.
The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year
(f)
Revolving loans
Total
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency
(a)(b)
Current
(c)
$
13,596
$
65,317
$
86,325
$
57,052
$
22,211
$
65,271
$
7,584
$
8,877
$
326,233
30–149 days past due
3
19
44
29
41
710
39
216
1,101
150 or more days past due
—
6
2
6
10
473
3
176
676
Total retained loans
$
13,599
$
65,342
$
86,371
$
57,087
$
22,262
$
66,454
$
7,626
$
9,269
$
328,010
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
(d)(e)
0.02
%
0.04
%
0.05
%
0.06
%
0.23
%
1.75
%
0.55
%
4.23
%
0.54
%
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
52
$
14
$
4
$
70
(in millions, except ratios)
December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year
(f)
Revolving loans
Total
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior to 2018
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency
(a)(b)
Current
$
39,934
$
66,072
$
43,315
$
15,397
$
6,339
$
49,632
$
5,589
$
9,685
$
235,963
30–149 days past due
29
11
14
20
20
597
15
208
914
150 or more days past due
1
1
6
10
7
480
4
175
684
Total retained loans
$
39,964
$
66,084
$
43,335
$
15,427
$
6,366
$
50,709
$
5,608
$
10,068
$
237,561
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
(d)
0.08
%
0.02
%
0.05
%
0.19
%
0.42
%
2.07
%
0.34
%
3.80
%
0.66
%
(a)
Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
(b)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which are still within their deferral period and performing according to their modified terms are generally not considered delinquent.
(c)
Included $
5.6
billion, $
26.2
billion, $
22.0
billion, $
15.0
billion, $
7.5
billion, and $
12.9
billion of term loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, and $
2.5
billion of revolving loans within the revolving period associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)
Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(e)
Included $
158
million of 30+ days past due loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)
Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.
Approximately
37
% of the total revolving loans are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien loans. The lien position the Firm holds is considered in the Firm’s allowance for credit losses. Revolving loans that have been converted to term loans have higher delinquency rates than those that are still within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for revolving loans within the revolving period.
150
Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.
(in millions, except weighted-average data)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual loans
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$
3,641
$
3,745
Current estimated LTV ratios
(f)(g)(h)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
$
68
$
2
Less than 660
5
—
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
569
174
Less than 660
11
6
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
17,260
(l)
12,034
Less than 660
254
184
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
298,791
(l)
215,096
Less than 660
9,526
(l)
8,659
No FICO/LTV available
1,526
1,406
(k)
Total retained loans
$
328,010
(m)
$
237,561
Weighted average LTV ratio
(f)(i)
51
%
51
%
Weighted average FICO
(g)(i)
771
769
Geographic region
(j)(k)
California
$
128,038
(n)
$
73,112
New York
49,413
(n)
34,471
Florida
22,518
(n)
18,870
Texas
15,448
14,968
Massachusetts
14,351
(n)
6,380
Illinois
11,052
11,296
Colorado
10,765
9,968
Washington
9,778
9,060
New Jersey
8,106
7,108
Connecticut
7,142
5,432
All other
51,399
46,896
Total retained loans
$
328,010
(m)
$
237,561
(a)
I
ncludes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At June 30, 2023, approximately
9
% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.
(b)
Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(c)
Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(d)
Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $
44
million and $
45
million and $
89
million and $
90
million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(e)
Generally excludes loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
(f)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(g)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.
(h)
Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.
(i)
Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.
(j)
The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2023.
(k)
Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
(l)
Included $
4.3
billion in equal to or greater than 660 FICO scores within 80% to 100% LTV ratio, and $
85.3
billion and $
1.2
billion in equal to or greater than 660 and less than 660 FICO scores, respectively, within less than 80% LTV ratio associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(m)
Included $
91.9
billion of loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(n)
Included $
55.5
billion, $
15.2
billion, $
3.6
billion and $
8.0
billion in California, New York, Florida and Massachusetts, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
151
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of residential real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs. The Firm's proprietary modification programs as well as government programs, including U.S. GSE programs, that generally provide various modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delay and principal forgiveness that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement, are considered FDMs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, residential real estate FDMs were $
35
million and $
75
million, respectively. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were largely in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by
15
years and
18
years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from
6.90
% to
4.21
% and
6.75
% to
4.01
% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were
no
additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs. In addition to FDMs, the Firm also had $
33
million and $
48
million of loans subject to a trial modification, and $
3
million and $
5
million of Chapter 7 loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. Accordingly, trial modifications and Chapter 7 loans were considered TDRs, but not FDMs.
For periods ending prior to January 1, 2023, modifications of residential real estate loans where the Firm granted concessions to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty were generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, new TDRs were $
115
million and $
233
million, respectively. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose residential real estate loans have been modified in TDRs. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on TDRs.
Nature and extent of modifications
The following table provides information about how residential real estate loans were modified in TDRs during the period presented.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2022
2022
Number of loans approved for a trial modification
1,165
2,691
Number of loans permanently modified
1,289
2,831
Concession granted:
(a)
Interest rate reduction
45
%
56
%
Term or payment extension
54
67
Principal and/or interest deferred
10
12
Principal forgiveness
1
1
Other
(b)
46
36
(a)
Represents concessions granted in permanent modifications as a percentage of the number of loans permanently modified. The sum of the percentages exceeds
100
% because predominantly all of the modifications include more than one type of concession. Concessions offered on trial modifications are generally consistent with those granted on permanent modifications.
(b)
Includes variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications and payment delays that meet the definition of a TDR.
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following table provides information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted in modifications of residential real estate loans and about redefaults of certain loans modified in TDRs for the period presented.
(in millions, except weighted-average data)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2022
2022
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
4.76
%
4.55
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
3.36
3.31
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
22
23
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
38
39
Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification
$
1
$
1
Principal deferred
4
11
Principal forgiven
—
1
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification
(a)
$
27
$
70
(a)
Represents loans permanently modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the period presented, and for which the payment default occurred within
one year
of the modification. The dollar amount presented represents the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which such loans defaulted.
152
Active and suspended foreclosure
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Firm had residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $
566
million and $
565
million, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.
Auto and other
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained auto and other loans.
The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current
$
17,763
$
18,062
$
16,287
$
8,801
$
2,765
$
1,041
$
2,544
$
113
$
67,376
30–119 days past due
121
234
216
79
48
28
14
15
755
120 or more days past due
—
1
25
13
—
1
2
12
54
Total retained loans
$
17,884
$
18,297
$
16,528
$
8,893
$
2,813
$
1,070
$
2,560
$
140
$
68,185
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
(a)
0.68
%
1.28
%
1.26
%
0.83
%
1.71
%
2.71
%
0.63
%
19.29
%
1.11
%
Gross charge-offs
$
106
$
168
$
82
$
28
$
16
$
30
$
—
$
1
$
431
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior to 2018
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current
$
22,187
$
20,212
$
11,401
$
3,991
$
1,467
$
578
$
2,342
$
118
$
62,296
30–119 days past due
263
308
100
68
33
17
12
10
811
120 or more days past due
—
53
24
—
—
1
2
5
85
Total retained loans
$
22,450
$
20,573
$
11,525
$
4,059
$
1,500
$
596
$
2,356
$
133
$
63,192
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
(a)
1.17
%
1.15
%
0.83
%
1.68
%
2.20
%
3.02
%
0.59
%
11.28
%
1.18
%
(a)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, auto and other loans excluded $
50
million and $
153
million, respectively, of PPP loans guaranteed by the SBA that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the SBA guarantee.
153
Nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained auto and other consumer loans.
(in millions)
Total Auto and other
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual loans
(a)(b)(c)
$
143
$
129
Geographic region
(d)
California
$
10,353
$
9,689
Texas
8,070
7,216
Florida
5,344
4,847
New York
4,634
4,345
Illinois
3,062
2,839
New Jersey
2,462
2,219
Pennsylvania
1,873
1,822
Georgia
1,858
1,708
Arizona
1,700
1,551
Ohio
1,672
1,603
All other
27,157
25,353
Total retained loans
$
68,185
$
63,192
(a)
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded $
39
million and $
101
million, respectively, of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA, of which $
38
million and $
76
million, respectively, were no longer accruing interest based on the guidelines set by the SBA. Typically the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting the guidelines set by the SBA. There were
no
loans that were not guaranteed by the SBA that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(b)
Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(c)
Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
.
(d)
The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2023.
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of auto and other loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs. For the
three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, auto and other FDMs were not material and there were
no
additional commitments to lend to borrowers modified as FDMs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, auto and other TDRs were not material.
154
Credit card loan portfolio
The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans.
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the credit card loan portfolio, including credit quality indicators.
The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due
and still accruing
$
187,340
$
755
$
188,095
30–89 days past due and still accruing
1,580
68
1,648
90 or more days past due and still accruing
1,570
35
1,605
Total retained loans
$
190,490
$
858
$
191,348
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
1.65
%
12.00
%
1.70
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
0.82
4.08
0.84
Gross charge-offs
$
2,357
$
75
$
2,432
(in millions, except ratios)
December 31, 2022
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due
and still accruing
$
181,793
$
696
$
182,489
30–89 days past due and still accruing
1,356
64
1,420
90 or more days past due and still accruing
1,230
36
1,266
Total retained loans
$
184,379
$
796
$
185,175
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
1.40
%
12.56
%
1.45
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
0.67
4.52
0.68
Other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Geographic region
(a)
California
$
29,258
$
28,154
Texas
19,992
19,171
New York
15,511
15,046
Florida
13,439
12,905
Illinois
10,457
10,089
New Jersey
7,902
7,643
Ohio
5,898
5,792
Colorado
5,840
5,493
Pennsylvania
5,549
5,517
Arizona
4,647
4,487
All other
72,855
70,878
Total retained loans
$
191,348
$
185,175
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660
86.4
%
86.8
%
Less than 660
13.4
13.0
No FICO available
0.2
0.2
(a)
The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2023.
155
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of credit card loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs. These modifications involve placing the customer on a fixed payment plan, generally for
60
months, and typically include reducing the interest rate on the credit card under long-term programs. If the cardholder does not comply with the modified payment terms, then the credit card loan continues to age and will ultimately be charged-off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy. In most cases, the Firm does not reinstate the borrower's line of credit.
The following tables provide information on credit card loan modifications considered FDMs.
Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Amortized
cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans
Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Term extension and interest rate reduction
(a)(b)
$
181
0.09
%
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from
23.27
% to
3.57
%
Total
$
181
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Amortized
cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans
Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Term extension and interest rate reduction
(a)(b)
$
326
0.17
%
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from
22.96
% to
3.54
%
Total
$
326
(a)
Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer on a fixed payment plan.
(b)
The interest rates represent weighted average at enrollment.
For both the
three and six months ended
June 30, 2023, the Firm also had $
26
million of loans subject to trial modifications. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the
TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. A
ccordingly, trial modifications are not considered FDMs.
The following table provides information on the payment status of FDMs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
(in millions)
Amortized cost basis
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
128
$
264
30-89 days past due and still accruing
32
38
90 or more days past due and still accruing
21
24
Total
$
181
$
326
There were $
6
million FDMs that re-defaulted during both the
three and six months ended
June 30, 2023 which were a combination of term extension and interest rate reduction.
For credit card loans modified as FDMs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the borrower misses
two
consecutive contractual payments. Defaulted modified credit card loans remain in the modification program and continue to be charged off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy.
For periods ending prior to January 1, 2023, modifications of credit card loans where the Firm granted concessions to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty were generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on TDRs.
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following table provides information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and redefaults. New enrollments were less than
1
% of total retained credit card loans.
(in millions, except
weighted-average data)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2022
2022
Balance of new TDRs
(a)
$
81
$
163
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR
18.94
%
18.47
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR
4.62
4.75
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of modification
(b)
$
8
$
17
(a)
Represents the outstanding balance prior to modification.
(b)
Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the period presented, and for which the payment default occurred within
one year
of the modification. The amount presented represents the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.
156
Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients, to small businesses and high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the internal risk rating assigned to each loan. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on these risk ratings.
Internal risk rating is the primary credit quality indicator for retained wholesale loans. The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
(b)
Total retained loans
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
120,652
$
99,552
$
74,505
$
76,275
$
256,821
$
249,585
$
451,978
$
425,412
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized
36,387
23,272
84,133
81,393
77,360
57,888
197,880
162,553
Criticized performing
4,314
3,662
9,980
8,974
1,400
1,106
15,694
13,742
Criticized nonaccrual
518
246
1,437
1,018
638
699
2,593
1,963
Total noninvestment-grade
41,219
27,180
95,550
91,385
79,398
59,693
216,167
178,258
Total retained loans
(a)
$
161,871
$
126,732
$
170,055
$
167,660
$
336,219
$
309,278
$
668,145
$
603,670
% of investment-grade to total retained loans
74.54
%
78.55
%
43.81
%
45.49
%
76.39
%
80.70
%
67.65
%
70.47
%
% of total criticized to total retained loans
2.99
3.08
6.71
5.96
0.61
0.58
2.74
2.60
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans
0.32
0.19
0.85
0.61
0.19
0.23
0.39
0.33
(a)
As of June 30, 2023 included $
33.9
billion of Secured by real estate loans, $
3.9
billion of Commercial and industrial loans, and $
18.2
billion of Other loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)
Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and
J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB
). Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
Secured by real estate
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
6,381
$
29,986
$
26,336
$
17,251
$
16,256
$
23,159
$
1,283
$
—
$
120,652
Noninvestment-grade
2,606
11,527
8,058
4,225
4,270
9,251
1,280
2
41,219
Total retained loans
(a)
$
8,987
$
41,513
$
34,394
$
21,476
$
20,526
$
32,410
$
2,563
$
2
$
161,871
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
25
$
21
$
—
$
—
$
47
$
—
$
—
$
93
Secured by real estate
(in millions)
December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior to 2018
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
24,134
$
22,407
$
14,773
$
14,666
$
5,277
$
17,289
$
1,006
$
—
$
99,552
Noninvestment-grade
6,072
5,602
3,032
3,498
2,395
5,659
920
2
27,180
Total retained loans
$
30,206
$
28,009
$
17,805
$
18,164
$
7,672
$
22,948
$
1,926
$
2
$
126,732
(a) As of June 30, 2023 included $
3.0
billion, $
11.0
billion, $
6.3
billion, $
4.4
billion, $
3.0
billion, and $
5.4
billion of retained loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, and $
799
million of revolving loans within the revolving period associated with the First Republic acquisition.
157
Commercial and industrial
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
10,777
$
12,726
$
6,324
$
2,510
$
1,314
$
1,268
$
39,585
$
1
$
74,505
Noninvestment-grade
10,510
19,667
11,130
2,827
1,828
1,445
48,051
92
95,550
Total retained loans
(a)
$
21,287
$
32,393
$
17,454
$
5,337
$
3,142
$
2,713
$
87,636
$
93
$
170,055
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
6
$
20
$
1
$
2
$
6
$
149
$
4
$
188
Commercial and industrial
(in millions)
December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior to 2018
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
21,072
$
8,338
$
3,045
$
1,995
$
748
$
989
$
40,087
$
1
$
76,275
Noninvestment-grade
24,088
12,444
3,459
2,506
525
1,014
47,267
82
91,385
Total retained loans
$
45,160
$
20,782
$
6,504
$
4,501
$
1,273
$
2,003
$
87,354
$
83
$
167,660
(a) As of June 30, 2023 included $
231
million, $
764
million, $
444
million, $
346
million, $
92
million, and $
270
million of retained loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, and $
1.7
billion of revolving loans within the revolving period associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Other
(a)
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
24,067
$
21,496
$
11,927
$
10,970
$
4,139
$
7,700
$
173,951
$
2,571
$
256,821
Noninvestment-grade
6,821
12,769
6,803
2,368
760
2,083
47,735
59
79,398
Total retained loans
(b)
$
30,888
$
34,265
$
18,730
$
13,338
$
4,899
$
9,783
$
221,686
$
2,630
$
336,219
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
5
$
5
$
—
$
—
$
3
$
—
$
13
Other
(a)
(in millions)
December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior to 2018
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
32,121
$
15,864
$
13,015
$
4,529
$
2,159
$
7,251
$
171,049
$
3,597
$
249,585
Noninvestment-grade
16,829
7,096
1,821
699
451
475
32,240
82
59,693
Total retained loans
$
48,950
$
22,960
$
14,836
$
5,228
$
2,610
$
7,726
$
203,289
$
3,679
$
309,278
(a)
Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM
and
J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB
)
. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
(b)
As of June 30, 2023 included $
128
million, $
615
million, $
708
million, $
877
million, $
168
million, and $
1.3
billion of retained loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, $
14.3
billion of revolving loans within the revolving period, and $
55
million converted to term loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
158
The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination.
(in millions, except ratios)
Multifamily
Other commercial
Total retained loans secured by real estate
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Retained loans secured by real estate
$
100,732
$
79,139
$
61,139
$
47,593
$
161,871
(a)
$
126,732
Criticized
2,141
1,916
2,691
1,992
4,832
3,908
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate
2.13
%
2.42
%
4.40
%
4.19
%
2.99
%
3.08
%
Criticized nonaccrual
$
56
$
51
$
462
$
195
$
518
$
246
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate
0.06
%
0.06
%
0.76
%
0.41
%
0.32
%
0.19
%
(a) Included $
21.0
billion and $
13.0
billion of Multifamily and Other commercial loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Geographic distribution and delinquency
The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.
Secured by real estate
Commercial
and industrial
Other
Total
retained loans
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Loans by geographic distribution
(a)(b)
Total U.S.
$
158,936
$
123,740
$
129,316
$
125,324
$
257,319
$
230,525
$
545,571
$
479,589
Total non-U.S.
2,935
2,992
40,739
42,336
78,900
78,753
122,574
124,081
Total retained loans
$
161,871
$
126,732
$
170,055
$
167,660
$
336,219
$
309,278
$
668,145
$
603,670
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
161,138
$
126,083
$
167,082
$
165,415
$
334,237
$
307,511
$
662,457
$
599,009
30–89 days past due and still accruing
215
402
1,317
1,127
1,232
1,015
2,764
2,544
90 or more days past due and still accruing
(c)
—
1
219
100
112
53
331
154
Criticized nonaccrual
518
246
1,437
1,018
638
699
2,593
1,963
Total retained loans
$
161,871
$
126,732
$
170,055
$
167,660
$
336,219
$
309,278
$
668,145
$
603,670
(a)
The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)
Borrowers associated with the First Republic acquisition are predominantly domiciled in the U.S.
(c)
Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.
Nonaccrual loans
The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.
(in millions)
Secured by real estate
Commercial
and industrial
Other
Total
retained loans
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance
$
281
$
172
$
1,035
$
686
$
340
$
487
$
1,656
$
1,345
Without an allowance
(a)
237
74
402
332
298
212
937
618
Total
nonaccrual loans
(b)
$
518
$
246
$
1,437
$
1,018
$
638
$
699
$
2,593
$
1,963
(a)
When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
159
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of wholesale loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs.
The following tables provide information about Commercial and industrial and Other loan modifications considered FDMs.
(in millions)
Commercial and industrial
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modification
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Single modifications
Term extension
$
306
0.18
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of
8
months
$
423
0.25
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of
10
months
Other-than-insignificant payment delay
5
—
%
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
5
—
%
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications
Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
$
1
—
%
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by -
191
bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of
17
months
$
1
—
%
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by -
191
bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of
17
months
Term extension and principal forgiveness
—
—
%
40
0.02
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of
64
months and reduced amortized cost basis of the loans by $
23
mm
Total
$
312
$
469
(in millions)
Other
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans
Financial effect of loan modification
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans
Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Single modifications
Interest rate reduction
$
11
—
%
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by
654
bps
$
11
—
%
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by
654
bps
Term extension
38
0.01
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of
3
months
54
0.02
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of
6
months
Multiple modifications
Payment Delay and Term Extension
$
235
0.07
%
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of
144
months
$
235
0.07
%
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of
144
months
Total
$
284
$
300
The following tables provide information on the payment status of Commercial and industrial and Other FDMs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Amortized cost basis
Commercial and industrial
Other
(in millions)
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
242
$
331
$
—
$
—
30-89 days past due and still accruing
—
—
—
—
90 or more days past due and still accruing
3
3
—
—
Criticized nonaccrual
67
135
284
300
Total
$
312
$
469
$
284
$
300
160
The following table provides information on Commercial and industrial FDMs that re-defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. There were no Other FDM re-defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
(in millions)
Amortized cost basis
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Loan modification
Term extension
3
7
Total
(a)
3
7
(a)
Represents FDMs that were 30 days or more past due
Additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose Commercial and industrial loans have been modified as FDMs were $
438
million and $
1.3
billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
There were
no
additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties whose Other loans have been modified as FDMs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, Secured by real estate FDMs were $
77
million and $
85
million respectively. The financial effects of FDMs were largely term extensions which extended the loans by a weighted-average of
nine months
. There were
no
re-defaults during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $
1
million in modified term extensions that re-defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2023. There were
no
additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Prior to January 1, 2023, certain loan modifications were considered TDRs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, new TDRs were $
60
million and $
479
million, respectively. New TDRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 reflected extended maturity dates and covenant waivers primarily in the Commercial and Industrial loan class. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the impact of these modifications were not material to the Firm.
As a result of the elimination of the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession, the population of loans considered FDMs is greater than those previously considered TDRs.
161
Note 13 –
Allowance for credit losses
The Firm's allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
On January 1, 2023 the Firm adopted the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance as described in Note 1.
The adoption of this guidance eliminated the requirement to measure the allowance for TDRs using a DCF methodology and allowed the option of a non-DCF portfolio-based approach for modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. If a DCF methodology is still applied for these modified loans, the discount rate must be the post-modification effective interest rate, instead of the pre-modification effective interest rate.
The Firm elected to change from an asset-specific allowance approach to its non-DCF, portfolio-based allowance approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers for all portfolios except collateral-dependent loans and nonaccrual risk-rated loans, for which the asset-specific allowance approach will continue to apply.
This guidance was adopted under the modified retrospective method which resulted in a net decrease to the allowance for credit losses of $
587
million and an increase to retained earnings of $
446
million, after-tax predominantly driven by residential real estate and credit card.
Refer to Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies.
162
Allowance for credit losses and related information
The table below summarizes information about the allowances for credit losses and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Note 10 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the allowance for credit losses on investment securities.
2023
2022
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
2,040
$
11,200
$
6,486
$
19,726
$
1,765
$
10,250
$
4,371
$
16,386
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
(a)
(
489
)
(
100
)
2
(
587
)
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gross charge-offs
501
2,432
294
3,227
384
1,505
123
2,012
Gross recoveries collected
(
247
)
(
386
)
(
46
)
(
679
)
(
311
)
(
419
)
(
43
)
(
773
)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
254
2,046
248
2,548
73
1,086
80
1,239
Provision for loan losses
751
2,546
2,067
5,364
237
1,236
1,125
2,598
Other
—
—
25
25
—
—
5
5
Ending balance at June 30,
$
2,048
$
11,600
$
8,332
$
21,980
$
1,929
$
10,400
$
5,421
$
17,750
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
76
$
—
$
2,306
$
2,382
$
113
$
—
$
2,148
$
2,261
Provision for lending-related commitments
52
—
(
253
)
(
201
)
(
2
)
—
(
37
)
(
39
)
Other
1
—
4
5
(
1
)
—
1
—
Ending balance at June 30,
$
129
$
—
$
2,057
$
2,186
$
110
$
—
$
2,112
$
2,222
Total allowance for investment securities
104
NA
NA
NA
47
Total allowance for credit losses
(b)(c)
$
2,177
$
11,600
$
10,389
$
24,270
$
2,039
$
10,400
$
7,533
$
20,019
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
(d)
$
(
971
)
$
—
$
478
$
(
493
)
$
(
676
)
$
227
$
332
$
(
117
)
Portfolio-based
3,019
11,600
7,854
22,473
2,605
10,173
5,089
17,867
Total allowance for loan losses
$
2,048
$
11,600
$
8,332
$
21,980
$
1,929
$
10,400
$
5,421
$
17,750
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
(d)
$
3,439
$
—
$
2,587
$
6,026
$
12,683
$
827
$
2,408
$
15,918
Portfolio-based
392,756
191,348
665,558
1,249,662
289,948
164,667
581,857
1,036,472
Total retained loans
$
396,195
$
191,348
$
668,145
$
1,255,688
$
302,631
$
165,494
$
584,265
$
1,052,390
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs
$
5
$
—
$
77
$
82
$
(
15
)
$
—
$
8
$
(
7
)
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell
3,388
—
762
4,150
3,935
—
607
4,542
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
65
$
65
$
—
$
—
$
78
$
78
Portfolio-based
129
—
1,992
2,121
110
—
2,034
2,144
Total allowance for lending-related commitments
(e)
$
129
$
—
$
2,057
$
2,186
$
110
$
—
$
2,112
$
2,222
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
332
$
332
$
—
$
—
$
397
$
397
Portfolio-based
(f)
32,428
—
521,408
553,836
26,809
—
458,038
484,847
Total lending-related commitments
$
32,428
$
—
$
521,740
$
554,168
$
26,809
$
—
$
458,435
$
485,244
(a)
Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the adoption of the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings
accounting guidance
.
(b)
At June 30, 2023, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $
18
million associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB.
(c)
As of June 30, 2023 included $
1.2
billion allowance for credit losses associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)
Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans for all periods presented. Prior periods also include non collateral-dependent TDRs or reasonably expected TDRs and modified PCD loans.
(e)
The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(f)
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, lending-related commitments excluded $
18.4
billion and $
13.7
billion, respectively, for the consumer, excluding credit card portfolio segment; $
881.5
billion and $
774.0
billion, respectively, for the credit card portfolio segment; and $
19.3
billion and $
29.1
billion, respectively, for the wholesale portfolio segment, which were not subject to the allowance for lending-related commitments. Prior period amount for wholesale lending-related commitments, including the amount not subject to allowance, has been revised to conform with the current presentation.
163
Discussion of changes in the allowance
The allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2023 was $
24.3
billion, reflecting a net addition of $
2.7
billion from December 31, 2022.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $
1.5
billion, consisting of:
•
$
819
million in
wholesale
, predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
•
$
649
million in
consumer
, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The net addition also included $
1.2
billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments in the second quarter of 2023.
The Firm has maintained the additional weight placed on the relative adverse scenario in the first quarter of 2023, reflecting an increased probability of a moderate recession due to tightening financial conditions.
The allowance for credit losses also reflected a reduction of $
587
million as a result of the adoption of changes to the TDR accounting guidance on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.8% in the third quarter of 2024, and a 1.5% lower U.S. real GDP exiting the fourth quarter of 2024.
The Firm’s central case assumptions reflected U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. real GDP as follows:
Assumptions at June 30, 2023
4Q23
2Q24
4Q24
U.S. unemployment rate
(a)
4.2
%
4.9
%
5.0
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP
(b)
0.5
%
—
%
1.0
%
Assumptions at December 31, 2022
2Q23
4Q23
2Q24
U.S. unemployment rate
(a)
3.8
%
4.3
%
5.0
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP
(b)
1.5
%
0.4
%
—
%
(a)
Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.
(b)
The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.
Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.
Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.
Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 65-69, Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 and Note 12 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.
Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 91-93 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.
164
Note 14 –
Variable interest entities
Refer to Note 1 and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of the Firm's accounting policies and involvement with VIEs.
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorgan Chase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorgan Chase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorgan Chase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorgan Chase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.
Line of Business
Transaction Type
Activity
Form 10-Q page references
CCB
Credit card securitization trusts
Securitization of originated credit card receivables
165
Mortgage securitization trusts
Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages
165-167
CIB
Mortgage and other securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans
165-167
Multi-seller conduits
Assisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs
167
Municipal bond vehicles
Financing of municipal bond investments
167
The Firm also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties. Refer to pages 168-169 of this Note for more information on consolidated VIE assets and liabilities as well as the VIEs sponsored by third parties.
Significant Firm-sponsored VIEs
Credit card securitizations
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trust, the Chase Issuance Trust.
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts
The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.
165
The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit
risk retention rules), recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests.
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs
(c)(d)(e)
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
Trading assets
Investment securities
Other financial assets
Total interests held by JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related
(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
56,604
$
715
$
38,439
$
681
$
2,060
$
23
$
2,764
Subprime
9,300
—
1,353
4
—
4
Commercial and other
(b)
162,779
—
127,826
893
5,443
668
7,004
Total
$
228,683
$
715
$
167,618
$
1,578
$
7,503
$
691
$
9,772
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs
(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2022 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
Trading assets
Investment securities
Other financial assets
Total interests held by
JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related
(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
55,362
$
754
$
37,058
$
744
$
1,918
$
—
$
2,662
Subprime
9,709
—
1,743
10
—
—
10
Commercial and other
(b)
164,915
—
127,037
888
5,373
670
6,931
Total
$
229,986
$
754
$
165,838
$
1,642
$
7,291
$
670
$
9,603
(a)
Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.
(b)
Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.
(c)
Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $
104
million and $
134
million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and subordinated securities which were $
92
million and $
34
million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.
(d)
Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(e)
As of both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
84
% of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $
2.7
billion and $
2.6
billion of investment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and noninvestment-grade retained interests were not material at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $
5.9
billion and $
5.8
billion of investment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively, and $
1.1
billion of noninvestment-grade retained interests at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
166
Residential mortgage
The Firm securitizes residential mortgage loans originated by CCB, as well as residential mortgage loans purchased from third parties by either CCB or CIB.
Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations
CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts.
Re-securitizations
The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
6,261
$
7,373
$
9,667
$
13,449
The Firm did not transfer any private label securities to re-securitization VIEs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and retained interests in any such Firm-sponsored VIEs as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were not material.
The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.
Nonconsolidated
re-securitization VIEs
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs
$
3,412
$
2,580
As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Firm did not consolidate any U.S. GSE and government agency re-securitization VIEs or any Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization VIEs.
Multi-seller conduits
In the normal course of business, JPMorgan Chase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $
12.4
billion and $
13.8
billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. Other than the amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, the Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.
Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded commitments were $
11.3
billion and $
10.6
billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments in other unfunded commitments to extend credit. Refer to Note 24 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Municipal bond vehicles
Municipal bond vehicles or tender option bond (“TOB”) trusts allow institutions to finance their municipal bond investments at short-term rates. TOB transactions are known as customer TOB trusts and non-customer TOB trusts. Customer TOB trusts are sponsored by a third party.
The Firm serves as sponsor for all non-customer TOB transactions.
167
Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Assets
Liabilities
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other
(c)
Total
assets
(d)
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets
(e)
Other
(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$
—
$
9,168
$
82
$
9,250
$
999
$
2
$
1,001
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
1
28,598
169
28,768
16,383
31
16,414
Municipal bond vehicles
2,313
—
21
2,334
2,133
10
2,143
Mortgage securitization entities
(a)
—
733
10
743
132
60
192
Other
54
626
(b)
250
930
—
144
144
Total
$
2,368
$
39,125
$
532
$
42,025
$
19,647
$
247
$
19,894
Assets
Liabilities
December 31, 2022 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other
(c)
Total
assets
(d)
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets
(e)
Other
(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$
—
$
9,699
$
100
$
9,799
$
1,999
$
2
$
2,001
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
—
22,819
170
22,989
9,236
39
9,275
Municipal bond vehicles
2,089
—
7
2,096
1,232
10
1,242
Mortgage securitization entities
(a)
—
781
10
791
143
67
210
Other
62
1,112
(b)
263
1,437
—
161
161
Total
$
2,151
$
34,411
$
550
$
37,112
$
12,610
$
279
$
12,889
(a)
Includes residential mortgage securitizations.
(b)
Primarily includes purchased supply chain finance receivables and purchased auto loan securitizations in CIB.
(c)
Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)
The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.
(e)
The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated balance sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $
1.1
billion and $
2.1
billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(f)
Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
VIEs sponsored by third parties
The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm generally does not consolidate the VIE, but it records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.
Tax credit vehicles
The Firm holds investments in unconsolidated tax credit vehicles, which are limited partnerships and similar entities that own and operate affordable housing, energy, and other projects. These entities are primarily considered VIEs. A third party is typically the general partner or managing
member and has control over the significant activities of the tax credit vehicles, and accordingly the Firm does not consolidate tax credit vehicles. The Firm generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects. The maximum loss exposure, represented by equity investments and funding commitments, was $
32.4
billion and $
30.2
billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, of which $
12.6
billion and $
10.6
billion was unfunded at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Firm assesses each project and to reduce the risk of loss, may withhold varying amounts of its capital investment until the project qualifies for tax credits. Refer to Note 25 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on affordable housing tax credits and Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
168
Customer municipal bond vehicles (TOB trusts)
The Firm may provide various services to customer TOB trusts, including remarketing agent, liquidity or tender option provider. In certain customer TOB transactions, the Firm, as liquidity provider, has entered into a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder.
In those transactions, upon the termination of the vehicle, the Firm has recourse to the third-party Residual holders for any shortfall. The Firm does not have any intent to protect Residual holders from potential losses on any of the underlying municipal bonds. The Firm does not consolidate customer TOB trusts, since the Firm does not have the
power to make decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of the municipal bond vehicle.
The Firm’s maximum exposure as a liquidity provider to customer TOB trusts at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $
5.9
billion and $
5.8
billion, respectively. The fair value of assets held by such VIEs at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $
8.2
billion.
Loan securitizations
The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgages, credit card receivables, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans.
Securitization activity
The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
(in millions)
Residential mortgage
(d)
Commercial and other
(e)
Residential mortgage
(d)
Commercial and other
(e)
Residential mortgage
(d)
Commercial and other
(e)
Residential mortgage
(d)
Commercial and other
(e)
Principal securitized
$
2,216
$
376
$
3,028
$
3,950
$
3,289
$
376
$
9,523
$
7,058
All cash flows during the period:
(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments
(b)(c)
$
2,123
$
380
$
2,754
$
3,869
$
3,153
$
380
$
9,129
$
6,975
Servicing fees collected
6
1
20
—
12
1
44
—
Cash flows received on interests
86
91
127
54
160
178
282
125
(a)
Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b)
Predominantly includes Level 2 assets.
(c)
The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
(d)
Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(e)
Includes commercial mortgage and other consumer loans.
Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored
enterprises and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to
Ginnie Mae guidelines
In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. GSEs. These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share
a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications and Note 15 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of certain excess MSRs.
169
The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Carrying value of loans sold
$
6,323
$
10,721
$
9,021
$
34,389
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
33
4
40
13
Proceeds from loan sales as securities
(a)(b)
6,220
10,551
8,882
33,809
Total proceeds received from loan sales
(c)
$
6,253
$
10,555
$
8,922
$
33,822
Gains/(losses) on loan sales
(d)(e)
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
(a)
Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.
(b)
Included in level 2 assets.
(c)
Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.
(d)
Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.
(e)
The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
Options to repurchase delinquent loans
In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 24, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government
agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding liability. Refer to Note 12 for additional information.
The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase
(a)
$
752
$
839
Real estate owned
9
10
Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans
(b)
23
27
(a)
Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.
(b)
Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.
Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Net liquidation losses/(recoveries)
Securitized assets
90 days past due
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs
$
38,439
$
37,058
$
482
$
511
$
3
$
(
21
)
$
10
$
(
27
)
Subprime
1,353
1,743
141
212
2
(
3
)
4
(
3
)
Commercial and other
127,826
127,037
1,231
948
—
5
19
11
Total loans securitized
$
167,618
$
165,838
$
1,854
$
1,671
$
5
$
(
19
)
$
33
$
(
19
)
170
Note
15 –
Goodwill and Mortgage servicing rights
Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies related to goodwill and mortgage servicing rights.
Goodwill
The following table presents goodwill attributed to the reportable business segments and Corporate.
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Consumer & Community Banking
$
32,116
$
32,121
Corporate & Investment Bank
8,253
8,008
Commercial Banking
2,985
2,985
Asset & Wealth Management
8,344
7,902
Corporate
682
646
Total goodwill
$
52,380
$
51,662
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Balance at beginning of period
$
52,144
$
50,298
$
51,662
$
50,315
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations
(a)
236
470
687
470
Other
(b)
—
(
71
)
31
(
88
)
Balance at June 30,
$
52,380
$
50,697
$
52,380
$
50,697
(a)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisition of Aumni Inc. in CIB in the second quarter, and the acquisition of the remaining
51
% interest in CIFM in AWM in the first quarter. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisitions of Frosch Travel Group, LLC in CCB and Volkswagen Payments S.A. in CIB.
(b)
Predominantly foreign currency adjustments.
Goodwill impairment testing
Goodwill is tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be an impairment. Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s goodwill impairment testing.
Unanticipated declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm reviewed current economic conditions, estimated market cost of equity, as well as actual business results and projections of business performance. Based on such reviews, the Firm has concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022,
no
r was goodwill written off due to impairment during the six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.
171
Mortgage servicing rights
MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. Refer to Notes 2 and 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs.
The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Fair value at beginning of period
$
7,755
$
7,294
$
7,973
$
5,494
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs
78
181
110
596
Purchase of MSRs
(a)
468
160
467
875
Disposition of MSRs
(b)
(
92
)
(
614
)
(
90
)
(
671
)
Net additions/(dispositions)
454
(
273
)
487
800
Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(
255
)
(
236
)
(
495
)
(
468
)
Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other
(c)
283
653
261
1,547
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)
2
—
2
—
Discount rates
—
—
—
—
Prepayment model changes and other
(d)
(
10
)
1
1
66
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions
(
8
)
1
3
66
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions
275
654
264
1,613
Fair value at June 30,
$
8,229
$
7,439
$
8,229
$
7,439
Changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at June 30,
$
275
$
654
$
264
$
1,613
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
388
395
776
765
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at June 30, (in billions)
605
576
605
576
Servicer advances, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts, at June 30
(e)
595
1,166
595
1,166
(a)
Includes purchase price adjustments associated with MSRs purchased in the prior quarter, primarily as a result of loans that prepaid within 90 days of settlement, allowing the Firm to recover the purchase price.
(b)
Includes excess MSRs transferred to agency-sponsored trusts in exchange for stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). In each transaction, a portion of the SMBS was acquired by third parties at the transaction date; the Firm acquired the remaining balance of those SMBS as trading securities.
(c)
Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(d)
Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.
(e)
Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.
172
The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
CCB mortgage fees and related income
Production revenue
$
102
$
150
$
177
$
361
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue
402
435
802
803
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(
255
)
(
236
)
(
495
)
(
468
)
Total operating revenue
147
199
307
335
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other
(a)
283
653
261
1,547
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model
(b)
(
8
)
1
3
66
Changes in derivative fair value and other
(
250
)
(
626
)
(
251
)
(
1,476
)
Total risk management
25
28
13
137
Total net mortgage servicing revenue
172
227
320
472
Total CCB mortgage fees and related income
274
377
497
833
All other
4
1
2
5
Mortgage fees and related income
$
278
$
378
$
499
$
838
(a)
Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(b)
Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).
Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In the following table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which would either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.
The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and outlines hypothetical sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.
(in millions, except rates)
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (constant prepayment rate)
6.27
%
6.12
%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
$
(
186
)
$
(
183
)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
(
361
)
(
356
)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread
(a)
5.77
%
5.77
%
Impact on fair value of a 100 basis point adverse change
$
(
348
)
$
(
341
)
Impact on fair value of a 200 basis point adverse change
(
668
)
(
655
)
(a)
Includes the impact of operational risk and regulatory capital.
173
Note 16 –
Deposits
Refer to Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on deposits.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows.
(in millions)
June 30,
2023
December 31, 2022
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included
$
47,870
and $
26,363
at fair value)
(a)
$
656,778
$
644,902
Interest-bearing (included
$
572
and $
586
at fair value)
(a)
1,311,893
1,276,346
Total deposits in U.S. offices
1,968,671
1,921,248
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included
$
1,331
and $
1,398
at fair value)
(a)
24,268
27,005
Interest-bearing (included
$
1,795
and $
273
at fair value)
(a)
406,023
391,926
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
430,291
418,931
Total deposits
$
2,398,962
$
2,340,179
(a)
Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, time deposits in denominations that met or exceeded the insured limit were as follows.
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
U.S. offices
$
98,725
$
64,622
Non-U.S. offices
(a)
85,937
77,907
Total
$
184,662
$
142,529
(a)
Represents all time deposits in non-U.S. offices as these deposits typically exceed the insured limit.
As of June 30, 2023, the remaining maturities of interest-bearing time deposits in each of the 12-month periods ending June 30 were as follows.
June 30,
(in millions)
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total
2024
145,737
83,015
228,752
2025
1,213
194
1,407
2026
309
71
380
2027
160
25
185
2028
95
1,087
1,182
After 5 years
533
214
747
Total
$
148,047
$
84,606
$
232,653
Note 17 –
Leases
Refer to Note 18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion on leases.
Firm as lessee
At June 30, 2023, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries were obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases for premises and equipment used primarily for business purposes.
Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term.
The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Right-of-use assets
$
8,399
(a)
$
7,782
Lease liabilities
8,756
(a)
8,183
(a)
Includes $
756
million of right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
The Firm’s net rental expense was $
448
million and $
484
million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and $
935
million and $
976
million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Firm as lessor
The Firm’s lease financings are predominantly auto operating leases, and are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income, included within
other income
, and the related depreciation expense, included within technology, communications and equipment expense, on the Consolidated statements of income:
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Operating lease income
$
716
$
945
$
1,471
$
1,993
Depreciation expense
457
668
876
1,379
174
Note 18 –
Long-term debt
JPMorgan Chase issues long-term debt denominated in various currencies, predominantly U.S. dollars, with both fixed and variable interest rates. Included in senior and subordinated debt below are various equity-linked or other indexed instruments, which the Firm has elected to measure at fair value; changes in fair value are recorded in principal transactions revenue in the Consolidated statements of income, except for unrealized gains/(losses) due to DVA which are recorded in OCI.
The following table is a summary of long-term debt carrying values (including unamortized premiums and discounts, issuance costs, valuation adjustments and fair value adjustments, where applicable) by remaining contractual maturity as of June 30, 2023.
By remaining maturity
(in millions, except rates)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Under 1 year
1-5 years
After 5 years
Total
Total
Parent company
Senior debt:
Fixed rate
$
6,709
$
84,418
$
96,845
$
187,972
$
194,515
Variable rate
367
7,226
2,200
9,793
11,565
Interest rates
(f)
2.29
%
2.82
%
3.53
%
3.15
%
3.06
%
Subordinated debt:
Fixed rate
$
—
$
8,815
$
8,877
$
17,692
$
19,693
Variable rate
—
—
—
—
—
Interest rates
(f)
—
%
4.54
%
4.69
%
4.62
%
4.50
%
Subtotal
$
7,076
$
100,459
$
107,922
$
215,457
$
225,773
Subsidiaries
Federal Home Loan Banks advances:
Fixed rate
$
7,443
$
17,609
$
42
$
25,094
(g)
$
93
Variable rate
7,000
4,000
—
11,000
11,000
Interest rates
(f)
4.64
%
4.29
%
6.07
%
4.43
%
4.32
%
Purchase Money Note
(a)
:
Fixed rate
$
—
$
48,883
$
—
$
48,883
NA
Interest rates
(f)
—
%
3.40
%
—
%
3.40
%
NA
Senior debt:
Fixed rate
$
3,000
$
7,333
$
6,395
$
16,728
$
15,383
Variable rate
17,426
21,968
5,451
44,845
41,506
Interest rates
(f)
3.95
%
4.98
%
1.52
%
1.88
%
2.02
%
Subordinated debt:
Fixed rate
$
—
$
258
$
—
$
258
$
262
Variable rate
—
—
—
—
—
Interest rates
(f)
—
%
8.25
%
—
%
8.25
%
8.25
%
Subtotal
$
34,869
$
100,051
$
11,888
$
146,808
$
68,244
Junior subordinated debt:
Fixed rate
$
—
$
—
$
540
$
540
$
550
Variable rate
—
357
916
1,273
1,298
Interest rates
(f)
—
%
5.86
%
7.17
%
6.91
%
6.33
%
Subtotal
$
—
$
357
$
1,456
$
1,813
$
1,848
Total long-term debt
(b)(c)(d)
$
41,945
$
200,867
$
121,266
$
364,078
(h)(i)
$
295,865
Long-term beneficial interests:
Fixed rate
$
—
$
999
$
—
$
999
$
1,999
Variable rate
—
—
132
132
143
Interest rates
(f)
—
%
3.97
%
3.59
%
3.93
%
2.81
%
Total long-term beneficial interests
(e)
$
—
$
999
$
132
$
1,131
$
2,142
(a)
As of
June 30, 2023
, reflects the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)
Included long-term debt of $
87.7
billion and $
13.8
billion secured by assets totaling $
221.2
billion and $
208.3
billion at
June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
, respectively. The amount of long-term debt secured by assets does not include amounts related to hybrid instruments.
(c)
Included $
78.6
billion and $
72.3
billion of long-term debt accounted for at fair value at
June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
, respectively.
(d)
Included $
11.2
billion and $
10.3
billion of outstanding zero-coupon notes at
June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
, respectively. The aggregate principal amount of these notes at their respective maturities is $
45.7
billion and $
45.3
billion, respectively. The aggregate principal amount reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity, which may exceed the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date, if applicable.
(e)
Included on the Consolidated balance sheets in beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs. Also included amounts accounted for at fair value which were not material at
June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
. Excluded short-term commercial paper and other short-term beneficial interests of $
18.5
billion and $
10.5
billion at
June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
, respectively.
(f)
The interest rates shown are the weighted average of contractual rates in effect at
June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
, respectively, including non-U.S. dollar fixed- and variable-rate issuances, which excludes the effects of the associated derivative instruments used in hedge accounting relationships, if applicable. The interest rates shown exclude structured notes accounted for at fair value.
(g)
As of June 30, 2023, included $
25.0
billion of FHLB advances associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(h)
As of
June 30, 2023
, long-term debt in the aggregate of $
191.7
billion was redeemable at the option of JPMorgan Chase, in whole or in part, prior to maturity, based on the terms specified in the respective instruments.
(i)
The aggregate carrying values of debt that matures in each of the 12-month periods ending June 30, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028 is $
41.9
billion, $
58.5
billion, $
38.0
billion, $
29.2
billion and $
75.2
billion, respectively.
175
The weighted-average contractual interest rates for total long-term debt excluding structured notes accounted for at fair value were
3.45
% and
3.26
% as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In order to modify exposure to interest rate and currency exchange rate movements, JPMorgan Chase utilizes derivative instruments, primarily interest rate and cross-currency interest rate swaps, in conjunction with some of its debt issuances. The use of these instruments modifies the Firm’s interest expense on the associated debt. The modified weighted-average interest rates for total long-term debt, including the effects of related derivative instruments, were
5.02
% and
4.89
% as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. has guaranteed certain long-term debt of its subsidiaries, including structured notes. These guarantees rank pari passu with the Firm’s other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The amount of such guaranteed long-term debt and structured notes was $
34.5
billion and $
28.2
billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The Firm’s unsecured debt does not contain requirements that would call for an acceleration of payments, maturities or changes in the structure of the existing debt, provide any limitations on future borrowings or require additional collateral, based on unfavorable changes in the Firm’s credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings or stock price.
176
Note 19 -
Preferred stock
Refer to Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion on preferred stock.
The following is a summary of JPMorgan Chase’s non-cumulative preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the quarterly dividend declarations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Shares
(a)
Carrying value
(in millions)
Contractual rate in effect at June 30, 2023
Earliest redemption date
(b)
Floating annualized rate
(c)
Dividend declared
per share
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Issue date
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Fixed-rate:
Series DD
169,625
169,625
$
1,696
$
1,696
9/21/2018
5.750
%
12/1/2023
NA
$
143.75
$
143.75
$
287.50
$
287.50
Series EE
185,000
185,000
1,850
1,850
1/24/2019
6.000
3/1/2024
NA
150.00
150.00
300.00
300.00
Series GG
90,000
90,000
900
900
11/7/2019
4.750
12/1/2024
NA
118.75
118.75
237.50
237.50
Series JJ
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
3/17/2021
4.550
6/1/2026
NA
113.75
113.75
227.50
227.50
Series LL
185,000
185,000
1,850
1,850
5/20/2021
4.625
6/1/2026
NA
115.63
115.63
231.26
231.26
Series MM
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
7/29/2021
4.200
9/1/2026
NA
105.00
105.00
210.00
210.00
Fixed-to-floating-rate:
Series I
—
—
$
—
$
—
4/23/2008
—
%
4/30/2018
SOFR +
3.47
%
$
—
$
119.03
$
—
$
211.16
Series Q
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
4/23/2013
LIBOR +
3.25
5/1/2023
SOFR +
3.25
218.48
128.75
347.23
257.50
(d)
Series R
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
7/29/2013
6.000
8/1/2023
SOFR +
3.30
150.00
150.00
300.00
300.00
Series S
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
1/22/2014
6.750
2/1/2024
SOFR +
3.78
168.75
168.75
337.50
337.50
Series U
100,000
100,000
1,000
1,000
3/10/2014
6.125
4/30/2024
SOFR +
3.33
153.13
153.13
306.25
306.25
Series V
—
—
—
—
6/9/2014
—
7/1/2019
SOFR +
3.32
—
108.36
—
194.76
Series X
160,000
160,000
1,600
1,600
9/23/2014
6.100
10/1/2024
SOFR +
3.33
152.50
152.50
305.00
305.00
Series Z
—
—
—
—
4/21/2015
—
5/1/2020
SOFR +
3.80
—
—
—
—
Series CC
125,750
125,750
1,258
1,258
10/20/2017
LIBOR +
2.58
11/1/2022
SOFR +
2.58
201.36
115.63
384.15
231.25
(e)
Series FF
225,000
225,000
2,250
2,250
7/31/2019
5.000
8/1/2024
SOFR +
3.38
125.00
125.00
250.00
250.00
Series HH
300,000
300,000
3,000
3,000
1/23/2020
4.600
2/1/2025
SOFR +
3.125
115.00
115.00
230.00
230.00
Series II
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
2/24/2020
4.000
4/1/2025
SOFR +
2.745
100.00
100.00
200.00
200.00
Series KK
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
5/12/2021
3.650
6/1/2026
CMT +
2.85
91.25
91.25
182.50
182.50
Total preferred stock
2,740,375
2,740,375
$
27,404
$
27,404
(a)
Represented by depositary shares.
(b)
Fixed-to-floating rate notes convert to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.
(c)
On March 1, 2023, the Firm announced that, after June 30, 2023, CME Term SOFR will be the replacement reference rate for certain outstanding securities issued by the Firm that used U.S. dollar LIBOR as the reference rate, including fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock. References in the table to “SOFR” mean a floating annualized rate equal to three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spreads noted. The reference to “CMT” means a floating annualized rate equal to the five-year Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”) rate plus the spread noted.
(d)
The dividend rate for Series Q preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on May 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at
5.15
% or $
257.50
per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing August 1, 2023 will be three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of
3.25
%.
(e)
The dividend rate for Series CC preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on November 1, 2022; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at
4.625
% or $
231.25
per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing August 1, 2023 will be three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of
2.58
%.
Each series of preferred stock has a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $
10,000
, plus accrued but unpaid dividends. The aggregate liquidation value was $
27.8
billion at June 30, 2023.
Redemptions
On October 31, 2022, the Firm redeemed all $
2.9
billion of its fixed to floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series I.
On October 3, 2022, the Firm redeemed all $
2.5
billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series V.
On February 1, 2022, the Firm redeemed all $
2.0
billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series Z.
177
Note 20 –
Earnings per share
Refer to Note 23 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”).
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Basic earnings per share
Net income
$
14,472
$
8,649
$
27,094
$
16,931
Less: Preferred stock dividends
373
410
729
807
Net income applicable to common equity
14,099
8,239
26,365
16,124
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
88
44
161
85
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
14,011
$
8,195
$
26,204
$
16,039
Total weighted-average basic shares
outstanding
2,943.8
2,962.2
2,956.1
2,969.6
Net income per share
$
4.76
$
2.77
$
8.86
$
5.40
Diluted earnings per share
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
14,011
$
8,195
$
26,204
$
16,039
Total weighted-average basic shares
outstanding
2,943.8
2,962.2
2,956.1
2,969.6
Add: Dilutive impact of unvested PSUs, nondividend-earning RSUs and SARs
4.5
4.1
4.4
4.1
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding
2,948.3
2,966.3
2,960.5
2,973.7
Net income per share
$
4.75
$
2.76
$
8.85
$
5.39
178
Note 21 –
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), fair value changes of excluded components on fair value hedges, cash flow hedging activities, net gain/(loss) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and fair value option-elected liabilities arising from changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA).
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at April 1, 2023
$
(
6,912
)
$
(
1,348
)
$
(
54
)
$
(
4,858
)
$
(
1,506
)
$
260
$
(
14,418
)
Net change
757
70
11
(
497
)
(
6
)
(
207
)
128
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
(
6,155
)
(a)
$
(
1,278
)
$
(
43
)
$
(
5,355
)
$
(
1,512
)
$
53
$
(
14,290
)
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at April 1, 2022
$
(
4,813
)
$
(
996
)
$
(
21
)
$
(
3,087
)
$
(
143
)
$
(
507
)
$
(
9,567
)
Net change
(
4,031
)
(
679
)
51
(
1,348
)
20
1,185
(
4,802
)
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
(
8,844
)
(a)
$
(
1,675
)
$
30
$
(
4,435
)
$
(
123
)
$
678
$
(
14,369
)
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
(
9,124
)
$
(
1,545
)
$
(
33
)
$
(
5,656
)
$
(
1,451
)
$
468
$
(
17,341
)
Net change
2,969
267
(
10
)
301
(
61
)
(
415
)
3,051
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
(
6,155
)
(a)
$
(
1,278
)
$
(
43
)
$
(
5,355
)
$
(
1,512
)
$
53
$
(
14,290
)
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2022
$
2,640
$
(
934
)
$
(
131
)
$
(
296
)
$
(
210
)
$
(
1,153
)
$
(
84
)
Net change
(
11,484
)
(
741
)
161
(
4,139
)
87
1,831
(
14,285
)
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
(
8,844
)
(a)
$
(
1,675
)
$
30
$
(
4,435
)
$
(
123
)
$
678
$
(
14,369
)
(a)
As of June 30, 2023 includes after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(
29
) million related to HTM securities that have been transferred to AFS as permitted by the new hedge accounting guidance adopted on January 1, 2023. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022 includes after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(
1.1
) billion and $(
1.4
) billion, related to AFS securities that have been transferred to HTM, respectively. Refer to Note 10 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
179
The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.
2023
2022
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
95
$
(
21
)
$
74
$
(
5,456
)
$
1,308
$
(
4,148
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income
(a)
900
(
217
)
683
153
(
36
)
117
Net change
995
(
238
)
757
(
5,303
)
1,272
(
4,031
)
Translation adjustments
(b)
:
Translation
126
10
136
(
3,550
)
193
(
3,357
)
Hedges
(
88
)
22
(
66
)
3,524
(
846
)
2,678
Net change
38
32
70
(
26
)
(
653
)
(
679
)
Fair value hedges, net change
(c)
:
15
(
4
)
11
67
(
16
)
51
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
(
1,119
)
268
(
851
)
(
1,750
)
420
(
1,330
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income
(d)
465
(
111
)
354
(
24
)
6
(
18
)
Net change
(
654
)
157
(
497
)
(
1,774
)
426
(
1,348
)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change:
(
8
)
2
(
6
)
33
(
13
)
20
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
(
273
)
66
(
207
)
1,558
(
373
)
1,185
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
113
$
15
$
128
$
(
5,445
)
$
643
$
(
4,802
)
2023
2022
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
2,137
$
(
511
)
$
1,626
$
(
15,658
)
$
3,758
$
(
11,900
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income
(a)
1,768
(
425
)
1,343
547
(
131
)
416
Net change
3,905
(
936
)
2,969
(
15,111
)
3,627
(
11,484
)
Translation adjustments
(b)
:
Translation
1,099
(
31
)
1,068
(
3,891
)
217
(
3,674
)
Hedges
(
1,051
)
250
(
801
)
3,862
(
929
)
2,933
Net change
48
219
267
(
29
)
(
712
)
(
741
)
Fair value hedges, net change
(c)
:
(
13
)
3
(
10
)
212
(
51
)
161
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
(
552
)
132
(
420
)
(
5,186
)
1,245
(
3,941
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income
(d)
948
(
227
)
721
(
261
)
63
(
198
)
Net change
396
(
95
)
301
(
5,447
)
1,308
(
4,139
)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change:
(
79
)
18
(
61
)
123
(
36
)
87
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
(
547
)
132
(
415
)
2,417
(
586
)
1,831
Total other comprehensive loss
$
3,710
$
(
659
)
$
3,051
$
(
17,835
)
$
3,550
$
(
14,285
)
(a)
The pre-tax amount is reported in Investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.
(b)
Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(
5
) million to other revenue related to the acquisition of CIFM of which $(
41
) million related to the net investment hedge loss. The amounts were
not
material for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.
(c)
Represents changes in fair value of cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in cross-currency basis spreads, which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recorded in other comprehensive income. The initial cost of cross-currency basis spreads is recognized in earnings as part of the accrual of interest on the cross currency swaps.
(d)
The pre-tax amounts are primarily recorded in noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of
income.
180
Note 22 –
Restricted cash and other restricted
assets
Refer to Note 26 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s restricted cash and other restricted assets.
Certain of the Firm’s cash and other assets are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. These restrictions are imposed by various regulatory authorities based on the particular activities of the Firm’s subsidiaries.
The Firm is also subject to rules and regulations established by other U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. As part of its compliance with the respective regulatory requirements, the Firm’s broker-dealer activities are subject to certain restrictions on cash and other assets.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s restricted cash:
(in billions)
June 30,
2023
December 31, 2022
Segregated for the benefit of securities and cleared derivative customers
$
17.0
$
18.7
Cash reserves at non-U.S. central banks and held for other general purposes
8.6
8.1
Total restricted cash
(a)
$
25.6
$
26.8
(a)
Comprises $
24.3
billion and $
25.4
billion in deposits with banks, and $
1.3
billion and $
1.4
billion in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Also, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Firm had the following other restricted assets:
•
Cash and securities pledged with clearing organizations for the benefit of customers of $
36.9
billion and $
42.4
billion, respectively.
•
Securities with a fair value of $
23.4
billion and $
31.7
billion, respectively, were also restricted in relation to customer activity.
181
Note 23 –
Regulatory capital
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion on regulatory capital.
The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized requirements, for the consolidated financial holding company. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") establishes similar minimum capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s principal IDI subsidiary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Under the risk-based capital and leverage-based guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase is required to maintain minimum ratios for CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital, Tier 1 leverage and the SLR. Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. IDI subsidiaries are also subject to these capital requirements established by their respective primary regulators.
The following table presents the risk-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries were subject as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Standardized capital ratio requirements
Advanced
capital ratio requirements
Well-capitalized ratios
BHC
(a)(b)
IDI
(c)
BHC
(a)(b)
IDI
(c)
BHC
(d)
IDI
(e)
Risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital
12.5
%
7.0
%
11.0
%
7.0
%
NA
6.5
%
Tier 1 capital
14.0
8.5
12.5
8.5
6.0
%
8.0
Total capital
16.0
10.5
14.5
10.5
10.0
10.0
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries are subject.
(a)
Represents the regulatory capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements each include a respective minimum requirement plus a GSIB surcharge of
4.0
% as calculated under Method 2; plus a
4.0
% SCB for Basel III Standardized ratios and a fixed
2.5
% capital conservation buffer for Basel III Advanced ratios. The countercyclical buffer is currently set to
0
% by the federal banking agencies.
(b)
For the period ended December 31, 2022, the CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements under Basel III Standardized applicable to the Firm were
12.0
%,
13.5
% and
15.5
%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were
10.5
%,
12.0
%, and
14.0
%, respectively.
(c)
Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase’s IDI subsidiaries. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements include a fixed capital conservation buffer requirement of
2.5
% that is applicable to the IDI subsidiaries. The IDI subsidiaries are not subject to the GSIB surcharge.
(d)
Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.
(e)
Represents requirements for IDI subsidiaries pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.
The following table presents the leverage-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries were subject as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Capital ratio requirements
(a)
Well-capitalized ratios
BHC
IDI
BHC
(b)
IDI
Leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage
4.0
%
4.0
%
NA
5.0
%
SLR
5.0
6.0
NA
6.0
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries are subject.
(a)
Represents minimum SLR requirement of
3.0
%, as well as supplementary leverage buffer requirements of
2.0
% and
3.0
% for BHC and IDI subsidiaries, respectively.
(b)
The Federal Reserve's regulations do not establish well-capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.
CECL regulatory capital transition
Beginning January 1, 2022, the $
2.9
billion CECL capital benefit, provided by the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is being phased out at 25% per year over a three-year period. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm's CET1 capital reflected the remaining $
1.4
billion benefit associated with the CECL capital transition provisions.
Additionally, effective January 1, 2023, the Firm phased out 50% of the other CECL capital transition provisions which impacted Tier 2 capital, adjusted average assets, total leverage exposure and RWA, as applicable.
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on CECL capital transition provisions.
182
The following tables present risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics for JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Basel III Standardized
Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:
(a)
CET1 capital
$
235,827
$
279,233
$
235,827
$
279,233
Tier 1 capital
262,585
279,236
262,585
279,236
Total capital
295,281
298,582
281,953
(b)
285,500
Risk-weighted assets
1,706,927
1,642,804
1,694,714
(b)
1,541,700
CET1 capital ratio
13.8
%
17.0
%
13.9
%
18.1
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
15.4
17.0
15.5
18.1
Total capital ratio
17.3
18.2
16.6
18.5
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Basel III Standardized
Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:
(a)
CET1 capital
$
218,934
$
269,668
$
218,934
$
269,668
Tier 1 capital
245,631
269,672
245,631
269,672
Total capital
277,769
288,433
264,583
275,255
Risk-weighted assets
1,653,538
1,597,072
1,609,773
1,475,602
CET1 capital ratio
13.2
%
16.9
%
13.6
%
18.3
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
14.9
16.9
15.3
18.3
Total capital ratio
16.8
18.1
16.4
18.7
(a)
The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)
Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Three months ended
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Leverage-based capital metrics:
(a)
Adjusted average assets
(b)
$
3,796,579
$
3,308,478
$
3,703,873
$
3,249,912
Tier 1 leverage ratio
6.9
%
8.4
%
6.6
%
8.3
%
Total leverage exposure
$
4,492,761
$
3,993,500
$
4,367,092
$
3,925,502
SLR
5.8
%
7.0
%
5.6
%
6.9
%
(a)
The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.
183
Note 24 –
Off–balance sheet lending-related
financial instruments, guarantees, and other
commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to address the financing needs of its customers and clients. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the customer or client draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the customer or client subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies.
To provide for expected
credit losses in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. Refer to Note 13 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The amounts in the table below for credit card, home equity and certain scored business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card and certain scored business banking lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. In addition, the Firm typically closes credit card lines when the borrower is
60
days or more past due. The Firm may reduce or close HELOCs when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property, or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.
184
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
Contractual amount
Carrying value
(i)
June 30, 2023
Dec 31,
2022
Jun 30,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
By remaining maturity
(in millions)
Expires in 1 year or less
Expires after
1 year through
3 years
Expires after
3 years through
5 years
Expires after 5 years
Total
Total
Lending-related
Consumer, excluding credit card:
Residential real estate
(a)
$
9,164
$
5,873
$
6,304
$
12,692
$
34,033
$
21,287
$
714
(j)
$
75
Auto and other
14,203
324
—
2,286
16,813
12,231
236
(j)
—
Total consumer, excluding credit card
23,367
6,197
6,304
14,978
50,846
33,518
950
75
Credit card
(b)
881,485
—
—
—
881,485
821,284
—
—
Total consumer
(c)
904,852
6,197
6,304
14,978
932,331
854,802
950
75
Wholesale:
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
(d)
123,374
160,273
202,330
23,345
509,322
440,407
3,564
(h)(j)
2,328
(h)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
(d)
14,960
8,073
4,274
1,099
28,406
27,439
517
408
Other letters of credit
(d)
3,022
233
106
—
3,361
4,134
23
6
Total wholesale
(c)
141,356
168,579
206,710
24,444
541,089
471,980
4,104
2,742
Total lending-related
$
1,046,208
$
174,776
$
213,014
$
39,422
$
1,473,420
$
1,326,782
$
5,054
$
2,817
Other guarantees and commitments
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees
(e)
$
296,547
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
296,547
$
283,386
$
—
$
—
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
3,861
228
11,959
40,852
56,900
59,180
181
649
Unsettled resale and securities borrowed agreements
108,556
585
—
—
109,141
116,975
—
(
2
)
Unsettled repurchase and securities loaned agreements
92,811
547
—
—
93,358
66,407
—
(
7
)
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
Mortgage repurchase liability
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
76
76
Loans sold with recourse
NA
NA
NA
NA
768
820
27
28
Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments
(f)
140,102
—
—
—
140,102
191,068
—
—
Other guarantees and commitments
(g)
6,569
848
166
3,574
11,157
8,634
43
53
(a)
Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.
(b)
Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
(c)
Predominantly all consumer and wholesale lending-related commitments are in the U.S.
(d)
As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $
87
million and $
71
million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $
8.0
billion and $
8.2
billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; $
425
million and $
512
million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(e)
As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $
312.6
billion and $
298.5
billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral primarily consists of cash, G7 government securities, and securities issued by U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(f)
As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, includes guarantees to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation under the sponsored member repo program and commitments and guarantees associated with the Firm’s membership in certain clearing houses.
(g)
As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022,
primarily includes unfunded commitments related to certain tax-oriented equity investments, unfunded commitments to purchase secondary market loans, and other equity investment commitments.
(h)
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 includes net markdowns on held-for-sale positions related to unfunded commitments in the bridge financing portfolio.
(i)
For lending-related products, the carrying value includes the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, and lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected, the carrying value represents the fair value.
(j)
As of June 30, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with the First Republic acquisition for residential real estate lending-related commitments totaling $
576
million, for auto and other lending-related commitments totaling $
236
million and for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $
1.6
billion. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
185
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a client or customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade financings and similar transactions.
The following table summarizes the contractual amount and carrying value of standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit arrangements as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters
of credit
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters
of credit
Investment-grade
(a)
$
19,574
$
2,385
$
19,205
$
3,040
Noninvestment-grade
(a)
8,832
976
8,234
1,094
Total contractual amount
$
28,406
$
3,361
$
27,439
$
4,134
Allowance for lending-related commitments
$
146
$
23
$
82
$
6
Guarantee liability
371
—
326
—
Total carrying value
$
517
$
23
$
408
$
6
Commitments with collateral
$
16,414
$
549
$
15,296
$
795
(a)
The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings. Refer to Note 12 for further information on internal risk ratings.
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
The Firm transacts in certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on these derivatives.
The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Notional amounts
Derivative guarantees
$
56,900
$
59,180
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
31,715
31,820
Maximum exposure of stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
1,442
2,063
Fair value
Derivative payables
181
649
In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. Refer to Note 5 for a further discussion of credit derivatives.
Merchant charge-backs
Under the rules of payment networks, in its role as a merchant acquirer, the Firm's Merchant Services business in CIB Payments, retains a contingent liability for disputed processed credit and debit card transactions that result in a charge-back to the merchant. If a dispute is resolved in the cardholder’s favor, the Firm will (through the cardholder’s issuing bank) credit or refund the amount to the cardholder and will charge back the transaction to the merchant. If the Firm is unable to collect the amount from the merchant, the Firm will bear the loss for the amount credited or refunded to the cardholder. The Firm mitigates this risk by withholding future settlements, retaining cash reserve accounts or obtaining other collateral. In addition, the Firm recognizes a valuation allowance that covers the payment or performance risk related to charge-backs.
186
Loan sales and securitization-related indemnifications
In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with GSEs the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements, and that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser if such representations and warranties are breached by the Firm.
The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. Refer to Note 26 of this Form 10-Q and Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information regarding litigation.
Sponsored member repo program
The Firm acts as a sponsoring member to clear eligible overnight and term resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”) on behalf of clients that become sponsored members under the FICC’s rules. The Firm also guarantees to the FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC’s rules. The Firm minimizes its liability under these guarantees by obtaining a security interest in the cash or high-quality securities collateral that the clients place with the clearing house therefore the Firm expects the risk of loss to be remote. The Firm’s maximum possible exposure, without taking into consideration the associated collateral, is included in the Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments line on page 185. Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on credit risk mitigation practices on resale agreements and the types of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements.
Guarantees of subsidiaries
The Parent Company has guaranteed certain long-term debt and structured notes of its subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a
100
%-owned finance subsidiary. All securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company and no other subsidiary of the Parent Company guarantees these securities. These guarantees, which rank pari passu with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, are not included in the table on page 185 of this Note. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
Note 25 –
Pledged assets and collateral
Refer to Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral.
Pledged assets
The Firm pledges financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity at discount windows with Federal Reserve banks, various other central banks and FHLBs. Additionally, the Firm pledges assets for other purposes, including to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are parenthetically identified on the Consolidated balance sheets as assets pledged.
The following table presents the Firm’s pledged assets.
(in billions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
$
161.3
$
110.8
Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
(a)
288.4
114.8
Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs
(b)
621.8
567.6
Total pledged assets
$
1,071.5
$
793.2
(a)
As of June 30, 2023, included $
120.0
billion of assets pledged to the FDIC as part of the shared-loss agreements associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)
As of June 30, 2023, included $
23.7
billion of assets pledged to the FHLB associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Total pledged assets do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. Refer to Note 14 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt.
Collateral
The Firm accepts financial assets as collateral that it is permitted to sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use. This collateral is generally obtained under resale and other securities financing agreements, prime brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables and derivative contracts. Collateral is generally used under repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits.
The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.
(in billions)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Collateral permitted to be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used
$
1,303.7
$
1,346.9
Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used
986.3
1,019.4
187
Note 26 –
Litigation
Contingencies
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or respondents in numerous legal proceedings, including private, civil litigations, government investigations or regulatory enforcement matters. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations and regulatory enforcement matters involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and several geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.
The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $
0
to approximately $
1.3
billion at June 30, 2023. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon information available as of that date for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given:
•
the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings, including the fact that many are in preliminary stages,
•
the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants, including the Firm, whose share of liability (if any) has yet to be determined,
•
the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings, including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims, and
•
the uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, including where the Firm has made assumptions concerning future rulings by the court or other adjudicator, or about the behavior or incentives of adverse parties or regulatory authorities, and those assumptions prove to be incorrect.
In addition, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be a result which the Firm did not take into account in its estimate because the Firm had deemed the likelihood of that outcome to be remote. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.
Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.
1MDB Litigation
. J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA was named as a defendant in a civil litigation filed in May 2021 in Malaysia by 1Malaysia Development Berhad (“1MDB”), a Malaysian state-owned and controlled investment fund. J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA was served in August 2022. The claim alleges “dishonest assistance” against J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA in relation to payments of $
300
million and $
500
million, from 2009 and 2010, respectively, received from 1MDB and paid into an account at J.P. Morgan Suisse (SA) held by 1MDB PetroSaudi Limited, a joint venture company between 1MDB and PetroSaudi Holdings (Cayman) Limited. In September 2022, the Firm filed an application challenging the validity of service and the Malaysian Court’s jurisdiction to hear the claim. In April 2023, 1MDB discontinued its claim against J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA, but requested permission of the Court to refile in the future, which the Court took under consideration.
Amrapali
. India’s Enforcement Directorate (“ED”) is investigating J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with investments made in 2010 and 2012 by
two
offshore funds formerly managed by JPMorgan Chase entities into residential housing projects developed by the Amrapali Group (“Amrapali”). In 2017, numerous creditors filed civil claims against Amrapali, including petitions brought by home buyers relating to delays in delivering or failure to deliver residential units. The home buyers’ petitions have been overseen by the Supreme Court of India and are ongoing. In August 2021, the ED issued an order fining J.P. Morgan India Private Limited approximately $
31.5
million. The Firm is appealing the order and the fine. Relatedly, in July 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued an order making preliminary findings that Amrapali and other parties, including unspecified JPMorgan Chase entities and the offshore funds that had invested in the projects, violated certain currency control and money laundering provisions, and ordering the ED to conduct a further inquiry under India’s Prevention of Money Laundering Act (“PMLA”) and Foreign Exchange Management Act (“FEMA”). In May 2020, the ED attached approximately $
25
million from J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with the criminal PMLA investigation. The Firm is responding to and cooperating with the PMLA investigation.
Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation.
The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. Among those resolutions, in May 2015, the Firm pleaded guilty to a single violation of federal antitrust law. The Department of Labor ("DOL") granted the Firm exemptions that permit the Firm and its affiliates to continue to rely on the Qualified Professional Asset Manager exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”)
188
through the
ten-year
disqualification period following the antitrust plea. The only remaining FX-related governmental inquiry is a South Africa Competition Commission matter which is currently pending before the South Africa Competition Tribunal.
With respect to civil litigation matters, in August 2018, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted final approval to the Firm’s settlement of a consolidated class action brought by U.S.-based plaintiffs, which principally alleged violations of federal antitrust laws based on an alleged conspiracy to manipulate foreign exchange rates and also sought damages on behalf of persons who transacted in FX futures and options on futures. Although certain members of the settlement class filed requests to the Court to be excluded from the class, an agreement to resolve their claims was reached in December 2022. The District Court denied certification of a putative class action against the Firm and other foreign exchange dealers on behalf of certain parties who purchased foreign currencies at allegedly inflated rates and granted summary judgment against the named plaintiffs in March 2023. Those plaintiffs have filed a notice of appeal. In addition, some FX-related individual and putative class actions based on similar alleged underlying conduct have been filed outside the U.S., including in the U.K., Israel, the Netherlands, Brazil and Australia. An agreement to resolve one of the UK actions was reached in December 2022. In July 2023, the U.K. Court of Appeal overturned the Competition Appeal Tribunal's earlier denial of a request for class certification on an opt-out basis. In Israel, a settlement in principle has been reached in the putative class action, which remains subject to court approval.
Interchange Litigation.
Groups of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and Mastercard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees and enacted related rules in violation of antitrust laws. In 2012, the parties initially settled the cases for a cash payment, but that settlement was reversed on appeal and remanded to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.
The original class action was divided into
two
separate actions, one seeking primarily monetary relief and the other seeking primarily injunctive relief. In September 2018, the parties to the monetary class action finalized an agreement which amends and supersedes the prior settlement agreement. Pursuant to this settlement, the defendants collectively contributed an additional $
900
million to the approximately $
5.3
billion previously held in escrow from the original settlement. In December 2019, the amended settlement agreement was approved by the District Court. In March 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the District Court’s approval of the settlement, and two merchants have filed petitions for rehearing of the Appellate Court’s approval. Based on the percentage of merchants that opted out of the amended class settlement, $
700
million has been returned to the
defendants from the settlement escrow in accordance with the settlement agreement. The injunctive class action continues separately, and in September 2021, the District Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification in part, and denied the motion in part.
Of the merchants who opted out of the amended damages class settlement, certain merchants filed individual actions raising similar allegations against Visa and Mastercard, as well as against the Firm and other banks. While some of those actions remain pending, the defendants have reached settlements with the merchants who opted out representing approximately
65
% of the combined Mastercard-branded and Visa-branded payment card sales volume.
Jeffrey Epstein Litigation.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was named as a defendant in
two
lawsuits filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. knowingly facilitated Jeffrey Epstein’s sex trafficking and other unlawful conduct by providing banking services to Epstein until 2013. One case, which was filed in November 2022, was a putative class action filed by an alleged sex-trafficking victim of Epstein, and the other case, which was filed in December 2022, was brought on behalf of the government of the United States Virgin Islands and also alleges certain Virgin Islands statutory claims. In March 2023, the Court granted in part and denied in part JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s motions to dismiss these complaints, allowing some claims to proceed in both lawsuits. Also in March 2023, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. filed third-party complaints impleading the Firm’s former employee, James Edward Staley, into the
two
lawsuits, asserting claims for indemnification, contribution, breach of fiduciary duty and violation of the faithless servant doctrine. In May 2023, the Court denied Staley’s motion to dismiss the impleader complaints. In June 2023, the Court granted the putative class’ motion for class certification and granted a preliminary approval of a settlement between the class and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., pursuant to which JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. will pay $
290
million to a fund for Epstein survivors. The actions involving the government of the United States Virgin Islands and Staley are proceeding.
LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation.
JPMorgan Chase has responded to inquiries from various governmental agencies and entities around the world relating primarily to the British Bankers Association’s (“BBA”) London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies and the European Banking Federation’s Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”). The Swiss Competition Commission’s investigation relating to EURIBOR, to which the Firm and one other bank remain subject, continues. In December 2016, the European Commission issued a decision against the Firm and other banks finding an infringement of European antitrust rules relating to EURIBOR. The Firm has filed an appeal of that decision with the European General Court, and that appeal is pending.
189
In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in various individual and putative class actions related to benchmark rates, including U.S. dollar LIBOR. In actions related to U.S. dollar LIBOR during the period that it was administered by the BBA, the Firm has obtained dismissal of certain actions and resolved certain other actions, and others are in various stages of litigation. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York has granted class certification of antitrust claims related to bonds and interest rate swaps sold directly by the defendants, including the Firm. A consolidated putative class action related to the period that U.S. dollar LIBOR was administered by ICE Benchmark Administration has been dismissed. In addition, a group of individual plaintiffs filed a lawsuit asserting antitrust claims, alleging that the Firm and other defendants were engaged in an unlawful agreement to set U.S. dollar LIBOR and conspired to monopolize the market for LIBOR-based consumer loans and credit cards. In September 2022, the Court dismissed plaintiffs' complaint in its entirety, and plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting similar antitrust claims, which defendants have moved to dismiss. The Firm’s settlements of putative class actions related to the Singapore Interbank Offered Rate and the Singapore Swap Offer Rate, and the Australian Bank Bill Swap Reference Rate received final court approval in November 2022, while the settlement related to Swiss franc LIBOR remains subject to court approval.
Securities Lending Antitrust Litigation
. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, J.P. Morgan Prime, Inc., and J.P. Morgan Strategic Securities Lending Corp. are named as defendants in a putative class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint asserts violations of federal antitrust law and New York State common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy to prevent the emergence of anonymous exchange trading for securities lending transactions. Defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint was denied. Plaintiffs have moved to certify a class in this action, which defendants have opposed. The parties have reached an agreement in principle to settle this action, subject to final documentation and court approval.
Shareholder Litigation
. Several shareholder putative class actions, as well as shareholder derivative actions purporting to act on behalf of the Firm, have been filed against the Firm, its Board of Directors and certain of its current and former officers.
Certain of these shareholder suits relate to historical trading practices by former employees in the precious metals and U.S. treasuries markets and related conduct which were the subject of the Firm’s resolutions with the DOJ, CFTC and SEC in September 2020, and fiduciary activities that were separately the subject of a resolution between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the OCC in November 2020. One of these shareholder derivative suits was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in May 2022, asserting breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment claims relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct and fiduciary activities which
were the subject of the resolutions described above. In December 2022, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss this action in full, and in January 2023, the plaintiff filed a notice of appeal, which remains pending. A second shareholder derivative action was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in December 2022 relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct, which asserts breach of fiduciary duty and contribution claims and alleges that the shareholder is excused from making a demand to commence litigation because such a demand would have been futile. Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaint. In addition, a consolidated putative class action is pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York on behalf of shareholders who acquired shares of JPMorgan Chase common stock during the putative class period, alleging that certain SEC filings of the Firm were materially false or misleading because they did not disclose certain information relating to the historical trading practices and conduct. Defendants have moved to dismiss the amended complaint in this action.
A separate shareholder derivative suit was filed in March 2022 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York asserting breaches of fiduciary duty and violations of federal securities laws based on the alleged failure of the Board of Directors to exercise adequate oversight over the Firm’s compliance with records preservation requirements which were the subject of resolutions between certain of the Firm’s subsidiaries and the SEC and the CFTC. Defendants’ motion to dismiss the amended complaint is pending.
Two
shareholder derivative suits were filed in May and June 2023, respectively, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York asserting breaches of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment based on the alleged failure of the Board of Directors and James Dimon to exercise adequate oversight with respect to the Firm’s provision of banking services to Jeffrey Epstein. These actions allege that the shareholders are excused from making a demand to commence litigation because such a demand would have been futile. These actions were consolidated and defendants have moved to dismiss the amended complaint filed by the plaintiffs.
* * *
In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.
The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable
190
that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was $
420
million and $
73
million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or consequences related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, consideration of the material legal proceedings described above and after taking into account its current litigation reserves and its estimated aggregate range of possible losses, that the other legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.
191
Note 27 –
Business segments
The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. There are
four
major reportable business segments - Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to Segment results below, and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s business segments.
Segment results
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s segment results as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on an FTE basis.
Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s managed basis.
Capital allocation
The amount of capital assigned to each business segment is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs may change. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm updated its line of business capital allocations to reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Line of business equity on page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
Segment results and reconciliation
(a)
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Consumer &
Community Banking
Corporate &
Investment Bank
Commercial Banking
Asset & Wealth Management
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Noninterest revenue
$
3,543
$
3,850
(b)
$
10,802
$
8,805
(b)
$
835
$
904
$
3,358
$
3,084
Net interest income
13,690
8,708
1,717
3,198
3,153
1,779
1,585
1,222
Total net revenue
17,233
12,558
12,519
12,003
3,988
2,683
4,943
4,306
Provision for credit losses
1,862
761
38
59
1,097
209
145
44
Noninterest expense
8,313
7,658
(b)
6,894
6,810
(b)
1,300
1,156
3,163
2,919
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
7,058
4,139
5,587
5,134
1,591
1,318
1,635
1,343
Income tax expense/(benefit)
1,752
1,031
(b)
1,495
1,417
(b)
383
324
409
339
Net income/(loss)
$
5,306
$
3,108
$
4,092
$
3,717
$
1,208
$
994
$
1,226
$
1,004
Average equity
$
54,346
$
50,000
$
108,000
$
103,000
$
29,505
$
25,000
$
16,670
$
17,000
Total assets
620,193
500,219
1,432,054
1,403,558
305,280
242,456
247,118
235,553
ROE
38
%
24
%
15
%
14
%
16
%
15
%
29
%
23
%
Overhead ratio
48
61
55
57
33
43
64
68
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
Reconciling Items
(a)
Total
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Noninterest revenue
$
1,980
$
(
244
)
$
(
990
)
$
(
812
)
$
19,528
$
15,587
Net interest income
1,738
324
(
104
)
(
103
)
21,779
15,128
Total net revenue
3,718
80
(
1,094
)
(
915
)
41,307
30,715
Provision for credit losses
(
243
)
28
—
—
2,899
1,101
Noninterest expense
1,152
206
—
—
20,822
18,749
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
2,809
(
154
)
(
1,094
)
(
915
)
17,586
10,865
Income tax expense/(benefit)
169
20
(
1,094
)
(
915
)
3,114
2,216
Net income/(loss)
$
2,640
$
(
174
)
$
—
$
—
$
14,472
$
8,649
Average equity
$
69,364
$
52,986
$
—
$
—
$
277,885
$
247,986
Total assets
1,263,595
1,459,528
NA
NA
3,868,240
3,841,314
ROE
NM
NM
NM
NM
20
%
13
%
Overhead ratio
NM
NM
NM
NM
50
61
(a)
Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
192
Segment results and reconciliation
(a)
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Consumer &
Community Banking
Corporate &
Investment Bank
Commercial Banking
Asset & Wealth Management
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Noninterest revenue
$
7,166
$
7,705
(b)
$
22,325
$
18,809
(b)
$
1,616
$
1,771
$
6,691
$
6,323
Net interest income
26,523
17,035
3,794
6,770
5,883
3,310
3,036
2,298
Total net revenue
33,689
24,740
26,119
25,579
7,499
5,081
9,727
8,621
Provision for credit losses
3,264
1,439
96
504
1,514
366
173
198
Noninterest expense
16,378
15,313
(b)
14,377
14,173
(b)
2,608
2,285
6,254
5,779
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
14,047
7,988
11,646
10,902
3,377
2,430
3,300
2,644
Income tax expense/(benefit)
3,498
1,972
(b)
3,133
2,813
(b)
822
586
707
632
Net income/(loss)
$
10,549
$
6,016
$
8,513
$
8,089
$
2,555
$
1,844
$
2,593
$
2,012
Average equity
$
53,180
$
50,000
$
108,000
$
103,000
$
29,005
$
25,000
$
16,337
$
17,000
Total assets
620,193
500,219
1,432,054
1,403,558
305,280
242,456
247,118
235,553
ROE
39
%
23
%
15
%
15
%
17
%
14
%
31
%
23
%
Overhead ratio
49
62
55
55
35
45
64
67
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
Reconciling Items
(a)
Total
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Noninterest revenue
$
1,225
$
(
589
)
$
(
1,857
)
$
(
1,587
)
$
37,166
$
32,432
Net interest income
3,478
(
212
)
(
224
)
(
201
)
42,490
29,000
Total net revenue
4,703
(
801
)
(
2,081
)
(
1,788
)
79,656
61,432
Provision for credit losses
127
57
—
—
5,174
2,564
Noninterest expense
1,312
390
—
—
40,929
37,940
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
3,264
(
1,248
)
(
2,081
)
(
1,788
)
33,553
20,928
Income tax expense/(benefit)
380
(
218
)
(
2,081
)
(
1,788
)
6,459
3,997
Net income/(loss)
$
2,884
$
(
1,030
)
$
—
$
—
$
27,094
$
16,931
Average equity
$
68,038
$
55,234
$
—
$
—
$
274,560
$
250,234
Total assets
1,263,595
1,459,528
NA
NA
3,868,240
3,841,314
ROE
NM
NM
NM
NM
19
%
13
%
Overhead ratio
NM
NM
NM
NM
51
62
(a)
Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.
(b)
In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
193
Note 28 –
Business combinations
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as receiver, for
$
67.9
billion,
resulting in an estimated bargain purchase gain of $
2.7
billion recorded in other income. The estimated bargain purchase gain represents the excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired above the purchase price. The First Republic acquisition further advances the Firm's wealth management strategy and is complementary to the Firm's existing franchises.
The Firm has determined that this acquisition constitutes a business combination under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, the initial recognition of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were generally measured at their estimated fair values as of May 1, 2023. The determination of those fair values required management to make certain market-based assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates and other valuation inputs at the time of the acquisition. The Firm believes that the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed provide a reasonable basis for determining the estimated bargain purchase gain.
The Firm and the FDIC have not yet completed the settlement process under which the purchase price, and the identification of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, will be finalized. The finalization of this settlement process may impact the amount of the estimated bargain purchase gain. The purchase and assumption agreement entered into with the FDIC allows for final settlement to occur up to a year after the acquisition date.
In addition, the purchase price and the estimated bargain purchase gain could change pending management's finalization of its acquisition date fair value estimates for certain of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (such as loans and commitments, intangible assets and leases), which may take place up to one year from the acquisition date, as permitted by U.S. GAAP.
In connection with the First Republic acquisition, the Firm and the FDIC entered into
two
shared-loss agreements with respect to certain loans and lending-related commitments (the "shared-loss assets"): the Commercial Shared-Loss Agreement ("CSLA") and the Single-Family Shared-Loss Agreement (“SFSLA”). The CSLA covers
80
% of credit losses, on a pari-passu basis, over
5
years with a subsequent
3-year
recovery period for certain acquired commercial loans and other real estate exposure. The SFSLA covers
80
% of credit losses, on a pari-passu basis, for
7
years for certain acquired loans secured by mortgages on real property or shares in cooperative property constituting a primary residence. The indemnification assets which represent the fair value of the CSLA and SFSLA are reflected in the total assets acquired.
As part of the consideration paid, JPMorgan Chase issued a
five-year
, $
50
billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note"). The Purchase Money Note bears interest at a fixed rate of
3.4
% and is secured by certain of the acquired loans. The Purchase Money Note is prepayable upon notice to the FDIC.
The Firm had placed a $
5
billion deposit with First Republic Bank on March 16, 2023, as part of $
30
billion of deposits provided by a consortium of large U.S. banks. The Firm's $
5
billion deposit was effectively settled as part of the acquisition and the associated allowance for credit losses was released upon closing. The Firm subsequently repaid the remaining $
25
billion of deposits to the consortium of banks, including accrued interest through the payment date on May 9, 2023.
194
The computation of the purchase price, the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of the First Republic acquisition and the related estimated bargain purchase gain are presented below.
Fair value purchase
price allocation as of
May 1, 2023
(in millions)
Purchase price consideration
Amounts paid/due to the FDIC, net of cash acquired
(a)
$
13,589
Purchase Money Note (at fair value)
48,848
Settlement of First Republic deposit and other related party transactions
(b)
5,447
Contingent consideration - Shared-loss agreements
15
Purchase price consideration
$
67,899
Assets
Securities
$
30,285
Loans
152,335
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles
1,462
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements
675
Accounts receivable and other assets
(c)
7,551
Total assets acquired
$
192,308
Liabilities
Deposits
$
87,507
FHLB advances
27,919
Lending-related commitments
2,409
Accounts payable and other liabilities
(c)
3,006
Deferred tax liabilities
856
Total liabilities assumed
$
121,697
Fair value of net assets acquired
$
70,611
Estimated gain on acquisition, after income taxes
$
2,712
(a)
Includes $
10.6
billion of cash paid to the FDIC at acquisition and $
3.7
billion payable to the FDIC, less cash acquired of $
680
million.
(b)
Includes $
447
million of securities financing transactions with First Republic Bank that were effectively settled on the acquisition date.
(c)
Other assets include
$
1.2
billion
in tax-oriented investments and $
756
million
of lease right-of-use assets. Other liabilities include the
related tax-oriented investment liabilities of $
669
million and
lease liabilities of $
756
million. Refer to Note 14 and Note 17 for additional information.
The issuance of the $
50
billion Purchase Money Note, the effective settlement of the Firm's $
5
billion deposit and
$
447
million
of securities financing with First Republic Bank, and the $
3.7
billion payable to the FDIC as part of the purchase price consideration are considered non-cash transactions.
The following describes the accounting policies and fair value methodologies generally used by the Firm for the following assets acquired and liabilities assumed: core deposit and customer relationship intangibles, shared-loss agreements and the related indemnification assets, Purchase Money Note, and FHLB advances.
Refer to JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s accounting policies and valuation methodologies for securities, loans, deposits, and lending-related commitments.
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles
Core deposit and certain wealth management customer relationship intangibles were acquired as part of the First Republic transaction. The core deposit intangible of $
1.3
billion was valued by discounting estimated after-tax cost savings over the remaining useful life of the deposits using the favorable source of funds method. The after-tax cost savings were estimated based on the difference between the cost of maintaining the core deposit base relative to the cost of next best alternative funding sources available to market participants. The customer relationship intangibles of $
187
million were valued by discounting estimated after-tax earnings over their remaining useful lives using the multi-period excess earnings method. Both intangible asset valuations utilized assumptions that the Firm believes a market participant would use to estimate fair values, such as growth and attrition rates, projected fee income as well
as related costs to service the relationships, and discount rates. The core deposit and customer relationship intangibles will be amortized over a projected period of future cash flows of approximately
7
years. As of June 30, 2023, the carrying values of the core deposit and customer relationship intangibles were $
1.2
billion and $
183
million, respectively, reflecting accumulated amortization of approximately $
30
million and $
4
million, respectively.
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements
The indemnification assets represent forecasted recoveries from the FDIC associated with the shared-loss assets over the respective shared loss recovery periods. The indemnification assets were recorded at fair value in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets on the acquisition date. The fair values of the indemnification assets were estimated based on the timing of the forecasted losses underlying the related allowance for credit losses.
195
The subsequent quarterly remeasurement of the indemnification assets will be based on changes in amount and timing of forecasted losses in the allowance for credit losses associated with the shared loss assets and will be recorded in other income. Under certain circumstances, the Firm may be required to make a payment to the FDIC upon termination of the shared-loss agreements based on the level of actual losses and recoveries on the shared-loss assets. The estimated potential future payment is reflected as contingent consideration as part of the purchase price consideration.
Purchase Money Note and FHLB advances
The Purchase Money Note is recorded in long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Purchase Money Note was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology and incorporated estimated market discount rates.
The FHLB advances assumed in the acquisition are recorded in short-term borrowings and in long-term debt. The fair value of the FHLB advances was based on a discounted cash flow methodology and considered the observed FHLB advance issuance rates.
Loans
The following table presents the unpaid principal balance and estimated fair value of the loans acquired as of May 1, 2023.
May 1, 2023
(in millions)
UPB
Fair value
Residential real estate
$
106,240
$
91,906
Auto and other
3,092
2,031
Total consumer
109,332
93,937
Secured by real estate
37,119
33,605
Commercial & industrial
4,333
3,933
Other
22,597
20,860
Total wholesale
64,049
58,398
Total loans
$
173,381
$
152,335
Unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information
Included in the Firm's Consolidated statements of income are noninterest revenue, net interest income and net income contributed by First Republic since the acquisition date of May 1, 2023 of $
3.1
billion, $
897
million and $
2.4
billion, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
The following table presents certain unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 as if the First Republic acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022, including recognition of the estimated bargain purchase gain of $
2.7
billion and the provision for credit losses of $
1.2
billion. Additional adjustments include the interest on the Purchase Money Note and the impact of amortizing and accreting certain estimated fair value adjustments related to intangible assets and loans.
The Firm expects to achieve operating cost savings and other business synergies resulting from the acquisition that are not reflected in the pro forma amounts. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the historical results of operations had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2022, nor is it indicative of the results of operations in future periods, particularly in light of recent changes in market and economic conditions.
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2023
2022
2023
2022
Noninterest revenue
$
16,924
$
15,853
$
34,832
$
35,675
Net interest income
22,184
16,180
44,084
30,997
Net income
13,565
9,086
26,726
18,887
196
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of June 30, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income and changes in stockholders’ equity for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30,2023 and 2022 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Firm as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 21, 2023, which included a paragraph describing a change in the manner of accounting for credit losses on certain financial instruments in 2020, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2022, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Firm in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
August 3, 2023
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017
197
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates (unaudited)
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Three months ended June 30, 2022
Average
balance
Interest
(f)
Rate
(annualized)
Average
balance
Interest
(f)
Rate
(annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks
$
495,018
$
5,189
4.20
%
$
694,644
$
1,079
0.62
%
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
326,563
3,767
4.63
305,132
543
0.71
Securities borrowed
191,393
1,866
3.91
207,437
173
0.33
Trading assets – debt instruments
391,945
4,025
4.12
273,736
2,058
3.02
Taxable securities
578,876
4,194
2.91
644,037
2,289
1.43
Nontaxable securities
(a)
32,676
390
4.79
28,762
309
4.31
Total investment securities
611,552
4,584
3.01
(g)
672,799
2,598
1.55
(g)
Loans
1,238,237
20,351
6.59
1,093,106
11,656
4.28
All other interest-earning assets
(b)
89,072
1,966
8.85
139,040
642
1.85
Total interest-earning assets
3,343,780
41,748
5.01
3,385,894
18,749
2.22
Allowance for loan losses
(20,055)
(17,194)
Cash and due from banks
25,228
28,712
Trading assets – equity and other instruments
169,558
151,309
Trading assets – derivative receivables
63,339
84,483
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible Assets
62,530
59,355
All other noninterest-earning assets
207,008
219,084
Total assets
$
3,851,388
$
3,911,643
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
$
1,715,699
$
9,591
2.24
%
$
1,790,421
$
898
0.20
%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
263,718
3,400
5.17
233,376
445
0.76
Short-term borrowings
(c)
35,335
428
4.87
50,833
113
0.91
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing
liabilities
(d)(e)
293,269
2,373
3.25
274,435
471
0.69
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
15,947
197
4.95
10,577
30
1.11
Long-term debt
294,239
3,876
5.28
246,195
1,561
2.54
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,618,207
19,865
3.04
2,605,837
3,518
0.54
Noninterest-bearing deposits
671,715
741,891
Trading liabilities – equity and other instruments
(e)
28,513
40,937
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
46,934
61,026
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
180,730
181,128
Total liabilities
3,546,099
3,630,819
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock
27,404
32,838
Common stockholders’ equity
277,885
247,986
Total stockholders’ equity
305,289
280,824
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
3,851,388
$
3,911,643
Interest rate spread
1.97
%
1.68
%
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
$
21,883
2.62
$
15,231
1.80
(a)
Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)
Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)
Includes commercial paper.
(d)
All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.
(e)
The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $153.7 billion and $140.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(f)
Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(g)
The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 2.96% and 1.52% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.
198
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates (unaudited)
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2022
Average
balance
Interest
(f)
Rate
(annualized)
Average
balance
Interest
(f)
Rate
(annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks
$
500,311
$
10,008
4.03
%
$
718,346
$
1,317
0.37
%
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
319,911
6,898
4.35
300,070
940
0.63
Securities borrowed
192,114
3,582
3.76
212,704
86
0.08
Trading assets – debt instruments
374,908
7,685
4.13
272,931
3,833
2.83
Taxable securities
587,750
8,161
2.80
643,340
4,268
1.34
Nontaxable securities
(a)
29,022
698
4.85
28,647
616
4.34
Total investment securities
616,772
8,859
2.90
(g)
671,987
4,884
1.47
(g)
Loans
1,184,231
38,105
6.49
1,080,939
22,317
4.16
All other interest-earning assets
(b)
92,372
3,735
8.15
136,902
966
1.42
Total interest-earning assets
3,280,619
78,872
4.85
3,393,879
34,343
2.04
Allowance for loan losses
(19,593)
(16,807)
Cash and due from banks
25,640
28,340
Trading assets – equity and other instruments
160,868
154,093
Trading assets – derivative receivables
63,929
75,956
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible Assets
61,697
58,455
All other noninterest-earning assets
207,913
215,313
Total assets
$
3,781,073
$
3,909,229
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
$
1,692,993
$
17,228
2.05
%
$
1,785,896
$
1,080
0.12
%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
258,045
6,204
4.85
241,749
558
0.47
Short-term borrowings
(c)
37,039
849
4.63
49,360
157
0.64
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing
liabilities
(d)(e)
285,467
4,344
3.07
268,762
662
0.50
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
14,722
344
4.71
10,733
48
0.90
Long-term debt
271,912
7,189
5.33
250,165
2,637
2.13
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,560,178
36,158
2.85
2,606,665
5,142
0.40
Noninterest-bearing deposits
661,138
738,083
Trading liabilities – equity and other instruments
(e)
29,137
42,159
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
48,139
57,792
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
180,517
181,116
Total liabilities
3,479,109
3,625,815
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock
27,404
33,180
Common stockholders’ equity
274,560
250,234
Total stockholders’ equity
301,964
283,414
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
3,781,073
$
3,909,229
Interest rate spread
2.00
%
1.64
%
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
$
42,714
2.63
$
29,201
1.74
(a)
Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)
Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)
Includes commercial paper.
(d)
All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.
(e)
The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $148.5 billion and $140.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(f)
Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(g)
The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 2.85% and 1.45% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS
2022 Form 10-K:
Annual report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
ABS
: Asset-backed securities
Active foreclosures:
Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
AFS:
Available-for-sale
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans:
represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.
Amortized cost:
Amount at which a financing receivable or investment is originated or acquired, adjusted for accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, charge-offs, foreign exchange, and fair value hedge accounting adjustments. For AFS securities, amortized cost is also reduced by any impairment losses recognized in earnings. Amortized cost is not reduced by the allowance for credit losses, except where explicitly presented net.
AOCI
: Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
ARM(s)
: Adjustable rate mortgage(s)
AUC:
“Assets under custody”: Represents assets held directly or indirectly on behalf of clients under safekeeping, custody and servicing arrangements.
Auto loan and lease origination volume:
Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
AWM:
Asset & Wealth Management
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
:
represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates.
BHC:
Bank holding company
BWM
: Banking & Wealth Management
Bridge Financing Portfolio:
A portfolio of held-for-sale unfunded loan commitments and funded loans. The unfunded commitments include both short-term bridge loan commitments that will ultimately be replaced by longer term financing as well as term loan commitments. The funded loans include term loans and funded revolver facilities.
CB:
Commercial Banking
CCAR:
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCB:
Consumer & Community Banking
CDS
: Credit default swaps
CECL:
Current Expected Credit Losses
CEO:
Chief Executive Officer
CET1 capital
: Common equity Tier 1 capital
CFO:
Chief Financial Officer
CFTC
: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CIB:
Corporate & Investment Bank
CIO:
Chief Investment Office
Client assets
: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities:
Deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs.
Client investment assets
: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage and annuity accounts, and deposits held in investment accounts.
CLTV
: Combined loan-to-value
CMT:
Constant Maturity Treasury
Collateral-dependent
: A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the
collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including when foreclosure is deemed probable based on borrower delinquency.
Commercial Card:
provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.
Credit derivatives
:
Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third-party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Determinations Committee.
Criticized
: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
CRR:
Capital Requirements Regulation
CVA:
Credit valuation adjustment
200
Deposit margin:
Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
DVA:
Debit valuation adjustment
EC
: European Commission
Eligible HQLA:
Eligible high-quality liquid assets, for purposes of calculating the LCR, is the amount of unencumbered HQLA that satisfy certain operational considerations as defined in the LCR rule.
Eligible LTD:
Long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria
Embedded derivatives:
are implicit or explicit terms or features of a financial instrument that affect some or all of the cash flows or the value of the instrument in a manner similar to a derivative. An instrument containing such terms or features is referred to as a “hybrid.” The component of the hybrid that is the non-derivative instrument is referred to as the “host.” For example, callable debt is a hybrid instrument that contains a plain vanilla debt instrument (i.e., the host) and an embedded option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt issue at a specified date for a specified amount (i.e., the embedded derivative). However, a floating rate instrument is not a hybrid composed of a fixed-rate instrument and an interest rate swap.
EPS:
Earnings per share
ERISA:
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
ESG:
Environmental, Social and Governance
ETD: “Exchange-traded derivatives”:
Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.
EU:
European Union
Expense categories:
•
Volume- and/or revenue-related
expenses generally correlate with changes in the related business/transaction volume or revenue. Examples of volume- and revenue-related expenses include commissions and incentive compensation, depreciation expense related to operating lease assets, and brokerage expense related to equities trading transaction volume.
•
Investments
include expenses associated with supporting medium- to longer-term strategic plans of the Firm. Examples of investments include initiatives in technology (including related compensation), marketing, and compensation for new bankers and client advisors.
•
Structural
expenses are those associated with the day-to-day cost of running the bank and are expenses not covered by the above two categories. Examples of structural expenses include employee salaries and benefits, as well as noncompensation costs such as real estate and all other expenses.
Fannie Mae
: Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB
: Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCA
: Financial Conduct Authority
FDIC
: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM: "Financial difficulty modification"
applies to loan modifications effective January 1, 2023, and
is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies specific terms of the original loan agreement. The following types of modifications are considered FDMs: principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications.
Federal Reserve:
The Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FFIEC:
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA
: Federal Housing Administration
FHLB
: Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO score:
A measure of consumer credit risk based on information in consumer credit reports produced by Fair Isaac Corporation. Because certain aged data is excluded from credit reports based on rules in the Fair Credit Reporting Act, FICO scores may not reflect all historical information about a consumer.
FICC:
Fixed Income Clearing Corporation
FINRA:
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
Firm:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Forward points:
represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.
Freddie Mac:
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Free-standing derivatives
: is a derivative contract entered into either separate and apart from any of the Firm’s other financial instruments or equity transactions. Or, in conjunction with some other transaction and is legally detachable and separately exercisable.
FTE:
Fully taxable-equivalent
FVA:
Funding valuation adjustment
FX
: Foreign exchange
G7
: “Group of Seven nations”:
Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.
G7 government securities
:
Securities issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.
Ginnie Mae
: Government National Mortgage Association
GSIB:
Global systemically important banks
HELOC
: Home equity line of credit
Home equity – senior lien
:
represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
Home equity – junior lien
:
represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.
HQLA:
High-quality liquid assets
HTM
: Held-to-maturity
IBOR:
Interbank Offered Rate
201
IDI
: Insured depository institutions
IHC:
JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC, an intermediate holding company
Investment-grade
:
An indication of credit quality based on JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.
IR:
Interest rate
ISDA
: International Swaps and Derivatives Association
JPMorgan Chase:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.:
JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
JPMorgan Chase Foundation or Foundation:
a not-for-profit organization that makes contributions for charitable and educational purposes.
J.P. Morgan Securities:
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
JPMSE:
J.P. Morgan SE
LCR:
Liquidity coverage ratio
LIBOR
: London Interbank Offered Rate
LLC
:
Limited Liability Company
LOB
: Line of business
LTV: “Loan-to-value ratio”:
For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.
Origination date LTV ratio
The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.
Current estimated LTV ratio
An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
Combined LTV ratio
The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.
Macro businesses:
the macro businesses include Rates, Currencies and Emerging Markets, Fixed Income Financing and Commodities in CIB's Fixed Income Markets.
Managed basis:
A non-GAAP presentation of Firmwide financial results that includes reclassifications to present
revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management also uses this financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.
Markets:
consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.
Master netting agreement:
A single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due).
MBS:
Mortgage-backed securities
MD&A:
Management’s discussion and analysis
Measurement alternative
: Measures equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer.
Merchant Services:
offers merchants payment processing capabilities, fraud and risk management, data and analytics, and other payments services. Through Merchant Services, merchants of all sizes can accept payments via credit and debit cards and payments in multiple currencies.
MEV:
Macroeconomic variable
Moody’s
: Moody’s Investor Services
Mortgage product types
:
Alt-A
Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high CLTV ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.
Option ARMs
The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest
202
accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.
Prime
Prime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
Subprime
Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.
MREL
: Minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities
MSR
: Mortgage servicing rights
NA
:
Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.
Net Capital Rule:
Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate:
represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.
Net interchange income
includes the following components:
•
Interchange income:
Fees earned by credit and debit card issuers on sales transactions.
•
Rewards costs:
The cost to the Firm for points earned by cardholders enrolled in credit card rewards programs generally tied to sales transactions.
•
Partner payments:
Payments to co-brand credit card partners based on the cost of loyalty program rewards earned by cardholders on credit card transactions.
Net yield on interest-earning assets:
The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.
NFA:
National Futures Association
NM
:
Not meaningful
Nonaccrual loans
: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and
interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.
Nonperforming assets:
Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfactions, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.
NSFR:
Net Stable Funding Ratio
OCC
: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI
: Other comprehensive income/(loss)
OPEB
: Other postretirement employee benefit
OTC
: “Over-the-counter derivatives”:
Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.
OTC cleared
: “Over-the-counter cleared derivatives”:
Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.
Overhead ratio:
Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.
Parent Company:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Participating securities:
represents unvested share-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its share-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
PCD:
“Purchased credit deteriorated” assets represent acquired financial assets that as of the date of acquisition have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Firm.
Pillar 1:
The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 1 establishes minimum capital requirements, defines eligible capital instruments, and prescribes rules for calculating RWA.
Pillar 3:
The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 3 encourages market discipline through disclosure requirements which allow market participants to assess the risk and capital profiles of banks.
PPP:
Paycheck Protection Program under the Small Business Association (“SBA”)
203
PRA:
Prudential Regulation Authority
Pre-provision profit/(loss):
represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
Principal transactions revenue
:
Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which the Firm is willing to buy a financial or other instrument and the price at which the Firm is willing to sell that instrument. It also consists of realized (as a result of closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments) and unrealized (as a result of changes in valuation) gains and losses on financial and other instruments (including those accounted for under the fair value option) primarily used in client-driven market-making activities and on private equity investments. In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities (including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities). Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk-management activities, including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk and foreign exchange risk, and (c) other derivatives.
PSU(s)
: Performance share units
Regulatory VaR:
Daily aggregated VaR calculated in accordance with regulatory rules.
REO:
Real estate owned
Reported basis:
Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.
Retained loans
:
Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).
Revenue wallet:
Total fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry (i.e., the revenue wallet) from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan
syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third-party provider of investment banking competitive analysis and volume based league tables for the above noted industry products.
RHS
: Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
ROE:
Return on equity
ROTCE:
Return on tangible common equity
ROU assets:
Right-of-use assets
RSU(s)
: Restricted stock units
RWA
: “Risk-weighted assets”:
Basel III establishes two comprehensive approaches for calculating RWA (a
Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced.
S&P
: Standard and Poors
SA-CCR:
Standardized Approach for Counterparty Credit Risk
SAR as it pertains to Hong Kong:
Special Administrative Region
SAR(s) as it pertains to employee stock awards
: Stock appreciation rights
SCB
:
Stress capital buffer
Scored portfolios:
Consumer loan portfolios that predominantly include residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans to individuals and certain small business loans.
SEC
: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securitized Products Group:
Comprised of Securitized Products and tax-oriented investments.
Seed capital:
Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.
Shelf securities:
Securities registered with the SEC under a shelf registration statement that have not been issued, offered or sold. These securities are not included in league tables until they have actually been issued
.
Single-name
: Single reference-entities
SLR
: Supplementary leverage ratio
SOFR:
Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SPEs
: Special purpose entities
Structural interest rate risk:
represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.
Structured notes
: Structured notes are financial instruments whose cash flows are linked to the movement in one or more indexes, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodities prices, prepayment rates, underlying reference pool of loans or other market variables. The notes typically contain embedded (but not separable or detachable) derivatives. Contractual cash flows for principal, interest, or both can vary in amount and timing
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throughout the life of the note based on non-traditional indexes or non-traditional uses of traditional interest rates or indexes.
Suspended foreclosures:
Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
Taxable-equivalent basis:
In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.
TBVPS:
Tangible book value per share
TCE:
Tangible common equity
TDR
: “Troubled debt restructuring” applies to loan modifications granted prior to January 1, 2023 and is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty. Loans with short-term and other insignificant modifications that are not considered concessions are not TDRs.
TLAC:
Total Loss Absorbing Capacity
U.K.
: United Kingdom
U.S.
: United States of America
U.S. GAAP
:
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
U.S. government agencies
: U.S. government agencies include, but are not limited to, agencies such as Ginnie Mae and FHA, and do not include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”). In general, obligations of U.S. government agencies are fully and explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government in the event of a default.
U.S. GSE(s)
: “U.S. government-sponsored enterprises” are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established or chartered by the U.S. government to serve public purposes as specified by the U.S. Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae or FHA. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S. Treasury
:
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Unaudited
: Financial statements and/or information that have not been subject to auditing procedures by an independent registered public accounting firm.
VA
: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR: “Value-at-risk”
is a measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.
VIEs
: Variable interest entities
Warehouse loans
:
consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as loans.
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LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)
Debit and credit card sales volume:
Dollar amount of card member purchases, net of returns.
Deposit margin:
Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
Home Lending Production and Home Lending Servicing revenue comprises the following:
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Includes operating revenue earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, which is recognized over the period in which the service is provided; changes in the fair value of MSRs; the impact of risk management activities associated with MSRs; and gains and losses on securitization of excess mortgage servicing. Net mortgage servicing revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments of certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies.
Production revenue:
Includes fees and income recognized as earned on mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, and the impact of risk management activities associated with the mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans. Production revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held-for-sale (excluding certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies), and changes in the fair value of financial instruments measured under the fair value option.
Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:
Retail:
Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.
Correspondent:
Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.
Credit card:
is a business that primarily issues credit cards to consumers and small businesses.
Net revenue rate:
Represents Card Services net revenue (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average loans for the period.
Auto loan and lease origination volume
:
Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK (“CIB”)
Definition of selected CIB revenue:
Investment Banking:
incorporates all revenue associated with investment banking activities, and is reported net of investment banking revenue shared with other LOBs.
Payments
is a full service provider of cash management solutions, which primarily includes merchant acquiring, cross border and domestic payments, liquidity and account services, and global trade for multinational corporations, e-commerce and marketplace operators, and financial institutions.
Lending:
includes net interest income, fees, gains or losses on loan sale activity, gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, and the risk management results related to the credit portfolio.
Fixed Income Markets:
primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
Equity Markets:
primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and prime brokerage.
Securities Services:
primarily
includes custody, fund accounting and administration, and securities lending products sold principally to asset managers, insurance companies and public and private investment funds. Also includes collateral management and depositary receipts businesses which provide collateral management products, and depositary bank services for American and global depositary receipt programs.
Description
of
certain business metrics:
Assets under custody (“AUC”):
represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.
Investment banking fees:
represents advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.
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COMMERCIAL BANKING (“CB”)
Commercial Banking provides comprehensive financial solutions, including lending, payments, investment banking and asset management products across three primary client segments: Middle Market Banking, Corporate Client Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking. Other includes amounts not aligned with a primary client segment.
Middle Market Banking:
covers small and midsized companies, local governments and nonprofit clients.
Corporate Client Banking:
covers large corporations.
Commercial Real Estate Banking:
covers
investors, developers, and owners of multifamily, office, retail, industrial and affordable housing properties.
CB product revenue comprises the following:
Lending:
includes a variety of financing alternatives, which are primarily provided on a secured basis; collateral includes receivables, inventory, equipment, real estate or other assets. Products include term loans, revolving lines of credit, bridge financing, asset-based structures, leases, and standby letters of credit.
Payments:
includes cash management solutions, which primarily includes merchant acquiring, cross border and domestic payments, liquidity and account services, and global trade solutions offered to CB clients.
Investment banking:
includes revenue from a range of products providing CB clients with sophisticated capital-raising alternatives, as well as balance sheet and risk management tools through advisory, equity underwriting, and loan syndications. Revenue from fixed income and equity market products used by CB clients is also included.
Other:
revenue primarily includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking and activity derived from principal transactions.
ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT (“AWM”)
Assets under management (“AUM”):
represent assets managed by AWM on behalf of its Private Banking, Global Institutional and Global Funds clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called.”
Client assets:
represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Multi-asset:
Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.
Alternative assets:
The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.
AWM’s lines of business consist of the following:
Asset Management:
offers multi-asset investment management solutions across equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market funds to institutional and retail investors providing for a broad range of clients’ investment needs.
Global Private Bank:
provides retirement products and services, brokerage, custody, trusts and estates, loans, mortgages, deposits and investment management to high net worth clients.
AWM’s client segments consist of the following:
Private Banking:
clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers and business owners.
Global Institutional:
clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.
Global Funds:
clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.
Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star
: Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. An overall Morningstar rating is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten- year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S.-domiciled funds, separate star ratings are provided at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from these rankings. All ratings, the assigned peer
207
categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the applicable fund rating provider. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds, except for Japan, for which Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three, and five years):
All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the fund rating providers. Quartile rankings are based on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking for U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
“
Primary share class
” means the C share class for European funds and Acc share class for Hong Kong and Taiwan funds. If these share classes are not available, the oldest share class is used as the primary share class.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Refer to the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis and pages 131-138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Refer to Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certifications furnished by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively.
The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Deficiencies or lapses in internal controls may occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal control in the future and collateral consequences therefrom. Refer to “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 155 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
On May 1, 2023, the Firm acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank from the FDIC. The Firm has included internal controls over these acquired assets and assumed liabilities in its evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures. Otherwise, there was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 26 of this Form 10-Q for information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The following discussion supplements the discussion of risk factors affecting the Firm as set forth in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page
95
of this Form 10-Q. The discussion of risk factors, as so supplemented, sets forth the material risk factors that could affect JPMorgan Chase’s financial condition and operations. Readers should not consider any descriptions of such factors to be a complete set of all potential risks that could affect the Firm.
JPMorgan Chase’s acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of First Republic Bank may not result in all of the benefits anticipated.
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank from the FDIC (the “First Republic acquisition”). There can be no assurance that the First Republic acquisition will have the anticipated positive results, including with respect to:
•
the total cost of integration
•
the time required to complete the integration
•
the amount of longer-term cost savings
•
the overall performance of the assets and liabilities acquired in the First Republic acquisition, or
•
an improved price for JPMorgan Chase’s common stock.
Integration of an acquired business can be complex and costly, and typically will involve the combination of relevant accounting and data processing systems and management controls, as well as managing relevant relationships with employees, clients, suppliers and other business partners. Integration efforts could divert management attention and resources, which could adversely affect JPMorgan Chase’s operations or results. In addition, JPMorgan Chase could incur unanticipated costs or losses in connection with the First Republic acquisition and its integration efforts.
Acquisitions may also result in business disruptions that cause JPMorgan Chase to lose clients and customers, or cause clients and customers to move their business to competing financial institutions. It is possible that the integration process could result in the disruption of ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that could adversely affect JPMorgan Chase’s ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, depositors and employees. In addition, the loss of key employees in connection with the First Republic acquisition
could adversely affect JPMorgan Chase’s ability to successfully conduct its business.
Supervision and regulation
Refer to the Supervision and regulation section on pages 4–8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information on Supervision and Regulation.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The Firm did not have any unregistered sale of equity securities during the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Repurchases under the common share repurchase program
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 of this Form 10-Q and pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information regarding repurchases under the Firm’s common share repurchase program.
The Firm is authorized to purchase up to $30 billion under its common share repurchase program previously approved by the Board of Directors.
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Shares repurchased pursuant to the common share repurchase program during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows.
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased
Average price paid per share of common stock
(a)
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases
(in millions)
(a)
Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase
(in millions)
(a)(b)
First quarter
21,995,253
$
133.67
$
2,940
$
26,693
April
5,327,553
$
134.39
$
716
$
25,977
May
6,251,030
136.77
855
25,122
June
5,132,716
140.66
722
24,400
Second quarter
16,711,299
$
137.20
$
2,293
$
24,400
Year-to-date
38,706,552
$
135.19
$
5,233
$
24,400
(a)
Excludes excise tax and commissions cost. As part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, a 1% excise tax was imposed on net share repurchases effective January 1, 2023.
(b)
Represents the amount remaining under the $30 billion repurchase program.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Director and executive officer trading arrangements
The following table provides information concerning Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements adopted in the second quarter of 2023 by any director or any executive officer who is subject to the filing requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These trading arrangements are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). Certain of the Firm's directors and executive officers may participate in employee stock purchase plans, 401(k) plans or dividend reinvestment plans of the Firm that have been designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c).
No non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were adopted
by any director or executive officer during the second quarter of 2023. Additionally,
no Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were terminated
by any director or executive officer in the second quarter of 2023.
Name
Title
Adoption date
Duration
(a)
Aggregate number of shares to be sold
Stacey Friedman
General Counsel
May 6, 2023
May 6, 2023 - December 29, 2023
8,620
Marianne Lake
Co-CEO, CCB
May 12, 2023
May 12, 2023 - December 29, 2023
32,243
(a)
Subject to compliance with Rule 10b5-1, duration could cease earlier than the final date shown above to the extent that the aggregate number of shares to be sold under the trading arrangement have been sold.
Iran threat reduction disclosure
Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which added Section 13(r) to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, an issuer is required to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with individuals or entities designated pursuant to certain Executive Orders. Disclosure may be required even where the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law. As of the date of this report, the Firm is not aware of any activity, transaction or dealing by any of its affiliates during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that requires disclosure under Section 219.
During the first quarter of 2023, a foreign-incorporated subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. processed a transaction in the amount of EUR 9.90 for its client, a non-U.S. subsidiary of a U.S. insurance provider, where the transaction originated from an external account held by an individual designated under 31 C.F.R. Part 594. The transaction, which was received into the client’s account held at the foreign-incorporated subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., was for the premium of a non-life insurance product that is now suspended and no funds were made available to the designated individual. The transaction was processed in error. JPMorgan Chase & Co. charged a fee of $0.006 for this transaction. JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not intend to engage in such transactions in the future.
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Item 6. Exhibits.
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
15
Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information.
(a)
22
Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities
.
(a)
31.1
Certification.
(a)
31.2
Certification.
(a)
32
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(b)
101.INS
The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
(c)
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
(a)
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
(a)
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
(a)
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
(a)
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
(a)
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).
(a)
Filed herewith.
(b)
Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(c)
Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Registrant)
By:
/s/ Elena Korablina
Elena Korablina
Managing Director and Firmwide Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date:
August 3, 2023
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