UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM10-K
For the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025
OR
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 0-19882
KOPIN CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (508) 870-5959
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large, accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large, accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 28, 2025 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recent second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of outstanding shares of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $249,887,595.
As of April 13, 2026, 183,363,415 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01per share, were issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant’s annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference in response to Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
INDEX
Part I
Forward Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are subject to the safe harbor created by such sections. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “could,” “would,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and variations of such words and similar expressions, and the negatives thereof, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such “forward-looking statements,” which speak only as of the date made, and advise readers that these forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, estimates, and assumptions by us that are difficult to predict. Various factors, some of which are beyond our control, could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such forward-looking statements. All such forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, and whether made by us or on our behalf, are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements and any other cautionary statements which may accompany the forward-looking statements. In addition, we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report, except as may otherwise be required by the federal securities laws.
We have identified the following important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements. Such factors may be in addition to the risks described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors;” Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations;” and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors include: our ability to source semiconductor components and other raw materials used in the manufacturing of our products amidst continued intermittent shortages, including from new and alternative suppliers; our ability to prosecute and defend our proprietary technology aggressively or successfully; our ability to recruit and retain personnel with experience and expertise relevant to our business; our ability to invest in research and development to achieve profitability even during periods when we are not profitable; any disruptions or delays in our supply chains, particularly with respect to semiconductor components, whether resulting from regional or global geopolitical developments, changes imposed by the current U.S. presidential administration, or otherwise; costs and outcomes relating to any disputes, governmental inquiries or investigations, regulatory proceedings, legal proceedings or litigation; our ability to continue to introduce new products in our target markets; our ability to generate revenue growth and positive cash flow, and reach profitability; the strengthening of the U.S. dollar and its effects on the price of our products in foreign markets; the impact of new regulations and customer demands relating to conflict minerals; our ability to obtain a competitive advantage in the wearable technologies market through our extensive portfolio of patents, trade secrets and non-patented know-how; our ability to grow within our targeted markets; the importance of small form factor displays in the development of defense, consumer, and industrial products such as thermal weapon sights, safety equipment, virtual and augmented reality gaming, training and simulation products and metrology tools; the suitability of our properties for our needs for the foreseeable future; and our need to achieve and maintain positive cash flow and profitability.
Overview
Corporate Background and Market Presence
As used herein, the terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Kopin Corporation, a Delaware corporation.
Kopin Corporation, a Delaware corporation, incorporated in 1984, and is headquartered in Westborough, Massachusetts, is a leader of innovative microdisplay technologies and optical systems, catering to defense, enterprise, industrial, consumer, and medical sectors. Our portfolio includes four types of miniature active-matrix liquid crystal displays (“AMLCDs”), liquid crystal on silicon (“LCOS”) displays, organic light emitting diode (“OLED”) displays, and emerging micro light emitting diode (“MicroLED”) displays, in addition to optics, electronics, and housings for subsystems which we call Application Specific Optical Solutions (“ASOS”). These microdisplays and subsystem solutions are all geared toward enhancing human performance when it matters most – in critical applications.
We are developing patent pending fifth-generation MicroDisplay called NeuralDisplay™. The display is a bi-directional, human-in-the-loop and artificial intelligence enabled backplane that can be manufactured into microdisplays using either OLED or MicroLED deposition technology. The Company continues to research bi-directional sensing capabilities with potential partners, customers and investors.
While microdisplays remain a core competency for Kopin, we also bring value to our customers through the design and manufacture of high-performance subsystems of application-specific solutions (“ASOS”) which include optics, electronics, and housings that are designed to meet the rigorous performance, size, weight, power, and cost requirements of the applications into which they are used.
These products are critical for applications ranging from weapon mounted thermal sights to spatial computing devices and medical headsets. We have been supplying our microdisplays and ASOS to the U.S. Department of War for many years for solider centric systems, rotary and fixed wing aircraft and are developing products for armored vehicles and soldier carried missile systems. Our market reach now extends globally, with significant operations in the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe. This global footprint and strategic focus underscores our capability to serve diverse and demanding markets, particularly in defense, where it supports both U.S. and international customers with development and production programs.
During 2025, Kopin received a significant and strategic Industrial Analysis and Sustainment Act (IBAS) award from the Secretary of War to research and develop color MicroLED technology for soldier borne systems, heads up displays and other imaging applications within aircraft and automotive applications. The Company expects to receive additional government funding to further the technology and establish domestic full-rate productions within 2026 and beyond.
Strategic Initiatives and Recent Developments
Our strategy is to expand our offerings from selling individual display components to integrated, higher-value complete solutions, including headsets and subsystems This direction is supported by our proprietary technologies, enabling the design and manufacture of high-performance, rugged systems. The additional capability of offering complete solutions to our customers by offering a seamless integration of components, ensuring optimal performance and ease of use. This is a critical differentiator, as competitors do not typically provide integrated subassemblies or headsets.
Our ability to meet specific customer needs is enhanced by our proprietary technologies, which include over 200 patents and patent applications covering microdisplays, optics, and related systems, providing a significant intellectual property advantage. Our technological edge allows us to develop products that are not only high-resolution and low power but also rugged enough for defense applications, such as pilot helmets and armored vehicle targeting systems.
The Company’s competitive edge is further strengthened by our focus on application-specific solutions, which cater to the unique requirements of each market segment. For example, in the industrial sector, we license wireless headset reference designs that integrate displays and optics for field service personnel, enhancing productivity. Similarly, in the medical field our stereoscopic 3D high-resolution headset is used by surgeons to provide comfortable and convenient visual support.
ONE Kopin Strategic Initiative and Rebranding
In alignment with our “ONE Kopin” strategic initiative, we have completed this strategic initiative to reorganize and streamline our operations. The initiative included a rebranding effort to unify our corporate identity, and as announced in recent corporate organizational updates.
Our unified business now operates through various market and technology groups, strategically located across multiple sites to support our global operations. These groups are organized by market segments (e.g., defense, industrial, consumer) and technology areas (e.g., AMLCD, FLCOS, OLED, MicroLED), with locations including Westborough, Massachusetts, Dalgety Bay, Scotland, and Reston, Virginia.
In addition to unifying our operations, we have also expanded and unified our sales and business development team, substantially increasing our investment in new customer acquisitions, existing customer revenue and margin enhancement, and diversification of our customer base. In the defense, medical and industrial segments that we serve, product development cycles and transitions from development to manufacturing are lengthy. Therefore, maintaining a robust pipeline of active customer-funded development programs that will evolve into production programs is a critical part of growing revenues and expanding our customer base. In conjunction with our portfolio of unique microdisplays and ASOS, we have also invested in our sales and business development group – nearly doubling the resources focused on acquisition of new customers and programs over the past 12 months.
This reorganization is designed to improve coordination and innovation, leveraging the strengths of each division under a single umbrella, and growing and diversify our customer base. Our multiple locations ensure global reach, supporting customers in the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe as these regions become more focused on sovereign defense spending, medical research and semiconductor developments.
Product Portfolio and Technological Edge
Our product lineup is diverse, with four micro-display technologies inclusive of both off-the-shelf and custom products, as well as complete headset solutions for training & simulation and medical applications, and ASOS sub-systems.
Manufacturing processes vary. For example, AMLCDs are designed in Westborough, then initial manufacturing steps occur in Taiwan and then the product is completed in Westborough, while FLCOS products are handled by our facility in Dalgety Bay, Scotland. Our OLED displays are designed in Westborough, the initial manufacturing occurs in South Korea, then they are completed in Europe or Asia. These displays are sold separately or integrated into subassemblies, including binocular modules and higher-level assemblies (“HLAs”) for defense, used in applications like weapon sights, pilot helmets, and training headsets.
Our development of OLED and MicroLED displays, including color and monochrome variants with capabilities such as NeuralDisplay™ Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) based eye-tracking, signifies our forward-looking approach to deliver new capabilities designed to optimize human performance. Additionally, we offer display drivers, application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICS”), optical lenses, and backlights, manufactured by third parties, complementing its core offerings.
Revenue Streams and Market Opportunities
Revenue generation derives primarily from the sale of displays, optical components, and ASOS that we manufacture for defense, industrial, medical and training and simulation applications, alongside customer-funded development contracts for U.S. defense programs. This dual revenue stream ensures stability and growth potential. Most of the programs designed for these market segments tend to run for extended time periods, potentially yielding multiple years of revenue and margin streams.
We are particularly well-positioned for the emerging augmented reality (“AR”) and virtual reality (“VR”) markets, leveraging our technology and intellectual property. Our unique position as the only known USA-based provider offering AMLCDs, LCOS, OLED and MicroOLED Displays, combined with optics, enhances our ability to offer the market a leading solution for each unique application, serving customers based on their specific needs. This is a significant competitive advantage for us. The addition of AI Enabled backplane architectures and pending patent applications in this area puts us at the forefront of display technology for consumer and defense applications.
Research and Development Focus
Internally funded research and development is concentrated on advancing OLED, MicroLED, and other display technologies such as bi-directional pixel architectures and software defined, AI enabled backplane architectures. Historically, we have invested in headset systems for emerging industrial and consumer markets, now licensed under agreements that may include royalties and purchase commitments. We believe this licensing strategy results in revenue from past innovations while freeing resources for new developments.
Funded Research and Development
We have entered various development contracts with agencies and prime contractors of the U.S. Government and commercial customers. These contracts help support the continued development of our core and new higher risk technologies which the Company requires either financial or application support to further develop. A substantial percentage of our revenue derives from Funded Research and Development, focusing on developing custom product solutions, particularly for the U.S. defense industry. These programs are typically fixed price and span several years, aiming for production orders post-design completion and are cancellable at short notice. The knowledge gained, as per corporate strategy outlines, enhances our expertise, positioning us for future business opportunities. The potential for technologies developed for defense to eventually transition to commercial and consumer applications underscores long-term growth prospects.
Operational Flexibility and Market Adaptability
A key aspect of our operations is our flexibility in sourcing, purchasing, and developing display backplanes and deposition solutions from other companies for integration with proprietary optics and headset designs, particularly in new or cost-sensitive markets. This adaptability ensures competitiveness and responsiveness to market dynamics, geo-political conflicts, tariffs, and US Department of War and Asian and European defense requirements for country-of-origin and source of supply requirements.
We have shifted our business development efforts to focus on markets where we have a greater competitive advantage and as a result revenues from defense applications remain a majority of our revenues. Sales to significant non-affiliated customers for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, as a percentage of total revenues, were as follows:
Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in December. The fiscal years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, are referred to herein as fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Augmented and Virtual Reality
Kopin, a leader in optical solutions, has expressed views on the future of augmented reality (“AR”) and virtual reality (“VR”) in defense, industrial, and consumer sectors. Our opinion on these technologies reflects current market dynamics and technological advancements. The focus is on the adoption trends, necessary technological developments, and the ongoing challenge of balancing performance and cost in display technologies.
Industry Overview and Market Interest
We believe, and current trends support, that defense, industrial, and consumer companies are increasingly integrating AR and VR into their operations, which we believe positions us very well for business expansion given our expertise in these technologies. Furthermore, sovereign technology developments are required for USA and NATO customers. These technologies are viewed as innovative applications and computing platforms, transforming how sectors operate. For instance:
This widespread interest underscores the potential for AR and VR to become mainstream, but their growth is contingent on several technological advancements.
Necessary Technological Advancements
For AR and VR markets to mature and expand, sustained investment and innovation are required in the following areas:
Our updated opinion reflects a robust and growing interest in AR and VR across defense, industrial, and consumer sectors. The path to widespread adoption hinges on continuous innovation in display technology, optics, application software, and software integration, with a particular emphasis on balancing performance and cost. The integration of advanced bi-directional, human-in-the-loop sensing, coupled with low power, edge node algorithms will also be required to enable the performance requirements for Defense, Consumer and Medical applications.
Our Solution and Technology
Kopin Corporation is a leader in high-performance optical solutions, focusing on microdisplays and related technologies for various markets. We design and manufacture small form factor displays, including AMLCDs, LCOS, OLED, and developing MicroLED, along with optical lenses, backlights, and ASICs. The Company recently invented a fifth generation microdisplay architecture, NeuralDisplay™ which includes bi-directional, human-in-the-loop and AI-based algorithms resident within the backplane of the display. This technological advancement can be utilized with either OLED or MicroLED depositions. These components are used in defense, industrial, medical, and consumer applications, offering complete solutions that include subassemblies and headsets. Other bi-directional architecture research was started midyear which may prove interesting for several current and new markets.
Products and Applications
Our displays are critical for near-eye applications, such as thermal weapon sights and pilot helmets in defense, wearable headsets for field service in industry, surgeon headsets in medical fields, and spatial computing devices for consumers. Their subassemblies combine displays, optics, and electronics, designed to survive extreme conditions like weapon fire shock and vibration, while headsets are standalone products, our displays and subsystems are integrated into the finished products built by our customers.
Competitive Edge
A critical aspect of our business is our ability to offer tailored and complete solutions, not just displays, which differentiate us from competitors. We offer active-matrix liquid crystal, organic light emitting diode, ferroelectic liquid crystal on silicon and organic light emitting diode microdisplays as stand-alone products and in modules and subassemblies which include our optics and electronics. Furthermore, we believe we are the only small domestic business that offers five variants of microdisplay technologies which provide a vast array of technological options for customers’ application needs. A “small business” as defined in U.S. procurement may receive preferential treatment in awarding contracts. We can assist customers with choosing and customizing the right display architecture for their unique application as compared to competitors who only offer one technology, for all applications. Specifically, our strategy enables us to design products for rugged environments, a key advantage in defense and industrial markets, while offering these solutions to be manufactured in multiple locations within the USA and Europe.
Detailed Analysis of Kopin Corporation’s Technology and Market Position
Kopin Corporation, a leader in optical solutions, is recognized for our advanced microdisplay technologies and related products, catering to defense, industrial, medical, and emerging consumer AR and VR markets. This analysis, prepared as of March 2026, provides a comprehensive overview of the Company’s technology, products, strategy, and market position. The focus is on detailing the Company’s capabilities, competitive advantages, and potential risks, ensuring a thorough understanding of potential investment decisions.
Corporate Background and Technology Portfolio
We design and manufacture a range of small form factor displays, including AMLCDs, LCOS displays, OLED displays, and are developing MicroLED displays. These displays are complemented by optical lenses, backlights, and ASICs, forming the backbone of our product offerings.
Our technology extends beyond individual components to include subassemblies and headsets, which integrate displays, optics, and electronics. These products are designed to withstand extreme environmental conditions, such as the shock and vibration experienced in weapons fire, making them particularly suitable for defense applications. This capability is a critical differentiator, as it ensures reliability in rugged environments, a key requirement for defense, medical and industrial customers.
OurAMLCDs, branded as CyberDisplay® products, utilize a proprietary process involving the transfer of integrated circuits from silicon wafers to glass. This process, detailed in corporate disclosures, enables greater miniaturization, higher pixel density, lower power consumption, and higher brightness compared to conventional active-matrix LCDs. The manufacturing involves initial steps at foundries in Taiwan, with final assembly at our facility in Westborough, Massachusetts, as noted in recent financial reports.
LCOS displays, manufactured by Kopin Europe Limited (“KEL”) in Scotland, are reflective and used in 3D optical inspection equipment, offering high-speed, high-density imaging capabilities.
OLEDdisplays, with their emissive nature, provide high contrast and fast response times, making them ideal for AR and VR applications. We have recently launched a new OLED display with improved brightness and resolution, aimed at the AR/VR market, as announced in November 2024.
MicroLEDdisplays are in development, promising high brightness, wide viewing angle, excellent contrast, and potentially low cost. We received a patent for our MicroLED manufacturing process in September 2024, which is expected to enhance production efficiency and reduce costs, positioning the Company for future growth in this emerging technology. Through the Department of War, Kopin received funding for advanced research and development for a color MicroLED which are expected to be designed and built to the US Army specifications for various soldier borne systems. The Company will also adapt this display architecture for other potential markets like aviation, automotive and advanced AI computing applications.
NeuralDisplay™architecture is a software-based development focused on integrating bi-directional sensing into the subpixel of either an OLED or MicroLED display. We believe this patent pending technology will reduce the size, weight, power consumption of consumer and defense AR solutions by reducing several cameras which are required for eye-tracking, gaze, and dynamic brightness and contrast controls. The display system is being designed to utilize software and AI, accelerating algorithms to adjust the display image and thereby reduce nausea, latency, and overall system weight which will increase user comfort and battery life.
Product Offerings and Applications
Our products are utilized across multiple sectors, each with specific applications:
Our subassemblies, such as HLAs for defense, combine displays, optics, and electronics in sealed housings, designed for exact tolerances to meet rugged environment requirements. Headsets, on the other hand, are standalone products that interface with larger systems, requiring significant know-how in design, materials selection, assembly, and testing.
Manufacturing and Supply Chain
Our manufacturing process varies by product. AMLCDs involve initial fabrication at Taiwan foundries, with final assembly in Westborough, Massachusetts, using proprietary Wafer Engineering technology while our LCOS displays similarly start with silicon wafers fabricated at Taiwan foundries and are then completed at Kopin Europe Limited in Scotland. For OLED displays, we design the critical backplane and outsource the deposition process to various foundries, with final assembly ans test at Kopin facilities.
Optical lenses and backlights are either developed internally or licensed, with third-party manufacturing used to meet specifications. This approach reduces investment in plants and equipment, allowing us to stay agile and adapt to technological advancements.
Our ASOS products are currently manufactured using a significant amount of direct labor. However, we have implemented initiatives to automate many of the processes required to manufacture the products. For example, we removed human defect inspection of lenses and changed the process to use camera inspection.
Strategy and Market Expansion
Our strategy is centered on participating in U.S. defense development programs, funded by government agencies and prime contractors, to develop leading-edge microdisplay technologies. This approach supplements internal R&D budgets and enhances expertise, with revenues from these contracts contributing significantly to past years.
We also utilize Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) and Cooperative Research & Development Awards (“CRADA”) to work with Defense end-users directly to learn, develop, demonstrate, and commercialize new technologies.
The knowledge gained is leveraged for industrial, medical, and consumer applications, aiming to diversify revenue streams. We maintain a broad intellectual property portfolio, with approximately 200 patents and patent applications, covering microdisplays, optics, and related technologies, which we believe provides a technology and manufacturing platform competitive advantage.
We are also developing software-defined backplanes with AI capabilities, known as NeuralDisplay™, to address specific use cases in defense and consumer markets, indicating a forward-looking approach to innovation, as mentioned in recent product development updates.
Markets, Customers, and Financial Performance
Our primary market is defense, with significant customers including Collins Aerospace and DRS Network & Imaging Systems LLC. In fiscal year 2025, defense sales (excluding R&D contracts) accounted for 74% of total revenue, down from 82% in 2024, but maintaining a strong reliance on this sector. These results were a by-product of an intentional strategic shift in market focus, which we believe is already proving successful. Kopin continues to expand our focus into growing markets which are geographic expansions and new market verticals to lessen our dependency and concentration in North American Defense customers to promote further stability, higher margins and growth.
Industrial and medical markets are growing, with customers like HMDmD, expanding our customer base. Research and development revenues, primarily from U.S. Government contracts, accounted for 12% of total revenues in 2025 and 2024. The Company generally seeks a balance between research and development to low-rate initial production (“LRIP”) sales, with the overall intent of shifting more to LRIP
Financially, we reported a 22% revenue decrease in fiscal year 2025 compared to 2024, driven by defense product sales, and are progressing towards profitability with a reduced net loss, indicating operational improvements, as noted in market analyses.
Competition and Risks
The general commercial display market is highly competitive, and we face competition from large Asian electronics companies such as AUO, BOE Technology Group, Himax, LG Display, Samsung, Sharp, and Sony in the near eye microdisplay sector. We cannot be certain that we will be able to compete against these companies and technologies, or that consumers will accept the use of such eyewear in general or our customers’ product form factor specifically.
The Company differentiates itself from its competitors by offering a USA small business, designed and built, complete solutions, including displays, optics, and electronics such as MicroLED, OLED, LCOS and AMLCD, that are tailored to application specific solutions. Furthermore, the Company is the only USA-based, small business which offers five variants of microdisplay technologies, which provide a vast array of technological options for customers’ application needs. The Company can assist customers to choose the right display architecture for the application versus competitors who only offer one technology for all applications. Specifically, the Company’s strategy enables it to design products for rugged environments, a key advantage in defense and industrial markets, while offering these solutions to be manufactured in multiple locations within the USA and Europe.
Key risks include dependence on major customers, such as DRS Network & Imaging Systems LLC comprising 63% of revenues in 2025 and therefore posing a concentration risk. The need for continuous innovation in a rapidly evolving technology market and managing complex supply chains to maintain high production yields for defense subassemblies are additional challenges.
Recent Developments and Future Outlook
Kopin was awarded a transformative $15.4M order to develop sovereign manufacturing capability for color MicroLED displays on September 11, 2025. This program will focus on establishing Kopin’s production capabilities for MicroLED displays in the USA, with the initial display product for use in soldier borne systems. This program enhances Kopin’s position as a supplier of critical MicroLED display technology for US defense programs and is funded by the office of the Secretary of War and the US Army under the Industrial Base Analysis and Sustainment (IBAS) program.
During the fourth quarter, Theon International posted a $23M commitment including previously announced $15M investment and additional $8M planned for development of Military-grade MicroLED display and other products.
Further financing developments included several new partnerships with major defense contractors in the US such as Ondas and Unusual Machines, and in Europe including Theon International. These firms participated in Kopin’s recent $41M private placement fundraising activity and are strategic investors, with the desire to develop or co-develop defense solutions with Kopin.
The Company received several recurring awards for thermal weapon sight modules, training and simulation systems and displays and display modules for military pilot helmet HUD (head-up display) systems, including Kopin’s first production order for MicroLED displays which has been qualified and will be deployed in a fielded combat jet program.
A strategic aspect with regards to geopolitical uncertainties, uncertainties with respect to tariffs and sovereign sources of supply for US DoW and European Department of Defense, is our flexibility in manufacturing, using third-party foundries for OLED and MicroLED displays, which reduces capital expenditure and allows for scalability.
Kopin Europe, Limited (“KEL”) is in the process of expanding its capabilities beyond the manufacture of FLCOS microdisplays and 3DAOI structure light systems to include the back-end manufacture and test of both OLED displays and MicroLED displays, as well as Higher-level assemblies which are modules of sub-systems that include a micro-display, optics, electronics and housing that we sell to prime contractors to include in their finished products. This capability within the territories of the EU, at KEL, has strong appeal for the European military establishment (both prime contractors and the various ministries of defense) who are looking to source their technology and products closer to home, and put Kopin Europe in a strong position for future growth.
Patents, Proprietary Rights and Licenses
An important part of our product development strategy is to seek, when appropriate, protection for our products and proprietary technology using various U.S. and foreign patents and contractual arrangements. We intend to prosecute and defend our proprietary technology aggressively. Many of our U.S. patents and applications have counterpart foreign patents, foreign patent applications or international patent applications through the Patent Cooperation Treaty. Although we believe that our patents or other proprietary products and processes do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of any third parties, third parties may assert infringement claims against us from time to time.
Human Capital Resources
As of December 27, 2025, our consolidated business employed 145 full-time employees in the U.S. Of these employees, 3 hold Ph.D. degrees in Material Science, Electrical Engineering or Physics. Our management and professional employees have significant prior experience in semiconductor materials, device transistor and display processing, optical design, manufacturing, and other related technologies. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have policies to prevent discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression. We take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are hired, and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, ethnicity, religion, sex, or national origin. We also take affirmative action to employ and advance veterans in employment. We consider relations with our employees to be good.
In 2004, we finalized and adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics regarding the standards of conduct of our directors, officers and employees. The code is reviewed and updated periodically by our Board of Directors and is available on our website at www.kopin.com.
Corporate Social Responsibility
We strive to create and maintain a working environment that fosters honesty and hard work and rewards all of our employees’ hard work. We endeavor to make Kopin Corporation a place people are proud to be associated with. Our initial process for strategy creation includes work by a cross-functional ESG team of leaders representing operations, human resources, supply chain, finance, marketing, and facilities departments. We also utilize third-party facilities, environmental and legal consulting services. These third-party consultants are assisting us in creating an ESG materiality assessment from which we can develop a baseline assessment for monitoring our progress. Our progress in creating our ESG strategy and other related activities is reported to the Board of Directors.
We provide recurring company-wide communication of our formalized values, a summary of which are:
We are not a member of the Responsible Business Alliance (“RBA”); however, we have utilized the themes of the RBA Code of Conduct to supplement our Code of Ethics, including the RBA Code of Conduct’s five critical areas of corporate social responsibility: labor, health and safety, environment, management systems, and ethics. We believe that by following the values noted above and doing our part in each of these areas, we can achieve our business objectives and long-term stockholder value. For additional information, see “Item 1 – Business: Human Capital Resources” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We strive to create a workplace based on the following principles and goals:
Care for Our People
● We believe in upholding the principles of human rights, worker safety, and observing fair labor practices within our organization.
● We respect different viewpoints and perspectives, and ultimately individual thoughts create innovation and achieve better results. We continually evaluate how we provide organizational training, formalize company values, and revitalize recruitment strategy.
● We are committed to employee safety. We have installed safety protocols and monitoring systems. We have periodic audits by third parties to test our systems and perform preventive maintenance. Our policies prohibit an employee from being alone in our production facilities or in unsupervised areas of our facilities.
Environmental Responsibility
● We are committed to protecting the natural environment and our community by complying with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. We maintain an environmental management system and a specific framework for implementing relevant sustainable practices.
● We ask our employees to help us contribute towards environmental sustainability by looking for opportunities to conserve energy, reduce consumption of natural resources, preserve air and water quality, manage waste properly, reuse and recycle, and reduce the use of toxic substances in our operations where possible, including, in particular, in our clean room and lab facilities. Our clean room facility emissions are less than permitting and reporting thresholds, and we track emissions monthly to verify compliance with the regulations.
● We look for ways to reduce energy consumption in our facilities around the world, including upgrades and/or retrofits to smart heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. For instance, we have installed variable speed fans, which only turn on based on various metrics, thereby reducing energy usage.
Ethics & Corporate Responsibility
● We are committed to ensuring ethical organizational governance and embracing diversity and inclusion in the board room and throughout the organization.
● We are committed to observing fair, transparent, and accountable operating practices.
● We seek to create and foster a healthy, balanced, and ethical work environment for everyone in our organization. To this end, we promote an ethical organizational culture and encourage all employees to raise questions or concerns about actual or potential ethical issues and Company policies and to offer suggestions about how we can make our organization better. We have a Whistleblower Ethics Hotline that includes global telephone access and online access. We have an independent third party periodically test the Whistleblower Ethics Hotline.
Supply Chain Responsibility
● We intend to request that our suppliers adhere to the RBA Code of Conduct or its equivalent by flowing this requirement through our commercial contracts.
● We also adhere to Rule 13p-1 under the Exchange Act and support efforts to avoid sourcing conflict minerals that directly or indirectly finance, or benefit armed groups in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in adjoining countries. Consistent with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Due Diligence Guidance concerning conflict minerals, we adopted the Conflict-Free Sourcing Initiative Due Diligence reporting process and seek to obtain conflict minerals content declarations from our suppliers each year, to promote supply chain transparency. We do not directly source tin, tantalum, tungsten, or gold (collectively referred to as 3TG) from mines, smelters or refiners, and we are, in most cases, several or more levels removed from these supply chain participants.
Government Regulations
Our business is subject to extensive regulation in the industries we serve. We deal with numerous U.S. Government agencies and entities, including but not limited to branches of the Department of War (“DoW”).
U.S. defense contractors are among our largest customers, representing a substantial majority of our total revenues. The U.S. Government may terminate a contract with us or our customers either “for convenience” (for instance, due to a change in its perceived needs) or if we default due to our failure or the failure of a general or subcontractor to perform under the contract. If the federal government terminates a contract with one of our customers, our contract with our customers would entitle us to recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and possibly profit on the work completed prior to termination. However, under certain circumstances, our recovery costs upon termination for convenience of such a contract may be limited. If terminated by the government because of our default, we could be liable for payments made to us for undelivered goods or services, additional costs the government incurs in acquiring undelivered goods or services from another source, and any other damages it suffers.
In addition, we are subject to a variety of federal, state and local governmental regulations including the use, storage, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in our manufacturing process. Failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines being imposed on us, suspension of production or cessation of operations. Any failure on our part to control the use of, or adequately restrict the discharge of hazardous substances, or otherwise comply with environmental regulations, could subject us to significant future liabilities. We also cannot be certain that past use or disposal of environmentally sensitive materials in conformity with the existing environmental laws and regulations will protect us from required remediation or other liabilities under current or future environmental laws or regulations. Certain chemicals we import are subject to regulation by the U.S. Government. If we or our suppliers do not comply with applicable laws, we could be subject to adverse government actions and may not be able to import critical supplies.
The costs, burdens, and/or impacts of complying with federal and state regulations could be an expensive and time-consuming process, and failure to comply with any such legal requirements could have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
We are also subject to federal International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) laws which regulate the protection (cybersecurity) and export of technical data and export of products to other nations that may use such data or products for defense purposes. Cybersecurity and data security and protection laws and regulations are evolving and present increasing compliance challenges, which may increase our costs, affect our competitiveness, cause reputational harm, and expose us to substantial fines or other penalties. Failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines being imposed on us, suspension of production, or a cessation of operations. Any failure on our part to obtain any required licenses for the export of technical data and/or export of our products, or to otherwise comply with ITAR, could subject us to significant future liabilities.
We are also subject to federal importation laws that regulate the importation of raw materials and equipment from other nations that are used in our products. Failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines being imposed on us, suspension of production, or a cessation of operations.
Investments in Related Businesses
On September 30, 2019, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Solos Technology Limited (“Solos Technology”), pursuant to which we sold and licensed certain assets of our Solos product line and Whisper Audio (“Whisper”) technology. As consideration for the transaction, we received 1,172,000 common shares representing a 20.0% equity stake in Solos Technology’s parent company, Solos Incorporation (“Solos Inc.”). Our 20.0% equity stake will be maintained until Solos Inc. has raised a total of $7.5 million in equity financing after which we will need to participate in future equity offerings, or our ownership percentage will be diluted.
We acquired an equity interest in Lenovo New Vision in the first quarter of 2018 for $1.0 million and the contribution of certain intellectual property. As of December 27, 2025, we have approximately 10% interest in this investment and the carrying value of our investment is $1.5 million.
We acquired the right to an equity interest in HMDmd, a medical device company in 2021. As of December 27, 2025, the carrying value of this investment is $0.3 million.
As of December 27, 2025, we own 100% of the outstanding common stock of Kopin Virginia, Inc. (formerly NVIS, Inc), and e-MDT America Inc. (“eMDT”) and we consolidate each of their financial results within our consolidated financial statements.
We terminated operations of our subsidiary, Kopin Software Ltd., in the third quarter of 2019 and are in the process of liquidating it.
On January 5, 2023, the Company entered into a Technology License Agreement and an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “LST Agreements”) with Lightning Silicon Technology, Inc (“LST”). Pursuant to the LST Agreements, the Company issued a license to LST for certain technology associated with our Organic Light Emitting Technology, transferred in-process development contracts with two customers and accounts receivables that the Company had previously determined were not collectible. As consideration for the transaction, the Company received 18,000,000 common shares representing a 20.0% equity stake in LST. The Company will also receive a royalty based on unit sales of products that utilize the technology licensed.
We may from time to time make further equity investments in these and other companies engaged in certain aspects of the display, electronics, optical and software industries as part of our business strategy. In addition, the wearable computing product market is relatively new and there may be other technologies we need to invest in to enhance our product offering. These investments may not provide us with any financial return or other benefit, and any losses by these companies or associated losses in our investments may negatively impact on our operating results.
Sources and Availability of Raw Materials and Components
We rely on third-party independent contractors for certain integrated circuit chip sets, backlights and other critical raw materials such as special glasses, wafers and chemicals. In addition, our CyberDisplay subassemblies, HLAs, binocular display modules, and other modules include lenses, backlights, printed circuit boards and other components that we purchase from third-party suppliers. Some of these third-party contractors and suppliers are small companies with limited financial resources. In addition, our defense customers typically buy a small number of units, which prevents us from qualifying and buying components economically from multiple vendors. As a result, we are highly dependent on the select number of third-party contractors and suppliers.
Availability of Information
We make available free of charge through our website, www.kopin.com, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and other reports that we file or furnish with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed or furnished, as well as certain of our corporate governance policies, including the charters for the Board of Directors’ audit, compensation, and nominating and corporate governance committees and our code of ethics, corporate governance guidelines and whistleblower policy. We will also provide any person without charge, upon request, a copy of any of the foregoing materials. Any such request must be made in writing to us, c/o Investor Relations, Kopin Corporation, 125 North Drive, Westborough, MA, 01581.
We operate in a changing global environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and competitive position. Accordingly, our business and financial results are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those set forth below. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe to be material may also negatively affect our business and financial results. The risk factors set forth below describe what we believe to be the material risks and uncertainties related to our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and competitive position. We have included the risk factors below without any reflection on the relative importance of, or likelihood of, any particular risk factor.
We have experienced a history of losses, have a significant accumulated deficit, have had negative cash flow from operating activities in fiscal years 2025 and 2024, and expect to have negative cash flow from operating activities in fiscal year 2026. Since inception, we have incurred significant net operating losses. As of December 27, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $399.5 million. At December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, we had $61.6 million and $36.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, and marketable securities, respectively. For the years 2025 and 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $15.5 million and $14.2 million, respectively. The increase in our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities is primarily due to gross proceeds of $33.9 million received from the sale of 43.0 million shares of common stock and the pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $0.65 per share, and net proceeds of approximately $38.1 million from a private placement fundraising activity for 19,545,950 shares of its common stock, par value $0.1 per share at a price of $2.10 per share, We plan to continue to invest in research and development even during periods when we are not profitable, which may result in our incurring losses from operations and negative cash flow. If we do not soon achieve and maintain positive cash flow and profitability, our financial condition will ultimately be materially and adversely affected, and we will be required to raise additional capital. We may not be able to raise any necessary capital on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we fail to achieve or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis within the timeframe expected by investors, the market price of our common stock may decline.
Raising additional funds by issuing securities may cause dilution to our existing stockholders or restrict our operations. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, the share ownership of existing stockholders will be diluted. The terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders and the issuance of additional securities, whether equity or debt, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our shares to decline. We may sell shares or other securities in other offerings at a price per share that is less than the prices per share paid by other investors, and investors purchasing shares of our common stock or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The sale of additional equity or convertible securities would dilute stockholders, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our existing stockholders.
Management has identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, and we may be unable to develop, implement and maintain appropriate controls in future periods.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC rules require that management annually report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures. As more fully described within Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, management determined that the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting previously identified in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K had not been fully remediated and identified an additional material weakness in internal control over financial reporting. As a result, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of December 27, 2025. The specific material weaknesses are described in Part II - Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected. We cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Any failure to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or any difficulties we encounter in their implementation, could result in additional material weaknesses, or could result in material misstatements in our financial statements, which could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a decline in our stock price.
We are in the process of developing and implementing our remediation plan for the identified material weaknesses, and we expect that this work will continue in 2026. There can be no assurance, however, as to when the remediation plan will be fully developed, when it will be fully implemented and/or the cost of its implementation. Until our remediation plan is fully implemented, we will continue to devote significant time and attention to these efforts. If we do not complete our remediation in a timely fashion, or at all, or if our remediation plan is inadequate, there is a risk that we will be unable to timely file future periodic reports with the SEC and/or that our future financial statements could contain undetected errors. Until the remediation plan is complete and implemented, we will rely upon additional interim control procedures prescribed by management, including the utilization of manual mitigating control procedures to help ensure that we fairly state our financial statements in all material respects. However, the establishment of these interim controls does not provide the same degree of assurance as a fully remediated control environment. For more information relating to our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, and the remediation plan that we have undertaken, see Part II - Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We may be unable to manufacture our products cost effectively to meet contractual specifications or customer requirements. Our products are required to meet specifications agreed to in purchase orders and related agreements with our customers. Our ability to produce products which meet these specifications is dependent on numerous including, but not limited to, our manufacturing processes and our vendors providing raw materials that meet the specifications we have agreed to with them. In addition, while there may be agreement with our customers on the specifications there may be ambiguity with the method to measure compliance with meeting the specifications. When we commence production of new products, we normally go through a period of low production efficiency as we modify our production processes for higher volume output, resulting in higher costs. In addition, after we commence selling our products customers may request changes to the products which may also result in low production efficiency. We currently have several new products and new product configurations going to production. If the products we deliver are found to have undetected defects or latent defects upon shipment, we may incur the cost to recall the products. Product recalls and product liability and warranty claims can result in significant damages and costs, including fines, as well as other harm to our business. If we are unable to manufacture our products cost effectively, our revenue and ability to obtain profitability will be adversely affected.
Our revenues and cash flows could be negatively affected if sales of our display products for defense applications significantly decline or the current defense development programs are either cancelled or ultimately do not result in future product sales. The sale of our display products to the military for use in thermal weapon sights and avionic helmets has been a primary source of our defense revenues and cash flows over the last several years. We currently are included in the Family Weapon Sight (“FWS”) Individual program and the Joint Strike Fighter (F-35) jet fighter program. In 2024, we experienced quality issues with the products we supplied for the FWS-I program. These quality issues resulted in suspension of shipments to our customer at various times during 2024 as we made modifications to our production processes. We are continuing to make modifications to our production processes as we resolve certain issues. We are in development and qualification of additional defense programs related to avionic helmets, armored vehicles and soldier rifle scopes. Our ability to generate revenues and cash flow from sales to the U.S. military and our customers depends on our Display products remaining qualified in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, FWS and other U.S. defense programs, our customers continuing to serve as the suppliers for those programs, and on the U.S. Government/military funding these programs. We may not be awarded contracts for the systems we are in qualification for, and for the systems we are qualified for, we may only be awarded a portion of the program as the U.S. military looks to have multiple sources when possible. Even if our products qualify for these programs, the U.S. Government can opt to change suppliers, in which case demand for our products could be negatively affected. In addition, the government could postpone or cancel these programs. We believe the DoW is evaluating alternative display technologies for the F-35 Strike Fighter program and other defense programs, and we will need to develop and qualify any replacement display technologies. Our ability to generate revenues and cash flow from sales to the U.S. military also depends on winning contracts over our competitors. If we are unable to be qualified into new U.S. defense programs, remain qualified in existing programs, or win orders against our competition, or if defense programs are not funded, then our ability to generate revenues and achieve profitability and positive cash flow will be materially and negatively impacted.
A decline in the U.S. Government defense budget, changes in spending or budgetary priorities, a prolonged U.S. Government shutdown or delays in contract awards may significantly and adversely affect our future revenues, cash flow and financial results. In addition to the Anti-Deficiency Act, in recent years U.S. Government appropriations have been affected by larger U.S. Government budgetary issues, including reductions or shifts in the capital resources or government funding, and related legislation. As a result, DoW funding levels have fluctuated and have been difficult to predict. Future spending levels are subject to a wide range of factors, including Congressional action and changes to governmental policies and programs, including loans, grants, guarantees and other subsidies, and changes to government spending policies, including shifts in funding priorities. In addition, in recent years the U.S. Government has been unable to complete its budget process before the end of its fiscal year, resulting in both a government shutdown and continuing resolutions to extend sufficient funds only for U.S. Government agencies to continue operating. Additionally, if the national debt reaches the statutory debt ceiling in future years, it could result in the U.S. Government defaulting on its debts.
As a result, defense spending levels are difficult to predict beyond the near term due to numerous factors, including the external threat environment, future government priorities and changes to funding of government agencies, and the state of government finances. Significant changes in defense spending or changes in U.S. Government priorities, policies and requirements could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
Most of our defense sales are on a fixed-price basis, which could subject us to losses if there are cost overruns. Under a fixed-price contract, we receive only the amount indicated in the contract, regardless of the actual cost to produce the goods. While firm fixed-price contracts allow us to benefit from potential cost savings, they also expose us to the risk of cost overruns. If the initial estimates that we use to calculate the sales price and the cost of performing the work prove to be incorrect, we could incur losses. As discussed above, we are seeing a global shortage of semiconductors and other raw materials which is resulting in a significant increase in some raw material prices. In addition, the U.S. recently experienced inflation levels not seen in many years which drove higher labor costs and there is an expectation that tariffs may result in additional inflation in the future. Some of our contracts have specific provisions relating to cost, scheduling, and performance. If we fail to meet the terms specified in those contracts, then our cost to perform the work could increase, which would adversely affect our financial position and results of operations. Some of the contracts we bid on have Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (“IDIQ”) provisions. This means we are bidding a fixed price but are not assured of the quantity the government will buy or when it will buy during the term of the contract. This means we are exposed to the risk of price increases for labor, overhead and raw materials during the term of the contract. We may incur losses on fixed-price and IDIQ contracts that we had expected to be profitable, or such contracts may be less profitable than expected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our investments in the development and sale of OLED microdisplays may not be successful, which may materially adversely affect our sales, profitability and cash flow. Historically, we have sold products that incorporate our proprietary AMLCDs. We believe that for certain applications, OLED microdisplays have performance advantages and we have received future display product needs from some customers that plan to switch from AMCLDs to OLED microdisplays in the next two to three years. We are in the process of designing and developing OLED microdisplays and establishing foundry relationships to manufacture them. We expect to make additional monetary investments in their commercialization, though our plan is to outsource their production. We have little experience in production outsourcing. If we are unsuccessful in designing and developing OLED microdisplays or if we are unable to find cost-effective third-party production partners, our sales and profitability may be negatively affected.
Changes in government trade policies may increase the cost of our products, which may materially adversely affect our sales or profitability.We depend on a Taiwanese foundry for the manufacture of integrated circuits for our AMLCD display products and on Chinese, Korean, and European foundries for our OLED display products. In recent years the U.S. has imposed, among other actions, new or higher tariffs, including those that have been or may be imposed by the current presidential administration in the U.S. on specified imported products originating from China in response to what it characterizes as unfair trade practices, and China has responded by proposing or implementing new or higher tariffs on specified products imported from the U.S. Tariffs on components that we import from China or other nations that have imposed, or may in the future impose, tariffs have in some cases and may in the future cause our expenses to increase, which would adversely affect our profitability unless we were able to exclude our products from the tariffs or we raise prices for our products, which may result in our products becoming less attractive relative to products offered by our competitors. In addition, tariffs and international trade arrangements may continue to change, potentially without warning and to an extent that is difficult to predict. Accordingly, future actions or escalations by either the U.S. or China that affect trade relations may also affect our business or that of our suppliers or customers, and we cannot provide any assurances as to whether such actions will occur or the form that they may take. Moreover, it is uncertain to what extent, if any, the U.S. tariffs on components that we import from China will affect the Taiwanese foundries on which we depend, in part because many Taiwanese foundries conduct parts of their manufacturing in China. Kopin has completed and continues to transition several OLED device deposition steps to European supply chain partners for U.S. DoW source of supply requirements and duplicity to reduce the risk of Chinese supply and potential tariffs.
On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling striking down certain tariffs previously imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. It remains uncertain how this decision will affect the existing tariffs or whether additional tariffs will be imposed under other laws. Significant uncertainty exists regarding the duration of existing and newly announced tariffs, potential changes or pauses to such tariffs, tariff levels, and whether further additional tariffs or other retaliatory actions may be imposed, modified, or suspended, and the impacts of such actions on our business. We are continuing to monitor and evaluate these developments and assess their potential negative effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
A protectionist trade environment in either the U.S. or those foreign countries in which we do business, such as a change in the current tariff structures, export compliance or other trade policies, may materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products in foreign markets. To the extent that our sales or profitability are affected negatively by any such tariffs or other trade actions, our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by cyber-attacks on information technology infrastructure and products, as well as changes in cybersecurity and if our information technology security systems were infiltrated and confidential and/or proprietary information were taken, we could be subject to fines, lawsuits and loss of customers. We routinely receive emails probing our Internet security, and our Internet security systems have detected outside organizations attempting to install Trojan virus software packages in our systems. We rely on our electronic information systems to perform routine transactions to run our business. We transact business over the Internet with customers, vendors and our subsidiaries and have implemented security measures to protect against unauthorized access to this information. We have also implemented security policies that limit access via the Internet from the Company to the outside world based on the individual’s position in the Company. We routinely receive security patches from software providers for the software we use. Our primary concerns are inappropriate access to personnel information, information covered under the International Traffic in Arms Regulation, product designs and manufacturing information, financial information and our intellectual property, trade secrets and know-how. Our business may be impacted by disruptions to our own or third-party information technology (“IT”) infrastructure, which could result from, among other causes, cyberattacks on or failures of such infrastructure or compromises to its physical security. Cybersecurity threats are continuously evolving and include, but are not limited to, both attacks on our IT infrastructure and attacks on the IT infrastructure of our customers, suppliers, subcontractors and other third parties with whom we do business routinely, both on premises and in the cloud, attempting to gain unauthorized access to our confidential, proprietary, or otherwise protected information, classified information, or information relating to our employees, customers and other third parties, or to disrupt our systems or the systems of third parties. We are also exposed to the risk of insider threat attacks. Any such attacks could disrupt our systems or those of third parties, impact business operations, result in unauthorized release of confidential, proprietary, or otherwise protected information, and corrupt our data or that of third parties. The threats we face are continuously evolving and vary in degree of severity and sophistication. These threats include advanced persistent threats from highly organized adversaries, including but not limited to cyber criminals, nation states and so-called hacktivists, particularly those adverse to the security interests of the U.S. and its allies, which target us and other defense contractors. These types of threats are related to the geopolitical environment and have, therefore, grown in number due to recent geopolitical conflicts. In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change, we and our customers, suppliers, subcontractors and other third parties with whom we conduct business continue to rely on legacy systems and software, which can be more vulnerable to cyber threats and attacks. Moreover, we, like other companies, see an unprecedented number of previously unknown vulnerabilities, for which there are no known mitigations being revealed by new attacks. Further, the sophistication, availability and use of artificial intelligence by threat actors present an increased level of risk. Due to the evolving threat landscape, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience more frequent and increasingly advanced cyber-attacks. In addition, changes in domestic and international cybersecurity-related laws and regulations have expanded cybersecurity-related compliance requirements, and cybersecurity regulatory enforcement activity has grown. We expect the regulatory environment to continue to evolve, and staying apace with these regulatory changes could increase our operational and compliance expenditures and those of our suppliers, and lead to new or additional information technology and product development expenses. We also face reputational, litigation and financial risks in relation to potential required disclosures and increased risk of enforcement. We continue to make investments and adopt measures designed to enhance our protection, detection, response, and recovery capabilities, and to mitigate potential risks to our technology, products, services and operations from potential cybersecurity threats, as well as to comply with evolving regulations. However, given the unpredictability, nature and scope of cyber-attacks, it is possible that we are unable to defend against all cyber-attacks, that potential vulnerabilities could go undetected and persist in the environment for an extended period, or that we may otherwise be unable to mitigate customer losses and other potential consequences of these attacks. In some cases, we must rely on the safeguards put in place by our customers, suppliers, subcontractors and other third parties to protect against and report cyber threats and attacks. We could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers, the compromise of confidential information, intellectual property or otherwise protected information, misappropriation, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our or third-party systems, networks or products, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business, or potential liability, penalties, fines and/or damage to our reputation. Any of these could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. Due to the evolving nature of such risks, the impact of any potential incident cannot be predicted.
Our investments in the development and sale of OLED microdisplays may not be successful, which may materially adversely affect our sales, profitability and cash flow. Historically, we have sold products that incorporate our proprietary AMLCDs. We believe that for certain applications OLED microdisplays have performance advantages and we have received future display product needs from some customers that plan to switch from AMCLDs to OLED microdisplays in the next two to three years. We are in the process of designing and developing OLED microdisplays and establishing foundry relationships to manufacture them. We expect to make additional monetary investments in their commercialization, though our plan is to outsource their production. We have little experience in production outsourcing. If we are unsuccessful in designing and developing OLED microdisplays or if we are unable to find cost-effective third-party production partners, our sales and profitability may be negatively affected.
Supply shortages have and could continue to impair quality, reduce the availability or increase the cost of raw materials, which could harm our business. We rely on third-party independent contractors for certain integrated circuit chip sets, backlights, and other critical raw materials such as special glasses, wafers, and chemicals. Lead times for the parts and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as manufacturing cycle times, manufacturing yields, and the availability of raw materials used to produce the parts or components. The semiconductor industry has been and continues to experience a shortage of semiconductor components. We have experienced intermittent shortages of raw materials, which has affected our ability to manufacture and ship units. These shortages have also resulted in an increase in the cost of raw materials and semiconductor components. Our products sold for defense applications go through an expensive and long qualification period before the government accepts the products. Once the product for a defense application is accepted there are restrictions on our ability to substitute a different raw material or component for the one used in the qualification of the product. If these shortages were to further affect our supply of raw materials, our ability to manufacture and distribute our products could continue to be adversely affected, which in turn would adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
Geopolitical tensions and any conflicts resulting therefrom may negatively affect our ability to source materials and components required to manufacture our products. We depend principally on a Taiwanese foundry for the fabrication of integrated circuits for our AMLCD defense display products. We use a Chinese foundry for the deposition process in creating our OLED displays. Our reliance on these foundries involves several risks, including reduced control over availability, capacity utilization, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields, and costs. Geopolitical changes in China-Taiwan or China-U.S. relations could disrupt these foundries’ operations and cause these risks to materialize, which would adversely affect our ability to manufacture our display products. If these foundries were to become unable to provide the required capacity, services or quality on a timely basis due to a military or other form of conflict, geopolitical tensions, including in Ukraine, the Middle East, China, Taiwan and other regions, financial market volatility and disruption, inflationary concerns, changes in tax laws and regulations, interest and currency exchange rates, uncertain economic conditions in the United States and abroad, and uncertainties with respect to tariffs, including those imposed or that may be imposed by the current presidential administration in the U.S., or other reasons relating thereto, we may not be able to manufacture and ship our display products, or we may be forced to manufacture them in limited quantities until replacement foundry services can be obtained. Furthermore, we cannot assure that we would be able to establish alternative manufacturing and packaging relationships on acceptable terms or at all.
We are in the process of transitioning from using a Chinese deposition foundry to a European foundry for certain OLED products for defense applications. We depend principally on a Chinese foundry for the deposition process in creating our OLED displays, but we are in the process of having the deposition process performed by a European foundry. If we are unsuccessful in executing our transition plan or if the transition is significantly delayed, our ability to manufacture and distribute our products could continue to be adversely affected, which in turn would adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected by events beyond our control, such as natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, negative global climate patterns, or other catastrophic events. Our business and operations, or those of our suppliers, could be negatively affected by various events beyond our control, including, without limitation, natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, extreme cold events and other adverse weather conditions; political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war, labor unrest, and other political instability (including, without limitation, the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas); negative global climate patterns, or other catastrophic events, such as fires or other disasters occurring at our suppliers’ manufacturing facilities, whether occurring in the United States or internationally; and public health crises, such as pandemics, epidemics, or any other public health crisis that results in economic and trade disruptions, including the disruption of global supply chains. These events could disrupt areas in which our offices, suppliers, customers, distribution centers, and warehouses are located, as well as the operations of our global supply chain and those of our third-party partners. Furthermore, these types of events could negatively impact consumer spending in the impacted regions or, depending upon the severity, globally. To the extent any of these events occur, our operations and financial results could be adversely affected.
We generally do not have long-term contracts with our customers, which makes forecasting our revenues and operating results difficult. We generally do not enter into long-term agreements with our customers obligating them to purchase our products. Our business is characterized by short-term purchase orders with shipment schedules within one year, and we generally permit orders to be cancelled or rescheduled before shipment without significant penalty. As a result, our customers may cease purchasing our products at any time, which makes forecasting our revenues difficult. In addition, due to the absence of a substantial non-cancellable backlog, we typically plan our production and inventory levels based on internal forecasts of customer demand, which are highly unpredictable and can fluctuate substantially. The uncertainty about product orders makes it difficult for us to forecast our sales and allocate our resources in a manner consistent with our actual sales. Moreover, our expense levels and the amounts we invest in capital equipment and new product development costs are based in part on our expectations of future sales and, if our expectations regarding future sales are inaccurate, we may be unable to reduce costs in a timely manner to adjust for sales shortfalls, and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Fluctuations in operating results make financial forecasting difficult and could adversely affect the price of our common stock. Our quarterly and annual revenues and operating results may fluctuate significantly for numerous reasons, including:
As a result of these and other factors, investors should not rely on our revenues and our operating results for any one quarter or year as an indication of our future revenues or operating results. If our quarterly revenues or results of operations fall below the expectations of investors or public market analysts, the price of our common stock could fall substantially.
Our customers who purchase display products for defense applications typically incorporate our products into their products, which are sold to the U.S. Government under contracts. U.S. Government contracts generally are not fully funded at inception and may be terminated or modified prior to completion, which could adversely affect our business. Congress funds much of the federal budget on an annual basis, and Congress often does not provide agencies with all the money requested in their budget. Many of our customers’ contracts cover multiple years and, as such, are not fully funded at the contract award. If appropriations from Congress or a U.S. Government agency change, our customers’ contracts may be terminated for convenience. The Anti-Deficiency Act prohibits involving the government in any obligation to pay money before funds have been appropriated for that purpose, unless otherwise allowed by law. Therefore, the Anti-Deficiency Act indirectly regulates how agencies award our contracts and pay our invoices. Federal government contracts generally contain provisions that provide the federal government rights and remedies not typically found in commercial contracts, including provisions permitting the federal government to, among other things: terminate our existing contracts; modify some of the terms and conditions in our existing contracts; subject the award to protest or challenge by competitors; suspend work under existing multiple year contracts and related delivery orders; and claim rights in technologies and systems invented, developed or produced by us.
The federal government may terminate a contract with us or our customers either “for convenience” (for instance, due to a change in its perceived needs) or if we default due to our failure or the failure of a general or subcontractor to perform under the contract. If the federal government terminates a contract with one of our customers, our contract with our customers would entitle us to recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and retain any profit on the work that was completed prior to termination. However, under certain circumstances, our recovery costs upon termination for convenience of such a contract may be limited. As is common with government contractors, we have experienced occasional performance issues under some of our contracts. We have received Stop Work Orders wherein work is suspended pending a review of the program. We may in the future receive show-cause or cure notices under contracts that, if not addressed to the federal government’s satisfaction, could give the government the right to terminate those contracts for default or to cease procuring our services under those contracts.
In addition, U.S. Government contracts and subcontracts typically involve long purchase and payment cycles, competitive bidding, qualification requirements, delays or changes in funding, extensive specification and performance requirements, price negotiations and milestone requirements. Each U.S. Government agency often also maintains its own rules and regulations with which we must comply, and which can vary significantly among agencies.
We recognize revenue for some of our defense contracts and some commercial contracts on the over-time method which requires significant management judgment, and errors in our judgment could result in our revenue being overstated or understated and the profits or loss reported could be subject to adjustment. For certain contracts with the U.S. Government, we recognize revenue over time as we perform services or manufacture the goods. The continuous transfer of control to, or performance of services for, the customer is subject to liability clauses in the contract that allow the U.S. Government to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred and may allow a reasonable profit, and take control of any work in process. Contracts with commercial customers may have a similar liability clause. In situations where control transfers or services are performed over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress toward completion of the performance obligation. We use the cost-to-cost approach to measure the extent of progress towards the completion of the contractual obligation for our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure approach, the extent of progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Accounting for design, development and production contracts requires judgment related to assessing risks, estimating contract revenues and costs and making assumptions for schedule and technical issues. Due to the size and nature of the work required to be performed on many of our contracts, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex and subject to many variables. Contract costs include material, labor and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs. We must make assumptions regarding the number of labor hours required to complete a task, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability, delivery date and cost of materials and the performance of our subcontractors. Due to the number of significant factors affecting revenue recognition, forecasting revenue at a point in time in the future is difficult. For contract change orders, claims or similar items, we apply judgment in estimating the amounts and assessing the potential for realization. These amounts are only included in the contract value when they can be reliably estimated, and realization is considered probable. If our estimate of total contract costs or our determination of whether the customer agrees that a milestone is achieved is incorrect, our revenue could be overstated or understated, and the profits or loss reported could be subject to adjustment. If our revenues and costs require adjustment, our stock price could decline.
If we fail to comply with complex procurement laws and regulations, we could lose business and be liable for various penalties or sanctions.We must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of federal government contracts. These laws and regulations affect how we conduct business with our federal government customers. In complying with these laws and regulations, we may incur additional costs, and non-compliance may result in fines and penalties, including contractual damages. Among the more significant laws and regulations affecting our business are:
Our contracting agency customers may review our performance under and in compliance with the terms of our federal government contracts. If a government review or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties or administrative sanctions, including:
Additionally, the False Claims Act provides for substantial civil penalties where, for example, a contractor presents a false or fraudulent claim to the government for payment or approval. Civil actions under the False Claims Act may be brought by the government or by other people on behalf of the government (who may then share a portion of any recovery).
If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we may also suffer harm to our reputation, which could impair our ability to win awards of contracts in the future or receive renewals of existing contracts. If we are subject to civil or criminal penalties and administrative sanctions or suffer harm to our reputation, our current business, future prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed.
The U.S. Government may also revise its procurement practices or adopt new contracting rules and regulations, including cost accounting standards, at any time. Any new contracting methods could be costly to satisfy, be administratively difficult for us to implement and could impair our ability to obtain new contracts.
Our ability to manufacture and distribute our display products would be severely limited if the foundries that we rely on manufacture integrated circuits for our display products fail to provide those services. We depend principally on a Taiwanese foundry for the fabrication of integrated circuits for our defense display products. In addition, we use a Chinese foundry’s services for OLED deposition and processing of OLED displays. We also use foundries in Korea and France and are evaluating other European foundries. We have no long-term contracts with the foundries we use and from time to time we have been put on allocation, which means the foundry will limit or delay the number of wafers they will process for us. If foundries were to terminate or amend their arrangement with us or become unable to provide the required capacity, services and or quality on a timely basis, we may not be able to manufacture and ship our display products or we may be forced to manufacture them in limited quantities until replacement foundry services can be obtained. Furthermore, we cannot assure that we would be able to establish alternative manufacturing and packaging relationships on acceptable terms.
Our reliance on these foundries involves certain risks, including but not limited to:
Due to natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons that have occasionally occurred in Asia, many Taiwanese companies, including the Taiwanese foundry we use, have experienced related business interruptions. Our business could suffer significantly if any of the foundries we use have their operations disrupted for an extended period due to natural disasters, political unrest or financial instability.
We may be unable to adequately control purchase pricing of certain critical materials, which may materially adversely affect our sales or profitability. We have no long-term pricing contracts on foundry wafers and certain other materials that represent a significant portion of our product bill of material costs. We cannot provide assurance against supplier price increases that negatively impact on the cost of producing products, which may adversely affect sales or profitability. Finding and/or qualifying a more cost-effective replacement supplier may take significant time.
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and rapidly changing and we may be unable to compete successfully. There are several companies that develop or may develop products that compete in our target markets. The individual components that we offer for sale (displays, optical lenses, backlights and ASICs) are also offered by companies whose sole business focuses on that individual component. For example, there are companies whose sole business is to sell optical lenses. Accordingly, our strategy requires us to develop technologies and to compete in multiple markets. Some of our competitors are much larger than we are and have significantly greater financial, development and marketing resources than we do. The competition in these markets could adversely affect our operating results by reducing the volume of the products we sell or the prices we can charge. These competitors may be able to respond more rapidly than us to new or emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies, or changes in customer requirements. They may also devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do.
Our success will depend substantially upon our ability to enhance our products and technologies and to develop and introduce, on a timely and cost-effective basis, new products and features that meet changing customer requirements and incorporate technological enhancements. For example, we believe there is a growing demand for microLED display products and if microLEDs can be successfully commercialized they may reduce demand for our AMLCD and OLED displays. We are investing in the development of microLED displays and the cost of such development we believe will be substantial. We are competing against larger companies with greater resources than us in the development of microLED displays. If we are unable to develop new products and enhance functionalities or technologies to adapt to these changes or secure any necessary regulatory approvals to roll out such new technologies on a timely basis, our business may suffer. In addition, our use of new or emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, may result in substantial integration and maintenance costs and may expose us to additional risks. For example, the content, analyses, or recommendations generated by artificial intelligence programs, if deficient, inaccurate, or biased, could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operational results, as well as our reputation. Moreover, ethical concerns associated with artificial intelligence could lead to brand damage, competitive disadvantages, or legal repercussions. Any problems with our implementation or use of artificial intelligence or other technological advancements could also negatively impact on our business or results of our operations.
Disruptions of our production could adversely affect our operating results. If we were to experience any significant disruption in the operation of our facilities, we would be unable to supply our products to our customers. Many of our sales contracts include financial penalties for late delivery. In the past, we have experienced power outages at our facilities, which ranged in duration from one to four days. We have certain critical pieces of equipment necessary to operate our facilities that are no longer offered for sale, and we may not have service contracts or spare parts for the equipment. Additionally, as we introduce new equipment into our manufacturing processes, our display products could be subject to especially wide variations in manufacturing yields and efficiency. We may experience manufacturing problems that would result in delays in product introduction and delivery or yield fluctuations.
A disruption to our information technology systems could significantly impact on our operations, revenue and profitability. Our data processing systems and our Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) software are cloud-based and hosted by third parties. We also use software packages that are no longer supported by their developer. We have experienced short-term (i.e., a few days) interruptions in our Internet connection. An interruption of the third-party systems or the infrastructure that allows us to connect to the third-party systems for an extended period may affect our ability to operate our business and process transactions, which could result in a decline in sales and affect our ability to achieve or maintain profitability.
We may not achieve some or all of the anticipated benefits of our equity investments. On December 27, 2025, we had equity investments in companies totaling $12.4 million, where we have limited, if any, control over their governance, financial reporting and operations. As a result, we face certain operating, financial and other risks relating to these investments, including risks related to the financial strength of the investments. We are required to periodically review the value of these investments for impairment. For example, in the third quarter of 2025, we reviewed the financial condition and other factors of our investment in a customer and as a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $0.4 million to reduce the carrying value of our investment. These investments may not contribute to our earnings or cash flow. In addition, these investments may be required to raise additional capital, which may result in our ownership percentage being decreased.
If we are unable to obtain or maintain existing software license relationships or other relationships relating to the intellectual property we use, our ability to grow revenue and achieve profitability and positive cash flow may be negatively affected. Our headset systems include software that we license from other companies. Should we violate the terms of a license, our license could be cancelled. Companies may decide to stop supporting the software we are licensing, or new versions of the software may not be compatible with our software, which would require us to rewrite our software, which we may not be able to do. Moreover, the license fees we pay may be increased, which would negatively affect our ability to achieve profitability and positive cash flow.
We may incur substantial costs in defending our intellectual property and may not be successful in protecting our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, nondisclosure agreements, IT security systems, internal controls and compliance systems, and other measures to protect our intellectual property. We also rely on nondisclosure agreements, confidentiality obligations in contracts, IT security systems, and other measures to protect certain customer and supplier information and intellectual property that we have in our possession or to which we have access. We have obtained certain domestic and foreign patents, and we intend to continue to seek patents on our inventions when appropriate. We also attempt to protect our proprietary information with contractual arrangements and under trade secret laws. Our employees and consultants generally enter into agreements containing provisions with respect to confidentiality and the assignment of rights to us for inventions made by them while in our employ or consulting for us. These measures may not adequately protect our intellectual property or proprietary rights. Existing trade secret, trademark and copyright laws afford only limited protection, and our patents could be invalidated, held to be unenforceable or circumvented. Moreover, the laws of certain foreign countries in which our products are or may be manufactured or sold may not provide full protection of our intellectual property rights. Misappropriation of our technology and the costs of defending our intellectual property rights from misappropriation could substantially impair our business. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property or proprietary rights, our business may not be successful, and the price of our common stock may decline.
The process of seeking patent protection can be time consuming and expensive and we cannot be certain that patents will be issued from currently pending or future patent applications. We cannot be certain that domestic or foreign intellectual property laws will allow the protection of our intellectual property rights or that others will not independently develop similar products, duplicate our products or design around any patents issued or licensed to us. We may be subject to or may initiate contested patent or patent application proceedings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, foreign patent offices or the courts, which can demand significant financial and management resources. Patent applications in the U.S. typically are maintained in secrecy until they are published about 18 months after their earliest claim to priority. As publication of discoveries in the scientific and patent literature lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first to conceive of inventions covered by our pending patent applications or the first to file patent applications on such inventions. We also cannot be certain that our pending patent applications or those of our licensors will result in issued patents or that any issued patents will provide adequate protection against a competitor. In addition, we cannot be certain that others will not obtain patents that we would need to license or could force us to retool or cease manufacturing and sales of products covered by these patents, nor can we be sure that licenses, if needed, would be available to us on favorable terms, if at all.
We also attempt to protect our proprietary information with contractual arrangements and under trade secret laws. We believe that our future success will depend primarily upon the technical expertise, creative skills and management abilities of our officers and key employees in addition to patent ownership. Our employees enter into agreements containing provisions with respect to confidentiality and the assignment of rights to us for inventions made by them while in our employ. Agreements with consultants generally provide that rights to inventions made by them while consulting for us will be assigned to us unless the assignment of rights is prohibited by the terms of any of their prior agreements. Agreements with employees, consultants and collaborators contain provisions intended to further protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information. To date, we have had no experience in enforcing these agreements. We cannot be certain that these agreements will not be breached or that we would have adequate remedies for any breaches. Our trade secrets may not be secure from discovery or independent development by competitors, in which case we may not be able to rely on these trade secrets to prevent our competitors from using them.
Our business could suffer if we fail to recruit and retain key personnel. To continue to provide quality products in our rapidly changing business, we believe it is important to retain and recruit personnel with experience and expertise relevant to our business. Our success depends in large part upon several key management and technical employees. The loss of the services of one or more key employees, including Mr. Murray, our President and Chief Executive Officer, could seriously impede our success. We do not maintain any “key-man” insurance policies on Mr. Murray or any other employees. Due to the competitive nature of the labor markets in which we operate, we may be unsuccessful in attracting and retaining these personnel. Our inability to attract and retain key personnel could adversely affect our ability to develop and manufacture our products.
If we fail to keep pace with changing technologies, we may lose customers. Rapidly changing customer requirements and evolving technologies and industry standards characterize our industry. We may be unable to bring to market technologies and products that are attractive to our customers, and as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Customer demands and new regulations related to conflict-free minerals may adversely affect us. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) imposes disclosure requirements regarding the use of “conflict” minerals mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries in products, whether these products are manufactured by third parties. These requirements could affect the pricing, sourcing and availability of minerals used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices (including our products). We have incurred additional costs associated with complying with the disclosure requirements, such as costs related to determining the source of any conflict minerals used in our products. Our supply chain is complex, and we may be unable to verify the origins of all the metals used in our products. We purchase materials from foreign sources that may not cooperate and provide us with the necessary information to allow us to comply with the Dodd-Frank Act. This may require us to find alternative sources which could delay product shipments. We may also encounter challenges with our customers and stockholders if we are unable to certify that our products are conflict-free.
Changes in tax laws, an unfavorable resolution of tax examinations, or exposure to additional tax liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. We are subject to taxes in the U.S., Korea, China and the United Kingdom. Governments in the jurisdictions in which we operate implement changes to tax laws and regulations periodically. Any implementation of tax laws that fundamentally changes the taxation of corporations in the U.S. or in the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate could materially affect our effective tax rate and could have a significant adverse impact on our financial results.
We may incur significant liabilities if we fail to comply with stringent environmental laws and regulations and the ITAR, or if we did not comply with these regulations in the past. We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local government regulations related to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of toxic or other hazardous chemicals used in our manufacturing process. We are also subject to federal International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) laws that regulate the export of technical data and export of products to other nations that may use these products for defense purposes. Failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines, suspension of production, or a cessation of operations. Any failure on our part to control the use of, or adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances, or otherwise comply with environmental regulations, could subject us to significant future liabilities. Any failure on our part to obtain any required licenses for the export of technical data and/or export of our products or to otherwise comply with ITAR, could subject us to significant future liabilities. In addition, we cannot be certain that we have not violated applicable laws or regulations in the past, which violations could result in required remediation or other liabilities. We also cannot be certain that past use or disposal of environmentally sensitive materials in conformity with the existing environmental laws and regulations will protect us from required remediation or other liabilities under current or future environmental laws or regulations.
We may be unable to modify our products to meet regulatory or customer requirements. From time to time our products display are subject to new domestic and international requirements, such as the European Union’s Restriction on Hazardous Substances Directive. If we are unable to comply with these regulations, we may not be permitted to ship our products, which would adversely affect our revenue and ability to maintain profitability. In addition, if we are found to be in violation of laws, we may be subject to fines and penalties.
We may be unable to successfully integrate new strategic acquisitions and investments, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In the past, we have made, and in the future, we may make acquisitions of, and investments in, businesses, products and technologies that could complement or expand our business. We may not be able to successfully integrate future acquired businesses, assets or technologies into our existing business and products. Future acquisitions could result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, amortization expenses and write-downs of acquired assets.
Additionally, we have several investments where we may have limited, if any, control over their governance, financial reporting, and operations. As a result, we face certain operating, financial and other risks relating to these investments, including risks related to the financial strength of the investments. As a result, these investments may not contribute to our earnings or cash flows. In addition, these investments may be required to raise additional capital, which may result in our ownership percentage being decreased.
Changes in China’s laws, legal protections or government policies on foreign investment in China may harm our business. Our Chinese investments are subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China as well as laws and regulations applicable to foreign-invested enterprises. These laws and regulations frequently change, including as a result of the current presidential administration in the U.S., and their interpretation and enforcement involve uncertainties that could limit the legal protections available to us. Regulations and rules on foreign investments in China impose restrictions on the means that a foreign investor like us may apply to facilitate corporate transactions we may undertake. In addition, the Chinese legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. If any of our past operations are deemed to be non-compliant with Chinese law, we may be subject to penalties. For instance, under the catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries, some industries are categorized as sectors that are encouraged, restricted or prohibited for foreign investment. As the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries is updated every few years, there can be no assurance that China’s government will not change its policies in a manner that would render part or all of our investment to fall within the restricted or prohibited categories. If we cannot obtain approval from relevant authorities to engage in businesses that have become prohibited or restricted for foreign investors, we may be forced to sell our investment if possible. Moreover, uncertainties in the Chinese legal system may impede our ability to enforce contracts with our business partners, customers and suppliers, or otherwise pursue claims in litigation to recover damages or loss of property, which could adversely affect our business and operations.
We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and, consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment during that time is if the price of our common stock appreciates. Historically, our earnings, if any, have been retained for the development of our businesses. Any recommendation by our Board of Directors to pay dividends will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, and other factors. Accordingly, if the price of our common stock declines in the foreseeable future, you will incur a loss on your investment, without the likelihood that this loss will be offset in part or at all by potential future cash dividends.
As a publicly traded company, we are subject to a significant body of regulation, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. While we have developed and instituted a corporate compliance program based on what we believe are the current best practices in corporate governance and continue to update this program in response to newly implemented or changing regulatory requirements, we cannot provide assurance that we are or will be in compliance with all potentially applicable corporate regulations. If we fail to comply with any of these regulations, we could be subject to a range of regulatory actions, fines or other sanctions or litigation. If we must disclose any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, our stock price could decline.
As a company that sells products for defense applications, we may be the target of cyber-attacks from a variety of threat actors. Cybersecurity threats include attacks on, or other attempts to infiltrate, our information technology (“IT”) infrastructure and the IT infrastructure of our customers, suppliers, subcontractors and other third parties, attempting to gain unauthorized access to our confidential or other proprietary information, classified information, or information relating to our employees, customers, and other third parties, or to disrupt our systems or the systems of our customers, suppliers, subcontractors, and other third parties. Cybersecurity threats also include attempts to infiltrate our products or services, including attacks targeting security, confidentiality, integrity and/or availability of the hardware, software and information installed, stored or transmitted in our products, including after the purchase of those products and when they are incorporated into third-party products, facilities, or infrastructure.
Our Cybersecurity Program
Our products and services are normally classified as EAR 99 by the U.S. government, but our defense customers may ask us to make some alterations for the environments the products will be used in. Moreover, our products sold for defense applications are integrated with our customers’ products and these customers may provide us with Controlled Unclassified Information (“CUI”) that requires, safeguarding and dissemination controls in accordance with laws, regulations, or Government-wide policies. Given the nature of our business and the cybersecurity risks we face, we have instituted a cybersecurity program for identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks, which include material risks from cybersecurity threats to our internal systems, our products, services and programs for customers, and our supply chain. Our management of cybersecurity risks to the Company is integrated into our Company-wide enterprise risk management program.
Our enterprise cybersecurity program aligns with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) standards, among others. The program includes processes and controls for the deployment of new IT systems by the Company and controls over new and existing system operations. We, or third parties, contract with, monitor and conduct regular testing of these controls and systems, including vulnerability management through active discovery and testing to regularly assess patching and configuration status. In addition, we require our employees to complete annual cybersecurity training, and we regularly conduct simulated phishing and cyber-related communications.
Incident Response.
Our cybersecurity program includes monitoring for potential security threats that may lead to vulnerabilities. We evaluate and assign severity levels to incidents, escalate and engage an incident response team based on severity, and manage and mitigate the related risks. Incidents are reported internally to members of senior management and/or the Board of Directors as appropriate based on severity and incident type and are also analyzed for external reporting requirements. Our incident response process is also designed to coordinate functions to enable continuity of essential business operation in the event of a cyber crisis.
Third Party Service Providers.
Weengage third party service providers to expand the capabilities and capacity of our cybersecurity program, including for design, monitoring and testing of the program’s risk prevention and protection measures, and process execution including incident detection, investigation, analysis and response, eradication, and recovery.
Oversight of Third-Party Risk.
To mitigate risks related to the use of third-party service providers, we have developed processes to evaluate and identify any risks from cybersecurity threats associated with the use of their tools or services and monitor third party service providers ongoing compliance with our cybersecurity standards. This approach is designed to oversee and manage risks related to data breaches or other security incidents originating from third parties.
Program Assessment
We continuously evaluate and seek to improve and mature our cybersecurity processes. Our cybersecurity program is regularly assessed through management self-evaluation and ongoing monitoring procedures to evaluate our program effectiveness, including assessments associated with internal controls over financial reporting as well as vulnerability management through active discovery and testing to validate patching and configuration. As cybersecurity threats are continuously evolving, we also periodically engage with third parties to perform maturity assessments of our program to identify potential risk areas and improvement opportunities. This includes assessment of our overall program, policies and processes, compliance with regulatory requirements and an overall assessment of key vulnerabilities. We use these assessments to supplement our own evaluation of the overall health of our program and target improvement areas.
Board Oversight and Management’s Role
Our Board of Directors has primary responsibility for enterprise cybersecurity risks. The Audit Committee also considers enterprise cybersecurity risks in connection with its financial and compliance risk oversight role. The Chief Financial Officer regularly reports to the Board of Directors on the status of the Company’s cybersecurity program and provides the Board with the annual assessment by a third party on the Company’s cybersecurity program. Cybersecurity risks are also included with the Company’s annual business risk assessment which is provided by the Board of Directors.
For more information on risks related to cybersecurity, see Item IA. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We lease our 74,000 square foot production facility in Westborough, Massachusetts, 10,000 square feet of which is contiguous environmentally controlled production clean rooms operated between Class 10 and Class 1,000 levels.
Kopin Virginia, Inc., our subsidiary in Reston, Virginia, leases 6,100 square feet in Reston. KEL, leases 20,000 square feet in Dalgety Bay, 5,000 square feet of which is contiguous environmentally controlled production clean rooms operated between Class 10 and Class 10,000 levels. KEL also leases an office in Berlin, Germany.
We believe these properties are suitable for business needs for the foreseeable future.
The Company may engage in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters and our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be affected in any particular period.
BlueRadios, Inc. v. Kopin Corporation, Civil Action No. 16-02052-JLK (D. Col.):
On August 12, 2016, BlueRadios, Inc. (“BlueRadios”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado, alleging that the Company breached a contract between it and BlueRadios concerning the design, development and commercialization micro-display products with embedded wireless technology referred to as “Golden-i,” breached the covenant of good faith and fair dealing associated with that contract, breached its fiduciary duty to BlueRadios, and misappropriated trade secrets owned by BlueRadios in violation of Colorado law (C.R.S. § 7-74-104(4)) and the Defend Trade Secrets Act (18 U.S.C. § 1836(b)(1)). BlueRadios further alleged that the Company was unjustly enriched by its alleged misconduct, BlueRadios is entitled to an accounting to determine the amount of profits obtained by the Company as a result of its alleged misconduct, and the inventorship on at least ten patents or patent applications owned by the Company need to be corrected to list BlueRadios’ employees as inventors and thereby list BlueRadios as co-assignees of the patents. BlueRadios seeks monetary, declaratory, and injunctive relief, including for alleged non-payment of engineering retainer fees.
On Monday, April 22, 2024, after a four-week trial, a jury verdict was entered finding for BlueRadios and awarding approximately $5.1 million in damages as well as recommending $19.7 million in disgorgement and exemplary damages. On May 22, 2024, the Company filed its Motion for Judgment as a Matter of Law or in the alternative for a New Trial, as well as two submissions arguing that the disgorgement and exemplary damages should not be awarded. That same day, BlueRadios filed motions seeking a permanent injunction prohibiting Kopin from selling any products that incorporate BlueRadios’ trade secrets, over $10.8 million in pre-judgment interest, and over $10.2 million in attorneys’ fees and costs. Briefing on those issues concluded on June 26, 2024. On September 25, 2024, the Company filed a supplemental brief on issue preclusion arguing that BlueRadios’ claims were untimely because of findings of fact made in BlueRadios, Inc. v. Hamilton, Brook, Smith & Reynolds, P.C., No. 1:21-cv-10488-DJC, ECF 268 (D. Mass. Sept. 18, 2024). That supplemental briefing concluded on October 29, 2024.
On September 5, 2025, a post-trial order was entered in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado in the matter of BlueRadios, Inc. v. Kopin Corporation, Inc. finding for the plaintiff, BlueRadios, Inc. and awarding approximately $19.7 million in damages but denying a permanent injunction and prejudgment interest. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company had estimated and accrued $24.8 million in probable and reasonably estimable damages for this matter. As a result of the post-trial order, the Company reduced the accrual to $19.7 million and recognized a benefit of $5.1 million for the reduction in the accrual in the condensed consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2025.
On September 26, 2025, the Company and its lawyers entered into a Mutual Release agreement (the “Release”) in which accrued legal expenses in connection with the BlueRadios litigation were resolved. The release reduced unpaid accrued legal expenses by $3.3 million to $1.9 million as of September 27, 2025. The reduction in accrued legal fees is included within selling, general and administration in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2025.
On October 2, 2025, the Company posted a supersedeas bond for $23.0 million which consisted of the $19.7 million judgement, legal expenses, and interest that would accrue over the expected term of the appeal. To post the bond the Company entered into loan agreements (the “Agreements”) with its bank which provides the bank with a security interest in the $23.0 million plus $1.15 million in fees for a total of $24.2 million the Company deposited with the bank. This $24.2 million is classified as Restricted Cash. The bank then issued a Letter of Credit (LOC) to a surety company who then issued the bond to the court. The Agreement provides for standard representations and warranties and allows the bank to use the $23.0 million to satisfy the LOC in the event the LOC is called.
On October 7, 2025, the Company filed an appeal of the $19.7 million judgement against the Company in connection with the BlueRadios litigation. As of December 27, 2025, the Company has accrued $19.7 million for the judgment within Accrued litigation liability and has accrued approximately $0.3 million in related interest within Other accrued liabilities.
Not applicable.
Part II
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KOPN”.
As of March 9, 2026, there were approximately 273 shareholders of record of our common stock, which does not reflect those shares held beneficially or those shares held in “street” name.
We have not paid cash dividends in the past, nor do we expect to pay cash dividends to common shareholders for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that earnings, if any, will be retained for the development of our businesses.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information as of December 27, 2025, about shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights and available for issuance under our existing equity compensation plans.
(1) Consists of shares available under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan.
Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities
The Company has not issued unregistered securities to any person within the last three years, except as described below. None of these transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, except as specified below, or any public offering, and, unless otherwise indicated below, the Company believes that each transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof, Rule 701 of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with the Company, to information about the Company.
On October 16, 2025, Theon purchased 1,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at a price of $7,000 pursuant to that certain Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 8, 2025, by and between the Company and Theon, as amended by the First Amendment to Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated September 30, 2025. Each share of the Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at an initial conversion price of $3.00 per share subject to a 9.99% beneficial ownership blocker. If the Common Stock of the Company trades at the Mandatory Conversion Price for at least 10 trading days within a 30 consecutive trading day period, the Company can force conversion at 80% of the Mandatory Conversion Price. The Preferred Stock earns 4% annual dividends (2% payable in cash and 2% payable in Preferred Stock). The Preferred Stock shall vote on an “if converted” basis with the Common Stock of the Company.
On September 29, 2025, the Company announced that it has entered into the Purchase Agreement with certain investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue pursuant to the PIPE, 19,545,950 Shares. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering are estimated to be approximately $38.1 million, after deducting placement agent fees and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The transaction closed on September 30, 2025. The Company also entered into a Placement Agency Agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, LLC (the “Placement Agent”), dated June 10, 2025 and amended on September 23, 2025, pursuant to which the Placement Agent acted as the exclusive placement agent for the Company in connection with the Placement (as defined in the Placement Agency Agreement). The Company paid the Placement Agent a cash fee based on the total size of the Placement according to a formula set forth in the Placement Agency Agreement.
On September 4, 2025, the Company entered into an Inducement Restricted Stock Award Agreement with Erich Manz. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company granted to Mr. Manz 400,000 restricted shares of Kopin common stock, subject to certain restrictions. 25% of the restricted shares will vest on each December 10 beginning in 2026, subject to Mr. Manz’s continued employment with the Company on the applicable vesting date.
Company Stock Performance
The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total shareholder return for the Company, the Nasdaq US Benchmark TR Index and the S&P 500 Information Technology index. The graph assumes $100 was invested in each of the Company’s common stock, the Nasdaq US Benchmark TR Index and the S&P 500 Information Technology index on December 31, 2020. Data points on the graph are annual. Note that historical price performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including the risks discussed in “Item 1A- Risk Factors”, and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Please refer to our cautionary note on Forward-Looking Statements on page 3 of this Form 10-K.
We are a leading developer and provider of high-performance application-specific optical solutions consisting of high-resolution microdisplays and optics, microdisplays subassemblies and headsets. We define microdisplays as displays that have a diagonal measurement of less than 2 inches. Our products are used for defense applications (soldier thermal weapon rifle sights, avionic fixed and rotary wing pilot helmets, armored vehicle targeting systems, and training & simulation headsets); industrial and medical headsets; and 3D optical inspection systems. We believe that the technologies we are developing may eventually be used in consumer augmented reality (“AR”) and virtual reality (“VR”) wearable headsets systems. Our products are primarily used to overlay digital information on the real-world scene.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our audited consolidated financial statements. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition under the cost-to-cost measurement method, and investment valuations. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies are most affected by our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
Revenue Recognition
Substantially all of our product revenues are derived from the sales of microdisplays, which are sold as individual displays, modules that include electronics and optics, or higher-level subassemblies for use in defense, industrial and consumer near-eye applications such as avionic helmets, thermal weapon sights or virtual reality headsets. We also have development contracts for the design, manufacture and modification of products for the U.S. Government or a prime contractor for the U.S. Government or for a customer that sells into the industrial or consumer markets. The Company’s contracts with the U.S. Government are typically subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (“FAR”) and are priced based on estimated or actual costs of producing goods. The FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods provided under U.S. Government contracts. The pricing for non-U.S. Government contracts is based on the specific negotiations with each customer.
Our fixed-price contracts with the U.S. Government or other customers may result in revenue recognized in excess of amounts currently billed. We disclose the excess of revenues over amounts actually billed as Contract assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers are classified as Accounts receivable on the balance sheets. In some instances, the U.S. Government retains a small portion of the contract price until completion of the contract. The portion of the payments retained until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer. For contracts with the U.S. Government, we typically receive interim payments either as work progresses, by achieving certain milestones or based on a schedule in the contract. We recognize a liability for these advance payments in excess of revenue recognized and present it as Contract liabilities on the balance sheets. Advanced payment typically is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and to protect us from the other party failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract. For industrial and consumer purchase orders, we typically receive payments within 30 to 60 days of shipment of the product, although for some purchase orders, we may require advanced payment prior to shipment of the product.
The Company recognizes revenue from a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.
For certain contracts with the U.S. Government, the Company recognizes revenue over time as we deliver goods or perform services because of continuous transfer of control to the customer and the lack of an alternative use for the product. The continuous transfer of control to the customer is subject to liability clauses in the contract that allow the U.S. Government to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. For contracts with commercial customers, while the contract may have a similar liability clause, our products historically have an alternative use and thus, revenue is recognized at a point in time.
In situations where control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. We use the cost-to-cost approach to measure the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation for our contracts because we believe it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure approach, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.
Accounting for design, development and production contracts requires judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating contract revenues and costs and making assumptions for schedule and technical issues. Due to the size and nature of the work required to be performed in many of our contracts, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complicated and subject to many variables. Contract costs include material, labor and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs. We have to make assumptions regarding the number of labor hours required to complete a task, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability and cost of materials and performance by our subcontractors. For contract change orders, claims or similar items, we apply judgment in estimating the amounts and assessing the potential for realization. These amounts are only included in the contract value when they can be reliably estimated and realization is considered probable. If our estimate of total contract costs or our determination of whether the customer agrees that a milestone achievement is incorrect, our revenue could be overstated or understated and the profits or loss reported could be subject to adjustment.
For our commercial customers, the Company’s revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied and the Company transfers control of the products or perform services, which is upon delivery of the product to the customer or performance of the services. Revenue is recorded as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Provisions for product returns and allowances are reductions in the transaction price and are recorded in the same period as the related revenues. We analyze historical returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of sales returns and other allowances. Certain product sales are made to distributors under agreements allowing for a limited right of return on unsold products. Sales to distributors are primarily made for sales to the distributors’ customers and not for stocking of inventory. Sales, value add and other taxes we collect concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.
The Company also licenses its intellectual property (“IP”) through technology license agreements which provides the customer the right to use our IP as it exists at a point in time. These agreements may include other performance obligations including the sale of products to the customer. The satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligation, and related recognition of revenue, occurs when the IP is delivered to the customer, the license period has begun and there are no additional performance obligations in the agreement. When the license is distinct from other obligations in the agreement, the Company treats the license and other performance obligations as separate performance obligations. Accordingly, the license is recognized at a point in time or over time based on the standalone selling price. Under certain license agreements, we may receive royalties based on the sales of the licensed product. We recognize royalty revenue upon the later of when the related sales occur, or when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Under our current license agreements for which a royalty exists, we have recorded revenue when the related sales by our customer occur because the performance obligation related to the delivery of the license to the customer has been satisfied.
Investment Valuation
We periodically make equity investments in private companies, accounted for as an equity investment, whose values are difficult to determine. When assessing investments in private companies for impairment, we consider such factors as, among others, the share price from the investee’s latest financing round, the performance of the investee in relation to its own operating targets and its business plan, the investee’s revenue and cost trends, the liquidity and cash position, including its cash burn rate and market acceptance of the investee’s products and services. Because these are private companies that we do not control we may not be able to obtain all of the information we want in order to make a complete assessment of the investment on a timely basis. Accordingly, our estimates may be revised if other information becomes available at a later date.
Consolidation, Variable Interest Entities, and Deconsolidation of Kopin Europe
We evaluate whether entities in which we hold an ownership or contractual interest should be consolidated in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation. This evaluation requires significant judgment, including determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary.
On October 16, 2025, following a strategic transaction with Theon International Plc (“Theon”), pursuant to which Theon acquired a 49% equity interest in Kopin Europe Ltd. (“Kopin Europe”) and the parties entered into a shareholder agreement, management reassessed its interest in Kopin Europe under the VIE model. Although we continue to hold a variable interest in Kopin Europe, management concluded that Kopin Europe is a VIE for which we are no longer the primary beneficiary.
This conclusion required significant judgment, particularly in evaluating whether we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Kopin Europe’s economic performance and whether we have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant. In making this determination, management considered, among other factors, the governance provisions in the shareholder agreement, the substantive decision making rights held by Theon, the nature of the activities that most significantly affect Kopin Europe’s economic performance, and our exposure to Kopin Europe’s economics following the transaction. Decisions regarding those significant activities require the consent of both Kopin and Theon.
As a result of this assessment, Kopin Europe was deconsolidated from our consolidated financial statements, and we recognized a gain on deconsolidation. Our retained interest in Kopin Europe is accounted for under the equity method, and we elected the fair value option for this investment.
Because this assessment involves significant judgment and is sensitive to changes in facts and circumstances, including modifications to governance arrangements, ownership interests, or operating activities, different assumptions or changes in circumstances could result in a different consolidation conclusion in future periods.
Results of Operations
We have two principal sources of revenues: product revenues and research and development (“R&D”) revenues. R&D revenues consist primarily of development contracts with agencies or prime contractors of the U.S. Government and commercial enterprises.
We manufacture Active-matrix Liquid Crystal (“AMLCD”) transmissive. and Liquid Crystal on Silicon (“LCOS”) reflective microdisplays. Our AMLCD display production is being performed entirely in our Westborough, Massachusetts facility. KEL manufactures our LCOS microdisplays in its facility located in Scotland. Our OLED displays are designed by us with silicon wafer and OLED depostion by third parties, and final assembly and test by us or in some instances by our deposition partners.
We are a display supplier for the U.S. Army’s Family of Weapon Sights-Individual and Joint Strike Fighter F-35 programs. We are also in development for new display systems for armored vehicles and a medical headset for surgeons. Our existing and new production programs are expected to increase production for the next several years. There are other firms offering products which compete against us in the defense programs and all of the programs we supply product to are subject to the U.S. Government defense budget and procurement process. Accordingly, there can be no assurances we will continue to ship under our defense contracts.
Predicting our R&D revenue and related trends is challenging because we have limited ability to forecast whether we will be awarded additional R&D contracts in the future as such awards depend on the U.S. military budget and priorities. We cannot assure that the R&D contracts will result in workable products or, if successful, our products developed under these contracts will be procured by our customers. If we do not continue to win R&D contracts or if there is no demand for the products developed under these contracts, our ability to achieve profitability and positive cash flow could be negatively affected because the R&D revenues (or the products derived from the R&D contracts) would not be available to cover the allocated overhead and selling, general and administrative costs which may remain. Some of our contracts are fixed priced and we may incur cost overruns that would result in losses on the contracts. If we incur such losses on our contracts, our ability to achieve profitability and positive cash flow could be negatively affected.
Because our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday of December, every seven years we have a fiscal year with 53 weeks. Our fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were 52-week years.
Revenues.Our revenues by display application, which include product sales and amounts earned from research and development contracts, for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 by category, were as follows:
Fiscal Year 2025 Compared to Fiscal Year 2024
Sales of our products for Defense applications include systems used by the military both in the field and for training and simulation. Sales of our products for Defense applications may be for a one-time purchase or for programs that run for several years. Revenues from product sales to defense customers decreased in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to a decrease in shipments of our products for thermal weapon sight applications.
Industrial applications revenues represent customers who purchase our display products for use in headsets used for manufacturing, distribution, public safety, 3D metrology equipment and other industrial applications. Our 3D metrology customers are primarily located in Asia, and they sell to Asia-based contract manufacturers who use the 3D metrology machines for quality control purposes. The industrial applications market has seen new entrants over the last few years, which has led to increased price competition. We have introduced lower priced products in 2025 to compete with our competitors, but we expect this trend will continue and hence we are focusing our product and selling efforts on other more attractive market segments.
Sales of our displays for Consumer applications are primarily for use in thermal imaging products, recreational rifle and hand-held scopes. The decrease in Consumer applications in 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily due to our re-focusing the Company’s sales and marketing efforts on defense applications.
R&D revenues decreased in 2025 as compared to 2024 primarily due to the timing of both starts of new programs and completion of our existing programs. This variance falls within the normal ebb and flow of funded programs. These contracts typically reimburse us for direct costs and allocated overhead and selling, general and administrative costs and in some cases profit. In 2025 and 2024, our R&D revenues exceeded funded R&D expenses by approximately $1.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
The decrease in license and royalty revenue in 2025 compared to 2024 is due to a decrease in royalties earned under IP license agreements for industrial wearable headsets.
International product sales represented approximately 5% of product revenues for 2025 and 2024. We categorize our revenues as either domestic or international based upon the delivery destination of our product. For example, if the customer is located in Asia or if a U.S. customer has its Asian contract manufacturer order product from us and we deliver the product to Asia, we categorize both these sales as international. In addition, if we earn royalties on sales from a customer, the royalties are categorized as domestic or international based on how the product revenues are categorized. Our international sales decreased in 2025 as compared to 2024 due mainly to a decrease in sales of our products for 3D metrology application by Kopin Europe Ltd. Our international sales are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. Consequently, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar could increase the price in local currencies of our products in foreign markets and make our products relatively more expensive than competitors’ products that are denominated in local currencies, which could result in a reduction in sales or profitability in those foreign markets. As a result, our financial position and results of operations are subject to exchange rate fluctuation in transactional and functional currency. We have not taken any protective measures against exchange rate fluctuations, such as purchasing hedging instruments with respect to such fluctuations, because of the historically stable exchange rate between the Japanese yen, Great Britain pound and the U.S. dollar.
Cost of Product Revenues. Cost of product revenues, which are comprised of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead related to the production of our products for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
Cost of product revenues increased as a percentage of revenues in 2025 as compared to 2024 primarily due to lower overhead absorption due to lower total product volume, as well as higher one-time write downs of obsolete materials that offset gains in operational efficiencies. Additionally, the margin improvements from efficiency gains within our thermal weapon sights product line were partially offset by lower margin contribution from industrial and training and simulation revenues due to their lower 2025 sales. The Company also implemented several programs and hired additional employees to improve manufacturing quality and efficiency.
The United States government is or is in the process of increasing or implementing tariffs on the importation of certain goods. In some cases, our contracts allow us to pass along new or increased tariffs subject to ability to prove the impact of the tariff on the cost of our product. If we are unable to increase our prices due to the implementation or increase in tariffs, duties and other taxes our gross margin and overall profitability will be negatively impacted. Furthermore, order intake along with certain programmatic revenue recognition was hindered by several government shutdowns that imposed significant delays to our 2025 plan. Several expected orders and subsequent revenue recognition have been delayed into 2026 due to substantial backlogs within the contracting pipeline.
The issues associated with the global shortage of semiconductor circuit chips and other raw materials decreased in 2025 and 2024. However, we have identified several semiconductor components which continue to have long delivery times. We continue to search for and procure all necessary components from our current vendors and from new vendors. In certain situations, we may procure alternative components or procure them at an increased cost. The inability to procure a single component will prevent the completion of our product and the ability to sell the product. Our products go through extensive qualification processes and therefore our customers may not accept a replacement component. We are unable to determine if we will be able to obtain all necessary components for fiscal 2026. If we are unable to obtain all necessary components, we may be required to stop production, which would negatively affect our cash flow and results of operations.
Research and Development. Research and development (“R&D”) expenses are incurred in support of internal display development programs or programs funded by agencies or prime contractors of the U.S. Government and commercial partners. R&D costs include staffing, purchases of materials and laboratory supplies, circuit design costs, fabrication and packaging of display products and allocated overhead. In fiscal year 2025, our Funded R&D expenditures were primarily related to our display products and defense systems, and our Internal R&D was primarily related to the development of OLED displays. R&D expenses for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
Funded R&D expense for 2025 decreased as compared to 2024 primarily due to decreased spending on U.S. defense programs and programs previously in development are transitioning into production. Internal R&D expense for 2025 increased as compared to 2024 primarily due to an increase in internally developed technology focused on future process improvement. During the second half of 2025 we were awarded a $15.4 million Other Transaction Agreement (“OTA”) from the Office of the Secretary of War (“OSW”) through the U.S. Army Contracting Command (“ACC”) under the Industrial Base Analysis and Sustainment (“IBAS”) program. This contract is for the first stages of enablement for domestic microLED production and development of ultra-bright, full-color MicroLED displays optimized for ground soldier augmented reality (“AR”) applications. As a result of this contract and other contracts we have received, we believe funded research and development expenses will increase in fiscal year 2026 as compared to fiscal year 2025.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist of the expenses incurred by our sales and marketing personnel and related expenses, and administrative and general corporate expenses. SG&A expenses for the fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
SG&A for 2025 decreased compared to 2024 primarily due to a decrease of approximately $6.4 million in legal fees and $0.1 million in professional fees.
Litigation Damages. Litigation damages were accrued as a result of the April 22, 2024, jury verdict that was entered against the Company awarding approximately $5.1 million in damages as well as recommending $19.7 million in disgorgement and exemplary damages. On September 5, 2025, Kopin received a judgment from the courts in the BlueRadios litigation awarding BlueRadios $19.7 million in damages but denying permanent injunction and prejudgment interest. This most recent judgment also provides for the accrual of interest of less than $0.1 million per month until the final settlement. As a result, the accrued litigation damages were reduced by $5.1 million in fiscal year 2025. We also recognized approximately $0.3 million of litigation damages related to the interest on the judgment in fiscal year 2025.
Total Non-operating Income (Expense).Non-operating Income (expense) is primarily composed of interest income, revaluation and impairment of equity investments, foreign currency transactions, gain due to the Deconsolidation of Kopin Europe Ltd, as defined and discussed in Note 1. and other non-operating income items. Non-operating income (expense) for the fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
In 2025, we recorded $11.1 million gain on deconsolidation and $0.8 million of impairment losses on equity investments. In 2024, we recorded $1.6 million of impairment losses on equity investments. In 2025, we recorded $0.3 million in foreign currency gains compared to $0.2 million of foreign currency gains recorded in 2024.
Tax provision
The provision for income taxes for the fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024 of approximately $(0.2) million was due to the accretion of additional potential liabilities related to uncertain tax positions and deferred tax liabilities for the Company’s former Korean subsidiary.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, and marketable securities of $61.6 million and working capital of $33.6 million compared to $36.6 million and $18.9 million, respectively.
The increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash for the twelve months ended December 27, 2025 was primarily due to proceeds from the sales of marketable securities of $36.4 million, proceeds from issuance of preferred stock of $6.7 million partially offset by purchases of marketable securities of $15.2 million, cash used in operations of $15.5 million, capital expenditures of $1.4 million and proceeds from the sale of an equity investment of $0.3 million. For the twelve months ended December 27, 2025, cash used in operating activities consisted of net income of $2.6 million, net cash used to fund changes in operating assets and liabilities of $6.3 million, and non-cash charges totaling $11.9 million, which was primarily related to accrued litigation damages offset by stock-based compensation, inventory reserves, depreciation, and investment impairment net of unrealized gains. We expect that net cash used for or provided by operating activities to fluctuate based on our operating results.
Litigation damages were accrued as a result of the April 22, 2024, jury verdict that was entered against the Company awarding approximately $5.1 million in damages as well as recommending $19.7 million in disgorgement and exemplary damages. On September 5, 2025, Kopin received a judgment from the courts in the BlueRadios litigation awarding BlueRadios $19.7 million in damages but denying permanent injunction and prejudgment interest. This most recent judgment also provides for the accrual of interest of less than $0.1 million per month until the final settlement. As a result, the accrued litigation damages were reduced by $5.1 million in fiscal year 2025. We also recognized approximately $0.3 million of litigation damages related to the interest on the judgment in fiscal year 2025. On October 2, 2025, the Company posted a supersedeas bond for $23.0 million which consisted of the $19.7 million judgement, legal expenses, and interest that would accrue over the expected term of the Company’s appeal to the verdict.
Equity offerings
On September 30, 2024, we sold 2,405,000 shares of common stock and received gross proceeds of $1.5 million.
On September 23, 2024, we sold 37,550,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $0.65 per share. In addition, in lieu of common stock to certain investors, we offered pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,000,000 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.64 per pre-funded warrant, which equals the public offering price per share of the common stock less the $0.01 exercise price per share of each pre-funded warrant. We received gross proceeds of $27.0 million before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses paid by us of $1.8 million. In addition, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 6,232,500 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.
On September 29, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) for a private investment in public equity financing (the “PIPE”) for 19,545,950 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”). The net proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $38.1 million, after deducting placement agent fees and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The transaction was consummated on September 30, 2025.
On October 16, 2025, the Company completed a $15 million strategic investment with Theon International Plc. Under the terms of the Agreements, Theon acquired a 49% interest in Kopin’s subsidiary, Kopin Europe Ltd. for $8.0 million and the parties entered into a licensing and development agreement and funding agreements relating to the joint development of military products. In addition, Theon purchased $7.0 million worth of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “Preferred Stock”). Each share of the Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) at an initial fixed conversion price of $3.00 per share, pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Designation for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Certificate of Designations”). The Company will have the ability to force the conversion of the preferred stock into common stock once the Company’s common stock trades at $5.50 per share or higher for 10 Trading Days (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) within a 30 consecutive Trading Day period. The Preferred Stock will carry an annual dividend of at the base rate dividend rate of 4%, 2% payable in cash and 2% payable in stock. With the close of this transaction, Kopin Europe Ltd. was deconsolidated from the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The consolidated statement of operations therefore includes nine months and sixteen days of activity related to Kopin Europe Ltd. The assets and liabilities of Kopin Europe Ltd. are no longer included within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Any discussions related to results, operations, and accounting policies associated with Kopin Europe Ltd. are referring to the current period through this transaction and prior periods as consolidated.
At-the-market offerings
During the three months ended March 30, 2024, we sold 3,080,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $7,466,755 (average of $2.42 per share) before deducting broker expenses paid by us of approximately $0.2 million, pursuant to our then effective At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2021 (the “ATM Agreement”) with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated (“Stifel”), as agent. The ATM Agreement terminated in the three months ended March 30, 2024. On January 24, 2025, we entered into a new At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated (“Stifel”), as agent, for the sale of up to $50 million of securities.
The following table presents the components of our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities held in U.S. dollars as of the dates presented:
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The domestic locations balance of $61.6 million for the fiscal year ended 2025 includes $25.3 million of restricted cash that is not available for current operating use.
The manufacturing operations at our Korean facility, Kowon, have ceased and Kowon was liquidated at fiscal year ended 2018. We have recorded deferred tax liabilities for any additional withholding tax that may be due to the Korean government upon Kowon’s final tax return acceptance.
We had net income of of $2.6 million in fiscal year 2025 and a net loss of $43.9 million in fiscal year 2024, and net cash outflows from operations of $15.5 million and $14.2 million for the fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our net cash outflows from operations were partially a result of funding our ongoing investments in research and development which we believe will continue. However, the Company raised approximately $45.8 million during the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025, through the issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and preferred stock. Moreover, the Company has posted a bond to satisfy the court’s verdict of $19.7 million in damages and anticipated accrued interest in the matter of BlueRadios vs. Kopin Corporation, Inc. should the Company’s appeal be unsuccessful (refer to Note 14 of our consolidated financial statements for more information). As of December 27, 2025, the Company had $36.4 million cash and cash equivalents (excluding restricted cash), which the Company believes is sufficient to support its operations and satisfy its obligations for at least the next twelve months from the date of this filing. We estimate we will have sufficient liquidity to fund operations at least through the end of the second quarter of 2027. Nonetheless, we monitor the capital markets on an ongoing basis and may consider raising capital if favorable market conditions develop. If our actual results are less than projected or we need to raise capital for additional liquidity, we may be required to do additional equity financing, reduce expenses or enter into a strategic transaction. However, we can make no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital, reduce expenses sufficiently, or enter into a strategic transaction on terms acceptable to us, or at all
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Seasonality
Our revenues have not followed a seasonal pattern for the past three years and we do not anticipate any seasonal trend to our revenues in 2026.
Contractual Obligations
Under our former CEO’s (“Dr. Fan”) employment agreement, commencing in January 2023, Dr. Fan (or in the event of his death prior to completion of all installments to his surviving spouse, or if none to his estate) would receive $1,500,000 in twenty-four (24) equal monthly installments. As of December 28, 2024, the monthly installments have been paid. In addition, under Dr. Fan’s employment agreement he receives $40,000 per year through 2033.
The following is a summary of our contractual lease payment obligations as of December 27, 2025:
The financial statements required by this Item are included in this Report on pages 42 through 70. Reference is made to Item 15 of this Report.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In connection with filing the Annual Report on Form 10-K, management, under the supervision of and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weaknesses identified by management and described below.
During 2025, management continued to implement enhancements to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting designed to address the material weakness previously disclosed in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These remediation efforts included strengthening financial review controls, enhancing documentation procedures, and expanding internal oversight of key accounting processes. While these actions have improved the control environment, management determined that the remediation process was not fully completed as of December 27, 2025, and therefore the previously identified material weaknesses have not yet been fully remediated. In addition, management identified an additional material weakness during 2025, as described below.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and include those policies and procedures that:
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 27, 2025, based on the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that, as of December 27, 2025, internal control over financial reporting was not effective based on criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the COSO for reasons discussed below.
We identified control deficiencies, that when aggregated, constitute material weaknesses as follows:
Remediation Activities
Management is actively engaged in the implementation of a remediation plan to implement measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate these material weaknesses with oversight from the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Except as described above related to the identification of the material weaknesses, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Rule 10b5-1 Plan Trading Arrangements
During our last fiscal quarter, certain of the Company’s officers adopted a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
OnNovember 18, 2025, Paul C. Baker, Chief Operating Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5 1 trading plan providing for the sale of up to 170,989 shares of the Company’s common stock. The plan is structured with predetermined trading parameters and is scheduled to terminate on December 18, 2026.
OnNovember 24, 2025, Michael Murray, Chief Executive Officer adopted a Rule 10b5 1 trading plan providing for the systematic sale of up to 386,667 shares of the Company’s common stock. The plan specifies predetermined criteria for timing, amount, and price of sales and is scheduled to terminate on December 24, 2026.
Other than disclosed above, during the three months ended December 27, 2025, none of our directors or officers terminated or modified any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as each item is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K. during the last fiscal quarter.
The Company requires that any director or executive officer adopting a Rule 10b5 1 plan comply with the mandatory cooling off period established under SEC rules and certify that they are not aware of material nonpublic information at the time the plan is adopted. The Company also monitors compliance with the terms of adopted plans throughout their duration.
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement relating to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”). We expect to file the Proxy Statement with the SEC in April 2026 (and, in any event, no later than 120 days after the close of our last fiscal year).
Code of Ethics. We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“the Code”) that applies to all our employees (including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) and directors. The Code is available on our website at www.kopin.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement regarding any amendment to or waiver of a provision of the Code applicable to any executive officer or director, by posting such information on our website.
Insider Trading Policy. We have adopted an insider trading compliance policy regarding securities transactions (the “Insider Trading Compliance Policy”) that applies to our directors, officers, employees, consultants, and contractors and those of our subsidiaries. We believe that the Insider Trading Compliance Policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations with respect to the purchase, sale and/or other dispositions of our securities, as well as any listing standards applicable to us. A copy of the Insider Trading Compliance Policy is filed as Exhibit 19 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our corporate governance guidelines, whistleblower policy and the charters of the audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board of Directors as well as other corporate governance document materials are available on our website at www.kopin.com under the heading “Investors,” then “Governance” then “Governance Documents.”
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the Proxy Statement.
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the Proxy Statement. Refer also to the equity compensation plan information set forth in Part II Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Part IV
(1)Consolidated Financial Statements:
(2)Financial Statement Schedules:
Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.
(3)Exhibits:
The exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed on the exhibit index immediately preceding such exhibits and are incorporated herein by reference.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and Board of Directors
Kopin Corporation
Westborough, Massachusetts
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Kopin Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Net product revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost input method
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, for certain contracts with prime contractors to the U.S. Government, the Company recognizes revenue over time using the cost-to-cost input method as the Company completes the performance obligations because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer and the lack of an alternative use for the product. Under this method, the Company measures progress towards completion based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs to satisfy the Company’s performance obligation. The cost-to-cost input method requires management to use significant assumptions and judgements to determine the estimated yield to be incurred throughout the customer contract.
We identified a certain assumption used in the estimated yield to determine net product revenue recognized using the cost to-cost input method as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination is the assumption requires management to use significant judgement in determining the estimated yield throughout the customer contract. Auditing the assumption required significant audit effort and auditor judgment to evaluate the audit evidence obtained.
The primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter included:
Research and development revenues recognized using the cost-to-cost input method
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has research and development revenues, whereby control transfers over time and revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue for certain of its research and development contracts over time, measuring progress using the cost-to-cost input method as costs are incurred. Under this method, the Company measures progress towards completion based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs to satisfy the Company’s performance obligation. The cost-to-cost input method requires management to use significant assumptions and judgements to estimate costs associated with its contracts with customers. These costs are estimated at contract inception and are monitored and updated throughout the duration of the contract.
We identified the estimated costs used in the cost-to-cost input method to determine the revenue recognized for certain research and development revenue contracts as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination is that research and development revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost input method requires management to use significant assumptions and judgements in determining the estimated future costs in the cost-to-cost calculation expected to be incurred throughout the customer contract. Auditing these estimates and assumptions required significant audit effort and a high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity to evaluate the audit evidence obtained.
Identification of performance obligations and timing of revenue recognition - research and development revenue
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, most of the Company’s development contracts and contracts with the U.S. Government provide a significant service of integrating a set of components into a single unit. The Company concluded these components are not capable of being distinct or distinct within the context of the contract, and the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation recognized over time or at a point in time.
We identified the determination of distinct performance obligations and the timing of revenue recognition for certain research and development revenues contracts as a critical audit matter. The determination of whether multiple products and services within a contract are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately and the timing of revenue recognition, requires management to exercise judgment and includes a high degree of subjectivity. Auditing these elements involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of effort required, including the use of firm personnel with expertise in technical accounting.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Variable Interest Entity accounting – Kopin Europe Limited
As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, Theon International Plc (“Theon”) acquired a 49% equity interest in Kopin Europe Limited (“Kopin Europe”), and the Company entered into a related shareholder agreement. As a result, the Company reassessed its control over Kopin Europe and concluded that Kopin Europe is a variable interest entity (VIE) for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company deconsolidated Kopin Europe and accounted for its retained interest as an equity method investment at fair value.
We identified the determination of the primary beneficiary under the VIE model for the Company’s retained interest in Kopin Europe as a critical audit matter due to the complexity of the evaluation, which requires management to make significant judgments in the application of the relevant accounting guidance. Auditing management’s application of the appropriate accounting guidance required challenging and complex auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required, including the use of firm personnel with expertise in technical accounting.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
Boston, Massachusetts
April 13, 2026
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(57,167
2,549,382
(43,877,896
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Total
Stockholders’
)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(161,406
208,912
(326,085
(240,646
Deconsolidation of subsidiary cash
(1,667,439
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Kopin Corporation is a leading developer and provider of innovative display, and application-specific optical solutions sold as critical components and subassemblies for defense, enterprise, professional and consumer products. Kopin’s portfolio includes microdisplays, display modules, eyepiece assemblies, image projection modules, and vehicle mounted and head-mounted display systems that incorporate ultra-small high-resolution Active Matrix Liquid Crystal displays (“AMLCD”), Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal on Silicon (“FLCoS”) displays, MicroLED displays (“µLED”) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (“OLED”) displays, a variety of optics, and low-power ASICs.
1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As used in these notes, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Kopin” and the “Company” mean Kopin Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates another meaning.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of Kopin Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Fiscal Year
The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in December. The fiscal years ended December 27, 2025, December 28, 2024, and December 30, 2023, include 52 weeks, and are referred to as fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively, herein.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kopin Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. As of October 16, 2025, the Company no longer has a controlling financial interest in Kopin Europe Ltd. and the assets and liabilities and operations of Kopin Europe Ltd. were deconsolidated (“Deconsolidation”). The consolidated statement of operations therefore includes nine months and sixteen days of activity related to Kopin Europe Ltd. prior to Deconsolidation. The assets and liabilities of Kopin Europe Ltd. are no longer included within the Company’s December 27, 2025 consolidated balance sheet. Any discussions related to results, operations, and accounting policies associated with Kopin Europe Ltd. are referring to the periods prior to Deconsolidation. Subsequent to Deconsolidation, the Company accounted for our equity ownership interest in Kopin Europe Ltd. under the equity method of accounting using the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”), (See Note 2, “Strategic Investment from Theon”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Liquidity
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net income of $2.6 million and net cash outflows from operations of $15.5 millionfor the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025.
As of December 28, 2024, the Company had $24.7 million accrued related to a jury verdict in the matter of Blue Radios Inc. v. Kopin Corporation (see Note 14 Litigation). On September 5, 2025, a post-trial order for $19.7 million was awarded. As a result, the Company reduced the accrual to $19.7 million and recognized a benefit of $5.1million in the consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025. On October 2, 2025, the Company posted a supersedeas bond for $23.0million which consisted of the $19.7million judgement, legal expenses, and interest that would accrue over the expected term of the Company’s appeal to the verdict. To post the bond, the Company deposited $24.2million in the bank, which consists of $23.0 million plus judgement, fees, and interest and $1.15million in additional fees. The bank then issued a letter of credit to a surety company who then issued the bond to the court.
While the Company has appealed the verdict, the bond is available to satisfy the payment of the judgment, interest, and fees should the Company’s appeal be unsuccessful. Moreover, the Company raised approximately $51.2 million during the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025, through the issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and preferred stock. As of December 27, 2025, the Company had $36.4 million of cash and cash equivalents (excluding restricted cash), which the Company believes is sufficient to support its operations and satisfy its obligations for at least the next twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Substantially all of the Company’s product and license and other revenues are derived from the sales of components and subassemblies and the license of intellectual property for use in defense and industrial applications. The Company also has development contracts for the design, manufacture and or modification of products for the U.S. Government or prime contractors for the U.S. Government and for customers that expect to sell into the defense markets. The Company may offer technologies developed under these defense research and development contracts in products sold to industrial, medical and consumer markets. The Company’s contracts with the U.S. Government are typically subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (“FAR”) and are priced based on estimated or actual costs of producing goods. The FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods provided under U.S. Government contracts. The pricing for non-U.S. Government contracts is based on the specific negotiations with each customer.
In accordance with ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised products, and the amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products and excludes taxes collected from customers which are subsequently remitted to government authorities. Pursuant to the contract terms, shipping and handling activities occur prior to the transfer of control of the Company’s products to customers and are therefore accounted for as fulfillment costs rather than as a separate performance obligation.
The Company applies the following five steps to guide revenue recognition:
Product Revenues
For certain contracts with prime contractors for the U.S. Government, the Company recognizes product revenue over time as the Company performs because of continuous transfer of control to the customer and the lack of an alternative use for the product. The continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by liability clauses in the contract that allow the U.S. Government to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay the Company for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process and finished goods.
In situations where control transfers over time, product revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company uses the cost-to-cost input method to measure the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation for its contracts because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost input method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation which includes the expected yield which is a significant judgment. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.
For certain contracts with prime contractors for the U.S. Government and commercial customers, while the contract may have a similar liability clause, the Company’s products historically have an alternative use and thus, revenue is recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control. Provisions for product returns and allowances are reductions in the transaction price and are recorded in the same period as the related revenues. The Company analyzes historical returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of sales returns and other allowances.
Research & Development Contracts
For most of the Company’s development contracts and contracts with the U.S. Government, the customer contracts with the Company to provide a significant service of integrating a set of components into a single unit. Since these components are not capable of being distinct or distinct within the context of the contract, the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. If there is a follow-on production contract it is assessed whether it is a contract modification or a new contract.
In situations where control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company generally uses an input method using the cost-to-cost approach to measure the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation for its contracts because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure approach, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs, including material, labor and overhead. at completion of the performance obligation which requires management to use significant assumptions and judgements. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time for certain contracts because the related performance obligations are satisfied upon delivery and transfer of control to the customer.
The Company’s fixed-price contracts with the U.S. Government or other customers may result in revenue recognized in excess of amounts currently billed. The Company discloses the excess of revenues over amounts actually billed as Contract assets and unbilled receivables on the consolidated balance sheets. Amounts billed and due from the Company’s customers are classified as Accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. In some instances, the U.S. Government may retain a small portion of the contract price until completion of the contract. For contracts with the U.S. Government and some commercial customers, the Company typically receives payments either as work progresses or by achieving certain milestones or based on a schedule in the contract. The Company recognizes a liability for these advance payments in excess of revenue recognized and present it as Contract liabilities and billings in excess of revenue earned on the consolidated balance sheets. Advanced payments typically are not considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and to protect the Company from the other party failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract. For industrial and consumer purchase orders, the Company typically receives payments within 30 to 60 days of shipment of the product, although for some purchase orders, the Company may require an advanced payment prior to shipment of the product.
License and other revenues
The rights and benefits to the Company’s intellectual property are conveyed to certain customers through royalty-bearing technology license agreements. These sales-based royalties are recognized when they are earned. Revenues from sales-based royalties under license agreements are shown under License and other revenues on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Contract Assets
Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized from customer arrangements, including licensing, exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are generally classified as current. The Company classifies the noncurrent portion of contract assets under Other assets in its consolidated balance sheets.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized for the contract.
Performance Obligations
The Company’s revenue recognition related to performance obligations that were satisfied at a point in time and over time for our contracts accounted for in accordance with ASC 606 were as follows:
Schedule of Satisfaction of Performance Obligations
The value of remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price of orders for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts. As of December 27, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $35 million, which the Company expects to recognize revenue over the next 12 months. The remaining performance obligations expected to be recognized beyond 12 months of $8.2 million represent amounts to be earned under government contracts, which are subject to cancellation.
Government Grants
The Company accounts for government grants which are not considered exchange transactions in accordance with ASC 832, Government Assistance (“ASC 832”). These grants generally provide the Company with payments for certain types of expenditures in return for research and development activities. The Company recognizes the government grant as grant revenue in the consolidated statement of operations, as the grants relate to improving the design of an already existing product that the Company regularly sells to other customers. Such amounts are recognized on a systematic basis in proportion with the related qualifying costs incurred, applying judgment to determine when grant conditions are met and when grant proceeds are no longer subject to clawback or performance uncertainty. Proceeds received before recognition of the related grant revenues are recorded as deferred grant income within Other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Costs associated with such grants are recorded as a component of funded research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Collaborative Arrangements
At the inception of an agreement, the Company evaluates if an agreement is a collaborative arrangement within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”). For collaborative arrangements that fall within the scope of ASC 808, the Company first determines which elements of the collaboration are deemed to be a performance obligation with a customer within the scope of ASC 606. For elements of collaboration arrangements that are accounted for pursuant to ASC 808 and are subject to the guidance in ASC 606, the Company applies the revenue recognition model under ASC 606 or other guidance, as deemed appropriate. The Company generally recognizes proceeds under collaborative arrangements within the scope of ASC 808 using a cost-to-cost methodology consistent with the underlying project economics within Collaboration revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. Proceeds received before recognition of the related collaboration revenues are recorded as deferred collaboration income within Other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Costs associated with such arrangements are recorded as a component of funded research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development expenses are incurred in support of internal display product development programs or programs funded by agencies or prime contractors of the U.S. Government and commercial partners, Government Grants and Collaborative Arrangements. Research and development costs include staffing, purchases of materials and laboratory supplies, circuit design costs, fabrication and packaging of experimental display products, and overhead, and are expensed immediately.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid, short-term debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
At December 27, 2025, the Company held approximately $24.2million of restricted cash related to a bond to satisfy potential amounts to be paid for the Blue Radio litigation (see Liquidity above and Note 14 Litigation). At December 27, 2025, and December 28, 2024, the Company held restricted cash of approximately $1.1million, that serves as collateral for a standby letter of credit in the same amount in accordance with a contractual agreement with a vendor.
The Company maintains its cash deposits with high-quality financial institutions. From time to time, the Company’s cash balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limits. The Company manages this credit risk by monitoring the financial stability of the institutions and has not incurred any losses on these deposits to date.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities consist of corporate notes and U.S. Government and agency-backed securities. The Company classifies these marketable securities as available-for-sale at fair value in “Marketable securities, at fair value” in the consolidated balance sheets, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). The Company records the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on marketable securities in the results of operations.
The Company uses the specific identification method as a basis for determining cost and calculating realized gains and losses with respect to marketable securities. The gross gains and losses realized related to sales and maturities of marketable securities were not material during the fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024.
For our available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we determine whether a credit loss exists. In this assessment, among other factors, we consider the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security. If factors indicate a credit loss exists, an allowance for credit loss is recorded to other income (loss), net, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. The Company excludes the applicable accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized costs basis of the Company’s available-for-sale securities for purposes of identifying and measuring an impairment. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities is recorded within prepaid and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company made an accounting policy election to (1) not measure an allowance for credit loss for accrued interest receivable, and (2) to write off any uncollectible accrued interest receivable as a reversal of interest income in a timely manner, which the Company considers to be in the period in which it determines the accrued interest will not be collected.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable are presented net of any necessary allowance(s) for credit losses. Receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and generally do not bear interest. When necessary, an allowance for credit losses is established based on prior experience and other factors which, in management’s judgment, deserve consideration in estimating bad debts, including reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions that may affect the collectability of the portfolio. Management assesses the collectability of the customer’s account based on current aging status, collection history, and financial condition. Based on a review of these factors, management establishes or adjusts the allowance for specific customers and the entire accounts receivable portfolio. All credit losses relate to ASC 606 receivables and contract assets.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments consist of marketable securities, equity investments, accounts receivable, loans receivable and certain current liabilities. Accounts receivable and certain current liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Marketable debt securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income or loss. Marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in gain (loss) on investments. Other receivables are recorded at fair value since the Company has elected to account for the specific instrument outstanding using the fair value option under ASC 825. Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value are recorded using the cost method, adjusted for changes in observable market transactions. The Company has elected to account for its investment in and loan receivable from Kopin Europe Ltd. using the fair value option under ASC 825.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at standard cost adjusted to approximate the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company adjusts inventory carrying value for the estimated difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and inventory status. The Company fully reserves for inventory deemed obsolete. The Company performs periodic reviews of inventory items to identify excess inventories on-hand by comparing on-hand balances to anticipated usage using recent historical activity as well as judgements and estimates about anticipated or forecasted demand. If estimates of customer demand diminish further or market conditions become less favorable than those projected by the Company, additional inventory adjustments may be required, subject to judgement and estimation. At the point of a loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established basis.
Inventory consists of the following at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024:
Schedule of Inventory
The Company provided for additional reserves of approximately $1.0million and $2.4million for the years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024. The inventory adjustments were primarily due to scrapping of obsolete and excess inventory. The inventory adjustments are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations within Cost of Product Revenues.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 3 to 5 years. Leasehold improvements and leased equipment are amortized over the remaining lease term or the useful life of the improvement or equipment. As discussed below, obligations for asset retirement are accrued at the time property, plant and equipment are initially purchased or as such obligations are generated from use.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities
The Company periodically makes equity investments in private companies, which require estimates and judgment in determining their value. Equity investments in private companies over which the Company does not have significant influence are accounted for under the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which is often referred to as the “cost method,” adjusted for changes in observable market transactions.
When assessing investments in private companies for impairment, the Company considers such factors as, among other things, the share price from the investee’s latest financing round, the performance of the investee in relation to its operating targets and business plan, the investee’s revenue and cost trends, its liquidity and cash position, including cash burn rate, and the market acceptance of the investee’s products and services.
Equity investments over which the Company has significant influence, generally presumed when the Company owns 20% or more of the investee’s voting interests, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.
Product Warranty
The Company generally sells products with a limited warranty of product quality and a limited indemnification of customers against intellectual property infringement claims related to the Company’s products. The Company accrues for known warranty and indemnification issues if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated and accrues for estimated incurred but unidentified issues based on historical activity.
Extended Warranties
The Company recognizes revenue from an extended warranty on the straight-line method over the life of the extended warranty, which is typically 12 to 18 months beyond the standard 12-month warranty. The Company classifies the current portion of extended warranties under Contract liabilities and billings in excess of revenue earned and the noncurrent portion of extended warranties under Noncurrent contract liabilities and asset retirement obligations in its consolidated balance sheets. The Company had less than $0.1 million of contract liabilities related to extended warranties at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024.
Asset Retirement Obligations
Included in Other long-term liabilities, net of current portion are asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) liabilities of $0and $0.4million at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Noncurrent contract liabilities and asset retirement obligations. This represents the legal obligations associated with the retirement of the Company’s assets when the timing and/or method of settling the obligation are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the Company. Changes in ARO liabilities for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 are as follows:
Schedule of Changes in Asset Retirement Obligations
Due to the Deconsolidation of Kopin Europe in 2025, the ARO was reduced to 0zero during the year ended December 27, 2025.
Income Taxes
The consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides valuation allowances if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act imposed a U.S. tax on global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”) that is earned by certain foreign affiliates owned by a U.S. shareholder. The Company has made a policy election to treat future taxes related to GILTI as a current period expense in the reporting period in which the tax is incurred.
Foreign Currency
The reporting currency of the Company is U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. operations where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar is translated from the functional currency into U.S. dollars at year end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. Resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Transaction gains or losses are recognized in income or loss in the period in which they occur.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
Basic net income or loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period including the pre-funded warrants, less any nonvested restricted shares. The Company adjusts net income or loss attributable to common stockholders for dividends and deemed dividends on convertible preferred stock.
Diluted net income or loss per share is calculated using the treasury-stock method or the if-converted method, as applicable, for potentially dilutive instruments but such instruments are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, when their effect would be anti-dilutive for the periods presented.
Weighted average common shares outstanding used to calculate earnings per share are as follows:
Schedule of Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
The following potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding at the period-end were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:
Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk other than marketable securities consist principally of trade accounts receivable. Trade receivables are primarily derived from sales to manufacturers of components and subassemblies for defense applications. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited to certain customers to whom we make substantial sales. To reduce risk, we routinely assess the financial strength of our customers and, as a consequence, believe that our accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited. Management assesses the collectability of the customer’s account based on current aging status, collection history, and financial condition. Based on a review of these factors, management establishes or adjusts the allowance for specific customers and the entire accounts receivable portfolio. The Company sells its products to customers worldwide and generally does not require collateral.
The Company primarily invests its excess cash in government-backed and corporate debt securities that management believes to be of high creditworthiness, which bear lower levels of relative credit risk. The Company relies on rating agencies to ascertain the creditworthiness of its marketable securities and, where applicable, guarantees made by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company.
Stock-Based Compensation
The fair value of nonvested restricted common stock awards is generally the quoted price of the Company’s equity shares on the date of grant. The nonvested restricted common stock awards require the employee to fulfil certain obligations, including remaining employed by the Company for periods ranging from one to five years (the vesting period) and in certain cases also require meeting performance criteria.The performance criteria primarily consist of the achievement of established milestones. For nonvested restricted common stock awards which solely require the recipient to remain employed with the Company, the stock compensation expense is amortized over the anticipated service period. For nonvested restricted common stock awards which require the achievement of performance criteria, the Company reviews the probability of achieving the performance goals on a periodic basis. If the Company determines that it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved, the amount of compensation cost derived for the performance goal is amortized over the service period. If the performance criteria are not met, no compensation cost is recognized, and any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed. The Company recognizes compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for time vested awards. We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.
The Company also grants stock options to employees and directors. Stock options are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, however, during the current year the Company approved a grant with an exercise price that was below the fair market value on the grant date.
The options typically vest over service periods of one to four years and generally expire ten years from the date of grant. The fair value of stock option awards is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Assumptions used in this model include expected volatility, expected term of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividend yield. These assumptions are based on historical data, peer company information, and other factors considered relevant at the time of valuation. For stock options that vest based solely on service, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For stock options containing performance conditions, the Company assesses the probability of achieving those conditions each reporting period. If achievement is considered probable, related compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period; if not, previously recognized compensation cost is reversed. We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.
Convertible Preferred Stock
The Company classifies convertible preferred stock as temporary equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet due to terms that conditionally require redemption of the shares if, upon conversion, share settlement is not available due to beneficial ownership limitations. The Company considers such instruments currently redeemable and adjusts the carrying value of the convertible preferred stock to its corresponding redemption value, if such amount is greater than its initial carrying value. Dividends payable in cash are accrued as a liability and dividends payable in-kind are accumulated to the carrying value of the convertible preferred stock since such dividends accrue and accumulate semi-annually whether or not declared by the board of directors or whether or not the Company has funds legally available for the payment of such dividends.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is the total of net (loss) income and all other non-owner changes in equity including such items as unrealized holding (losses) gains on marketable debt securities classified as available-for-sale and foreign currency translation adjustments.
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Examples of such triggering events applicable to the Company’s assets include, but are not limited to, a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset or asset group, a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses, a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset or asset group, or adverse industry or economic trends. If any indicator of impairment exists, the Company would then assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of the asset group can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, the Company would estimate the asset group’s fair value using future discounted cash flows associated with the use of the asset group and adjust the carrying value of the asset group accordingly. Given the Company’s history of negative operating losses and negative operating cash flows, the Company performed an analysis of its long-lived assets for fiscal years 2025 and 2024. Upon completion of its assessment, the Company did not identify an impairment charge on its long-lived assets for the years ended December 27, 2025 or December 28, 2024.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains an embedded lease at inception. For lease arrangements with both lease and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs), the Company accounts for the non-lease components separately.
All of the Company’s leases are operating leases. Operating lease right-of-use assets (“ROU”) and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any initial direct costs and any lease payments made at or before the commencement date and are reduced for any unrestricted incentives received at or before the commencement date.
For the majority of the Company’s leases, the discount rate used to determine the present value of the lease payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date, as the implicit rate is not readily determinable. The discount rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a secured basis and is the rate at which the Company would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term. For new or renewed leases, the discount rate is determined using available data at lease commencement and based on the lease term including any reasonably certain renewal periods.
Some of the Company’s leases include options to extend or terminate the lease. The Company includes these options in the recognition of the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option. In most cases, the Company has concluded that renewal and early termination options are not reasonably certain of being exercised by the Company (and thus not included in its ROU asset and lease liability) unless there is an economic, financial or business reason to do so. None of the Company’s leases include variable lease-related payments, such as escalation clauses based on the consumer price index (“CPI”) rates or residual guarantees.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures(“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities (“PBEs”). The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for all PBEs for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-6”). ASU 2025-06 changes the accounting for internal-use software under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-40. ASU 2025-06 clarifies when to begin capitalizing costs. ASU 2025-06 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires more disaggregated income tax disclosures, including additional information in the rate reconciliation and additional disclosures about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 became effective for the Company for the fiscal year ending December 27, 2025. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 retroactively for the annual periods ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024. As a result, the 2025 and 2024 annual financial statements reflect the new disclosure requirements, including enhanced rate reconciliation and disaggregated income tax payment information. Consistent with the standard’s prospective transition guidance, prior-period disclosures continue to be presented under the previous requirements. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows; however, it resulted in expanded income tax disclosures beginning in 2025.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities (“ASU 2025-10”), to provide guidance on how business entities should recognize, measure, and present government grants received. The Company early adopted ASC 2025-10 using the modified prospective approach and applied the amendments to grants that were entered after and grants that were not complete as of December 29, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2025-10 did not have a material effect on the Company’s accounting for government grants.
2.Strategic Investment from Theon
On August 8, 2025, Kopin Corporation announced certain strategic agreements (collectively, the “Agreements”) for an aggregate of $15 million strategic investment from Theon International Plc (“Theon”). The Agreements closed on October 16, 2025, upon resolution of all related closing conditions, and the following related transactions were consummated:
As a result of the sale of equity interests in Kopin Europe Ltd. and the existence of certain substantive participating rights provided to Theon, Kopin Corporation lost its controlling financial interest in Kopin Europe Ltd., a variable interest entity, as of October 16, 2025. While the Company has the right to receive benefits from, and the obligation to absorb losses of, Kopin Europe that could be potentially significant, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Kopin Europe’s economic performance. In making this determination, management considered, among other factors, the governance provisions in the shareholder agreement, the substantive decision making rights held by Theon, the nature of the activities that most significantly affect Kopin Europe’s economic performance, and our exposure to Kopin Europe’s economics following the transaction. Decisions regarding those significant activities require the consent of both Kopin and Theon. Accordingly, the Company is not the primary beneficiary and elected to account for its equity method investment in Kopin Europe at fair value. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to its involvement with Kopin Europe as of December 27, 2025 consists of the carrying value of its investment of $8.9million and other receivable of $5.1million. The Company does not have any guarantees, contractual funding commitments, or other obligations to provide additional financial support to Kopin Europe beyond its current investment and loan.
The Company recognized a gain upon deconsolidation of $11.1million, inclusive of the fair value of the Company’s retained minority interest, of $8.6million, adjusted for the (i) gain on the write-off of the $2.4 million in the carrying value associated with assets and liabilities, (ii) recognition of $1.0 million cumulative translation gain, and (iii) ($0.9) million fair value adjustment of the Kopin Corporation receivable retained in Kopin Europe Ltd.
The most significant carrying amounts of the various assets and liabilities that were deconsolidated were $0.4 million of cash and cash equivalents, $1.2 million of inventory, $1.7 million of prepaid and other current assets, $0.5 million of accounts receivable, $0.4 million of accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and $5.5 million of liabilities. There were no other material impacts to the Consolidated Balance Sheets resulting from the deconsolidation.
The Company identified two liability-classified forward contracts related to the firm commitments to sell Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Kopin Corporation and ordinary shares of Kopin Europe Ltd. which required mark-to-market treatment from August 8, 2025 through settlement on October 16, 2025, resulting in an aggregate change in fair value of $0.8 million recorded in the statements of operations within gain (loss) on investments during the year ended December 27, 2025.
The License and Collaboration Agreement between Kopin Corporation, Kopin Europe, and Theon, together with associated side letters, established a framework for joint development and commercialization of multiple product categories, including the DarkWave module, DarkWave subsystem, Theon End Product, certain MicroLED displays, and OLED displays. To facilitate activities contemplated by the LCA, the parties executed a series of cross-licensing arrangements under which each party grants the others non-exclusive, royalty-free, fully paid-up licenses to use their respective intellectual property rights for the development, manufacture, promotion, and sale of products, including combined products resulting from the development efforts. All licensed intellectual property rights remain the exclusive property of the respective licensor, and no party has the right to sublicense the rights granted to it under these arrangements. Jointly developed intellectual property resulting from the LCA will be jointly owned in equal parts and shall not be licensed to third parties without the consent of at least 60% of Kopin Europe’s shareholders. As of December 31, 2025, total committed funding received by Kopin Corporation from Theon under the LCA was $1.0 million, of which approximately $0.4 million was recognized as Collaboration revenue in the consolidated statement of operations.
3.Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024:
Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment
Depreciation expense was approximately $0.6 million for fiscal years 2025 and 2024.
4.Leases
The Company enters into operating leases primarily for manufacturing, engineering, research, administration and sales facilities, and information technology (“IT”) equipment. At December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, the Company did not have any finance leases. Almost all of the Company’s future lease commitments, and related lease liability, relate to the Company’s facility leases. Some of the Company’s leases include options to extend or terminate the lease.
Schedule of Lease Expense
853,045
At December 27, 2025 the Company’s future lease payments under non-cancellable leases were as follows:
Schedule of Future Lease Payment Under Non-cancellable Lease
Cash paid for operating cash flows from operating leases:
Schedule of Operating Cash Flows From Operating Leases
Other information related to leases was as follows:
5.Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:
Schedule of Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability
The contract asset balance as of December 30, 2023, was $3.4 million. The contract liability balance as of December 30, 2023 was $0.9 million. The accounts receivable balance as of December 30, 2023, was $9.7 million.
The $0.9 million decrease in the Company’s contract assets from December 28, 2024, to December 27, 2025, was primarily due to a decrease in amounts owed from customers for whom we produce products for defense applications.
The $1.1 million increase in the Company’s contract liabilities from December 28, 2024, to December 27, 2025, was primarily due to an increase in billings in excess of revenues earned on the Company’s research and development contracts.
The Company records ASC 606 contract assets or contract liabilities and deferred grant income on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company records a contract asset for unbilled revenue when the Company’s performance exceeds amounts billed or billable. The Company classifies the contract asset as either current or non-current based on the expected timing of the Company’s right to bill under the terms of the contract, which the Company expects to be able to bill for within one year.
Contract liabilities consist of payments received in advance of product shipment.
The Company recognized revenue of approximately $0.1million, and $0.9million during fiscal 2025 and 2024, that was included in the opening contract liabilities as of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively. There was no revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.
The Company did not recognize impairment losses on its contract assets during the years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024.
6.Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurements
Financial instruments are categorized as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 based upon the method by which their fair value is computed. An investment is categorized as Level 1 when its fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An investment is categorized as Level 2 if its fair market value is based on quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, based on observable inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, or derived from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. The Company’s Level 2 investments are based on a yield to maturity models and market interest rates. An investment is categorized as Level 3 if its fair value is based on unobservable inputs for the asset.
The following table details the recurring fair value measurements of the Company’s financial assets:
Schedule of Fair Value Measurements of Financial Assets
8,900,000
5,057,974
The following table summarizes the changes in financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and categorized as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy for the twelve months ended December 27, 2025:
Schedule of changes in financial assets measured at fair value
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of their short-term nature. There was $0.5million certificates of deposit included in restricted cash and cash equivalents at December 27, 2025.
The Company validates the fair market values of the financial instruments below by using a model that incorporates current interest rates and remaining term. The restricted cash balance at December 27, 2025, with the exception of the bonded restricted cash, is invested in a certificate of deposit and money market funds. Investments in available-for-sale marketable securities are as follows at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024:
Schedule of Available-for-sale Marketable Debt Securities
The contractual maturity of the Company’s marketable debt securities were less than three months as of December 27, 2025 and less than one year as of December 28, 2024
No allowance for credit losses was recorded on available-for-sale marketable debt securities.
Equity Investments
The Company’s equity investments consisted of the following at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024:
Schedule of Equity Investments
Equity Investments – Measurement Alternative
Equity investments rarely traded or not quoted will generally have less (or no) pricing observability and a higher degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value. The Company adopted the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which is often referred to as cost method investments, adjusted for changes in observable market transactions. As a result, these investments are revalued upon occurrence of an observable price change for similar investments and for impairments. As of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, the carrying value of these equity investments was $2.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively.
The Company has an equity investment in RealWear Inc. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the Company received shares valued at approximately $0.4 million as payment of royalties. The Company reviewed the financial condition and observable market transactions and recorded an impairment charge of $0.9million and $1.8 million within gain (loss) on investments during the years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively. As of December 27, 2025, the Company has an approximate 2.8% interest in this investment which has carrying value of $0.1million. The fair value of this investment, which is not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, approximates its carrying value at December 27, 2025, using level 3 methodologies in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC 820.
In 2019, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Solos Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company sold and licensed certain assets of the Company’s SolosTM (“Solos”) product line and WhisperTM Audio (“Whisper”) technology. As consideration for the transaction the Company received a 20.0% equity stake in Solos Incorporation (“Solos Inc.”). The Company’s 20.0% equity stake will be maintained until Solos Inc. has raised a total of $7.5million in equity financing. The Company receives a royalty in the single digits on the net sales amount of Solos products for a three-year period, after the commencement of commercial production. The Company has performed the analysis and identified Solos Technology as a variable interest entity that should not be consolidated by Kopin, as Kopin is not the primary beneficiary of the entity. Kopin is not obligated to provide any additional funding support to Solos, and its potential loss exposure is the value of the investment recorded on its books. The investment’s carrying value is $0.2million as of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024.
The Company has an equity investment in HMDmd, a medical device company. The carrying value of this equity investment was $0.3million at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024.
The Company has an equity interest in a Lenovo New Vision which is denominated in Chinese Yuan and for the years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, the Company recorded approximately $0.1million and $0.2million of changes in investment value, respectively, due to a fluctuation in the foreign exchange rate. As of December 27, 2025 the Company owns an approximate 10% interest in this investment and the carrying value was $1.5million at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024.
Equity Investment – At Fair Value
In 2000 Kopin Corporation acquired 525,000shares of Global Communication Semiconductors, Inc. (“GCS”) for $1,050,000. GCS was a customer of Kopin HBT wafers. On September 15, 2014, GCS had an initial public offering on the Taipei Exchange. As of December 27, 2025 the Company owns an approximate 10% interest in this investment and the carrying value was $2.3million and $1.7million at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively.
Equity-Method Investment, At Fair Value
On October 16, 2025, the Company completed a $15million strategic investment from Theon International Plc which included the sale of a 49% interest in Kopin’s subsidiary, Kopin Europe Ltd., to Theon International Plc. for $8.0million. Following the transaction, the Company no longer has a controlling financial interest in Kopin Europe Ltd., and the Company’s 51% equity interest is accounted for as an equity-method investment within the scope of ASC 323. The Company has elected to account for its equity interest in Kopin Europe Ltd. using the fair value option under ASC 825. As a result, changes in fair value are recognized as other income (expense) within gain (loss) on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of this investment upon recognition and December 27, 2025, was $8.6million and $8.9 million, resulting in a change of fair value of $0.3million recognized in earnings during the year ended December 27, 2025. The fair value of this investment was measured using level 3 methodologies in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC 820, including discounted cash flows and an estimated discount rate of 24.75%.
Other Receivables
Historically, the Company has provided Kopin Europe Ltd. with a loan to fund operations. Following the Deconsolidation of Kopin Europe, Ltd. on October 16, 2025, the loan is no longer eliminated in consolidation. The loan has no stated repayment terms, bears interest at an annual rate of 2.0% and the outstanding balance was approximately $5.5million as of December 27, 2025. The Company has elected to account for this specific instrument using the fair value option under ASC 825. As a result, changes in fair value are recognized as other income (expense) within gain (loss) on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of this loan receivable upon recognition and at December 27, 2025, was $4.6million and $5.1million, resulting in a change of fair value of $0.5million recognized in earnings during the year ended December 27, 2025. The fair value was measured using level 3 methodologies in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC 820, including an expected term of between 0.1and 3.7years and an expected market yield between 11.75% and 16.00% during the year ended December 27, 2025.
7.Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
As of December 27, 2025, the authorized capital stock of the Company included 3,000 shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock, of which1,500 shares have been designated as Series A convertible preferred stock.
On October 16, 2025, the Company issued and sold 1,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock at a price of $7,000 per share. The Series A convertible preferred stock was recorded based on its fair value at issuance. The Company assessed the convertible preferred stock for any embedded derivatives that would require bifurcation on the date of each issuance and concluded that there were no such features with more than a de minimis fair value.
As of December 27, 2025, the holders of the convertible preferred stock have the following rights and preferences:
Voting Rights—
The holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock are entitled to vote as a single class with the holders of the Company’s common stock with one vote for each share of common stock that the preferred stock is convertible into.
Dividends—
On each January 1 and July 1 of each year, the Company shall (a) pay a cash dividend at a rate of 2% per annum and (b) allow paid-in-kind dividends to accrue at a rate of 2% per annum. The dividend rates shall increase to 3% per annum upon certain events of noncompliance. Dividends on preferred stock shall accrue and accumulate whether or not declared and whether or not the Company has funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and shall compound semi-annually to the extent not paid in cash on or prior to such payment date.
Liquidation Rights—
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, the holders of preferred stock are entitled to receive an amount equal to the greater of (a) the sum of (i) the purchase price per share and (ii) the accrued dividends on such share as of the liquidation or (b) an amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of preferred stock been converted into common stock immediately prior to such event.
After payment of such liquidation preferences, holders of common stock receive the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders.
Conversion—
The holders of the preferred stock may elect to convert shares of preferred stock into common stock at any time. Upon a holder’s election, each share of preferred stock shall be converted into such number of shares of common stock equal to the quotient of (a) the sum of (i) the purchase price per share and (ii) the accrued dividends on such share as of the conversion date, divided by (b) the optional conversion price in effect at the time of conversion, which is originally set at $3.00, adjustable for certain dilutive events.
The preferred stock may also be converted, at the Company’s election, if the trading price of the Company’s common stock is $5.50or more (adjustable for certain dilutive events) for ten trading days during any thirty consecutive trading day period. Upon the Company’s election, each share of preferred stock shall be converted into such number of shares of common stock equal to the quotient of (a) the sum of (i) the purchase price per share and (ii) the accrued dividends on such share as of the conversion date, divided by (b) the mandatory conversion price in effect at the time of conversion, which is originally set at $4.40, adjustable for certain dilutive events.
If either an optional or mandatory conversion would result in the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock beneficially owning greater than 9.99% of the common stock issued and outstanding, the Company must pay, in lieu of shares, an amount of cash per share equal to the volume weighted average per share price of a share of common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the conversion date and the relevant shares of preferred stock shall be deemed converted.
Redemption—
The preferred stock is redeemable at the election of the holders and is therefore classified outside of permanent equity. Upon the occurrence of certain events constituting a change of control, the Company has the option to redeem the preferred stock for an amount equal to the sum of (i) the purchase price per share and (ii) the accrued dividends on such share as of the redemption date. The Company shall not consummate an event constituting a change of control unless the Company provides each holder the option to receive an amount equal to the greater of (a) 150% of the sum of (i) the purchase price per share and (ii) the accrued dividends on such share as of the liquidation or (b) an amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of preferred stock been converted into common stock immediately prior to such event.
8.Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Sale of Equity Securities
In the first quarter of 2024, the Company sold 3,080,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $7,466,755 (average of $2.42 per share) before deducting broker expenses paid by the Company of approximately $0.2 million, pursuant to the Company’s then effective At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, (“Stifel”) as agent. The ATM Agreement terminated in the three months ended March 30, 2024.
On September 23, 2024, the Company sold 37,550,000 shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $0.64 per pre-funded warrant and received gross proceeds of $27.0 million before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses paid by the Company of $1.8 million. The offering price of the pre-funded warrant equals the public offering price per share of the common stock less the $0.01 per share exercise price of each pre-funded warrant. On September 30, 2024, the Company sold 2,405,000 shares of common stock and received gross proceeds of $1.6 million.
On June 6, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter”) to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, from 150,000,000 shares to 200,000,000 shares. On June 26, 2025, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Charter to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, from 200,000,000 shares to275,000,000 shares.
On September 29, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) for a private investment in public equity financing (the “PIPE”) for 19,545,950 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”). The net proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $38.1 million, after deducting placement agent fees and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company. The transaction was consummated on September 30, 2025.
The pre-funded warrants issued in 2024 and prior years are classified as a component of permanent equity in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as they are freestanding financial instruments that are immediately exercisable, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its own shares, and permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise. All of the shares underlying the pre-funded warrants have been included in the weighted-average number of shares of common stock used to calculate net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to common stockholders as the shares may be issued for little or no consideration, are fully vested, and are exercisable after the original issuance date of the pre-funded warrants. As of December 27, 2025, none of the pre-funded warrants had been exercised.
The table below summarizes pre-funded warrants activity:
Schedule of Pre Funded Warrants Activity
Restricted Stock Awards
In 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (“2020 Equity Plan”) which authorized the issuance of shares of common stock to employees, certain consultants and advisors who perform services for the Company, and non-employee members of the Board. The 2020 Equity Plan is a successor to the Company’s 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (“2010 Equity Plan”). The number of shares authorized under the 2020 Equity Plan was 4,000,000shares of common stock, which has since been amended to authorize the issuance of 11,000,000shares of common stock. In addition, shares of common stock underlying any outstanding award granted under the 2010 Equity Plan that expires, or is terminated, surrendered or forfeited for any reason without issuance of such shares shall be available for the award of new grants under the 2020 Plan. As of December 27, 2025, the Company has approximately 5.5 million shares of common stock authorized and available for issuance under the Company’s 2020 Equity Plan.
The fair value of non-vested restricted common stock awards is generally the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The non-vested restricted common stock awards require the employee to fulfil certain obligations, including remaining employed by the Company for periods ranging from one to five years (the vesting period) and in certain cases also require meeting either performance criteria. For non-vested restricted common stock awards that solely require the recipient to remain employed with the Company, the stock compensation expense is amortized over the requisite service period. For non-vested restricted common stock awards that require the achievement of performance criteria, the Company reviews the probability of achieving the performance goals on a periodic basis. If the Company determines that it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved, the amount of compensation cost derived for the performance goal is amortized over the anticipated service period. If the performance criteria are not met, no compensation cost is recognized and any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed.
Schedule of Non-vested Restricted Stock Activity
Grant-Date
The total grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards vested was $3.6million and $3.0million for the fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024.
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense within each of the categories below as it relates to non-vested restricted common stock awards for the fiscal years 2025 and 2024 (no tax benefits were recognized):
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense
Unrecognized compensation expense for non-vested restricted common stock as of December 27, 2025 totaled $7.6 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2 years.
Stock Options
During the first quarter of 2025, an option award for 591,366shares of the Company’s common stock was granted to the Chief Executive Officer. These options have a strike price of $1.76and vest over a 4-year period. In 2025, the Company recorded incremental stock-based compensation of $0.1million as a result of the granting of stock option awards. The remaining unrecognized compensation cost of $0.4million is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period of 3 years. The fair value of this option award was estimated using the Black-Scholes model using the following assumptions and had the following fair values:
Schedule of Stock Options Weighted Average of Assumptions
The Company’s 2025 average expected volatility and average expected life is based on the average of the Company’s historical information. The risk-free rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of option grants. The Company has paid no dividends on its common stock in the past and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the future.
A summary of stock option activity for the fiscal year is as follows:
Summary of Stock Option Activity
9.Concentrations of Risk
Ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition are performed and collateral, such as letters of credit, are generally not required. Customer’s accounts receivable balance as a percentage of total accounts receivable was as follows:
Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor
The Company had product sales to defense customers for 2025 and 2024 of 74% and 82% of total revenues, respectively.
The Company had revenue from funded research and development contracts for 2025 and 2024 of 12% and 12% of total revenues, respectively.
Sales to significant customers for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, as a percentage of total revenues, are as follows:
10.Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following for the fiscal years indicated:
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
208,000
(1,562,000
(407,000
1,514,000
455,000
The following table sets forth the changes in the Company’s balance of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, for the year ended:
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefit
U.S. GAAP requires applying a ‘more likely than not’ threshold to the recognition and derecognition of uncertain tax positions either taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s income tax returns. The total amount of the Company’s gross tax liability for tax positions that may not be sustained under a ‘more likely than not’ threshold, excluding interest and penalties, amounts to $0.8million as of December 27, 2025, and December 28, 2024. The Company’s policy regarding the classification of interest and penalties is to include these amounts as a component of income tax expense. The total amount of accrued interest and penalties related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, adjusted for the impact of foreign exchange gains and losses, was $1.3million and $1.1million as of December 27, 2025, and December 28, 2024.
The actual income tax provisions reported from operations are different from those which would have been computed by applying the federal statutory tax rate to loss before income tax provision. A reconciliation from the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Fiscal Year Ended
%
0.0
The Company incurred tax provisions of $208,000 and $170,000 for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2025, and December 28, 2024, respectively, primarily due to accrual of additional liabilities related to uncertain tax positions associated with transfer pricing with a former foreign subsidiary.
In fiscal year 2025 the Company deconsolidated its Kopin Europe, Ltd. Subsidiary. As a result of the deconsolidation the Company’s investment in Kopin Europe, Ltd and its loan receivable from Kopin Europe, Ltd. The entity’s deferred tax assets and offsetting valuation allowance are no longer included in the deferred table. A deferred tax liability was recognized for the book tax difference in the remaining ownership of 51%, the investment in Kopin Europe. No taxable gain or loss was recognized on the deconsolidation as this was not considered a taxable event for tax purposes.
The decrease in the federal net operating loss carryforward for fiscal year ended December 28, 2024, was due to the expiration of net operating loss carryforwards partially offset by loss carryforwards generated in Fiscal year December 28, 2024.
During the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025, the were no foreign effects due to the deconsolidation or Kopin Europe. For December 28, 2024, the change in the foreign effects categories was attributable to changes in the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets at Kopin Europe Ltd.
Pretax income (loss) from operations for the fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024:
Schedule of Pretax Income Loss from Operations
Deferred income taxes are provided to recognize the effect of temporary differences between tax and financial reporting. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following:
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Changes in the valuation allowance was as follows:
Schedule of Changes in the Valuation Allowance
The increase in the federal and state net operating loss carryforward for fiscal year ended December 27, 2025 was due to the loss from operation adjusted for litigation accrual and certain legal expenses being disallowed in computing the taxable loss, prior years research & development expenses that had been capitalized being expensed in fiscal year 2025, and equity compensation tax expense being greater than the amount recorded under U.S.GAAP. In addition to the loss from operations, the higher state net operating loss carryforwards for the fiscal year December 27, 2025 was also due to a change in the mix of sales in the states the Company sold in fiscal 2025 which have different rates than the state the Company is located in.
The valuation allowance was approximately $84.2 million and $83.8 million at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively, primarily driven by U.S. net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and tax credits. Based on the available evidence it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
As of December 27, 2025, the Company has available for tax purposes NOLs of $120.1 million expiring in 2025 through 2038 and $136.4 million that have an unlimited carryover period however only 80% of taxable income can be offset through the use of NOL’s in a particular year. The Company has recognized a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets as the Company has concluded that such assets are not more likely than not to be realized.
Net operating losses were not utilized in 2025 and 2024 to offset federal and state taxes
There were no payments for income taxes for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024.
Under the provisions of Section 382, certain substantial changes in Kopin’s ownership may limit in the future the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that could be used annually to offset future taxable income and income tax liability. During the year end December 27, 2025, Kopin performed a Section 382 review of its net operating loss carryforwards and determined there was no limitation as of December 27, 2025.
The Company files tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal and state jurisdictions, where applicable. The statute of limitations for assessment by the Internal Revenue Service remains open for all years from 2022 to the present. The Company’s tax attributes related to years prior to 2022 can still be adjusted under audit. State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of three to five years after filing of the respective return. The state impact of any federal changes remains subject to examination by various states for a period of up to one year after formal notification to the states. The Company is not currently under examination in these jurisdictions.
International jurisdictions have statutes of limitations generally ranging from three to twenty years after filing of the respective return. Years still open to examination by tax authorities in major jurisdictions include Korea, which is expiring at the end of 2026, Japan (2015 onward) and the United Kingdom (2016 onward). The Company is not currently under examination in these jurisdictions.
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBB”) was signed into law on July 4, 2025. The OBBB makes changes to U.S. corporate income tax, including immediate expensing of domestic research and development costs, with retroactive application beginning January 1, 2025; reinstating the option to claim 100% accelerated depreciation deductions on qualified property, with retroactive application beginning January 20, 2025; and international tax provisions modifying global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”), and base erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”). There is no significant impact from the OBBB on the Company.
11.Accrued Warranty
The Company warrants its products against defects for 12 months, however, for certain products a customer may purchase an extended warranty. A provision for estimated future costs and estimated returns for credit relating to such warranty is recorded in the period when product is shipped and revenue is recognized and is updated as additional information becomes available. The Company’s estimate of future costs to satisfy warranty obligations is based primarily on historical warranty expense experienced and a provision for potential future product failures. Changes in the accrued warranty for fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024 are as follows:
Schedule of Accrued Warranty
12.Employee Benefit Plan and Post Retirement Benefit
The Company has an employee benefit plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In 2025, the plan allowed employees to defer an amount of their annual compensation up to a current maximum of $23,500 if they are under the age of 50 and $31,000 if they are over the age of 50. The Company matches 50% of all deferred compensation on the first 6% of each employee’s deferred compensation. The amount charged to operations in connection with this plan was approximately $0.4million in fiscal year 2025 and $0.4million in fiscal year 2024.
On September 5, 2022, John C.C. Fan, the Company’s then President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, notified the Company of his resignation as President and CEO effective September 6, 2022. Under the terms of his previous employment agreement Dr. Fan received $750,000 of severance payments for the fiscal year 2024 and 2023. In addition, Dr. Fan received $40,000 for medical benefits for fiscal year 2025, 2024, and 2023, and he (or his spouse) will receive $40,000 annually through 2032.
13.Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is subject to the possibility of loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. Management considers the likelihood of loss related to an asset, or the incurrence of a liability, as well as its ability to reasonably estimate the amount of the loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired, or a liability has been incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company regularly evaluates current information available to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required.
14.Litigation
The Company may engage in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters and the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be affected in any particular period. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, an accrual will be established for legal proceedings if and when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable.
On Monday, April 22, 2024, after a four-week trial, a jury verdict was entered finding for BlueRadios and awarding approximately $5.1 million in damages as well as recommending $19.7 million in disgorgement and exemplary damages. On May 22, 2024, the Company filed its Motion for Judgment as a Matter of Law or in the alternative for a New Trial, as well as two submissions arguing that the disgorgement and exemplary damages should not be awarded. That same day, BlueRadios filed motions seeking a permanent injunction prohibiting Kopin from selling any products that incorporate BlueRadios’ trade secrets, over $10.8million in pre-judgment interest, and over $10.2million in attorneys’ fees and costs. Briefing on those issues concluded on June 26, 2024. On September 25, 2024, the Company filed a supplemental brief on issue preclusion arguing that BlueRadios’ claims were untimely because of findings of fact made in BlueRadios, Inc. v. Hamilton, Brook, Smith & Reynolds, P.C., No. 1:21-cv-10488-DJC, ECF 268 (D. Mass. Sept. 18, 2024). That supplemental briefing concluded on October 29, 2024. As of December 28, 2024, the Company had estimated and accrued $24.8million in probable and reasonably estimable damages for this matter.
On September 5, 2025, a post-trial order was entered in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado in the matter of BlueRadios, Inc. v. Kopin Corporation, Inc. finding for the plaintiff, BlueRadios, Inc. and awarding approximately $19.7million in damages but denying a permanent injunction and prejudgment interest. As a result of the post-trial order, the Company reduced the accrual to $19.7million and recognized a benefit of $5.1million for the reduction in the accrual in the consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025.
On September 26, 2025, the Company and its lawyers entered into a Mutual Release agreement (the “Release”) in which accrued legal expenses in connection with the BlueRadios litigation were resolved. The release reduced unpaid accrued legal expenses by $3.3million. The reduction in accrued legal fees is included within selling, general and administration in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025.
On October 2, 2025, the Company posted a supersedeas bond for the amount of $23.0million which consisted of the $19.7million judgement, legal expenses, and interest that would accrue over the expected term of the appeal. To post the bond the Company entered into loan agreements (the “Agreements”) with its bank which provides the bank with a security interest in the $23.0million plus $1.15million in fees for a total of $24.2million, which is classified as Restricted Cash. The bank then issued a Letter of Credit (LOC) to a surety company who then issued the bond to the court. The Agreement provides for standard representations and warranties and allows the bank to use the $23.0million to satisfy the LOC in the event the LOC is called.
On October 7, 2025, Kopin Corporation (Kopin or the Company) filed an appeal of the $19.7million judgement against the Company in the matter of Blue Radios Inc. v. Kopin Corporation. As of December 27, 2025, the Company has accrued $19.7million for the judgment within Accrued litigation liability and has accrued approximately $0.3million in related interest within Other accrued liabilities.
15.Segments and Disaggregation of Revenue
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its President and Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment and one reportable segment, as the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance.
The CODM assesses performance and decides how to allocate resources and make operating decisions based on revenues, loss from operations, and net loss that are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These metrics are also used to monitor budget versus actual results. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as total assets. Significant segment expenses are included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. See the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024.
Total long-lived assets by country at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024 were:
Schedule of Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas
The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by geographic location and by display application based on shipments, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
Total revenue by geographical area for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024:
Schedule Segment Information by Revenue Type
Total revenue by display application for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024 was as follows:
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment
33,067
43,576
410
762
38,067
50,335
Non ASC 606 revenues
1,257
16.Related Party Transactions
The Company may from time to time enter into agreements with shareholders, affiliates and other companies engaged in certain aspects of the display, electronics, optical and software industries as part of the Company’s business strategy. In addition, the wearable computing product market is relatively new and there may be other technologies the Company needs to purchase from affiliates in order to enhance its product offering.
The Company and RealWear have entered into agreements where the Company have agreed to supply display modules to RealWear, and license certain intellectual property to RealWear. In conjunction with these agreements the Company received an equity interest in RealWear, one-time $1.5million license fees, paid as of December 2019, and will receive royalties of future product sales. See Note 6 for a description of the Company’s investments in RealWear. As of December 27, 2025, the Company owned approximately2.8% of RealWear.
The Company has warrants to purchase shares of Preferred Stock of HMDmd. The fair value of the investment was determined to be $0.3 million as of December 27, 2025.
On October 16, 2025, Theon International Plc (“Theon”) became a related party of the Company following its equity investment in Kopin Europe Limited (“Kopin Europe”), the Company’s majority-owned subsidiary, pursuant to a Subscription Agreement under which Theon subscribed for 21,281,350 ordinary shares of Kopin Europe for $8.0 million, resulting in 49% ownership of Kopin Europe.
Concurrent with the Subscription Agreement, Kopin, Kopin Europe, and Theon entered into a License and Collaboration Agreement (“LCA”), together with associated side letters, establishing a framework for joint development and commercialization of multiple product categories, including the DarkWave module, DarkWave subsystem, Theon End Product, certain MicroLED displays, and OLED displays.
During fiscal years 2025 and 2024, the Company had the following transactions with related parties:
Schedule of Revenue with Related Parties
221,920
398,911
At December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, the Company had the following receivables and payables with related parties:
300,000
18.Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table sets forth activity in Kopin’s allowance for credit losses:
Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
During fiscal year 2025, the allowance for credit losses decreased primarily as a result of significant deductions and write-offs recorded during the period. The Company recognized approximately $0.6million in write-offs, largely attributable to legacy receivable balances that were deemed uncollectible following a reassessment of customer credit profiles and collection outcomes, and $0.4 million for the Deconsolidation of Kopin Europe.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.